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 "I do so like to be admired," he murmured, "and I've had so little of it."

"Nonsense," whispered the infatuated Nyla. "The League must be frightfully proud of you, going round making people happy."

"Never mind the League," he said. "Let's forget the League for the nonce. In fact, for several nonces. We'll go off and found a republic of our own. We haven't had that voyage on the moat yet."

But the affairs of state are not so easily forgotten. Others were also finding the terrace useful, though perhaps less pleasant. Herr Leutz, escaped from the dance floor to a tilting ground not less perilous, was strolling with the ambassador. From the ambassador came only a mild fragrance of cigar while Herr Leutz's words of woe were audible.

"Von hondred eight million six hondred and sefenty four tousand fife hondred and tventy fife florin," he was saying. "Blus aggrued interests up to now, blus interests for sixty-two year—Ach, Herr Ambassador, you call dat

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 gapacity to bay, dot sound to me like de massacre of de innocents. Und if de florin she go any lower ve haf to hire a plomber to hunt for her down de drain pipe."

The tactful Colonel was about to lead Nyla away from this painful scene when a dark figure that had been peering about in the moonlight approached cautiously and proved to be Romsteck.

"Your pardon, Fräulein," he said politely. "Colonel, here are the dispatches you were expecting." He handed an envelope.

"Oh yes," said the Colonel, at first a little annoyed at the interruption. Then the shape and feel of the envelope reassured him. "The dispatches, yes. I wouldn't have missed them for—for a couple of hundred florins."

"Exactly, sir. The Colonel is always accurate."

"A lovely evening, Romsteck. Are all the guests quite happy?"

"There is one, Colonel, who cannot be kept happy indefinitely."

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 "What does he mean?" asked Nyla.

"He must mean Frau Quackenbush."

"Poor Daddy, he's having a terrible time."

"If ve say von million florin a year for sixty-two year," continued the unhappy voice of Herr Leutz, "mit an average rate of interests of not more dan von per cent"

"This is too gruesome," said the Colonel, and they turned toward the dance.

Through the open French windows they could see glimpses of gliding couples, where the fashionables of Farniente did honour to the occasion. But there were also some whose ambit would require a bumpier participle. On those polished timbers the honest proletarians of Herr Guadeloupe's ministry had rallied bravely round their chief. One after another, with despair behind their creaking shirt fronts, the doomed men had partnered Frau Quackenbush in a series of exhausting oscillations. The unfortunate lady, jarred from clavicle to coccyx, wondered secretly whether even the hay fever would not have been an easier ordeal. Now the

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 President, having vainly sought the apostate Colonel, was doing his best. Holding the lady gingerly at a distance, so that he could gaze downward unimpeded, Herr Guadeloupe was too busy codrdinating feet to attempt small-talk. Save for his automatic repetition "Excuse, I tell de vorld," or his anguished "Sorry to meet you" when they came solidly against the massy postern of some Illyrian dowager, he performed in anxious silence. The orchestra leader, keeping respectful watch on the chief magistrate's timing, made the mistake of trying to help him by halting the music when he went wrong. The unhappy man dared not raise his eyes from the floor except when he occasionally cast a haggard look in search of his adviser. The latter had been only a brilliant migrant in the crowded ballroom, seen sometimes in the distance floating serenely with Nyla, then disappearing again into the moonlight.

So Frau Quackenbush, aware that a few more such collisions would be fatal, did the steering. The President turned always in the same direc-

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 tion. His brow, fiercely intent, drooped lower and lower upon her generous acclivities until his head almost seemed to teeter there unstably like the rolling stone on its perch of moss. His English had vanished in his hour of need; he no longer could remember any phrase adequate to thank Frau Quackenbush for the honour and suggest recess. When the orchestra paused he waved an arm mechanically and continued his murderous rigadoon so that the musicians were forced to resume. Indeed, as Frau Quackenbush began to suspect, cocktails, heat, excitement and continuous rhythmic gyration had bewitched him into a sort of hypnosis. It began to seem a nightmare in which she was condemned to rotate forever while a small dervish in dangerously slack trousers drowsed uneasily on her 'bosom. She herself was succumbing to the unholy vertigo. Her face was flushed, her eyes closed, she had a strong desire to scream. She controlled herself, as I suppose many a strongminded matron has done in moments of hellish temptation, by forcing herself to recall the par-

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 liamentary procedure of the Ohio Federation of Women's Clubs. Through clenched teeth she murmured the sanative and gracious ritual. ''Minutes of the Last Meeting. Reports of Committees. Special Business. The Literary Program. Madam President, we have with us the distinguished British poet''—Already the Illyrian ladies had begun to stare and whisper, a buzz of scandalized sensation to pass round the room. Then the Colonel, who had seen the crisis, deftly slipped through the throng. He broke every rule of high etiquette by cutting in on the President's partner and unwound the spell by a few resolute twirls in the opposite direction. One on each arm he led the collapsing pair to the coolness of a window. He lent Frau Quackenbush a handkerchief, her own having slipped too far down to be decently retrievable; from his pocket he produced the forgotten hay fever atomizer and sprayed the panting President.

"Ha! My interpretations!" gasped Herr Guadeloupe. "Vere are you all dese years? Frau Quackenbush, you are phenomenon I never for-

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 get. Some chiropodist, I tell de vorld. Ha, ve demonstrate de Perpetual Motions, you and I. Gott, I try to keep my eye on your feets but dey spread like cockroaches. It look to me impossible you haf only two legs? I tink you must be quadruped in disguise. Tousand gratitudes for de agonies of a lifetime."

"You must pardon de Herr President his enthusiasms," explained the Colonel. "He is fanatical dancer, he dance till de cows come home to de nest."

Frau Quackenbush was temporarily beyond speech. The Colonel put a chair for her on the terrace, brought her an ice, removed her slippers.

"I'd like to go paddling in that moat," was all she said for a while.

"Ve go swimming if you like," said the Colonel, always ready.

"That's the second time you've rescued me," she said gratefully. "If you ever come to America I can show you how I appreciate it. As long as I'm chairman of the Entertainment Com-

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 mittee there'll always be a lecture platform waiting for you at the Cincinnati Women's Club."

It was the supreme tribute, and the Colonel bowed, greatly moved.

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great hall, under the beam of many candles, Herr Guadeloupe and Nyla were saying good-night to the departing guests. The President looked senile with fatigue. Not the caducity of the florin, nor the anxieties of the American bondholders, nor height nor depth nor any other created thing could much longer keep him from bed. But Nyla, shining in her golden frock, radiated the divine vitality of girlhood. Her dark hair, her lilac eyes, her pretty tinge of excitement, were caught in a mild flush of quivering light. The impressionable Colonel, halting on the curved stair by the portraits of old lords of Farniente, vowed to himself that those painted ruffians had never looked down on prettier neck and shoulders. "I'll bet you never did," he remarked to the Duke Friedrich, whose yellow canvas face looked

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 biliously at him. "Never one so lovely. Or so chaste," he added with a sigh.

"It would be a pity if the Dalmatian Navy never had any sea service," he said to her as she turned from dispatching the last leavetaker. "I have the punt all ready."

Now in the ancient flat-bottomed boat, tilting heavily aft, they idled gently. Low under those licheny walls the water was dark, scribbled here and there with silver where the moon leaked through the chestnut trees. The Colonel paddled softly with an oar, then with the optimism of a true Dalmatian navigator entrusted his vessel to destiny. The small melody of the Moating Song sighed from his mouth-organ. A gradual diminution of brightness in the windows above them showed that candles were being puffed out one by one. In Illyria the gayety of evening is not blackened at one flick, by snapping a switch. Windows extinguish like stars, paling softly.

"It would be preposterous," he said, "not to pay such a night the tribute of an embrace."

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 They paid it. The florin may depreciate but the Illyrian kiss remains always perfect par, a sterling medium of exchange.

"Pinch me," she said at last. "I guess I've been enchanted into a different world. I thought for a moment you were some kind of fairy prince."

It was too comprehensive to be described as a pinch.

"Let's do this every evening. Your work won't take up very much of your time, will it? Is this going to be included in your reports?"

"One has to exercise discretion," said the Colonel. "Otherwise everybody at Geneva would be after the job. Republics would be breaking out all over the place."

"I wonder if you do this sort of thing because you like it, or because the League makes you?"

"Geneva expects every man to do his duty," he said tenderly.

From the distant cathedral came the boom of midnight, followed by small tinny chimes tinkling in various quarters of the town.

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 "Those little churches had really quite forgotten the time," said Nyla, "but as soon as the big one shouted twelve o'clock they all hurried to pretend they knew it too."

"I wish they wouldn't make such a point of it. There oughtn't to be any time in a place like Illyria. Nothing but eternity, like this."

"Mention it to the League," suggested Nyla happily. "Darling, you can do anything. You are a fairy prince."

The Colonel seemed troubled. Perhaps he remembered that at midnight fairy princes turn back into disinherited cadets, coaches of state into pumpkins. Fairy tales have so many disquieting analogies.

The slow current had drifted them round the North Tower, under the terrace balustrade. All that face of the house lay in thick shadow.

"Gene!" she whispered, clutching him in sudden panic. "What's that? Look, over there on the parapet. Something white."

"I don't see anything," said the Colonel. "Great place for a ghost, though. Surely this

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 house ought to be haunted by Dukes with bullet holes in them. Or maybe the ghost of the florin."

He pushed the boat off from under the wall into midstream, where they had a wider view.

"Jove, there is something there."

Far along the terrace hovered a glint of white, apparently suspended above the ground. It was small enough truly to be the wraith of the florin. Then it disappeared. There was a splash and a faint choked cry.

"Gene, it's the little girl! Hurry, hurry."

The old punt was unwieldy in the dark. The rowlocks were missing, and though each seized an oar their desperate paddling only succeeded in twirling the craft in a wild swing which brought them bumping back against the wall. The Colonel hastily scrambled up the rough stonework. He would have fallen but Nyla boosted him fiercely from behind. He vaulted the balustrade and ran along the terrace. Now he could see a small white commotion in the water. With a leap he cleared the parapet and dived in.

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 It was indeed Mildred. Nervous excitement, the cocktail, the uproars of the orchestra and a lively indigestion had made sleep spasmodic. Her dreams were all of the brilliant elevator man who was going to take her promenading by the moat in the morning. She had been put in a room by herself. Thence, after restless rollings in a vast canopied bed, she had eventually sallied out in an almost somnambulist trance which was half fatigue and half the uneasiness of colic. A rearward stair brought her unobserved to the postern door onto the terrace. Here, refreshed by the clear night, her extravagant and erring spirit desired one more tiptoe along the stone balustrade.

With considerable difficulty the Colonel held up the strangling figure while Nyla, groping along the wall, pulled the punt toward them and shouted for help. The dress uniform of Dalmatian admirals, as fortunately few of them have learned, makes an ill swimming suit. The Colonel was heavily sogged by his golden festoonery. He swam laboriously, grasping

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 Mildred by her armpits; her nightgown had parted and gone adrift in his first attempts to seize her. Eventually they got her into the punt. The dripping Colonel scaled the wall, hoisted up the half-drowned child, and hauled Nyla afterward, leaving their shallop to drift where it would. Mildred, after groaning faintly, suddenly ejected several pints of moat and began to baw! lustily.

"I wanted to see the elevator man," she screamed. "Take me away from this rotten hotel."

Her slippery nakedness, shining skinnily in the dim light, was pathetic and yet irritating; the Colonel, exhausted, sat panting in a trickle, more than half prepared to lay a tingling palm on the chubs of her small bottom.

By this time the terrace was filling with all varieties of negligee. Romsteck, who had apparently made no move to retire, was the only presentable figure. Frau Quackenbush, who had seen her daughter safe in bed only half an hour earlier, came trailing ribbons with a scream of

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 maternal dismay. The President sped out in a flannel nightshirt.

"Gott!" he cried. "Yet anodder attack on Frau Quackenbush?"

The ambassador was shouting inquiry from the bedroom window. He was beginning to wonder whether the post at Farniente might not prove too vivacious for a man of mature years.

"Mildred fell into the moat," explained Nyla to Frau Quackenbush, soothing the sobbing child, and trying to dry her with a handkerchief, "The Colonel saved her."

"De child," yelled Guadeloupe to the anxious parent at the window. "He fell drunk in de moat. But not dead drunk," he hastened to reassure. "Gott be tank, I feared it was anodder case for de billiards table."

Herr Quackenbush appeared in pyjamas with a blanket, and Frau Innsbruck with a bottle of the 1865 cognac, the universal specific. In the middle of an admiring circle Mildred was given a hasty friction, then blanketed and carried off.

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 "That bed was too lonely, I couldn't sleep," she wailed. "I want to go to bed with the elevator man."

"You drink de cognac, Colonel," said the excited President. "Happy days, my interpretations save from de perils of de moat."

"My dear sir," said the ambassador, "obviously I cannot thank you for what you've done. But if there's any way I can show my gratitude—anythisir, anything. You have only to name it."

"De gustomary ting," said the Colonel, rising from his pool, "vould be to ask you de hand of your daughter in marriage. I spare you dat sacrifice. But dere is von little ting."

"Name it, sir, name it."

"You are here, Herr Ambassador, as blenipotentiary to negotiate de debt. I overhear de Herr Leutz say dat von million florin a year, blus de interests at von per cent. is Illyria's extreme gapacity to pay. Vill you promise me, on vord of honour, no matter vat happen, not to ask more dan dat?"

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 Herr Quackenbush was a little taken aback at this injection of politics into a sentimental scene. He paused an instant. The Colonel improved the moment with a sigh, expressive of bodily weakness and perils encountered. He wrung a small cascade of drippings from his dismal finery.

"By God sir, I promise."

"Goot!" said the Colonel calmly. "Remember de terms of de promise, vatefer happen. Ve half witnesses here. Besides, a gompact made among gentlemen in deir nightshirts must be specially sacred. Now I tink I go change."

He kissed Nyla's hand with a gallant air and went trickling across the terrace.

"Mr. President," said Herr Quackenbush, "if you sent that man to Washington as your minister you'd have the United States paying you the debt in six months."

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great advantage of stone stairs is that they don't creak. So the Colonel reflected, once more in his brown tweeds, as he cautiously felt his way down the iron hand-rail. He was in stocking feet, groping through the moonlight. He sat on the bottom step to put on his shoes. While doing so he had a sudden fright. The major domo emerged noiselessly from shadow.

"Don't you ever go to bed, Romsteck?"

"I was expecting you, sir. Is there anything I can do?"

"A clean handkerchief, perhaps. I think I caught a little cold in the moat."

"Here you are, sir. Also I've got some dry money for you. I take it that the bills got wet. Wet money seems suspicious, somehow, sir."

"Jove, you think of everything. I dare say you're just rolling in coin."

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 "Not at all, sir. I took this from Herr Quackenbush's trousers, while he was on the terrace in his nightclothes."

"That won't do. I can't rob the man."

"Certainly not, sir. If you will kindly return the wet ones I'll dry them in the kitchen and put them back in his pocket in the morning."

"You're an excellent fellow, Romsteck," said the Colonel rising. "Well, no loitering."

"Beg pardon, sir, but are you really leaving?"

"Bet your life I am; and pronto; it's one o'clock now."

"Look here, sir, you stay. We'll fix that M.P. somehow. You're just what we need. We could get up a revolution and make you Grand Duke. Begging your pardon, sir, but all the chambermaids were suggesting it."

"Delightful of you, old son. No, that splash in the moat cleared my head. I was getting a bit fantastic. That's my trouble, they say I'm not quite right in my head."

"None of the Grand Dukes ever were. That's why we were all so happy."

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 "I've got to beat it. You see, Romsteck, I'm not what you suppose."

"No, sir. I never supposed you were."

"You're charming at dialogue, but there isn't much time. Remember I've got to go all the way round through the subway."

"Through the passage?" said Romsteck, startled. "You know about that? But you can't go that way, that's where we've got the M.P. locked up."

"Sure," said the imperturbable Colonel. "He's going with me. You don't think I'm going to leave him behind to poison my memory with the Fräulein, do you?"

"Don't go!" appealed the major domo. "I don't mind, sir, if you are a bit mad. It doesn't matter. It'll do us good. Please, sir, for the good of the country, don't leave us to the mercy of all these perfectly sane officials. The League of Nations will put it all over us without you to take care of things."

"Damn it, man," cried the Colonel in vexation, "you're as mad as I am. Do you suppose

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 I want to go, to leave the nubile Nyla and the 1865 cognac and all the fun? I don't want to make you morbid, but I'm not here from the League of Nations or the Department of Public Safety or anyone else. I'm just on my own, and the game's up. Come, we're wasting time."

"Very good, sir. I was afraid you couldn't be persuaded. I made up a little packet of sandwiches for you, and a flask of the 1865."

Romsteck handed him a parcel from a table in the hall, then lit a candle, and they set off for the cellar.

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had had a trying evening. The cellar of the north tower is very nearly beneath the ballroom, and he sat there, angry and perplexed, listening to the clamour of music overhead. Disarmed, his gag was removed and he was given supper and a bottle of excellent vintage, but a couple of stout footmen made it plain that any attempt at escape or disturbance could mean the renewal of bonds and bandage. He had all the American doughboy's disgust at being shut out from any merrymaking in which the other sex participated; and through a small ventilator grating high in his prison he was teased by feminine laughters and light whisperings on the terrace. But philosophy and fatigue presently overcame indignation. He helped himself to an extra bottle of the Burgundy

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 stacked in a corner, and fell asleep on a cot-bed against the wall. Thus he was spared, later, the amorous chords of the mouth-organ, which would have puzzled him. The Colonel's moating song was only a few feet from Sergeant Higgins's ear when the punt drifted past the tower.

He was too heavily asleep to stir when a key chirped in the rusty lock and the Colonel and Romsteck entered. Cointreau shook him and he sat up confusedly.

"Well, here we are," remarked the Colonel genially, standing over him with the candle. "The angel of the Lord appears in a vision to the Military Police."

"Aw, quit your kidding. Let a fella sleep," grunted the drowsy M. P. and fell back on his pallet.

"That's no way to greet the angel of the annunciation," observed Cointreau, joggling him again. This not availing, he tilted a few drops of hot candle-grease onto the slumberer's neck, which effectually startled him.

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 "Buck up," said the Colonel. "Tidings of great joy. Here's the lost sheep, crawling right into your bosom. What are you doing in the wine cellar?"

"Search me, buddy," said the sergeant peevishly. "I'd like to get my hooks on that bird in the Knights of Pythias clothes. He got me railroaded into this jug—Who'n hell are you?"

"I'm the guy you're looking for."

"The hell you are! Wait a minute, where's my papers"

"Here," said the Colonel, taking a pulpy document from his pocket. "I'm sorry it got wet. It was the fault of that Knight of Pythias."

The M.P. examined the paper and then held up the candle to look at the Colonel.

"Your hesitation is natural," said Cointreau. "The photo doesn't do me justice."

"I guess it's you. Well, you're under arrest, see?"

"Romsteck, it's a pity you don't savvy

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 English," said the Colonel, turning graciously to the major domo. "Here, you've been such a sportsman I'll read you the indictment. The description's quite flattering. Eugene F. Connolly, commissioned first lieutenant th Infantry.—I'm afraid I have no right to the name of Cointreau. I chose it because it's my favourite liqueur. It smells like orange blossoms.—Cited for gallantry—here, we can skip that—''Regimental interpreter. . . . . five foot eleven, 170 pounds, birthmark—Come, that's too intimate—curly auburn hair, blue eyes, athletic and agile. . . . escaped from Rehabilitation Hospital suffering from shell-shock, psychoneurotic hysteria and dementia jocosa—devilish pedantic, these Freudian terminologies, Romsteck—obsessional fantasies regarding the League of Nations. . . . not be misled by gentlemanly manner and humorous conduct of the patient. . . mentally irresponsible, pathological case of great severity.''—Think of their pursuing a man half way across Europe because he's got dementia jocosa."

"That's what the world's come to, sir,"

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 Romsteck replied gloomily. "If a man laughs too much they think he's crazy. Consider a person in my position. I haven't dared to smile in thirty years."

"Ah well," said the Colonel, "I regret that there are also more serious items that I have omitted."

"I wish the Grand Duke could have known you," said Romsteck. "He always insisted that the Americans have no sense of humour."

"Come, sergeant, we'll be going."

"Now? Whyn't we tear off a little sleep, Lootenant?"

"Nix, old son. Sleep is for the innocent and easy spirit. You and I are going to take the companionable sobvay, unhouseled, disappointed, unannealed. Away, away, charioted by Bacchus and his pards."

"You're the guy, all right," remarked the sergeant. "Plumb cuckoo."

"Romsteck, you'll have to say good-bye to the President for me. I fear he will be distressed. I shall always remember him as I saw him last,

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 in his manly nightshirt. By the way, here's a souvenir for you. My credentials from Geneva."

He handed over a small scarlet card stamped in gold, which Romsteck fingered curiously.

"The top of an American cigarette box," the Colonel explained. "The most official-looking thing I know. A friend of mine got into the Treaty Signing at Versailles with one of those.—Come on, sport. Back to the nut college. This way to the egress, as Barnum used to say."

He turned toward the hearth.

"I don't like it, that's the Gawd's truth," said Sergeant Higgins uncertainly. "Goin' out in dark night with a crazy man, me without my gun"

"I say Yes," cried the Colonel fiercely. "Don't be misled by humorous conduct of patient. Get a move on, curse you."

He picked up the poker, to reach the spring of the passage-way; the M.P., misinterpreting this as an offensive move, leaped at him and they grappled. The door behind them opened with a squeak of ancient hinges.

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 "What's the trouble?" said Nyla.

She wore a blue wrapper and carried a candle.

"Gene!" she cried sharply. "Is something wrong?"

The men stood apart. Higgins gaped amazement at this vision of loveliness. Cointreau and Romsteck fidgeted uneasily.

"I heard talking down here, I was afraid someone was ill. Gene, what are you doing? Why are you all dressed?" She ran forward, seizing his arm.

"Damn," murmured the Colonel with feeling. There was a silence while Nyla studied him anxiously.

"Your pardon, Fräulein," said Romsteck. "The Colonel has had an urgent summons from the League."

"Oh," she cried, "and this is the courier to take your reports. I had such a fright. I was afraid you were going."

"I am going," he said. "I'm sorry, I didn't want you to know. I—I guess they're going to send me to America.—I've had an offer from

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 a publisher to write my memoirs," he added, with a wretched attempt at jauntiness.

"To America? Gene, let me come with you. Gene darling, let me. I'll go anywhere. I don't mind roughing it. You mustn't go to a place like that without someone to take care of you. T'li work for the League, I'll do anything."

"Say, Lootenant," put in the embarrassed M.P., "I didn't know there was a skirt in this business. If you'll excuse me, I'll step outside with the janitor."

The Colonel at that moment had—no eyes or ears—or arms—for anyone but Nyla. Romsteck beckoned, and the sergeant followed him to the door.

"You'll be O.K. in here, Lootenant. Take your time. I'll wait for you at the top of the stairs."

"Gene, you'll write to me?"

"Of course I will, darling."

"Do you have to go? Is the American republic in trouble too? Fix it up and come back

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 soon. Don't get to be too much like an American."

"Honey, I'm sorry, I've got to tell you. I am an American."

"I always knew there was something strange about you," she said softly. "Never mind. Come back soon and attend to the roots. Let me have one good look, so I shan't forget."

She held up the candle, which gave him opportunity to glance at his wrist-watch.

"Hullo," he said. "Where's friend Higgins? Well, never mind. So much the better."

He climbed a chair and poked up the visor in the coat of arms. The passage-way opened.

"Gene, must you go that way? It looks so dark and nasty. Shall I call your courier?"

"No," he said grimly. "He had his chance. Don't let Herr Quackenbush back out of his promise about the debt."

"Gene, I'll study, so we can talk American together."

"Auf wiedersehen, Schätzchen!"

"Gootbye, gootbye," she cried into the

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 tunnel in her pretty accent. "Oh Gene, it vas pleasure to have meeted you!"

And she burst into tears.

"Daddy," she said to Herr Guadeloupe at breakfast the next morning. "How much postage is needed on letters to Geneva?"

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title: Pleased to Meet You/Chapter 1


text: Pleased to Meet You/Chapter 2

title: Pleased to Meet You/Chapter 2


text: Pleased to Meet You/Chapter 3

title: Pleased to Meet You/Chapter 3


text: Pleased to Meet You/Chapter 4

title: Pleased to Meet You/Chapter 4


text: Pleased to Meet You/Chapter 5

title: Pleased to Meet You/Chapter 5


text: Pleased to Meet You/Chapter 6

title: Pleased to Meet You/Chapter 6


text: Pleased to Meet You/Chapter 7

title: Pleased to Meet You/Chapter 7


text: Pleased to Meet You/Chapter 8

title: Pleased to Meet You/Chapter 8


text: Pleased to Meet You/Chapter 9

title: Pleased to Meet You/Chapter 9


text: Pleased to Meet You/Chapter 10

title: Pleased to Meet You/Chapter 10


text: Pleased to Meet You/Chapter 11

title: Pleased to Meet You/Chapter 11


text: Pleased to Meet You/Chapter 12

title: Pleased to Meet You/Chapter 12


text: Pleased to Meet You/Chapter 13

title: Pleased to Meet You/Chapter 13


text: Pleased to Meet You/Chapter 14

title: Pleased to Meet You/Chapter 14


text: Pleased to Meet You/Chapter 15

title: Pleased to Meet You/Chapter 15


text: Pleased to Meet You/Chapter 16

title: Pleased to Meet You/Chapter 16


text: Pleased to Meet You/Chapter 17

title: Pleased to Meet You/Chapter 17


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Rh

Injuries suffered by stevedore, while loading ship in navigable waters, not compensable under Workmen's Compensation Law of State, the matter being wholly within admiralty jurisdiction.—Jordan vs. Leyland & Co., 7 Fed. Rep. 386, (La.).

Where a third party is liable for an injury sustained by a workman, he must elect whether he desires to take under the act or to seek his remedy against the third party. If he elects to take under the act, the state alone can sue for the benefit of the accident fund.—Holmes vs. Jennings & Sons, 7 Fed. Rep. 231, (Ore.).

The findings of the Industrial Accident Commission on conflicting evidence is final and conclusive on Supreme Court.—Standard Varnish Works vs. Accident Commission, 239 Pac. 1067, (Cal.). To same effect is Pierce vs. Barker, 205 N. W. 496, (Wis.).

The findings of the Industrial Accident Commission are subject to review only insofar as they have been made without any evidence whatever in support thereof.-Stacey Bros. vs. Accident Commission, 239 Pac. 1072, (Cal.).

A lineman, while in the employ of his original master and as a member of a lineman's crew, was directed to dismantle a derrick erected by the master at the request of a contractor, and who was at all times during the course of the work under the direction and control of the original master, through its foreman, is not an employe of the contractor, but of the original master.—Stacey Bros. vs. Accident Commission, 239 Pac. 1072, (Cal.).

The burden of proving that the disability claimed is due to an injury sustained in the course of employment and not to something else is upon the claimant.—Simpson Construction Co. vs. Industrial Commission, 240 Pac. 58, (Cal.). To same effect is Curtis-Warner vs. Gorman, 130 Atl. 538, (N. J.).

A contractor who holds a contract to deliver U. S. mail along a star route, and who hires employes to deliver the mail, is subject to the State Workmen's Compensation Act, notwithstanding the employe, while delivering such mail, is engaged in a public function. Generally an employe who is injured while on his way to or from work is not entitled to compensation, in the absence of special circumstances bringing the accident within the scope of the employment.—Comstock vs. Bivens, 239 Pac. 869, (Colo.).

The provision of the Compensation Act granting a 50% increase of the award made in claims against employers who have failed to comply


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 not be known to us. Let us not imagine, however, that the law is the cause. I am afraid that many think and speak of the laws of gravitation as if they were the final cause of attraction. A larger body attracts a smaller one, not because it is larger, but because the principle of gravitation, whatever that may be, acts in proportion to its dimensions. This is one of the laws of its action, but the whole of these laws taken together do not explain its cause; and I conceive that it may be said generally that all laws are liable to exception; all causes operate uniformly.

No better or happier example of this difference can be cited than the suggestion of Adams of Cambridge, that the law of attraction from which the orbit of Uranus could be calculated was interfered with by some extraneous influence, which, for the time, modified the ordinary force, and produced an exception to the usual law. He calculated that a body external to it, moving in a similar orbit, attracted to the same centre, and attracting and being attracted by other bodies placed in relation to itself, would produce just such deviations from the recognised law as had been previously observed. By his calculations, he was able to indicate the exact portion of the heavens in which the planet Neptune was to be sought.

The lesson taught by this and similar instances seems to me to be this, that the cause of attraction


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 or gravitation, which is quite unknown, is always acting in a certain definite method, while the law of its action may seem to be modified for the time being. Hence it follows that when a true induction has been reached, these exceptions tend to prove its truth; in other words, the exception proves the rule.

I trust that in endeavouring to call your attention to these points I shall not be judged to have deviated too far from the objects that ought to claim our attention on this Anniversary. I have but sought to bring out Harvey's own ideas in the language of modern thought. If we turn to his Deed of Gift, by which this annual Celebration was originally constituted, we find him saying of the person appointed to deliver the Oration that he shall make it "publicly in the said College, wherein shall be a commemoration of all the benefactors of the said College by name, and what in particular they have done for the benefit of the said College, with an exhortation to others to imitate those benefactors, and to contribute their endeavours for the advancement of the Society according to the example of those benefactors. And with an exhortation to the Fellows and Members of the said College to search and study out the secrets of Nature by way of experiment; and also, for the honour of the profession, to continue in mutual love and affection among themselves, without which neither the dignity


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 of the College can be preserved, nor yet particular men receive that benefit, by their admission into the College which they might expect, ever remembering that 'concordiâ res parvæ crescunt, discordiâ magnæ dilabuntur.'"

First let us note the evidence which this document contains of his great love for this venerable institution. I think that no one of us can read his life, study his works, or review his character, without feeling for the moment stimulated to follow his own example. He regarded the College of Physicians as a grand foundation. He looked to it in the future as the great centre from which the light of medical science and skill was to shed its lustre over England; he hoped that the College was to be the teacher of her people, the adviser of her rulers, and the training-school of her medical men. He sought to help in this development; and while he made the old physicians' hall his school of medical philosophy, where he for so many years taught his new doctrine, he sought also to bind in the bonds of friendship those who met in solemn conclave to determine the great questions of the day.

It must be confessed that until recently his hopeful anticipations have not been realised. A narrow and exclusive jealousy grew up in place of the large-hearted sympathy which he had hoped would guide the steps of the Fellows of the


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 College; and it was not till the fatal Act of 1815 brought the certain Nemesis of overweening pride in the general lowering of the status of the profession, that any one seemed to think that there might be a nobler future in store for its Fellows. It had become little better than a gossiping club for Oxford and Cambridge graduates in medicine, with the select few whom they admitted into the Fellowship.

The origin of all this is not far to seek. The first failure lies at the door of the older universities of this kingdom. I will not venture to inquire how all the trusts placed in their hands have been discharged, but there can be no doubt that one of the most sacred—the encouragement of the study of medicine—has not had in times past the fostering care of either Alma Mater. Harvey himself left Cambridge to study in Italy, and from that day forward so little has that branch of science been regarded, that foundations set apart for its advancement have been awarded wholly on account of other distinctions, even to men who never opened a book on medicine and the allied sciences. It is true, indeed, that the English character has developed in her public schools and universities in a way that seemed to defy all antecedent probability—that the majority of those who have passed through the curriculum bear in after life the hall-stamp of gentlemen, and that a few have


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 distinguished themselves as critical scholars or as pioneers in the path of scientific research. For teaching purposes beyond the limits of classical and mathematical study, the English universities were for long ages practically without resource. Medicine seemed to a certain extent to be secured by the foundation of professorships, fellowships, and scholarships; but in the general lethargy it failed to awake any enthusiasm in England, and Edinburgh stands pre-eminent as the teacher that first drew away students from the foreign universities. The titular M.D. of Oxford and Cambridge necessarily sank in general estimation, while the graduates arrogated to themselves the rights and privileges conferred by the charter of the College.

From such a state of languor and depression a reaction was unavoidable. Outside the College, a strong phalanx of medical practitioners arose; inside the College, many a keen-sighted observer foresaw the doom which awaits exclusive mediocrity. Measures to stop the advancing tide have been eagerly grasped. Much has of late been done to raise the status of the profession; but at the present moment no prophetic eye can clearly discern the issue. So long as scientific workers are content to labour in a field where the hire is so small and the fruit so slow in its growth, increase of knowledge must be gained, progress


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 must be made. But whether practical medicine is to drift into a trade in which the breath of popularity alone raises a man above his fellows, or is to mount into that position in which the esteem of those competent to judge shall be the only portal to eminence, who can say? It is for the younger Fellows of this College to choose which path they will follow; and may God defend the Right! Let me entreat them, in the words of Harvey, to imitate the example of past benefactors, and to contribute their endeavours for the advancement of this Society according to that example, and to search and to study out the secrets of Nature by way of experiment.

And here it is natural to ask how far of late years students have regarded this course as the only sound basis of scientific knowledge and practice. Time would fail me were I to attempt to analyse all that has been done in the various departments of pathology, and endeavour to sift the wheat from the chaff. I propose to select two only among the salient subjects of observation and discussion, and compare them together from this point of view.

Harvey's name comes down to us as a great physiologist. No theory of inflammation arose in his mind out of the discovery of the circulation. He did not waste his energies on idle speculations; but, assuming the necessity of some hypothesis as


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 the starting-point in the inductive method which he followed, he saw clearly that it was valueless until he had put it to the proof by questioning Nature. Few among that vociferating crowd of anti-vivisectionists know that he did not shrink from observing for himself what was going on in the circulation of living animals. If he had not done so, he could not have obtained the sure answer to his questions—the proof of his hypothesis. The answer was in his case definite and unmistakeable. There was no longer any possibility of denying the truth of the facts, or disputing the conclusions deduced from them. It is much to be regretted that some philosophers of the present day, some close observers, have been content with a line of argument falling short of that certainty which, in my opinion, is at all times true of what I have already classed as laws of Nature. When the questioning of Nature has not produced an answer in accordance with their expectation, it has been not unusual to substitute a pretty and perhaps plausible theory as the main prop of the hypothesis, in place of abandoning it as a delusion which could only lead away from the strict path of scientific truth.

The survival of the fittest is by no means a new idea among physiologists. It was recognised, in its relation to the many varieties of the races of man, by Pritchard, when he wrote on this subject


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4

The Fourth Amendment to the Constitution prohibits the search of a dwelling without a search warrant except as an incident to a lawful arrest therein—Agnello vs. U. S., 46 Sup. Ct. Rep. 4.

The power of a Federal Court to issue writ of habeas corpus for relief from arrest under process of a State Court of first instance is not to be exerted except in cases of unusual urgency.—U. S. vs. Tyler, 46 Sup. Ct. Rep. 1.

Sec. 4 of the "Act to Regulate Commerce" provides: "It shall be unlawful for any common carrier subject to the provisions of this Act to charge any greater compensation as a through rate than the aggregate of the intermediate rates subject to the provisions of this Act." Under an amendment which required railroads to make application to the I. C. C. for the introduction of a different rate, such application was brought, but was undetermined. Shippers brought suit for the recovery of $30,000 alleged to have been illegally exacted. And it was held, Justice Brandeis delivering the opinion, that the I. C. C. had power to deal with the matter, and the shippers could not recover where adequate and timely application had been made by the carriers, though undetermined.—Patteison vs. Ry. Co., 46 Sup. Ct. Rep. 8.

A debt due in German marks is to be valued at the value of the mark on the date when the account was stated and the debt due. Interest for the period of the war was included.-Hicks vs. Guinness, 46 Sup. Ct. Rep. 46.

The construction and delivery of materials to a subcontractor by a foreign corporation which has a contract to erect a bridge within the state is held to be doing business within the state, and the failure to comply with certain prerequisites required by the state statutes before doing such business constitutes a violation and makes such corporation subject to fine.—Kansas City Structural Steel Co. vs. Arkansas, 46 Sup. Ct. Rep. 59.

The statutory provision which inhibits an attorney from accepting more than three dollars for services performed in the collection of claims against the Bureau of War Risk Insurance is valid, and does not relate solely to the clerical work of filling out the necessary papers. "The only compensation which it permits a claim agent or attorney to receive where no legal proceeding has been commenced is three dollars for assistance in preparation and execution of necessary papers. And the history of the enactment indicates plainly enough that Congress did not fail to choose apt language to express its purpose," said Justice Reynolds in writing the opinion.—Margolin vs. U. S., 46 Sup. Ct. Rep. 64.


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 nearly seventy years ago. He used it as an argument in favour of the unity of the human family, which even in those days was sometimes called in question. Its importance was overlooked chiefly because philosophic speculation set in a current opposed to the idea that the high mental culture of Europe could belong to the same race of beings as those who adored a fetish in South Africa. It was evident that some other principle was involved when, in the vast continent of America, a copper-coloured race of a comparatively low type of humanity had taken the place of a people who had left behind them evidences of a much higher state of civilization at an earlier period. In the old continent, events of the same kind had happened. Long ages ago, the treasures of Nineveh had been buried, and over the mounds under which they lay hid wandering Arabs had reared their tents. The wisdom of Egypt has long since perished; but the huge masses of solid rock out of which her ancient monuments were constructed still remain, amid a debased and degraded population. The Greek race has abandoned its high intellectual eminence; the Roman Senate has ceased to rule the world. These considerations gave rise to speculations which influenced the theories of the last generation. The survival of the fittest could hardly offer a solution of changes such as these; and rash hypotheses regarding the origin of species obscured the ques-


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 tion of the origin of varieties, It was contended by some that human beings so utterly unlike each other as some of these races are must have sprung from distinct progenitors, who had come upon the earth's surface at different times and at distant localities. Such a suggestion was very naturally met by others with the assertion that all belong to the same species.

Here let me just observe that, in the employment of the term species, I mean merely to convey the idea that, however closely any animals are related to each other, they do not belong to the same species if it be ascertained regarding them that the union of the sexes does not produce a prolific offspring. It is quite immaterial to my purpose to inquire further into this proposition, or why it is that the hybrid product of the union, when any such takes place, is incapable of producing progeny; it is only necessary here to define the sense in which the term is employed. I may further add that, whether this word continue to be used by scientific writers, or any other term be substituted for it, the law of Nature remains, and must be recognised. This has, no doubt, deprived much of the contention of its interest, so far as man at least is concerned, because nowhere is there any barrier to the propagation of the species. It has, indeed, been asserted that the mixed breed of certain races has degenerated and died out. Were


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 this proved, it would go no further than to serve as an illustration of the survival of the fittest within the limits of the species. No one has ever ventured to assert that the fruit of these mingled races could not themselves intermarry and produce fruitful offspring. The unity of the species remains unquestioned.

The subject of survivals has again been brought into prominence, in connection with Professor Darwin's theory of natural selection, by a certain section of philosophers, who profess to range themselves under his banner. The wild speculations which now pass current under the name of Darwinianism, start with the assumption that if there be apparently no limit to the origin of varieties within the bounds of species, there should be no difficulty in the transition from one species to another. I do not propose to argue the grounds on which this assumption is supposed to rest. I would only ask whether Nature has been questioned in the sense which Bacon and Harvey alike propose, and what answer she has given. I am not exaggerating the opinions held by these advanced thinkers, in saying that one of their dogmatic beliefs is that no single species has been throughout its history quite unconnected with other genera or species than its own, or was evolved at any one particular time or place in the world's history. It has been pointed out, without altering the current


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 of modern thought, that in the fossil fauna of past times, there are many examples of extinct forms of life alongside of many existing in the present day; and that while both may be grouped under genera and species, there is no transition form discoverable bridging over the line which defines the limit of species.

Popular as these speculations have become, in consequence of the charm of the writer's language and the wide scope which the play of thought may, in imagination, reach in reading Professor Darwin's beautiful illustrations of natural selection, they seem to me to want all that could give them firmness or stability. The conclusions, which may possibly be true, with reference to the origin of varieties, cannot be applied to the wider field of the origin of species without some kind of evidence that Nature has worked in this way. Many of her laws are yet unknown. The growth and the decadence of nations are problems which yet await solution. The high culture of European races, as contrasted with the moral degradation of the negro tribes, has not been brought into the domain of any definite law; but, in my judgment, what is popularly known as Darwinianism has not added one new item to our scientific knowledge, and cannot be commemorated as an instance of the real progress of science in a Harveian Oration. I would here broadly assert that no law of Nature


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 has been enunciated by which our origin, as we meet here this day, can be presumed to be derived from an anthropoid ape; no lapse of time can suffice to trace the human form divine, back to some primeval mollusc, or find its beginnings in the existence of an infusorial animalcule. Surely no one imagines that, in the recent revelations of the microscope, we can hope to search successfully for the first germs of life on our planet?

In a totally different direction, these minutest organisms have come to hold a very important position in the view of the real student of Nature in the present day. We must pass on mainly to their pathological aspect, though not losing sight of their physiological importance. I have already referred to the vexed question, which so long occupied the attention and stirred the antagonism of microscopical observers. Whether it has yet been finally settled, or is now only at rest while the opposing forces are preparing for a fresh encounter, I know not. The question was simply whether life could spring out of inert matter which had itself once attained to any of the functions of life, or had been at any time indirectly associated with some living organism. Could it, in its separate state, retain such a degree of vitality that life of the lowest form could spring out of its disintegration? Was it possible that such matter could, by its own molecular changes, give rise to


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 living organisms capable of rapid reproduction? I confess that I have always ranged myself with those who believed that the newly-developed organism commenced in the same germinal form which afterwards served for its propagation. Let me not be misunderstood. There is nothing irrational in the conception that these minute organisms may either produce fully-matured spores or germs, or may be propagated by fissure and subdivision. The word germ "may," for the present, be fairly applied to the immature object of either kind, which afterwards develops into a living being.

All the hypotheses which have been suggested in connection with the propagation of this lower stratum of life, revealed, as it has been, within a comparatively recent period by the more perfect optical instruments of the present day, have gone on the assumption that their development demands the presence of some force different from that which we find in constant operation; and the further question opens a wide field of controversy—viz., What is that force? The minutest of these creatures are invisible to the highest powers of the microscope in the solution to-day—to-morrow they are swarming in hundreds or thousands. How is this? Has any other change in our solution taken place, and is that change constant? It was very easy to confute Mr. Cross, who put forward the suggestion that electricity had the


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 power to develop animal and vegetable life, when it was found that, if other circumstances remained the same, the life was developed without the presence of electricity. But it was not so with regard to chemical change. Putrescence or fermentation was found to be almost invariably present; and there was evidently some correlation between the two facts thus established. So far, the law of their being was, with a few exceptions, absolute.

The law was absolute, but indefinite; and the existence of exceptions made it necessary to seek for a clearer insight into its meaning. The hypotheses which have been suggested divide themselves into three main classes. First, there was the old popular belief that putrefaction breeds worms, refined and transformed by scientific research into the statement that during the devitalisation of previously living organic matter, new life in another form sprang into existence—in principle, perhaps, not unlike the present view of the conservation of force. Secondly, there was the view, diametrically opposed to it, that the germ comes from without, and by its presence and power of development excites the chemical change which accompanies the presence of the fully-formed being. Thirdly, that the putrefying or fermenting material offers a suitable nidus for its growth and development. The first, I think one may say, has for the present passed into the region of oblivion. The second has


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 been recently engaging the attention of an ever-increasing number of enquirers. The third still counts a few trustworthy observers, and certainly contains some element of truth, the exact import of which has not yet been determined. For example, the oidium albicans appears in certain forms of malnutrition, while in others its presence has not been detected. Again, how curious to note the appearance of the milk bacillus almost simultaneously with the conversion of an outbuilding of a farm into a dairy.

It is to the second hypothesis that I specially wish to call your attention in its bearing on the causation of disease. Probably no name has become more widely associated with this view of the question than that of Lister. Ever since scientific observation has been associated with the practice of surgery, union of parts by what is technically called "the first intention" has been the great aim of the surgeon. Suppuration, and especially unhealthy suppuration, has marred the results of the most skilful operations. Mechanical and chemical aids have at various times been suggested, and have been more or less successful in the hands of those who introduced them; their subsequent adoption or rejection by the profession has depended very much upon whether, in their more general use, they justified the anticipations which had been formed concerning them. I think they may


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Author:Charles E. Clark (fl. 1925)

As illustrator

 * Mistress Madcap (1925) by Edith Bishop Sherman

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 all be said to have been based on one cardinal principle—viz., an attempt to exclude air from the wound. To some the air seemed to produce evil consequences by its coldness—to some by its dryness—to others by a kind of stimulating property; but to Lister's mind it occurred that the evil depended not so much on the air itself as on the impurities it contained. Among the floating particles were unquestionably those germs which the biologists of all schools were so busily trying to exclude from their solutions and infusions when discussing the origin of life; and these he endeavoured to exclude from his operations by the employment of germicides and cotton-wool. It is not for me here, as a physician addressing physicians, to attempt to estimate the value of his results. The hypothesis is one that claims the earnest consideration of surgeons, and the practice which it suggests numbers now a large number of adherents. I need only add one word of caution in weighing the arguments on one side or the other. If these germs abound, as we are led to believe they do abound, and if their exclusion be a matter of such delicate manipulation that it has stirred up the strife of two opposing parties of scientific enquirers for a long series of years, it is unquestionable that the precautions necessary for their exclusion or death must be most minute. True conclusions as to their influence on the divided


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 tissue cannot be attained by any rough and ready method. If germs are to be excluded, they must be shut out without an exception—if they are to be destroyed, the death of every fragment, every spore must be accomplished with the minutest care, or the experiment will necessarily fail so far as it is to be ranked as proving a law of Nature. The partial exclusion of atmosphere dirt may exercise a certain amount of beneficial influence; but it is impossible to appreciate it at its propern value in dealing with so complex a problem.

A much more engrossing aspect of this lower stratum of life presents itself to us in this Hall, when we turn to the consideration of the question whether these germs in the widest sense of the word have anything to do with the propagation of disease. Our means of research are probably yet far too limited to enable the most patient and painstaking observers to penetrate far into such mysteries. But I must confess that, as I have recently read some of the revelations which the microscope has already made, as I have followed some of the results obtained by the cultivation of these minute organisms, it has seemed to me that a vista was opened into a new region, that to our successors, if not to ourselves, a new era was about to commence, which might bring about a most complete change in the science and practice of medicine. Probably none of those early inquirers


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 who first argued the questions of homo-bio-genesis, a-bio-genesis, and hetero-bio-genesis, had the remotest conception that these questions bore any relation to the spread of small-pox and the influence of vaccination, or were directly involved in the development of anthrax and splenic fever. The inquiry began as a matter of purely physiological research. What was the life history of a bacillus? What were its parentage, development, and offspring? What were its relations to other beings, and to inert matter?

The history of this investigation affords a remarkable illustration of the manner in which the observation of facts, guided by a scientific aim, and prompted by a keen perception of the bearing of scientific truth, has led on by slow degrees to the development of a view of life consistent with itself, and closely interwoven with all that was previously known.

No great discovery has marked any step of its progress, no startling hypothesis has overturned the conceptions of a past age; if we exclude the possibility of its being hereafter proved that each specific disease has its own parasite. The descent from the examination of the higher to that of the lower stratum of life has followed naturally on the improvement of the optical instruments now in familiar use. The germ-theory of life is only the application to the lower classes of what was alredy


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 GUIDE TO CONTENTS —

This little book has a two-fold object it is intended for a Reader and Reciter, and also to help those beginners who find some difficulty in using the correlatives and affixes correctly.

The story taken for illustration is one out of the collection known as Esperantaj Prozaĵoj, and has been chosen on account of the suffixes and prefixes used in the story, some 24 occurring in its course.

It must not be forgotten that these suffixes and prefixes may themselves be used as independent words, as well as in helping to form compound words.

Dr. Zamenhof says in his Fundamenta Krestomatio : -

" I arranged a complete dismemberment of ideas into independent words, so that the whole language, instead of words in different grammatical forms, consists only of unchangeable words. If you take any work written in my language, you will find that every word appears always and only in one unalterable form, namely, that in which it is printed in the Dictionary. The various grammatical inflections are expressed by the junction of unchangeable syllables."

Thus prefixes and suffixes such as -aĵ-, -ec-, -em-,

—

Copyright, 1907, by Fleming H. Revell Company


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 disguised artifices or open assaults of Satan, they are to be taught, in the first place, that such is the admirable efficacy of first effect this sacrament as to remit original sin, and actual guilt however enormous. This its transcendant efficacy was foretold long before by Ezekiel, through whom God said: "I will pour upon you clean water, and you shall be cleansed from all your filthiness." The Apostle also, writing to the Corinthians, after having enumerated a long catalogue of crimes, adds: "such you were, but you are washed, but you are sanctified." That such was, at all times, the doctrine of the Catholic Church, is not matter of doubtful inquiry: "By the generation of the flesh," says St. Augustine, in his book on the baptism of infants, "we contract original sin only; by the regeneration of the Spirit, we obtain forgiveness not only of original, but also of actual guilt." St. Jerome, also, writing to Oceanus, says: "All sins are forgiven in baptism." To obviate the possibility of doubt upon the subject, the Council of Trent, to the definitions of former Councils, has added its own distinct declaration, by pronouncing anathema against those, who should presume to think otherwise, or should dare to assert "that although sin is forgiven in baptism, it is not entirely removed, or totally eradicated; but is cut away in such a manner, as to leave its roots still firmly fixed in the soul." To use the words of the same holy Council: "God hates nothing in those who are regenerated, for in those who are truly buried with Christ, by baptism, unto death, 'who walk not according to the flesh,' there is no condemnation: putting of the old man, and putting on the new, which is created according to God, they become innocent, spotless, innoxious, and beloved of God."

That concupiscence, however, or the fuel of sin, still remains, as the Council declares in the same place, must be acknowledged: but concupiscence does not constitute sin, for, as St. Augustine observes, "in children, who have been baptized, the guilt of concupiscence is removed, the concupiscence itself remains for our probation;" and in another place: "the guilt of concupiscence is pardoned in baptism, but its infirmity remains." Concupiscence is the effect of sin, and is nothing more than an appetite of the soul, in itself repugnant to reason. If unaccompanied with the consent of the will, or unattended with neglect on our part, it differs essentially from the nature of sin. This doctrine does not dissent from these words of St. Paul: "I did not know concupiscence, if the law did not say: 'thou shalt not covet.'" The apostle speaks not of the importunity of concupiscence, but of the sinfulness of the interior

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Talk:Original Sin

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One source is at https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/63909/pg63909-images.html Kaltenmeyer (talk) 15:24, 16 October 2023 (UTC)

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Rh also as a woman. For, having been instructed by His words, she considered and believed that it would come to pass, that the kingdom of Christ should flourish in glory, and walk in its vastness throughout the world, and be increased by the preaching of piety. She understood, as was [in fact] the case, that He who appeared in a lowly guise had delivered and received every promise. I will inquire upon another occasion, when I come to treat upon this humility, whether the Lord rejected her petition concerning His kingdom. But she thought that the same confidence would not be possessed by her, when, at the appearance of the angels, He should be ministered to by the angels, and receive service from the entire heavenly host. Taking the Saviour, therefore, apart in a retired place, she earnestly desired of Him those things which transcend every human nature.


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 they went out for military training, a fortnight in every year, marching long distances, sleeping in the open, carrying provisions, and sham-fighting over unfamiliar ground dotted with disappearing targets. There was a curious inability in our world to realise that war was really over for good and all."

"And now," I said, "haven't we got very nearly to the end of your prohibitions? You have forbidden alcohol, drugs, smoking, betting, and usury, games, trade, servants. But isn't there a vow of Chastity?"

"That is the Rule for your earthly orders?"

"Yes—except, if I remember rightly, for Plato's Guardians."

"There is a Rule of Chastity here—but not of Celibacy. We know quite clearly that civilisation is an artificial arrangement, and that all the physical and emotional instincts of man are too strong, and his natural instinct of restraint too weak, for him to live easily in the civilised State. Civilisation has developed far more rapidly than man has modified. Under the unnatural perfection of security, liberty and abundance our civilisation has attained, the normal untrained human being is disposed to excess in almost every direction; he tends to eat too much and too elaborately, to drink too much, to become lazy faster than his work can be reduced, to waste his interest upon displays, and to make love too much and too elaborately. He gets out of training, and concentrates upon egoistic or erotic broodings. The past history of our race is very largely a history of social collapses due to demoralisation by indulgences following security and abundance. In the time of our


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 act of the will, in assenting to its solicitations. The same doctrine is taught by St. Gregory, when he says: "If there are any who assert that, in baptism, sin is but superficially effaced, what can savour more of infidelity than the assertion? By the Sacrament of Baptism sin is utterly eradicated, and the soul adheres entirely to God." In proof of this doctrine he has recourse to the testimony of our Lord himself, who says in St. John: "He that is washed, needeth not but to wash his feet, but he is wholly clean."

But should illustration be desired, an express figure and image of the efficacy of baptism will be found in the history of the leprosy of Naaman the Syrian, of whom the Scriptures inform us, that when he had washed seven times in the waters of the Jordan, he was so cleansed from his leprosy, that his flesh became "like the flesh of a child." The remission of all sin, original and actual, is therefore the peculiar effect of baptism. That this was the object of its institution by our Lord and Saviour, is a truth clearly deduced from the testimony of St. Peter, to say nothing of the array of evidence that might be adduced from other sources: "Do penance," says he, "and be baptized every one of you, in the name of Jesus Christ, for the remission of your sins."

But in baptism, not only is sin forgiven, but with it all the punishment due to sin is remitted by a merciful God. To communicate the virtue of the passion of Christ is an effect common to all the Sacraments; but of baptism alone does the Apostle say, that "by it we die and are buried together with Christ." Hence the Church has uniformly taught, that to impose those offices of piety, usually called by the Fathers works of satisfaction, on him, who is to be cleansed in the salutary waters of baptism, would be derogatory in the highest degree to the dignity of this Sacrament. Nor is there any discrpancy between the doctrine here delivered and the practice of the primitive Church, which of old commanded the Jews, when preparing for baptism, to observe a fast of forty days. The fast thus imposed was not enjoined as a work of satisfaction: it was a practical lesson of instruction to those who were to receive the Sacrament; and one well calculated to impress upon their minds a deeper sense of the august dignity of a rite, of which they were not admitted to be participators, without devoting some time to the uninterrupted exercise of fasting and prayer.

But, although the remission by baptism of the punishments due to sin cannot be questioned, we are not hence to infer that

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 it gives the offender an exemption from undergoing the punishments awarded by the civil laws to public delinquency—that, for instance, it rescues from the hand of justice the man who is legally condemned to forfeit his life to the violated laws of his country. We cannot, however, too highly commend the religion and piety of those princes, who, on some occasions, remit the sentence of the law, that the glory of God may be the more strikingly displayed in his Sacraments. Baptism also remits all the punishment due to original sin in the next life, and this it does through the merits of our Lord Jesus Christ. By baptism, as we have already said, we die with Christ, "for if," says the Apostle, "we have been planted together in the likeness of his death, we shall be also in the likeness of his resurrection."

Should it be asked why, after baptism, we are not exempt in this life from these inconveniences, which flow from original sin, and restored by the influence of this Sacrament to that state of perfection, in which Adam, the father of the human race, was placed before his fall; for this two principal reasons are assigned: the first, that we, who by baptism are united to, and become members of Christ's body, may not be more honoured than our head. As, therefore, Christ, our Lord, although clothed from his birth with the plenitude of grace and truth, was not divested of human infirmity, until, having suffered and died, he rose to the glory of immortality; it cannot appear extraordinary, if the faithful, even after they have received the grace of justification by baptism, are clothed with frail and perishable bodies; that after having undergone many labours for the sake of Christ, and having closed their earthly career, they may be recalled to life, and found worthy to enjoy with him an eternity of bliss.

The second reason why corporal infirmity, disease, sense of pain, and motions of concupiscence, remain after baptism, is, that in them we may have the germs of virtue from which we shall hereafter receive a more abundant harvest of glory, and treasure up to ourselves more ample rewards. When, with patient resignation, we bear up against the trials of this life, and aided by the divine assistance, subject to the dominion of reason the rebellious desires of the heart, we may and ought to cherish an assured hope, that the time will come when, if with the Apostle we shall have "fought a good fight, finished the course, and kept the faith, the Lord, the just judge, will render to us, on that day, a crown of justice, which is laid up for us." Such seems to have been the divine economy with regard to the children of Israel: God delivered them from the bondage of Egypt, having drowned Pharaoh and his host in the sea; yet he did not conduct them immediately into the happy land of promise. He first tried them by a variety and multiplicity of sufferings; and when he afterwards placed them in possession of the promised land, he expelled from their native terri-

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 tories, the other inhabitants; whilst a few other nations, whom they could not exterminate, remained, that the people of God might never want occasions to exercise their warlike fortitude and valour.

To these we may add another consideration, which is, that if to the heavenly gifts with which the soul is adorned in baptism, were appended temporal advantages, we should have good reason to doubt whether many might not approach the baptismal font, with a view to obtain such advantages in this life, rather than the glory to be hoped for in the next; whereas the Christian should always propose to himself, not the delusive and uncertain things of this world, "which are seen," but the solid and eternal enjoyments of the next, "which are not seen." This life, however, although full of misery, does not want its pleasures and joys. To us, who by baptism are engrafted as branches on Christ, what source of purer pleasure, what object of nobler ambition, than, taking up our cross, to follow him as our leader, fatigued by no labour, retarded by no danger in pursuit of the rewards of our high vocation; some to receive the laurel of virginity, others the crown of doctors and confessors, some the palm of martyrdom, others the honours appropriated to their respective virtues? These splendid titles of exalted dignity none of us should receive, had we not contended in the race, and stood unconquered in the conflict.

But to return to the effects of baptism, the pastor will teach that, by virtue of this Sacrament, we are not only delivered from what are justly deemed the greatest of all evils, but are also enriched with invaluable goods. Our souls are replenished with divine grace, by which, rendered just and children of God we are made coheirs to the inheritance of eternal life; for it in written, "he that believeth and is baptized, shall be saved;" and the Apostle testifies, that the Church is cleansed, "by the laver of water, in the word of life." But grace, according to the definition of the Council of Trent, a definition to which, under pain of anathema, we are bound to defer, not only remits sin, but is also a divine quality inherent in the soul, and, as it were a brilliant light that effaces all those stains which obscure the lustre of the soul, and invests it with increased brightness and beauty. This is also a clear inference from the words of Scripture when it says, that grace is "poured forth," and also when it calls grace, "the pledge" of the holy Ghost.

The progress of grace in the soul is also accompanied by a most splendid train of virtues; and hence, when writing to Titus, the Apostle says: "He saved us by the laver of regeneration, and renovation of the Holy Ghost, whom he hath poured

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 -re-, -id-, etc., may all be used as independent words, the addition of ’o’ forming a noun, thus aĵo, 'a thing’, eco, ’a quality'; the addition of ’i’ forming the infinitive of a verb, as iĝi, ’to become’, etc. It sometimes happens that a word, apparently consisting of a root and an affix, is itself a root. For example, in the word tornistro, "a knapsack", ist is not a suffix denoting occupation, but a part of the root tornistr.

Another thing for the beginner to remember is that in Esperanto words often cannot be translated literally that which is needed is an exact translation of the underlying idea which different nations often render in varying ways. For instance, the Frenchman says, " I have hunger " ; the English and Germans, "I am hungry." The Englishman says, " How do you do ? " ; the German, "How do you find yourself?" ; the Frenchman, "How do you carry yourself?"; yet all mean the same thing, Kiel vi fartas ?

Finally, I hope no one will suppose that in these two stories I have included every possible difficulty. If necessary, this little Reader will be No. 1 of a series.

I take here the opportunity of thanking M. de Beaufront, the Messrs. Hachette, R. Van Melckebeke, Capt. Capé, and others for permission to reprint and also the kind friends who have advised and helped me in the preparation of this First Reader.

E. A. LAWRENCE.

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 forth upon us abundantly, through Jesus Christ our Saviour;" St. Augustine, in explanation of the words, "poured forth on us abundantly," says, "that is, for the remission of sins, and for abundance of virtues."

By baptism we are also united to Christ, as members to theirhead: as, therefore, from the head proceeds the power by which the different members of the body are impelled to the proper performance of their peculiar functions; so from the fulness of Christ the Lord, are diffused divine grace and virtue through all those who are justified, qualifying them for the performance of all the offices of Christian piety.

We are, it is true, supported by a powerful array of virtues. It should not, however, excite our surprise if we cannot, without much labour and difficulty undertake, or, at least, perform acts of piety, and of moral virtue. If this is so, it is not because the goodness of God has not bestowed on us the virtues from which these actions emanate; but because there remains, after baptism, a severe conflict of the flesh against the spirit, in which, however, it would not become a Christian to be dispirited or grow faint. Relying on the divine goodness, we should confidently hope, that by a constant habit of leading a holy life, the time will arrive, when "whatever things are modest, whatever just, whatever holy," will also prove easy and agreeable. Be these the subjects of our fond consideration; be these the objects of our cheerful practice; that "the God of peace may be with us."

By baptism, moreover, we are sealed with a character that can never be effaced from the soul, of which, however, it were here superfluous to speak at large, as in what we have already said on the subject, when treating of the Sacraments in general, the pastor will find sufficient matter on the subject, to which he may refer.

But as from the nature and efficacy of this character, it has been defined by the Church, that this Sacrament is on no account to be reiterated, the pastor should frequently and diligently admonish the faithful on this subject, lest at any time they may err on a matter of such moment. The doctrine which prohibits the reiteration of baptism, is that of the Apostle, when he says: "One Lord, one faith, one baptism." Again, when exhorting the Romans, that dead in Christ by baptism, they lose not the life which they received from him, he says: "In

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 that Christ died to sin, he died once;" he seems clearly to signify that as Christ cannot die again, neither can we die again by baptism. Hence the Church openly professes that she believes "one baptism;" and that this accords with the nature and object of the Sacrament appears from the very idea of baptism,, which is a spiritual regeneration. As then, according to the laws of nature, we are born but once, and "our birth," as St. Augustine observes, "cannot be repeated," so, in the supernatural order, there is but one spiritual regeneration, and, therefore, baptism can never be administered a second time.

Nor let it be supposed, that this Sacrament is repeated by the Church, when she admits to the baptismal font those of whose previous baptism reasonable doubts are entertained, making use of this form: "if thou art already baptized, I baptize thee not again; but if thou are not already baptized, I baptize thee in name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost:" in such cases baptism is not to be considered as repeated (its repetition would be an impiety), but as holily, because conditionally administered.

In this, however, the pastor should use particular precaution, in order to avoid certain abuses which are of almost daily occurrence, to the no small irreverence of this Sacrament. There are those who think that they commit no sin by the indiscriminate administration of conditional baptism: if a child is brought before them, they imagine that inquiry as to its previous baptism is unnecessary, and accordingly proceed, without delay, to administer the Sacrament. Nay more, having ascertained that the child received private baptism, they hesitate not to repeat its administration conditionally, making use, at the same time, of the solemn ceremonies of the Church! Such temerity in curs the guilt of sacrilege, and involves the minister in what theologians call an "irregularity." It has been authoritatively decided by pope Alexander, that the conditional form of baptism is to be used only when, after due inquiry, doubts are entertained of the validity of the previous baptism; and in no other case can it ever be lawful to administer baptism a second time, even conditionally.

Besides the many other advantages which accrue to us from baptism, we may look upon it as the last, to which all the rest seem to be referred, that it opens to us the portals of Heaven, which sin had closed against our admission. All these effects, which are wrought in us by virtue of this Sacrament, are distinctly marked by the circumstances which, as the Gospel relates, accompanied the baptism of our Saviour. The heavens

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E. Inland waterways (S)

The commercially navigable waterways comprise two major systems, the Elbe and the Danube, in addition to short sections of the Oder and Tisa rivers. Totaling 517 miles, these waterways provide navigability in and bordering the country and act as a supplement to the highways and overburdened railroads. The waterways are greatly underutilized in relation to their potential; nevertheless, they are nationally and internationally important as a suitable means of low-cost short-to-long-haul movement of bulk commodities. The major systems lack interconnection and serve geographically distant portions of the country. However, landlocked Czechoslovakia has dependable river access north through East Germany to West German and Polish maritime ports on the North and Baltic Seas and southeast to Romanian and U.S.S.R. Black Sea outlets on the lower Danube.

The major waterways and their facilities are adequate for current shipping demands. The more heavily trafficked routes are well developed and maintained, and others have considerable potential for multipurpose improvement as primary transport arteries.

In 1972 the 9.5 million short tons of waterway freight, including 4.1 million tons of international transit traffic, generated 2.5 billion ton-miles. Passenger traffic averages 300,000 annually. Principal shipments are coal, construction materials, scrap metal, petroleum and petroleum products, and metal products. Important items shipped in lesser quantity include ores, grain and other foodstuffs, general cargo, and a variety of small manufactured goods. The Danube system supports the heavier volume (70%) of traffic due, in part, to the large amounts of transit cargo moved over the Czechoslovak Danube, most of which is moved upstream. On both the Elbe and Danube systems domestic traffic exceeds import-export traffic by a ratio of 2:1. On the Danube, import-export traffic is fairly balanced while on the Elbe exports exceed imports. Exports are largely in long-haul shipments moved either via East German routes to Poland for transshipment at Szczecin, or directly to Hamburg, West Germany, via the Elbe.

The Elbe system has 330 miles, including 126 miles sectionally navigable because of lockless dams on the Elbe between Pardubice and Jaromer and on the Vltava between Slapy dam and Ceske Budejovice. The Danube system provides 159 miles of navigation including 107 on the Danube, 16 on the Mall Dunaj anabranch, and 34 on the Vah upstream to Sered. Sections of the Oder and Tisa have a combined length of 20 miles. The Elbe system is mostly canalized, and a substantial degree of stability is maintained by an extensive system of regulatory dams and locks. Safe drafts generally exceed 5.9 feet, and the controlling channel width is about 165 feet on the major routes. On the Danube the primary form of regulation is a system of groins, dikes, revetments, and other training works; partial regulation of the lower Maly Dunaj and Val derives from lockless dams on the latter above Sered. Safe draft is 8.2 feet on the Danube, and the controlling channel width is 265 feet.

Operations are performed largely by self-propelled vessels and pusher trains, which are replacing the conventional stern-haul dumb-barge tows (Figure 7). On the Elbe 600-ton self-propelled units and 800-ton pusher barges are used most frequently; locks generally limit barge trains to line-ahead formations of two carriers and a towboat. In Danube operations the standard 600-ton self-propelled and dumb-barge units are being replaced by 1,000- to 1,500-ton pusher units and river-seagoing vessels up to 2,500-ton carrying capacity. The latter vessels can now operate out of Bratislava most of the year. The structurally unrestrictive Danube permits flexibility in barge-train composition, especially below Gonyu, Hungary, where wide channels, moderate currents, and greater depths allow formations of conventional tug with two rows of five 600-ton barges fleeted abreast. Pusher tows are generally limited to a towboat and two to four barges. Operations on the major routes are facilitated by floating and short-based navigational aids, and routes are equipped for night navigation. Radiotelephone and radar facilities have been installed on craft and at shore stations.

The principal traffic interruption factors are ice, floods, and prolonged high-water periods and excessive silting. Ice conditions can interrupt navigation for 50 days between mid-December and early April on the Elbe system and for 35 days between mid-December and mid-February on the Danube system and is the only principal interruption factor on the major routes. Navigation may be suspended for a week or more because of flooding, most frequently following the spring thaw but also during midsummer on the Danube system. Low-water conditions rarely halt shipping, but inadequate depths in late summer and early winter can necessitate partial loading of the larger Danube craft. Through navigation on parts of the Elbe system is suspended during yearly maintenance operations.

Structures on the waterways include locks, dams and weirs, bridges, and a safety gate. The controlling dimensions of the 35 locks on the major routes are as follows: length, 240 feet; width, 36 feet; and depth over sill, 8.2 feet. The locking cycles average 45

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 were opened and the Holy Ghost appeared descending upon Christ our Lord, in form of a dove; by which we are given to understand, that to those who are baptized are imparted the gifts of the Holy Spirit, that to them are unfolded the gates of Heaven, opening to them an entrance into glory; not, it is true, immediately after baptism, but in due season, when freed from the miseries of this life, which are incompatible with a state of bliss, they shall exchange a mortal for an immortal life.

These are the fruits of baptism, which, as far as regards the efficacy of the Sacrament, are, no doubt, common to all; but as far as regards the dispositions with which it is received, it is no less certain that all do not participate equally of these heavenly gifts and graces.

It now remains to explain, clearly and concisely, what regards the prayers, rites, and ceremonies of this Sacrament. To rites and ceremonies may, in some measure, be applied what the Apostle says of the gift of tongues, that it is unprofitable to speak, unless he who hears understands. They present an image, and convey the signification of the things that are done in the Sacrament; but if the people understand not their force and significancy, they can be of very little advantage to them. To make them understood, therefore, and to impress the minds of the faithful with a conviction that, although not of absolute necessity, they are of very great importance, and challenge great veneration, are matters which solicit the zeal and industry of the pastor. This, the authority of those by whom they were instituted, who were, no doubt, the Apostles, and also the object of their institution, sufficiently prove. That ceremonies contribute to the more religious and holy administration of the Sacraments, serve to exhibit to the eyes of the beholder a lively picture of the exalted and inestimable gifts which they contain, and impress on the minds of the faithful a deeper sense of the boundless beneficence of God, are truths as obvious as they are unquestionable.

But that in his expositions the pastor may follow a certain order, and that the people may find it easier to recollect his instructions, all the ceremonies and prayers which the Church uses in the administration of baptism, are to be reduced to three heads. The first comprehends such as are observed before coming to the baptismal font—the second, such as are used at the font—the third, those that immediately follow the administration of the Sacrament.

In the first place, then, the water to be used in baptism should be previously prepared: the baptismal water is consecrated with the oil of mystic unction; and this cannot be done at all times, but, according to ancient usage, on the vigils of certain festivals, which are justly deemed the greatest and the most holy solem

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 nities in the year, and on which alone, except in cases of necessity, it was the practice of the ancient Church to administer baptism. But although the Church, on account of the dangers to which life is continually exposed, has deemed it expedient to change her discipline in this respect, she still observes with the greatest solemnity the festivals of Easter and Pentecost, on which the baptismal water is to be consecrated.

After the consecration of the water, the other ceremonies that precede baptism, are next to be explained. The person to be baptized is brought or conducted to the door of the church, and is forbidden to enter, as unworthy to be admitted into the house of God, until he has cast off the yoke of the most degrading servitude of Satan, devoted himself unreservedly to Christ, and pledged his fidelity to the just sovereignty of the Lord Jesus.

The priest then asks what he demands of the Church of God; and having received the answer, he first instructs him catechetically, in the doctrines of the Christian faith, of which a profession is to be made in baptism. This practice of thus communicating instruction originated, no doubt, in the precept of our Lord, addressed to his Apostles: "Go ye into the whole world, and teach all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost, teaching them to observe all things whatsoever I have commanded you;" words from which we may learn that baptism is not to be administered until, at least, the principal truths of religion are explained. But as the catechetical form consists of question and answer; if the person to be instructed be an adult, he himself answers the interrogatories; if an infant, the sponsor answers according to the prescribed form, and enters into a solemn engagement for the child.

The exorcism comes next in order: it consists of words of sacred and religious import, and of prayers; and is used to expel the devil, to weaken and crush his power. To the exorcism are added other ceremonies, each of which, being mystical, has its clear and proper signification. When, for in stance, salt is put into the mouth of the person to be baptized, it evidently imports, that by the doctrines of faith, and by the gift of grace, he shall be delivered from the corruption of sin, shall experience a relish for good works, and shall be nurtured with the food of divine wisdom. Again, his forehead, eyes, breast, shoulders, ears, are signed with the sign of the cross, to declare, that by the mystery of baptism, the senses of the person baptized are opened and strengthened, to enable him to

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