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Page:The Galaxy, Volume 5.djvu/217

Rh d'ouvres of the Journal de la Rive gauche a week or two hence. You don't read the Journal de la Rive gauche, I suppose?—it is, I must tell you, one of the poorest Paris papers of one sou—well, if you did, you would recognize my drawling there—not by the sketch itself, all likeness to the original will be too thoroughly taken away in the cutting—but by the letters 'K. B.' Do you see them in the corner, here?"

The scene which the drawing represented was of a character thoroughly suited to the paper for which it was destined: a young man reeling, pistol in hand, from a gambling-room—glimpses of players around the table within — the outline of a female figure, her arms wildly extended as if to clasp him, in the black night outside; a scene, melodramatic in conception, faulty in design, but drawn with exquisite fineness of touch, and not without originality and true artistic feeling in the expression and gestures of the principal actors.

"Why, this scene must surely have been taken from life," said Steven, when he had examined the block carefully. "I remember seeing one like it, or nearly like it, years ago in Sacramento. Surely," he went on, "a drawing such as this is worthy of a place in something better than—"

"A halfpenny Paris paper!" said Mademoiselle Barry, quietly. "No, indeed, it is not. There isn't such a thing, I hold, as under-rated talent. We all find exactly the place in the world"—but as she said this, she sighed—"exactly the place that we are most suited to fill. When first I began to draw—come and sit by the fire, please; as long as we talk low, we may talk—when I first thought of drawing for money, that is to say, about two years ago, I had a great opinion of myself. Because I could understand good pictures and was fond of them, and had a pretty-young-lady touch, I thought I was an artist."

She smiled: the pensive flitting smile that became her delicate face so well. "If people have an overweening opinion of their own ability," she went on, as Steven remained silent, "let them try to make money by it. No test so sure, sir. I sent over my first sketches to the —, well, to one of the best magazines in London—I know nothing of English magazines—but the clerk of the English library—we lived at Brussels, then—told me it was one of the best, and for two months heard nothing of them. Then I wrote to inquire. 'The sketches of K. B.,' I heard in three lines of reply, 'were wholly valueless to the —. It was feared they were mislaid. The risk of mis-carriage was always, as K. B. probably knew, incurred by the sender.

"And after this?" asked Steven, interested for the first time in his life, in any venture of art or literature.

"After this," said Mademoiselle Barry, "we came to Paris, and

title: Page:The Galaxy, Volume 5.djvu/217


text:
Page:พรบ มธ ๒๕๓๑ (๑).pdf/18

 to consider the budget of the faculty, college, or independent section in order to propose it to the University Council;

to propose appointment and removal of adjunct professors and emeritus professors of the faculty, college, or independent section to the University Council.

The operation of the standing committee of a faculty, college, or independent section shall be as set out in the regulations of the University.

In an institute, bureau, centre, or agency called otherwise which is equivalent to a faculty, there shall be one director or chief to command and responsible for it, and there may be one or several deputy directors or chiefs to assist in the affairs assigned by the director or chief.

The requirements for, the procedure for appointment of, and the tenures of the directors or chiefs and deputy directors or deputy chiefs shall be as set out in the regulations of the University.

When a director or chief retires from his position, the deputy directors or deputy chiefs shall retire from their positions also.

The operation of an institute, bureau, centre, or agency called otherwise which is equivalent to a faculty shall be as set out in the regulations of the University.

In the event that a faculty, college, or independent section is divided into departments, there shall be chiefs of departments to command and be responsible for the work of those departments.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Page:พรบ มธ ๒๕๓๑ (๑).pdf/18


text: Index:Peterson Magazine 1855-Vol 28 Oct Nov Dec missing pages.pdf


text:
Page:NZYQ v Minister for Immigration, Citizenship and Multicultural Affairs.pdf/13

Gageler CJ Gordon J Edelman J Steward J Gleeson J Jagot J Beech-Jones J

This was not the first time that the reopening and overruling of Al-Kateb had been argued before the Court. This was, however, the first time that there was shown to be a state of facts which made questions about reopening and overruling Al-Kateb necessary to be addressed by the Court in order to determine the rights of the parties in issue before it. In Plaintiff M47/2012 v Director-General of Security, two members of the Court (Gummow and Bell JJ) expressed the view that the statutory construction holding in Al-Kateb should be reopened and overruled; another (Heydon J) expressed the view that it should not. In Plaintiff M76/2013 v Minister for Immigration, Multicultural Affairs and Citizenship, two members of the Court (Kiefel and Keane JJ) expressed the view that the statutory construction holding in Al-Kateb should not be reopened; another (Hayne J) emphasised that Al-Kateb had not been overruled and reiterated his view that Al-Kateb had been correctly decided. In neither of those cases did other members of the Court address Al-Kateb. In Plaintiff M47/2018 v Minister for Home Affairs, reopening and overruling Al-Kateb was again argued. Again, the arguments were found unnecessary to be addressed in order to resolve the controversy before the Court.

The considerations which inform when it can be appropriate for the Court to reopen and reconsider its own earlier decisions may have different weight, are incapable of exhaustive definition, and have been examined on numerous occasions. The evaluation of such considerations as may bear on the appropriateness of reopening a given decision in given circumstances was said by French CJ in Wurridjal v The Commonwealth to be "informed by a strongly conservative cautionary principle, adopted in the interests of continuity and consistency in the law, that such a course should not lightly be taken".


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 The University Council shall appoint the chief of a department from amongst the regular members of the teaching faculty of the University who have received any degree or equivalent from the University or other advanced education institutions recognised by the University Council and have taught for not less than two years in total at the University or other advanced education institutions recognised by the University Council.

The chief of a department holds his position for a term of three years and may be reappointed, but he shall not hold the position for more than two consecutive terms.

The stipulations of section 32, section 33, section 34, and section 35 shall apply mutatis mutandis to institutes, bureaus, centres, and agencies called otherwise which are equivalent to faculties.

The procedure for recruitment of persons to be appointed as Chair of the University Council, qualified Members of the University Council, Rector, deans, independent section chiefs, institute directors, bureau directors, centre directors, department chiefs, and chiefs of agencies called otherwise which are equivalent to faculties or departments shall be as set out in the regulations of the University.

The holders of the positions of Rector, Deputy Rectors, deans, independent section chiefs, institute directors, bureau directors, centre directors, department chiefs, and chiefs of agencies called otherwise which are equivalent to faculties or departments must be able to serve full-time and shall not hold more than one of the said positions at the same time.

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text:
Page:NZYQ v Minister for Immigration, Citizenship and Multicultural Affairs.pdf/14

Gageler CJ Gordon J Edelman J Steward J Gleeson J Jagot J Beech-Jones J

Informed by that strongly conservative cautionary principle, the applicable considerations weigh against reopening of the statutory construction holding in Al-Kateb but in favour of reopening of its constitutional holding.

No reopening of the statutory construction holding in Al-Kateb

Despite Gummow and Bell JJ's criticism in Plaintiff M47/2012 of the construction of ss 189(1) and 196(1) adopted by the majority in Al-Kateb, the process of reasoning which led the majority in Al-Kateb to that construction cannot be said to have overlooked any principle of statutory construction on which the minority in Al-Kateb relied or on which the plaintiff and amici placed emphasis in argument on the special case. The difference between the majority and minority in Al-Kateb was in the application of those principles of statutory construction to the enacted text of ss 189(1) and 196(1), and in particular the weight to be given to textual considerations in ascertaining the meaning, which Hayne J in the majority described as "intractable".

In Plaintiff M76/2013, Kiefel and Keane JJ observed that any suggestion that the majority's construction of ss 189(1) and 196(1) in Al-Kateb failed to give effect to the will of the Commonwealth Parliament had become difficult to sustain by 2013. Not only had the Parliament refrained from altering the critical text of those provisions despite making numerous amendments to the Migration Act in the ten years which had then elapsed since Al-Kateb, but the Parliament had also, in 2005, inserted other provisions into the Migration Act which assumed the correctness of the construction of ss 189(1) and 196(1) adopted in Al-Kateb and which were designed to ameliorate the harshness of the operation of those provisions, so construed. Kiefel and Keane JJ referred to s 195A, which was explained at the time of insertion as providing the Minister with "the flexibility to grant any visa that is appropriate … where the detainee has no right to remain in Australia but removal is not practicable in the foreseeable future". Their Honours


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Page:พรบ มธ ๒๕๓๑ (๑).pdf/20

 The holder of one of the positions under paragraph 1 may act as the holder of another one of them, but this must not be longer than six months.

Regular members of the teaching faculty of the University have the following academic ranks:

professors;

associate professors;

assistant professors;

instructors.

Professors, associate professors, and assistant professors must have qualifications, teaching ability, and academic works according to the law on rules for civil officials in universities.

Instructors must have received any degree or equivalent from the University or other advanced education institution recognised by the University Council, or must specialise in an academic field taught at the University.

Professors will be appointed by His Gracious Majesty upon advice of the University Council.

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text:
Page:NZYQ v Minister for Immigration, Citizenship and Multicultural Affairs.pdf/15

Gageler CJ Gordon J Edelman J Steward J Gleeson J Jagot J Beech-Jones J

might also have referred to Subdiv B of Div 7 of Pt 2, which provides for the Minister to make a residence determination permitting a person required to be detained under s 189(1) to reside at a specified place instead of being detained at a place of detention, and Pt 8C, which provides for periodic assessment by the Commonwealth Ombudsman of the appropriateness of detention arrangements for a person who has been in immigration detention for two years or more.

In 2021, the considerations of legislative reliance and implicit legislative endorsement identified by Kiefel and Keane JJ in 2013 were reinforced by the Parliament's assumption as to the correctness of the Al-Kateb construction which informed the insertion of s 197C(3) by the Migration Amendment (Clarifying International Obligations for Removal) Act 2021 (Cth).

To all of those considerations of legislative reliance and implicit legislative endorsement must now also be added the decision in The Commonwealth v AJL20. There the majority (Kiefel CJ, Gageler, Keane and Steward JJ) endorsed key aspects of the reasoning of the majority on the issue of statutory construction in Al-Kateb. The majority did so in referring to the statutory construction holding in Al-Kateb, and saying that the word "until" in conjunction with the word "kept" in s 196(1) indicates that detention under s 189(1) is "an ongoing or continuous state of affairs that is to be maintained up to the time that the event (relevantly, the grant of a visa or removal) actually occurs".

The cumulation of these considerations leads inexorably to the conclusion, reflected in the answers stated in the order made at the end of the hearing of the special case, that leave to reopen the statutory construction holding in Al-Kateb should not be granted.


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 In addition to the regular members of the teaching faculty under section 41, the University may invite persons who meet suitable qualifications and requirements to serve as adjunct instructors or adjunct lecturers.

Adjunct professors will be appointed by His Gracious Majesty upon advice of the University Council from amongst person who serve or once served as adjunct instructors in the fields in which they specialise.

The requirements for the persons who may become adjunct professors shall be as set out in the regulations of the University.

Professors who are of special knowledge, ability, and proficiency and have already retired from the public service at the University may be appointed by the University Council as emeritus professors in the fields in which they are expert.

The requirements for the persons who may be appointed emeritus professors shall be as set out in the regulations of the University.

Degrees have three levels, namely—

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text:
Page:NZYQ v Minister for Immigration, Citizenship and Multicultural Affairs.pdf/16

Gageler CJ Gordon J Edelman J Steward J Gleeson J Jagot J Beech-Jones J

Reopening of the constitutional holding in Al-Kateb

The facts of AJL20 did not raise whether, on the construction of ss 189(1) and 196(1) of the Migration Act adopted in Al-Kateb and endorsed in AJL20, those provisions have valid application to an unlawful non-citizen in respect of whom there is no real prospect of removal from Australia becoming practicable in the reasonably foreseeable future. The majority in AJL20 specifically recorded that the correctness of the constitutional holding in Al-Kateb did not arise for consideration.

Twelve years before Al-Kateb and two years before the insertion of Divs 7 and 8 of Pt 2 of the Migration Act, the Court decided Chu Kheng Lim v Minister for Immigration, Local Government and Ethnic Affairs. There it was necessary to determine the constitutional validity of two earlier and then recently inserted sections of the Migration Act which authorised and required the detention of a person who was within a category of non-citizens who had entered Australia unlawfully by boat. The detention was required to continue unless and until the person was either removed from Australia or granted an entry permit, but the maximum period of detention was capped at 273 days and the person was required to be removed from Australia "as soon as practicable" if the person asked for that to occur. The impugned sections were held to be supported by s 51(xix) and not to contravene Ch III of the Constitution.

The reasoning of three members of the Court (Brennan, Deane and Dawson JJ), with whom a fourth (Mason CJ) agreed, that the impugned sections


text:
Page:พรบ มธ ๒๕๓๑ (๑).pdf/27

 certificates of Thammasat University which have been in existence since before the day of coming into force of this Act.

Whilst the royal decrees, announcements of the Subministry of Universities, rules, and regulations for the execution of this Act have not yet been enacted, the royal decrees, announcements of the Office of the Prime Minister, announcements of the Subministry of Universities, rules, and regulations which are in force on the day of coming into force of this Act, shall apply mutatis mutandis.

The reasons for promulgation of this Act are as follows: Whereas the law on Thammasat University, which has been in force since 2495 BE and has been amended on many occasions, is still not suitable for the present situations and does not support the growth of the University in regard to the promotion and development of academic affairs, production of graduates, provision of services to the society, and promotion of arts and culture, it is appropriate to improve the said law for more suitability. It is therefore necessary to enact this Act.

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Page:พรบ มธ ๒๕๓๑ (๑).pdf/24

Whoever uses a positional gown, academic standing gown, academic standing brooch, or student uniform, emblem, or dress of the University without the right to use it, or shows in any manner that he has a position, degree, graduate certificate, diploma, or certificate of the University without having it, shall be punished with imprisonment of not over six months, or a fine of not over ten thousand baht, or both the imprisonment and fine, if he does so in order to cause others to believe that he has the right to use it or has the position or academic standing in question.

The holders of the positions of Chair and Members of the University Council on the day of coming into force of this Act shall continue to serve as the Chair and Members of the University Council until the Chair and qualified Members of the University Council are appointed by His Gracious Majesty and Members of the University Council are elected in accordance with this Act, which must not be longer than one hundred and twenty days from the day of coming into force of this Act.

title: Page:พรบ มธ ๒๕๓๑ (๑).pdf/24


text:
Index talk:A Descriptive Account Of Asam (IA in.ernet.dli.2015.279285).pdf

Author
This page currently links to a William Robinson born in 1838, which seems unlikely. -- Beardo (talk) 00:11, 29 November 2023 (UTC)


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Page:พรบ มธ ๒๕๓๑ (๑).pdf/25

 The holders of the positions of Rector and Deputy Rectors on the day of coming into force of this Act shall continue to be in those positions. As for the holder of the position of Rector, if he has been in such position for a period not yet over three years from the day of his appointment by His Gracious Majesty, he shall continue to be in the position until completion of the three-year period. Once he has completed the three-year period, he shall continue to act in such position until a Rector is appointed in accordance with this Act, which must not be longer than one hundred and twenty days from the day of coming into force of this Act.

The holders of the positions of deans and independent section chiefs on the day of coming into force of this Act, who have been in those positions for a period not yet over three years from the day of their appointment, shall continue to be in the positions until completion of the three-year period. If they have completed the three-year period, they shall continue to act in those positions until deans and independent section chiefs are appointed in accordance with this Act, which must not be longer than one hundred and twenty days from the day of coming into force of this Act.

The holders of the positions of directors of institutes, bureaus, and centres on the day of coming into force of this Act, who have been in those positions for a period not yet over three years from the day of their appointment, shall continue to be in the positions until completion of the three-year period. If they have completed the three-year period, they shall continue to act in those positions until directors of those institutes, bureaus, and centres are appointed in accordance with this Act, which must not be longer than one hundred and twenty days from the day of coming into force of this Act.

The holders of the positions of department chiefs on the day of coming into force of this Act shall become department chiefs under this Act. If they have been in those positions

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205


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207


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 renewed, flood the Russian market with its paints, which, by the way, are of lower quality as compared with those of England and France.

In addition to what is contained in Document No. 20 (page 6848 [sic]) on this subject, we add Documents Nos. 27, 28, 29 and 30, which show conclusively that the theatre is to be made, in Soviet Russia, a part of the esthetic life of the whole population.

The object of the Repertoire Committee is first, the drawing up of a repertoire for district theatres, and secondly, the preparation of a list of plays for workmen's theatres.

In the opinion of the Committee the following principles must underlie the preparation of the repertoire: 1) plays on the repertoire list must be artistic creations and adapted to the needs of the theatrical art; 2) they should heighten and strengthen the revolutionary spirit of the masses; 3) they should be optimistic in spirit.

Owing to the insistent and continual requests from localities a preliminary list has been prepared including the following Russian and foreign dramatists.

Russian—Gogol, Griboyedov, Shackovsky, Ostrovsky, Leo Tolstoi, Turgenov, Tchechov, Suchovo-Kobulin, Shchedrin, Gorky, A. Tolstoi.

Foreign—Calderon, Lope de Vega, Cervantes, Shakespeare, Beaumarchais, Moliere, Schiller, Blanche, Ibsen, Shaw, Romain Rolland, Verhaeren, Delle-Grazie, Mirbeau, Hauptmann.

The plays approved by the Committee will contain short reviews, written by the members of the Committee containing: a1 [sic]) plot and central idea of the play, 2) characterization of the stage personages, 3) possible cuts and change of scenes, 4) illustrative points on scenery and costumes (preferably accom-


text:
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 panied by outline drawings). These reviews will be later published by the Committee as separate leaflets.

Besides, the Committee is preparing for publication a number of books on the theatre. The subjects of these books are: 1) stage-craft, 2) scenic decorations, 3) the art of make-up, 4) costumes, 5) rhythm gymnastics, 6) drama and opera, 7) studio work, 8) working over of assigned parts.

The pedagogic division of the Theatrical Section attached to the Commissariat of People's Education is at work now on a plan of establishing a whole system of theatrical schools in Russia (these schools already function throughout Soviet Russia. Translator's note.) Dramatic schools (State and private) are divided into lower and secondary schools. In the lower grade is taught the technique of dramatic art: diction and gesture. In the secondary schools the pupils receive instruction at the "studios" of individual teachers, The main object is to develop the individual capacities of each student. These schools also teach genera! science with the aid of lectures and laboratory. research. A Theatrical Academy will be at the head of this chain of schools where art will be taught chiefly from a theoretical standpoint.

The Theatrical Section at the Commissariat of Education has established instructors' courses where stagecraft will be taught.

The object being to interest new forces and talents in creative


text:
Author:Nathaniel Mason Pawlett

Works

 * A Guide to the Preparation of County Road Histories (1979)

title: Author:Nathaniel Mason Pawlett


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Page:Education and Art in Soviet Russia (1919).djvu/70

 craftsmanship, the instructors' courses will train specialists on stagecraft: stage managers, scenic artists, property men, mechanics and electricians.

The two-months' course of instruction will include not only lectures on art and technique but also handling of practical problems closely connected with them. The studies will be conducted at the premises of the Theatrical Section and at the Communal and State theatres and studios. Studies and instruction are under the direction of the following persons:

V. E. Meirhold, stagecraft science; M. P. Zandin (scenic decorator of the Maryinsky Theatre), scenic decoration; S. A. Yevsejev (director of properties shops of the Maryinsky Theatre), properties studios; F. P. Graff (technical director of the Maryinsky Theatre), stage technique; F. M. Paschuk, master-electrician in charge of electrical work.

No fees are charged for the lecture course and instruction.

Many shops, factories and plants in Moscow give their own performances. These performances, though of an amateur character, are a source of inspiration to the workers of local factories who are the actors at these performances.

Especially successful were performances at the Einem Chocolate factory.

Performances have also been given at Zindel's shops, Prokhorov's Dry Goods, etc. At the latter even dramatic art courses have been opened for workers wishing to receive dramatic education.—A news item in a Moscow paper.

In addition to much that is found, on this subject, in Document No. 20 (page 0048 [sic]), we present here two Documents (No. 31 and No. 32) illustrative of the manner in which musical study and musical creation are stimulated in Soviet Russia.


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The section for the promotion of proletarian culture—The Proletariat—has announced a competitive examination for a text and music of a "new and original revolutionary proletarian hymn."

Document No. 33 presents an enormous program destined to familiarize the entire Russian people with the literary works of the past, while Document No. 34 shows that the Soviet Government is also seeking, in more modest ways, to keep the names of the nation's great constantly in the minds of the inhabitants.

On December 13th, 1917, at the session of the Literary Publication Board a committee was named to draft a decree order-


text:
Author:Earl Wayland Bowman

Works

 * The Ramblin' Kid (1920)
 * Solemn Johnson Plus (1928)
 * Arrowrock (1931)
 * Arrowrock (1931)

title: Author:Earl Wayland Bowman


text:
Author talk:Earl Wayland Bowman

Details
https://archiveswest.orbiscascade.org/ark:80444/xv71615

https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0101312/?ref_=tt_ov_wr -- Beardo (talk) 01:15, 29 November 2023 (UTC)

title: Author talk:Earl Wayland Bowman


text:
Page:Tales from the German - Oxenford.djvu/11

object of the translators of the following tales was to present the English public with a collection, which should combine effectiveness with variety, and at the same time should contain specimens of the most celebrated writers of prose fiction whom Germany has produced. The names of the authors will, they think, be a sufficient guarantee that they have not failed in this last respect, and if the reader finds himself amused or interested by the series, they will have succeeded entirely.

It will be remembered that the collection is a collection of tales only, and that it was absolutely necessary, according to the plan of the book, that these tales should be numerous. Any thing like a lengthened novel was therefore excluded, as it would have exceeded the prescribed limits, or rendered impossible that variety which the translators considered an essential of their work. That short tales, from their very nature, cannot often promote any very high purpose, and that amusement for a leisure hour is their principal purpose, the translators are perfectly aware, admitting that their collection, generally speaking, does not convey that amount of instruction in life and thought, which might be obtained from more elaborate works, such as, for example, the Wilhelm Meister of Göthe. At the same time they trust that Kleist's Michael Kohlhaas, Zschokke's Alamontade, Schiller's Criminal from Lost Honour, and even Hauff's fanciful Cold Heart, will be acceptable to those who look for something beyond mere amusement, and that some readers will be found to appreciate the psychological truth and profundity of Hoffmann's tales beneath their fantastic exterior.

In their versions of the tales the translators have endeavoured, to the utmost of their power, to be correct, preferring even hardness of language to liberties with the original text. The initials in the table of contents will show who was the translator of each particular tale;


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 ing the establishment of a Technical Board to take charge of state printing shops, including all those printing shops which had been nationalized after the October revolution. This committee was composed of representatives from the Literary Publication Board, from the Commissariat of Interior Printers' Trade Union and a committee of workers employed in state printing shops.

In February, 1918, owing to energetic activity of the Soviet and representatives of the printing trades, publishing business on a large scale was made possible. The State Commission on Education made up a list of Russian novelists, men, poets and critics whose works were declared a state monopoly for 5 years. This list includes names of over 50 Russian classics such as: Soloviev, M. Bakunin, V. Belinski, V. Garshin, A. Hertzen, N. Gogol, F. Dostoyevsky, A. Koltzov, M. Lermontov, Nekrasov, A. Pushkin, L. Tolstoi, I. Turgenev, A. Tchechov, and others.

July 4th, at Moscow, there was established a committee on Literature and Art. Among its members are the writer V. Bruisov and V. Grabar, the painter.

A committee was also formed to publish popular scientific books. This committee has two sections—political economy and natural science. The latter includes: Professors K. A. Timiriazov, A. K. Timiriazof, A. Michailov, Wolf, P. Walden, and others.

A number of brochures (original and translations) have been already published by the committee, the subjects being: astronomy, physics, meteorology, botany, pedagogy. As regards the publication of text-books the State Commission already, on Dec. 4th, 1917, created a special commission to take charge of the work,

A semi-annual appropriation of 12 million rubles has been granted to the Literary Publication Board. The appropriation for the second half year may reach 20 millions.

At the Commissariat of Education, at the initiative of Lenin, a plan for employing memorial plates for propaganda purposes is being worked out at present. A selection of citations and slogans illustrating the moment will be made. These citations


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Page:Education and Art in Soviet Russia (1919).djvu/73

 will be engraved on stone or bronze plates and placed on the main thoroughfares of the cities. The best artists will be entrusted with the execution of the work. The unveiling of each of these memorial plates will be made a celebration with speeches, the text of the particular citation forming the theme. A musical program will also be a feature at these occasions.

It has also been decided to erect at convenient points of the capitals monuments to great personages distinguished in the Russian and world revolutions. These monuments are proposed to be made not of everlasting bronze or marble, but rather to take the form of plaster and terra-cotta statues for propaganda purposes. At the base of each statue will be placed a stone-slab with a short biography of and quotations from its subject.

The statues will be unveiled on Sundays and will be accompanied by speeches bearing on the significance of the individual in question, reading of selected passages from his works and a musical program. The same evening at one of the main city theatres will be given either a performance or a concert in honor of the person celebrated.

As a beginning it is proposed to erect statues of Radischey, Ryliev, Pestel, Belinsky, Dobroluibov, Tchernyshevsky and Nekrasov.

Mr. Sherwood, sculptor, will direct the work.


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 but it must not be supposed that they worked so separately that the printer and the binder have alone connected the results of their labours. Every tale when finished by the translator was carefully revised by his colleague. In those instances alone have the translators deviated from the original, where they found passages and phrases that they conceived would not accord with English notions of propriety. That in such instances they have softened or omitted, needs no apology.

It has been suggested to the translators that a notice of the authors and the works themselves might, with advantage, be prefixed to the collection. With this suggestion they have complied, trusting that the limited space allowed will be a sufficient excuse for the very sketchy nature of the biographies, if indeed the following notices are worthy of that name.

Göthe and Schiller have attained that universal celebrity, that it would be mere impertinence to say any thing about their lives in a sketch like this. Those eminent promoters of German literature in this country, Mr. T. Carlyle and Sir E. B. Lytton, have done all they could to make the English public familiar with the life of Schiller, and a tolerably full notice of his literary progress will be found in No. LX. of the Foreign Quarterly Review. Those who can read German are recommended to the elaborate life of Schiller by Dr. Hoffineister, which is a perfect treasury of information and criticism. The materials for a biography of Gothe lie scattered through a vast quantity of correspondence, reminiscences, conversations, and characteristics; but a biography, such as the greatness of the subject requires, is still a desideratum in German literature.

The New Paris, by Göthe, which appears in this collection, is from that delightful autobiography, to which the poet has given the name of Dichtung und Wahrheit. The circumtances under which it is told are sufficiently explained by the short introduction prefixed to it. Schiller's Criminal from Lost Honour was written during what is called the "second period" of his life, when after the completion of Don Carlos he had quitted dramatic writing for a time, and devoted himself to the study of philosophy and history. The facts of the story he had learned from his friend Abel at an early period. Hoffmeister's remarks on this story may be found interesting.

"This misguided man, Wolf," says Hoffmeister, "appears as a mournful sacrifice to the law, which, from this example, should learn


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Page:A description of Greenland.djvu/33

Rh

undoubted, that the Ancients, not o much driven by any Neceity or Compulion, as led by a natural and inbred Curioity are fallen upon many trange Ventures; as for intance, to dicover and ettle Colonies in o many formerly quite unknown and uninhabited Countries; to whoe Dicovery what particular Accidents have mot contributed, we learn by the everal Hitories and Decriptions thereof. For the Almighty and good God, who has not in vain created the vat Globe of the Earth, has alo not intended, that any Rh

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Page:A description of Greenland.djvu/34

8 Part or Province of it hould lie buried in eternal Oblivion, ueles to Mankind. And that Greenland by uch means has been dicovered and inhabited by our old Norwegians and Icelanders, we are fully informed of, by the Annals of Iceland; where we read, that the brave and valiant Erick Raude (or Red) who was the firt Dicoverer of this Country, after he in Company with everal other Icelanders, in the Year of our Lord 982. by meer Cauality fell in with the Land, and had taken a Survey of its preent State, he returned to Iceland the next Year 983; poke much in Commendation of the Land, calling it the Greenland, by which he peruaded many of his Countrymen to follow him thither, in order to find out Places fit for dwelling, and to ettle there. They no ooner

2

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Page:Richard III (1927) Yale.djvu/117

Richard the Third, IV. iv

Young York he is but boot, because both they

Match'd not the high perfection of my loss:

Thy Clarence he is dead that stabb'd my Edward;

And the beholders of this frantic play,

Th' adulterate Hastings, Rivers, Vaughan, Grey,

Untimely smother'd in their dusky graves.

Richard yet lives, hell's black intelligencer,

Only reserv'd their factor, to buy souls

And send them thither; but at hand, at hand,

Ensues his piteous and unpitied end:

Earth gapes, hell burns, fiends roar, saints pray,

To have him suddenly convey'd from hence.

Cancel his bond of life, dear God! I pray,

That I may live and say, The dog is dead.

Q. Eliz. O! thou didst prophesy the time would come

That I should wish for thee to help me curse

That bottled spider, that foul bunchback'd toad.

Q. Mar. I call'd thee then vain flourish of my fortune;

I call'd thee then poor shadow, painted queen;

The presentation of but what I was;

The flattering index of a direful pageant;

One heav'd a-high to be hurl'd down below;

A mother only mock'd with two fair babes;

A dream of what thou wast, a garish flag

To be the aim of every dangerous shot;

A sign of dignity, a breath, a bubble,

A queen in jest, only to fill the scene.

Where is thy husband now? where be thy brothers?

Where be thy two sons? wherein dost thou joy?

Who sues and kneels and says, 'God save the queen'?

 65 boot: something given in addition, to make up a deficiency of value

69 adulterate: adulterous

71 intelligencer: secret agent, spy

72 their: refers to hell

84 presentation: semblance

85 index pageant: cf. n.

88–90 Cf. n.

88 garish: gaudy

title: Page:Richard III (1927) Yale.djvu/117


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Page:A description of Greenland.djvu/35

Rh ooner were arrived and ettled here, but they found God was come along with them; I mean the aving Knowledge of his mot holy Word. For the aid Erick Raude his Son, called Leif, after he had been intructed in the Gopel Truths by King Olaf (who was the firt Chritian King of Norway) brought along with him from Norway to Greenland a Priet, who taught and chritened all the Inhabitants of the Country. Thus this Country has firt been ettled by Norway and Iceland Colonies, which in have increaed and been provided with many Churches and Convents, Bihops and Teachers; which lated as long as the Correpondence and Navigation continued between them and Norway, until the Year 1406, when the lat Bihop was ent over to Greenland. Yet the Norwegians were not the original Natives of the Land; for, not long after their Arrival, they met with the old Inhabitants, a avage People dwell- ing

title: Page:A description of Greenland.djvu/35


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Page:Richard III (1927) Yale.djvu/118

104

Where be the bending peers that flatter'd thee?

Where be the thronging troops that follow'd thee?

Decline all this, and see what now thou art:

For happy wife, a most distressed widow;

For joyful mother, one that wails the name;

For one being sued to, one that humbly sues;

For queen, a very caitiff crown'd with care;

For she that scorn'd at me, now scorn'd of me;

For she being fear'd of all, now fearing one;

For she commanding all, obey'd of none.

Thus hath the course of justice whirl'd about,

And left thee but a very prey to time;

Having no more but thought of what thou wast,

To torture thee the more, being what thou art.

Thou didst usurp my place, and dost thou not

Usurp the just proportion of my sorrow?

Now thy proud neck bears half my burthen'd yoke,

From which even here I slip my wearied head,

And leave the burthen of it all on thee.

Farewell, York's wife, and queen of sad mischance:

These English woes shall make me smile in France.

Q. Eliz. O thou, well skill'd in curses, stay awhile,

And teach me how to curse mine enemies.

Q. Mar. Forbear to sleep the night, and fast the day;

Compare dead happiness with living woe;

Think that thy babes were sweeter than they were,

And he that slew them fouler than he is:

Bettering thy loss makes the bad causer worse:

Revolving this will teach thee how to curse.

Q. Eliz. My words are dull; O! quicken them with thine!

 97 Decline: go through formally

101 caitiff: wretch (literally, captive)

105 Cf. n.

118 the: during the

122 Bettering: magnifying

123 Revolving: thinking over

124 quicken: enliven

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Page:A description of Greenland.djvu/36

10 ing on the Wetern Shore, originally decended from the Americans; as may with great Probability be gathered from the Agreement of their Perons, Cutoms and Habits with thoe who dwell to the North of Hudons Bay; as likewie while thoe, that inhabited the Northern Parts (now going by the Name of Daviss Straits) advanced nearer and nearer to the South, and often made War upon the Norwegians. Concerning the Caue of the Ruin and total Detruction of that o well etablished Norwegian Colony, there is nothing found upon Record; the Reaon of which I think to be, that after all Correpondence and Navigation ceaed between Greenland and Norway, partly by the Change and Tranlation of the Government in Queen Margaret's Reign; and partly by the next following continual Wars between the Danes and Swedes, which caued the Navigation to thoe Parts to be laid aide, and chiefly by the great Difficulty and innumerable Dangers of uch Navigation, which everal Caues cut off all Intelligences, that might be

title: Page:A description of Greenland.djvu/36


text:
Module:ISO 639/sandbox

require('strict')

local p = {}

local getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs local warn = require('Module:Warning')

local languageNameOverrides = mw.loadData('Module:ISO 639/overrides')

--[=[ Get the language name, in English, for a given ISO 639 (-1, -2 or -3) code

Returns nil if the language is not in the lookup tables. ]=] function p.language_name(code, failValue) -- Only continue if we get passed a non-empty string for the code param if code == nil or code == '' then warn('No ISO code provided to Module:ISO 639') return failValue elseif type(code) ~= 'string' then warn('ISO code \"' .. tostring(code) .. '\" is not a string') return failValue end -- If we have a local override, apply it	local language = languageNameOverrides[code] -- Otherwise, ask MediaWiki for the language name in English for this code if language == nil or language == '' then language = mw.language.fetchLanguageName(code, 'en') end -- If we got no name from MediaWiki and have no override for this code, -- load the big honkin' local lookup table and check there. if language == nil or language == '' then local localLanguageNames = mw.loadData('Module:ISO 639/local') language = localLanguageNames[code] end -- If we found a non-empty lang name we return it. if language ~= nil and language ~= '' then return language end -- otherwise we return the failure value warn('ISO code \"' .. code .. '\" not recognized by Module:ISO 639') return failValue end

--[=[ Implements Template:ISO 639 name ]=]

function p.ISO_639_name(frame) local args = getArgs(frame) return p.language_name(args[1] or args.code, '') end

return p

title: Module:ISO 639/sandbox


text: Page:The Dial (Volume 68).djvu/669

title: Page:The Dial (Volume 68).djvu/669


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Page:The Dial (Volume 68).djvu/670

578

title: Page:The Dial (Volume 68).djvu/670


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Rh

title: Page:The Dial (Volume 68).djvu/671


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Page:A description of Greenland.djvu/37

Rh be had of that Country's State, as may be een in Pontanus and Claudius Lycander.

The ancient Hitorians divide Greenland into two Parts or Ditricts, called Wet Bygd, and Eat Bygd. As to the Wet Ditrict, which is aid to have contained four Parihes, and 100 Villages, all we find in the ancient Hitories, amounts to this, viz. That in the 14th Century it was orely infeted by a wild Nation called Schrellings, and laid o wate, that when the Inhabitants of the Eatern Ditrict came to the Aitance of the Chritians, and to expel the barbarous Nation of the Schrellings, who were fallen upon the Chritians, they found to their great Atonihment the Province quite emptied of its Inhabitants, and nothing remaining but ome Cattle and Flocks of Sheep, traying wild and unguarded round about the Fields and Meadows; whereof they killed a good Number, which they brought home with them in their Ships. By which it appears, that the Norway Chritians in the Wetern Ditrict were

title: Page:A description of Greenland.djvu/37


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Page:The Dial (Volume 68).djvu/672

580

title: Page:The Dial (Volume 68).djvu/672


text:
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Rh

spring omnipotent goddess Thou dost stuff parks with overgrown pimply chevaliers and gumchewing giggly

damosels Thou dost persuade to serenade his lady the musical tom-cat Thou dost inveigle

into crossing sidewalks the unwary june-bug and the frivolous angleworm Thou dost hang canary birds in parlour windows

Spring slattern of seasons you have soggy legs and a muddy petticoat drowsy

is your hair your eyes are sticky with dream and you have a sloppy body from

being brought to bed of crocuses when you sing in your whisky voice the grass rises on the head of the earth and all the trees are put on edge

spring of the excellent jostle of thy hips and the superior

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text:
Page:The Dial (Volume 68).djvu/674

582 slobber of your breasts i am so very fond that my soul inside of me hollers for thou comest

and your hands are the snow and thy fingers are the rain and your feet O your feet

freakish feet feet incorrigible

ragging the world

title: Page:The Dial (Volume 68).djvu/674


text: Page:The Dial (Volume 68).djvu/423

title: Page:The Dial (Volume 68).djvu/423


text:
Wikisource:WikiProject Film/Drafts/Archives/The Beloved Rogue

User: PseudoSkull

File: The Beloved Rogue.webm

Author: Alan Crosland

Publisher: United Artists

Year: 1927

PD: PD/US|1961

Note:

Cat: Adventure film, Biographical film, Drama film, Films with historical settings

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360

Blue veins
 * of morning glories—

blue veins
 * of clouds—

blue veins
 * bring deep-toned silence
 * after a storm.

White horns
 * of morning glories—

white flutes
 * of clouds—

sextettes hold silence fast,
 * cup it for aye.

title: Page:The Dial (Volume 68).djvu/424


text:
Page:Max Havelaar Or The Coffee Sales of the Netherlands Trading Company Siebenhaar.djvu/304

 I hold that I am responsible for the contentions I advanced only in so far as it may please you to agree to my proposal concerning the  of the inquiry, i.e.: impartial, open, and above all,.

“This free character does exist until the Regent shall have been removed, and in my modest opinion there is nothing dangerous in his removal. Can he not be told that it is who charge and suspect, that it is, and not , who incur risk if he is proved innocent? For I myself am of the opinion that, if it should be shown that I have acted rashly, or only precipitately even, I ought to be dismissed from the service.

“Precipitate! After, of abuse!

“Precipitate! As though an honest man would be able to sleep, to live, to enjoy, as long as they over whose well-being he is called to watch, they who in the highest sense are his, are continually robbed and exploited!

“It is true, I have only been here a short time, but I trust that some day the question will be one has done, and whether one has done it, not whether one has done it in.

“To me every period of time is too long when it is marked by extortion and oppression, and to me every second would weigh heavy which, owing to neglect, to  dereliction of duty, to  spirit of compromise, would have been spent in misery by others.

“I even now regret the days I have allowed to pass without reporting officially, and I ask to be pardoned for that neglect.

“I take the liberty to request that I may be given the opportunity of justifying this letter, and protected against the failure of my efforts to free the division of Lebak from the worms that since the memory of man have gnawed at its welfare.

“It is for this reason that I again presume to ask you kindly to approve my actions in this matter—which, to be sure, have only consisted in, and —that you will remove the Regent of Lebak from here without previous  or


text:
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Rh Could I
 * blow morning glories—-

could I
 * lip clouds—

I'd sound the silence
 * her hands bring to me.

Had I
 * the yester sun—

had I
 * the morrow's—

brush them like cymbals,
 * I'd then sound the noise.

title: Page:The Dial (Volume 68).djvu/425


text:
Page:A description of Greenland.djvu/38

12 were detroyed, and Chritianity rooted out by the Savage Heathens. The modern Inhabitants of Wet Greenland, being (no doubt) the Offspring of the wild and barbarous Schrellings, have no certain Account to give us of this Matter; though they will tell you, that the old decayed dwelling Places and Villages, whoe Ruins are yet een, were inhabited formerly by a Nation quite different from theirs; and they alo affirm, what the ancient Hitories tell us, that their Ancetors made War with them, and detyoyed them. Now

title: Page:A description of Greenland.djvu/38


text:
Page:Max Havelaar Or The Coffee Sales of the Netherlands Trading Company Siebenhaar.djvu/305

 warning, and that further you will order an inquiry to be held as to the facts I communicated to you in my letter of yesterday, No. 88.

This request was received by the Resident on the way. An hour after his arrival at Rangkas-Betoong he paid a short visit to the Regent, and asked him on this occasion what he could allege against the Assistant-Resident, and whether, the Adhipatti, was in want of money! To the first question the Regent replied: “Nothing, I swear!” To the second question he replied in the affirmative, whereupon the Resident gave him a couple of banknotes which he—having brought them for the purpose!—took out of his waistcoat pocket. It will be understood that all this happened unknown to Havelaar, and presently we shall be shown how he became aware of this disgraceful action.

When Resident Slimering alighted at Havelaar’s house, he was paler than usual, and his words were farther than ever parted from one another. And indeed it was no trifling ordeal for one who so greatly excelled in “manœuvring” and in annual peace-reports, to have suddenly to receive letters in which there was not a trace, either of the customary official optimism, or of artistic twisting of the matter, or of the fear of making the Government dissatisfied by being “embarrassed” by unfavourable tidings. The Resident of Bantam had had a fright, and if I may be pardoned the ignobility of the figure of speech for the sake of exactness, I am inclined to compare him to a street-arab who complains of the violation of pre-ancestral customs, because an eccentric companion has hit him without preliminary invectives.

He began by asking the Controller why he had not tried to turn Havelaar from making his charge. Poor Verbrugge, who knew nothing whatever about the charge, protested to that effect, but found no credence. Mr. Slimering could not at all understand that


text:
Page:The Dial (Volume 68).djvu/426

R. PHILIP LITTELL'S Books and Things is a surprise. We did not know that he was writing, thought of writing, or could write a book. It may be suspected that he did not know it himself, that the extempore freshness and casual opportunism of these essays as they appeared in the New Republic were the result of the irresponsibility which is the charm and the reward of the ephemeral. But if so, Mr. Littell was practising an art of which he was unconscious. No one who has merely read the New Republic since its advent has read Books and Things.

Mr. Littell's selection includes essays political, social, literary, and a few on the war, but it would be wrong to insist on this or any classification. For it is the essence of the book which Mr. Littell has made that the same attitude and spirit characterize them all. That spirit Mr. Waldo Frank has stated with usual bluntness in Our America:

"Philip Littell is enamoured of the seclusiveness of art. He comes by his love, of an old tradition. Bravely he seeks to carry it into the present. He ventures forth into the modern havoc and makes his Quiet there."

Just so. The tradition by virtue of which Mr. Littell is admitted to be "enamoured" is that in which he grew up and achieved his intellectual competency, the tradition of the last decade of the last century. Lately someone saw his name in a printed list with the number go after it, and wondered whether the figure represented his actual age or, more delightfully, his "expectancy." It appeared that the list was not one of beneficiaries of life insurance but of recent distinguished graduates of Harvard University; the go happily marks Mr. Littell's accomplished beginning, not his remote end. It is his answer to the question:

title: Page:The Dial (Volume 68).djvu/426


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Page:Richard III (1927) Yale.djvu/119

Richard the Third, IV. iv

Q. Mar. Thy woes will make them sharp, and pierce like mine.

Exit Margaret.

Duch. Why should calamity be full of words?

Q. Eliz. Windy attorneys to their clients' woes,

Airy succeeders of intestate joys,

Poor breathing orators of miseries!

Let them have scope: though what they will impart

Help nothing else, yet do they ease the heart.

Duch. If so, then be not tongue-tied: go with me,

And in the breath of bitter words let's smother

My damned son, that thy two sweet sons smother'd.

The trumpet sounds: be copious in exclaims.

K. Rich. Who intercepts me in my expedition?

Duch. O! she that might have intercepted thee,

By strangling thee in her accursed womb,

From all the slaughters, wretch, that thou hast done!

Q. Eliz. Hid'st thou that forehead with a golden crown,

Where should be branded, if that right were right,

The slaughter of the prince that ow'd that crown,

And the dire death of my poor sons and brothers?

Tell me, thou villain slave, where are my children?

Duch. Thou toad, thou toad, where is thy brother Clarence

And little Ned Plantagenet, his son?

Q. Eliz. Where is the gentle Rivers, Vaughan, Grey?

Duch. Where is kind Hastings?

K. Rich. A flourish, trumpets! strike alarum, drums!

Let not the heavens hear these tell-tale women

 128 intestate: literally, not having made a will; cf. n.

131 Help else: is of no avail otherwise

142 ow'd: owned

148 Cf. n.

title: Page:Richard III (1927) Yale.djvu/119


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Page:The Dial (Volume 68).djvu/919

Rh ments as he painted and felt a simple desire to stroke his brown arms and close-cropped head.

Mr. Watson must have felt that his readers might carry his analogies between nature and man past his meaning, for in the course of a conversation between Tom and Susan, Tom, after comparing people to trees, adds, "Don't press the simile too far."

"It would be convenient to know one's own variety," Susan muses, and Tom repeats, "Yes, but don't press the simile. It may lead to false and absurd conclusions."

Mr. Watson himself does not press any of his similes. He makes Tom a very live human being, though, after all, this is the book of Susan, and Tom is an accessory. Gradually you see the working of the one law which Mr. Watson thinks is consistent for tree and man and beast. He shows you people shedding the artificialities of civilization, not the beauties of life, and living at last without any warping of their own natures, so simply that "sin" becomes only a figment of that unreal world that bred false motives. You may not care for the results as he depicts them in the lives of his people. Indeed he is not quite so successful in Deliverence as in the first two books, but at least you can see the simplification of their problems. As artificial standards drop away, Susan, Tom, and even Paul Zalesky, that uneasy, warped egoist, grow as naturally towards happiness as do any of the creatures and plants created before the sixth day.

Susan's trial by fire reaches its crisis when Tom fails her. She cannot see her way through, but all her past training fights for her, and at last she wins past suffering to her own deliverance. She is ready now for life. Tom, who did not know his luck, is distanced and left to work his way out of a new difficulty. Susan goes on without him, and we leave her at last, sure that she will be greater than anything that can happen to her. We are equally sure that something fit for her new vitality will come. The book will have a sequel, whether through Mr. Watson's pen or in the reader's imagination, assisted by some foreshadowings in the present story.

It would be a mistake to stop here and leave the impression that these characters are only incidentally strung upon a theory. Mr. Watson is merely an ethnologist who draws comparisons. His people are enough to walk out of the book. They have time to talk despair of painting good pictures, and to remember

title: Page:The Dial (Volume 68).djvu/919


text: Template:Lalis/doc

title: Template:Lalis/doc


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106

Rail on the Lord's anointed. Strike, I say!

Either be patient, and entreat me fair,

Or with the clamorous report of war

Thus will I drown your exclamations.

Duch. Art thou my son?

K. Rich. Ay; I thank God, my father, and yourself.

Duch. Then patiently hear my impatience.

K. Rich. Madam, I have a touch of your condition,

That cannot brook the accent of reproof.

Duch. O, let me speak!

K. Rich. Do, then; but I'll not hear.

Duch. I will be mild and gentle in my words.

K. Rich. And brief, good mother; for I am in haste.

Duch. Art thou so hasty? I have stay'd for thee,

God knows, in torment and in agony.

K. Rich. And came I not at last to comfort you?

Duch. No, by the holy rood, thou know'st it well,

Thou cam'st on earth to make the earth my hell.

A grievous burthen was thy birth to me;

Tetchy and wayward was thy infancy;

Thy school-days frightful, desperate, wild and furious;

Thy prime of manhood daring, bold, and venturous;

Thy age confirm'd, proud, subtle, sly, and bloody,

More mild, but yet more harmful, kind in hatred.

What comfortable hour canst thou name

That ever grac'd me with thy company?

K. Rich. Faith, none, but Humphrey Hour, that call'd your Grace

 152 entreat me fair: use me well

158 condition: temperament

163 stay'd: waited

169 Tetchy: fretful, peevish

171 prime of: early

173 kind in hatred: i.e. hating while pretending kindness

176 Humphrey Hour; cf. n.

title: Page:Richard III (1927) Yale.djvu/120


text:
Module:Lalis/doc

Logic for Lalis.

title: Module:Lalis/doc


text:
Module:Lalis/sandbox

require('strict')

local p = {}

local getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs local lalisabr = require('Module:Lalisabr')._abbreviation local lalislink = require('Module:Lalislink')._link

function p.lalis_format(frame) local args = getArgs(frame) local wikitext = args[1] or "" local abr = mw.loadData('Module:Lalisabr/data') local keys = {} for index, value in ipairs(abr) do		keys[index] = value[1] end table.sort(keys, function (a, b) return #a > #b end) for index, key in ipairs(keys) do local k = "([ %(])" .. mw.ustring.gsub(key, "%.", "%%.")		wikitext = mw.ustring.gsub(wikitext, k, "%1" .. lalisabr({key}))	end	wikitext = "\n" .. wikitext	wikitext = mw.ustring.gsub(wikitext, "!!", "‖")	local multicol_break = frame:expandTemplate {title = "multicol-break", args = {}}	wikitext = mw.ustring.gsub(wikitext, "%-%-%-%-", multicol_break)	wikitext = mw.ustring.gsub(wikitext, "\n[^\n]*wst%-rule[^\n]*\n", "\n" .. multicol_break .. "\n")	wikitext = mw.ustring.gsub(wikitext, "%<<(.-)%>>", lalislink("%1"))	local function nowrap(text)		return frame:expandTemplate {title = "nowrap", args = {text}}	end	wikitext = mw.ustring.gsub(wikitext, "%(%-(%a+), %-(%a+), %-(%a+)%)", "(" .. nowrap("-%1") .. ", " .. nowrap("-%2") .. ", " .. nowrap("-%3") .. ")")	wikitext = mw.ustring.gsub(wikitext, " ([-–])(%a+)", " '''" .. nowrap("%1%2") .. "")	wikitext = mw.ustring.gsub(wikitext, "\n(%u%a-) %(", "\n<%1> (")	wikitext = mw.ustring.gsub(wikitext, "\n(%u[^\n]-),", "\n<%1>,")	local function anchor(text)		return frame:expandTemplate {title = "anchor+", args = {text}}	end	wikitext = mw.ustring.gsub(wikitext, "%<(%u.-)%>, %-(%a+)", "" .. anchor("%1") .. ", -%2")	wikitext = mw.ustring.gsub(wikitext, "%<(%u.-)%>", "" .. anchor("%1") .. "'''")	wikitext = mw.ustring.sub(wikitext, 2)	return frame:preprocess(wikitext) end

return p

title: Module:Lalis/sandbox


text:
Page:The Dial (Volume 68).djvu/920

298 Norbert's cry against artists, "We'll be the thing they look at. Let Rubens there paint us!" There is a sureness of psychology about all that Mr. Watson has written, and he has a keen eye for the accessories of life. He has, though he seldom uses it, a humour that grows out of situation and has little to do with words. He has—his own words tell it best—"that leanness and alertness of mind that come from sharp criticism." Then his love for nature with which he endows Susan is a solace for most ills. His pictures of wintry woods, the downs in early spring, and of Susan's glee in escaping into the first flood of August rain after a drouth, are poetic and satisfying.

And if he had nothing else, he would be sure to win recognition for the sheer beauty of his workmanship. It is hard to see how his first two books managed to fall upon the world so silently, except that in nineteen-seventeen and eighteen, when they were published, the world's interest was concentrated on the Hindenburg line. But Mr. Watson has as easy a mastery of technique as though he were Heifetz playing the violin. You forget technique in the effect of it. There is abundant detail in his three books, not one stroke of it insignificant. Construction becomes simply natural growth. Preparation, suspense, action, and result, all are unhurried, inevitable, woven but never tangled by any influence of character or the seasons. His diction is the outgrowth of the story he has to tell. Here is none of that massing of words, each groping a little way towards the meaning, tossed together to let you draw a gradual sense from the heap. No Jean Christophe here! There is an inspiration of phrase that is like the lion's easy drop of padded paws as he melts into the forest with a graceful, unconscious sureness.

Indeed it is easier to quarrel with some of the natural results of his process of spiritual emancipation than with his illustrations of it in characters, or with his manner of setting it forth. There is no doubt that life in its final reductions is ruthless and often disconcerting. But this man is too big to fit into any pattern. He took a running leap into first rank with Where Bonds Are Loosed, held his record and bettered it in The Mainland. We miss their largeness of movement, their sweep and tropical colour in Deliverance, but the charm of Susan, and of winter and spring at Swaystead, are unforgettable.

title: Page:The Dial (Volume 68).djvu/920


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Page:Trade Unions in Soviet Russia - I.L.P. (1920).djvu/59

—First of all permit me to greet the Third All-Russian Trade Union Congress on behalf of the Council of People's Commissaries. Comrades! The Soviet Government is at the present moment passing through a period of the utmost gravity in many respects; a period which places before us interesting and complex problems, and which lays particular tasks and particular responsibility upon the Trade Unions in the work of constructive socialism. For this reason I would much rather deal, not with particular decisions of the recent party congress but with those changes in the conditions of Soviet policy which link together the problems of social construction with the activity of the Trade Unions.

Comrades, the distinguishing feature, of the present moment is the transition from problems of a military nature to those of peaceful economic construction, the former of which had up to the present time absorbed all the attention and activity of the Soviet Government. It must be pointed out here that this is not the first time that the Soviet Government and the Soviet Republic are passing through such an important phase. It is the second time that we are returning to conditions which render the task of peaceful construction one of first importance. The first time in the history of the Soviet Republic was in the beginning of 1918; at that time, after a short but powerful attack by German imperialism, when the old capitalist army had completely collapsed and when the conditions were such that we neither had nor were able in a short time to create an army, the Brest peace was forced upon us by German imperialist rapacity. Then in the beginning of 1918 it seemed as if military problems had become a thing of secondary importance and we were in a position to devote ourselves to problems of peaceful construction.


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Page:The Dial (Volume 68).djvu/801

Rh have the little sense I think you have, you will move your soap-box a bit to the side and let the trolley cars go past."

"No! I won't!"

"Just listen to reason, a minute, Ivan. If the trolley cars can't go, then no wagons will be broken and I shall have no repairing to do and my wife and children will have nothing to eat. Come now, be a good man, move your box and allow the wagons to be broken."

"No, I won't!"

"Listen to me, Ivan. To-morrow I must go to the cemetery and it will cost me three rubles for a horse and wagon and I shall have to feed the horse besides, all because the trolley can't go. And why can't it go? Because my best friend sits on its tracks. Move your soap-box over a little and let me trolley to the cemetery to-morrow."

"No, I won't!"

Nothing helped. Ivan continued to sit like a bearded Buddha with his cap on one side of the box and a piece of bread tied in a handkerchief on the other. Evening came on and the cars were backed into the barn. Ivan stretched over the tracks, covered himself with his coat, put his head in the box, and went to sleep.

In the morning he found many pennies and other coins in his hat, but he threw these to the children, who were indeed happy at the sight of a man camping on the tracks.

At ten the three directors of the Community Car Service held a meeting, after which they approached Ivan. Said the secretary:

"We, the directors of the Community Car Service, have decided that no man, woman, or child has the right to interfere with the franchise granted us by the community, to run cars through this street for a period of twenty years. Inasmuch as we have been in service only for three years, we come to ask you to wait aside for seventeen years before resuming your obstruction."

"I am not sitting on your franchise," said Ivan, "I am sitting on my own box."

"But your box is setting on our tracks."

"Well, move your tracks," advised Ivan.

"I never thought of that," replied the secretary, as he turned to consult with the other directors.

"If we move the tracks," said one, "what is to prevent him from moving his box?"

title: Page:The Dial (Volume 68).djvu/801


text: Template:Lalisabr/doc

title: Template:Lalisabr/doc


text:
Module:Lalisabr/doc

Logic for Lalisabr.

title: Module:Lalisabr/doc


text:
Page:Trade Unions in Soviet Russia - I.L.P. (1920).djvu/60

I read a paper in the All-Russian Central Executive Committee on the 29th of April, 1918, almost two years ago; the Central Committee accepted a number of proposals in connection, with my report, including proposals in connection with labour discipline; and the whole thing therefore bears a similarity to the present moment. It is most erronous to assert that the decisions of the Communist Party and of the Soviet Government have been arrived at as a result of our present disputes. Such a statement would misrepresent the whole trend of the activity, regulations and attitude of the Communist Party and of the Soviet Government to this problem. In order to gain a proper understanding of the question and to make a proper attempt at its solution, it is extremely advisable to draw a comparison between the state of things prevailing in the beginning of 1918 and that of the present time. At that time, after a short period of war with German Imperialism, we were first faced with problems of peaceful construction. There were prospects of a lengthy period of such construction. The civil war had not yet begun. Krasnoff, making use of the German assistance he obtained in the Ukraine, had just appeared at the Don; the North was clear from attacks and the Soviet Republic held a vast territory, excluding that part of Russia which had been taken away by the Brest peace. The general conditions were such that it was justifiable to count upon a considerable period of peaceful construction. It was under these conditions that the first thing put forward by the Communist Party and emphasised by the All-Russian Central Executive Committee in the form of a resolution passed on the 29th of April, 1918, was the necessity for an agitation to explain the insistent need for labour discipline. It is necessary to realise in this connection that dictatorial power and single man management are not inconsistent with socialist democracy. This must be brought to mind now so that both the decisions arrived at by the Party congress as well as the general problems with which we are faced may be fully understood. This is not merely a solution of the questions which now arise, but is inseparably connected with the conditions of the present phase. Whoever has any doubt upon this subject has only to compare the state of things prevalent two years ago, and it will become obvious; to him that all attention must now of necessity be transferred to labour discipline and to questions connected with the labour army, although at that time, two years ago, this army was not yet in existence. By drawing a comparison between the past and the present aspect of the question we can arrive at a correct conclusion it we disregard details and consider only that which is of general and vital importance.

The whole attention of the communists and of the Soviet Government should be concentrated on the question of peaceful economic construction, on the question of dictatorship and on that of single man management. The experience of the two years of civil war makes the solution of these questions imperative; but they were raised as far back as 1918 when there was no civil war and experience was out of the question.


text:
Module:Lalisabr/data/doc

Supporting module for Module:Lalisabr and Module:Lalis.

title: Module:Lalisabr/data/doc


text: Template:Lalislink/doc

title: Template:Lalislink/doc


text:
Module:Lalislink/doc

Logic for lalislink.

title: Module:Lalislink/doc


text:
Page:Trade Unions in Soviet Russia - I.L.P. (1920).djvu/61

Consequently it is not merely the experience of the Red Army and of the victorious civil war, but something far deeper than that, something connected with the problems of proletarian dictatorship, that is compelling us now, just as it did two years ago, to concentrate all our attention on questions of labour discipline, which is the essence of socialist economic construction and which helps us to understand the nature of proletarian dictatorship. With the overthrow of capitalism, every day of our revolution removed us further from former ideas so much in vogue with the old internationalists who are thoroughly imbued with a petty bourgeois spirit; the belief that, while private property in land, in the means of production and in capital were retained, the decisions of a majority in a democratic institution of bourgeois parliamentarism can really be an effective solution of questions which can in fact only be solved by an acute class struggle. The full significance and actual conditions of proletarian dictatorship became fully apparent to us when governmental power had been acquired and proletarian dictatorship was approached from a practical standpoint. We then learned that the class struggle had not ceased and that the victory over the capitalists and landlords had only defeated these classes but had failed to destroy them completely.

It is sufficient to mention the international relationship of capital, which is much closer and firmer than the relationship which exists between the working classes of the various countries. Capital, considered on an international scale, is both in a military and economic sense stronger than the Soviet Government and the Soviet system. This is the basic principle which has to be laid down. The form of the struggle against Capital constantly changes; at one time it is of an international character, whilst at another it is concentrated in one country. But though the form changes, the struggle continues, and the basic law of class struggle as formulated by preceding revolutions is confirmed by our revolution. The greater the unity of the proletariat which leads to the overthrow of the bourgeois classes, the more practical knowledge is gained by the working class, and the wider is the progress of the revolution in the course of the struggle itself. With the overthrow of capitalism the struggle does not cease, and the fact itself of the overthrow of the capitalist class in one country only becomes of a practical world importance when such overthrow is made absolutely definite. It will be remembered that at the beginning of the October revolution our revolution was looked upon in the light of a curiosity—many a strange happening of no importance occurs in this world.

To make this manifestation one of universal importance an actual coup d'etat was required to take place in some country. It was only then that the capitalists of all countries, who at first hesitated to help the Russian capitalists, became aware that what had happened was of grave universal significance. And it was only then that the resistance of the capitalists on an international scale attained the power which it was able to wield. It was only then that the civil war fully developed in Russia,


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 only then that the victorious countries resolved to render united assistance in this civil war to the Russian landlords and capitalists.

In addition to the natural development of the resistance of the overthrown class, it drew a new source of power from the attitude of the proletariat and the peasantry. All those who have made a study of Marxism, all those whose views of socialism are connected with its relation to the international movement of the working class as the only scientific basis of Marxism, all these know that socialism means the abolition of classes. But what does this mean? It does not stop at overthrowing the capitalists; its next step is to remove the difference between the social position of the workers and the peasants. The peasants who as a class are toilers, who have for scores and hundreds of years been oppressed by the landlord and capitalist class, cannot forget for long that their emancipation from this oppression has been effected by the working class. The endless disputes on this question and the mountains ot paper used in dealing with it, as well as the numerous political groupings to which this led, have ended in the fact that all these differences have paled into insignificance before the actual facts of life.

But on the other hand under the conditions of commodity production the peasants remain owners, property holders; every instance of the sale of bread in the open market, every sack of flour or other food carried from place to place by private traders, every speculative deal means the restitution of commodity production and therefore the restitution of capitalism. The overthrow of capitalism involved and brought about the emancipation of the peasantry, but against this overthrow there was the petty bourgeoisie—in old Russia undoubtedly a large class. The peasantry remain private owners as far as their production is concerned, and are establishing new capitalistic relations. These are the principal features of our economic position, and it is this that gives rise to those absurd speeches emanating from men who fail to understand the real position: speeches on liberty, equality and democracy. We are conducting a class struggle and our aim is to abolish classes; so long as there still exists two classes, those of peasants and workers, socialism cannot be realised, and an irreconcilable struggle goes on incessantly. The chief problem now is how under the conditions when one class is carrying on the struggle, to attract the labouring peasantry, to defeat or to neutralise it or crush its resistance with the aid of a strong; government apparatus involving all the measures of compulsion.

The class struggle is being continued and the significance of proletarian dictatorship appears before us in a new light. Here it appears not only as an application of the means of compulsion through the whole State apparatus, though this of course remains the principal idea of proletarian dictatorship. It is to some extent true that so far we have achieved little on this


text: Template:Lalis/sandbox

title: Template:Lalis/sandbox


text: Template:Lalis/testcases

title: Template:Lalis/testcases


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Page:NZYQ v Minister for Immigration, Citizenship and Multicultural Affairs.pdf/17

Gageler CJ Gordon J Edelman J Steward J Gleeson J Jagot J Beech-Jones J

did not contravene Ch III of the Constitution contained three statements of background principle which have come to be regarded as authoritative.

The first principle was that "any officer of the Commonwealth Executive who purports to authorize or enforce the detention in custody of … an alien [subject to qualification in the case of an enemy alien in a time of war] without judicial mandate will be acting lawfully only to the extent that his or her conduct is justified by valid statutory provision". That was a more specific statement of the fundamental and long-established principle that no person – alien or non-alien – may be detained by the executive absent statutory authority or judicial mandate.

The second principle was that the effect of Ch III is that, exceptional cases aside, "the involuntary detention of a citizen in custody by the State is penal or punitive in character and, under our system of government, exists only as an incident of the exclusively judicial function of adjudging and punishing criminal guilt". That statement of principle reflects that Ch III is concerned with substance and not mere form, and that it is the involuntary deprivation of liberty itself that ordinarily constitutes punishment. It also recognised that it is not sufficient merely that detention be in consequence of an exercise of judicial power; other than in exceptional cases, it is necessary that the detention be in consequence of the performance of the "exclusively judicial function of adjudging and punishing criminal guilt". Although the statement of principle in Lim referred to a "citizen", the principle has been held to apply to an alien albeit that an alien's status, rights


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Page:Trade Unions in Soviet Russia - I.L.P. (1920).djvu/63

 basis; but it should be kept in mind that there is one more task with which the proletarian dictatorship has to deal, and in which the part played by the proletariat js that of an organiser who has been trained by capitalist discipline. We must now organise production on a new higher base and make ourselves masters of all the fruits and conquests of capitalism. This is the condition without which no socialism or communism can be built up. Methods of state compulsion alone will not enable us to attract to our side the labouring peasantry as against the peasant owners. We are faced here with problems of an educational and organising nature, and we must clearly understand why this is a far more difficult problem than the military problem, which was easier of solution. That question lent itself to solution by raising the energy and inspiring the peasantry with a spirit of self-sacrifice. The military problem was an easy one for the peasantry who were out to fight their old enemy—the land owner. There was no need to understand the connection between working class government and the necessity of abolishing free traffic in goods. It was easier to deal with the Russian white guards, landlords and capitalists and all their assistants in the shape of the Mensheviks; but this new victory is harder to achieve. It is not possible to make victories in the sphere of economic production in the same way as on the war arena. Free traffic in goods will not be defeated by enthusiasm and self-sacrifice. What is needed is steady and continuous work, progressing inch by inch; we must use the organising power of the proletariat; victory can be gained; on the field only if the proletariat will put its dictatorship into practice as the greatest organising and moral power of all workers, including even those of the non-proletarian masses. To the extent to which we have successfully solved and will continue successfully to solve the first simpler question—the suppression of the exploiters whose direct attempt is to drive out the Soviet Government—to an equal extent are we faced with the second and more complex problem of how to bring the cause of the proletariat to final victory by establishing it as an organising power.

Labour is to be organised upon a new basis, new forms are to be established to attract to labour discipline all the working elements. This is a problem that capitalism also was attempting to solve for tens of years. Our antagonists include a number of people who show an utter failure to comprehend this question. They called us utopians when we declared that it was possible to acquire power; whilst on the other hand, they demand that we carry out our project of organisation of labour within a few months. That is an absurdity. It is possible to maintain power under conditions of a favourable political period by the enthusiasm of the workers even against the whole world, as we have proved; but to create new forms of social discipline is a different matter—one requiring tens of years. Even capitalism required thirty years to change the old organisation into a new organisation of labour. Therefore when it is expected of us and when it is suggested to the workers and peasants that we


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Page:Trade Unions in Soviet Russia - I.L.P. (1920).djvu/64

 are capable of changing the entire organisation of labour in short time—theoretically it is sheer nonsense, whilst in practice it does the greatest possible harm, preventing the workers from clearly understanding the distinction between the new and the old problems. This new problem is in the first place one of organisation, and in organisation we are weak, far weaker than any other country. Organising ability develops under conditions of big machine industry. There is no other material historical basis.

The interests of the workers and the peasants do not coincide. We are faced with a difficult period. We are also confronted with a moral problem—to prove to the peasantry that there is no alternative—they are either definitely with the workers, assisting the proletariat, or they return to their old condition. There is no middle course; no middle course exists except for the Mensheviks, but their method is in decay, falling to pieces wherever it is used, falling to pieces in Germany. This the peasant masses will not understand from theory and by observing the 2nd and 3rd Internationals. The peasant masses and tens of millions of people can understand it in the practice of every day life. A matter of principle which the peasantry could understand was victory over Kolchak and Denikin. They easily drew a comparison between the power of Denikin and Kolchak and the power used by proletarian dictatorship—although the latter phrase was used to frighten the peasantry and is still being used to that end. The Mensheviks and Socialist Revolutionaries are still trying to frighten the peasantry with proletarian dictatorship. But in fact the peasantry is not and was not able to deal with matters theoretically. The peasant masses witness the facts of their own condition and of our struggle against speculation. It must be recognised that both the white guards as well as the Mensheviks have learned a lesson in propaganda from our Army Political Departments. The peasantry have seen banners upon which was written not proletarian dictatorship but "All power to the Constituent Assembly" and "All power to the government of the people" and so forth, but what they actually learned was that the Soviet Government was best. At the present moment we are confronted with the second problem of proletarian dictatorship moral persuasion; there are no means of forcible persuasion of the peasantry, there can be no question of such means. The solution of the question here is taking place through rupture in the ranks of the peasantry. In the struggle following the overthrow of the capitalists, in the two years' civil war, the workers formed a single body welded into a unity; the very opposite is observed amidst the peasantry; they are undergoing gradual internal disintegration. The peasants cannot possibly forget the landlords and the capitalists they remember but too well what they, the peasants, were at that time. On the other hand, the present peasantry is such that the interests of the various classes of the peasantry diverge widely, with the result that the peasantry is not united. (It is a fact that the state of the food question is not equally satisfactory for every peasant. There is no truth in the talk of freedom and equality). The truth is that the peasants are half workers, half owners.


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The execution of our task requires a unity of will, it requires that in every practical question we act as one man. Unity of will should not only remain a phrase, a symbol; we demand that unity shall become a matter of actual practice. In the war unity of will was expressed by the fact that whenever personal interests, the interests of villages or groups were placed before the common interests, the guilty man was branded for a coward and an egoist and was finally shot; and this execution was morally justified by the conscience of the working class that it must strive for victory. We spoke openly of these executions, we never denied this violence because we were fully aware that we can never free ourselves from the relics of old society without using force against the backward layers of the proletarian masses. And in this was expressed our unity of will. In practice this uniformity was realised in the repression directed against deserters, in every battle and in every crusade when the Communist Party formed the vanguard, setting an example of courage and self-sacrifice. Now we can make an attempt to apply this unity of will to industrial labour and to agriculture when we are in possession of a territory of thousands of miles and of a huge number of factories. You will clearly see that mere force of violence will not do here, you will understand the gigantic task with which we are confronted, you will grasp what unity of will really means. It is not a mere watchword, a fit subject for a pamphlet endorsed with the words "to be voted for." It is necessary to think and to ponder what this word demands from us in our every-day work. As an example take the year 1918; at that time there were no disputes in connection with this question, and I pointed out the necessity for single man management, the necessity of recognising the dictatorial authority of single individuals for the purpose of carrying out the Soviet idea; that therefore all these phrases regarding equality are sheer nonsense. The class struggle is not carried on on a basis of equality of rights. The possibility of the proletariat being victorious is based on the fact that they represent hundreds of disciplined men, expressing one single will; they are in a position to conquer the peasantry which is economically completely disorganised, a peasantry which has no common basis such as leads the proletariat to unite the closer at its factories and works.

The peasantry is completely disorganised; and in addition to this it represents partly owners, partly workers. Private ownership draws it to capitalism. "The higher the price the better. Should starvation appear—the better still; this will ensure the best possible prices." On the other hand the labouring peasant knows that he has been freed from the yoke of the landlord by the working class. There is a struggle here of two aspects of the soul, a struggle resulting from the economic position of the peasants. This has to be considered; our victory is possible only upon the condition: that we pursue a firm policy. Workers always remain workers in our eyes, and as to


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 “STINGAREE TOPPLED OUT OF THE SADDLE IN THE PATH OF THE CANTERING HOOFS.”

(See page 7.)


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Page:Peaceful Assembly Act 2012.pdf/1

 PEACEFUL ASSEMBLY ACT 2012

title: Page:Peaceful Assembly Act 2012.pdf/1


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2 {|style="margin: auto;" Publisher’s Copyright ©
 * Date of Royal Assent ... ... || 30 January 2012
 * Date of publication in the Gazette... ... ... || |9 February 2012
 * }
 * Date of publication in the Gazette... ... ... || |9 February 2012
 * }

PERCETAKAN NASIONAL MALAYSIA BERHAD

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording and/or otherwise without the prior permission of Percetakan Nasional Malaysia Berhad

(Appointed Printer to the Government of Malaysia).

title: Page:Peaceful Assembly Act 2012.pdf/2


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Page:Peaceful Assembly Act 2012.pdf/3

 LAWS OF MALAYSIA Act 736 PEACEFUL ASSEMBLY ACT 2012

ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS

title: Page:Peaceful Assembly Act 2012.pdf/3


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Page:Tracts for the Times Vol 3.djvu/77

Rh Another writer says,

After these instances the article from which I cite asks, not unreasonably, " Upon whom does the anathema of Gother fall?"

Another instance of this unsteady, and (if it may so be called) untrustworthy conduct of the Roman Church, occurs in respect to their doctrine of Repentance; which is well pointed out by a recent writer in the British Magazine. His account is as follows.

title: Page:Tracts for the Times Vol 3.djvu/77


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Page:Tracts for the Times Vol 3.djvu/78

26 The following are further illustrations of the distinction observed in the Roman Church between Catholic verities and the opinions of the schools. In presenting them to the reader, I have no purpose of denying that there is a distinction really, and that it may properly be insisted on, but I deny it exists in the particular cases; in which what is professed to be but an opinion, is more or less the genuine practical meaning of the Tridentine decrees.

Enough, perhaps, has now been said on the mode in which it is expedient at the present day to carry on the controversy with Romanism,—which of its doctrines are to be selected for attack, what authorities are to be used in ascertaining them, and what arguments are to be employed against them. Some remarks shall be added before concluding, as to the best mode of conducting the defence of our own Church.

Let it be observed that, in our argument with the Romanists, we might, if needful, be very liberal in our confessions about ourselves, without at all embarrassing our position in consequence. While we are able to maintain the claim of our clergy to the ministration of the Sacraments, and our freedom from any deadly heresy, we have nothing to fear from any historical disclosures which the envy of adversaries might contrive against our Church, or from any external appearances which it may present at this day to the superficial observer. Whatever may be the past mistakes of individual members of it, or the tyranny of aliens over it, or its accidental connexion with Protestant persuasions, still these hinder not its having "the ministration of the Word and Sacraments;" and having them, it has sufficient claims on our filial devotion and love. This being understood then, the fol-

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Page:Tracts for the Times Vol 3.djvu/79

Rh lowing remarks are made with a view of showing how far, if necessary, we may safely go in our admissions.

1. We may grant in the argument that the English Church has committed mistakes in the practical working of its system; nay is incomplete even in its formal doctrine and discipline. We require no enemy to show us the probability of this, seeing that her own Article expressly states that the primitive Churches of Antioch and Alexandria, as well as that of Rome, have erred, "not only in their living and manner of ceremonies, but also in matters of faith." Much more is a Church exposed to imperfection, which embraces but a narrow portion of the Catholic territory, has been at the distance of 1500 to 1800 years from the pure fountains of tradition, and is surrounded by political influences of a highly malignant character.

2. Again, the remark may seem paradoxical at first sight, yet surely it is just, that the English Church is for certain deficient in particulars, because it does not profess itself infallible. I mean as follows. Every thoughtful mind must at times have been beset by the following doubt; "How is it that the particular Christian body to which I belong happens to be the right one? I hear every one about me saying his own society is alone right, and others wrong: is not every one as much justified in saying so as every one else? is not any one as much justified as I am? In other words, the truth is surely no where to be found pure, unadulterate and entire, but is shared through the world, each Christian body having a portion of it, none the whole of it." A certain liberalism is commonly the fruit of this perplexity. Men are led on to gratify the pride of human nature, by standing aloof from all system, forming a truth for themselves, and countenancing this or that denomination of Christians according as each maintains portions of that which they have already assumed to be the truth. Now the primitive Church answered this question, by appealing to the simple fact that all the Apostolic Churches all over the world did agree together. True there were sects in every country, but they bore their own refutation on their forehead, in that they were of recent origin; but all those societies in every country, which the Apostles had founded, did agree together in

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28 one, and no time short of the Apostles' could be assigned, with any show of argument, for the rise of their existing doctrine. This doctrine in which they agreed was accordingly called Catholic truth, and there was plainly no room at all for asking, "Why should my own Church be more true than another's?"—But at this day, it need not be said, such an evidence is lost, except as regards the articles of the Creeds. It is a very great mercy that the Church Catholic over the world, as descended from the Apostles, does at this day speak one and the same doctrine about the Trinity and Incarnation, as it has always spoken it, excepting in one single point, which rather probat regulam than interferes with it, viz. as to the procession of the Holy Ghost from the Son. With this solitary exception, we have the certainty of possessing the entire truth as regards the high theological doctrines, by an argument which supersedes the necessity of arguing from Scripture against those who oppose them. It is quite impossible that all countries should have agreed to that which was not Apostolic. They are a number of concordant witnesses to certain definite truths, and while iheir testimony is one and the same from the very first moment they publicly utter it, so on the other hand, if there be bodies which speak otherwise, we can show historically that they rose later than the Apostles. This majestic evidence, however, does not extend to any but to the articles of the Creed, especially those relating to the Trinity and Incarnation. The primitive Church was never called upon, whether in Council or by its divines, to pronounce upon other points of faith, and the later Church has differed about them; especially about those on which the contest turns between Romanism and ourselves. Here neither Rome nor England can in the same sense appeal to Catholic testimony; and, this being the case, a member of the one or the other Church might fairly have the antecedent scruple rise in his mind, why his own communion should have the whole truth, why on the contrary the rival communion should not have a share of it, and the truth itself lie midway between them. This is the question of a philosophical mind, and the Church of Rome meets it with a theory, perfectly satisfactory, provided only it be established as a fact,

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