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Page:Travels in West Africa, Congo Français, Corisco and Cameroons (IA travelsinwestafr00kingrich).pdf/734

 to time there can be no question: at Fernando Po in 1862 and 1866, in Senegal pretty frequently, and at least one epidemic at Bonny was true yellow fever. But in the case of each of these outbreaks it is said to have been imported from South America, into Fernando Po, by ships from Havana, and into Bonny by a ship which had on her previous run been down the South American ports with a cargo of mules. The litter belonging to this mule cargo was not cleared out of her until she got into Bonny, when it was thrown overside into the river, and then the yellow fever broke out. But, on the other hand, South America taxes West Africa—the Guinea Coast—with having first sent out yellow fever in the cargoes of slaves. This certainly is a strange statement, because the African native rarely has malarial fever severely—he has it, and you are often informed So-and-so has got yellow fever, but So-and-so does not often die of it, merely is truly w retched and sick for a day or so, and then recovers.

Regarding the hæmaturia there is also controversy. A very experienced and excellent authority doubts whether this is entirely a malarial fever, or whether it is not, in some cases at any rate, brought on by over-doses of quinine, and Dr, Plehn asserts, and his assertions are heavily backed up by his great success in treating this fever, that quinine has a very bad influence when the characteristic symptoms have declared themselves, and that it should not be given. I hesitate to advise this, because I fear to induce any one to abandon quinine, which is the great weapon against malaria, and not from any want of faith in Dr. Plehn, for he has studied malarial fevers in Cameroon with the greatest encergy and devotion, bringing to bear on the subject a sound German mind trained in a German way, and than this, for such subjects, no better thing exists. His brother, also a doctor, was stationed in Cameroon before him, and is now in the German East African possessions, similarly working hard, and when these two shall publish the result of their conjoint investigations, we shall have the most important contribution to our knowledge of malaria that has ever appeared. It is impossible to over-rate the importance of such work as this to West Africa, for the man who will make West Africa pay will be the scientific man who gives us something more powerful against malaria than quinine. It is too much to hope that medical men out at work on the Coast, doctoring day and night, and not only obliged to doctor, but to nurse their white patients, with the balance of their time taken up by giving bills of health to steamers, wrestling with the varied and awful sanitary problems presented by the native town,


text:
Page:Everywoman's World, Volume 7, Number 6.djvu/47

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rampaging over my garden. I wish I could describe how lovely it looked when I left it on that summer afternoon; the buds of feathery carrots, the orderly ranks of onions, the young cabbages just beginning to head; but I will cease from this engrossing subject. When a farmer comes to the Registry office and asks for a description of Willow Tree Marsh, he does not want me to descant on the boundaries of the old Parker Homestead, so I must remember this is to be a study of a singular nervous condition, not a garden manual and confine myself strictly to my case and its cure.

The cure was brindled, of a nervous disposition, and a strayer from bounds, the property of my next-door neighbour, Simp Cutter. My description of Simp would be everything I don't like, squeezed into a checked suit, bought at a bargain sale.

My peaceful garden. My spirit felt soothed as I neared it. I opened the gate. Then a pair of hens arose from the beet bed, I looked and, behold destruction! Carrots, beets, cabbages pulled up and A row of green peas had absolutely vanished, (Dr. Ketchum sat up all night with cow). Cucumbers, onions, she appeared to have tossed on her horns in wanton glee. Chompings and tramplings were over all.

Then something seemed to snap in my brain. The "more overmastering thought" had come.

The dumb spake.

He not only spake, he spake frequently.

"Brindled Beelzebub" was on beginning, as I chased the excited animal around trying to persuade its blind-eyed besotedness to see the gate. I had one glimpse of Simp's white face peering over the fence, so I included him in my anathemas.

I gently recalled his hens that systematically scratched up my as, the empty bottles and tin cans he throws over on my side of the fence after dark, the dead cat I found in my ash-barrel—no cat of ours—the peck of red astrak-hans picked from my tree where it leaned over his fence and sold at Tilley's and many other reminiscences, a real Simp—osium.

The Professor and Pinky came into the yard just then. My niece led me in the house and Wyse drove out the cow. Jane, it appeared, was attending a Committee Meeting for Belgian Relief.

Well, I have been talking ever since. Just as much as is advisable for a Presbyterian, and a Registrar of Deeds to talk.

Pink and Francis have left me. When the Professor was obliged to return to his psycholo gizing, he persuaded Pinky he would be useless without her. I venture to say she has aston ished th en's. JT understand that my case cr great interest

Uncle Lenny is my constant companion. He promised Pinky Wyse he would never invite me out for another little spin, and he has his word. He has a new red car and still goes racketting over our rough country roads, having marvellous escapes.

My soul is knit more closely to his as time tries to make old men of us. I am sure when Lenny Briscom's time comes to float lightly up to the pearly portal, the Guardian of the Gate will smile as he sees the forget-me-not blue guilelessness of that glance, and he will exclaim: "What child-eyed spirit have we here?"

HREE considerations should govern you in furnishing your house—what you want, what you need, what you may have.

Usually this is the order in which the furnishing is considered. You begin by wanting many things which you do not need and cannot have. You end by having a number of things you do not need, several that you do not want, and the rest an indescribable jumble of what you have got—somehow.

Probably you furnished without plan or reason, and the result is all that might be expected—likewise without plan or reason. The furnishing of the entire house should be considered, first, in regard to the needs of those who are to live in it, next, in regard to the amount which is to be expended in its upkeep, and then, in regard to the demand of the neighbourhood in which it is situated. The needs of those who are to live in the house are of first importance—it is a waste of room and furnishing to have a house furnished. so that father feels at home in no part of it except the kitchen, and mother finds that spot the only place where she can really sit in comfort. The modern living-room should be substituted in most homes for the old fashioned parlour and the formal drawing room; and it is wiser to have the entire house furnished in a comfortable harmony rather than to have the downstairs well furnished and the upstairs shabby.

In considering each particular room, it saves trouble and worry to take some article as a key note, decorate walls and treat woodwork to harmonize with it, and furnish accordingly. For instance if you have a handsome rug, in good tones of blue, brown and tan, have the walls in tan, the woodwork in brown, the curtains in blue and brown, and the furnishing to match.

If the amount that is to be spent on the upkeep of the house is limited and the work must be done by the mother, then it is better to have as little nickel, brass, etc., to keep clean as possible, and this same rule holds good in all other furnishing,

In considering the neighbourhood, it is best to conform to some extent to the general style, as it is probable that the income of most of the dwellers in that section is about the same.

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text:
Page:The Most Excellent and Lamentable Tragedie of Romeo and Iuliet (1623).djvu/16

 Rom. Out of her fauour where I am in loue.

Ben. Alas that loue o gentle in his view,

Should bee o tyranous and rough in proofe.

Romeo. Alas that loue, whoe view is muffled till,

Should without eyes, ee path-waies to his wil:

Where hall we dine? O me: what fray was here?

Yet tell me not, for I haue heard it all:

Heres much to doe with hate, but more with loue:

Why then O brawling loue, O louing hate,

O any thing of nothing irt created:

O heauie lightnee, erious vanity,

Mihapen Chaos of weleeming formes,

Feather of lead, bright moke, cold fier, icke health,

Still waking leepe, that is not what it is.

This loue feele I, that feele no loue in this,

Doet thou not laugh?

Ben. No Coze, I rather weepe.

Rom. Good heart at what?

Ben. At thy good hearts oppresion.

Romeo. Why uch is loues trangresion.

Griefes of my owne lie heauy in my bret,

Which thou wilt propagate to haue it pret,

With more of thine, this loue that thou hat howne,

Doth ad more griefe, to too much of mine owne.

Loue is a moke made with the fume of ighes,

Being purg’d, a fire parkling in louers eyes,

Being vext, a ea nouriht with louing teares,

What is it ele? a madnee mot dicreet,

A choking gall, and a preeruing weet:

Farewell my Coze.

Ben. Soft, I will goe along.

And if you leaue me o, you doe me wrong.

Rom. Tut, I haue left my elfe, I am not here,

This is not Romeo; hees ome other where.

Ben. Tell me in adnee, who is that you loue?

Rom. VVhat hall I grone and tell thee?

Ben. Grone, why no: but adly tell me who: Rom.


text:
Page:TASJ-1-3.djvu/30

 After a few remarks from Mr. Erasmus Gower, who stated that he is at present engaged in putting up some furnaces for the Japanese in the province of Hitachi (Jôshiu) where there is a considerable bed of ironstone, varying in thickness from 18 ft. to 8 ft., and needing only to be quarried.

Mr. Brunton said that in reference to the process described in the paper as being common in Japan, of keeping pig iron in a molten state for a lengthened time which sometimes extended to seven days, and by this means producing a malleable or wrought iron, he thought he saw in this some resemblance to the principle of the Bessemer process as carried out in England. The Bessemer process consisted of a rapid combustion of the earthy matters and other substances in the iron, and this combustion was obtained by the insertion of large quantities of oxygen into a vessel containing molten metal. Although the paper did not mention the means by which the Japanese maintain the iron in a melted state, it might be supposed that it was done by blowing air through it with bellows, but whether this was the case or not, it seemed to him that this practice of the Japanese was similar in principle to the Bessemer process, as it maintained the iron for varied periods at very high temperatures, and so consumed the impurities contained in it.

Professor Ayrton remarked that in the Paper a description had been given of the method of making steel employed by the Japanese. Could the reader inform him whether any of this steel was used to make steel wire of [sic]? He (Prof. Ayrton) had lately required steel wire of different thickness, but the Kogakuriyo had stated that they had been quite unable to obtain any for him, even of foreign manufacture. Now if Japanese steel wire could be procured anywhere this difficulty might be overcome.

In reply to this, Mr. Wilkin said that he was not the author of the Paper, but he was not aware that any steel wire was manufactured by the Japanese though he believed copper wire was to some considerable extent.

Professor Ayrton then continued, and said that mention had been made of the badness of Japanese copper wire. Some of it had at any rate one good quality about which he would say a few words. It would probably be known to many of those present that copper wire was largely employed in the manufacture of telegraph instruments and sub-marine cables. Now the wire, like all other conductors, offered a certain obstruction (or resistance as it is called) to the passage of the electric current, but this resistance might, for the same length and thickness of the wire, be immensely diminished by increasing the purity of the copper employed. Up to the laying of the first Atlantic cable it was imagined that any extra resistance in the conductor of a cable, produced by impurities in the copper, could be compensated for by increasing the battery power employed. Before, however, the construction of the second Atlantic cable of 1865, Sir William Thomson (whose name had lately been prominently brought before the Society in Captain Belknap’s paper on Deep Sea Soundings in the Pacific) was led from purely

title: Page:TASJ-1-3.djvu/30


text:
Page:TASJ-1-3.djvu/31

 theoretical considerations to conclude that the commercial value of a long sub-marine cable could be doubled if pure copper wire were substituted for the impure wire previously employed; for he showed that the speed of sending, or the number of words that could be sent per minute, was cæteris paribus inversely proportional to the specific resistance of the copper employed, and could not be increased by increasing the battery power. Consequently those who up to that time had looked on the systematic electric testing of copper wire as unnecessary had now become most strenuous in urging its regular adoption, so that at the present time no coil of copper wire was employed in a submarine cable which had not, by being previously tested, proved itself to have less than the contract resistance.

A number of specimens of Japanese copper wire, of different gauges, had recently been electrically tested in this way in Prof. Ayrton’s laboratory, and the result had been that, while many samples had as much as twenty or thirty per cent more resistance than pure copper and therefore would be quite valueless for submarine cable or telegraph instruments, other samples had scarcely more resistance than if they had been composed of pure copper, in a few cases, indeed, not even one per cent more. Consequently, as far as conduction was concerned, wire like the good samples would be of great practical value for telegraphic purposes. The price per pound of both bad and good samples was practically the same, and less, or at any rate not more, than the wholesale price in England of commercial copper wire.

Mr. Gowland, F.C.SS., [sic] of the Imperial Mint, Osaka, said that in reply to the remarks of the last speaker respecting the variable electro-couductivity of Japan copper, exceedingly high numbers having been obtained in some cases and low numbers in others, he would state briefly a few of the results to which he had been led by the chemical and physical examination and metallurgical treatment of about eight hundred tons of copper. The copper of Japan as a rule, when properly refined in a suitable furnace, was calculated to take a foremost place amongst the various kinds of commercial copper destined for electro-telegraphic or other purposes where special purity was essential. It was almost invariably free from the injurious metals antimony and arsenic as well as from phosphorus. Antimony he had never found excepting in traces, and arsenic when present rarely in larger quantities than .03 per cent. In fact when the crude copper was carefully selected and subjected to the Welsh process of refining, the resulting metal should consist of almost pure copper with traces only of lead, iron and silver. The importance of the purity of copper and of its special freedom from antimony, arsenic and phosphorus had been exhaustively treated by Matthieson in a paper communicated by him to the Royal Society and afterwards published in their “Transactions.” His results were obtained from experiments made upon impure, pure, and alloyed, specimens of copper the composition of which he had previously determined by chemical analysis. These results were opposed to some experimental

title: Page:TASJ-1-3.djvu/31


text:
Page:TASJ-1-3.djvu/32

 results obtained by Sir Wm. Thomson, not however because the experiments of Sir W. Thomann were imperfectly conducted, but because alloys of inaccurate composition were supplied to him. The reasons, however, why Japanese copper wire, or copper in other forms, was so variable in its physical character were these.

Japanese crude copper occasionally contained excess of iron, and also of lead, metals however which were removed by refining, and when required for the production of a copper to be used for special purposes as for alloying gold in minting, or for electro-telegraphy, it was advisable to make frequent careful analyses in selecting it.

For further notes on Japanese copper Mr. Gowland would refer those interested to the appendix of the Report of the Imperial Mint, Osaka, for the present year. The copper ores usually worked in Japan yielded from 2$1⁄2$ to 12 per cent. of copper, although richer specimens occurred in small quantities. The smelting process of the Japanese was one for which he had great respect, for although it was rude and yielding but a small out-turn compared with European methods, yet he had seen it economically conducted amidst difficulties and in localities where no other process would succeed. Strange as it might appear, the principles upon which it was conducted and the chemical reactions which took place were identical with those of the process followed in Wales at the present time.

The following minerals of iron were worthy of note in addition to those mentioned in the paper:—

Magnetic Iron Sand.—A fine black sand consisting of more or less perfect octahedra of magnetic oxide of iron. It occurred largely in the province of Aki and was smelted there by native methods.

Magnetic pyrites occurred massive in large quantities in several parts of Setsu, in Omi and Yamato, and probably in many parts of Japan. It occurred in the interior of Yamato

title: Page:TASJ-1-3.djvu/32


text:
Page:TASJ-1-3.djvu/33

 in veins 2 to 8 feet or more in thickness, mixed with copper pyrites, yielding often as much as 12 per cent of copper and being then worked as a copper ore. In Omi it occurred rather extensively, associated with a rich argentiferous galena and arsenical pyrites.

The old process of native steel manufacture by melting together wrought iron and cast iron was curiously interesting, as an almost identical process had been patented and worked by a Sheffield firm during late years.

The process for manufacturing wrought iron described in the paper appeared to be a kind of lengthened puddling process and must be attended with great loss of iron.

Professor Ayrton then again rose and said that he had derived much pleasure from listening to Mr. Gowland’s remarks especially those connected with the impurities chemical analysis showed to exist in Japanese copper wire. Like him he had found the wire brittle, but he had to a great extent got over this objection by insisting on the wire being carefully annealed before it was supplied to him. He was afraid Mr. Gowland had somewhat misunderstood what he (Prof. Ayrton) had said regarding the action taken by Sir W. Thomson. Prof. Thomson’s conclusions regarding the connection existing between the speed of signalling and the resistance of the conductor of the cable were based on mathematical reasoning, and not, as Mr. Gowland appeared to think, on tests of alloys of copper submitted to him. Probably, after theoretical considerations had led Sir William to see the immense practical value to be derived from the systematic testing of the resistance of copper wire, he might have asked wire-drawers to furnish him with samples in order that he might see how good it was practically possible to get copper wire; but the testing of these samples could not in any way affect the results he had previously obtained mathematically and to which Prof. Ayrton had referred in his previous remarks.

The Chairman (Sir Harry S. Parkes) then closed the discussion on this paper with a few observations on the subject generally, and after a few introductory remarks proceeded to read the second Paper, by Captain St. John of H. M. S. Sylvia, entitled “Observations on the Bay of Sendai.”

Mr. Brunton then made a few remarks to the effect that Ishi-no-maki had seemed to him on his visit there a short time ago to be a tolerably clean and well-to-do town. The bar across the river mouth, however, on which there is not more than 2 or 3 feet of water is a great obstruction to the shipping importance of the place. There is no shelter for vessels lying off the mouth of the river and it is therefore quite unsuitable as a port. There is a harbour, however, to the eastward of Ishi-no-maki called Ai-kawa which offers good shelter to vessels being open only on a very small arc towards the south east; but as this harbour is surrounded by steep hills, it also is useless as a commercial port.

The meeting then terminated in the usual manner.

title: Page:TASJ-1-3.djvu/33


text: Transactions of the Asiatic Society of Japan/Series 1/Volume 3/Part 1/Observations on the Bay of Sendai


text:
Page:Midland naturalist (IA midlandnaturalis01lond).pdf/93

 individually. Everyone would find something to interest him in one or other of the Societies, and his influence, when once secured, would again influence others. Some of the earlier Monographs are out of print, and already fetch high prices in the second-hand booksellers' catalogues, and, therefore, upon the mere ground of "an investment" subscribers may rely that they will get their "money's worth." The number of subscribers within the area of our Union, a radius of eighty miles, is not              more than thirty or forty to both Societies together; a very small number indeed, when we consider its wealth and the number of those who take an interest in Natural History. The subscriptions were due on 1st January last for the current year, so that each member now subscribing will be entitled to the forthcoming volume. Specimens of the recently published works may he seen at my offices, 23, Union Street, Birmingham, where I shall be glad to receive the subscriptions of intending subscribers. The Rev. Thomas Wiltshire, M.A., F.G.S., 25, Granville Park, Lewisham, S.E., is the able Secretary to both Societies; and he will, I am quite sure, with his usual courtesy, give any further information that may be desired.

In the following columns we have the pleasure of presenting to our readers by fur the moat complete monthly return of the Temperature and Rainfall of the Midland Counties which has ever appeared in any publication. It embraces returns from about seventy stations, including three distant points—Carlisle, Ventnor, and Altarnun Vicarage, Cornwall—the returns from which will he useful and interesting for comparison with our own central stations. Many deficiencies, however, remain to be supplied, and we shall be pleased to give information as to description and cost of meteorological instruments.

The influence of the weather upon animal and plant life is a branch of the subject to which we would direct special attention, and we trust to receive many notes for February as to the time of opening of our ordinary spring flowers—Snowdrops, Primroses, the Speedwell, Hazel, Pilewort, (Ranunculus ficaria,) Dog's Mercury, and Coltsfoot for example. In this matter our readers generally could render important help.

Reverting to the weather of the first month of 1878, the figures we print below show unanimously that while the rainfall was below the average, the temperature, especially for the first three weeks, was decidedly above it. The maximum rainfall at nearly all stations was on the 27th, but only at Buxton (1°36 ins.} did it exceed one inch in depth. There are one or two returns in which a heavy fall is entered on the 28th, but this we suspect is caused by entering the rainfall to the day on which it was measured, The rain-gauge should he emptied daily at nine ., and the amount entered to the preceding day. The temperature desired is that in the shade at 4ft. above ground, (thermometers in a Stevenson's stand if possible.) If instruments are placed otherwise it should be noted on the form. We shall be pleased to forward forms for the purpose of recording observations to all who will help in the work of taking the record of the weather of the Midlands as complete as possible, and all forms should be filled up and sent within the first week of the ensuing month to Mr. W. J. Harrison, Town Museum, Leicester.


text: Poems (Eminescu)/Ode

title: Poems (Eminescu)/Ode


text:
Page:The Necromancer, or, The Tale of the Black Forest Vol. 1.djvu/201

 provoke the lurking tempest of woe, that had thus cruelly crushed the earthly happiness of the wretched villagers, I hastily inquired for the next village, they shewed us the way, and we bade them farewell with a bleeding heart, riding away in full speed.

But, alas! I could not escape the hideous spectre of self reproach, pursuing me with icy fangs: The scene of misery which my eyes had witnessed hovered constantly before my gloomy fancy, the groans of woe which I had heard still vibrated in my ears, the haggard looks of these unhappy people, undone by my heedlessness, stared me in the face ever and anon, and I struggled in vain to shake off the grisly spectre pursuing me with unrelent-unrelenting [sic] resentment. "How comfortless and miserable is the man," said I to myself, "whom conscience accuses of having plunged into the gaping gulph of misery a fellow creature!"

The Austrian saw the painful workings of my soul, kindly striving to dispel the gloomy


text:
Page:Everywoman's World, Volume 7, Number 6.djvu/3

Vol. VII., No. 6 EDITORIAL JUNE, 1917

HE June Bride comes! Sweet and calm and serene, looking out with unclouded eyes through the filmy folds of her veil—eyes in whose depths the light of happiness lies. And she is happy, this little June Bride, happy with boundless trust in the love that encircles her round, happy with unlimited faith in the roseate future stretching away before her daintily shod feet. She believes—as all lovers do, and should—that the love on which she builds her happiness is greater, deeper, better, holier, than the love of any other pair of lovers through all the zons that have gone before.

And she is beautiful, this little June Bride; her face is illumined with the glory of love—the very homeliest woman that ever was is beautiful when she loves, forgetting self.

She looks at the man beside her, and she sees him, not as he is; not as others see him and know him to be, but as she has clothed him in the robes of idealized love; and he, knowing something of the heights on which she has placed him, is humbled to the dust at her feet, and—if he be a real man—resolves with all the manhood in him to prove worthy of her trust and love—to be worthy of the little June Bride.

This is the beginning; the fairy tales used to count it the end—"and they lived happily ever after." "Lived happily ever after!"—that summed up all the long years that came after, all the trouble and the sorrow, all the gladness and the joy, all the growing nearer together or the widening of the gulf between, all the spring and the summer, all the autumn and the winter of life—"they lived happily ever after!"

The little June Bride does not marry expecting to be other than happy; yet sometimes she is. And then, with wide, startled eyes, she looks around and sees many one-time lovers who have forgotten the heights on which they once dwelt and who are now in the valley of despair, the street of indifference, or the mart of social dues. And wildly she clasps her hands and wildly she asks of a heaven of brass, "Why, oh, why must this be so?"

And from somewhere beyond that heaven of brass comes the answer, "Look to your foundation. How did build?"

"I built on love," wails the little June Bride, turning her eyes to earth. And the brass of the heavens was riven as the lightning flashed and the rain descended.

“You built on love!" The lightning flashed asunder body and spirit, and the little June Bride cowered down to break the blow she knew must fall. "You built on love! What love?" Lower yet the little June Bride cowers. "I built on love, love of the earth, earthy, and my foundations were laid in sand—fleeting unstable; and now—Ah, me! They are washed away."

'Build again!" comes the thunder; "and look to your foundation! All is not lost. Build again!"

And a gleam of the sunshine of Hope falls athwart the little June Bride.

Most marriages are determined by the law of attraction, but, unfortunately, the law of attraction is three-fold—physical, mental, spiritual. Usually the physical attraction comes first, and then we may "fall in love at first sight." Most persons—again unfortunately—think this is love. It is not. It is only one-third of love. But many, many marriages are founded on this one-third of love, and the result is disastrous. It seldom lasts; and since the hold is purely physical, it is not long before the man or woman—or both—longs to be free.

Mental attraction may come first, but usually it follows the physical; it occurs only when the have had convenient time and intercourse to acquainted with and interested in each other's tastes, inclinations, pursuits, likes, and dislikes. A happy marriage may be built on these two-thirds of love, since companionship is possible because congeniality is assured.

Spiritual attraction is the highest form of attraction and is necessary to the ideal marriage. It develops the highest nature and gives each an understanding of the other that is not possible with only the first two-thirds of love.

Given the three-thirds of love, the two are properly mated; they respect each other's individuality and give each other absolute freedom, free from jealousy, suspicion, deceit, untruth. They give each other happiness, knowing that to receive happiness we must first give it to others. They give of their own richness of character, of mind, withholding nothing of self; and they enjoy to the full that companionship of mind and soul, that rounding out of deficiencies which is very near to perfection, to the completeness that every soul craves.

The man or woman who plans to build a house looks well to the foundation, knowing that only with a good foundation can stability and permanence be secured. To the builder the foundation is of more importance than the superstructure—given a good foundation, he can build anything; given a poor foundation, he can build nothing. Character is the foundation of all happiness in marriage. If the man be honourable, he is building his happiness on sand if he marry a girl who considers only the end she wishes to achieve, caring nothing for the means by which she accomplishes that end. The girl who scorns a lie is building on sand if she weds a man who handles the truth carelessly.

But to live daily with any one exactly like one's self will be insipid and stupid in the extreme; therefore there should be difference of disposition. If the man have a sullen temper and sulks, this evil spirit must be met and conquered by the woman's bright, sunny disposition; if she be quick tempered and unreasonable, he must be slow to anger and of good judgment.

Mo one person is perfect, nor even well rounded out. The nearer we can come to perfection, which is completeness, the happier we are. We all lack, and we unconsciously seek in the other those things which will round out our angles, fill in our deficiencies, and make for a more perfect and complete whole. The girl with a mercurial disposition needs the man of steady reliability; he may be slow, but he is always there, a sure refuge. The man who is not happy, except he have a half-dozen irons in the fire, and who is always ready to try something new, needs to come home to a calm, serene woman—she may even be stolid—but she gives him the sense of stability that he lacks, Each balances the other.

The complete fullness of love is never attained. The heights on which we would dwell are never gained. Love is not a condition, but a growth; and if that growth be stopped, decay sets in. Love lives by giving and by growing; on second of time that love ceases to give, love ceases to prow there is no standing still in the Kingdom of Love; there must be a growth or a decay. The roses in the little June Bride's bouquet are beautiful as they grow, but once they cease to give out beauty, they cease to grow, and become of no value, unless, maybe, to the June Bride herself—and she lays them away as memories of a dead past.

But the analogy is incomplete. Roses must reach their height of beauty, and then fade; but love never fades if it go on growing—and it may grow forever. Herein is love, great so great that naught else even approaches it. Herein love lives alone. Love is of the immortelles.

The ideal marriage is that of the ideal man and woman. This does not mean that they must be perfect, physically, mentally, spiritually; but it does mean that they must be ideally suited to each other. It is seldom that we meet any one who exactly "fits in" to our needs and wants, who never "jars" us, and who never fails in understanding and sympathy. No two persons begin life with the same heritage; no two persons have the same environment for the formation of character; no two persons have the same education; no two live under the same conditions of life. is true even of those born of the same parents and brought up together; true of those who attend the same school and learn the same lessons; true of those born in the same station of life and within the same environment. The thing that is you—-the soul—gives a different bent to your character and colours your life differently to mine. We call it individuality, and it marks you as you, and sets me apart from all others.

Individuality is made up of character and disposition; and in the ideal marriage the characters should be similar, but the dispositions different.

Character is the fundamental principles—the foundations; disposition is the manner and method of applying those principles. Character is made up of honour, truth, uprightness, honesty, refinement, in a greater or lesser degree; sometimes these are negative instead of positive, and then the character is dishonourable, untruthful, dishonest, coarse.

Common-sense must save our ideals. The little June Bride saw her bridegroom, not as he was, but as she had idealized him. That was well. So she should. But it takes common-sense to hold to our ideals when Jack keeps breakfast waiting or the toast is burned. Idealized love does not “hold hands" when he comes in at night too tired to notice that we look just as sweet as ever we did in the days before we were won. And if Jack happen to fall asleep from sheer weariness, in his chair, over the paper, and if his mouth should fall open—what? It wouldn't? Well, wait and see!

When the day of disillusion comes—which is only another way of saying that the first glamour of love has worn off—and we get down to hard facts, then it is that common-sense is needed. Nothing else can save. We did not marry for the wedding-day, or for the honeymoon, but for life. But if we have looked well to our foundation, we need have no fear. The adjustment that always comes—it may be in a week or a year—is not of love, but only of conditions. Love is there the same as ever, but conditions have changed; and we must adjust ourselves to these conditions. Now, instead of the homage of candy and flowers, we have a community of interests, something that concerns us and not just me.

This is where the basis of companionship should be laid—the companionship that makes beautiful the commonest details of life, the small experience of every day. Nothing can be sordid or commonplace when love is there, if we have married with the thirds of love, companionship is easy. Then our aims, our tastes, are identical, although our opinions are not. We may differ as to the decoration of a room, the way we like our steak done, or our favourite colour, and still be happy. But if we differ on matters of manners and conduct, then it is difficult for love to conquer.

Most men grow. Many women do not. They become absorbed in their children and in the house. They forget that a man needs companionship, and that if he does not get it at home he will usually go outside for it. But the woman does not mind. She has the children. Then one day the children are grown up and want to live their own lives. Presently they go out into the world and have homes of their own, and the woman is left disconsolate. She turns then to her husband. But years ago he carried his interests elsewhere, and habits are strong. Besides, he grew and developed; she did not. With the children gone, she is exactly where she was thirty years ago, except that she is a better housekeeper and knows almost all there is to know about children. But he is not interested in housekeeping or children; she gave him no interest in the one and monopolized the other years ago; and she despairs of learning anything of those things which occupy him now. But she will, if she be wise. If she does not, it means a lonely old age for her. Unless

But it's a far cry from the little June Bride to her grandchildren!


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 clouds hovering over my brow. "How can you accuse yourself," spoke the reverend veteran, "of having been, though involuntarily, accessary to the fatal blow that has thus cruelly destroyed the happiness of these people, whose fate you are bemoaning? It was the high decree of a superior power, that rules the fate of man. The ways of the all-wise are ever good and just, though surrounded sometimes with impenetrable darkness. Men are but tools in the hand of providence, and never ought to murmur against the father of the universe. It is not you who have destroyed the happiness of these poor sufferers; your heart is good, and you could not foresee the dreadful consequences of your juvenile rashness; cheer up, young man, and trust to the supreme ruler of all things, that he knows best what is good and fit, he produces light from the womb of darkness, and leads sometimes his children to greater bliss over the thorny path of misery and woe."


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 &c., can have sufficient time or life left in them to carry on series of experiments and series of cultures, but they can and do supply to the man in the laboratory at home grand material for him to carry the thing through; meanwhile we wait that man and do the best we can.

The net results of laboratory investigation, according to the French doctors, is that the mycetozoic malarial bacillus, the microbe of paludism, is amœboid in its movements, acting on the red corpuscles, leaving nothing of them but the dark pigment found in the skin and organs of malarial subjects. The German doctors make a practice of making microscopic examinations of the blood of a patient, saying that the microbes appear at the commencement of an attack of fever, increase in quantity as the fever increases, and decrease as it decreases, and from these investigations they are able to judge fairly accurately how many remissions may be expected; in fact to judge of the severity of the case which, taken with the knowledge that quinine only affects malarial microbes at a certain stage of their existence, is helpful in treatment.

There is, I may remark, a very peculiar point regarding hæmaturic disease, the most deadly form of West Coast fever. This disease, so far as we know, has always been present on the South-West Coast, at Loando, the Lower Congo and Gaboon, but it is said not to have appeared in the Rivers until 1881, and then to have spread along the West Coast. My learned friend, Dr. Plehn, doubts this, and says people were less observant in those days, but the symptoms of this fever are so distinct, that I must think it also totally impossible for it not to have been differentiated from the usual remittent or intermittent by the old West Coasters if it had occurred there in former times with anything like the frequency it does now; but we will leave these theoretical and technical considerations and turn to the practical side of the question.

You will always find lots of people ready to give advice on


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User talk:Thea apianæ

--EncycloPetey (talk) 21:32, 26 November 2023 (UTC)

title: User talk:Thea apianæ


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, &c.—Can any of your readers explain why Petasites vulgaris and other wild flowers, which blossomed during January and February, near Oswestry, Birmingham, and elsewhere, should not blossom until a month later in this neighbourhood, so much farther south.—, Stroud.

.—A rat being closely pursued by a cat, jumped from a garden wall into the road and saved itself by jumping between the spokes of one of the wheels of a cart that at the time was passing at good speed. The cat being baulked for a moment till the cart passed gave the rat time to escape. This was told me by a man living near Nottingham, who saw the circumstance.—C., Nottingham.

.—I heard the following anecdote told by an experienced fisherman, who pronounced it authentic. A party of gentlemen were shooting over an estate, near Nottingham, close to the River Trent. A pleasant was wounded and fell in the river. A pike, which must have been on the look out for some sort of prey, immediately struck it, its teeth becoming so entangled in the feathers that it was easily captured, with the pheasant held fast in its teeth.—C., Nottingham.

.—It may be interesting to those readers of the "Midland Naturalist" who study the mosses to know that I have recently found near Kingswood, Warwickshire, a moss new to the county, Orthotrichum leiocarpum, and  In this station it occurs on the lower part of the trunks of the Ontario poplar. In other parts of Great Britain this moss is somewhat plentiful, but in Warwickshire it is apparently very rare, I may also state that I have also found, in abundance, Sphagnum auriculatum, a very rare sphagnum, near Solihull; hitherto I have only seen it in Sutton Park. In this new Warwickshire station it occurs on the borders of drains in a small wood, in company with S. contortum—J. E.. ,—Passing over Baginton Bridge on Sunday, April 7th, I saw about half a dozen swallows flying about over the water and adjoining meadows. I watched them for a few minutes, but in the course of a short time they disappeared, I recrossed the bridge later in the day, but none were to be seen, and have not seen one since, The swallow usually returns to us about the 20th April, sometimes one or two are seen earlier, but I never before saw so large a party at this early period. On the same day I heard the Chiffchaff and the Wryneck. The former is generally the earliest arrival of our summer birds, and is later than usual this season.—, Coventry, l0th April, 1378.

.—I do not know whether this very pretty variety of the common Self-heal is anywhere abundant. It is but slightly mentioned by Syme, Hooker, or Babington. In this neighbourhood it occurs in one locality only, an old pasture field on the slope of a low ridge of boulder clay. But the large creamy-white flowers, closely aggregated in short, blunt beads, and of which six or eight in a head are often open at the same time, are much more elegant and showy than the purple ones of the common form. I think it deserves to be introduced into gardens, and I mean to try what cultivation will do for it. The leaves are all narrower than those of the common form; the lower leaves oblong-lanceolate and toothed at the base, the upper ones narrow and linear, some with linear segments, others merely toothed, the teeth projecting at right angles from the lade. I should be glad to hear of any other localities in which the white variety occurs, and whether it corresponds with the above description.—F. T., Birstal Hill, Leicester.


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 I listened with eager attention to the soothing speech of comfort flowing from the reverend lips of my sage companion, and an heavy load was taken from my heart, when he had finished, the clouds of gloominess dispersed by degrees, and a ray of cheerfulness darted through my mind. After half an hour's ride we beheld a large village before us; we agreed to wait there the setting in of night, and then to visit the Haunted Castle secretly.

Our host could not, or perhaps would not answer our inquiries concerning the desolated castle, and we endeavoured in vain to know whether the nightly sportsmen were still housing there or not; my serjeant went abroad to get some information, and was so fortunate to draw from the schoolmaster of the village as much as we wanted to know; returning after an hour with the corroboration of our suspicion, that the spirits residing at the castle had set fire to the desolated village, and that


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 fever, particularly how to avoid getting it, and you will find the most dogmatic of these are people who have been singularly unlucky in the matter, or people who know nothing of local conditions. These latter are the most trying of all to deal with. They tell you, truly enough no doubt, that the malaria is in the air, in the exhalations from the ground, which are greatest about sunrise and sunset, and in the drinking water, and that you must avoid chill, excessive mental and bodily exertion, that you must never get anxious, or excited, or lose your temper. Now there is only one—the drinking water—of this list that you can avoid, for, owing to the great variety and rapid growth of bacteria encouraged by the tropical temperature, and the aqueous saturation of the atmosphere from the heavy rainfall, and the great extent of swamp, &c., it is practically impossible to destroy them in the air to a satisfactory extent. I was presented by scientific friends, when I first went to the West Coast, with two devices supposed to do this. One was a lamp which you burnt some chemical in; it certainly made a smell that nothing could live with—but then I am not nothing, and there are enough smells on the Coast now. I gave it up after the first half-hour. The other device was a muzzle, a respirator, I should say. Well! all I have got to say about that is that you need be a better-looking person than I am to wear a thing like that without causing panic in a district. Then orders to avoid the night air are still more difficult to obey—may I ask how you are to do without air from 6.30. to 6.30 .? or what other air there is but night air, heavy with malarious exhalations, available then?

The drinking water you have a better chance with, as I will presently state; chill you cannot avoid. When you are at work on the Coast, even with the greatest care, the sudden fall of temperature that occurs after a tornado coming at the end of a stewing-hot day, is sure to tell on any one, and as for the orders regarding temper neither the natives, nor the country, nor the trade, help you in the least. But still you must remember that although it is impossible to fully carry out these orders, you can do a good deal towards doing so, and preventive measures are the great thing, for it is better to escape fever altogether, or to get off with a light touch of it, than to make a sensational recovery from Yellow ack himself.

There is little doubt that a certain make of man has the best chance of surviving the Coast climate—an energetic, spare, nervous but light-hearted creature, capable of enjoying what-


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 ever there may be to enjoy, and incapable of dwelling on discomforts or worries. It is quite possible for a person of this sort to live, and work hard on the Coast for a considerable period, possibly with better health than he would have in England. The full-blooded, corpulent and vigorous should avoid West Africa like the plague. One after another, men and women, who looked, as the saying goes, as if you could take a lease of their lives, I have seen come out and die, and it gives one a sense of horror when they arrive at your West Coast station, for you feel a sort of accessory before the fact to murder, but what can you do except get yourself laughed at as a croaker, and attend the funeral?

The best ways of avoiding the danger of the night air are—to have your evening meal about 6.30 or 7,—8 is too late; sleep under a mosquito curtain whether there are mosquitoes in your district or not, and have a meal before starting out in the morning, a good hot cup of tea or coffee and bread and butter, if you can get it, if not, something left from last night's supper or even aguma, Regarding meals, of course we come to the vexed question of stimulants—all the evidence is in favour of alcohol, of a proper sort, taken at proper times, and in proper quantities, being extremely valuable. Take the case of the missionaries, who are almost all teetotalers, they are young men and women who have to pass a medical examination before coming out, and whose lives on the Coast are far easier than those of other classes of white men, yet the mortality among them is far heavier than in any other class.

Mr. Stanley says that wine is the best form of stimulant, but that it should not be taken before the evening meal. Certainly on the South-West Coast, where a heavy, but sound, red wine imported from Portugal is the common drink, the mortality is less than on the West Coast. Beer has had what one might call a thorough trial in Cameroon since the German occupation and is held by authorities to be the cause in part of the number of cases of hæmaturic fever in that river being greater than in other districts. But this subject requires scientific comparative observation on various parts of the Coast, for Cameroons is at the beginning of the South-West Coast, whereon the percentage of cases of hæmaturic to those of intermittent and remittent fevers is far higher than on the West Coast.

A comparative study of the diseases of the western division of the continent would, I should say, repay a scientific doctor, if he survived. The material he would have to deal with would be


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 enormous, and in addition to the history of hæmaturic he would be confronted with the problem of the form of fever which seems to be a recent addition to West African afflictions, the so-called typhoid malaria, which of late years has come into the Rivers, and apparently come to stay. This fever is, I may remark, practically unknown at present in the South-West Coast regions where the "sun for garbage" plan is adhered to. At present the treatment of all white man's diseases on the Coast practically consists in the treatment of malaria, because whatever disease a person gets hold of takes on a malarial type which masks its true nature. Why, I knew a gentleman who had as fine an attack of the smallpox as any one would not wish to have, and who for days behaved as if he had remittent, and then burst out into the characteristic eruption; and only got all his earthly possessions burnt, and no end of carbolic acid dressings for his pains.

I do not suppose this does much harm, as the malaria is the main thing that wants curing; unless Dr. Plehn is right and quinine is bad in hæmaturia. His success in dealing with this fever seems to support his opinion; and the French doctors on the Coast, who dose it heavily with quinine, have certainly a very heavy percentage of mortality among their patients with the hæmaturic, although in the other forms of malarial fever they very rarely lose a patient.

But to return to those preventive measures, and having done what we can with the air, we will turn our attention to the drinking water, for in addition to malarial microbes the drinking and washing water of West Africa is liable to contain dermazoic and entozoic organisms, and if you don't take care you will get from it into your anatomy Tinea versicolor, Tinea decalvans, Tinea circinata, Tinea sycosis, Tinea favosa, or some other member of that wretched family, let alone being nearly certain to import Trichocephalus dispar, Ascaris lumbricoides, Oxyuris vermicularis, and eight varieties of nematodes, each of them with an awful name of its own, and unpleasant consequences to you, and, lastly, a peculiar abomination, a filaria. This is not, what its euphonious name may lead you to suppose, a fern, but it is a worm which gets into the white of the eye and leads there a lively existence, causing distressing itching, throbbing and pricking sensations, not affecting the sight until it happens to set up inflammation. I have seen the eyes of natives simply swarming with these filariæ. A curious thing about the disease is that it usually commences in one eye, and when that becomes over-populated an emigration society sets


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 out for the other eye, travelling thither under the skin of the bridge of the nose, looking while in transit like the bridge of a pair of spectacles. A similar, but not identical, worm is fairly common on the Ogowé, and is liable to get under the epidermis of any part of the body. Like the one affecting the eye it is very active in its movements, passing rapidly about under the skin and producing terrible pricking and itching, but very trifling inflammation in those cases which I have seen. The treatment consists of getting the thing out, and the thing to be careful of is to get it out whole, for if any part of it is left in, suppuration sets in, so even if you are personally convinced you have got it out successfully it is just as well to wash out the wound with carbolic of Condy’s fluid. The most frequent sufferers from these filariæ are the natives, but white people do get them. I hear there is an account in the Lancet, October 17th, 1894, of one that was extracted from the eye of a European. This case came from Calabar, but the disease is more frequent on the South-West Coast.

Do not confuse this filaria with the Guinea worm, Filaria medinensis, which runs up to ten and twelve feet in length, and whose habits are different. It is more sedentary, but it is in the drinking water inside small crustacea (cyclops). It appears commonly in its human host’s leg, and rapidly grows, curled round and round like a watch-spring, showing raised under the skin. The native treatment of this pest is very cautiously to open the skin over the head of the worm and secure it between a little cleft bit of bamboo and then gradually wind the rest of the affair out. Only a small portion can be wound out at a time, as the wound is very liable to inflame, and should the worm break, it is certain to inflame badly, and a terrible wound will result. You cannot wind it out by the tail because you are then, so to speak, turning its fur the wrong way, and it catches in the wound.

I should, I may remark, strongly advise any one who likes to start early on a canoe journey to see that no native member of the party has a Filaria medinensis on hand; for winding it up is always reserved for a morning job and as many other jobs are similarly reserved it makes for delay.

I know, my friends, that you one and all say that the drinking water at your particular place is of singular beauty and purity, and that you always tell the boys to filter it; but I am convinced that that water is no more to be trusted than the boys, and I am lost in amazement at people of your intelligence trusting the trio of water, boys, and filter, in the way you do. One favourite haunt of mine gets its drinking water from a


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 .—I would in answer to T.'s enquiry (page 80) as to the best methods of preserving fish refer him for full directions to Mr. Montagu Brown's useful manual entitled "Practical Taxidermy," (Bazaar Office, London.)—F.

.—We have had two instances at Highfield House of cocks taking to chickens. In 1837 a Dorking hen died leaving some young chickens, which a Dorking cock took charge of, brooding them like a hen, and rearing the whole number. Last year, (1877) a Duck-wing Bantam cock sat on a single egg, hatched a chicken. brooded it as a hen, and altered his voice in the peculiar tone of a hen with chickens, exhibiting as much care of the chicken us would have been the case with a hen, and attacking in a savage manner anything that came too near the little one.—E. J..

—In reply to C. T. M's request (p. 79, ante) that some of your readers would describe the best method of preserving Fungi, I would refer him to the following sources of information, in either of which he will find all he can possibly require. The authors are practical Mycologists of the highest standing, and nothing can be added to the admirable instructions they give on this subject:—"The Outlines of British Fungology," by the Rev. M. J. Berkeley, a work indispensable to the student of fungi on account of the admirable plates, contains a chapter on the subject; as does also that excellent little work, "Cooke and Berkeley's Fungi: Their Nature, Influences, and Use." Mr. Worthington G. Smith contributed several chapters to "Hardwick's Science Gossip" for 1872, which are evidently the result of his own large experience. If C. J. M. will allow me I would strongly recommend to him what I have found of great value in my own case, namely, to make careful drawings of each species he collects to accompany the dried specimen. So many of the characteristic features of the larger Hymenomycetes pass away in drying that it requires considerable experience to make out a species from herbarium specimens, unaided by drawings, and hence the very general adaption of the practice I recommend among Fungologists.—WILLIAM PARRIS, Shrewsbury.

.— The banks of the roads and lanes in South Devon are in many places for long distances covered with primroses. They often vary in colour, from the ordinary yellow to pure white, both on the sunny and shaded banks. Several of the white varieties were collected last spring, and planted in a garden in good rich soil. This year they have all bloomed freely and the blossoms were of the same pure white colour. In an orchard of the same district, where there were a great number of primroses in blossom beneath the trees, the blossoms of two plants looked like double flowers and one plant had the appearance of a polyanthus with primrose blossoms. The plants were removed and planted in the garden last spring. They all present the same peculiar aspect. Some perfect flowers have appeared, and upon the same plant flowers with the calyces containing five petals, two united by the stalk of the petal, and the three others are separate, (on one stem.) The same polyanthus-looking blossoms are coming out, and on one of the plants are pure double blossoms. Red-coloured primroses are common on the banks of the Teign. It has not fallen to my lot to notice such variety in the colour of primroses, in either Breconshire, Monmouthshire, Herefordshire. or Gloucestershire; and in no instances has a double primrose or one so deformed as above described been seen by me in a wild state before, and far removed from garden grounds, It is very common to meet with double-flowered cuckoo plants in Devonshire, and double-blossomed dwarfed brambles are common. especially in the Forest of Dean, Gloucestershire.—, Stroud.


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 cemented hole in the back yard into which drains a very strong-smelling black little swamp, which is surrounded by a ridge of sandy ground, on which are situated several groups of native houses, whose inhabitants enhance their fortunes and their drainage by taking in washing. At Fernando Po the other day I was assured as usual that the water was perfection, "beautiful spring coming down from the mountain," &c. In the course of the afternoon affairs took me up the mountain to Basile, for the first part of the way along the course of the said stream. The first objects of interest I observed in the drinking-water supply were four natives washing themselves and their clothes; the next was the bloated body of a dead goat reposing in a pellucid pool. The path then left the course of the stream, but on arriving in the region of its source I found an interesting little colony of Spanish families which had been imported out whole, children and all, by the Government. They had a nice, neat little cemetery attached, which his excellency the doctor told me was "stocked mostly with children, who were always dying off from worms." Good, so far, for the drinking water! and as to what that beautiful stream was soaking up when it was round corners—I did not see it so I do not know—but I will be bound it was some abomination or another. But it’s no use talking, it's the same all along, Sierra Leone, Grain Coast, Ivory Coast, Gold Coast, Lagos, Rivers, Cameroon, Congo Français, Kacongo, Congo Belge, and Angola. When you ask your white friends how they can be so reckless about the water, which, as they know, is a decoction of the malarious earth, exposed night and day to the malarious air, they all up and say theirs is not; they have "got an awfully good filter, and they tell the boys," &c., and that they themselves often put wine or spirit in the water to kill the microbes. Vanity, vanity! At each and every place I know, men have died and worms have eaten them. The safest way of dealing with water I knew is to boil it hard for ten minutes at least, and then instantly pour it into a jar with a narrow neck, which plug up with a wad of fresh cotton-wool—not a cork; and should you object to the flat taste of boiled water, plunge into it a bit of red-hot iron, which will make it more agreeable in taste. Before boiling the water you can carefully filter it if you like. A good filter is a very fine thing for clearing drinking water of hippopotami, crocodiles, water snakes, catfish, &c., and I daresay it will stop back sixty per cent. of the live or dead African natives that may be in it; but if you think it is going to stop back the microbe of marsh fever—my good sir, you are mistaken. And remember that you must give up cold


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 water, boiled or unboiled, altogether; for if you take the boiled or filtered water and put it into one of those water-coolers, and leave it hanging exposed to night air or day on the verandah, you might just as well save yourself the trouble of boiling it at all.

Next in danger to the diseases come the remedies for them. Let the new-comer remember, in dealing with quinine, calomel, arsenic, and spirits, that they are not castor sugar nor he a glass bottle, but let him use them all—the two first fairly frequently—not waiting for an attack of fever and then ladleing them into himself with a spoon. The third, arsenic—a drug much thought of by the French, who hold that if you establish an arsenic cachexia you do not get a malarial one—should not be taken except under a doctor's orders. Spirit is undoubtedly extremely valuable when, from causes beyond your control, you have got a chill. Remember always your life hangs on quinine, and that it is most important to keep the system sensitive to it, which you do not do if you keep on pouring in heavy doses of it for nothing and you make yourself deaf into the bargain. I have known people take sixty grains of quinine in a day for a bilious attack and turn it into a disease they only got through by the skin of their teeth; but the prophylactic action of quinine is its great one, as it only has power over malarial microbes at a certain state of their development,—the fully matured microbe it does not affect to any great degree—and therefore by taking it when in a malarious district, say, in a dose of five grains a day, you keep down the malaria which you are bound, even with every care, to get into your system. When you have got very chilled or over-tired, take an extra five grains with a little wine or spirit at any time, and when you know, by reason of aching head and limbs and a sensation of a stream of cold water down your back and an awful temper, that you are in for a fever, send for a doctor if you can. If, as generally happens, there is no doctor near to send for, take a compound calomel and colocynth pill, fifteen grains of quinine and a grain of opium, and go to bed wrapped up in the best blanket available. When safely there take lashings of hot tea or, what is better, a hot drink made from fresh lime-juice, strong and without sugar—fresh limes are almost always to be had—if not, bottled lime-juice does well. Then, in the hot stage, don't go fanning about, nor in the perspiring stage, for if you get a chill then you may turn a mild dose of fever into a fatal one. If, however, you keep conscientiously rolled in your blanket until the perspiring stage is well over, and stay in


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