text:
Page:Self-help with illustrations of conduct and perseverance (IA selfhelpwithillu00smiliala).pdf/152

 Progress, however, of the best kind, is comparatively slow. Great results cannot be achieved at once; and we must be satisfied to advance in life as we walk, step by step. De Maistre says that "to know how to wait is the great secret of success." We must sow before we can reap, and often have to wait long, content meanwhile to look patiently forward in hope; the fruit best worth waiting for often ripening the slowest. But "time and patience," says the Eastern proverb, "change the mulberry leaf to satin."

To wait patiently, however, men must work cheerfully. Cheerfulness is an excellent working quality, imparting great elasticity to the character. As a bishop has said, "Temper is nine-tenths of Christianity;" so are cheerfulness and diligence nine-tenths of practical wisdom. They are the life and soul of success, as well as of happiness; perhaps the very highest pleasure in life consisting in clear, brisk, conscious working; energy, confidence, and every other good quality mainly depending upon it. Sydney Smith, when labouring as a parish priest at Foston-le-Clay, in Yorkshire,—though he did not feel himself to be in his proper element,—went cheerfully to work in the firm determination to do his best. "I am resolved," he said, "to like it, and reconcile myself to it, which is more manly than to feign myself above it, and to send up complaints by the post of being thrown away, and being desolate, and such like trash." So Dr. Hook, when leaving Leeds for a new sphere of labour, said, "Wherever I may be, I shall, by God's blessing, do with my might what my hand findeth to do; and if I do not find work, I shall make it."


text: Poems (McDonald)/Prosperity

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Poems (McDonald)/Prosperity


text: Poems (McDonald)/Adversity

title: Poems (McDonald)/Adversity


text: Poems (McDonald)/To the Portrait of a Child


text: Poems (McDonald)/Ten Years Ago

title: Poems (McDonald)/Ten Years Ago


text: Poems (McDonald)/In Memory of Henry S. Craig


text: Poems (McDonald)/To a Friend at Parting

title: Poems (McDonald)/To a Friend at Parting


text: Poems (McDonald)/Winter Twilight

title: Poems (McDonald)/Winter Twilight


text: Poems (McDonald)/Past and Present

title: Poems (McDonald)/Past and Present


text: Page:The Royal Book of Oz.djvu/339

title: Page:The Royal Book of Oz.djvu/339


text: Page:The Royal Book of Oz.djvu/340

title: Page:The Royal Book of Oz.djvu/340


text: Page:The Royal Book of Oz.djvu/341

title: Page:The Royal Book of Oz.djvu/341


text: Page:The Royal Book of Oz.djvu/342

title: Page:The Royal Book of Oz.djvu/342


text: Page:The Royal Book of Oz.djvu/343

title: Page:The Royal Book of Oz.djvu/343


text: Page:The Royal Book of Oz.djvu/344

title: Page:The Royal Book of Oz.djvu/344


text: Index:Galignani's Messenger (number 1334, 29 May 1819).pdf


text: Index:Lays and Legends of Germany (1834).djvu


text:
Page:The Imperial Durbar Album of the Indian princes, chiefs and zamindars.djvu/75

H. H. MAHARAJA SIR BHANWAR PAL DEO BAHADUR. G.C.I.E.,

Maharaja of Karaull


text: Page:The Royal Book of Oz.djvu/105

title: Page:The Royal Book of Oz.djvu/105


text:
Page:The Imperial Durbar Album of the Indian princes, chiefs and zamindars.djvu/78

MAJOR H. H. MAHARAO SIR UMED SINGH BAHADUR, G.C.I.E., IC C.S.I.

Maharao of Kotah.


text:
Page:The Imperial Durbar Album of the Indian princes, chiefs and zamindars.djvu/81

H. H. MAHARAJA SHRI SUMER SINGH SAHEB BAHADUR. Maharaja of Jodhapur (Marwar.)


text: Poems (McDonald)/To a Picture

title: Poems (McDonald)/To a Picture


text: Poems (McDonald)/June

title: Poems (McDonald)/June


text:
Page:The Imperial Durbar Album of the Indian princes, chiefs and zamindars.djvu/82

MAJOR-GENERAL, H. H. MAHARAJADHIRAJA SIR PRATAP SINGH.

G.C.S.I.. K.C.B.. A.D.C.. Regent of Jodhapur.


text: Poems (McDonald)/Sonnet to a Child

title: Poems (McDonald)/Sonnet to a Child


text:
Page:The Imperial Durbar Album of the Indian princes, chiefs and zamindars.djvu/85

Bourrte <Sf Shepherd, India.

H. H. MAHARAJA-141AJAGAN BHUPENDRA SINGH MAHINDRA BAHADUR.

Maharaja of Patiala-


text: Poems (McDonald)/The Old Album

title: Poems (McDonald)/The Old Album


text: Poems (McDonald)/March

title: Poems (McDonald)/March


text: Poems (McDonald)/The Frozen Stream

title: Poems (McDonald)/The Frozen Stream


text: Poems (McDonald)/A Whisper from Fairy Land


text: Page:Lays and Legends of Germany (1834).djvu/28


text: Page:Lays and Legends of Germany (1834).djvu/56


text: Page:Lays and Legends of Germany (1834).djvu/139


text: Page:Lays and Legends of Germany (1834).djvu/119


text: Page:Lays and Legends of Germany (1834).djvu/244


text: Page:Lays and Legends of Germany (1834).djvu/305


text: Page:Lays and Legends of Germany (1834).djvu/306


text: Page:Lays and Legends of Germany (1834).djvu/307


text: Page:Lays and Legends of Germany (1834).djvu/308


text: Page:Lays and Legends of Germany (1834).djvu/309


text: Page:Lays and Legends of Germany (1834).djvu/310


text: Page:Lays and Legends of Germany (1834).djvu/1


text: Page:Lays and Legends of Germany (1834).djvu/2


text: Page:Lays and Legends of Germany (1834).djvu/3


text: Poems (McDonald)/Early Days

title: Poems (McDonald)/Early Days


text: Page:Lays and Legends of Germany (1834).djvu/4


text: Page:Lays and Legends of Germany (1834).djvu/5


text: Page:Lays and Legends of Germany (1834).djvu/6


text: Page:Lays and Legends of Germany (1834).djvu/7


text: Poems (McDonald)/Thanks for a Boquet

title: Poems (McDonald)/Thanks for a Boquet


text: Page:Lays and Legends of Germany (1834).djvu/208


text: Poems (McDonald)/The First Snow

title: Poems (McDonald)/The First Snow


text: Poems (McDonald)/To ———

title: Poems (McDonald)/To ———


text: Page:Lays and Legends of Germany (1834).djvu/108


text:
Page:An Exposition of the Old and New Testament (1828) vol 3.djvu/94

86 if Christ be an advocate for me?" Rom. viii. 32, 33. Christ is the Surety of the better testament, (Heb. vii. 22.) a Surety of God's appointing; and if he undertake for us, we need not fear what can be done against us.

III. The good use which the righteous should make of Job's afflictions from God, from his enemies, and from his friends, v. 8, 9. Observe here,

1. How the saints are described. (1.) They are upright men, honest, and sincere, and that act from a steady principle, with a single eye. This was Job's own character; (ch. i. 1.) and, probably, he speaks of such upright men especially as had been his intimates and associates. (2.) They are the innocent; not perfectly so, but it is what they aim at, and press toward. Sincerity is evangelical innocency, and they that are upright are said to be innocent from the great transgression, Ps. xix. 13. (3.) They are the righteous, who walk in the way of righteousness. (4.) They have clean hands, kept clean from the gross pollutions of sin, and, when spotted with infirmities, washed with innocency, Ps. xxvi. 6.

2. How they should be affected with the account of Job's troubles. Great inquiry, no doubt, would be made concerning him, and every one would speak of him and his case; and what use will good people make of it?

(1.) It will amaze them; Upright men shall be astonished at this; they will wonder to hear that so good a man as Job should be so grievously afflicted in body, name, and estate; that God should lay his hand so heavy upon him, and that his friends, who ought to have comforted him, should add to his grief; that such a remarkable saint should be such a remarkable sufferer, and so useful a man laid aside in the midst of his usefulness; what shall we say to these things? Upright men, though satisfied, in general, that God is wise and holy in all he does, yet cannot but be astonished at such dispensations of Providence; paradoxes which will not be unfolded till the mystery of God shall be finished.

(2.) It will animate them. Instead of being deterred from, and discouraged in, the service of God, by the hard usage which this faithful servant of God met with, they shall be so much the more imboldened to proceed and persevere in it. That which was St. Paul's care, (1 Thess. iii. 3.) was Job's, that no good man should be moved either from his holiness, or his comfort, by these afflictions, that none should, for the sake hereof, think the worse of the ways or work of God. And that which was St. Paul's comfort, was his too, that the brethren of the Lord would wax confident by his bonds, Philip i. 14. They would hereby be animated,

[1.] To oppose sin, and to confront the corrupt and pernicious inferences which evil men would draw from Job's sufferings, as, That God has forsaken the earth, That it is in vain to serve him; and the like; The innocent shall stir up himself against the hypocrite, will not bear to hear this, (Rev. ii. 2.) but will withstand him to his face; will stir up himself to search into the meaning of such providences, and study these hard chapters, that he may read them readily; will stir up himself to maintain religion's just, but injured, cause against all its opposers. Note, The boldness of the attacks which profane people make upon religion, should sharpen the courage and resolution of its friends and advocates. It is time to stir, when proclamation is made in the gate of the camp, Who is on the Lord's side? When vice is daring, it is no time for virtue, through fear, to hide itself.

[2.] To persevere in religion. The righteous, instead of drawing back, or so much as starting back, at this frightful spectacle, or standing still to deliberate whether he should proceed or no, (allude to 2 Sam. ii. 23.) shall, with so much the more constancy and resolution, hold on his way, and press forward. Though, in me, he foresees that bonds and afflictions abide him, yet none of those things shall move him, Acts xx. 24. Those who keep their eye upon heaven as their end, will keep their feet in the paths of religion as their way, whatever difficulties and discouragements they meet with in it.

[3.] In order thereunto, to grow in grace. He will not only hold on his way notwithstanding, but will grow stronger and stronger, and, by the sight of other good men's trials, and the experience of his own, he will be made more vigorous and lively in his duty, more warm and affectionate, more resolute and undaunted: the worse others are, the better he will be; that which dismays others, imboldens him. The blustering wind makes the traveller gather his cloak the closer about him, and gird it the faster. They that are truly wise and good, will be continually growing wiser and better. Proficiency in religion is a good sign of sincerity in it.

10. But as for you all, do you return, and come now: for I cannot find one wise man among you. 11. My days are past, my purposes are broken off, even the thoughts of my heart. 12. They change the night into day: the light is short because of darkness. 13. If I wait, the grave is my house: I have made my bed in the darkness. 14. I have said to corruption, Thou art my father: to the worm, Thou art my mother and my sister. 15. And where is now my hope? as for my hope, who shall see it? 16. They shall go down to the bars of the, pit, when our rest together is in the dust.

Job's friends had pretended to comfort him with the hopes of his return to a prosperous estate again; now he here shows,

I. That it was their folly to talk so; (v. 10.) "Return, and come now, be convinced that you are in an error, and let me persuade you to be of my mind; for I cannot find any wise man among you, that knows how to explain the difficulties of God's providence, or how to apply the consolations of his promises." Those do not go wisely about the work of comforting the afflicted, who fetch their comforts from the possibility of their recovery and enlargement in this world; though that is not to be despaired of, it is, at the best, uncertain, and if it should fail, as perhaps it may, the comfort built upon it will fail too. It is therefore our wisdom to comfort ourselves, and others, in distress, with that which will not fail, the promise of God, his love and grace, and a well-grounded hope of eternal life.

II. That it would be much more his folly to heed them; for,

1. All his measures were already broken, and he was full of confusion, v. 11, 12. He owns he had, in his prosperity, often pleased himself both with projects of what he should do, and prospects of what he should enjoy; but now that he looked upon his days as past, and drawing towards a period, all those purposes were broken off, and those expectations dashed. He had had thoughts about enlarging his border, increasing his stock, and settling his children, and many pious thoughts, it is likely, of promoting religion in his country, redressing grievances, reforming the profane,


text: Poems (McDonald)/To the Moon

title: Poems (McDonald)/To the Moon


text: Poems (McDonald)/The Maiden to her Mirror


text: Page:Lays and Legends of Germany (1834).djvu/207


text: Page:Lays and Legends of Germany (1834).djvu/303


text:
Page:Plays by Jacinto Benavente - Second series (IA playsbyjacintobe00bena).pdf/16

 this action is entirely psychological and subjective. In life as upon the stage, says Princess Bebé, the real entertainment goes on behind the scenes. "The Bonds of Interest" provides a typical example of this new dramaturgy. Rather than the outward history of the characters, the story becomes the window through which they may be seen, as they react upon each other, and so interpret themselves. The old values are present, but they are changed. The danger which besets the reader of Benavente is not that he will fail to appreciate him, but that he will fail to appreciate him at his proper worth. His drama is a drama of character, not because it is occupied with character, but because it takes place within it, and the conflict is joined in the play and interplay of thought and emotion, of volition and inhibition, of impulse and desire, as they are colored and predetermined by tradition, by heredity, by convention, by education, and all the confused network of motive and prejudice of which conscious assertion of personality is but a part. This is the struggle of modern life, which takes place in the individual consciousness, as it accommodates itself to the complex of society and of fixed environment, the denouement of which is already foreshadowed in the mind before it is projected, imperfectly and fragmentarily, into the region of deeds and of fact.

Drama so subtle that it hovers continually among the shadows of the subliminal self, might appear to be far divorced from the stage. Yet, in reality, Benavente is one of the most theatric of writers. It must not be forgotten that he was an actor, and that as an actor he began at the bottom. The tricks of the pantomimist, the directness of the low comedian and the clown, lie at the foundation of his dramatic training. The clown's art is very simple; it is dependent upon the immediateness of the audience's response. In the popular theatres and beside the circus ring, Benavente learned that any effect may be achieved in the theatre which is capable of immediate perception—it makes no matter how subtle, how elusive the idea, so long as it is perceived. All of his effects, if they are perceived at all, are perceived easily. "The most agreeable, as well as the most artistic, expression of force is lightness." He has been enabled to ignore the common precepts of craftsmanship because of his intimate knowledge of the small change, the minor symbols of the


text:
Page:Plays by Jacinto Benavente - Second series (IA playsbyjacintobe00bena).pdf/17

 actor's calling, which have made possible to him endless vnstas of variety and of picturesque suggestion. The task of the actor in the Benaventian theatre is to place his finger upon these minor effects, to catch the thought in the embryo, not so much to convey it as to hint its direction, to reflect the sudden flash, to pursue personality into its hiding-places, at the same time engaging the spectator and luring him along, until, passing over every facet of his subject, always moving, never still, he integrates at last this drama of the spirit with the actualities of the outward life.

"No Smoking," the first comedy included in this Second Series, is a study in obvious types and in vulgar mentality. The anecdote upon which it turns has long been familiar in Spanish, having been employed in various forms by other writers, among them by Palacio Valdés, but it is distinguished here by the singular vigor and force of the characterization, which is almost fleshly in the sense of bodily presence conveyed. The piece was contributed to the Teatro Lara, Madrid, in 1904, upon the occasion of the benefit of the comedienne Leocadia Alba.

"The Governor's Wife," acted at the Teatro de la Comedia in the same city three years previously, is a mordant satire, associated with the name of the actress, Rosario Pino, who created the rôle of Josefina. The political life of the provinces, compact of unsavory intrigue, and dominated by the perpetual pressure of the strong arm of caciquismo, or the boss system, will be found to be mirrored exactly both in incident and in atmosphere. The satire, however, never becomes utilitarian, nor does it concern itself with what is called in the literary phrase "the castigation of follies and vices." Rather than satiric, the play is profoundly ironic, descending quickly from the sphere of institutions and of politics to that of the personalities which underlie and explain them. Nowhere else has the author shown a keener eye for the niceties of human imperfection, or been so sceptical of the grip of virtue upon the line of salvation.

Upon the technical side, the comedy is interesting as an example of objective realism. It is a fabric of infinite detail, of detail heaped upon detail. In the first act, in particular, the incidents are approximately all of equal value, nor have


text:
Index talk:Lays and Legends of Germany (1834).djvu

Authors
After most (but not all) stories, Thoms lists the author and source, as well as other details about the tale. He doesn't always get the name of the original author though: for example, many of the stories he took from Büsching's Volks-Sagen, Märchen und Legenden, were taken by Büsching from other sources.

-- Yodin T 15:54, 7 February 2024 (UTC)
 * 1) "Legends of the Kyffhauser Mountain" by Heinrich Kornmann: "Der Kyffhäuser"
 * 2) "The Old Knights’ Cellar in the Kyffhauser" by Johann Karl Christoph Nachtigal: "Der Ritter-Keller"
 * 3) "The Golden Knops of Flax" by Johann Karl Christoph Nachtigal: "Die goldnen Flachsknoten"
 * 4) "The Wonderful Flower" by Johann Karl Christoph Nachtigal: "Die Wunderblume"
 * 5) "The Goatherd" by Johann Karl Christoph Nachtigal: "Der Ziegenhirt"
 * 6) "The Old New Married Couple" by Friedrich Gottschalck: "Das gealterte Brautpaar"
 * 7) "The Enchanted Emperor" by Georg Henning Behrens: "Der verzauberte Kaiser"
 * 8) "The Shepherd and the Emperor" by Georg Henning Behrens: "Der Schäfer und der Kaiser"
 * 9) "The Emperor and the Musician" by Friedrich Gottschalck: "Der Kaiser und die Musikanten"
 * 10) "The Enchanted Emperor" by Johann Karl Christoph Nachtigal: "Der verzauberte Kaiser"
 * 11) "Song of the Unfaithful Maiden" by Johann Gottfried von Herder: "Das Lied vom eifersüchtigen Knaben"
 * 12) "Gaffer Death" by the Brothers Grimm: "Der Gevatter Tod" (from Kinder- und Hausmärchen)
 * 13) "Lay of the Young Count" by Johann Gottfried von Herder: "Das Lied vom jungen Grafen"
 * 14) "Brother Merry" by the Brothers Grimm: "Bruder Lustig" (from Kinder- und Hausmärchen)
 * 15) "Leonora" unknown author: "Lenore" (collected in Des Knaben Wunderhorn)
 * 16) "Maiden of Boyneburg" by the Brothers Grimm: "Fräulein von Boyneburg" (from Deutsche Sagen)
 * 17) "St. Andrew’s Night" by the Brothers Grimm: "Andreasnacht" (from Deutsche Sagen)
 * 18) "The Little Shroud" by the Brothers Grimm: "Das Totenhemdchen" (from Kinder- und Hausmärchen)
 * 19) "The Little Shroud" by Letitia Elizabeth Landon: "The Little Shroud"
 * 20) "Ulrich and Annie" by Johann Gottfried von Herder: "Das Lied vom jungen Grafen"
 * 21) "The Sexton of Magdeburgh" by Johann Gustav Gottlieb Büsching: "Der Wink Gottes" – Büsching seems to be claiming to have collected this story himself
 * 22) "The Mannikin and the Three Princesses" by the Brothers Grimm: "Dat Erdmänneken" (from Kinder- und Hausmärchen)
 * 23) "Of One That Went Forth to Learn to be Afraid" by the Brothers Grimm: "Märchen von einem, der auszog das Fürchten zu lernen" (from Kinder- und Hausmärchen)
 * 24) "Abstract of the Romance of the Horny Siegfried" – Thoms says that this is an "extract [...] made from a comparison between the common chap-book, one of the most popular of the German story-books, and the original poem, which is preserved in “v. der Hagen’s Heldenbuch inder Ursprache,” Theil 2". The poem's source seems to be Friedrich Heinrich von der Hagen's Der Helden Buch in der Ursprache herausgegeben volume 2 (1825), which is said to be a reprint of Kaspar von der Rhön's Dresden Heldenbuch (1472). Would be interesting to see what the common chap-book is, if the author is known, and how close the text is to this – is this a new text with Thoms as the author, drawing on two sources, or is he translating parts of both of them, and merging them together (in which case, probably the original authors should be given, with Thoms credited either as a third author, or its editor?) Either way, would be good to add the sources that Thoms mentions to the section header. The Wikipedia article is Lied vom Hürnen Seyfrid, which describes the poems, and subsequent prose versions.
 * 25) "The Stolen Pennies" by the Brothers Grimm: "Der gestohlene Heller" (from Kinder- und Hausmärchen)
 * 26) "The Haunted Castle" by Johann Karl Christoph Nachtigal: "Die Dummburg"
 * 27) "The Romance of Tyll Eulenspiegel; or, Howleglas" – Thoms says this was reprinted from "an old English version [... a] translation printed by Copeland, now among the Garrick Plays in the British Museum". Would be interesting to see which Copeland edition this is from (there are two editions in what is now the British Library), how accurate the transcription is (has Thoms edited it?), whether it's a translation or a retelling, and if it's a translation, whether the source text (and the source text's author) is known.
 * 28) "The Legend of Daniel’s Cave" by Johann Karl Christoph Nachtigal: "Die Daneels-Höle"
 * 29) "Rebundus in the Cathedral of Lubeck" by the Brothers Grimm: "Rebundus im Dom zu Lübeck" (from Deutsche Sagen)
 * 30) "The Elves" by Christian August Vulpius: "Die Erdgeister"  – on the contents page, Vulpius says "Ueber die Quellen der Erzählungen dieser Art, wird in der Folge weitläuftig gesprochen werden." ('The sources of stories of this type will be discussed at length below.'), so worth finding this, and seeing whether he's reprinting the stories, or has retold them, and is just discussing the sources of inspiration.
 * 31) "The Lord of Falkenstein" by Johann Gottfried von Herder: "Das Lied vom Herrn von Falkenstein"
 * 32) * "Caliogius or Calichirius, Lord of Falkenstein": Thoms' note includes an extract from "Die Gründung des Klosters Schlägel" by Friedrich Gottschalck via Büsching's Volks-Sagen, Märchen und Legenden
 * 33) "The Story of the Popanz" by Johann Gustav Gottlieb Büsching: "Das Mährchen vom Popanz" – Büsching seems to be claiming to have collected this story
 * 34) "The Kobold in the Mill" by the Brothers Grimm: "Der Kobold in der Mühle" (from Deutsche Sagen)
 * 35) "The Three Serpent Leaves" by the Brothers Grimm: "Die drei Schlangenblätter" (from Kinder- und Hausmärchen)
 * 36) "The Hunter Hackelnberg and the Tut Osel" by Johann Karl Christoph Nachtigal: "Hackelnberg"
 * 37) "The Bottle Imp" by the Brothers Grimm: "Der Geist im Glas" (from Kinder- und Hausmärchen)
 * 38) "The Legend of Paracelsus" – a translation of the story from the Brothers Grimm's note to "The Bottle-Imp". This note was also translated by Hunt, which means a translations page for the note would be helpful. The note says the story "is very well told in the Morgenblatt (1817, p. 231)"; Thoms seems to assume that the rest of the note is a direct quote of the Morgenblatt article. Should be possible to trace the Morgenblatt article (and its author if credited/known), to see if it really is quoted by the Grimms, or if they retold it, which will determine who to credit as the author; either way would be good to cite and link to the article as well as the note. However, according to the de.ws Morgenblatt page, the January–June 1817 scans are missing, and it doesn't seem to be in the July–December 1817 issues. The British Library may have a copy, but it's not available as of Feb 2024.
 * 39) "Sir Tannhauser" by Christian August Vulpius: "Ritter Tannhäußer und der treue Eckart"
 * 40) "The Ancient Ballad of Sir Tannhauser" by Heinrich Kornmann: "Der Tannhäuser" (collected in Des Knaben Wunderhorn)
 * 41) "Pepin" by Gottlieb Konrad Pfeffel: "Pipin"  – Thoms says he "is indebted to a friend for the present translation, which is taken from 's version", so Thoms is not the translator (should be noted in the section header when transcluding this).
 * 42) "Honesty is the Best Policy" by Johann Karl Christoph Nachtigal: "Ehrlich währt am längsten!"
 * 43) "The Smith of Apolda" by William John Thoms – Thoms says that it "is an amplification of one of the many similar tales, which are briefly related by the Brothers  in the 3d volume of their Kinder und Haus Marchen (s. 135–149), in their note upon the story of “De Spielhansel”", and that "it should be observed that The Smith of Apolda was first printed in “The Original.”" – this magazine doesn't give any context, nor mentions that it's a translation; it is signed "W. I. T." – presumably a "witty" form of William John Thoms' initials ('I' being equivalent to 'J' in Latin). The Grimms' note was translated here, with the eighth story being the "saga of the Smith of Apolda". As the poem is clearly inspired by the story, and not a direct translation, Thoms should be credited as the author, and the Grimm footnote mentioned in the section header.
 * 44) "The Riddle" by the Brothers Grimm: "Das Rätsel" (from Kinder- und Hausmärchen)
 * 45) "The Green Robe" by the Brothers Grimm: "Der Teufel Grünrock" (from Kinder- und Hausmärchen)
 * 46) "Hans Jagenteufel" by the Brothers Grimm: "Hans Jagenteufel" (from Deutsche Sagen)
 * 47) "Jacob Nimmernuchtern" by Johann Karl Christoph Nachtigal: "Jakob Nimmernüchtern"
 * 48) "The Lady of Weissenberg" by unknown authors: "Die Frau von Weissenburg" – from Büsching's Volks-Sagen, Märchen und Legenden, taken from Meißner and Canzler's Für ältere Litteratur und neuere Lectüre (1783)  who had taken the poem from Brotuff's Historia Martisbvrgica (1606)  and the introduction from an old manuscript. The poem was also included in Des Knaben Wunderhorn.
 * 49) * "Adelaide, the Lady of Weissenberg" by Melissantes: "Ludwig der Springer" from Das erneuerte Alterthum (1721), spelling updated by Büsching
 * 50) (missing from index) "The Monks and the Fishermen" by the Brothers Grimm: "Die überschiffenden Mönche" (from Deutsche Sagen)
 * 51) "Legends of Rubezahl; or Number Nip" by Praetorius, edited by Johann Gustav Gottlieb Büsching: "Erzählungen vom Rübezahl"
 * 52) "Rubezahl transforms himself into an Ass" by Praetorius (3rd edition, 1668, volume 1, pages 232–237)  – Büsching omits some of the first part of this section, and the text has more editing by Büsching than just updating spellings, but still seems to be changing conjunctions, etc. and the nouns, verbs, adjectives seem to be the same; I would say it was by Praetorius, edited by Büsching
 * 53) "Rubezahl makes a fool of a Noble" by Praetorius (3rd edition, 1668, volume 1, pages 275–277)  – Büsching is very close to the original
 * 54) "Rubezahl sells Pigs" by Praetorius (3rd edition, 1668, volume 1, pages 284–285)  – first sentence is quite heavily edited by Büsching, the rest seems very close to the original
 * 55) "How Rubezahl entertained a Party of Guests" by Praetorius (3rd edition, 1668, volume 1, pages 285–292)  – Büsching seems very close to the original
 * 56) "Rubezahl gives orders for a Cloak" by Praetorius (1671 edition, volume 2(?), pages 20–26)  – Büsching edits the start of the first sentence (in Praetorius this seems to follow on from the story preceding it), seems to follow the rest closely, but also omits at least one part (an aside at the end of page 24)
 * 57) "Rubezahl turns Wood-cutter" by Praetorius (1671 edition, volume 2(?), pages 42–45)  – Büsching edits the start and end extensively, follows the text reasonably through the middle, but omits or edits parts as he goes
 * 58) "Rubezahl changes himself into a Spear" by Praetorius (1671 edition, volume 2(?), pages 183–188)  – the parts that I checked (start and end) seem identical in Praetorius and Büsching
 * 59) "Rubezahl changes Leaves into Ducats" by Praetorius (1673 edition, pages 248–254)  – the 1671 edition (which Büsching seems to say this is from, pages 248–254) seems to end on page 232; Büsching's text seems very close to a 1673 edition (there seem to be several edition from Leipzig this year alone) which has this story at the pages specified by Büsching; Büsching omits the first page and a half, but then follows the text very closely
 * 60) (misnumbered 40) "The Knight on the Black Horse" traditional, collected by Johann Heinrich Jung: "Zu Kindelsberg auf dem hohen Schloß"  – translation is taken from The London Magazine vol 3, p. 150 (1821), and doesn't seem to be signed/credited in any of its three parts; I can't find it in the Curran Index or anywhere else (author also seems to be unknown in this book). Worth adding the Jung source text, and the London Magazine article to the section header, crediting the author as traditional, and translator as anonymous.
 * 61) (misnumbered 41) "The Frog King; or Iron Henry" by the Brothers Grimm: "Der Froschkönig oder der eiserne Heinrich" (from Kinder- und Hausmärchen)
 * 62) (misnumbered 42) "The Flaming Castle" by the Brothers Grimm: "Weberndes Flammenschloß" (from Deutsche Sagen)
 * 63) (misnumbered 43) "The Wehr Wolf" by the Brothers Grimm: "Der Werwolf" (from Deutsche Sagen)
 * 64) (misnumbered 44) "The Juniper-Tree" by Philipp Otto Runge: "Von dem Machandelboom" – this story was collected by Runge, and included in both Büsching's Volks-Sagen, Märchen und Legenden, and the Grimms' Kinder- und Hausmärchen; according to Ashliman, the Büsching and Grimm versions are "somewhat different".
 * 65) (misnumbered 45) "The Crystal Ball" by the Brothers Grimm: "Kristallschauen" (from Deutsche Sagen)
 * 66) (misnumbered 46) "The Maiden without Hands" by the Brothers Grimm: "Das Mädchen ohne Hände" (from Kinder- und Hausmärchen)
 * 67) "The Three Miners of Kuttenberg" by the Brothers Grimm: "Die drei Bergleute im Kuttenberg" (from Deutsche Sagen)
 * 68) "Doctor All-Wise" by the Brothers Grimm: "Doktor Allwissend" (from Kinder- und Hausmärchen)

Reprints from The Original
Thoms mentions in his note to "The Little Shroud" on p.43:
 * "This tale was originally translated from Grimm's K. u. Haus- Marchen, Bd. 2. s. 118, for “,” a little weekly paper, in the management of which the translator bore a share, and which was doomed to a short life, though a merry one. The story of Brother Merry was translated from the same periodical; and the outline of the introductory notice to the present volume first appeared there. It has, of course, been re-written and amplified for the present occasion."

And on p.171:
 * "It should be observed that The Smith of Apolda was first printed in “The Original.”"

The reprints that I've been able to find so far are: -- Yodin T 14:18, 7 February 2024 (UTC)
 * "The Smith of Apolda" (pp.9, 24–25) – with illustrations [3 March 1832, 10 March 1832]
 * "The Legendary: No 1: Introductory Notice" (pp.9–10) [3 March 1832]
 * "The Legendary: No 1: The Little Shroud" (p.10) [3 March 1832]
 * "The Legendary: No 2: The Dwarfs" (p.39) [17 March 1832] – in this book as "The Elves"
 * "The Legendary: No 3: The Bottle-Imp" (pp.56–57) [24 March 1832] – with illustration
 * "The Legendary: No 4" is an Arabian story, and so not included in this book [31 March 1832]
 * "The Legendary: No 5: The Riddle" (pp.85–86) [7 April 1832]
 * "The Legendary: No 6: The Goat-Herd" (p.103) [14 April 1832]
 * "The Legendary: No 7: The Green Robe" (p.118) [21 April 1832]
 * "Eulenspiegel, or Howleglas" (p.119) [21 April 1832]
 * "The Legendary: No 8: Brother Merry" (pp.133–135, 148–149) [28 April 1832, 5 May 1832]
 * "The Little Shroud" by L.E.L. (pp.149–150) [5 May 1832]
 * "The Legendary: No 9: The Three Miners of Kuttenberg" (p.182) [19 May 1832]
 * "The Legendary: No 10: The Sexton of Magdeburgh" (p.231) [9 June 1832]
 * "The Legendary: No 11: Of One That Went Forth to Learn to be Afraid" (pp.262–263, 281–282) [23 June 1832, 30 June 1832]

Illustrations
This scan has six illustrations. The "frontispiece" scan before the title page looks like it was moved there in this copy from its original position before p.235; all other illustrations are next to the page of the story that they illustrate. This is made even more likely because the story it illustrates is from Germany: Part 3, which was published several months after the title page from Germany: Part 1, and also because it would fit with their being two illustrations per part (just as there were two illustrations each for France, Spain, Ireland, and Tartary). Scans of other copies of this work vary; some have the same illustration used as frontispiece (e.g. another NYP copy, UCal), while others place it next to p.235 with a different illustration used as a frontispiece (e.g. Vienna, Harvard). It's possible that the publishers/booksellers/bookbinders chose different illustrations to use as a frontispiece at different times, perhaps especially when the original publisher had gone bankrupt, and the remaining copies were sold in two volumes. If each issue had its own frontispiece, you would expect to find them placed before the first page of each part; instead only one illustration seems to be moved in each volume, often from later issues rather than the first part.

In terms of artists, I can't find a signature in the two illustrations from Part 1 (or France, Spain, or Ireland), but the illustrations for Parts 2 and 3 (and Tartary) are all signed "Findlay". This could be Alexander George Findlay (1812–1875), or his father Alexander Findlay (1790–1870), both engravers. -- Yodin T 16:19, 10 February 2024 (UTC)


text: Poems (McDonald)/Constancy

title: Poems (McDonald)/Constancy


text: Poems (McDonald)/To Annie

title: Poems (McDonald)/To Annie


text: Poems (McDonald)/Winter

title: Poems (McDonald)/Winter


text:
Page:Plays by Jacinto Benavente - Second series (IA playsbyjacintobe00bena).pdf/18

 they any conspicuous emotional quality which imparts to them coherence, or lends them unity. The detail has been related, composed, if one will, with exceptional adroitness; nevertheless, the effect arises chiefly from the absolute veracity and minute photographic property of the incidents themselves, by cumulation, as they follow each other in the bustling sequence of a provincial holiday. The material insinuates its significance without interference or interpretation upon the part of the playwright. The living scene appears before the spectator, and he comes to participate in it in so many ways that he is taken off his guard, until he acquires at last a sort of citizenship in the town of Moraleda—that abode of conventional morality—whose people he seems to know casually, as upon the street, or at the café, some fairly well, perhaps, even thoroughly, while there are others whom he scarcely remembers at all. By far the most negative and corrosive of his works, "The Governor's Wife," conjBrmed the misapprehension of Benavente at one time prevalent, as a purely destructive, maliciously clever writer.

"Princess Bebé" and "Autumnal Roses," which complete the volume, on the other hand are serious dramas, of positive content. The former, published in 1905, but withheld from the stage until 1909, is a work composed by the author peculiarly to please himself. "Sometimes I say what I think, sometimes I have regard for the opinion of others." Certain resemblances between events in the play and others not yet forgotten at the Spanish Court tempered in some degree the warmth of its reception when acted by Maria Guerrero and Fernando Díaz de Mendoza during their tenancy of the Teatro Español, although this, indeed, was not surprising when it is considered that the initial performances took place at what was then, to all intents and purposes, the National Court Theatre. "Princess Bebé" is the embodiment of the aspirations and ebullience of youth, boundless in energy, yet tormented with uncertainties and misgivings, the natural hesitations of the mind which has not yet found itself. As a painter of manners, Benavente may here be found at his best. Few plays are so various or contain so much, few disseminate an equal atmosphere of breeding or display like perception of the futile, exacerbated sentimentalities of the prostitute, the criminal, and the


text: Poems (McDonald)/The Love Letter

title: Poems (McDonald)/The Love Letter


text: Poems (McDonald)/A Sigh for the Past

title: Poems (McDonald)/A Sigh for the Past


text: Poems (McDonald)/Serenade

title: Poems (McDonald)/Serenade


text: Page:Lays and Legends of Germany (1834).djvu/243


text:
Page:Lays and Legends of Germany (1834).djvu/236

 must be looked upon as indubitable evidence of their alliance with the arch-fiend. That their ‘black carriages’ was connected with the ‘death coaches’ of popular tradition, is also sufficiently obvious.

Once upon a time a glazier who was travelling across the mountains, feeling very tired from the heavy load of glass which he was carrying, began to look about for a place where he might rest it. Rubezahl, who had been watching for some time, no sooner saw this, than he changed himself into a round heap, which the glazier not long afterwards found by the road side, and on which, well pleased with the discovery, he proposed to seat himself. But his joy was not of long continuance, for he had not sat there many minutes, before the heap vanished from under him so rapidly, that the poor glazier fell to the ground with his glass, which was by the fall smashed into a thousand pieces.

The poor fellow arose from the ground, looked around him, but the mound of earth on which he had before seated himself, was no longer visible. Then he began bitterly to lament, and to sigh with heartfelt sorrow over his untoward fate; and started forth once more on his journey. Upon this, Rubezahl, assuming the appearance of a traveller, accosted him, and enquired ‘Why he so lamented,


text:
Page:Lays and Legends of Germany (1834).djvu/257

 where he, having first clapped an ass’s head on Bottom’s shoulders, exclaims:—


text:
Author:Mary Noel McDonald

Works

 * Poems, 1844

title: Author:Mary Noel McDonald


text:
Page:Plays by Jacinto Benavente - Second series (IA playsbyjacintobe00bena).pdf/19

 degenerate. The heroine is enmeshed in a snare of artificialities, seeking for truth amid environments that are most thoroughly false, from the pretentiousness of the Court through the pretenses of the theatre and the mimicries of the demi-monde, down to Bohemia and the underworld, counterfeits which are most deceptive of all.

Simple while it is most complex, brilliant in wit yet engagingly human, exact in portraiture yet at every moment incomparably suggestive, "Princess Bebé" floats before the eyes of the spectator like a web of delusions so transparent that they become luminous as truth. If the basis of reality when disclosed seems little more substantial than the unreality of appearances, it must be remembered in mitigation that the hopes of youth are high. In the words of Professor Federico de Onís, "this type of comprehensive interpretation, which plumbs the evil in humanity later to affirm the idealistic, has been the essence of what is called Spanish realism; it is the æsthetic conception of Vel*azquez and of Cervantes. The work of Benavente is a modern form of the same conception, and is, therefore, essentially Spanish in spirit." It is strange to one familiar with the national history that the modern Spanish writers who have attracted most attention abroad should have been those of the florid tradition of Murillo and of Calder*on, of Echegaray, and of Blasco Ib*añez, rather than of the high Castilian stock.

"Autumnal Roses," presented at the Teatro Español in 1905, is a comedy of Madrid life. Even before he is a Spaniard, Benavente is a Madrileno. He has drawn in this play a veracious picture of the financial circles of the capital city, of the manners of the upper middle class, which is exceptional in its simplicity. No drama could be more innocent of adventitious appeal, yet during the decade which followed its production, "Autumnal Roses" has assumed by common consent a foremost place in the contemporary Spanish theatre. It is characteristic of Benavente's plays that they grow upon the mind; not only by repetition, but through the subtlety of its charm, each succeeding play seems to cast some reflection upon and to illuminate unsuspected recesses in those which have preceded it. Properly, the comedy is the complement, or, in a sense, the sequel to "Princess Bebé," which it follows almost directly in order


text:
Page:Satyagraha in South Africa.pdf/59

While considering the position of Indians in the previous chapters, we have seen to some extent how they withstood the attacks made upon them. In order, however, to give an adequate idea of the origin of Satyagraha, it is necessary to devote special space to the endeavours made with a view to defend Indian interests in the pre-Satyagraha days.

Up till 1893 there were hardly any free and well-educated Indians in South Africa capable of espousing the Indian cause. English-knowing Indians were mostly clerks whose knowledge of English was only commensurate with the needs of their occupation and not adequate to drafting representations, and who, again, must give all their time to their employers. A second group of English-educated Indians was composed of such of them as were born in South Africa. They were mostly the descendants of indentured labourers, and if at all qualified for the work, were in Government service as interpreters in law courts. Thus they were not in a position to help the Indian cause beyond expressing their fellow-feeling.

Again, indentured and ex-indentured labourers hailed mainly from Uttar Pradesh and Madras State, while, as we have already seen, the Musalmans mostly traders and the Hindus mostly clerks, who chiefly represented the class of free Indians, belonged to Gujarat. Besides there were a few Parsi traders and clerks, but the total population of Parsis in South Africa did not probably exceed thirty or forty souls. A fourth group among free Indians was composed of Sindhi traders. There were two hundred or more Sindhis in South Africa. Wherever the Sindhi has settled outside India he deals in ‘fancy goods,’ namely, silks and brocades, carved boxes and other

title: Page:Satyagraha in South Africa.pdf/59


text:
Page:Satyagraha in South Africa.pdf/60

 furniture made of ebony, sandalwood and ivory and similar goods. His customers are mainly Europeans.

Indentured labourers were called ‘coolies’ by the Europeans. A ‘coolie’ means a porter. The expression was used so extensively that the indentured labourers began to describe themselves as ‘coolies.’ Hundreds of Europeans called Indian lawyers and Indian traders ‘coolie’ lawyers and ‘coolie’ traders. There were some Europeans who were unable to perceive or believe that the name implied an insult, but many used it as a term of deliberate contempt. Free Indians, therefore, tried to differentiate themselves from the indentured labourers. For this and other reasons peculiar to conditions in India, a distinction was sought to be drawn in South Africa between indentured and freed labourers on the one handand free Indians on the other.

Free Indians and especially the Musalman traders undertook to resist the wrongs detailed above, but no direct attempt was made to seek the co-operation of the indentured and ex-indentured labourers. Probably it did not occur to any one to enlist their support; if the idea did suggest itself to some, there was in their opinion the risk of making matters worse by allowing them to join the movement. And as it was considered that the free traders were the chief target of attack, the measures for defence were limited to that class. It can be truly said that free Indians fought well against difficulties, seeing that they were thus seriously handicapped, that they were ignorant of English, and that they had had no experience of public work in India. They sought the help of European barristers, had petitions prepared, waited upon the authorities on some occasions in deputations, and did what they could to mend matters. This was the state of things up till 1893.

It will be helpful to the reader to bear some important dates in mind. Before 1893 Indians had been hounded out of the Orange Free State. In the Transvaal, Law 3 of 1885 was in force. In Natal, measures, calculated to enable only indentured labourers to live in the colony

title: Page:Satyagraha in South Africa.pdf/60


text: Index:Poems Osgood.djvu

title: Index:Poems Osgood.djvu


text:
Page:Satyagraha in South Africa.pdf/61

 and to turn out the rest, were under contemplation, and responsible government had been achieved to that end.

I left India for South Africa in April, 1893. I had no idea of the previous history of the Indian emigrants. I went there on a purely professional visit. A well-known firm of Porbandar Memans then carried on trade in Durban under the name and style of Dada Abdulla. An equally well-known and rival firm traded at Pretoria under the designation of Taib Haji Khanmamad. Unfortunately, an important law-suit was pending between the rivals. A partner of the firm of Dada Abdulla who was in Porbandar thought that it would help their case if they engaged me and sent me to South Africa. I had been just called to the bar and was quite a novice in the profession, but he had no fear of my mishandling their case, as he did not want me to conduct the case in the court but only to instruct the able South African lawyers they had retained. I was fond of novel experiences. I loved to see fresh fields and pastures new. It was disgusting to have to give commission to those who brought me work. The atmosphere of intrigue in Saurashtra was choking to me. The engagement was only for one year. I did not see any objection to my accepting it. I had nothing to lose as Messrs Dada Abdulla expressed their willingness to pay my travelling expenses as well as the expenses that would be incurred in South Africa and a fee of one hundred and five pounds. This arrangement had been made through my elder brother, now deceased, who was as father to me. For me his will was a command. He liked the idea of my going to South Africa. So I reached Durban in May 1893.

Being a barrister-at-law, I was well dressed according to rny lights and landed at Durban with a due sense of my importance. But I was soon disillusioned. The partner of Dada Abdulla who had engaged me had given me an account of what things were like in Natal. But what I saw there with my own eyes absolutely belied his misleading picture. My informant was, however, not to blame. He was a frank, simple man, ignorant of the real state of affairs. He had no idea of the hardships to which

title: Page:Satyagraha in South Africa.pdf/61


text: Page:Poems Osgood.djvu/1

title: Page:Poems Osgood.djvu/1


text: Page:Poems Osgood.djvu/2

title: Page:Poems Osgood.djvu/2


text:
Page:Satyagraha in South Africa.pdf/62

 Indians were subjected in Natal. Conditions which implied grave insult had not appeared to him in that light. I observed on the very first day that the Europeans meted out most insulting treatment to Indians.

I will not describe my bitter experience in the courts within a fortnight of my arrival, the hardships I encountered on railway trains, the thrashings I received on the way and the difficulty in and the practical impossibility of securing accommodation in hotels. Suffice it to say, that all these experiences sank in me. I had gone there only for a single case prompted by self-interest and curiosity. During the first year, therefore, I was merely the witness and the victim of these wrongs. I then awoke to a sense of my duty. I saw that from the standpoint of self-interest South Africa was no good to me. Not only did I not desire but I had a positive aversion to earning money or sojourning in a country where I was insulted. I was on the horns of a dilemma. Two courses were open to me. I might either free myself from the contract with Messrs Dada Abdulla on the ground that circumstances had come to my knowledge which had not been disclosed to me before, and run back to India. Or I might bear all hardships and fulfil my engagement. I was pushed out of the train by a police constable at Maritzburg, and the train having left, was sitting in the waiting room, shivering in the bitter cold. I did not know where my luggage was, nor did I dare to inquire of anybody, lest I might be insulted and assaulted once again. Sleep was out of the question. Doubt took possession of my mind. Late at night, I came to the conclusion that to run back to India would be cowardly. I must accomplish what I had undertaken. I must reach Pretoria, without minding insults and even assaults. Pretoria was my goal. The case was being fought out there. I made up my mind to take some steps, if that was possible, side by side with my work. This resolution somewhat pacified and strengthened me but I did not get any sleep.

Next morning I wired to the firm of Dada Abdulla and to the General Manager of the Railway. Replies were

title: Page:Satyagraha in South Africa.pdf/62


text: Page:Poems Osgood.djvu/3

title: Page:Poems Osgood.djvu/3


text: Page:Poems Osgood.djvu/4

title: Page:Poems Osgood.djvu/4


text: Page:Poems Osgood.djvu/5

title: Page:Poems Osgood.djvu/5


text: Page:Poems Osgood.djvu/6

title: Page:Poems Osgood.djvu/6


text: Page:Poems Osgood.djvu/7

title: Page:Poems Osgood.djvu/7


text:
Page:Satyagraha in South Africa.pdf/63

 received from both. Dada Abdulla and his partner Sheth Abdulla Haji Adam Jhaveri who was then in Natal took strong measures. They wired to their Indian agents in various places to look after me. They likewise saw the General Manager. The Indian traders of Maritzburg came to see me in response to the telegram received by the local agent. They tried to comfort me and told me that all of them had had the same bitter experiences as myself, but they did not mind such things, being habituated to them. Trade and sensitiveness could ill go together. They had therefore made it a principle to pocket insults as they might pocket cash. They told me how Indians could not enter the railway station by the main gate and how difficult it was for them to purchase tickets. I left for Pretoria the same night. The Almighty Searcher of all hearts put my determination to a full test. I suffered further insults and received more beatings on my way to Pretoria. But all this only confirmed me in my determination.

Thus in 1893, I obtained full experience of the condition of Indians in South Africa. But I did nothing beyond occasionally talking with the Indians in Pretoria on the subject. It appeared to me that to look after the firm’s case and to take up the question of the Indian grievances in South Africa at the same time was impossible. I could see that trying to do both would be to ruin both. 1894 was thus already upon us. I returned to Durban and prepared to return to India. At the farewell entertainment held by Dada Abdulla, some one put a copy of the Natal Mercury in my hands. I read it and found that the detailed report of the proceedings of the Natal Legislative Assembly contained a few lines under the caption ‘Indian Franchise.’ The local Government was about to introduce a Bill to disfranchise Indians, which could only be the beginning of the end of what little rights they were then enjoying. The speeches made at the time left no doubt about the intention of the Government. I read the report to the traders and others present and explained the situation to them as best I could. I was not in possession

title: Page:Satyagraha in South Africa.pdf/63


text:
Page:Satyagraha in South Africa.pdf/64

 of all the facts. I suggested that the Indians should strenuously resist this attack on their rights. They agreed but declared their inability to fight the battle themselves and urged me to stay on. I consented to stay a month or so longer by which time the struggle would be fought out. The same night I drew up a petition to be presented to the Legislative Assembly. A telegram was sent to the Government requesting a delay of proceedings. A committee was appointed at once with Sheth Haji Adam as chairman and the telegram was sent in his name. The further reading of the Bill was postponed for two days. That petition was the first ever sent by the Indians to a South African legislature. It did create an impression although it failed to defeat the Bill, the later history of which I have narrated in chapter Four. This was the South African Indians’ first experience of such agitation, and a new thrill of enthusiasm passed through the community. Meetings were held every day and more and more persons attended them. The requisite funds were over-subscribed. Many volunteers helped in preparing copies, securing signatures and similar work without any remuneration. There were others who both worked and subscribed to the funds. The descendants of the ex-indentured Indians joined the movement with alacrity. They knew English and wrote a fine hand. They did copying and other work ungrudgingly day and night. Within a month a memorial with ten thousand signatures was forwarded to Lord Ripon, and the immediate task I had set before myself was done.

I asked for leave to return home. But the agitation had aroused such keen interest among the Indians that they would not let me go. They said: “You yourself have explained to us that this is the first step taken with a view to our ultimate extinction. Who knows whether the Colonial Secretary will return a favourable reply to our memorial? You have witnessed our enthusiasm. We are willing and ready to work. We have funds too. But for want of a guide, what little has been done will go for nothing. We therefore think it is your duty to stay on.”

title: Page:Satyagraha in South Africa.pdf/64


text:
Page:Three Years in Tibet.djvu/145

115 water, I found there the dry bed of a river, strewn with white pebbles glittering in the sun! Then I could not help imagining myself to be a mere shadow, wandering in mad quest of a soothing draught in the hot region of the nether world, where all water turned into lire when brought to the mouth. Once more I stood me up to my full length, and looked round for water; but none could be seen, nothing but some blades of grass growing here and there to the height of about five or six inches. I could do nothing but endure the thirst, and wend my way on in the direction I had chosen— north-west. After proceeding for some distance, I once more thought that I perceived a body of water in the midst of another desert of sand, but on coming to the spot the glittering specks of sand once more disillusioned me only to intensify my thirst.

title: Page:Three Years in Tibet.djvu/145


text:
Page:Satyagraha in South Africa.pdf/65

 I also felt that it would be well if a permanent organization was formed to watch Indian interests. But where was I to live and how? They offered me a regular salary, but I expressly declined. One may not receive a large salary for public work. Besides I was a pioneer. According to my notions at the time, I thought I should live in a style usual for barristers and reflecting credit on the community, and that would mean great expense. It would be improper to depend for my maintenance upon a body whose activities would necessitate a public appeal for funds, and my power of work would be thereby crippled. For this and similar reasons I flatly refused to accept remuneration for public work. But I suggested that I was prepared to stay if the principal traders among them could see their way to give me legal work and give me retainers for it beforehand. The retainers might be for a year. We might deal with each other for that period, examine the results, and then continue the arrangement if both parties were agreeable. This suggestion was cordially accepted by all.

I applied for admission as an advocate of the Supreme Court of Natal. The Natal Law Society opposed my application on the sole ground that the law did not contemplate that coloured barristers should be placed on the roll. The late Mr Escombe, the famous advocate, who was Attorney-General and afterwards also Premier of Natal, was my counsel. The prevailing practice for a long time was that the leading barrister should present such applications without any fees, and Mr Escombe advocated my cause accordingly. He was also Senior Counsel for my employers. The Senior Court over-ruled the Law Society’s objection, and granted my application. Thus the Law Society’s opposition brought me into further prominence without their wishing it. The newspapers of South Africa ridiculed the Law Society and some of them even congratulated me.

The temporary committee was placed on a permanent footing. I had never attended a session of the Indian National Congress, but had read about it. I had seen

title: Page:Satyagraha in South Africa.pdf/65


text:
Page:Satyagraha in South Africa.pdf/66

 Dadabhai, the Grand Old Man of India and admired him. I was therefore a Congress devotee, and wished to popularize the name. Inexperienced as I was, I did not try to find out a new name. I was also afraid of committing a mistake. So I advised the Indians to call their organization the Natal Indian Congress. I laid before them very imperfectly what meagre knowledge I had of the Indian National Congress. Anyhow the Natal Indian Congress was founded about May 1894. There was this difference between the Indian and the Natal Congress, that the latter organization worked throughout the year and those who paid an annual subscription of at least three pounds were admitted to membership. Amounts exceeding that sum were gratefully received. Endeavours were made to obtain the maximum amount from each member. There were about half a dozen members who paid twenty-four pounds a year. There was a considerable number of those paying twelve pounds. About three hundred members were enrolled in a month. They included Hindus, Musalmans. Parsis and Christians, and came from all Indian States that were represented in Natal. The work proceeded with great vigour throughout the first year. The well-to-do traders went about far off villages in their own conveyances, enrolling new members and collecting subscriptions. Everybody did not pay for the mere asking. Some required to be persuaded. This persuasion was a sort of political training, and made people acquainted with the facts of the situation. Again, a meeting of the Congress was held at least once a month, when detailed accounts were presented and adopted. Current events were explained and recorded in the minute-book. Members asked various questions. Fresh subjects were considered. The advantage of all this was that those who never spoke at such meetings got accustomed to do so. The speeches again must be in proper form. All this was a novel experience. The community was deeply interested. In the meanwhile the welcome news came that Lord Ripon had disallowed the Disfranchising Bill, and this redoubled their zeal and self-confidence.

title: Page:Satyagraha in South Africa.pdf/66


text:
Page:Poems Osgood.djvu/8

 Page 111

title: Page:Poems Osgood.djvu/8


text:
Page:Kalevala (Kirby 1907) v2.djvu/105

Runo XXXIII]

Not on Ilmarinen’s household,

Least of all upon the mistress,

For the mistress lives luxurious,

And the wheaten-bread she slices,

And the finest cakes devours,

And she spreads them o’er with butter,

Gives the wretched shepherd dry bread,

Dry crusts only for his chewing,

Only oaten-cake she gives me,

Even this with chaff she mixes,

Even straw she scatters through it,

Gives for food the bark of fir-tree,

Water in a birch-bark bucket,

Upscooped ’mid the grassy hillocks.

March, O sun, and wheat, O wander,

Sink in Jumala’s own season,

Hasten, sun, among the pine-trees,

Wander, wheat, into the bushes,

’Mid the junipers, O hasten,

Fly thou to the plains of alder,

Lead thou then the herdsman homeward,

Give him butter from the barrel,

Let him eat the freshest butter,

Over all the cakes extending.”

But the wife of Ilmarinen

While the shepherd was lamenting,

And while Kullervo was singing,

Ate the butter from the barrel,

And she ate the freshest butter,

And upon the cakes she spread it,

And hot soup had she made ready,

But for Kullervo cold cabbage,

Whence the dog the fat had eaten,

And the black dog made a meal from,

And the spotted dog been sated,

And the brown dog had sufficient.

From the branch there sang a birdling,

Sang a small bird from the bushes,

“Time ’tis for the servant’s supper,

O thou orphan boy, ’tis evening.”

title: Page:Kalevala (Kirby 1907) v2.djvu/105


text:
Page:Satyagraha in South Africa.pdf/67

 Side by side with external agitation, the question of internal improvement was also taken up. The Europeans throughout South Africa had been agitating against Indians on the ground of their ways of life. They always argued that the Indians were very dirty and close-fisted. They lived in the same place where they traded. Their houses were mere shanties. They would not spend money even on their own comforts. How could cleanly open-handed Europeans with their multifarious wants compete in trade with such parsimonious and dirty people? Lectures were therefore delivered, debates held, and suggestions made at Congress meetings on subjects such as domestic sanitation, personal hygiene, the necessity of having separate buildings for houses and shops and for well-to-do traders of living in a style befitting their position. The proceedings were conducted in Gujarati.

The reader can see what an amount of practical and political education the Indians thus received. Under the auspices of the Congress, the Natal Indian Educational Association was formed for the benefit of the young Indians, who, being the children of ex-indentured labourers, were born in Natal and spoke English. Its members paid a nominal fee. The chief objects of the Association were to provide a meeting place for those youths, to create in them a love for the mother country and to give them general information about it. It was also intended to impress upon them that free Indians considered them as their own kith and kin, and to create respect for the latter in the minds of the former. The funds of the Congress were large enough to leave a surplus after defraying its expenses. This was devoted to the purchase of land which yields an income to the present day.

I have deliberately entered into all these details, for without them the reader cannot realize how Satyagraha spontaneously sprang into existence and how the Indians went through a natural course of preparation for it. I am compelled to omit the remarkable subsequent history of the Congress, how it was confronted with difficulties, how Government officials attacked it and how it escaped

title: Page:Satyagraha in South Africa.pdf/67


text:
Page:Satyagraha in South Africa.pdf/68

 scatheless from their attacks. But one fact must be placed on record. Steps were taken to save the community from the habit of exaggeration. Attempts were always made to draw their attention to their own shortcomings. Whatever force there was in the arguments of the Europeans was duly acknowledged. Every occasion, when it was possible to co-operate with the Europeans on terms of equality and consistent with self-respect, was heartily availed of. The newspapers were supplied with as much information about the Indian movement as they could publish, and whenever Indians were unfairly attacked in the Press replies were sent to the newspapers concerned.

There was an organization in the Transvaal similar to the Natal Indian Congress but quite independent of it. There were likewise differences in the constitutions of the two bodies into which we need not enter. There was a similar body in Cape Town as well with a constitution different from that of the Natal Congress and the Transvaal Association. Still the activities of all the three bodies were nearly identical.

The Natal Congress completed its first year in the middle of 1895. My work as an advocate met with the approval of my clients, and my stay in Natal was prolonged. In 1896 I went to India for six months with the leave of the community. I had hardly completed that period in India, when I received a cablegram from Natal asking me to return at once, and so did I. The events of 1896-97 demand a fresh chapter for their treatment.

title: Page:Satyagraha in South Africa.pdf/68


text:
Page:Satyagraha in South Africa.pdf/69

Thus the Natal Indian Congress was placed on a permanent footing. I spent nearly two years and a half in Natal, mostly doing political work. I then saw that if I was still to prolong my stay in South Africa, I must bring over my family from India. I likewise thought of making a brief sojourn in the homeland and of acquainting Indian leaders with the condition of Indian settlers in Natal and other parts of South Africa. The Congress allowed me leave of absence for six months and the late Mr Adamji Miyankhan, the well-known merchant of Natal, was appointed Secretary in my stead. He discharged his duties with great ability. He had a fair knowledge of English, which had been greatly supplemented by use. He had studied Gujarati in the ordinary course. As he had mercantile dealings chiefly with the Zulus, he had acquired an intimate knowledge of the Zulu language and was well conversant with Zulu manners and customs. He was a man of very quiet and amiable disposition. He was not given to much speech. I have entered into these details in order to show, that to the holding of responsible positions, truthfulness, patience, tolerance, firmness, presence of mind, courage and commonsense are far more essential qualifications than a knowledge of English or mere learning. Where these fine qualities are absent, the best literary attainments are of little use in public work.

I returned to India in the middle of the year 1896. As steamers from Natal were then more easily available for Calcutta than for Bombay, I went on board one bound for that city. For the indentured labourers were embarked from Calcutta or Madras. While proceeding to Bombay

S. A.-4

title: Page:Satyagraha in South Africa.pdf/69


text:
Page:Kalevala (Kirby 1907) v2.djvu/106

94

Kullervo, Kalervo’s offspring,

Looked, and saw the sun was sinking,

And he said the words which follow:

“Now the time has come for eating,

Yes, the time has come for eating,

Time it is to take refreshment.”

So to rest he drove the cattle,

On the heath he drove the cattle,

And he sat him on a hillock,

And upon a green hill sat him.

From his back he took his wallet,

Took the cake from out the wallet,

And he turned it round and eyed it,

And he spoke the words which follow:

“Many a cake is outside handsome,

And the crust looks smooth from outside,

But within is only fir-bark,

Only chaff beneath the surface.”

From the sheath he took his knife out,

And to cut the cake attempted.

On the stone the knife struck sharply,

And against the stone was broken.

From the knife the point was broken;

And the knife itself was broken.

Kullervo, Kalervo’s offspring,

Looked, and saw the knife was broken,

And at length he burst out weeping,

And he said the words which follow:

“Save this knife I’d no companion,

Nought to love except this iron,

’Twas an heirloom from my father,

And the aged man had used it.

Now against a stone ’tis broken,

’Gainst a piece of rock ’tis shattered

In the cake of that vile mistress,

Baked there by that wicked woman.

“How shall I for this reward her,

Woman’s prank, and damsel’s mockery,

And destroy the base old woman,

And that wicked wench, the bakeress?”

title: Page:Kalevala (Kirby 1907) v2.djvu/106


text:
Page:Satyagraha in South Africa.pdf/70

 from Calcutta, I missed my train on the way and had to stop in Allahabad for a day. My work commenced there. I saw Mr Chesney of the Pioneer. He talked with me courteously, but told me frankly that his sympathies were with the Colonials. He, however, promised that if I wrote anything, he would read it and notice it in his paper. This was good enough for me.

While in India, I wrote a pamphlet on the condition of Indians in South Africa. It was noticed by almost all newspapers and it passed through two editions. Five thousand copies were distributed in various places in India. It was during this visit that I had the privilege of seeing Indian leaders, Sir Pherozeshah Mehta, Justices Badruddin Tyebji and Mahadev Govind Ranade and others in Bombay, and Lokamanya Tilak and his circle, Prof. Bhandarkar and Gopal Krishna Gokhale and his circle in Poona. I delivered speeches in Bombay, Poona and Madras. I do not propose to deal with these events in detail.

I cannot, however, resist the temptation of describing here a sacred reminiscence of Poona, although it is not strictly relevant to our subject. The Sarvajanik Sabha was controlled by the Lokamanya, while Shri Gokhale was connected with the Deccan Sabha. I first saw Tilak Maharaj. When I spoke to him about my intention to hold a meeting in Poona, he asked me if I had seen Gopalrao. I did not understand whom he meant. He therefore asked me again if I had seen Shri Gokhale and if I knew him.

“I have not yet seen him. I know him by name and mean to see him,” I replied.

“You do not seem to be familiar with Indian politics,” said the Lokamanya.

“I stayed in India only for a short time after my return from England, and had not then applied myself to political questions, as I thought it beyond my capacity," I said.

Lokamanya then said; “In that case I must give you some information. There are two parties in Poona, one

title: Page:Satyagraha in South Africa.pdf/70


text:
Page:Satyagraha in South Africa.pdf/71

 represented by the Sarvajanik Sabha and the other by the Deccan Sabha.”

I replied: “I know something about this matter.”

Lokamanya: “It is easy to hold a meeting here. But it seems to me that you wish to lay your case before all the parties here and seek to enlist the support of all. I like your idea. But if a member of the Sarvajanik Sabha is selected to preside over your meeting, no member of the Deccan Sabha will attend it. Similarly, if a member of the Deccan Sabha were to preside, members of the Sarvajanik Sabha would absent themselves. You should therefore find out a non-partisan as chairman. I can only offer suggestions in the matter, and shall not be able to render any other assistance. Do you know Prof. Bhandarkar? Even if you do not know him, you should see him. He is considered a neutral. He does not take part in politics, but perhaps you can induce him to preside over your meeting. Speak to Shri Gokhale about this, and seek his advice too. In all probability he will give you the same advice. If a man of the position of Prof. Bhandarkar consents to preside, I am certain that both the parties will see to it that a good meeting is held. At any rate you can count upon our fullest help in the matter.”

I then saw Gokhale. I have written elsewhere how I fell in love with him at this very first sight. The curious may look up the files of Young India or Navajivan for it. Gokhale liked the advice which Lokamanya had given me. Accordingly I paid my respects to the venerable Professor. He heard attentively the story of the Indian wrongs in Natal and said, “You see I rarely take part in public life. Then again, I am getting old. But what you have told me has stirred me deeply. I like your idea of seeking the co-operation of all parties. You are young and ignorant of political conditions in India. Tell the members of both the parties that I have agreed to your request. On an intimation from any of them that the meeting is to be held, I will certainly come and preside.”

title: Page:Satyagraha in South Africa.pdf/71


text:
Page:Kalevala (Kirby 1907) v2.djvu/107

Runo XXXIII]

Then a crow cawed from the bushes,

Cawed the crow, and croaked the raven.

“O thou wretched golden buckle,

Kalervo’s surviving offspring,

Wherefore art thou so unhappy,

Wherefore is thy heart so troubled?

Take a switch from out the bushes,

And a birch from forest-valley,

Drive the foul beasts in the marshes,

Chase the cows to the morasses,

Half to largest wolves deliver,

Half to bears amid the forest.

“Call thou all the wolves together,

All the bears do thou assemble,

Change the wolves to little cattle,

Make the bears the larger cattle,

Lead them then like cattle homeward,

Lead them home like brindled cattle;

Thus repay the woman’s jesting,

And the wicked woman’s insult.”

Kullervo, Kalervo’s offspring,

Uttered then the words which follow:

“Wait thou, wait thou, whore of Hiisi,

For my father’s knife I’m weeping,

Soon wilt thou thyself be weeping,

And be weeping for thy milchkine.”

From the bush a switch he gathered,

Juniper as whip for cattle,

Drove the cows into the marshes,

And the oxen in the thickets,

Half of these the wolves devoured,

To the bears he gave the others,

And he sang the wolves to cattle,

And he changed the bears to oxen,

Made the first the little cattle,

Made the last the larger cattle.

In the south the sun was sinking,

In the west the sun descended,

Bending down towards the pine-trees

At the time of cattle-milking.

title: Page:Kalevala (Kirby 1907) v2.djvu/107


text:
Page:Satyagraha in South Africa.pdf/72

 A successful meeting was held in Poona. The leaders of both the parties attended and spoke in support of my cause.

I then went to Madras. There I saw Sir (then Mr Justice) Subrahmanya Aiyar, Shri P. Anandacharlu, Shri G. Subrahmanyam, the then editor of the Hindu, Shri Parameshvaran Pillai, editor of the Madras Standard, Shri Bhashyam Iyengar, the famous advocate, Mr Norton and others. A great meeting too was held. From Madras I went to Calcutta, where I saw Surendranath Banerji, Maharaja Jyotindra Mohan Tagore, the late Mr Saunders, the editor of the Englishman, and others. While a meeting was being arranged in Calcutta, I received a cablegram from Natal asking me to return at once. This was in November 1896. I concluded that some movement hostile to the Indians must be on foot. I therefore left my work at Calcutta incomplete and went to Bombay, where I took the first available steamer with my family. S. S. Courland had been purchased by Messrs Dada Abdulla and represented one more enterprise of that very adventurous firm, namely, to run a steamer between Porbandar and Natal. The Naderi, a steamer of the Persian Steam Navigation Company, left Bombay for Natal immediately after. The total number of passengers on the two steamers was about 800.

The agitation in India attained enough importance for the principal Indian newspapers to notice it in their columns and for Reuter to send cablegrams about it to England. This I came to know on reaching Natal. Reuter’s representative in England had sent a brief cablegram to South Africa, containing an exaggerated summary of my speeches in India. This is not an unusual experience. Such exaggeration is not always intentional. Very busy people with prejudices and prepossessions of their own read something superficially and then prepare a summary which is sometimes partly a product of imagination. This summary, again, is differently interpreted in different places. Distortion thus takes place without any one intending it. This is the risk attending public activities and

title: Page:Satyagraha in South Africa.pdf/72


text:
Page:Satyagraha in South Africa.pdf/73

 this is also their limitation. While in India I had criticized the Europeans of Natal. I had spoken very strongly against the £3 tax on indentured labourers. I had given a vivid account of the sufferings of an indentured labourer named Subrahmanyam who had been assaulted by his master, whose wounds I had seen and whose case was in my hands. When the Europeans in Natal read the distorted summary of my speeches, they were greatly exasperated against me. The remarkable fact, however, was that what I had written in Natal was more severe and detailed than what I wrote and spoke in India. My speeches in India were free from the slightest exaggeration. On the other hand, as I knew from experience that if we describe an event to a stranger, he sees more in it than what we intend to convey, I had deliberately described the South African situation in India less forcibly than the facts warranted. But very few Europeans would read what I wrote in Natal, and still fewer would care for it. The case, however, was obviously different with my speeches and writings in India. Thousands of Europeans would read Reuter’s summaries. Moreover, a subject which is considered worthy of being communicated by cablegram becomes invested with an importance it does not intrinsically possess. The Europeans of Natal thought that my work in India carried the weight attributed to it by them and that therefore the system of indentured labour would perhaps come to an end, and hundreds of European planters would suffer in consequence. Besides, they felt blackened before India.

While the Europeans of Natal were thus in an excited state of mind, they heard that I was returning to Natal with my family per S. S. Courland, that it carried from 300 to 400 Indian passengers, and that S. S. Naderi was also arriving at the same time with an equal number of Indians. This inflamed them all the more, and there was a great explosion of feeling. The Europeans of Natal held large meetings, which were attended by almost all the prominent members of their community. The Indian passengers in general and myself in particular came in

title: Page:Satyagraha in South Africa.pdf/73


text:
Page:Kalevala (Kirby 1907) v2.djvu/108

96

Then the dusty wicked herd-boy,

Kullervo, Kalervo’s offspring,

Homeward drove the bears before him,

And the wolf-flock to the farmyard,

And the bears he thus commanded,

And the wolves he thus instructed:

“Tear the mistress’ thighs asunder,

See that through her calves you bite her,

When she comes to look around her,

And she bends her down to milk you.”

Then he made a pipe of cow-bone,

And a whistle made of ox-horn,

From Tuomikki’s leg a cow-horn,

And a flute from heel of Kirjo,

Then upon the horn blew loudly,

And upon his pipe made music.

Thrice upon the hill he blew it,

Six times at the pathway’s opening.

Then did Ilmarinen’s housewife,

Wife of smith, an active woman,

Who for milk had long been waiting,

And expecting summer butter,

Hear the music on the marshes,

And upon the heath the cattle,

And she spoke the words which follow,

And expressed herself in thiswise:

“Praise to Jumala be given,

Sounds the pipe, the herd is coming,

Whence obtained the slave the cow-horn,

That he made a horn to blow on?

Wherefore does he thus come playing,

Blowing tunes upon the cow-horn,

Blowing till he bursts the eardrums,

And he gives me quite a headache?”

Kullervo, Kalervo’s offspring,

Answered in the words which follow:

“In the swamp the horn was lying,

From the sand I brought the cow-horn,

To the lane I brought your cattle,

In the shed the cows are standing;

title: Page:Kalevala (Kirby 1907) v2.djvu/108


text: Page:The Chace - Somervile (1735).djvu/124


text:
Page:Satyagraha in South Africa.pdf/74

 for a great deal of severe criticism. The expected arrival of the Courland and the Naderi was represented as an ‘invasion’ of Natal. The speakers said that I had brought those 800 passengers to Natal and that this was my first step towards flooding Natal with free Indians. A unanimous resolution was passed that the passengers of both the steamers including myself should be prevented from landing in Natal. If the Government of Natal would not or could not prevent the passengers from landing, the Committee appointed at the meeting was to take the law into their own hands and to prevent the Indians from landing by main force. Both the steamers reached Durban on the same day.

The reader will remember that bubonic plague made its first appearance in India in 1896. In their effort to prevent our landing the Government of Natal were hampered by legal difficulties as the Immigration Restriction Act had not yet come into being. Otherwise their sympathies were entirely with the Committee of Europeans referred to above. The late Mr Escombe, a member of the Government, took a prominent part in the proceedings of that Committee. It was he who instigated them. There is a rule in force at all ports that if a case of contagious disease occurs on board a steamer, or if a steamer is coming from an infected port, it is detained in quarantine for a certain period. This restriction can be imposed only on sanitary grounds, and under orders from the Health Officer of the port. The Government of Natal abused their power by enforcing the above rule for political purposes. Although there was no contagious disease on board, both the steamers were detained far beyond the usual time-limit, for as many as twenty-three days. Meanwhile, the Committee of Europeans continued their activities. Messrs Dada Abdulla, who were the owners of the Courland and the agents for the Naderi, were subjected to a severe hectoring by them. Inducements were offered to them if they agreed to take back the passengers, and they were threatened with loss of business if they refused to do so. But the partners of the firm were no cowards. They said

title: Page:Satyagraha in South Africa.pdf/74


text:
Page:Satyagraha in South Africa.pdf/75

 they did not care if they were ruined; they would fight to the bitter end but would not be coerced into committing the crime of sending away those helpless but innocent passengers; they were no strangers to patriotism. The old advocate of the firm, Mr F. A. Laughton, K.C., was also a brave man.

As luck would have it, the late Shri Mansukhlal Hiralal Nazar, a Kayastha gentleman from Surat and a nephew of the late Mr Justice Nanabhai Haridas, reached Africa about the same time. I did not know him, nor was I aware of his going. I need scarcely say that I had no hand in bringing the passengers who arrived by the Naderi and the Courland. Most of them were old residents of South Africa. Many again were bound for the Transvaal. Threatening notices were served by the Committee of Europeans even upon these passengers. The captains of the steamers read them out to the passengers. The notices expressly stated that the Europeans of Natal were in a dangerous temper, and said in effect that if in spite of the warning the Indian passengers attempted to land, the members of the Committee would attend at the port and push every Indian into the sea. I interpreted this notice to the passengers on the Courland. An English-knowing passenger on board the Naderi did the same for his fellow-passengers. The passengers on both the steamers flatly declined to go back and added that many of them were proceeding to the Transvaal, that some of the rest were old residents of Natal, that in any case every one of them was legally entitled to land and that the threats of the Committee notwithstanding, they were determined to land in order to test their right to do so.

The Government of Natal was at its wits’ end. How long could an unjust restriction be enforced? Twenty-three days had passed already. Dada Abdulla did not flinch, nor did the passengers. The quarantine was thus lifted after 23 days and the steamers were permitted to steam into harbour. Meanwhile, Mr Escombe pacified the excited Committee of Europeans. At a meeting which was held, he said, “The Europeans in Durban have

title: Page:Satyagraha in South Africa.pdf/75


text:
Page:Satyagraha in South Africa.pdf/76

 displayed commendable unity and courage. You have done all you could. Government has also helped you. The Indians were detained for 23 days. You have given sufficient expression to your sentiments and your public spirit. That will make a profound impression on the Imperial Government. Your action has made the path of the Government of Natal easy. If you now prevent by force a single Indian passenger from landing, you will injure your own interests and place the Government in an awkward position. And even then you will not succeed in preventing the Indians from landing. The passengers are not at all to blame. There are women and children among them. When they embarked at Bombay, they had no idea of your feelings. I would therefore advise you to disperse and not to obstruct these people. I assure you, however, that the Government of Natal will obtain from the Legislative Council the requisite powers in order to restrict future immigration.” This is only a summary of Mr Escombe’s speech. His audience was disappointed, but he had great influence over the Europeans of Natal. They dispersed in consequence of his advice and both the steamers came into port.

A message reached me from Mr Escombe advising me not to land with the others but to wait until evening when he would send the Superintendent of Water Police to escort me home, and adding that my family were free to land at any time. This was not an order according to law, but was by way of advice to the captain not to allow me to land and of warning to me of the danger that was hanging over my head. The captain had not the power forcibly to prevent me from landing. But I came to the conclusion that I should accept this suggestion. I sent my family to the residence of my old friend and client, Parsi Rustomji, instead of to my own place, and told them that I would meet them there. When the passengers had disembarked, Mr Laughton, counsel for Dada Abdulla and a personal friend of mine, came up and met me. He asked me why I had not yet landed. I told him about Mr Escombe’s letter. He said that he did not like the

title: Page:Satyagraha in South Africa.pdf/76


text:
Author:William Henry Browne

Works

 * The Catholicos of the East and his People, (1892), with Arthur John Maclean

title: Author:William Henry Browne


text: Page:The Chace - Somervile (1735).djvu/125


text:
Page:Scc-reedley-report-11.15.pdf/8

 B. March 16, 2023 Inspection by Local Officials of the Reedley Biolab

Local officials then obtained an inspection warrant, which they executed on March 16, 2023. Inside the Reedley Biolab, officials “observed blood, tissue and other bodily fluid samples and serums; and thousands of vials of unlabeled fluids and suspected biological material,” raising the concern that they contained pathogens. Some of these vials were labeled with the names of pathogens in English or Mandarin. Many were unlabeled. Others were labeled in code. Officials never found the full key that would translate this code, meaning that the nature of these vials’ contents is unknown to this day.

''Figure 2 - Contents of a fridge found in the Reedley Biolab, including sera and chemicals. Source: City of Reedley.''

Officials also found laboratory equipment, including “a biological safety cabinet and centrifuge[,]” as well as “cold temperature storage units, which included 2 ultralow temperature freezer units (-80- and -60-degree C) and 29 refrigerators/freezers (-20 degrees C). The Reedley Biolab operators had locked the -80 C ultralow freezer. These ultralow temperature freezers increased local officials’ concerns that UMI was storing infectious agents on site.”

title: Page:Scc-reedley-report-11.15.pdf/8


text: Page:The Chace - Somervile (1735).djvu/126


text: Page:The Chace - Somervile (1735).djvu/127


text: Page:The Chace - Somervile (1735).djvu/128


text: Page:The earth turns south (IA earthturnssouth00wood).pdf/43


text: Page:The earth turns south (IA earthturnssouth00wood).pdf/44


text: Page:The earth turns south (IA earthturnssouth00wood).pdf/45


text: Page:The earth turns south (IA earthturnssouth00wood).pdf/46


text: Page:The earth turns south (IA earthturnssouth00wood).pdf/47


text:
Page:More Tales from Tolstoi.djvu/92

More Tales from Tolstoi barked and fell upon me; and sometimes as an organ, in which I was one of the pipes; sometimes the shape of French verses which I was composing. Sometimes it seemed to me as if this tierce was some instrument of torture continually squeezing my right heel. This was so violent that I woke, and opened my eyes, rubbing my foot. It was beginning to be frost-bitten. The night was just the same as before—bright. The selfsame sort of movement was jolting me and the sledge; the selfsame Ignashka was sitting on the box-seat and shuffling about with his feet; the selfsame side horse, distending its neck and scarce lifting its feet, was trotting along over the deep snow; the little tassel of the harness was jumping up and down, and lashing the belly of the horse. The head of the thill horse, with dishevelled mane, the distended and loosening harness attached to the shaft-bow, was gently rocking up and down. But all this, far more than before, was covered, was loaded with snow. The snow came whirling down from in front, and sideways, was beginning to cover up the sledge-boards; the legs of the horses were up to their knees in snow, and the snow was pouring down from above upon our collars and hats. The wind was now from the right, and now from the left, and played with our collars, with the flap of Ignashka's armyak, and with the mane of the thill horse, and howled above the shaft-bow and in the shafts.

It had become frightfully cold; and scarcely had I wriggled myself free of my collar, than the frozen, dry snow, whirling along, fell full upon my eye

title: Page:More Tales from Tolstoi.djvu/92


text: Page:The earth turns south (IA earthturnssouth00wood).pdf/48


text:
Page:Kalevala (Kirby 1907) v2.djvu/109

Runo XXXIII]

Come you forth to smoke the cattle,

And come out to milk the cattle.”

Then did Ilmarinen’s housewife

Bid the mother milk the cattle.

“Mother, go and milk the cattle,

Do thou go to tend the cattle,

For I think I cannot finish

Kneading dough as I would have it.”

Kullervo, Kalervo’s offspring,

Answered in the words which follow:

“Ever do the thrifty housewives,

Ever do the careful housewives

Go the first to milk the cattle,

Set themselves to milk the cattle.”

Then did Ilmarinen’s housewife

Hasten forth to smoke the cattle,

And she went to milk the cattle,

And surveyed the herd before her,

Gazed upon the horned cattle,

And she spoke the words which follow:

“Beauteous is the herd to gaze on,

Very sleek the horned cattle,

They have all been rubbed with lynx-skin

And the wool of sheep of forest,

Well-filled, too, are all their udders,

And expanded with their fulness.”

So she stooped her down to milk them,

And she sat her down for milking,

Pulled a first time and a second,

And attempted it a third time,

And the wolf sprang fiercely at her,

And the bear came fiercely after.

At her mouth the wolf was tearing,

And the bear tore through her tendons,

Halfway through her calves they bit her,

And they broke across her shinbones.

Kullervo, Kalervo’s offspring

Thus repaid the damsel’s jesting,

Damsel’s jesting, woman’s mocking,

Thus repaid the wicked woman.

Rh

title: Page:Kalevala (Kirby 1907) v2.djvu/109


text: Page:The earth turns south (IA earthturnssouth00wood).pdf/49


text: Page:The earth turns south (IA earthturnssouth00wood).pdf/50


text:
Page:More Tales from Tolstoi.djvu/93

Rh lashes, nose, mouth, and flopped down my neck. All round about everything was white, bright, and snowy; there was nothing to be seen anywhere but turbid light and snow. I became seriously alarmed. Aleshka was asleep at my feet in the very bottom of the sledge, the whole of his back was covered by a thick layer of snow. Ignashka I did not see; he was tugging at the reins, shouting to the horses, and shuffling with his feet perpetually. The little bell sounded as strangely as ever. The horses kept snorting, yet on they ran, stumbling more and more frequently, and somewhat more softly. Ignashka again leaped up, waved his sleeves, and began singing his song in a thin, tense voice. Without finishing it he stopped the troika, threw the reins on to the upper part of the sledge, and dismounted. The wind was howling furiously, the snow, pouring down as if from a sieve, covered the skirt of his pelisse. I looked around, the third troika was no longer behind us, it had stopped somewhere. Round the second troika, which was visible through a snowy mist, I could see how the little old man was hopping about from foot to foot. Ignashka took three steps away from the sledge, sat down in the snow, ungirded himself, and set about taking off his shoes.

"What are you doing?" I asked.

"I must change my boots, my feet are quite frozen," he answered, continuing what he was doing.

It had made me cold merely to wriggle my neck free of my collar. I could not bear to look on and see him do this. I sat stiff and upright, looking at the side

title: Page:More Tales from Tolstoi.djvu/93


text: The Earth Turns South/Exit Salvatore

title: The Earth Turns South/Exit Salvatore


text: The Earth Turns South/The Smithy of God

title: The Earth Turns South/The Smithy of God


text:
Page:Kalevala (Kirby 1907) v2.djvu/110

98

Ilmarinen’s wife illustrious

Then herself was brought to weeping,

And she spoke the words which follow:

“Ill thou dost, O wicked herdsman,

Driving bears unto the homestead,

To the yard these wolves gigantic.”

Kullervo, Kalervo’s offspring

Heard, and thus he made her answer:

“Ill I did, a wicked herd-boy,

Not so great as wicked mistress.

In my cake a stone she baked me,

Baked a lump of rock within it,

On the stone my knife struck sharply,

’Gainst the rock my knife was shattered;

’Twas the knife of mine own father,

Of our race a cherished heirloom.”

Then said Ilmarinen’s housewife,

“O thou herd-boy, dearest herd-boy,

Wilt thou alter thy intention,

And recall thy words of magic,

And release me from the wolf’s jaws,

From the bear’s claws now release me?

Better shirts will I then give you,

And will give you handsome aprons,

Give you wheaten-bread, and butter,

And the sweetest milk for drinking,

For a year no work will give you,

Give you light work in the second.

“If you haste not to release me,

Come not quickly to my rescue,

Death will quickly fall upon me,

And to earth shall I be altered.”

Kullervo, Kalervo’s offspring,

Answered in the words which follow:

“If you die, so may you perish,

If you perish, may you perish!

Room there is in earth to hold you,

Room in Kalma’s home for lost ones,

For the mightiest there to slumber,

For the proudest to repose them.”

title: Page:Kalevala (Kirby 1907) v2.djvu/110


text:
Page:More Tales from Tolstoi.djvu/94

More Tales from Tolstoi horse which, drawing back its feet, began wearily, like a sick thing, twitching its tucked-up tail all covered with snow. The jolt which Ignat had given to the sledge, when he leaped upon the sledge-ledge, had awakened me.

"I say, where are we now?" I asked; "shall we ever get anywhere?"

"Be easy, we shall manage it," he answered; "the great thing is to keep the feet warm, That's why I've changed my boots."

And off he started. The little bell sounded, the sledge again began to swing along, and the wind whistled beneath the curved sides of the sledge. And once more we set off swimming in a limitless sea of snow.

I slept soundly. When Alec, knocking me with his foot, awoke me, and I opened my eyes, it was already morning. It appeared to me to be colder than in the night. No snow was coming down from above; but a strong, dry wind continued to carry the snow-dust across the plain and especially beneath the hoofs of the horses and the sledge-curves. The sky, to the right, in the east, was heavy and of a dark bluish colour; but bright, orange-red, strips were becoming more and more plainly distinguishable in it. Above our heads, from behind the fugitive, white, faintly tinted clouds, a pale blue was revealing itself; to the left, the masses of cloud were bright, light, and mobile. All around,

title: Page:More Tales from Tolstoi.djvu/94


text:
Page:Kalevala (Kirby 1907) v2.djvu/111

Runo XXXIII]

Then said Ilmarinen’s housewife,

“Ukko, thou, of Gods the highest,

Haste to bend thy mighty crossbow,

Of thy bows the best select thou,

Take thou then a bolt of copper,

And adjust it to the crossbow,

Shoot thou then a flaming arrow,

Shoot thou forth the bolt of copper,

Shoot it quickly through the arm-pits,

Shoot it that it split the shoulders.

Thus let Kalervo’s son perish,

Shoot thou dead this wicked creature,

Shoot him with the steel-tipped arrow,

Shoot him with thy bolt of copper.”

Kullervo, Kalervo’s offspring,

Uttered then the words which follow:

“Ukko, thou, of Gods the highest,

Shoot me not as she has prayed thee,

Shoot the wife of Ilmarinen,

Do thou kill this wicked woman,

Ere from off this spot she riseth,

Or can move herself from off it.”

Then did Ilmarinen’s housewife,

Wife of that most skilful craftsman,

On the spot at once fall dying,

Fell, as falls the soot from kettle,

In the yard before her homestead,

In the narrow yard she perished.

Thus it was the young wife perished,

Thus the fairest housewife perished,

Whom the smith so long had yearned for,

And for six long years was sought for,

As the joy of Ilmarinen,

Pride of him, the smith so famous.

title: Page:Kalevala (Kirby 1907) v2.djvu/111


text: Page:The earth turns south (IA earthturnssouth00wood).pdf/53


text: Kalevala (Kirby 1907)/Runo 33

title: Kalevala (Kirby 1907)/Runo 33