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 Maubeuge is a fortified town, with a very good inn, the Grand Cerf. It seemed to be inhabited principally by soldiers and bagmen; at least, these were all that we saw, except the hotel servants. We had to stay there some time, for the canoes were in no hurry to follow us, and at last stuck hopelessly in the custom-house until we went back to liberate them. There was nothing to do, nothing to see. We had good meals, which was a great matter; but that was all.

The Cigarette was nearly taken up upon a charge of drawing the fortifications: a feat of which he was hopelessly incapable. And besides, as I suppose each belligerent nation has a plan of the other's fortified places already, these precautions are of the nature of shutting the stable door after the steed is away. But I have no doubt they help to keep up a good spirit at home. It is a great thing if you can persuade


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 people that they are somehow or other partakers in a mystery. It makes them feel bigger. Even the Freemasons, who have been shown up to satiety, preserve a kind of pride; and not a grocer among them, however honest, harmless and empty-headed he may feel himself to be at bottom, but comes home from one of their cœnacula with a portentous significance for himself.

It is an odd thing, how happily two people, if there are two, can live in a place where they have no acquaintance. I think the spectacle of a whole life in which you have no part paralyses personal desire. You are content to become a mere spectator. The baker stands in his door; the colonel with his three medals goes by to the café at night; the troops drum and trumpet and man the ramparts, as bold as so many lions. It would task language to say how placidly you behold all this. In a place

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 where you have taken some root, you are provoked out of your indifference; you have a hand in the game; your friends are fighting with the army. But in a strange town, not small enough to grow too soon familiar, nor so large as to have laid itself out for travellers, you stand so far apart from the business, that you positively forget it would be possible to go nearer; you have so little human interest around you, that you do not remember yourself to be a man. Perhaps, in a very short time, you would be one no longer. Gymnosophists go into a wood, with all nature seething around them, with romance on every side; it would be much more to the purpose if they took up their abode in a dull country town, where they should see just so much of humanity as to keep them from desiring more, and only the stale externals of man's life. These externals are as dead to us as so many formalities, and speak a dead language in our


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 Rh

Distr. General

A/45/367 S/21427 2 August 1990

Original: English

General Assembly Forty-fifth session Item 35 of the provisional agenda

The situation in the Middle East

Letter dated 2 August 1990 from the Permanent Representative of Japan to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General

I have the honour to transmit herewith the text of a statement issued on 2 August 1990 by the Chief Cabinet Minister of Japan on the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait (see annex).

I should be grateful if you would arrange to have the text of the present letter and its annex circulated as an official document of the General Assembly, under item 35 of the provisional agenda, and of the Security Council.

90-179491837j (E)


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 eyes and ears. They have no more meaning than an oath or a salutation. We are so much accustomed to see married couples going to church of a Sunday that we have clean forgotten what they represent; and novelists are driven to rehabilitate adultery, no less, when they wish to show us what a beautiful thing it is for a man and a woman to live for each other.

One person in Maubeuge, however, showed me something more than his outside. That was the driver of the hotel omnibus: a mean-enough looking little man, as well as I can remember; but with a spark of something human in his soul. He had heard of our little journey, and came to me at once in envious sympathy. How he longed to travel! he told me. How he longed to be somewhere else, and see the round world before he went into the grave! "Here I am," said he. "I drive to the station. Well. And then I drive back again


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464 character, ought to be the primary object. Nor should these be confined to works of a religious nature; but the selection should include books of instruction, and even amusement. History, geography, elementary works on arts and sciences, would be extremely acceptable to the people; and the acquisition of knowledge would be the first step towards throwing aside their absurd system of idolatry. That the missionaries themselves should learn to speak the languages of the country with correctness and propriety, is indispensable.

Much might be done by the clergy of the Established Church. At large stations, where there are many English troops, their time is much occupied by the duties among the European population, in visiting the sick in the hospitals, in weekly lectures, and a variety of other occupations; still, amidst all this labour, there are many who might, and a few who do, find leisure for the superintendence of native schools. At some of the smaller stations, the clergymen have scarcely any duty to perform except the weekly service. Some of these gentlemen exhibit a very laudable anxiety to benefit the natives; while others, I regret to say, appear wholly indifferent on the subject, and, if invited to exertion, excuse themselves on the plea that their duties lie among the Christian population, and that they have nothing to do with the heathens. It is remarkable that, generally speaking, those clergymen who have the hardest work in their own immediate sphere, are those that exert themselves most for the benefit of the people. It would be highly expedient if a knowledge of Hindostanee were an indispensable requisite to the appointment of a chaplain to a district; and that the superintendence of a native school should constitute a part of their regular work, in all those stations where the duties among the Christian population are not too heavy to allow it, which school it is the duty of Government to establish without delay.

I do not apprehend the slightest fear of any excitement being created among the people, by any endeavours either to diffuse education among them, or convert them to Christianity, provided they be made with temper and judgment. They would hail any assistance in the way of education with the greatest joy; and


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40 40 THE KING OF SCHNORRERS.

tion with a beautiful brunette who was tasting the cool of the evening in a sedan chair, and it was with a touch of asperity that she said : " Cook complains of being insulted by a saucy fellow who brought home your fish."

" Oh ! " said poor Grobstock. Was he never to be done with the man?

" How came you to send him to her? "

His anger against Manasseh resurged under his wife's peevishness.

"My dear," he cried, "I did not send him anywhere — except to the devil."

" Joseph ! You might keep such language for the ears of creatures in sedan chairs."

And Mrs. Grobstock flounced out of the room with a rustle of angry satin.

When Wilkinson reappeared, limp and tired, with his pompousness exuded in perspiration, he sought his master with a message, which he delivered ere the flood of interro- gation could burst from Grobstock's lips.

" Mr. da Costa presents his compliments, and says that he has decided on reconsideration not to break his promise to be with you on Friday evening."

" Oh, indeed ! " said Grobstock grimly. " And, pray, how came you to carry his box ? "

" You told me to, sir ! "

"/ told you ! "

" I mean he told me you told me to," said Wilkinson wonderingly. " Didn't you ? "

Grobstock hesitated. Since Manasseh would be his guest, was it not imprudent to give him away to the livery- servant? Besides, he felt a secret pleasure in Wilkinson's humiliation — but for the Schnorrer he would never have known that Wilkinson's gold lace concealed a pliable per-


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41 THE KING OE SCHNORRERS. 41

sonality. The proverb " Like master like man " did not occur to Grobstock at this juncture.

"I only meant you to carry it to a coach," he murmured.

" He said it was not worth while — the distance was so short."

u Ah! Did you see his house?" enquired Grobstock curiously.

" Yes ; a very fine house in Aldgate, with a handsome portico and two stone lions."

Grobstock strove hard not to look surprised.

" I handed the box to the footman."

Grobstock strove harder.

Wilkinson ended with a weak smile : " Would you believe, sir, I thought at first he brought home your fish ! He dresses so peculiarly. He must be an original."

"Yes, yes; an eccentric like Baron D'Aguilar, whom he visits," said Grobstock eagerly. He wondered, indeed, whether he was not speaking the truth. Could he have been the victim of a practical joke, a prank? Did not a natural aristocracy ooze from every pore of his mysterious visitor? Was not every tone, every gesture, that of a man born to rule? "You must remember, too," he added, "that he is a Spaniard."

" Ah, I see," said Wilkinson in profound accents.

" I daresay he dresses like everybody else, though, when he dines or sups out," Grobstock added lightly. " I only brought him in by accident. But go to your mistress ! She wants you."

" Yes, sir. Oh, by the way, I forgot to tell you he hopes you will save him a slice of his salmon."

" Go to your mistress ! "

" You did not tell me a Spanish nobleman was coming to us on Friday," said his spouse later in the evening.


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42 42 THE KING OF SCHNORRERS.

u

No," he admitted curtly.

"But is he?"

" No — at least, not a nobleman."

" What then ? I have to learn about my guests from my servants."

" Apparently."

" Oh ! and you think that's right ! "

" To gossip with your servants? Certainly not."

"If my husband will not tell me anything — if he has only eyes for sedan chairs."

Joseph thought it best to kiss Mrs. Grobstock.

"A fellow- Director, I suppose?" she urged, more mildly.

" A fellow-Israelite. He has promised to come at six."

Manasseh was punctual to the second. Wilkinson ushered him in. The hostess had robed herself in her best to do honour to a situation which her husband awaited with what hope he could. She looked radiant in a gown of blue silk ; her hair was done in a tuft and round her neck was an " esclavage," consisting of festoons of gold chains. The Sabbath table was equally festive with its ponderous silver candelabra, coffee-urn, and consecration cup, its flower- vases, and fruit-salvers. The dining-room itself was a handsome apartment ; its buffets glittered with Venetian glass and Dresden porcelain, and here and there gilt pedestals supported globes of gold and silver fish.

At the first glance at his guest Grobstock's blood ran cold.

Manasseh had not turned a hair, nor changed a single garment. At the next glance Grobstock's blood boiled. A second figure loomed in Manasseh's wake — a short Schnorrer, even dingier than da Costa, and with none of his dignity, a clumsy, stooping Sclmorrer, with a cajoling grin on his mud- coloured, hairy face. Neither removed his headgear.


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Rh Mrs. Grobstock remained glued to her chair in astonishment.

"Peace be unto you,"

said the King of Schnorrers, "I

have brought with me my friend Yankelé ben Yitzchok of whom I told you."

Yankelé nodded, grinning harder than ever.

"You never told me he was coming," Grobstock rejoined, with an apoplectic air.


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44 44 THE KING OF SCHNORRERS.

" Did I not tell you that he always supped with me on Friday evenings?" Manasseh reminded him quietly. " It is so good of him to accompany me even here — he will make the necessary third at grace."

The host took a frantic surreptitious glance at his wife. It was evident that her brain was in a whirl, the evidence of her senses conflicting with vague doubts of the possibilities of Spanish grandeeism and with a lingering belief in her husband's sanity.

Grobstock resolved to snatch the benefit of her doubts. "My dear," said he, " this is Mr. da Costa."

" Manasseh Bueno Barzillai Azevedo da Costa," said the Schnorrer.

The dame seemed a whit startled and impressed. She bowed, but words of welcome were still congealed in her throat.

"And this is Yankele ben Yitzchok," added Manasseh. "A poor friend of mine. I do not doubt, Mrs. Grobstock, that as a pious woman, the daughter of Moses Bernberg (his memory for a blessing), you prefer grace with three."

"Any friend of yours is welcome ! " She found her lips murmuring the conventional phrase without being able to check their output.

" I never doubted that either," said Manasseh gracefully. " Is not the hospitality of Moses Bernberg's beautiful daugh- ter a proverb? "

Moses Bernberg's daughter could not deny this ; her salon was the rendezvous of rich bagmen, brokers and bankers, tempered by occasional young bloods and old bucks not of the Jewish faith (nor any other). But she had never before encountered a personage so magnificently shabby, nor ex- tended her proverbial hospitality to a Polish Schnorre?' un- compromisingly musty. Joseph did not dare meet her eye.


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46 46 THE KING OF SCHNORRERS.

" Sit down there, Yankele," he said hurriedly, in ghastly genial accents, and he indicated a chair at the farthest pos- sible point from the hostess. He placed Manasseh next to his Polish parasite, and seated himself as a buffer between his guests and his wife. He was burning with inward indig- nation at the futile rifling of his wardrobe, but he dared not say anything in the hearing of his spouse.

" It is a beautiful custom, this of the Sabbath guest, is it not, Mrs. Grobstock ? " remarked Manasseh as he took his seat. "I never neglect it — even when I go out to the Sabbath-meal as to-night."

The late Miss Bernberg was suddenly reminded of auld lang syne : her father (who according to a wag of the period had divided his time between the Law and the profits) hav- ing been a depositary of ancient tradition. Perhaps these obsolescent customs, unsuited to prosperous times, had lingered longer among the Spanish grandees. She seized an early opportunity, when the Sephardic Schnorrer was taking his coffee from Wilkinson, of putting the question to her husband, who fell in weakly with her illusions. He knew there was no danger of Manasseh's beggarly status leaking out ; no expressions of gratitude were likely to fall from that gentleman's lips. He even hinted that da Costa dressed so fustily to keep his poor friend in countenance. Neverthe- less, Mrs. Grobstock, while not without admiration for the Quixotism, was not without resentment for being dragged into it. She felt that such charity should begin and end at home.

" I see you did save me a slice of salmon," said Manasseh, manipulating his fish.

" What salmon was that?" asked the hostess, pricking up her ears.

" One I had from Mr. da Costa on Wednesday," said the host.


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47 THE KING OF SCHNORRERS. 47

" Oh, that ! It was delicious. I am sure it was very kind of you, Mr. da Costa, to make us such a nice present," said the hostess, her resentment diminishing. " We had company last night, and everybody praised it till none was left. This is another, but I hope it is to your liking," she finished anxiously.

"Yes, it's very fair, very fair, indeed. I don't know when I've tasted better, except at the house of the President of the Deputados. But Yankele" here is a connoisseur in fish, not easy to please. What say you, Yankele?"

Yankele munched a muffled approval.

" Help yourself to more bread and butter, Yankele," said Manasseh. "Make yourself at home — remember you're my guest." Silently he added : "The other fork ! "

Grobstock's irritation found vent in a complaint that the salad wanted vinegar.

"How can you say so? It's perfect," said Mrs. Grob- stock. " Salad is cook's speciality."

Manasseh tasted it critically. " On salads you must come to me," he said. " It does not want vinegar," was his ver- dict ; " but a little more oil would certainly improve it. Oh, there is no one dresses salad like Hyman ! "

Hyman's fame as the Kosher chef who superintended the big dinners at the London Tavern had reached Mrs. Grobstock's ears, and she was proportionately im- pressed.

" They say his pastry is so good," she observed, to be in the running.

" Yes," said Manasseh, " in kneading and puffing he stands alone."

" Our cook's tarts are quite as nice," said Grobstock roughly.

"We shall see," Manasseh replied guardedly. "Though,


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48 48 THE KING OF SCHNORRERS.

as for almond-cakes, Hyman himself makes none better than I get from my cousin, Barzillai of Fenchurch Street."

" Your cousin ! " exclaimed Grobstock, " the West Indian merchant ! "

"The same — formerly of Barbadoes. Still, your cook knows how to make coffee, though I can tell you do not get it direct from the plantation like the wardens of my Syna- gogue."

Grobstock was once again piqued with curiosity as to the Schnorrer' s identity.

" You accuse me of having stone figures in my house," he said boldly, " but what about the lions in front of yours? "

" I have no lions," said Manasseh.

" Wilkinson told me so. Didn't you, Wilkinson? "

" Wilkinson is a slanderer. That was the house of Na- thaniel Furtado."

Grobstock began to choke with chagrin. He perceived at once that the Schnorrer had merely had the clothes con- veyed direct to the house of a wealthy private dealer.

"Take care!" exclaimed the Schnorrer anxiously, " you are spluttering sauce all over that waistcoat, without any consideration for me."

Joseph suppressed himself with an effort. Open discus- sion would betray matters to his wife, and he was now too deeply enmeshed in falsehoods by default. But he managed to whisper angrily, " Why did you tell Wilkinson I ordered him to carry your box? "

" To save your credit in his eyes. How was he to know we had quarrelled ? He would have thought you discour- teous to your guest."

"That's all very fine. But why did you sell my clothes? "

"You did not expect me to wear them? No, I know my station, thank God."


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49 THE KING OF SCHNORRERS. 40

"What is that you are saying, Mr. da Costa?" asked the hostess.

" Oh, we are talking of Dan Mendoza," replied Grobstock glibly ; " wondering if he'll beat Dick Humphreys at Don- caster."

" Oh, Joseph, didn't you have enough of Dan Mendoza at supper last night?" protested his wife.

" It is not a subject /ever talk about," said the Schnor- re7' y fixing his host with a reproachful glance.

Grobstock desperately touched his foot under the table, knowing he was selling his soul to the King of Schnorrers, but too flaccid to face the moment.

" No, da Costa doesn't usually," he admitted. " Only Dan Mendoza being a Portuguese I happened to ask if he was ever seen in the Synagogue."

" If I had my way," growled da Costa, " he should be excommunicated — a bruiser, a defacer of God's image ! "

" By gad, no ! " cried Grobstock, stirred up. " If you had seen him lick the Badger in thirty-five minutes on a twenty-four foot stage — "

"Joseph ! Joseph ! Remember it is the Sabbath ! " cried Mrs. Grobstock.

" I would willingly exchange our Dan Mendoza for your David Levi," said da Costa severely.

David Levi was the literary ornament of the Ghetto ; a shoe-maker and hat-dresser who cultivated Hebrew philology and the Muses, and broke a lance in defence of his creed with Dr. Priestley, the discoverer of Oxygen, and Tom Paine, the discoverer of Reason.

" Pshaw ! David Levi ! The mad hatter ! " cried Grob- stock. " He makes nothing at all out of his books."

"You should subscribe for more copies," retorted Ma- nasseh.


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50 50 THE KING OF SCHNORRERS.

"I would if you wrote them," rejoined Grobstock, with a grimace.

" I got six copies of his Lingua Sacra" Manasseh de- clared with dignity, " and a dozen of his translation of the Pentateuch."

" You can afford it ! " snarled Grobstock, with grim humour. " I have to earn my money."

"It is very good of Mr. da Costa, all the same," inter- posed the hostess. " How many men, born to great posses- sions, remain quite indifferent to learning ! "

"True, most true," said da Costa. " Men-of-the-Earth, most of them."

After supper he trolled the Hebrew grace hilariously, assisted by Yankele, and ere he left he said to the hostess, "May the Lord bless you with children ! "

"Thank you," she answered, much moved.

" You see I should be so pleased to marry your daughter if you had one."

"You are very complimentary," she murmured, but her husband's exclamation drowned hers, " You marry my daughter ! "

" Who else moves among better circles — would be more easily able to find her a suitable match? "

" Oh, in that sense," said Grobstock, mollified in one direction, irritated in another.

" In what other sense ? You do not think I, a Sephardi, would marry her myself! "

" My daughter does not need your assistance," replied Grobstock shortly.

" Not yet," admitted Manasseh, rising to go ; " but when the time comes, where will you find a better marriage broker? I have had a finger in the marriage of greater men's daughters. You see, when I recommend a maiden


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51 THE KING OF SCHNORRERS. 51

or a young man it is from no surface knowledge. I have seen them in the intimacy of their homes — above all I am able to say whether they are of a good, charitable disposition. Good Sabbath ! "

" Good Sabbath," murmured the host and hostess in fare- well. Mrs. Grobstock thought he need not be above shak- ing hands, for all his grand acquaintances.

"This way, Yankele," said Manasseh, showing him to the door. " I am so glad you were able to come — you must come again."

CHAPTER III.

SHOWING HOW HIS MAJESTY WENT TO THE THEATRE AND

WAS WOOED.

As Manasseh the Great, first beggar in Europe, sauntered across Goodman's Fields, attended by his Polish parasite, both serenely digesting the supper provided by the Treas- urer of the Great Synagogue, Joseph Grobstock, a mar- tial music clove suddenly the quiet evening air, and set the Schnorrers' pulses bounding. From the Tenterground emerged a squad of recruits, picturesque in white fatigue dress, against which the mounted officers showed gallant in blue surtouts and scarlet-striped trousers.

" Ah ! " said da Costa, with swelling breast. " There go my soldiers ! "

Your soldiers ! " ejaculated Yankele in astonishment. Yes — do you not see they are returning to the India House in Leadenhall Street?"

"And vat of dat? " said Yankele, shrugging his shoulders and spreading out his palms.

" What of that? Surely you have not forgotten that the


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52 clodpate at whose house I have just entertained you is a Director of the East India Company, whose soldiers these are?"

"Oh," said Yankelé, his mystified face relaxing in a smile. The smile fled before the stern look in the Spaniard's eyes; he hastened to conceal his amusement. Yankelé was by nature a droll, and it cost him a good deal to take his patron as seriously as that potentate took himself. Perhaps if Manasseh Bueno Barzillai Azevedo da Costa had had more humour he would have had less momentum. Your man of action is blind in


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 to the hotel. And so on every day and all the week round. My God, is that life?" I could not say I thought it was—for him. He pressed me to tell him where I had been, and where I hoped to go; and as he listened, I declare the fellow sighed. Might not this have been a brave African traveller, or gone to the Indies after Drake? But it is an evil age for the gypsily inclined among men. He who can sit squarest on a three-legged stool, he it is who has the wealth and glory.

I wonder if my friend is still driving the omnibus for the Grand Cerf? Not very likely, I believe; for I think he was on the eve of mutiny when we passed through, and perhaps our passage determined him for good. Better a thousand times that he should be a tramp, and mend pots and pans by the wayside, and sleep under trees, and see the dawn and the sunset every day above a new horizon. I think


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53 THE KING OF SCHNORRERS. 63

one eye. Caesar would not have come and conquered if he had really seen.

Wounded by that temporary twinkle in his client's eye, the patron moved on silently, in step with the military air.

" It is a beautiful night," observed Yankele in contrition. The words had hardly passed his lips before he became con- scious that he had spoken the truth. The moon was peep- ing from behind a white cloud, and the air was soft, and broken shadows of foliage lay across the path, and the music was a song of love and bravery. Somehow, Yankele began to think of da Costa's lovely daughter. Her face floated in the moonlight.

Manasseh shrugged his shoulders, unappeased.

" When one has supped well, it is always a beautiful night," he said testily. It was as if the cloud had overspread the moon, and a thick veil had fallen over the face of da Costa's lovely daughter. But Yankele recovered himself quickly.

" Ah, yes," he said, " you have indeed made it a beau- diful night for me."

The King of Schnorrers waved his staff deprecatingly.

" It is alvays a beaudiful night ven I am mid you,' 1 added Yankele, undaunted.

" It is strange," replied Manasseh musingly, " that I should have admitted to my hearth and Grobstock's table one who is, after all, but a half-brother in Israel."

" But Grobstock is also a Tedesco," protested Yankele.

" That is also what I wonder at," rejoined da Costa. " I cannot make out how I have come to be so familiar with him."

" You see ! " ventured the Tedesco timidly. " P'raps ven Grobstock had really had a girl you might even have come to marry her."


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54 "Guard your tongue ! A Sephardi cannot marry a Te- desco ! It would be a degradation."

"Yes — but de oder vay round. A Tedesco can marry a Sephardi, not so? Dat is a rise. If Grobstock's daughter had married you, she vould have married above her," he ended, with an ingenuous air.

"True," admitted Manasseh. "But then, as Grobstock's daughter does not exist, and my wife does — !"

"Ah, but if you vas me," said Yankele, "vould you radcr marry a Tedesco or a Sephardi?"

"A Sephardi, of course. But — "

"I vill be guided by you," interrupted the Pole hastily. "You be de visest man I have ever known."

"But — " Manasseh repeated.

" Do not deny it. You be ! Instantly vill I seek out a Sephardi maiden and ved her. P'raps you crown your counsel by choosing von for me. Vat?"

Manasseh was visibly mollified.

"How do I know your taste?" he asked hesitatingly.

"Oh, any Spanish girl would be a prize," replied Yankele. " Even ven she had a face like a Passover cake. But still I prefer a Pentecost blossom."

" What kind of beauty do you like best?"

"Your daughter's style," plumply answered the Pole.

"But there are not many like that," said da Costa unsus- piciously.

"No — she is like de Rose of Sharon. But den dere are not many handsome faders."

Manasseh bethought himself. " There is Gabriel, the corpse-watcher's daughter. People consider his figure and deportment good."

" Pooh ! Offal ! She's ugly enough to keep de Messiah from coming. Vy, she's like cut out of de fader's face !


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 I hear you say that it is a respectable position to drive an omnibus? Very well. What right has he who likes it not, to keep those who would like it dearly out of this respectable position? Suppose a dish were not to my taste, and you told me that it was a favourite amongst the rest of the company, what should I conclude from that? Not to finish the dish against my stomach, I suppose.

Respectability is a very good thing in its way, but it does not rise superior to all considerations. I would not for a moment venture to hint that it was a matter of taste; but I think I will go as far as this: that if a position is admittedly unkind, uncomfortable, unnecessary, and superfluously useless, although it were as respectable as the Church of England, the sooner a man is out of it, the better for himself, and all concerned.


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title: An Inland Voyage/Chapter 4


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A/45/367 S/21427 English Page 2 Annex

Statement issued on 2 August 1990 by the Chief Cabinet Minister of Japan on the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait

The Government of Japan deeply regrets that, at dawn on 2 August local time, Iraqi forces invaded Kuwait territory.

The Government of Japan, watching the development of the situation with great concern, demands the immediate withdrawal of Iraqi forces. It strongly hopes that the issues between Iraq and Kuwait will be settled peacefully, through dialogue and without the use of armed forces. - - - - -


text: Letter from the Permanent Representative of Japan to the United Nations to the Secretary-General (S-21427)


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three in the afternoon the whole establishment of the Grand Cerf accompanied us to the water's edge. The man of the omnibus was there with haggard eyes. Poor cagebird! Do I not remember the time when I myself haunted the station, to watch train after train carry its complement of freemen into the night, and read the names of distant places on the time-bills with indescribable longings?

We were not clear of the fortifications before the rain began. The wind was contrary, and blew in furious gusts; nor were the aspects of nature any more clement than the doings of the sky. For we passed through a stretch of


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Rh whatever was done for them by Government would conciliate their affection, and diminish their dislike to the British rule. Even direct attempts at conversion, by individuals, if accompanied with delicacy and mildness of argument, so far from offending them, would only raise us in their estimation, as affording evidence that we were sincere in the belief of our own religion; particularly if our conduct were consistent with our professions, and our practice proved the efficacy of our faith. Those missionaries and clergy who are good linguists, who treat the people with civility and consideration, and who argue with temper and forbearance, are highly respected by the people. Mr. T., at Delhi, is one of this character. I have seen him at the fair, surrounded by natives from all parts of India, both of our own and of foreign territories, and was quite surprised and delighted to observe the respect with which he was treated. Instead of making him the salutation which is usual to a temporal superior, the greater number, on approaching him, performed the dandwut (mode of salutation to a Brahmin). Some of the established clergy, who have pursued the proper means to attain this end, have been equally respected by them. It would, perhaps, be a prudent precaution to prohibit any direct attempts at conversion, in the schools established by Government, nor should the study of religious works be compulsory as school books. Such books should, however, be placed within their reach, for all who chose to consult them. There would be no necessity to extend this prohibition to the schools established by missionaries or private individuals with their own funds, nor should any check be given to the attempts at conversion made by those gentlemen: there is not much fear, in the present day, of their running into extravagances which formerly were too common; if they do, they will lose, instead of gaining ground. They may be safely left to their own discretion, and all that is required from Government is non-interference either way, not to be ashamed of acknowledging that the English have a religion, and, above all things, not to persecute those natives who become converts to that which we profess.

It is probable that a more judicious selection of books on  2H


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 blighted country, sparsely covered with brush, but handsomely enough diversified with factory chimneys. We landed in a soiled meadow among some pollards, and there smoked a pipe in a flaw of fair weather. But the wind blew so hard, we could get little else to smoke. There were no natural objects in the neighbourhood, but some sordid workshops. A group of children headed by a tall girl stood and watched us from a little distance all the time we stayed. I heartily wonder what they thought of us.

At Hautmont, the lock was almost impassable; the landing-place being steep and high, and the launch at a long distance. Near a dozen grimy workmen lent us a hand. They refused any reward; and, what is much better, refused it handsomely, without conveying any sense of insult. "It is a way we have in our countryside," said they. And a very becoming way it is. In Scotland, where also you will get services


text: Index:Letter from the Permanent Mission of the Islamic Republic of Iran to the United Nations to the Secretary-General (S-21428).pdf


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 the lower animals, vegetation, the atmosphere, sun- light, water and earth, can only be determined by the study of the things which are," and by searching out the secrets of Nature by every means which human ingenuity can devise.

The great causes of strife and uncharitableness have been found in questions which are insusceptible of proof. So soon as proof is furnished by an appeal to experiment all excuse for quarrelling is gone. Who now thinks of vituperating his neigh- bour because of his views as to the movement of the earth or its probable age?

Our study of the things which are makes for good morals. In relation to the purity of air and water the one thing essential is that we love our neighbour as ourself, and that we do unto others as we would they should do unto us. Until the individual reaches this stage of civilisation there can be no permanent advance.

I may, perhaps, here be permitted to state my belief that our relationship to the earth is definite and inexorable, and that until this is recognised by the individual and the individual is encouraged to act as his moral senso directs we shall be in danger of unnecessary overcrowding, sterile soil, polluted rivers, putrid estuarics, and poisonous molluses.

It is our neglect of duty in this respect which (among other things) is bringing ruin to many of our endowed charities and seats of learning, which, while they derive a diminished income from their


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 for nothing, the good people reject your money as if you had been trying to corrupt a voter. When people take the trouble to do dignified acts, it is worth while to take a little more, and allow the dignity to be common to all concerned. But in our brave Saxon countries, where we plod threescore years and ten in the mud, and the wind keeps singing in our ears from birth to burial, we do our good and bad with a high hand and almost offensively; and make even our alms a witness-bearing and an act of war against the wrong.

After Hautmont, the sun came forth again and the wind went down; and a little paddling took us beyond the iron-works and through a delectable land. The river wound among low hills, so that sometimes the sun was at our backs, and sometimes it stood right ahead, and the river before us was one sheet of intolerable glory. On either hand, meadows and orchards bordered,


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 estates, are being crippled by the burden of local taxation, much of which is levied with the express object of carrying fertilising matter to the sea.

Great as are the positive gains of research, the negative advantages are scarcely less important. When a question is moved from the region of conjecture to the region of fact, we not only increase the sum of knowledge but we diminish the stock of error. The need of controversy vanishes, and we cut the ground from beneath the fect of the quack. Those who now "fall into the hands of the physician," are at least not subjected to treatment which has been proved to be useless. This is a negative gain. I do not claim for medicine any monopoly of quackery. That would not be correct. The money-changers are ever in the Temple, and false prophets abound. There are plenty of theo- logical quacks, political quacks, legal quacks, and commercial quacks. There is no quack more dangerous to the Commonwealth than the enthusiastic politician posturing as a philanthropist, ever eager to incorporate each new scientific fledgling in an Act of Parliament, and who forgets that the authority of the law may check progress, as surely as did the authority of medieval theology. We used to say "De minimis non curat lex," but this maxim is scarcely applicable to modern legislation, much of which leads mainly to wasteful litigation, the infliction of trumpery fines and considerable costs, and the maintenance of social parasites.


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 with a margin of sedge and water flowers, upon the river. The hedges were of great height, woven about the trunks of hedgerow elms; and the fields, as they were often very small, looked like a series of bowers along the stream. There was never any prospect; sometimes a hill-top with its trees would look over the nearest hedgerow, just to make a middle distance for the sky; but that was all. The heaven was bare of clouds. The atmosphere, after the rain, was of enchanting purity. The river doubled among the hillocks, a shining strip of mirror glass; and the dip of the paddles set the flowers shaking along the brink.

In the meadows wandered black and white cattle fantastically marked. One beast, with a white head and the rest of the body glossy black, came to the edge to drink, and stood gravely twitching his ears at me as I went by, like some sort of preposterous clergyman in a


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 There have always been two schools of thought in regard to scientific inquiry. One school, fearful lest inquiry into proximate causes should lessen our reverence for the ultimate cause, protests that "all is vanity," and he that increaseth knowledge, increaseth sorrow." The other school finds in wisdom a spirit "clear in utterance. . . unpolluted ... loving what is good . . . an effulgence from everlasting light, and an unspotted mirror of the working of God." It is quite impossible not to admit that our increased knowledge of the laws which regulate the visible universe has increased our living faith and added to the glory of God, while it has made it more difficult for men to make gods after their own image and use them for their own purposes. Modern medicine is teaching us that much bodily suffering is due to man's wilful neglect of the beneficent laws of nature. That diseases are due to ignorance and disregard of law, and are not "sent" as scourges by a etulant and capricious deity is clearly a doctrine which, in no way, dims the glory of God.

That "the steadfast searching out of the secrets of nature by way of experiment is the most promising path to social progress," is a doctrine which at no time has commanded universal assent. There have always been fatalists, who have argued that we must accept, without question, what is sent us; that we must bow in submission to a " will" without really seeking to find out what that "will" is.


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 play. A moment after I heard a loud plunge, and, turning my head, saw the clergyman struggling to shore. The bank had given way under his feet.

Besides the cattle, we saw no living things except a few birds and a great many fishermen. These sat along the edges of the meadows, sometimes with one rod, sometimes with as many as half a score. They seemed stupefied with contentment; and when we induced them to exchange a few words with us about the weather, their voices sounded quiet and far away. There was a strange diversity of opinion among them as to the kind of fish for which they set their lures; although they were all agreed in this, that the river was abundantly supplied. Where it was plain that no two of them had ever caught the same kind of fish, we could not help suspecting that perhaps not any one of them had ever caught a fish at all. I


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 There have always been trustful souls-saved and half-saved-persons with idées fixes to whom mental progress is painful-who see sin where none is, and who find blasphemy in the simplest acts; for, as Shakspeare says, "there is nothing either good or bad but thinking makes it so." Puschmann re- cords how the nuns of Bologna were offended by the skill and enterprise of Tagliacozzi, the great master of plastic surgery who, as they alleged, had been guilty of blasphemy by presuming to alter the human form. These poor ladies were tormented by voices which repeated the words "Tagliacozzi is damned," and it is recorded that their phrensy was not quieted until the body of the surgeon had been exhumed and re-interred in unconsecrated ground. It is barely half a century since the use of anæs- thetics for the relief of the pangs of labour was denounced as an impiety and contrary to Scripture, and nowadays there are those who object to the simplest and most obvious measures for preventing syphilis, and in the name of purity denounce any attempt to mercifully restrain those whose profession it is to traffick in impurity. The plain practical duty of the physician, however, is to prevent, cure, or alleviate disease by the most direct methods. Those who hesitate to relieve suffering on metaphysical grounds should change their profession.

So, with regard to another burning question, there be those who apparently hold the view that a guinea-


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 hope, since the afternoon was so lovely, that they were one and all rewarded; and that a silver booty went home in every basket for the pot. Some of my friends would cry shame on me for this; but I prefer a man, were he only an angler, to the bravest pair of gills in all God's waters. I do not affect fishes unless when cooked in sauce; whereas an angler is an important piece of river scenery, and hence deserves some recognition among canoeists. He can always tell you where you are after a mild fashion; and his quiet presence serves to accentuate the solitude and stillness, and remind you of the glittering citizens below your boat.

The Sambre turned so industriously to and fro among his little hills, that it was past six before we drew near the lock at Quartes. There were some children on the tow-path, with whom the Cigarette fell into a chaffing talk as they ran along beside us. It was in vain that I


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 pig is of more value than many babies, and that operations on the lower animals, no matter how carefully and painlessly they be donc, if done for the purposes of research, diagnosis, or relief, and not with the object of making mutton tender, pigs fat, or horses quiet, are to be denounced as atrocities. With such as these it i useless to argue. But, seeing that many honoured members of our profession have themselves been vivisected by the envenomed tongues and sharp pens of a few noisy people, it may be well to point out that no conviction for cruelty or breach of law has ever been obtained, and that hearsay and the misinterpretation of physiological writings is not evidence, at least on this side the Channel. The money collected by these strange apostles of mercy is not spent in the Law Courts, where mutual cross-examination would be possible, but in attempts to institute a sort of medical excommunication, and in efforts to dam the stream of charity by sophistical utterances.

Meanwhile, it behoves the medical profession to bear a wary eye lest fanatics should seek to impose immoral tests upon applicants for hospital appointments, tests, be it remembered, which would have excluded Harvey from the service of St. Bartholomew's.

No hospital Governor who coquets with tests of this kind can possibly command the respect of our College, nor can we admit that such an attitude


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 warned him. In vain I told him, in English, that boys were the most dangerous creatures; and if once you began with them, it was safe to end in a shower of stones. For my own part, whenever anything was addressed to me, I smiled gently and shook my head as though I were an inoffensive person inadequately acquainted with French. For indeed I have had such experience at home, that I would sooner meet many wild animals than a troop of healthy urchins.

But I was doing injustice to these peaceable young Hainaulters. When the Cigarette went off to make inquiries, I got out upon the bank to smoke a pipe and superintend the boats, and became at once the centre of much amiable curiosity. The children had been joined by this time by a young woman and a mild lad who had lost an arm; and this gave me more security. When I let slip my first word or so in


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6 an Oration in Latin publicly in the said—College, wherein shall be a commemoration of all the benefactors of the said College by name, and what in particular they have done for the benefit of the said College with an exhortation to others to imitate those benefactors, and to contribute their endeavours for the advancement of the Society, according to the example of those benefactors; and with an exhortation to the Fellows and Members of the said College to search and study out the secrets of Nature by way of experiment, and also for the honour of the profession to continue in mutual love and affection among themselves, without which neither the dignity of the College can be preserved, nor yet particular men receive that benefit by their admission into this College which they might expect; ever remembering that concordiâ res parvae crescunt, discordiâ magnae dilabuntur."

Herein may be read the whole duty of the Harveian orator, and I might occupy my hour and your attention, on this the 247th anniversary, by a recapitulation of those who have materially benefited the College by their gifts and

title: Page:The Harveian oration 1903.djvu/12


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 French, a little girl nodded her head with a comical grown-up air. "Ah, you see," she said, "he understands well enough now; he was just making believe." And the little group laughed together very good-naturedly.

They were much impressed when they heard we came from England; and the little girl proffered the information that England was an island "and a far way from here—bien loin d'ici."

"Ay, you may say that, a far way from here," said the lad with one arm.

I was as nearly home-sick as ever I was in my life; they seemed to make it such an incalculable distance to the place where I first saw the day.

They admired the canoes very much. And I observed one piece of delicacy in these children, which is worthy of record. They had been deafening us for the last hundred yards with petitions for a sail; ay, and they deafened us


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 to the same tune next morning when we came to start; but then, when the canoes were lying empty, there was no word of any such petition. Delicacy? or perhaps a bit of fear for the water in so crank a vessel? I hate cynicism a great deal worse than I do the devil; unless perhaps the two were the same thing? And yet 'tis a good tonic; the cold tub and bath-towel of the sentiments; and positively necessary to life in cases of advanced sensibility.

From the boats they turned to my costume. They could not make enough of my red sash; and my knife filled them with awe.

"They make them like that in England," said the boy with one arm. I was glad he did not know how badly we make them in England now-a-days. "They are for people who go away to sea," he added, "and to defend one's life against great fish."

I felt I was becoming a more and more


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 Rh

Distr. General

S/21428 2 August 1990

Original: English

Letter dated 2 August 1990 from the Chargé d'affaires a.i., of the Permanent Mission of the Islamic Republic of Iran to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General

Upon instructions from my Government, I have the honour to enclose herewith the text of the Statement of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Islamic Republic of Iran on the Iraqi aggression against Kuwait.

It will be highly appreciated if this letter and its annex were circulated as a document of the Security Council.

90-179671742h (E)


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 romantic figure to the little group at every word. And so I suppose I was. Even my pipe, although it was an ordinary French clay, pretty well "trousered," as they call it, would have a rarity in their eyes, as a thing coming from so far away. And if my feathers were not very fine in themselves, they were all from over seas. One thing in my outfit, however, tickled them out of all politeness; and that was the bemired condition of my canvas shoes. I suppose they were sure the mud at any rate was a home product. The little girl (who was the genius of the party) displayed her own sabots in competition; and I wish you could have seen how gracefully and merrily she did it.

The young woman's milk-can, a great amphora of hammered brass, stood some way off upon the sward. I was glad of an opportunity to divert public attention from myself, and return some of the compliments I had received. So I


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S/21428 English Page 2 Annex Text of the statement of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Islamic Republic of Iran on Iraqi invasion of Kuwait

The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Islamic Republic of Iran, rejecting any use of force as a means of resolving problems in the region, considers that the military operations of Iraq against Kuwait constitute a serious threat to the security and stability of the volatile Persian Gulf region and condemns this act of aggression.

Although recent developments could be construed as one of the consequences of co-operation with the aggressor in the past - of which the Islamic Republic of Iran repeatedly warned the Persian Gulf States – the Islamic Republic of Iran firmly believes that respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity of States as well as non-interference in their internal affairs are cardinal principles governing the relations among nations.

Iraqi military aggression has been a blatant violation of the aforementioned principles, and its consequences have serious ramifications for our national as well as regional security and world peace. It can also provide a pretext for an increased presence of expansionist great Powers in our region. Therefore, we call on Iraq to withdraw all its forces immediately to the internationally recognized boundaries and settle its disputes peacefully.

The Islamic Republic of Iran, as the largest country in the region with the greatest interest in the Persian Gulf, cannot remain indifferent to the developments that threaten its national security and the stability of the region. - - - - -


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 admired it cordially both for form and colour, telling them, and very truly, that it was as beautiful as gold. They were not surprised. The things were plainly the boast of the countryside. And the children expatiated on the costliness of these amphoræ, which sell sometimes as high as thirty francs apiece; told me how they were carried on donkeys, one on either side of the saddle, a brave caparison in themselves; and how they were to be seen all over the district, and at the larger farms in great number and of great size.


text: Letter from the Permanent Mission of the Islamic Republic of Iran to the United Nations to the Secretary-General (S-21428)


text: An Inland Voyage/Chapter 5

title: An Inland Voyage/Chapter 5


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Cigarette returned with good news. There were beds to be had some ten minutes' walk from where we were, at a place called Pont. We stowed the canoes in a granary, and asked among the children for a guide. The circle at once widened round us, and our offers of reward were received in dispiriting silence. We were plainly a pair of Bluebeards to the children; they might speak to us in public places, and where they had the advantage of numbers; but it was another thing to venture off alone with two uncouth and legendary characters, who had dropped from the clouds upon their hamlet this quiet afternoon, sashed and beknived, and with a


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 flavour of great voyages. The owner of the granary came to our assistance, singled out one little fellow and threatened him with corporalities; or I suspect we should have had to find the way for ourselves. As it was, he was more frightened at the granary man than the strangers, having perhaps had some experience of the former. But I fancy his little heart must have been going at a fine rate; for he kept trotting at a respectful distance in front, and looking back at us with scared eyes. Not otherwise may the children of the young world have guided Jove or one of his Olympian compeers on an adventure.

A miry lane led us up from Quartes with its church and bickering windmill. The hinds were trudging homewards from the fields. A brisk little woman passed us by. She was seated across a donkey between a pair of glittering milk cans; and, as she went, she kicked jauntily


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 with her heels upon the donkey's side, and scattered shrill remarks among the wayfarers. It was notable that none of the tired men took the trouble to reply. Our conductor soon led us out of the lane and across country. The sun had gone down, but the west in front of us was one lake of level gold. The path wandered a while in the open, and then passed under a trellis like a bower indefinitely prolonged. On either hand were shadowy orchards; cottages lay low among the leaves and sent their smoke to heaven; every here and there, in an opening, appeared the great gold face of the west.

I never saw the Cigarette in such an idyllic frame of mind. He waxed positively lyrical in praise of country scenes. I was little less exhilarated myself; the mild air of the evening, the shadows, the rich lights and the silence, made a symphonious accompaniment about our


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 walk; and we both determined to avoid towns for the future and sleep in hamlets.

At last the path went between two houses, and turned the party out into a wide muddy high-road, bordered, as far as the eye could reach on either hand, by an unsightly village. The houses stood well back, leaving a ribbon of waste land on either side of the road, where there were stacks of firewood, carts, barrows, rubbish heaps, and a little doubtful grass. Away on the left, a gaunt tower stood in the middle of the street. What it had been in past ages, I know not: probably a hold in time of war; but now-a-days it bore an illegible dial-plate in its upper parts, and near the bottom an iron letter-box.

The inn to which we had been recommended at Quartes was full, or else the landlady did not like our looks. I ought to say, that with our long, damp india-rubber bags, we presented


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3 LAWS OF MALAYSIA Act 633 MALAYSIAN MARITIME ENFORCEMENT AGENCY ACT 2004

ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS


text: Index:Letter from the Permanent Representative of Uruguay to the United Nation to the Secretary-General (S-21429).pdf


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4


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 rather a doubtful type of civilisation: like rag and bone men, the Cigarette imagined. "These gentlemen are pedlars?—Ces messieurs sont des marchands?"—asked the landlady. And then, without waiting for an answer, which I suppose she thought superfluous in so plain a case, recommended us to a butcher who lived hard by the tower and took in travellers to lodge.

Thither went we. But the butcher was flitting, and all his beds were taken down. Or else he didn't like our look. As a parting shot, we had "These gentlemen are pedlars?"

It began to grow dark in earnest. We could no longer distinguish the faces of the people who passed us by with an inarticulate good evening. And the householders of Pont seemed very economical with their oil; for we saw not a single window lighted in all that long village. I believe it is the longest village in the world; but I daresay in our predicament every pace


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5 LAWS OF MALAYSIA Act 633 MALAYSIAN MARITIME ENFORCEMENT AGENCY ACT 2004 An Act to establish the Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency to perform enforcement functions for ensuring the safety and security of the Malaysian Maritime Zone with a view to the protection of maritime and other national interests in such zone and for matters necessary thereto or connected therewith. [] ENACTED by the Parliament of Malaysia as follows:

Short title and commencement

1. (1) This Act may be cited as the Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency Act 2004.

(2) This Act comes into operation on a date to be appointed by the Minister by notification in the Gazette, and the Minister may appoint different dates for the coming into operation of different provisions of this Act in different parts of Malaysia.

Interpretation

2. In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires—

“Agency” means the Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency established under section 3;


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6 “relevant agency” means a body or agency that is for the time being responsible in Malaysia for the enforcement of any federal law which is applicable in the Malaysian Maritime Zone;

“offence” means any offence under any federal law which is applicable in the Malaysian Maritime Zone;

“Director General” means the Director General of Malaysian Maritime Enforcement appointed under subsection 4(1);

“territorial sea” means the territorial waters of Malaysia as determined in accordance with the Emergency (Essential Powers) Ordinance, No. 7 1969 [P.U. (A) 307/1969];

“Minister” means the Minister charged with the responsibility for Malaysian maritime enforcement;

“officer of the Agency” includes the Director General and any officer appointed under subsection 5(1);

“continental shelf” means the continental shelf of Malaysia as defined under section 2 of the Continental Shelf Act 1966 [Act 83];

“internal waters” means any areas of the sea that are on the landward side of the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea of Malaysia is measured;

“Malaysian fisheries waters” means the Malaysian fisheries waters as defined under section 2 of the Fisheries Act 1985 [Act 317];

“exclusive economic zone” means the exclusive economic zone of Malaysia as determined in accordance with the Exclusive Economic Zone Act 1984 [Act 311];

“Malaysian Maritime Zone” means the internal waters, territorial sea, continental shelf, exclusive economic zone and the Malaysian fisheries waters and includes the air space over the Zone.


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 Rh

Distr. General

S/21428 2 August 1990 English Original: Spanish

Letter dated 3 August 1990 from the Permanent Representative of Uruguay to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General

I have the honour to write to you in order to transmit the text of the communiqué issued today by my Government concerning the recent events in Kuwait.

I should also like to request you to have the communiqué circulated as a document of the Security Council.

90-180702187a (E)


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 counted three times over. We were much cast down when we came to the last auberge; and looking in at the dark door, asked timidly if we could sleep there for the night. A female voice assented in no very friendly tones. We clapped the bags down and found our way to chairs.

The place was in total darkness, save a red glow in the chinks and ventilators of the stove. But now the landlady lit a lamp to see her new guests; I suppose the darkness was what saved us another expulsion; for I cannot say she looked gratified at our appearance. We were in a large bare apartment, adorned with two allegorical prints of Music and Painting, and a copy of the Law against Public Drunkenness. On one side, there was a bit of a bar, with some half-a-dozen bottles. Two labourers sat waiting supper, in attitudes of extreme weariness; a plain-looking lass bustled about with a sleepy child of two; and the landlady began to derange


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S/21429 English Page 2 Annex Communiqué dated 3 August 1990 from the Government of Uruguay

In view of the situation resulting from the invasion of Kuwait by Iraq, the Government of Uruguay reiterates its traditional position condemning the use of force and affirming the duty to respect the sovereign integrity of all States and settle international conflicts by peaceful means in accordance with the obligations under the Charter of the United Nations.

Respect for international law, which necessarily includes the rejection of all aggression, constitutes a fundamental principle of international coexistence, to which Uruguay has been and remains absolutely loyal.

In view of the grave situation that has been brought about, the Uruguayan Government hopes that the Security Council, whose duty it is to determine the existence of any act of aggression and take the necessary measures to restore international peace and security, will act with all the energy, decisiveness and speed that this very grave situation requires. - - - - -


text: Letter from the Permanent Representative of Uruguay to the United Nation to the Secretary-General (S-21429)


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 the pots upon the stove and set some beef-steak to grill.

"These gentlemen are pedlars?" she asked sharply. And that was all the conversation forthcoming. We began to think we might be pedlars after all. I never knew a population with so narrow a range of conjecture as the innkeepers of Pont-sur-Sambre. But manners and bearing have not a wider currency than bank-notes. You have only to get far enough out of your beat, and all your accomplished airs will go for nothing. These Hainaulters could see no difference between us and the average pedlar. Indeed we had some grounds for reflection while the steak was getting ready, to see how perfectly they accepted us at their own valuation, and how our best politeness and best efforts at entertainment seemed to fit quite suitably with the character of packmen. At least it seemed a good account of the profession in France, that


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 even before such judges, we could not beat them at our own weapons.

At last we were called to table. The two hinds (and one of them looked sadly worn and white in the face, as though sick with over work and under feeding) supped off a single plate of some sort of bread-berry, some potatoes in their jackets, a small cup of coffee sweetened with sugar candy, and one tumbler of swipes. The landlady, her son, and the lass aforesaid, took the same. Our meal was quite a banquet by comparison. We had some beef steak, not so tender as it might have been, some of the potatoes, some cheese, an extra glass of the swipes, and white sugar in our coffee.

You see what it is to be a gentleman—I beg your pardon, what it is to be a pedlar. It had not before occurred to me that a pedlar was a great man in a labourer's ale-house; but now that I had to enact the part for an evening,


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Is a rational attempt to educate the people of this great country to be made? Or are they to be allowed to remain in their present state of ignorance? i. e., as far as relates to the assistance of their English masters.

Is one great impediment to the due administration of justice to be removed? Or is it still to remain, to the discredit of the British system of legislation?

These, I grieve to say, are the two real questions into which this subject may be resolved. What has been, and what ought to have been, the course pursued by the British rulers? Certainly it was their duty, first, to have ordained, that the language and character of the country should be that of the courts of justice; secondly, to have established schools, or at least to have encouraged those that already existed for the education of the people, in their own language and character; thirdly, to have promoted the translation of books of knowledge into the vernacular tongue; and, fourthly, to have afforded to all who had leisure or inclination, the means of acquiring that language, in which the most general information is concentrated,—the English.

What has been the course hitherto pursued? We have actually imitated the example of a nation whom we affect to consider barbarians, and centuries behind us in civilization, and have attempted to inflict a foreign language on a hundred millions of people! We have even gone beyond our model. On the first conquest of India, by the Muhammedans, one party at least—the conquerors—understood the language of the courts of justice;


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 I found that so it was. He has in his hedge quarters, somewhat the same pre-eminency as the man who takes a private parlour in a hotel. The more you look into it, the more infinite are the class distinctions among men; and possibly, by a happy dispensation, there is no one at all at the bottom of the scale; no one but can find some superiority over somebody else, to keep up his pride withal.

We were displeased enough with our fare. Particularly the Cigarette; for I tried to make believe that I was amused with the adventure, tough beef steak and all. According to the Lucretian maxim, our steak should have been flavoured by the look of the other people's bread-berry. But we did not find it so in practice. You may have a head knowledge that other people live more poorly than yourself, but it is not agreeable—I was going to say, it is against the etiquette of the universe—to sit at


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 the same table and pick your own superior diet from among their crusts. I had not seen such a thing done since the greedy boy at school with his birthday cake. It was odious enough to witness, I could remember; and I had never thought to play the part myself. But there again you see what it is to be a pedlar.

There is no doubt that the poorer classes in our country are much more charitably disposed than their superiors in wealth. And I fancy it must arise a great deal from the comparative indistinction of the easy and the not so easy in these ranks. A workman or a pedlar cannot shutter himself off from his less comfortable neighbours. If he treats himself to a luxury, he must do it in the face of a dozen who cannot. And what should more directly lead to charitable thoughts Thus the poor man, camping out in life, sees it as it is, and knows that every mouthful he puts in his


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 belly has been wrenched out of the fingers of the hungry.

But at a certain stage of prosperity, as in a balloon ascent, the fortunate person passes through a zone of clouds, and sublunary matters are thenceforward hidden from his view. He sees nothing but the heavenly bodies, all in admirable order and positively as good as new. He finds himself surrounded in the most touching manner by the attentions of Providence, and compares himself involuntarily with the lilies and the skylarks. He does not precisely sing, of course; but then he looks so unassuming in his open Landau! If all the world dined at one table, this philosophy would meet with some rude knocks.


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title: An Inland Voyage/Chapter 6


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2 but it has been the pleasure of the English to carry on business and administer justice in a language alike foreign to themselves, and to their subjects.

But there is reason to hope that some more liberal and enlightened plan will, ere long, be devised for the improvement of the people of India, that the road to knowledge and illumination will at length be thrown open to them, and that those who are willing to follow it, will be at full liberty to take their own course, without being compelled to mount on stilts of our construction, or to measure their steps by the footmarks which we have implanted. No country, and no people, have ever yet risen to eminence, or emancipated themselves from superstition, but by the exertion of native intellect, and the cultivation of indigenous literature; and all schemes of education that have not this object in view, will be found ineffectual as to any general benefit to the people upon whom it is to operate.

With regard to the language in which the affairs of the country ought to be administered, and in which the education of the people can be promoted with any hope of success, common sense seems at length to have asserted her dominion over the arguments of learning, and the visions of enthusiasm. Sanscrit, Arabic, and Persian, will, it is hoped, no longer be permitted to retard the progress of moral and intellectual improvement, which their exclusive study has hitherto effected, while the claims which have been advanced, on the other hand, for the universal establishment of English, to the prejudice of the living language and dialects of the country, must yield to the voice of reason, and matter-of-fact experience.

But common sense has yet another struggle before she can completely attain her end. The visionary schemes which formerly projected the imposition of a foreign tongue upon this mighty population, are not yet quite overthrown; a new position is now to be taken up, or rather a deserted one re-occupied. Old prejudice is again at work, and individual vanity in busy agitation. The question of language being set at rest, a new experiment is now proposed,—the substitution of our written character for that which is now in use among the natives, and by which the


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 the lover of the masters of humane learning and art. That flows through these poems, and is supported by so rich a local colour that not even Tennyson has ever laid more fully a whole countryside before us. From every field and hilltop crowned with trees we see Oxford in the verse, her ancient colleges, her "dreaming spires," lovely in her peace, romantic in her memories, classic in her thought. Over every hill we wander in the verse, in the well-known woods, through the quiet villages, in the deep meadows where the flowers love their life, by the flowing of the Thames; in poetry so happy and so loving that each name strikes itself into a landscape before our eyes. And to add to the charm, Arnold has filled the landscape with humanity and its work, with shepherd and reaper, gipsies and scholars, hunters and oarsmen, dancing maidens and wandering youths, among whom, alive and gay, Thyrsis and the Scholar Gipsy, and a meditative Arnold, alive and serious, move and speak of the true aims, the just ideas, the grave conduct, of human life. The picture is delightful, and the urging power of it is love—the life-long love of an Oxford scholar for the shelter and inspiration of his youth. In no poems that Arnold wrote is his natural description better than it is in these.

His natural description to which I now turn, is always vivid, pictorial, accurate, done, to use his own phrase, with his eye on the subject. The adjectives which he chooses so carefully are so apt and striking


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 that they have the force of facts. What can better words like these—

or these from Dover Beach—

This, as accurate as it is poetical, is finer but not truer—with "its melancholy, long, withdrawing roar"—than Tennyson's verse, describing the same thing—

At least, it enables Arnold to make a more human use of the natural fact than Tennyson could have done. Tennyson's phrase makes the sea and the stones of the beach be and feel like men, and, having done so, he cannot use them as illustrating the large movement of human life. But Arnold seeing and hearing them as pure nature, not humanised nature, transfers the scene


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Rh Establishment of the Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency

3. (1) For the purpose of this Act, the Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency is established.

(2) The Agency shall, subject to this Act, be employed in the Malaysian Maritime Zone for the maintenance of law and order, the preservation of the peace, safety and security, the prevention and detection of crime, the apprehension and prosecution of offenders and the collection of security intelligence.

Appointment of the Director General of the Agency

4. (1) The Yang di-Pertuan Agong shall, on the advice of the Prime Minister, appoint a Director General of Malaysian Maritime Enforcement, who shall head the Agency, from among members. of the public services for such period and on such terms and conditions as may be specified in the instrument of appointment.

(2) The period of appointment of the Director General shall not extend beyond the date of his compulsory retirement from the public service, but where he attains the age of such compulsory retirement he may be re-appointed as Director General by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, on the advice of the Prime Minister, on contract for such period and on such terms and conditions as may be specified in the instrument of appointment.

(3) The Director General shall, during the period of his appointment as set out in the instrument of appointment, hold office at the pleasure of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, subject to the advice of the Prime Minister.

(4) The Director General shall, during his term of office as such, be deemed to be a member of the general public service of the Federation for purposes of discipline.

(5) The Director General shall be responsible for the direction, command, control and supervision of all matters relating to the Agency.


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8 (6) The Director General shall, before assuming the duties and responsibilities of his office, make, in such manner as he may declare to be most binding on his conscience before the Yang di- Pertuan Agong, such declaration as may be prescribed by the Minister by regulations made under section 19.

(7) There shall be issued to the Director General a certificate of appointment in the form of an authority card as evidence of his appointment.

Appointment of other officers of the Agency

5. (1) There shall be appointed such number of officers of the Agency as may be necessary, whose ranks shall be determined by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong by order, for the purpose of carrying into effect the provisions of this Act.

(2) The Yang di-Pertuan Agong may, in the order made under subsection (1), determine that the ranks of such appointed officers shall be regarded as equivalent to the ranks of—
 * (a) police officers as specified in or under the Police Act 1967 [Act 344];
 * (b) officers of customs as specified in or under the Customs Act 1967 [Act 235]; and
 * (c) any other officers whose ranks are specified in or under any other written law,

and the Criminal Procedure Code [Act 593] and laws specified in subsection 7(3) shall be construed accordingly.

(3) An officer appointed under subsection (1) shall have such powers as may be provided for him under this Act and shall be subject to the direction, command, control and supervision of the Director General or any other officer of the Agency superior to him in rank, and shall exercise his powers, perform his functions, and discharge his duties in compliance with such directions or instructions as may be specified orally or in writing by the Director General or any other officer of the Agency superior to him in rank.


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 finite things can know or be known. When you talk of a being of infinite extension and infinite duration, omniscient and omnipotent and Perfect, you seem to me to be talking in negatives of nothing whatever. When you speak of the Absolute you speak to me of nothing. If however you talk of a great yet finite and thinkable being, a being not myself, extending beyond my imagination in time and space, knowing all that I can think of as known and capable of doing all that I can think of as done, you come into the sphere of my mental operations, and into the scheme of my philosophy

These then are my first two charges against our Instrument of Knowledge, firstly, that it can work only by disregarding individuality and treating uniques as identically similar objects in this respect or that, so as to group them under one term, and that once it has done so it tends automatically to intensify the significance of that term; and secondly, that it can only deal freely with negative terms by treating them as though they were positive. But I have a further objection to the Instrument of Human Thought, that is not correlated to these former objections and that is also rather more difficult to convey.

Essentially this idea is to present a sort of stratification in human ideas. I have it very much in mind that various terms in our reasoning lie, as it were, at different levels and in different planes, and that we accomplish a large amount of error and confusion by reasoning terms together that do not lie or nearly lie in the same plane.


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Rh (4) A certificate of appointment in the form of an authority card shall be issued to every officer of the Agency appointed under subsection (1), and such card shall be signed by the Director General and shall be prima facie evidence of the appointment under this Act.

Functions of the Agency

6. (1) The functions of the Agency shall be—
 * (a) to enforce law and order under any federal law;
 * (b) to perform maritime search and rescue;
 * (c) to prevent and suppress the commission of an offence;
 * (d) to lend assistance in any criminal matters on a request by a foreign State as provided under the Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters Act 2002 [Act 621];
 * (e) to carry out air and coastal surveillance;
 * (f) to provide platform and support services to any relevant agency;
 * (g) to establish and manage maritime institutions for the training of officers of the Agency; and
 * (h) generally to perform any other duty for ensuring maritime safety and security or do all matters incidental thereto.

(2) Subject to the provisions of this Act, the functions of the Agency shall be performed within the Malaysian Maritime Zone.

(3) Notwithstanding subsection (2), the Agency shall be responsible—
 * (a) for the performance of maritime search and rescue;
 * (b) for controlling and preventing maritime pollution;
 * (c) for preventing and suppressing piracy; and


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 all points, fit for my child to look into.—This is very good sense, quoth my uncle Toby to himself.

There is, continued my father, a certain mien and motion of the body and all its parts, both in acting and speaking, which argues a man well within; and I am not at all surprized that Gregory of Nazianzum, upon observing the hasty and untoward gestures of Julian, should foretel he would one day become an apostate;—or that St. Ambrose should turn his Amanuensis out of doors, because of an indecent motion of his head, which went backwards and forwards like a flail;—or that Democritus should conceive Protagoras to be a scholar, from seeing him bind up a faggot, and thrusting, as he did it, the small twigs inwards.—There are a


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10 :(d) for preventing and suppressing illicit traffic in narcotic drugs, on the high seas.

Powers of the Agency

7. (1) The Agency shall have powers to carry out the purposes mentioned in subsection 3(2) and to do all things reasonably necessary for or incidental to the performance of its functions under section 6.

(2) In particular, but without prejudice to the generality of subsection (1), the Agency shall have power—
 * (a) to receive and consider any report of the commission of an offence;
 * (b) to stop, enter, board, inspect and search any place, structure, vessel or aircraft and to detain any vessel or aircraft;
 * (c) to demand the production of any licence, permit, record, certificate or any other document and to inspect such licence, permit, record, certificate or other document or make copies of or take extracts from such licence, permit, record, certificate or other document;
 * (d) to investigate any offence which it has reason to believe is being committed, or is about to be committed or has been committed;
 * (e) to exercise the right of ;
 * (f) to examine and seize any fish, article, device, goods, vessel, aircraft or any other item relating to any offence which has been committed or it has reason to believe has been committed;
 * (g) to dispose of any fish, article, device, goods, vessel, aircraft or any other item relating to any offence which has been committed or it has reason to believe has been committed;
 * (h) to arrest any person whom it has reason to believe has committed an offence; and


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Rh :(i) to expel any vessel which it has reason to believe to be detrimental to the interest of or to endanger the order and safety in the Malaysian Maritime Zone.

(3) Without prejudice to the generality of subsection (1), an officer of the Agency shall have, for the purpose of this Act, all the powers which any relevant agency may exercise under any federal law which is applicable in the Malaysian Maritime Zone.

(4) Notwithstanding subsection (2), no vessel shall be stopped, entered, boarded, searched, inspected or detained within the area of territorial sea if the passage of the vessel within the territorial sea is an innocent passage.

(5) For the purpose of subsection (4) the passage of a vessel is an innocent passage if and so long as the passage of the vessel is not prejudicial to the peace, good order or security of Malaysia.

(6) Notwithstanding any written law, for the purposes of subsection (5), the following activities shall be considered to be prejudicial to the peace, good order and security of Malaysia:
 * (a) any threat or use of force against the sovereignty, territorial integrity or political independence of Malaysia or any act which in any manner is a violation of the principles of international law;
 * (b) any exercise or practice with weapons of any kind;
 * (c) any act aimed at collecting information to the prejudice of the defence or security of Malaysia;
 * (d) any act of propaganda aimed at affecting the peace, defence or security of Malaysia;
 * (e) the launching, landing or taking on board of any aircraft;
 * (f) the launching, landing or taking on board of any military device;
 * (g) the loading or unloading of any commodity, currency or person contrary to the customs, fiscal, immigration or health laws of Malaysia;
 * (h) any act of pollution;
 * (i) any fishing activities;


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 thousand unnoticed openings, continued my father, which let a penetrating eye at once into a man's soul; and I maintain it, added he, that a man of sense does not lay down his hat in coming into a room,—or take it up in going out of it, but something escapes, which discovers him.

It is for these reasons, continued my father, that the governor I make choice of shall neither lisp, or squint, or wink, or talk loud, or look fierce, or foolish;—or bite his lips, or grind his teeth, or speak through his nose, or pick it, or blow it with his fingers.

He shall neither walk fast,—or slow, or fold his arms,—for that is laziness;—or hang them down,—for that is folly;


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12 :(j) the carrying out of unauthorised research or survey activities;
 * (k'') any act aimed at interfering with any systems of communication or any other facilities or installations of Malaysia; and
 * (l) any other activity not having a direct bearing on passage.

Prosecution

8. Notwithstanding any other written law, where a person is arrested under this Act, no prosecution shall be instituted against that person except by or with the written consent of the Public Prosecutor.

Report on status of investigation

9. (1) Any person who has given information to the Agency under any federal law may request for a report on the status of the investigation of the offence complained of in his information from the Agency.

(2) The Agency shall give a status report on the investigation of such offence to the informant not later than two weeks from the receipt of the request made under subsection (1).

(3) Notwithstanding subsection (2), the Agency shall not be required to provide a status report on an investigation of an offence—
 * (a) unless the offence complained of is a seizable offence;
 * (b) unless a period of four weeks has lapsed from the date of the giving of the information; and
 * (c) which contains any matter that is likely to adversely affect the investigation into the offence or the prosecution of the offence.

(4) Where a request has been made under subsection (1) and the Agency has failed to furnish the informant with a status report within the period specified in subsection (2), but subject to subsection (3), the informant may make a report to the Public Prosecutor of the failure.


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Rh (5) Upon receipt of the report under subsection (4), the Public Prosecutor shall direct the Agency to furnish him with a detailed status report on the investigation that has been conducted by the Agency in relation to the offence in the information given by the informant.

(6) The Public Prosecutor shall cause to be furnished to the informant, or direct the Agency to furnish to the informant, a status report containing such information as may be directed by the Public Prosecutor.

(7) Any officer of the Agency who fails to comply with a directive of the Public Prosecutor under this section commits an offence and shall on conviction be liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding one month or to a fine not exceeding one thousand ringgit or to both.

Protection of officers of the Agency

10. No action shall be brought against any officer of the Agency in respect of anything done or omitted to be done by him in good faith in the execution or purported execution of his functions, powers and duties under this Act.

Identification

11. Every officer of the Agency when acting under this Act shall, on demand, declare his office and produce to the person against whom he is acting or from whom he seeks any information the authority card issued to him under this Act.

Carrying of arms

12. An officer of the Agency may in the performance of his duties carry arms.

Desertion

13. (1) Any officer of the Agency who, without reasonable cause, the burden of proof of which lies on him, absents himself from duty for a continuous period of twenty-one days or in circumstances which show that he has the intention of not returning to his duty shall be deemed to have deserted, and commits an offence and shall be liable on conviction to imprisonment for a term not exceeding twelve months.


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 Let me endeavour to make myself a little less obscure by a most flagrant instance from physical things. Suppose someone began to talk seriously of a Man seeing an atom through a microscope, or better perhaps of cutting one in half with a knife. There are a number of non-analytical people who would be quite prepared to believe that an atom could be visible to the eye or cut in this manner. But anyone at all conversant with physical conceptions would almost as soon think of killing the square root of 2 with a rook rifle as of cutting an atom in half with a knife. Our conception of an atom is reached through a process of hypothesis and analysis, and in the world of atoms there are no knives and no men to cut. If you have thought with a strong consistent mental movement, then when you have thought of your atom under the knife blade, your knife blade has itself become a cloud of swinging grouped atoms, and your microscope lens a little universe of oscillatory and vibratory molecules. If you think of the universe, thinking at the level of atoms, there is neither knife to cut, scale to weigh nor eye to see. The universe at that plane to which the mind of the molecular physicist descends has none of the shapes or forms of our common life whatever. This hand with which I write is in the universe of molecular physics a cloud of warring atoms and molecules, combining and recombining, colliding, rotating, flying hither and thither in the universal atmosphere of ether.

You see, I hope, what I mean when I say that the universe of molecular physics is at a different level from the universe of common experience;—what we


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14 (2) Where a person has been convicted under this section, his Disciplinary Authority may direct that all arrears of pay due to such person be forfeited.

Mutiny

14. Any officer of the Agency who causes, incites, or joins in any mutiny or disaffection against the Agency or conspires with any other person to cause such mutiny or disaffection, or does not use his utmost endeavour to suppress any such mutiny or disaffection or, having knowledge of any mutiny or disaffection or intended mutiny or disaffection, does not, without delay, give information of such mutiny or disaffection to the officer of the Agency to whom he is subordinate, commits an offence and shall be liable on conviction to imprisonment for a term not exceeding five years.

Penalty for causing disaffection

15. (1) Any person who causes or attempts to cause or does any act calculated to cause disaffection amongst the officers of the Agency, or induces or attempts to induce any such officer to withhold his services or to commit a breach of discipline, commits an offence and shall be liable on conviction to imprisonment for a term not exceeding five years or to a fine not exceeding ten thousand ringgit or to both.

(2) Any officer of the Agency may, without warrant, arrest any person who is reasonably suspected of having committed an offence under this section.

Co-ordination

16. The Agency and the relevant agencies shall closely co-ordinate, consult and liaise with each other and render to each other assistance for carrying out the provisions of this Act.

Power during emergency, special crisis or war

17. (1) Notwithstanding any provisions of this Act or any other federal law, the Agency, or any part of the Agency as may be determined by the Minister, shall be under the general command and control of the Armed Forces of Malaysia during any period of emergency, special crisis or war.


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 or hide them in his pocket, for that is nonsense.

He shall neither strike, or pinch, or tickle,—or bite, or cut his nails, or hawk, or spit, or snift, or drum with his feet or fingers in company;—nor (according to Erasmus) shall he speak to any one in making water,—nor shall he point to carrion or excrement.—Now this is all nonsense again, quoth my uncle Toby to himself.

I will have him, continued my father, cheerful, faceté, jovial; at the same time, prudent, attentive to business, vigilant, acute, argute, inventive, quick in resolving doubts and speculative questions;—he shall be wise and judicious, and learned:—And why not humble, and moderate, and gentle tempered, and


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Rh (2) If any doubt arises as to whether an emergency, special crisis or war has occurred, a proclamation signed by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong and exhibited at such places as the Minister deems fit shall be conclusive proof of that fact.

Standing orders

18. The Director General may issue administrative orders to be called “Standing Orders”, not inconsistent with the provisions of this Act, on the general control, training, duties and responsibilities of officers of the Agency, and for such other matters as may be necessary or expedient for the good administration of the Agency or for the prevention of the abuse of power or neglect of duty, and generally for ensuring the efficient and effective functioning of the Agency.

Regulations

19. The Minister may make such regulations as are necessary or expedient to give full effect to or for carrying out the provisions of this Act.


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 good? said Yorick:—And why not, cried my uncle Toby, free, and generous, and bountiful, and brave?—He shall, my dear Toby, replied my father, getting up and shaking him by his hand.—Then, brother Shandy, answered my uncle Toby, raising himself off the chair, and laying down his pipe to take hold of my father's other hand,—I humbly beg I may recommend poor Le Fevers son to you;—a tear of joy of the first water sparkled in my uncle Tobys eye,—and another, the fellow to it, in the corporal's, as the proposition was made;—you will see why when you read Le Fever's story:—fool that I was! nor can I recollect, (nor perhaps you) without turning back to the place, what it was that hindered me from letting the corporal tell it in his own words;—but


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 call stable and solid is in that world a freely moving system of interlacing centres of force, what we call colour and sound is there no more than this length of vibration or that. We have reached to a conception of that universe of molecular physics by a great enterprise of organised analysis, and our universe of daily experiences stands in relation to that elemental world as if it were a synthesis of those elemental things.

I would suggest to you that this is only a very extreme instance of the general state of affairs, that there may be finer and subtler differences of level between one term and another, and that terms may very well be thought of as lying obliquely and as being twisted through different levels.

It will perhaps give a clearer idea of what I am seeking to convey if I suggest a concrete image for the whole world of a man's thought and knowledge. Imagine a large clear jelly, in which at all angles and in all states of simplicity or contortion his ideas are imbedded. They are all valid and possible ideas as they lie, none in reality incompatible with any. If you imagine the direction of up or down in this clear jelly being as it were the direction in which one moves by analysis or by synthesis, if you go down for example from matter to atoms and centres of force and up to men and states and countries—if you will imagine the ideas lying in that manner—you will get the beginning of my intention. But our Instrument, our process of thinking, like a drawing before the discovery of perspective, appears to have difficulties with the third dimension, appears capable only of


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 the occasion is lost,—I must tell it now in my own.

was some time in the summer of that year in which Dendermond was taken by the allies,—which was about seven years before my father came into the country,—and about as many, after the time, that my uncle Toby and Trim had privately decamped from my father's house in town, in order to lay some of the finest sieges to some of the finest fortified cities in Europe—when my uncle Toby was one evening getting his supper, with Trim sitting behind him at a small sideboard,—I say, sitting—for