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 receive God, and to understand and observe his commandments. His nostrils and ears are next touched with spittle, and he is then immediately admitted to the baptismal font: by this ceremony we understand that, as sight was given to the blind man, mentioned in the Gospel, whom the Lord, having spread clay on his eyes, commanded to wash them in the waters of Siloe; so by the efficacy of holy baptism, a light is let in on the mind, which enables it to discern heavenly truth.

After the performance of these ceremonies, the person to be baptized approaches the baptismal font, at which are performed other rites and ceremonies, which present a summary of the obligations imposed by the Christian religion. In three distinct interrogatories, he is formally asked by the minister of religion, "dost thou renounce Satan?" "and all his works?" "and all his pomps?"—to each of which he, or the sponsor in his name, replies in the affirmative. Whoever, then, purposes to enlist under the standard of Christ, must, first of all, enter into a sacred and solemn engagement to renounce the devil and the world, and, as his worst enemies, to hold them in utter detestation.

He is next anointed with the oil of catechumens on the breast and between the shoulders—on the breast, that by the gift of the Holy Ghost he may lay aside error and ignorance, and receive the true faith; for "the just man liveth by faith" —on the shoulders, that by the grace of the Holy Spirit he may be enabled to shake off negligence and torpor, and engage actively in the performance of good works; for "faith without works is dead."

Next, standing at the baptismal font, he is interrogated by the minister of religion in these words: "Dost thou believe in God, the Father Almighty?" to which is answered; "I believe;" a like interrogatory is proposed with regard to the other articles of the creed, successively; and thus is made a solemn profession of faith. These two engagements, the renunciation of Satan and all his works and pomps, and the belief of all the articles of the creed, including, as they do, both faith and practice, constitute, it is clear, the whole force and discipline of the law of Christ.

When baptism is now about to be administered, the priest asks him if he will be baptized; to which an answer in the affirmative being given by him, or, if an infant, by the sponsor, the priest performs the ablution, "in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost." As man, by yielding the assent of his will to the wicked suggestions of Satan, fell under a just sentence of condemnation; so God will have none en-

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 rolled in the number of his soldiers, but those whose service is voluntary; that by a willing obedience to his commands they may obtain eternal salvation.

After the person has been baptized, the priest anoints with chrism the crown of his head, thus giving him to understand, that from the moment of his baptism, he is united as a member to Christ, his head, and ingrafted on his body; and that he is, therefore, called a Christian, from Christ, as Christ is so called from Chrism. What the Chrism signifies, the prayers offered by the priest, as St. Ambrose observes, sufficiently explain.

On the person baptized the priest then puts a white garment, saying, "receive this white garment, which mayest thou carry unstained before the judgment-seat of our Lord Jesus Christ; that thou mayest have eternal life. Amen." Instead of a white garment, infants because not formally dressed, receive a white kerchief, accompanied with the same words. According to the doctrine of the Holy Fathers this symbol signifies the glory of the resurrection to which we are born by baptism, the brightness and beauty with which the soul, when purified from the stains of sin, is invested, and the innocence and integrity which the person who has received baptism, should preserve through life.

To signify that faith received in baptism, and inflamed by charity, is to be fed and augmented by the exercise of good works, a burning light is next put into his hand.

Finally, a name is given, which should be taken from some person, whose eminent sanctity has given him a place in the catalogue of the Saints: this similarity of name will stimulate to the imitation of his virtues and the attainment of his holiness; and we should hope and pray that he who is the model of our imitation, may also, by his advocacy, become the guardian of our safety and salvation. Hence we cannot mark in terms too strong, our disapprobation of the conduct of those who, with a perverse industry, search for, and whose delight it is to distinguish their children by, the names of heathens; and what is still worse, of monsters of iniquity, who, by their profligate lives, have earned an infamous notoriety. By such conduct they practically prove, how little they regard a zeal for Christian piety, who so fondly cherish the memory of impious men, as to wish to have their profane names continually echo in the ears of the faithful.

This exposition of baptism, if given by the pastor, will be found to embrace, almost every thing of importance, which regards this Sacrament. We have explained the meaning of the word "baptism," its nature and substance, and also the parts of which it is composed—we have said by whom it was instituted

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 Founders the signs of a world-wide epoch of prosperity and relaxation were plentiful. Both sexes drifted towards sexual excesses, the men towards sentimental extravagances, imbecile devotions, and the complication and refinement of physical indulgences; the women towards those expansions and differentiations of feeling that find expression in music and costly and distinguished dress. Both sexes became unstable and promiscuous. The whole world seemed disposed to do exactly the same thing with its sexual interest as it had done with its appetite for food and drink—make the most of it."

He paused.

"Satiety came to help you," I said.

"Destruction may come before satiety. Our Founders organised motives from all sorts of sources, but I think the chief force to give men self-control is Pride. Pride may not be the noblest thing in the soul, but it is the best King there, for all that. They looked to it to keep a man clean and sound and sane. In this matter, as in all matters of natural desire, they held no appetite must be glutted, no appetite must have artificial whets, and also and equally that no appetite should be starved. A man must come from the table satisfied, but not replete. And in the matter of love, a straight and clean desire for a clean and straight fellow creature was our Founders' ideal. They enjoined marriage between equals as the samurai's duty to the race, and they framed directions of the precisest sort to prevent that uxorious inseparableness, that connubiality which will reduce a couple of people to something jointly less than either. That


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 Canon is too long to tell you now. A man under the Rule who loves a woman who does not follow it, must either leave the samurai to marry her, or induce her to accept what is called the Woman's Rule, which, while it excepts her from the severer qualifications and disciplines, brings her regimen of life into a working harmony with his."

"Suppose she breaks the Rule afterwards?"

"He must leave either her or the order."

"There is matter for a novel or so in that."

"There has been matter for hundreds."

"Is the Woman's Rule a sumptuary law as well as a regimen? I mean—may she dress as she pleases?"

"Not a bit of it," said my double. "Every woman who could command money used it, we found, to make underbred aggressions on other women. As men emerged to civilisation, women seemed going back to savagery—to paint and feathers. But the samurai, both men and women, and the women under the Lesser Rule also, all have a particular dress. No difference is made between women under either the Great or the Lesser Rule. You have seen the men's dress—always like this I wear. The women may wear the same, either with the hair cut short or plaited behind them, or they may have a high-waisted dress of very fine, soft woollen material, with their hair coiled up behind."

"I have seen it," I said. Indeed, nearly all the women had seemed to be wearing variants of that simple formula. "It seems to me a very beautiful dress. The other—I'm not used to. But I like it on girls and slender women."


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 ALPA ROZO.

La montoj estas kaj restas ĉarmego por ĉiuj amikoj de bela naturo.

Tiel ankaŭ profesoro Petro Brummer opiniis, kaj tial li ĉiujare vojaĝadis Svisujon kun sia edzino : infanojn ili ne havis.

Profesoro Brummer estis kun tuta sia instruiteco granda infano, havanta grandan respekton por ĉiuj homoj, antaŭ ĉio por sia edzino, kiu tamen, tion mi devos konfesi por ŝia laŭdo, neniel trouzis lian obeemon.

Tiun ĉi jaron ili estis trovintaj bonegan lokon, bongustan nutraĵon puretan loĝejon, agrablan kunvivantaron, kaj sufiĉe konvenan prezon.

Tien ankaŭ nia ministro estis voyaĝonta en tiu tempo.

La loko posedis krom tio la netakseblan preferindecon, ke la profesoro povis entrepreni siajn

Tiel, thus, so. Tial, therefore. Ĉiu, each (ĉiujare, yearly). Ĉiuj homoj. Here ĉiu takes the plural sign in agreement with homoj. Ĉio, everything. This word from its nature cannot have a plural, but it may take the accusative “n.” Kiu, who. Tion, that. This word is the object of the verb “confess,” and therefore takes the accusative “n.” Tien, there. As the sense indicates movement, tie requires the “n” of direction. Tiu, that, specified person or thing (used in conjunction with noun). Tio, that (thing). Tro-uzi, compound word, from tro, too much, and uzi, to use.


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 AN ALPINE ROSE.


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 I had a thought, and added, "Don't they sometimes, well—take a good deal of care, dressing their hair?"

My double laughed in my eyes. "They do," he said.

"And the Rule?"

"The Rule is never fussy," said my double, still smiling.

"We don't want women to cease to be beautiful, and consciously beautiful if you like," he added. "The more real beauty of form and face we have, the finer our world. But costly sexualised trappings"

"I should have thought," I said, "a class of women who traded on their sex would have arisen, women, I mean, who found an interest and an advantage in emphasising their individual womanly beauty. There is no law to prevent it. Surely they would tend to counteract the severity of costume the Rule dictates."

"There are such women. But for all that the Rule sets the key of everyday dress. If a woman is possessed by the passion for gorgeous raiment she usually satisfies it in her own private circle, or with rare occasional onslaughts upon the public eye. Her everyday mood and the disposition of most people is against being conspicuous abroad. And I should say there are little liberties under the Lesser Rule; a discreet use of fine needlework and embroidery, a wider choice of materials."

"You have no changing fashions?"

"None. For all that, are not our dresses as beautiful as yours?"

"Our women's dresses are not beautiful at all," I


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 CONTENTS

. . . . PAGE

Guide to Contents. . . 2

Alpa Rozo, with analysis intended to help in memorizing the afixes. . . 4

Kio okazis al Henĉjo, wi!h parallel translation (a rigmarole containing examples of the different uses of ig, iĝ, ec, aĵ, etc.). . . 18

La Letero al la Rekruto. . . 22

Bagh la Tigro. . . 29

Jingles. . . 32

The New Bilingualism. . . 33

Espero (with translation). . . 34

Guadeamus. . . 36

La Celo Esperanta. . . 37

Nova Kanto. . . 38

God Save the King. . . 40

Tiny Tim's Christmas Dinner. . . 41

Kristnasko en Svedujo. . . 45

Mi Mem. . . 48

Naskiĝo de. . . 50

Plena Gramatiko. . . 60


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 devajn montovagadojn sen tro granda fortuzo, kio, por viro kun korpo kiel tiu de l' profesoro, estis ŝatindega.

En la tago, kiam tiu ĉi vera okazintaĵo fariĝis, la profesoro celis la supron de la 50-metrojn-alta Ochsenkegel, kaj al tio ĉi li estis dediĉinta 7 horojn.

« Alportu kun vi Alpan rozon al mi, Peĉjo !” diris la profesoredzino al sia foriranta edzo, kiu, obeema kiel ĉiam, penis plenumi ŝian deziron.

La suprenirejo estis belega. Veninte kelkajn metrojn alten kaj jam ne videbla por sia edzino, li prenis iom da tritikaĵo kaj botelon da bona vino el sia tornistro kaj sidiĝis (see page 9) sur ŝtonon por ĝui la belecon (see page 9) de l' naturo.

Kio, which, what (thing). Tiu ĉi, this (used in conjunction with noun). Kiel, like, how, as. Tiu, that ; specified person or thing (used in conjunction with noun). Tio ĉi, this (thing understood); it is the ascent which is referred to. Kiam, when. Kiu, who. Profesor-edzino, a compound word, meaning the professor's wife. Fort-uzo, compound word, meaning exertion.


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 {|
 * Word.||Affixes.
 * Monto-vag-ad-ojn,mountaineering, monto, hill, and vagi, to ramble.
 * ad denotes an action which is comntinued, the Professor was going to ramble about the mountains.
 * Ŝat-ind-eg-a, very much to be appreciated,
 * ind denotes worthy of.
 * from ŝati, to like, to appreciate.
 * eg denotes increase of degree, thus amindega, very lovable.
 * Okazint-aĵ-o, occurrence, event, from okazi, to happen.
 * aĵ denotes that which is made from, or has the quality of.
 * Far-iĝ-is (literally, became made), from fari, tomake. (The nearest English equivalent, in this case, is "took place").
 * iĝ denotes to become (to get, to turn), as ruĝiĝi, to blush, paliĝi, to turn pale.
 * Pe-ĉj-o, dear Pete. Petro was the professor's name.
 * ĉj These letters substituted for two or more letters of a man's name make of it an afecitonate diminutive.
 * Obe-em-a, obedient, from obei, to obey.
 * em denotes inclination to.
 * Plen-um-i, to fulfil, from plena, full, complete.
 * um like je has no specially defined meaning ; it is therefore necessary to learn the words in which it occurs, as if they were roots.
 * Supren-ir-ej-o, ascent (upward route), from supre, above, and iri, to go.
 * ej denotes a place specially devoted to; ejo, as a noun, means a place, a locale. All these suffixes can be used separately, if necessary or convenient.
 * Bel-eg-a, splendid, from bela, fine, beautiful,
 * eg denotes increase of degree.
 * Vid-ebl-a, visible, from vidi, to see.
 * ebl denotes possibility, as komprenebla, understandable (possible to be understood).
 * Tritik-aĵ-oo, wheaten bread, from tritik',wheat.
 * aĵ denotes that from which something is made.
 * }
 * Supren-ir-ej-o, ascent (upward route), from supre, above, and iri, to go.
 * ej denotes a place specially devoted to; ejo, as a noun, means a place, a locale. All these suffixes can be used separately, if necessary or convenient.
 * Bel-eg-a, splendid, from bela, fine, beautiful,
 * eg denotes increase of degree.
 * Vid-ebl-a, visible, from vidi, to see.
 * ebl denotes possibility, as komprenebla, understandable (possible to be understood).
 * Tritik-aĵ-oo, wheaten bread, from tritik',wheat.
 * aĵ denotes that from which something is made.
 * }
 * Tritik-aĵ-oo, wheaten bread, from tritik',wheat.
 * aĵ denotes that from which something is made.
 * }


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 Li ĵus estis ekintencinta kun bonega apetito konsumi la tritikaĵon, kiam subite apud li staris ciganino kun infaneto sur la brako.

« Mizera ciganino malsatas ; donacu al ŝi iom da nutraĵo !”

Brummer estis bona viro kun bonega koro: tial ne ŝanceliĝante eĉ momenton, li donis al ŝi la tritikaĵon kaj la botelon.

Ŝi sidiĝis antaŭ li kaj efektive englutis la panon, dum ŝi longe kaj penseme rigardis lin per siaj grandaj, nigraj okuloj.

“Afabla sinjoro, mi humile dankas !” diris ŝi, fininte la manĝadon. “Tio estis tre bongusta, sed. . . la infano ankaŭ malsatas; mi intencas petegi iom da lakto ĉe ia vilaĝanino; vi, sinjoro, volu teni la knabon ; li dormas ; mi tuj revenos ?”

Antaŭ ol la instruitulo havis la tempon malfermi la buŝon por protesti, ŝi metis la infaneton sur liajn brakojn, rigardis ankoraŭ unu fojon esplore la profesoron, kaj rapidis for de tie tra la arbetaĵoj (see page 11).

Iom, a little, some. Ia, some. Tial, therefore. for that reason. Tio, that (thing). Tie, there, in that place. Bon-gusta, nice, compound word, from bona, good, and gusto, taste


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 {|
 * Word.||Affixes.
 * Sid-iĝ-is, became seated, sat down (i.e., he was standing up, and then sat down), from sidi, to sit.
 * iĝ denotes to become, etc.; li sidis would mean “he sat, or was seated.”
 * Bel-ec-on, beauty, from bela, beautiful, fine.
 * ec denotes abstract quality ; a “beautiful thing” would be belaĵo.
 * Ek-intencinta, he had just settled himself (literally, had begun to intend), from intenci, to intend.
 * ek marks the beginning of an action, as ekkrii, to cry out, ekkanti, to begin to sing.
 * Cigan-in-o, gipsy woman, from cigano, gipsy.
 * in denotes the feminine.
 * Infan-et-o, a baby, from infano, a child.
 * et denotes the diminutive.
 * Mal-satas, is hungry, from sati, to be satiated.
 * mal denotes the direct opposite of any idea, as forta, strong, malforta, weak.
 * Ŝancel-iĝ-ante, hesitating, wavering, from ŝanceli, to shake (cause to waver).
 * iĝ denotes becoming; the literal translation is, therefore, becoming to waver.
 * Pens-em-e, thoughtfully, from pensi, to think.
 * em denotes inclination to or disposition to.
 * Manĝ-ad-on, meal, from manĝi, to eat.
 * ad denotes continuance of action, and a meal usually represents more than one eatable (manĝaĵo).
 * Pet-eg-i, beseech, from peti, to ask, beg.
 * eg denotes increase of degree.
 * Vilaĝ-an-in-o,
 * an denotes an inhabitant.
 * a woman villager.
 * in denotes the feminine.
 * Instruit-ul-o, learned man, from instruita, instructed.
 * ul denotes person characterised by, as juna, young, junulo, a youth.
 * Mal-fermi, to open, from fermi, to shut.
 * mal denotes the direct opposite of any idea.
 * }
 * eg denotes increase of degree.
 * Vilaĝ-an-in-o,
 * an denotes an inhabitant.
 * a woman villager.
 * in denotes the feminine.
 * Instruit-ul-o, learned man, from instruita, instructed.
 * ul denotes person characterised by, as juna, young, junulo, a youth.
 * Mal-fermi, to open, from fermi, to shut.
 * mal denotes the direct opposite of any idea.
 * }
 * Mal-fermi, to open, from fermi, to shut.
 * mal denotes the direct opposite of any idea.
 * }
 * }


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 “Ho! se Aŭgusta povus vidi min en tiu ĉi situacio!” murmuris la profesoro, rigardante la dormantan infanon kun plej granda intereso. La bruna vizaĝeto ridetis en sonĝo kaj la profesoro tiel ĉarmiĝis, ke li ne povis ne kisi la malgrandulon.

Tiam tiu ĉi vekiĝis, kaj antaŭ la neordinara vidaĵo de l' grizbarba vizaĝo li komencis kriegi per la tuta forto de siaj junaj ciganaj pulmoj.

Nun la situacio fariĝis malpli agrabla.

Brummer ekĝemante ĉirkaŭrigardis, serĉante la patrinon, sed ŝi nenie estis videbla. Tiam li senhelpe turnis sin al la krieganta infano. Li ne povis imagi al si demandon pli malfacile respondeblan ol tiun ĉi: kiamaniere do kvietigi kriegantan ciganidon ? Se li estus kapabla kanti ian lulkanteton, estus bonege, sed bedaŭrinde li tion ne povis. Li grimacis, ridegis, sulkigis la brovojn, kantis “Gaudeamus” kaj “Die Wacht am Rhein,” sed lia provizo da kantoj ne sufiĉis—Ĉio vane! Li

Tiu ĉi, this (situacio follows) ; in line 6 it may be translated “the latter.” Ian, any kind of (takes accusative “n” in agreement with lulkanteton). Tiel, so (in such a manner). Tiam, then. Cio, everything, all. Tiun ĉi (refers to demandon, and therefore takes the accusative “n” also). Tion, that (object of li ne povis, and therefore takes the accusative “n”). Kia-maniere, compound word, meaning “in what manner.” Sen-helpe, compound word, meaning “helplessly.”


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 *Act in Favours of Alexander Black and Partners of a Starch Manufactory.
 * Recommendation in Favours of James Finlaydon Servitor to Mr. Robert Alexander one of the Clerks of Council and Session.
 * Recommendation in Favours of John Hamilton Town Clerk of Irvine.
 * Recommendation in Favours of John Corse Writer in Edinburgh.
 * Recommendation in Favours of John Smith late Muster-master Deput.
 * Recommendation in Favours of James Cuninghame of Auchinbarvie younger.
 * Recommendation in Favours of the Lord President and permanent Lords of Council and Session.
 * Recommendation in Favours of the Macers and Clerks Servants, and Keepers and Servants of the House.
 * Recommendation in Favours of James Steven Usher.
 * Recommendation in Favours of William Bayne.
 * Ratification in Favours of Archibald Duke of Dowglass.
 * Protestation the Duke of Hamilton against the same.
 * Ratification in Favours of Mr. John Murray Advocat Commissar of Peebles.
 * Ratification in Favours of Sir Thomas Moncrieff of that ilk, and; Sir James Mackenzie Advocat.
 * Ratification in Favours of John Veitch Presenter of Signatures.
 * Ratification in Favours of James Viscount of Primrose.
 * Ratification in Favours of George Earl of Cromarty.
 * Ratification in Favours of John Viscount of Garnock.
 * Ratification in Favours of Celine Earl of Belarras.
 * Acts for Fairs and Weekly Mercats in Favours of several Persons.
 * Order, That the Fairs and Mercats granted this Session of Parliament, if not Extracted within Six Months, shall be void and null. Recommendation in Favours of Mr. Paterson.
 * Recommendation in Favours of Mr. Alexander Baillie Servitor to, the Lord Register.
 * Act in Favours of the Incorporations of Edinburgh for a Maiden Hospital.
 * Act in Favours of the Town of Dundee.
 * Act in Favours of the Town of Aberdeen.
 * Act in Favours of the Duke of Hamilton and Town of Berrowstounnesh
 * Act in Favours of the Burgh of Kirkcaldie.
 * Act in Favours of the Burgh of Kinghorn,
 * Act in Favours of the Earl of Linlithgow and Callendar.
 * Act in Favours of the Lady Littlegill and her Son.
 * Act of Naturalization of John Henry Huguetan.
 * Act for the Naturalization of several Foreigners.
 * Act in Favours of the Earl of Buchan.
 * Act of Dissolution of the Mines and Minerals belonging to His Grace the Duke of Queensberry.
 * Act in Favours of the Maiden Hospital founded by the Company &Merchants and Mary Areskine.


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 KIO OKAZIS AL HENĈJO.

Henĉjo Longfellow ne estis feliĉega unu mardon, ĉar li ĵus forlasis sian hejmon kaj alvenis al la lernejo la unuan fojon.

Li trovis tre longa la tagon, tra kies tuta daŭro, li sin sentis tre nerva kaj mallerta. Kiam la lernejestro diris al li: “Skribu vian nomon tie ĉi,” li metis sian plumingon sen plumo en seninkan inkujon, lasis fali sian krajonujon, rompis siajn krajonojn, kaj kiam oni demandas lin ““En kio konsistas la riĉeco de Irlando,” li respondis, “En la multeco da cigarujoj kaj cigaringoj faritaj tie.” Nu li estis en la dormejo kune kun dudek fremdaj knaboj. Lia nervemo kaj sento de fremdeco estis ankoraŭ pli granda por tio, ke li estas la sola infano de siaj gepatroj. “Shorty,” diras knabeto, kiu ĵus stariĝis sur lito kaj ekstarigis alian knabon tie apud li. Ĉiuj kapoj turniĝis al Henĉjo, kiu malfacile komprenis, ke oni nomas lin “Shorty.” La knabeto daŭrigis laute ““ Kiam nova knabo alvenas al nia dormejo, ni ĉiuj montradas la enhavon de niaj poŝoj, kaj mi ĉiam disdividas ĝin de nove. Ho! nun vi ĉiuj ekmalplenigu kune viajn poŝojn.” Tuj komenciĝas stranga vidaĵo.

“La knaboj demetis siajn kolumojn kaj manumojn, pendigis ilin sur la gaspipon, kaj ĵetis naztukojn kaj aliajn tolaĵojn sur la pipon, kie ili pendiĝis.

Samtempe oni estingis la gason por malheligi la ĉambron, poste oni alportis kandelingon kaj ekbruligis kandeleton ; tial la ĉambro iom reheliĝis.

Baldaŭ la poŝoj malpleniĝis kaj sur la litojn


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 WHAT HAPPENED TO HARRY.

Harry Longfellow was not extremely happy one Tuesday, for he had just left home and come to school for the first time. He had found the day very long, and during (through) its whole length he had felt very nervous and awkward. When the schoolmaster said to him " Write your name here," he put his penholder without a pen into an inkpot without ink, let his pencil-box fall, broke his pencils, and when they asked him, " In what does the richness of Ireland consist ? " he answered " In the quantity of cigar-cases and cigar-holders made there." Now he was in the dormitory with twenty strange boys. His nervousness and strangeness were still the greater because he was the only child of his parents. "Shorty," said a little boy, who had just stood up on the bed and put another boy there near him. All heads turned to Harry, who with difficulty understood that they were calling him "Shorty." The little boy continued loudly, " When a new boy comes to our dormitory, we always show the contents of our pockets, and I always divide them again. Ho ! now you must all empty your pockets together." Immediately a strange sight commenced. The boys took off their collars and cuffs, hung them upon the gas bracket, and threw handkerchiefs and other cotton things upon the pipe, where they caught (became hung). At the same time they put out the gas to darken the room ; afterwards they brought a candlestick and lighted a little candle, thus the room was a little light again (became re-lighted). Soon the pockets were emptied, and upon the


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 kolektiĝis monujo senmonera, paperujo, skribilujoj, plumingoj, snureto, krajonoj, kraĵonujoj, tranciletoj, k.t.p. Unu knabo havis en sia poŝo sukeraĵon malpuran, li ekpurigis ĝin per akvo el la lavvazo, sed ĉar ĝi estis krema sukeraĵo la akvo “malsekigis ĝin kaj ĝi fluidiĝas ; la aliaj knaboj moke ekkriis pri lia malsaĝeco kaj diris, ke li devas aĉeti acidaĵon, kies acideco ne estas tro forta. Henĉjo staris senmove, li ne plenumis la ordonon de la knabeto. Estis en lia monujo multe da mono por la elspezoj de la tuta trimestro, kaj li ne volis malplenigi sian poŝan ; li tamen sentis sin tre timema. La knabeto krias, “Rapidu ! rapidu ! ni devas kanti, ĉar ni estas kantemaj knaboj kaj ŝatas la kantadon kaj la dancadon. Alportu al mi ŝnuron! ni devas pendigi tiun ĉi knabon, por ke ni vidu dancantaj liajn krurojn.” Subite la knaboj sin ĵetis sur lin kriante, ke li jam trouzis ilian paciencon, bonecon, afablecon, amikecon, k.t.p. “Ni estas rusoj el Rusujo, angloj el Anglujo, germanoj el Germanujo kaj vi insultas nin !” Li paliĝis, liaj okuloj fermiĝis kaj li timis esti mortigata. Sed ho! granda feliĉeco. “Henĉjo, subite malfermis la okulojn kaj sentis kun granda ĝojo, ke li estas hejme en sia propra lito—

Estas ja nur malagrabla sonĝo.

E.A.L.


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 LA LETERO AL LA REKRUTO. HENDRIK CONSCIENCE.

Tradukis.

Hendrik Conscience estas rajte ŝatata kiel la restariginto de la proza literaturo en Flandro. Li sukcesegas en skizado de scenoj el popola vivo.

Apud la Zoersela arbaro staris, flanko ĉe flanko du argilaj dometoj, izolitaj kaj nerimarkataj.

En unu el ili loĝis malriĉa vidvino, kun sia filino (Katarino) ; ili posedis, kiel solan bienon sur la tero, nur unu bovinon. En la alia dometo loĝis ankaŭ vidvino kun sia maljunega patro kaj du filoj.

Simplaj, nesciantaj ĉion kio okazas ekstere inter la laboradanta homaro, ili vivadis kontentaj je la peco da sekala pano donacita de Dio.

Sed tiu ĉi kvieta, feliĉa vivado estis interrompita per la foriro de la rekrutoj. Johano ankaŭ devis foriri kun la aliaj junuloj. Li ofte skribadis al sia familio sed subite la korespondado ĉesis.

La loĝantoj de la du dometoj pli kaj pli malkvietiĝis kaj tiam Katarino prenis la heroan decidon skribi leteron al Johano. Ŝi ja de longe estis forgesinta la lecionojn pri skribarto kiujn ŝi ricevis, sed ŝi reprenis siajn kajerojn el la malnova kesto kaj relernis la skribadon.

Poste ŝi aĉetis en la vilaĝo leterpaperon, inkon kaj plumon ...

La du vidvinoj sidis apud la tablo, senpacience atendante la revenon de Katarino. La maljuna avo suferanta pro malvarmo kuŝis en la lito en la alkovo


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 kaj montris la kapon el la kurtenoj por ĉeesti, almenaŭ per okuloj kaj oreloj, ĉe la grava ekfarota laboro.

Tuj kiam la filino sin montris sur la sojlo, la virinoj rapidege kolektis la diversajn objektojn kuŝantajn sur la tablo, kiun ili per antaŭtuko purigis.

“Venu, Katarino,” diris la patrino de Johano, “sidiĝu sur la seĝon de la avo ; ĝi estas pli komforta.” La junulino silente eksidiĝis apud la tablo, kuŝigis la paperfoliojn antaŭ si kaj, revanta, ŝi metis la pinton de la anserplumo inter siajn lipojn. ..

Dume la virinoj kaj la avo sciame alrigardis la pripensantan junulinon. La frateto estis apoginta la brakojn sur la tablo kaj mire rigardis ŝin por observi tion kion ŝi estas faronta per la plumo.

Sed Katarino sin levis kaj, ĉiam silente, prenis el la ŝranko taseton, verŝis en ĝin la inkon el la boteleto kaj residiĝis apud la tablo, kie ŝi multfoje turnis kaj returnis la paperon.

Fine ŝi glitigis la plumon en la inkon kaj kliniĝis kvazaŭ ŝi estis ekskribonta. Post momento ŝi levis la kapon kaj demandis :

““Nu, diru nun kion mi devas skribi ?”

La du vidvinoj demande rigardis unu la alian kaj sin turnis al la malsano avo.

“Nu, skribu ke ni ĉiuj bone fartas. . .,” diris la maljunulo tusante, ““ letero ĉiam tiel komenciĝas.”

La junulino rimarkigis kun dolora rideto :

“Ho! kion vi volas! skribi ke ni ĉiuj bone fartas ... kaj vi kuŝas tie malsana jam de dekkvin tagoj.”

“Sed vi povas tamen diri tion en la fino de la letero, Katarino.”

“Ne, filino, jen kiel vi devas fari,” diris la patrino de Johano, ““ komencu, demandante kiel li fartas.”

“Ne, infano mia,” diris la alia vidvino, “skribu unue ke per la mano vi prenas la plumon por peti informojn pri lia saneco. Tiamaniere komenciĝis


text: A View of the History, Literature, and Mythology of the Hindoos/Volume II


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 ankaŭ la letero de Baptisto, la filo de Petro-Johano, kiun hieraŭ mi aŭdis legatan ĉe la muelisto.”

“ Mi neniel faros tion,” senpacience diris la junulino, “Johano nature scias ke mi ne povas skribi per la piedoj !”

“ Skribu nun unue lian nomon supre sur la papero,” diris la avo.

“Kian nomon Braems ?”

“Tute ne: Johano!”

“Vi estas prava, patro,” respondis la junulino. “For, Paŭĉjo! formetu viajn brakojn de la tablo, kaj vi, patrino, sidiĝu iom malantaŭe, ĉar mi konvinkiĝas ke vi puŝos min.”

Si direktis la plumon al la papero kaj, elektante la lokon kie ŝi ekskribos, ŝi mallaŭte silabis la nomon de la forestanta amiko.

La patrino de Johano subite stariĝis kaj kaptis la manon de la junulino dirante :

“ Atendu iom, Katarino, ĉu vi ne opinias ke Johano tutsole ne taŭgas ? Estas tiel mallonge; oni devus aldoni ion. Ĉu vi ne skribus prefere: Amata filo aŭ Kara infano ?”

Katarino preskaŭ ne aŭdis tiujn vortojn; ŝi okupadis sin lekante la paperon, — kaj ŝi kriis iom kolere:

“Nu, jen estas la rezultato : grandega makulo sur la papero! kaj la lekado ne utilas: ĝi tamen ne malaperas. Mi uzos do alian folion.”

“Nu, kion vi diras pri tio: Amata filo? Ĉu tio ne estas multe pli bela ?”

“Ne, tion ankaŭ mi ne, volas skribi,” murmuris malkontente Katarino. “Ĉu mi do skribus al Johano kvazaŭ mi estas lia patrino ?”

“Sed kion vi skribos do ?”

la rozkoloro aperis sur la vangoj de la junulino dum ŝi respondis :

“Se mi skribus: Kara Amiko? Ĉu tio ne ŝajnas al vi la plej bona esprimo !”


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 “ Miaflanke mi ne volas tion,” diris ŝia patrino, “ diru tiam prefere nur Johano.”

“ Kara Johano?” demandis la junulino.

“Jes, tiel estas bone!” respondis ĉiuj kune, kvazaŭ ili estas ĝojaj pro la solvo de tiu malfacila problemo.

“Nun! ne tuŝu la tablon,” kriis la junulino, “ kaj tenu Paŭĉjon por ke li ne puŝu min!”

Katarino eklaboris. Post unu minuto ŝvitgutetoj ekbrilis jam sur ŝia frunto ; ŝi haltigis la spiradon kaj ŝia vizaĝo varmiĝis. Ŝi profunde ekspiris kaj, kvazaŭ liberigita de peza ŝarĝo, ŝi gaje ekkriis :

“Uf! Tiu K estas vere la plej malfacila letero el ĉiuj! Sed tamen ĝi kuŝas tie kun sia longa buklo ! ”

La ambaŭ virinoj leviĝis kaj mirante rigardis la literon kiu estis almenaŭ tiel granda kiel fingroparto.

“Tio estas stranga !” kriis la patrino de Johano ; “ĝi estas objekto kiel vespo; kaj tio signifas Kara Johano! Skribi estas tamen mirinda scio ; oni dirus preskaŭ ke tio estas sorĉaĵo !”

“ Nu, mi, lasu min daŭrigi,” diris Katarino, “ kun kuraĝo mi atingos la celon. Se tiu plumo ne tiel ŝprucigus ! . ..

Kiam, post kelka tempo, la unua linio estis plenskribita per grandaj literoj, la junulino haltis en sia laboro.

“ Diru Katarino ĝis kie vi jam alvenis ?” demandis la patrino de Johano. “Vi legu do al ni ĉion kion vi jam skribis sur la papero.”

“Kiel vi rapidas!” ekkriis Katarino. “Sur la papero sin trovas nur Kara Joĥano—Paŭĉjo (little Paul) ne tuŝu plu la inkon aŭ tuj vi elverŝos la taseton.”

Dum duonhoro ĉiuj silentadis. Ŝajnis ke la laboro pli facile daŭriĝas, ĉar la junulino iafoje ridetis dum sia skribado.

Ŝin nur distris Paŭĉjo, kiu estis kolorinta sian tutan


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New York


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Rh


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 The country girls and swains danced around the pole on May Day; on Christmas Eve, when the oxen were supposed to be on their knees in the stables, the waits went about chanting old noels; conjurors were consulted at dead of night; the old play of St. George, beginning with the lines,

periodically slaked the popular thirst for the drama; people who were intensely disliked, or whose manner of living provoked criticism, were subjected to "skimmity-riding"; to pierce a waxen image of one's enemy with needles and to melt it over a fire while reciting the Lord's Prayer backwards three times was considered equivalent to murder and damnation.

"Superstitions linger longest on these heavy soils," Hardy has remarked of the central Vale of Blackmore. "Having once been forest, at this shadowy time it seemed to assert something of its old character, the far and the near being blended, and every tree and tall hedge making the most of its presence. The harts that had been hunted here; the witches that had been pricked and ducked; the green-spangled fairies;—the place teemed with beliefs in them still, and they formed an impish multitude now."

Thus paganism lingered on through the early part of the last century. The folk were church-goers, of course, and their speech was punctuated by frequent turns of phrase out of the Bible and Prayer Book. Their clergy forced them to maintain the proper respect for the cere-


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 monies that had been imported, established and adhered to by their fathers for hundreds of years. In church they professed much, but believed very little; in the dim chambers of conjurors they professed little, but believed much—and that with shaking and dread. Fetichism ran far ahead of traditional ritual and dogmatism.

Such was the Wessex that Hardy loved from the earliest to the latest days of his life. He loved the country both for itself and for its associations, but he loved the countryman for himself alone. Hardy's peasant was, as Lionel Johnson justly remarked, neither a Strephon nor a Hodge, neither Arcadian nor clown; he was just as he was. Yet his possibilities were unlimited. Twice, at least, did Hardy give recognition to his recognition of these potentialities: in one of his rare interviews, signed by a "quondam country parson" in 1892, and in Tess. Here is a composite rendition of both:

"As to 'Hodge,' I have never met him. The conventional farm-folk of the imagination—personified by the pitiable figure known as Hodge—are soon obliterated from the consciousness of the just observer. At close quarters no Hodge is to be seen. At first, it is true, rustic ideas, modes and surroundings may appear retrogressive and unmeaning. But living on there, day after day, the acute sojourner becomes conscious of a new aspect in the spectacle. Without any objective change whatever, variety takes the place of monotonousness. As the folk become intimately known, they begin to differentiate


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JANE AND ANNA-MARIA PORTER.

NEW-YORK:

1826.


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 *Ratifcation in Favours of Robert Rutherford of Bowland.
 * Ratification in Favours of Sir William Scot of Harden.
 * Ratification in Favours of Mr. John Pringle Advocat.
 * Ratification in Favours of Captain Robert Johnstoun late Provost of Dumfreis and his Son.
 * Ratification in Favours of Mr. David Plenderleith of Blyth and his Spouse.
 * Ratifcation in Favours of Charles Earl of Hopetoun.
 * Ratification in Favours of David French of Frenchland.
 * Ratification in Favours of the Principal, Professors and Masters of the College of Glasgow.
 * Ratification in Favour of Daniel Stenart Brother German to Sir William Stenart of
 * Ratification in Favours of William Earl of Kilmarneck.
 * Ratification in Favours of James Marquiss of Montrose and his Son.
 * Ratification in Favours of Sir Hugh Dalrymple of Northberwick Lord President of the College of Justice.
 * Ratification in Favours of Mr. Alexander Meinzies of Coulterrallors and his Spouse.
 * Protestation William Baillie of Lammingtonn against the same, that it would not prejudge his Rogues.
 * Ratification in Favours of Mr John Mackenzie of Delvin.
 * Ratification in Favours of James earl of Bute.
 * Ratification in Favours of William Drummond lawful Son to George Drummond of Blair-Drummond.
 * Ratification in Favours of Dame Janet Halket Lady Pitfirren.
 * Ratification in Favours Of Foks Dowli Writer in Edinburgh.
 * Protestation Sir Gilbert Eliot of Minto in Name of the Lord Beilshaven against the same, that it should not prejudge his Rights.
 * Ratification in Favours of Captain James Cranstoun of Glen and his Spouse
 * Ratification in Favours of James Earl of Morton.
 * Ratification in Favours of John Earl of Stair.
 * Ratification in Favours of Edward Hyde eldest lawful Son of Edward Lord Cornburry.
 * Two Ratifications in Favours of Archibald Earl of Roseberry,

Proteftation Walter Steuart of Pardovan, in Name ot the Laird of Dandafs againft one of them, that it thould not prejudge his Righcrothe Iiland of Garvie.

Ratification in Favours of David Earl of @lafeow and Jean Coun- tefs of Glafgen.

Qatification in Favours of Hugh Earlof Lowdown.

XLecommendation in.Favours of the Earl of Craferd,

uetter from the Parliament to Her Majefty. ;

Lecommendation in Favours of Thomas Lockhart Surveyer at Lesth.

vecommendation in Favours of Entign William Dick.

XLecommendation in Favours of Mr. Robert Henderfon Bibliothecar of the College of Edinburgh.

_ “Aye 9 ee had oe Act


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RV 36 (Rh)

1) /t/

2).


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was at the domestic tea-table of a quiet family, far in the country, they were told. A few friends had met there: and a sudden snow-storm beating up against the closed shutters of the parlour windows, where the social little group were assembled, seemed by its heavy continuance to give notice that the moon, at least, must rise, to track the several guests over the fastly shrouding moorland, ere they could venture to issue forth, and separate for their different homes. On this conviction, the comfortably seated inmates drew nearer the well-piled hearth, with countenances rather smiling than appalled at their threatened captivity; and one or other of them falling successively into little anecdotes of similar watchings, the discourse at last took the turn of passing away the remainder of the prolonged evening in the relation of various stories of a more general nature, founded on facts, or traditionally known to the parties who told them. Among the latter, the following are recollected by two of the auditors; and thus they repeat them, for a similar hour of amusement, in any similar world-excluded winter night.


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RV 37 (Rh)


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 was very summarily prepared. He sent up a most appetizing little supper of frochette of snipe. The wind being favorable, the doctor resolved to continue his journey by night, as the full moon was shining brightly. The "Victoria" rose to 500 feet, and during this night journey of about 60 miles, an infant's slumber would not have been disturbed.

On Sunday there was another change in the wind, viz., to the northwest. Some ravens were perceived, and further off a flock of vultures, who fortunately kept aloof.

The sight of these birds induced Joe to compliment his master upon his idea of two balloons.

"Where should we be now," said he, "if we had had but one envelope? This second balloon is like a ship's launch; in case of shipwreck, one can always take to it for safety."

"You are right, my friend, only my launch makes me a little nervous, it is not like the ship."

"What do you mean?" asked Kennedy.

"I say that the new 'Victoria' is not up to the old one. Whether the tissues have been stretched, or whether the gutta-percha is melted with heat of the serpentine, I am aware of a certain escape of gas. This is not much matter at present, but it is appreciable; we have a tendency to fall, and to keep us up I am obliged to dilate the hydrogen to a greater extent."

"Whew!" cried Kennedy, "I don't see any remedy for that!"

"There is none, my dear Dick. That is the reason we are pressing on, and even at night."

"Are we far from the coast?" asked Joe.

"What coast, my lad? We cannot tell where chance may lead us; all I can say is, that Timbuctoo is 400 miles to the west."

"And what time shall we take to get there?"

"If the wind do not drop, I expect to see the town on Tuesday afternoon."

"Then," said Joe, pointing out a long train of men and beasts on the plain, we shall arrive before that caravan!"

Ferguson and Kennedy leaned over, and saw a vast multitude; there were more than 150 camels of the kind which, for twelve golden "mutkals," march from Timbuctoo to Tafilet, with a load of 500 lbs.


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 These camels of the Touaregs are of the best breed. They can travel from three to seven days without water, and for two days without food; their speed excels that of horses, and they obey the commands of the "khatir," or leader of the caravan. They are known in the country by the name of "Mehari."

Such were the details furnished by the doctor, while his companions were studying this multitude of men, women, and children, traveling over the yielding sand with difficulty. The wind effaced their traces almost as soon as they had passed.

Joe asked how it was that the Arabs succeeded in guiding themselves in the desert, and reaching the wells so sparsely scattered throughout the immense solitudes.

"The Arabs," replied Ferguson, "have naturally a wonderful instinct for finding their way—where a European would be entirely puzzled an Arab would not hesitate; a small stone, a pebble, a tuft of grass, a shadow, the difference in the sand, will suffice for their safe direction. During the night they guide themselves by the polar star; they do not travel more than two miles an hour, and rest during the great heat of the day; so you can calculate what time they take to traverse the Sahara, a desert more than 900 miles long."

The "Victoria" had by this time disappeared from the wondering gaze of the Arabs, who envied her her rapid progress. In the evening the three travelers came to long. 2° 20′, and during the night they made more than another degree.

On Monday the weather changed completely. It rained tremendously. They were obliged to put up waterproof to resist this deluge, and the consequent increase of weight in the balloon and the car. This continual rain accounted for the marshes and swamps, which spread over the surface of the country. Here vegetation reappeared, with mimosas, baobabs, and tamarinds.

Such was Souray, with its villages roofed in the shape of Arminian caps. There were few mountains, but hills sufficient to make ravines and reservoirs, over which the guinea-fowl and snipe skimmed; here and there an impetuous torrent crossed the road. The natives crossed these by passing hand over hand from one branch to another of the over-


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 hanging trees. The forests now gave place to jungles, in which sported the alligator, hippopotamus, and rhinoceros.

"It will not be long before we see the Niger," said the doctor, "the country usually alters in the neighborhood of large rivers. These moving roads, as they have been rightly termed, first brought vegetation, and subsequently civilization. Thus in its course of 2,500 miles, the Niger has sprinkled on its banks the largest cities in Africa.

"Ah!" said Joe, "that reminds me of the story of the great admirer of Providence, who extolled the great care which had sent rivers flowing through great cities!"

At mid-day, the "Victoria" passed over a small town of wretched-looking huts, called Gao, which had been formerly a celebrated capital.

"'Twas here," said the doctor, "that Barth crossed the Niger on his return to Timbuctoo. This was a famous stream in old days—the rival of the Nile, to which Pagan superstition gave celestial origin. Like the Nile, it has occupied the attention of travelers for ages, and like it, also, has claimed numerous victims."

The Niger, with a wide stream, ran with great rapidity southwards; but the travelers, carried along, as they were, could scarcely note its curious windings.

"I wish to speak about this river," said Ferguson; "it is already at some distance. Under the names of Dhiouleba, Mayo, Egghirreon, Quorra, and others, it flows through an enormous tract of country, and rivals the Nile in length. All its titles signify simply 'The River,' according to the language of the region through which it flows."

"Has Doctor Barth followed this route?" asked Kennedy.

"No, Dick; when he departed from Lake Tchad he visited the chief towns of Bornou, and crossed the Niger at Say, four degrees below Gao. He then penetrated into the midst of the unexplored region enclosed by the bend of the Niger, and after eight months of unheard-of suffering, he arrived at Timbuctoo, where we shall be in three days if the wind lasts like this."

"Has the source of the Niger been discovered?" asked Joe.

"Long ago," replied the doctor. "The discovery of the Niger and its affluents attracted numerous expeditions,


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 of which I can mention the principal ones. From 1749 to 1758 Adamson surveyed the river and visited Goree. From 1785 to 1788, Goldberry and Geoffroy penetrated the deserts of the Senegambia and ascended as far as the Maures country, where Saugnier, Brisson, Adam, Riley, Cochelet, and many others were murdered. Then there was the celebrated Mungo Park, the friend of Walter Scott, and a Scot likewise. Sent out by the African Society of London, in 1795, he reached Bambarra and the Niger, marched 500 miles with a slave dealer, discovered the Gambia river, and returned to England in 1797. On the 30th January, 1805, he started again with Anderson, his brother-in-law, Scott, the draughtsman, and thirty-five soldiers, revisited the Niger on the 19th August, but by that time, owing to fatigue, privation, ill-treatment, bad weather, and an unhealthy country, only eleven out of forty Europeans remained alive. On the 16th November the last letters of Mungo Park reached his wife, and a year later they learnt, through a merchant, that the unfortunate traveler, having reached Boussa on the Niger, on the 23rd December, his boat was upset in the rapids, and that he had been murdered by the natives.

"And did not his sad fate deter others?"

"On the contrary, Dick, for then they had not only to explore the river but to find the travelers' papers. In the year 1816, an expedition was organized in London, in which Major Gray took part, which arrived at Senegal, penetrated into Fonta Djallon, visited the Foullahs and Manduignes, and returned to England without having achieved anything further. In 1822, Major Laing explored all the western part of Africa, bordering upon the British possessions, and it was he who first reached the sources of the Niger, and according to his report the source of this immense river is only two feet wide!"

"All the easier to jump over!" said Joe.

"Yes, easy enough," replied the doctor. "If we can credit tradition though, whoever attempts to jump over this source is immediately swallowed up in the act, and whoever wishes to draw water there is pushed away by an invisible hand."

"I suppose we needn't believe all that unless we like?" said Joe.


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 "Just as you please. Five years later Major Laing journeyed across the Sahara and penetrated up to Timbuctoo, and was strangled some miles beyond it by the Oulad-Shiman, who wanted to become a Mussulman."

"Another victim!" said Kennedy.

"Then a brave young fellow undertook, with his limited resources, and actually succeeded in making the most wonderful of modern journeys. I refer to the Frenchman, René Caillé. After frequent trials in 1819 and 1824, he set out anew upon the 19th April, 1827, from Rio Nunez; on the 3rd August he arrived at Timé, so completely exhausted, that he could not resume his journey for six months. He then joined a caravan, and protected by his oriental costume, reached the Niger on the 10th March, entered the town of Jeuné, took boat on the river and descended it as far as Timbuctoo, where he arrived on the 30th April.

"Another Frenchman, Imbert, in the year 1670, and an Englishman, Robert Adams, in 1810 had perhaps beheld this curious town; but René Caillé is entitled to the credit of being the first European who brought back authentic reports. On the 4th May he left that queen of the desert; on the 9th, he visited the very place where Major Laing had been killed; on the 19th, he arrived at El-Eraouan, and left that flourishing town to cross, amid a thousand dangers, the vast solitudes included between the Soudan and the northern regions of Africa. At length he reached Tangier, and on the 28th September he embarked for Toulon. So, in nineteen months, notwithstanding one hundred and ninety days of sickness, he had crossed Africa from west to north. Ah! if Caillé had been born in England he would have been honored as the greatest traveler of modern times—as the equal of Mungo Park. But in France he is not sufficiently appreciated."

"He was a brave fellow. What became of him?" asked Kennedy.

"He died at the age of thirty-nine, worn out by fatigue. It was thought reward sufficient to award him the prize of the Geographical Society in 1828; the greatest honor would have been paid him in England. Finally, while he was occupied in this wonderful journey, an Englishman started on the same enterprise, with as much courage, but not the same good fortune. This was Captain Clapperton,


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186 not therefore the faith of Abraham merely blessed because he believed. Do you wish to look upon Abraham with admiration? Thou behold how that one man alone professed piety when in the world six hundred had been contaminated with error. Dost thou wish Daniel to carry thee away to amazement? Behold that [city] Babylon, haughty in the flower and pride of impiousness, and its inhabitants completely given over to sin of every description. But he, emerging from the depth, spat out the brine of sins, and rejoiced to plunge into the sweet waters of piety. And now, in like manner, with regard to that mother of Zebedee's children, do not admire merely what she said, but also the time at which she uttered these words. For when was it that she drew near to the Redeemer? Not after the resurrection, nor after the preaching of His name, nor after the establishment of His kingdom; but it was when the Lord said, "Behold, we go up to Jerusalem, and the Son of man shall be delivered to the chief priests and the scribes; and they shall kill Him, and on the third day He shall rise again."

These things the Saviour told in reference to His sufferings and cross; to these persons He predicted His passion. Nor did He conceal the fact that it should be of a most ignominious kind, at the hands of the chief priests. This woman, however, had attached another meaning to the dispensation of His sufferings. The Saviour was foretelling death; and she asked for the glory of immortality. The Lord was asserting that He must stand arraigned before impious judges; but she, taking no note of that judgment, requested as of the judge: "Grant," she said, "that these my two sons may sit, one on the right hand, and the other on the left, in Thy glory." In the one case the passion is referred to, in the other the kingdom is understood. The Saviour was speaking of the cross, while she had in view the glory which admits no suffering. This woman, therefore, as I have already said, is worthy of our admiration, not merely for what she sought, but also for the occasion of her making the request.

She did indeed suffer, not merely as a pious person, but


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 the companion of Denham. In 1829, he entered Africa by the west, at the Gulf of Benin; he took up the traces of Mungo Park and Laing, found in Boussa the documents relating to the death of the former traveler, and arrived at Sackatou on the 20th of August, where he was kept a prisoner, and subsequently died in the arms of his faithful follower, Richard Lander.

"And what became of this Lander?" asked Joe, who was much interested.

"He regained the coast and returned to England, bringing with him the captain's papers, and an exact account of his travels. He then offered his services to the Government to complete the survey of the Niger. His brother John joined him, and these two, from 1829 to 1831, redescended the Niger from Boirssa nearly to its mouth, describing it village by village, and mile after mile."

"Then these brothers escaped the usual fate?" said Kennedy.

"Yes, for the time at least, but in 1833 Richard undertook a third journey to the Niger, and was killed by an unknown hand close to the mouth of the river. So you see, my friends, that this country which we are traversing has witnessed noble acts of devotion, which have but too often met with their reward in death!"

the monotony of the journey on Monday, Doctor Ferguson took pleasure in giving his companions many details respecting the country they were passing over. The flat ground offered no obstacle to their progress. The only care the doctor had was caused by the northeast wind, which blew strongly, and carried them away from Timbuctoo.

The Niger, having turned towards the north as far as that town, curves roundly, and falls into the Atlantic in a great stream. In the bend the country is very varied—sometimes of luxurious fertility, sometimes of great barrenness—uncultivated plains succeed fields of maize, which, in their turn, are followed by vast heath-covered tracts.


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 All kinds of aquatic birds, pelicans, teal, kingfishers, live in hundreds on the borders of the torrents and pools. A Touareg camp appeared from time to time, in which the women did the work and milked their camels and smoked like so many chimneys.

The "Victoria," at eight o'clock, had got more than 200 miles to the west, and the travelers were then witnesses to a magnificent sight. Some of the moon's rays were bursting through the clouds, and glinting among the raindrops, fell upon the chain of Mount Hombori. Nothing could be more strange than those crests of basaltic appearance. Their profiles stood out in fantastic outlines against the cloudy sky—they might be likened to the legendary ruins of a town of the middle ages, or, as in dark nights, the icebergs of the Frozen Ocean appear to the astonished beholder.

"There is a site for the 'Mysteries of Udolpho,'" said the doctor; "Mrs. Radcliffe could not have depicted these mountains under a more terrible aspect."

"Faith," replied Joe, "I should not care to walk at night alone in this ghostly country. If it were not so heavy we might carry all this place into Scotland. It would do very well on the border of Loch Lomond, and tourists would rush in hundreds to see it."

"Our balloon is not large enough to admit of your idea being carried into execution. But it seems to me that our direction is changing. All right; the sprites of the place are rather amiable in sending us a breeze from the south-east, and putting us in a proper direction."

In fact the "Victoria" then resumed her route more to the north, and on the morning of the 20th it passed above the network of canals, torrents, and rivers, a concatenation of the tributaries of the Niger. Many of these canals were covered by thick grass like prairie grass. Here the doctor found out Barth's route when he embarked to descend to Timbuctoo. Of great breadth, at this point the Niger flows between its banks rich with crucifers and tamarinds; gazelles bounded away in troops, plunging their long curled horns into the high grasses, where the alligators lay watching silently for their prey.

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 amphitheater of small houses appeared at the bend of the river; on the roofs and terraces was collected all the provender received from the neighboring districts.

"There is Kabra," cried the doctor, joyfully. "It is the port of Timbuctoo, the town is not five miles distant."

"Are you satisfied now, sir?" asked Joe.

"Delighted, my lad."

"So much the better," said Joe.

In two hours, the "Queen of the Desert," the mysterious Timbuctoo—which at one time possessed, like Rome and Athens, its professors and philosophers—unfolded itself before the travelers' eyes.

Ferguson perceived that Barth's plan of it was correct in its minutest detail. The town describes a vast triangle upon a plain of white sand. The apex is towards the north. There is nothing in the neighborhood but a little grass, some mimosas, and stunted trees.

As for the appearance of Timbuctoo, its streets were narrow, and bordered with one-storied houses made of bricks, and huts of straw and reeds; the former of a conical shape, the latter square. Over the terraces some of the inhabitants were lazily extended, robed in gaudy colors, lance or musket in hand.

No women, however, were visible at that hour.

"But it is said they are beautiful," added the doctor. "Do you see the three towers of the three mosques, which are all that are left of a great number. The town is much divested of its former splendor. At the apex of the triangle rises the Mosque of Sankore, with its ranges of galleries supported by arcades of a very pure style. Further on is the quarter of Saua Gungu, the mosque of Sidi Yahia, and some two-storied houses. There are no palaces nor monuments. The sheik is only a trader, and his residence, a shop."

"It appears to me," said Kennedy, "that there are some broken ramparts."

"They were destroyed by the Foullanes in 1826, when the town was larger by a third; for Timbuctoo, from the eleventh century, was an object coveted generally, and belonged successively to the Touaregs, to the Sourayens, to the Marocuins, and Foullanes; and this great center of


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Rh been made by God for righteous men's enjoyment. For as it is God truly who raises up man, so also does man truly rise from the dead, and not allegorically, as I have shown repeatedly. And as he rises actually, so also shall he be actually disciplined beforehand for incorruption, and shall go forwards and flourish in the times of the kingdom, in order that he may be capable of receiving the glory of the Father. Then, when all things are made new, he shall truly dwell in the city of God. For it is said, "He that sitteth on the throne said, Behold, I make all things new. And the Lord says. Write all this; for these words are faithful and true. And He said to me, They are done." And this is the truth of the matter.

1. For since there are real men, so must there also be a real establishment (plantationem), that they vanish not away among non-existent things, but progress among those which have an actual existence. For neither is the substance nor the essence of the creation annihilated (for faithful and true is He who has established it), but "the fashion of the world passeth away;" that is, those things among which transgression has occurred, since man has grown old in them. And therefore this [present] fashion has been formed temporary, God foreknowing all things; as I have pointed out in the preceding book, and have also shown, as far as was possible, the cause of the creation of this world of temporal things. But when this [present] fashion [of things] passes away, and man has been renewed, and flourishes in an incorruptible state, so as to preclude the possibility of becoming old, [then] there shall be the new heaven and the new earth, in which the new man shall remain [continually],


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 civilization, where a savant named Ahmed Baba possessed, in the sixteenth century, a library of 1,600 manuscripts, is now nothing but a warehouse for the commerce of Central Africa.

The town appears to be given up to carelessness; it is impregnated with the supineness which is epidemic with decaying cities. Great heaps of rubbish were piled up in the outskirts, and these, with the market hill, formed the only undulations of the ground.

As the "Victoria" passed by there was some little movement; the drums were beaten, but scarcely had the last learned man had time to observe this novel phenomenon when the travelers, impelled by the wind from the desert, were wafted along the river, and Timbuctoo was nothing more than a souvenir of their rapid journey.

"Now," said the doctor, "Heaven may guide us where it pleases."

"Provided it be towards the west," replied Kennedy.

"Well," said Joe, "if it should happen to us to be sent back the way we have come, and to cross the ocean to America, that would not trouble me."

"We must first have the power to do so, Joe."

"And how is that wanting?"

"Gas, my boy, gas. The ascensional force of the balloon is sensibly diminishing; and we shall have to use great care to reach the coast. I shall even be compelled to throw out ballast. We are too heavy."

"Such are the results of doing nothing, sir. By lying here all day, like a sluggard, in a hammock, we get fat and heavy. It is a lazy journey; and when we return we shall find ourselves very stout."

"These are remarks worthy of Joe," replied Kennedy.

"But wait until the end: how do you know what Heaven has in store for us? We are still a long way from the termination of our journey. Where do you expect to touch the coast, Samuel?"

"I should be puzzled to answer, Dick; we are at the mercy of variable winds, but I shall consider it fortunate if we reach Sierra Leone or Portendick. We may meet friends in those neighborhoods."

"And glad to shake hands with them; but are we following the desired route?"


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 bacillus introduced into a healthy animal who is susceptible will produce in it an attack of the same disease. And further, that while the bacillus lactis will excite fermentation in milk, and cannot produce splenic fever, the bacillus anthracis may fall into milk without producing any acidity.

Yet another idea presented itself apparently unbidden to the minds of some of these inquirers. In the proper sense of questioning Nature, an attempt had been made to infect a susceptible animal with splenic fever by injecting blood from a diseased animal, which, by delicate manipulation, was supposed to be freed from the germs of the bacillus, and the answer given was that, even so, a mild form of the disease was communicated. Out of this the inquiry necessarily sprang: In what consists this mild form of the disease, and what are the means by which it may be excited? Separate observations had been teaching that a given menstruum, or what is now called a nutritive fluid, ceases after a certain time to be capable of reproducing the particular form of organism for which, in the first instance, it served as a matrix. This decadence of the growth could at any period be arrested by a change in the nutritive fluid. By experiment, it has been ascertained that, during the period of degeneration, the disease produced by inoculation becomes milder and milder; while, on the contrary, it increases in intensity as the


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 reproductive powers of the germs become increased and their numbers multiply. At present, two factors seem to be recognised as determining the severity of the attack due to inoculation, viz., the vitality and reproductive power of the germs, and the number introduced.

It would be idle to speculate further on the ideas thus suggested. Can it be that the specific fevers of the human race have each their own bacillus? May the exhaustion of the menstruum serve as an explanation of their termination in individual cases; and the loss of reproductive powers be the cause of the termination of an epidemic? May we hope in each of them some day to inoculate a mild form of the disease which will preserve the individual from a more severe attack? Whatever answers may in the future be given to these and similar questions, the definite results already arrived at in the two diseases which have formed the subjects of investigation cannot be ignored, and can only be set aside by showing them to be exceptional instances. I feel bound to affirm that, in my judgment, the course of inquiry pursued has been in strict accordance with Harvey's principle of questioning Nature by way of experiment; and I cannot but believe that the answers do really present what may be called "Laws of Nature."

I have done. But I cannot conclude this Oration without a reference, however brief, to the memorial


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 about to be erected to Harvey in his native town, in recognition of his great work, more than three hundred years after his birth. Tardy as this particular acknowledgment is, it must not be regarded as an evidence that his work has only now begun to be appreciated. His fame needed no such monument to bring it afresh to our memory; his name will last when the marble has crumbled into dust. While our race continues on this globe, he will be remembered as one of the great pioneers in scientific research; while this College lasts, he will be remembered as one of its most sincere well-wishers, one of the kindliest of our Fellows. If we be but true to ourselves and to him, the College will yet triumph over the attacks of its foes. But the temptation which assails every practitioner of medicine must be stoutly resisted, sternly put aside. The race for fame and popularity is not for us as seekers after truth. The acquisition of wealth is not for any of us a legitimate aim. Pecuniary rewards will attend success, however attained; but success is not necessarily a test of merit. Truth must be sought for its own sake, and not because its publication brings renown to its discoverer, and opens up to him the avenues to future distinction. If such a course calls for some self-abnegation on the part of our junior Fellows, they will bear with me, I am sure, if, as one of the seniors, I remind them that thus alone


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156 always holding fresh converse with God. And since (or, that) these things shall ever continue without end, Isaiah declares, "For as the new heavens and the new earth which I do make, continue in my sight, saith the Lord, so shall your seed and your name remain." And as the presbyters say, Then those who are deemed worthy of an abode in heaven shall go there, others shall enjoy the delights of paradise, and others shall possess the splendour of the city; for everywhere the Saviour shall be seen according as they who see Him shall be worthy.

2. [They say, moreover], that there is this distinction between the habitation of those who produce an hundred-fold, and that of those who produce sixty-fold, and that of those who produce thirty-fold: for the first will be taken up into the heavens, the second will dwell in paradise, the last will inhabit the city; and that it was on this account the Lord declared, "In my Father's house are many mansions." For all things belong to God, who supplies all with a suitable dwelling-place; even as His Word says, that a share is allotted to all by the Father, according as each person is or shall be worthy. And this is the couch on which the guests shall recline, having been invited to the wedding. The presbyters, the disciples of the apostles, affirm that this is the gradation and arrangement of those who are saved, and that they advance through steps of this nature; also that they ascend through the Spirit to the Son, and through the Son to the Father, and that in due time the Son will yield up His work to the Father, even as it is said by the apostle, "For He must reign till He hath put all enemies under His feet. The last enemy that shall be destroyed is death." For in the times of the kingdom, the righteous man who is upon the earth shall then forget to die. "But when He saith, All things shall be subdued unto Him, it is manifest that He is excepted who did put all things under Him. And when all things shall be subdued unto Him, then shall the


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 can they have the enduring reward of an approving conscience, and the approbation of those whom we all recognise as the leaders we should choose to follow. May the College never want worthy representatives of the character and conduct of Harvey; may it never fail in having such a worthy head as our present President.


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 "Scarcely, Dick; look at the compass; we are tending south towards the sources of the Niger."

"We shall have a capital opportunity to discover them then, if they have not been already explored," said Joe. "Is it the etiquette not to find any more of them?"

"No, Joe; but be easy. I hope not to go so far."

At nightfall the doctor threw out the last sacks of ballast. The "Victoria rose; the blow-pipe, although in full action, could scarcely maintain her. She was then at sixty miles to the south of Timbuctoo, and next day saw the travelers on the borders of the Niger, not far from Lake Debo.

course of the river was divided by large islands, and in those narrow branches it ran with a swift current. On one of these islets some shepherds' huts were erected, but it was impossible to take the exact bearings, for the speed of the "Victoria" kept increasing. Unfortunately it inclined more to the south, and very soon passed over Lake Debo.

Ferguson sought for other currents at different elevations, but in vain. So he abandoned the attempt, which had still more diminished the gas, as the dilation pressed it against the failing envelope of the balloon.

He said nothing, but began to feel very uneasy. The obstinate wind blowing to the south had overturned all his calculations. He did not know what to think. If he did not reach English or French territory, what would become of them in the midst of the barbarians infesting the coast of Guinea? How could they obtain a vessel to take them thence to England? And the actual direction of the wind was hurrying them towards the kingdom of Dahomey, amongst the most savage tribes, at the mercy of a king who, at public displays, sacrifices thousands of human victims. There they would be lost.

On the other hand, the balloon was rapidly falling, and the doctor felt it. However, the weather cleared a little, and he hoped that the termination of the rain would bring about a change in the atmospheric currents.


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 He was disagreeably reminded of the circumstance by Joe saying:

"Well, the rain is heavy enough, but this time there is going to be a deluge, if we may judge by the cloud now approaching us."

"Another cloud!" said Ferguson.

"A regular big fellow this time," replied Kennedy.

"I have never seen such a one," replied Joe; "it seems to have been laid out with rule and line."

"I can breathe again," replied the doctor, putting down the telescope. "It is not a cloud after all."

"What?" exclaimed Joe.

"No, it is a swarm

"Well?"

"A swarm of locusts."

"That a swarm of locusts?"

"Yes, of millions of locusts, which pass over the ground like a waterspout, and very unfortunately for the district, for if they alight it will be devastated."

"I should like to see that."

"Just wait a little, Joe; in ten minutes we shall have met the cloud, and then you can judge for yourself."

Ferguson was right; this thick cloud, extending for many miles, came upon them with a deafening noise, casting an immense shadow on the ground. It proved to be an innumerable host of those grasshoppers known as field-crickets. At a hundred paces from the "Victoria" they alighted upon a green expanse; a quarter of an hour later the mass again took flight, and the travelers could then perceive that the trees and bushes were completely stripped—the fields looked as if they had been mown. Not even a severe winter could do more damage.

"Well, Joe?"

"Well, sir, it is extraordinary, but quite natural. Though the locust is small, the numbers make him important."

"It is a terrible calamity—worse than hail in its effects," said Kennedy.

"And it is impossible to guard against them," said Ferguson. "The natives sometimes have conceived the idea of burning the forests, even the crops, in order to arrest the flight of these insects; but the leading files flew


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 into the flames and actually extinguished them by mere force of numbers, so that the rest passed in safety. Happily, in these countries, there is a compensation for their ravages—the natives catch and eat them with avidity."

"They are the shrimps of the air, which," said Joe, "as an experience, I regret not having tasted."

The country became more swampy as they proceeded; the forest gave place to isolated miles of trees; upon the banks of the river they perceived some tobacco plantations, and marshes thick with grass. On a large island was the town of Jeuné, with the two towers of its mosque built of mud, which gave harbor to hundreds of swallows, whose nests exhaled a most unpleasant smell. The tops of trees appeared between the houses, and even during the night the town seemed very busy. Jeuné is really a very industrious town, and furnishes Timbuctoo with all its needs; its boats and its caravans transport thither the various productions of its industry.

"If it would not have prolonged our journey too much," said the doctor, "I should have made an attempt to descend in this town. We might see more than one Arab who had traveled to France or England, and who is not unacquainted with our method of locomotion. But it would not be prudent."

"We can call again during our next excursion," said Joe, laughing.

"Besides," continued the doctor, "if I do not mistake, the wind has a tendency to blow from the east. We cannot afford to lose such a chance."

The doctor threw overboard some useless articles—empty bottles, and an old preserved meat box—he thus succeeded in raising the "Victoria" into a zone more suitable for his plans. At 4 the first rays of the sun lighted up Sego, the capital of Bambara, easily to be known by the four towns composing it, its Moorish mosques, and the continual movement of the ferry-boats used in transporting the occupants to the various quarters. But the travelers were not more seen than they themselves saw, and fled rapidly and directly to the northwest, as the doctor's fears calmed down by degrees.

"Two days more in this direction, and at this pace, will see us at the Senegal River," said he.


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Rh the time shall the desolation be complete." Now three years and six months constitute the half-week.

5. From all these passages are revealed to us, not merely the particulars of the apostasy, and [the doings] of him who concentrates in himself every satanic error, but also that there is one and the same God the Father, who was declared by the prophets, but made manifest by Christ. For if what Daniel prophesied concerning the end has been confirmed by the Lord, when He said, "When ye shall see the abomination of desolation, which has been spoken of by Daniel the prophet" (and the angel Gabriel gave the interpretation of the visions to Daniel, and he is the archangel of the Creator (Demiurgi), who also proclaimed to Mary the visible coming and the incarnation of Christ), then one and the same God is most manifestly pointed out, who sent the prophets, and made promise of the Son, and called us into His knowledge.

1. In a still clearer light has John, in the Apocalypse, indicated to the Lord's disciples what shall happen in the last times, and concerning the ten kings who shall then arise, among whom the empire which now rules [the earth] shall be partitioned. He teaches us what the ten horns shall be which were seen by Daniel, telling us that thus it had been said to him: "And the ten horns which thou sawest are ten kings, who have received no kingdom as yet, but shall receive power as if kings one hour with the beast. These have one mind, and give their strength and power to the beast. These shall make war with the Lamb, and the Lamb shall overcome them, because He is the Lord of lords and the King of kings."


text: The poetical works of Thomas Campbell/Lines written on Visiting a Scene in Argyleshire


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 "In a friendly country?" asked Kennedy.

"Not altogether; at a pinch, if the 'Victoria' fail us, we must gain some French settlement. But if we can hold on for a couple of hundred miles, we shall arrive at the east coast comfortably."

"And that will be the end of it," said Joe. "So much the worse. If it were not for the telling of it, I should never wish to put foot on earth again. Do you think people will believe us, sir?"

"Who knows, my brave Joe? However, there is one indisputable fact. Thousands of people witnessed our departure from one side of Africa, and thousands will see us descend on the other."

"In that case it will be difficult to doubt our having crossed the continent."

"Ah, sir," replied Joe, with a deep sigh, "I shall often regret that golden ore. Look what weight it would have given to our narratives. A grain of gold for each auditor, I should have had a pretty big crowd to listen to and even to admire me."

the 27th of May, at 9 the country presented a new aspect. The long slopes rose into hills which promised mountains. It was necessary to cross the chain which separated the basins of the Niger and Senegal, and determine the fall of the waters to the Gulf of Guinea or Cape Verd.

As far as Senegal the country is reported as dangerous. Doctor Ferguson knew that, from the reports of his predecessors they had suffered a thousand privations and encountered a thousand dangers amongst these barbarians. The deadly climate carried off the majority of Mungo Park's companions. Ferguson was therefore more than ever decided not to set foot upon this inhospitable soil.

But he had not a moment's rest. The "Victoria" was settling down in a most unmistakable manner. It became necessary to throw out a number of articles more or less


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 useless, and particularly when there was a mountain to be cleared.

This continued for more than 120 miles; they got tired of ascending and descending. The balloon, like the stone of Sisyphus, kept falling back continually. The contour of the balloon already was losing its roundness, and the wind hollowed out large "pockets" in its loose covering.

Kennedy could not help remarking this.

"Is there a hole in the balloon?" he asked.

"No," replied the doctor; "but the gutta-percha has evidently become softened by the heat, and the hydrogen escapes."

"How can we prevent that?"

"It is impossible to do so. Let us lighten the balloon; it is our only way. Throw out all we can spare."

"But what?" asked the Scot, looking round the half-denuded car.

"The tent—it is very heavy."

Joe, whom this order concerned, mounted above the ring which fastened the cords to the netting, and quickly detached the thick curtains and threw them down.

"There is a treat for a whole tribe of negroes," he said. "There is sufficient to clothe a million of them; they are very sparing of the material."

The balloon rose a little, but it soon became evident that it again was approaching the ground.

"Let us descend, and see if we cannot repair the envelope," said Kennedy.

"I tell you, Dick, we have no means to repair it."

"Well, what are you going to do?"

"We will sacrifice everything not absolutely indispensable. I wish at all cost to avoid a halt in these regions. The forests we skimmed just now are nothing but dens."

"What, of lions or hyenas?" asked Joe.

"Worse than that—of men, and the most cruel men in Africa."

"How do you know that?"

"From travelers who have preceded us; then the French who occupy the colony of Senegal, have had dealings with the neighboring tribes. Under Colonel Faidherbe a reconnaissance was made into the country; officers, such as Pascal, Vincent, and Lambert, have brought back the pre-


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 cious documents of their expeditions. They explored the country formed by the bend of the Senegal, where war and pillage have left only ruin."

"How did it come to pass?"

"This way. In 1854, a marabout, of Fouta, named Al-Hadji, said he was inspired by Mahomet, and incited all the tribes to war against the infidels, viz., the Europeans. He carried desolation and destruction between the Senegal and its affluent the Falune. Three bands of fanatics, guided by him, marched through the country with fire and sword. He even advanced into the valley of the Niger to the town of Sego, which was threatened for a long time. In 1857 he went up northwards and invested Fort Medina, built by the French on the banks of the river. This place was defended by a hero, Paul Holl, who for many months, without food or supplies, held out till Colonel Faidherbe came to his rescue. Then Al-Hadji and his band repassed the Senegal and returned into Koarta to continue their rapine and murder. Now this is the country to which he has fled with his troops of bandits, and I assure you I would rather not fall into their hands."

"We shall not do so," said Joe, "if we have to sacrifice our boots to lighten the 'Victoria.'"

"We are not far from the river," said the doctor; "but I foresee our balloon will not carry us even so far."

"If we arrive on the banks, that will be something," said Kennedy.

"That is what we must try to do," said the doctor; "but one thing worries me."

"What is that?"

"We have to cross some mountains, and that will be a difficult operation, since I cannot increase the ascensional force of the balloon, even by the greatest possible heat."

"Wait," said Kennedy, "we shall see."

"Poor 'Victoria!'" said Joe. "I am as attached to it as a sailor to his ship, and I shall not leave it without regret. It is not what it was at the outset, certainly; but then we need not speak evil of it. It has done us excellent service, and it will break my heart to abandon it."

"Rest assured, Joe, if we do abandon it, it will be against our will. It will serve us to the best of its ability. I only ask for twenty-four hours longer."


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The sacred books acknowledge with regard to Christ, that as He is the Son of man, so is the same Being not a [mere] man; and as He is flesh, so is He also spirit, and the Word of God, and God. And as He was born of Mary in the last times, so did He also proceed from God as the First-begotten of every creature; and as He hungered, so did He satisfy [others]; and as He thirsted, so did He of old cause the Jews to drink, for the "Rock was Christ" Himself: thus does Jesus now give to His believing people power to drink spiritual waters, which spring up to life eternal. And as He was the son of David, so was He also the Lord of David. And as He was from Abraham, so did He also exist before Abraham. And as He was the servant of God, so is He the Son of God, and Lord of the universe. And as He was spit upon ignominiously, so also did He breathe the Holy Spirit into His disciples. And as He was saddened, so also did He give joy to His people. And as He was capable of being handled and touched, so again did He, in a non-apprehensible form, pass through the midst of those who sought to injure Him, and entered without impediment through closed doors. And as He slept, so did He also rule the sea, the winds, and the storms. And as He suffered, so also is He alive, and life-giving, and healing all our infirmity. And as He died, so is He also the Resurrection of the dead. He suffered shame on earth, while He is higher than all glory and praise in heaven; who, "though He was crucified through weakness, yet He liveth by divine power;" who "descended into the lower parts of the earth," and who "ascended up above the heavens;" for whom a manger sufficed, yet who filled all things; who was dead, yet who liveth for ever and ever. Amen.


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For then there shall in truth be a common joy consummated to all those who believe unto life, and in each individual shall be confirmed the mystery of the Resurrection, and the hope of incorruption, and the commencement of the eternal kingdom, when God shall have destroyed death and the devil. For that human nature and flesh which has risen again from the dead shall die no more; but after it had been changed to incorruption, and made like to spirit, when the heaven was opened, [our Lord] full of glory offered it (the flesh) to the Father.

Now, however, inasmuch as the books of these men may possibly have escaped your observation, but have come under our notice, I call your attention to them, that for the sake of your reputation you may expel these writings from among you, as bringing disgrace upon you, since their author boasts himself as being one of your company. For they constitute a stumbling-block to many, who simply and unreservedly receive, as coming from a presbyter, the blasphemy which they utter against God. Just [consider] the writer of these things, how by means of them he does not injure assistants [in divine service] only, who happen to be prepared in mind for blasphemies against God, but also damages those among us, since by his books he imbues their minds with false doctrines concerning God.


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&c. xxi. 25, &c.]—Hoc Evangelium ad argumentum de judicio generali traducendum est. Quare hic recurrat Parochus ad articulum Symboli. "Inde venturus est judicare vivos et mortuos," p. 61, et seqq. prout. faciendum prcipitur, p. 18, vel secundum aliarum Ecclesiarum ritum.

, &c. xxi, 5, &c.]—Hîc opportunè tractabit parochus ea, quæ de Incarnatione, et causis adventûs Christi Domini nostri habentur art. 2. et 3. Symboli Apostolici, p. 31, et 37.

&c.]—D. Athanasius in sermone de verbis hujus Evangelii ostendit ex hoc loco Apostolis et eorum successoribus factam esse potestatem solvendi eos qui, instar asinorum, peccatorum pondere pressi, ad eos confugerent. Quare hîc populo exponet Parochus quæ habentur de confessione, p. 189, et seqq. et absolutione, p. 181, et de potestate remittendi peccata in Ecclesia, p. 82, et seqq.

&c. &c. , xi, 2, &c.]—Ista Joannis interrogatio tam sedula, ostendit quanto cum studio curare debeamus ut de rebus fidei et nos, et ii, qui nobis subsunt, ritè, et à Catholicis doctoribus instruamur. Vide qu huic argumento inserviunt initio Catechismi, usque ad primum Symboll articulum.

]—Fides usque ad vincula, immò ad necem usque, cùm opus est, et a judice urgemur profitenda est; nec est satis eam pectore inclusam habere, quantumvis rectam et sinceram, ut ostenditur, p. 22, et seqq. vel "Erunt signa in Sole et Luna," &c. ut in Dominica prcedenti.

i. 20, &c.]—Ex hoc loco simpliciter verum fateri docemur, nec intermiscere jusjurandum, ut nobis fides adhibeatur. Vide quanto, et sub quibus pnis jurare prohibitum, in 2. prcepto, p. 254, et seqq.

&c.]—Agendum hîc de ministris baptismi, de quo, p. 119, et seqq. et quomodo sese habeant in dispensatione Sacramentorum Christus Dominus et minister, quantùm ad effectum Sacramenti, p. 108, et seqq.

&c.]—Hic monere parochus populum sibi creditum debet ut se pro festis natalitiis ad sacram sinaxim prparet, et agere de condigna tanti hospitis (cuius corrigiam calceamenti solvere indignum se Joannes Baptista censet) susceptione, vide de prparatione ad Eucharistiam, p. 167, vel "Cum audisset Joannes in vinculis, ut in Dominica prcedenti."

, &c. . iii. 1.]—Cur hîc

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180 the voice issued forth from silence; but as when not believed it rendered him tongue-tied, so did the voice sounding out clearly set his father free, to whom he had both been announced and born. Now the voice and the burning light were a precursor of the Word and the Light.

As therefore seventy tongues are indicated by number, and from dispersion the tongues are gathered into one by means of their interpretation; so is that ark declared a type of the body of Christ, which is both pure and immaculate. For as that ark was gilded with pure gold both within and without, so also is the body of Christ pure and resplendent, being adorned within by the Word, and shielded on the outside by the Spirit, in order that from both [materials] the splendour of the natures might be exhibited together.

Now therefore, by means of this which has been already brought forth a long time since, the Word has assigned an interpretation. We are convinced that there exist [so to speak] two men in each one of us. The one is confessedly a hidden thing, while the other stands apparent; one is corporeal, the other spiritual; although the generation of both may be compared to that of twins. For both are revealed to the world as but one, for the soul was not anterior to the body in its essence; nor, in regard to its formation, did the body precede the soul: but both these were produced at one time; and their nourishment consists in purity and sweetness.


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