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THE IVORY TOWER decide." With which he again faced criticism. "The extent, Vinty, to which I think I must just like to drift!"

Vinty seemed for a moment to give this indicated quantity the attention invited to it, but without more action for the case than was represented by his next saying: "Why then do you produce your question—apparently so much for my benefit?"

"Because in the first place you noticed the place it lurks in, and because in the second I like to tell you things."

This might have struck us as making the strained note in Vinty's smile more marked. "But that's exactly, confound you, what you don't do! Here have I been with you half an hour without your practically telling me anything!"

Graham, very serious, stood a minute looking at him hard; succeeding also quite it would seem in taking his words not in the least for a reproach but for a piece of information of the greatest relevance, and thus at once dismissing any minor importance. He turned back with his minor importance to his small open drawer, laid it within again and, pushing the drawer to, closed the doors of the cabinet. The act disposed of the letter, but had the air of introducing as definite a statement as Horton could have dreamt of. "It's a bequest from Mr. Gaw."

"A bequest"—Horton wondered—"of banknotes?" 214


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224 Ling-Nam. No one worthy to succeed him was found, and the sacred bowl and other paraphernalia of the office were buried with him.

The story of Luk-tso's life reads so like a fairy tale, that it is difficult to sift the facts from the fancies which his admirers have wreathed around it. His family name was Ló, and his native village was Ló-tsuen, near the present city of San-hing, where he was born about 625 A.D. His mother's name was Lee. At the time of his conception she saw in a dream abundance of white flowers spring up and white storks flying in pairs, and the room was filled with a strange delightful perfume. At the time of his birth, which occurred six years later, bright candles appeared in the sky, and a wondrous fragrance filled the air. On the following morning two priests suddenly appeared, and informed his father that a son was born to him, whose name was already determined upon. Above it would be Wei (Benevolence), and below it would be Nang (Power), because he would bestow blessings on the people, and have power to show forth the doctrines of Buddha. He has ever been known as Wei-nang. In infancy he was nourished by spirits or divine beings, who gathered honey- dew and nectar to feed him. When he was three years old his father died, and left him to the care of his mother, who brought him up. When she was old he went to live in Nam-hoi, near Canton. They were very poor, and he had nothing with which to support his mother. He was accustomed to gather firewood and take it to the market to sell. While there one day he heard some one read from a Buddhist book, called the " Diamond Sutra." His heart was awakened, and in answer to his inquiry the man told

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 Nam-wa Monastery and the Sixth Patriarch. 225 him he had received the book from Wong-mui, the fifth patriarch, who was at Yan-tai monastery in Kiang-si province. He informed his mother of the desire of his heart, and went in search of this master. A stranger, hearing of his purpose, gave him ten taels ($14), which he expended upon his mother, and set out to find Wong- mui. When he found him the master asked him, "Whence have you come, and what do you wish?" "I have come from Ling-nam," he said. "I am a native of San-chow, and wish to become a Buddhist." « Are "You are a Ling-nam man!" the master said. the savages of that region worthy to become Buddhists?" and south," replied Wei-nang. He was taken on trial, and not only accepted as a pupil, but was judged worthy to receive the robe and bowl, which invested him as Wong-nui's successor and sixth patriarch of the Church, with the knowledge of things handed down from Tat-mo. When the time of his departure came, Ng-tsó, the fifth patriarch, escorted him to Ku-kiang in Kiang-si, and for several days did not return to his house. When his disciples saw him they wondered at his manner, and asked, "Master, are you ill or are you angry?" "I am ill," he said, "because my robe of office has gone to the south." "Who took it ? " they asked. Nang-ché " ("the powerful one") was the reply, and they knew who was meant. Shortly after this he passed. quietly from the world. Luk-tsó, after parting with his master and predecessor, 15
 * The doctrines of Buddha know no distinction of north


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THE IVORY TOWER "No—it's a letter addressed to me just before his death, handed me by his daughter, to whom he intrusted it, and not likely, I think, to contain money. He was then sure, apparently, of my coming in for money; and even if he hadn't been would have had no ground on earth for leaving me anything."

Horton's visible interest was yet consonant with its waiting a little for expression. "He leaves you the great Rosanna."

Graham, at this, had a stare, followed by a flush as the largest possible sense of it came out. "You suppose it perhaps the expression of a wish?" And then as Horton forebore at first as to what he supposed: "A wish that I may find confidence to apply to his daughter for her hand?"

"That hasn't occurred to you before?" Horton asked—"nor the measure of the confidence suggested been given you by the fact of your receiving the document from Rosanna herself? You do give me, you extraordinary person," he gaily proceeded, "as good opportunities as I could possibly desire to 'help' you!"

Graham, for all the felicity of this, needed but an instant to think. "I have it from Miss Gaw herself that she hasn't an idea of what the letter contains—any more than she has the least desire that I shall for the present open it."

"Well, mayn't that very attitude in her rather point to a suspicion?" was his guest's ingenious 215


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THE IVORY TOWER reply. "Nothing could be less like her certainly than to appear in such a case to want to force your hand. It makes her position—with exquisite filial piety, you see—extraordinarily delicate."

Prompt as that might be, Gray appeared to show, no sportive sophistry, however charming, could work upon him. "Why should Mr. Gaw want me to marry his daughter?"

Horton again hung about a little. "Why should you be so afraid of ascertaining his idea that you don't so much as peep into what he writes on the subject?"

"Afraid? Am I afraid?" Gray fairly spoke with a shade of the hopeful, as if even that would be richer somehow than drifting.

"Well, you looked at your affair just now as you might at some small dangerous, some biting or scratching, animal whom you're not at all sure of."

"And yet you see I keep him about."

"Yes—you keep him in his cage, for which I suppose you have a key."

"I have indeed a key, a charming little golden key." With which Gray took another turn; once more facing criticism, however, to say with force: "He hated him most awfully!"

Horton appeared to wonder. "Your uncle hated old Gaw?"

"No—I don't think he cared. I speak of Mr. Gaw's own animus. He disliked so mortally his 216


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THE IVORY TOWER old associate, the man who lies dead upstairs—and in spite of my consideration for him I still preserve his record."

"How do you know about his hate," Horton asked, "or if your letter, since you haven't read it, is a record?"

"Well, I don't trust it—I mean not to be. I don't see what else he could have written me about. Besides," Gray added, "I've my personal impression."

"Of old Gaw? You had seen him then?"

"I saw him out there on this verandah, where he was hovering in the most extraordinary fashion, a few hours before his death. It was only for a few minutes," Gray said—"but they were minutes I shall never forget."

Horton's interest, though so deeply engaged, was not unattended with perplexity. "You mean he expressed to you such a feeling at such an hour?"

"He expressed to me in about three minutes, without speech, to which it seemed he couldn't trust himself, as much as it might have taken him, or taken anyone else, to express in three months at another time and on another subject. If you ever yourself saw him," Gray went on, "perhaps you'll understand."

"Oh I often saw him—and should indeed in your place perhaps have understood. I never heard him accused of not making people do so. 217


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THE IVORY TOWER But you hold," said Horton, "that he must have backed up for you further the mystic revelation?"

"He had written before he saw me—written on the chance of my being a person to be affected by it; and after seeing me he didn't destroy or keep back his message, but emphasised his wish for a punctual delivery."

"By which it is evident," Horton concluded, "that you struck him exactly as such a person."

"He saw me, by my idea, as giving my attention to what he had there ready for me." Gray clearly had talked himself into possession of his case. "That's the sort of person I succeeded in seeming to him—though I can assure you without my the least wanting to."

"What you feel is then that he thought he might attack with some sort of shock for you the character of your uncle?" Vinty's question had a special straightness.

"What I feel is that he has so attacked it, shock or no shock, and that that thing in my cabinet, which I haven't examined, can only be the proof."

It gave Horton much to turn over. "But your conviction has an extraordinary bearing. Do I understand that the thing was handed you by your friend with a knowledge of its contents?"

"Don't, please," Gray said at once, "understand anything either so hideous or so impossible. She but carried out a wish uttered on her father's 218


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THE IVORY TOWER deathbed, and hasn't so much as suggested that I break the portentous seal. I think in fact," he assured himself, "that she greatly prefers I shouldn't."

"Which fact," Horton observed, "but adds of course to your curiosity."

Gray's look at him betrayed on this a still finer interest in his interest. "You see the limits in me of that passion."

"Well, my dear chap, I've seen greater limits to many things than your having your little secret tucked away under your thumb. Do you mind my asking," Horton risked, "whether what deters you from action—and by action I mean opening your letter—is just a real apprehension of the effect designed by the good gentleman? Do you feel yourself exposed, by the nature of your mind or any presumption on Gaw's behalf, to give credit, vulgarly speaking, to whatever charge or charges he may bring?"

Gray weighed the question, his wide dark eyes would have told us, in his choicest silver scales. "Neither the nature of my mind, bless it, nor the utmost force of any presumption to the contrary, prevents my having found my uncle, in his wonderful latest development, the very most charming person that I've ever seen in my life. Why he impressed me as a model of every virtue."

"I confess I don't see," said Horton, "how a relative so behaving could have failed to endear 219


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THE IVORY TOWER himself. With such convictions why don't you risk looking?"

Gray was but for a moment at a loss he quite undertook to know. "Because the whole thing would be so horrible. I mean the question itself is—and even our here and at such a time discussing it."

"Nothing is horrible—to the point of making one quake," Horton opined, "that falls to the ground with a smash from the moment one drops it. The sense of your document is exactly what's to be appreciated. It would have no sense at all if you didn't believe."

Gray considered, but still differed. "Yes, to find it merely vindictive and base, and thereby to have to take it for false, that would still be an odious experience."

"Then why the devil don't you simply destroy the thing?" Horton at last quite impatiently inquired.

Gray showed perhaps he had scarce a reason, but had, to the very brightest effect, an answer. "That's just what I want you to help me to. To help me, that is," he explained, "after a little to decide for."

"After a little?" wondered Horton. "After how long?"

"Well, after long enough for me to feel sure I don't act in fear. I don't want," he went on as in fresh illustration of the pleasure taken by 220


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THE IVORY TOWER him, to the point, as it were, of luxury, in feeling no limit to his companion's comprehension, or to the patience involved in it either, amusedly as Horton might at moments attempt to belie that, adding thereby to the whole service something still more spacious—"I don't want to act in fear of anything or of anyone whatever; I said to myself at home three weeks ago, or whenever, that it wasn't for that I was going to come over; and I propose therefore, you see, to know so far as possible where I am and what I'm about: morally speaking at least, if not financially."

His friend but looked at him again on this in rather desperate diversion. "I don't see how you're to know where you are, I confess, if you take no means to find out."

"Well, my acquisition of property seems by itself to promise me information, and for the understanding of the lesson I shall have to take a certain time. What I want," Gray finely argued, "is to act but in the light of that."

"In the light of time? Then why do you begin by so oddly wasting it?"

"Because I think it may be the only way for me not to waste understanding. Don't be afraid," he went on, moving as by the effect of Horton's motion, which had brought that subject of appeal a few steps nearer the rare repository, "that I shall commit the extravagance of at all wasting you." 221


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THE IVORY TOWER Horton, from where he had paused, looked up at the ivory tower; though as Gray was placed in the straight course of approach to it he had after a fashion to catch and meet his eyes by the way. "What you really want of me, it's clear, is to help you to fidget and fumble—or in other words to prolong the most absurd situation; and what I ought to do, if you'd believe it of me, is to take that stuff out of your hands and just deal with it myself."

"And what do you mean by dealing with it yourself?"

"Why destroying it unread by either of us—which," said Horton, looking about, "I'd do in a jiffy, on the spot, if there were only a fire in that grate. The place is clear, however, and we've matches; let me chuck your letter in and enjoy the blaze with you."

"Ah, my dear man, don't! Don't!" Gray repeated, putting it rather as a plea for indulgence than as any ghost of a defiance, but instinctively stepping backward in defence of his treasure.

His companion, for a little, gazed at the cabinet, in speculation, it might really have seemed, as to an extraordinary reach of arm. "You positively prefer to hug the beastly thing?"

"Let me alone," Gray presently returned, "and you'll probably find I've hugged it to death."

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THE IVORY TOWER wanted of me to be exactly not that I should let you alone, but that I should give you on the contrary my very best attention."

"Well," Gray found felicity to answer, "I feel that you'll see how your very best attention will sometimes consist in your not at all minding me."

So then for the minute Horton looked as if he took it. The great clock on the mantel appeared to have stopped with the stop of its late owner's life; so that he eyed his watch and startled at the hour to which they had talked. He put out his hand for good-night, and this returned grasp held them together in silence a minute. Something then in his sense of the situation determined his breaking out with an intensity not yet produced in him. "Yes—you're really prodigious. I mean for trust in a fellow. For upon my honour you know nothing whatever about me."

"That's quite what I mean," said Gray—"that I suffer from my ignorance of so much that's important, and want naturally to correct it."

"'Naturally'?" his visitor gloomed.

"Why, I do know this about you, that when we were together with old Roulet at Neuchâtel and, off on our cours that summer, had strayed into a high place, in the Oberland, where I was ass enough to have slid down to a scrap of a dizzy ledge, and so hung helpless over the void, unable to get back, in horror of staying and in greater 223


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THE IVORY TOWER horror of not, you got near enough to me, at the risk of your life, to lower to me the rope we so luckily had with us and that made an effort of my own possible by my managing to pass it under my arms. You helped that effort from a place of vantage above that nobody but you, in your capacity for playing up, would for a moment have taken for one, and you so hauled and steadied and supported me, in spite of your almost equal exposure, that little by little I climbed, I scrambled, my absolute confidence in you helping, for it amounted to inspiration, and got near to where you were."

"From which point," said Horton, whom this reminiscence had kept gravely attentive, "you in your turn rendered me such assistance, I remember, though I can't for the life of me imagine how you contrived, that the tables were quite turned and I shouldn't in the least have got out of my fix without you." He now pulled up short however; he stood a moment looking down. "It isn't pleasant to remember."

"It wouldn't," Gray judged, "be pleasant to forget. You gave proof of extraordinary coolness."

Horton still had his eyes on the ground. "We both kept our heads. I grant it's a decent note for us."

"If you mean we were associated in keeping our heads, you kept mine," Gray remarked, "much more than I kept yours. I should be without a 224


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THE IVORY TOWER head to-day if you hadn't seen so to my future, just as I should be without a heart, you must really let me remark, if I didn't look now to your past. I consider that to know that fact in it takes me of itself well-nigh far enough in appreciation of you for my curiosity, even at its most exasperated, to rest on a bed of roses. However, my imagination itself," Gray still more beautifully went on, "insists on making additions—since how can't it, for that matter, picture again the rate at which it made them then? I hadn't even at the time waited for you to save my life in order to think you a swell. If I thought you the biggest kind of one, and if in your presence now I see just as much as ever why I did, what does that amount to but that my mind isn't a blank about you?"

"Well, if mine had ever been one about you," said Horton, once more facing it, "our so interesting conversation here would have sufficed to cram it full. The least I can make of you, whether for your protection or my profit, is just that you're insanely romantic."

"Romantic—yes," Gray smiled; "but oh, but oh, so systematically!"

"It's your system that's exactly your madness. How can you take me, without a stroke of success, without a single fact of performance, to my credit, for anything but an abject failure? You're in possession of no faintest sign, kindly note, that I'm not a mere impudent ass." 225


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THE IVORY TOWER Gray accepted this reminder, for all he showed to the contrary, in the admiring spirit in which he might have regarded a splendid somersault or an elegant trick with cards; indulging, that is, by his appearance, in the forward bend of attention to it, but then falling back to more serious ground. "It's my romance that's itself my reason; by which I mean that I'm never so reasonable, so deliberate, so lucid and so capable—to call myself capable at any hour!—as when I'm most romantic. I'm methodically and consistently so, and nothing could make and keep me, for any dealings with me, I hold, more conveniently safe and quiet. You see that you can lead me about by a string if you'll only tie it to my appropriate finger—which you'll find out, if you don't mind the trouble, by experience of the wrong ones, those where the attachment won't 'act'." He drew breath to give his friend the benefit of this illustration, but another connection quickly caught him up. "How can you pretend to suggest that you're in these parts the faintest approach to an insignificant person? How can you pretend that you're not as clever as you can stick together, and with the cleverness of the right kind? For there are odious kinds, I know—the kind that redresses other people's stupidity instead of sitting upon it."

"I'll answer you those questions," Horton goodhumouredly said, "as soon as you tell me 226


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 "And, for my part, I used to feel as though I had a hot iron gnawing my very vitals; if I fell into a short sleep, a thousand devils seemed dancing around me; sometimes I fancied myself discovered in clothes dyed in blood, burying the corpse of a victim; or stopped whilst in the act of conveying it away on my shoulders: shuddering I have awoke, bathed in perspiration, wrung from me by the horrid visions of my tortured spirit; drops of agony, which might have been gathered in spoonsful, stood upon my aching brow; in vain have I sought by any change of position to taste a quiet sleep; turning upon my pillow, which seemed filled with thorns, even the pressure of my nightcap has appeared to my throbbing brain like the sharp points of an iron band, which drove its rugged teeth through my temples."

"Ah! I know well what all that is, I have felt as though a thousand needles were piercing every nerve."

"Possibly, what you have described, may be what is generally styled remorse."

"Remorse or not, it has been a fiery torment—a torment, M. Jules, which I am weary of;—I can bear it no longer, and it is time to end my misery. Some persons might owe you a grudge for the part you have acted towards us, but for my part I consider that you have done us a service; what say you, Raoul?" [sic]

"Since our confession, I feel as though I were in paradise in comparison with my former sufferings. I know that we have a trying scene to go through, but our poor victims suffered as much at our hands, and it is but fair that we should serve as examples to others."

At the moment of separating from them, Raoul and Court begged of me to do them the kindness to come and see them directly they had received their sentence; this I promised, and I kept my word. Two days after they had been condemned to death, I went to them. When I entered their dungeon, they both uttered a cry of joy, and made its gloomy walls echo with the joyful welcome of their "liberator," as they termed me. They


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THE IVORY TOWER how you've come by your wonderful ground for them. Till you're able to do that I shall resent your torrent of abuse. The appalling creature you appear to wish to depict!"

"Well, you're simply a figure—what I call—in all the force of the term; one has only to look at you to see it, and I shall give up drawing conclusions from it only when I give up looking. You can make out that there's nothing in a prejudice," Gray developed, "for a prejudice may be, or must be, so to speak, single-handed; but you can't not count with a relation—I mean one you're a party to, because a relation is exactly a fact of reciprocity. Our reciprocity, which exists and which makes me a party to it by existing for my benefit, just as it makes you one by existing for yours, can't possibly result in your not 'figuring' to me, don't you see? with the most admirable intensity. And I simply decline," our young man wound up, "not to believe tremendous things of any subject of a relation of mine."

"'Any' subject?" Vinty echoed in a tone that showed how intelligently he had followed. "That condition, I'm afraid," he smiled, "will cut down not a little your general possibilities of relation." And then as if this were cheap talk, but a point none the less remained: "In this country one's a figure (whatever you may mean by that!) on easy terms; and if I correspond to your idea of the phenomenon you'll have much to do—I won't say 227


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THE IVORY TOWER for my simple self, but for the comfort of your mind—to make your fond imagination fit the funny facts. You pronounce me an awful swell—which, like everything else over here, has less weight of sense in it for the saying than it could have anywhere else; but what barest evidence have you of any positive trust in me shown on any occasion or in any connection by one creature you can name?"

"Trust?"—Gray looked at the red tip of the cigarette between his fingers.

"Trust, trust, trust!"

Well, it didn't take long to say. "What do you call it but trust that such people as the Bradhams, and all the people here, as he tells me, receive you with open arms?"

"Such people as the Bradhams and as 'all the people here'!"—Horton beamed on him for the beauty of that. "Such authorities and such 'figures,' such allegations, such perfections and such proofs! Oh," he said, "I'm going to have great larks with you!"

"You give me then the evidence I want in the very act of challenging me for it. What better proof of your situation and your character than your possession exactly of such a field for whatever you like, of such a dish for serving me up? Mr. Bradham, as you know," Gray continued, "was this morning so good as to pay me a visit, and the form in which he put your glory to me 228


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 assured me that my visit afforded them the greatest pleasure they were capable of receiving, and entreated me to bestow on them one friendly embrace, in token of my forgiveness of their past, and satisfaction at their present, conduct. I had not the heart to refuse them. They were fastened to a camp bed, with their hands and feet heavily fettered. I advanced towards them, and they pressed me in their arms with all the warmth and enthusiasm with which the sincerest friends would welcome each other after a long separation. A friend of mine, who was present at this interview, experienced considerable alarm at seeing me in a manner entirely at the mercy of two assassins.

"Fear nothing," said I.

"No, no," exclaimed Raoul, "fear nothing, there is little chance of our wishing to injure our good friend M. Jules."

"M. Jules!" cried Court, "no, indeed, he is our only friend, and what is more, he does not forsake us now!"

As I was leaving them, I perceived two small books lying beside them, one of which was half open, and was entitled "Christian Meditations."

"You have been reading, my friends," said I, "is religion a favourite study with you?"

"Oh no," said Raoul, "I know very little about it; these books were left us this morning by a clergyman who has been to visit us. I have just opened them, and certainly if people would follow the precepts they contain, the world would be better than it now is."

"Yes, so I think," said Court, "I am beginning to see that religion is not such a humbug as I once thought it; depend upon it we were not sent into the world to live and die like brutes."

I congratulated the new converts upon the happy change which had taken place in them.

"Who would have thought, two months back," resumed Court, "that I should suffer myself to be noodled by a priest!"


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THE IVORY TOWER —because we talked of you ever so pleasantly—was that, by his appreciation, you know your way about the place better than all the rest of the knowing put together."

Horton smiled, smoked, kept his hands in his pockets. "Dear deep old Davey!"

"Yes," said Gray consistently, "isn't he a wise old specimen? It's rather horrid for me having thus to mention, as if you had applied to me for a place, that I've picked up a good 'character' of you, but since you insist on it he assured me that I couldn't possibly have a better friend."

"Well, he's a most unscrupulous old person and ought really to be ashamed. What it comes to," Haughty added, "is that though I've repeatedly stayed with them they've to the best of his belief never missed one of the spoons. The fact is that even if they had poor Davey wouldn't know it."

"He doesn't take care of the spoons?" Gray asked in a tone that made his friend at once swing round and away. He appeared to note an unexpectedness in this, yet, "out" as he was for unexpectedness, it could grow, on the whole, clearly, but to the raising of his spirits. "Well, I shall take care of my loose valuables and, unwarned by the Bradhams and likely to have such things to all appearance in greater number than ever before, what can I do but persist in my notion of asking you to keep with me, at your convenience, 229


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THE IVORY TOWER some proper count of them?" After which as Horton's movement had carried him quite to the far end of the room, where the force of it even detained him a little, Gray had him again well in view for his return, and was prompted thereby to a larger form of pressure. "How can you pretend to palm off on me that women mustn't in prodigious numbers 'trust' you?"

Haughty made of his shoulders the most prodigious hunch. "What importance, under the sun, has the trust of women—in numbers however prodigious? It's never what's best in a man they trust—it's exactly what's worst, what's most irrelevant to anything or to any class but themselves. Their kind of confidence," he further elucidated, "is concerned only with the effect of their own operations or with those to which they are subject; it has no light either for a man's other friends or for his enemies: it proves nothing about him but in that particular and wholly detached relation. So neither hate me nor like me, please, for anything any woman may tell you."

Horton's hand had on this renewed and emphasised its proposal of good-night; to which his host acceded with the remark: "What superfluous precautions you take!"

"How can you call them superfluous," he asked in answer to this, "when you've been taking them at such a rate yourself?—in the interest, I mean, 230


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 "And you know," rejoined Raoul, "my contempt for them and their sermons, but when men stand in our present awful extremity, it becomes them to look well about them; not that death alarms me; I care as little for it, as I do for this cup of water. You will see whether I dread merely leaving this world, M. Jules."

"Ah yes!" said Court to me, "you must come."

"I will do so, I promise you."

"Honour."

"I pledge you my honour, I will be present."

The day appointed for the execution I repaired to Versailles, it was ten o'clock in the morning when I entered the prison, the two unhappy men were deeply engaged with their confessors. They no sooner perceived me, than precipitately rising, they approached me.

, (taking my hand.) "You do not know what pleasure the sight of you affords me, my friend; we were just preparing to leave this world with a clear conscience."

. "Pray do not let me interfere with so sacred and important a duty."

. "You disturb us, M. Jules! surely you are jesting."

. "Our time draws to a close, we have but a poor ten minutes before us. (Turning to the ministers.) These gentlemen will excuse us."

. "Proceed, my son, proceed!"

. "There are but very few in the world like M. Jules; nevertheless he it was who caged us—but that is nothing."

. "If he had not done so, some one else would."

. "Yes, and some person, in all probability, who would not have treated us half so well."

. "Ah! M. Jules, I shall never forget all your kindness to me."

. "No friend could have done more."

. "And to come and witness the last concluding scene into the bargain."


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THE IVORY TOWER of trying to persuade me that you can't stand on your feet?"

"It hasn't been to show you that I'm silly about life—which is what you've just been talking of. It has only been to show you that I'm silly about affairs," Gray said as they went at last through the big bedimmed hall to the house doors, which stood open to the warm summer night under the protection of the sufficient outward reaches.

"Well, what are affairs but life?" Vinty, at the top of the steps, sought to know.

"You'll make me feel, no doubt, how much they are—which would be very good for me. Only life isn't affairs—that's my subtle distinction," Gray went on.

"I'm not sure, I'm not sure!" said Horton while he looked at the stars.

"Oh rot—I am!" Gray happily declared; to which he the next moment added: "What it makes you contend for, you see, is the fact of my silliness."

"Well, what is that but the most splendid fact about you, you jolly old sage?" and his visitor, getting off, fairly sprang into the shade of the shrubberies. 231


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text: The Ivory Tower (London: W. Collins Sons & Co., 1917)/The Ivory Tower/Book 3/Chapter 5


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text:
The Ivory Tower (London: W. Collins Sons & Co., 1917)/The Ivory Tower/Book 4

{{{!}} class="aux auxtoc"
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Rh

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, (offering some snuff in the hope of changing the conversation.) "Come my friend, take a pinch, you will find it very good."

, (taking a hearty pinch.) "Not so bad; (he sneezes several times;) this is notice to quit, is it not M. Jules?"

. "I fear you may, indeed, look upon it as such."

At this moment Raoul opened the box, which he had taken into his own hands, looked at it attentively, and offering it to Court, inquired his opinion of it. "It is a fine thing of the sort, is it not. Court? tell me of what material it is composed?"

, (turning away and shuddering.) "It is gold."

. "You are right to avert your eyes from the sight of that fatal metal, which has caused the ruin of man since its first introduction; alas! we are melancholy instances of the pernicious effects it has produced."

. "To say that for such trash we should draw down so much trouble and suffering upon ourselves; how much better had we devoted our time to honest labour. We had both of us excellent parents; what are we now but a disgrace to them and our families?"

. "That is not my greatest grief at this awful moment. Think of the gentlemen whose weasands we have cut! the unfortunate beings! my heart bitterly reproaches me for their sufferings."

, (embracing him.) "But you sincerely repent of your past offences, and are about to pay with your own life for those lives you have taken.—'He who sheddeth man's blood, by man shall his blood be shed.' I think that was what the worthy father here was read-to me as M. Jules entered."

. "Come, my children, time is hastening on."

. Tis all in vain; the Supreme Being (if there really be one) can never pardon such guilty wretches as we are."


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338 accompanied by the cultivation of the moral sentiments and habits. Here the native system presents a perfect blank. The hand, the eye, and the ear, are employed; the memory is a good deal exercised; the judgment is not wholly neglected; and the religious sentiment is early and perseveringly cherished, however misdirected. But the passions and affections are allowed to grow up wild without any thought of pruning their luxuriances or directing their exercise to good purposes. Hence, I am inclined to believe, the infrequency in native society of enlarged views of moral and social obligation, and hence the corresponding radical defect of the native character which appears to be that of a narrow and contracted selfishness, naturally arising from the fact that the young mind is seldom, if ever, taught to look for the means of its own happiness and improvement in the indulgence of benevolent feelings and the performance of benevolent acts to those who are beyond a certain pale. The radical defect of the system of elementary instruction seems to explain the radical defect of the native character; and if I have rightly estimated cause and effect, it follows that no material improvement of the native character can be expected, and no improvement whatever of the system of elementary education will be sufficient, without a large infusion into it of moral instruction that shall always connect in the mind of the pupil, with the knowledge which he acquires, some useful purpose to which it may be and ought to be applied, not necessarily productive of personal gain or advantage to himself.”

II. Private or Domestic Instruction—Meagre and imperfect as is the system of instruction in public schools, we have Mr. Adam’s express authority for asserting “that the instruction given in families is still more limited and imperfect.” Elsewhere he adds, “there can be no doubt that the instruction given at home is in general more crude and imperfect, more interrupted and desultory, than that which is obtained at the common schools.” In some cases he found that “it did not extend beyond the writing of the letters of the alphabet, in others the writing of words.” Pundits and priests, “unless where there is some landed property in the family, confine the Bengali instruction they give their children to reading and writing, addition and subtraction, with scarcely any of the application of numbers to agricultural and commercial affairs. Farmers and traders naturally limit their instructions to what they best know, and what is to them and their children of greater direct utility, the calculations and measurements peculiar to their immediate occupations.” The parents with whom Mr. Adam conversed on the subject did “not attach the same value to the domestic instruction their children received which they ascribed to the instruction of a professional schoolmaster, both because in their opinion such instruction would be more regular and systematic, and because the teacher would be probably better qualified.”

The fact is, that this domestic instruction can be regarded only as “a sort of traditionary knowledge of written language and accounts, preserved in families from father to son, and from


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Rh forward as it is, there is revealed to us a great and commanding personality. Every page of it glows with a warm, vigorous and homely eloquence. That of this author's works, which in literary value comes the nearest to his "Visitatsbog," is a collection of sermons called "The Bark of St. Peter," a series of very striking meditations on the development of religion and on the various religious systems. It is, in fact, a system of dogmatics and a church history in nuce, and in it he lets pass no opportunity of attacking the papal church. In his writings, which were intended more directly for the use of the common people, he again and again boldly scourges the besetting sins of the age, avarice, swearing, blasphemy, etc., while several of his other works are written simply for edification.

But the man who by word and deed contributed most to the reformation of Denmark was (1494-1561.) He is the real representative of the Danish ecclesiastical reform, but he accomplished less with his pen than with the living word, and he carried out his mission with zeal and courage, not allowing himself to be intimidated by threats or reproaches. He sprang from poor Danish parents on the island of Funen, and in his twelfth year he ran away from home for the purpose of going to school. Possessing unusual intellectual faculties he soon gained numerous friends, and thus accomplished his desire. He received his education in the Odense school, and it seems that he also studied in Aarhus, at all events his name is found among the pupils of the above mentioned distinguished teacher, Martin Börup. On leaving the school he became a monk in the convent of Antvortskov, in Zealand, and afterward he went to Rostock, where doubtless were developed the germs of the change which took place in his religious views. From Rostock, where he had taken the different academic degrees and become a "docent" (instructor), he went to Copenhagen, where during one year he delivered lectures at the university, and thence he repaired


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. "God's mercy is inexhaustible. Jesus Christ dying on the cross interceded with his father for the penitent thief."

. "May he be pleased to intercede for us likewise."

. "Raise your soul to God, my children, prostrate yourselves in humble prayer before him."

The two sufferers looked at me as if to discover what they ought to do. They appeared to fear my ridiculing any devotional feelings as the result of cowardice or weakness.

. "Let no false shame prevent your obeying the reverend father."

, (to his comrade.) "My friend, let us recommend our souls to our Maker."

Both Raoul and Court kneeled down, and remained for about a quarter of an hour in that position. They seemed rather collected than absorbed. The clock struck half past eleven, they looked at each other, and both speaking together, exclaimed, "In half an hour it will be all over with us." As they pronounced these words they rose; I saw that they wished to speak with me, I therefore drew aside, and they approached me. "M. Jules," said Court, "we would beg a last favour in addition to those we already owe you."

"What is it? depend upon my readiness to perform whatever you may require."

"We have each of us a wife in Paris.—My kind wife! the thoughts of her breaks my heart—it overcomes me!"—tears filled his eyes, his voice became inarticulate, and he could not proceed.

"Come, Court," said Raoul, "what is the matter with you? Come, never play the baby; after all, you astonish me! can you be the brave fellow I took you for? Have not I a wife as well as you? Come, my boy, courage, courage!"

Tis over now," resumed Court, "what I had to say to M. Jules was respecting some commis-


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300 Other instances among insects were adduced to show the ime portant influence of the surroundings of a species in producing fanctional changes in its economy, and it wes sought to be esta: Blished that defective nutrition bas been a principal cause of cocoons being dist ed with by certain Bombycidz. From these prelninary condicntions the esther to consider the Evolution Of the various families of Lepidopters. He believes that the butterflies have as 2 whole been developed from the Bombyeis mene: that Seveloomeae a accome

several roads, ‘He claims the support of palzon- Nologial evidence for his views. ‘The earliest mathe yet ovorded

are the Tineids, the lowest family of tern 5 these may be ied as constituting a persistent at ‘erebra- falas “The ‘Sphinges “ure supposol Te have descended from

Phryganea with Bombycid characters, and many ingenious sug- gestions and considerations are advanced ins support of this view. A bypothetical genealogical tree is given at the close of the Paper.—A ‘monographic account of "Misuse (Accipiter) coopers and W. gundiacki, by Mr. R. Ridgway, gives the results of careful examination of many specimens. With regard to the former it is found impossible to establish the existence of two geographical races, The distinctness of the latter species is ly main- tained. Mr. Ridgway’s account of the Buteonine sub-genus, Craxirex, which is peculiar to America, gives a synopsis of the species. | The very variable Bu/eo noainsond is particularly fally described. —-A very interesting paper is contributed by Dr. Elliott Coues, devoted to a vindication of William Bartram as a scientific soe Dr. Cones seeks to: that, Maine | to the admitted of nomenclature and the rules of the Britis Association, Bartram bas not received his due, He maintains that Bartram’s Cat of United States Birds is not a mere value- leas list, bat all the more valuable in consequence of the terseness and simpli his descriptions, many of which are unmistak- able. papers of the year is by Dr. Lautenbach, on the physiological action of hemlock and its alkaloid. His conclusions, from careful experiments, are as follows :—1. Conia, instead of being poisonons to plants, really acts as 2 preservative ; the alcoholic extract of hemlock, however, acts poiscnously on plants. 2, When locally applied, conia pro- duces a progressive loss of fonctional power in every highly organised tissue with which it comesinta contact. 3. In inducing complete repose of the muscular system, conia powerfully pre- disposes to sleep, but it is not a hypnotic im the sense that opium is re The cotivelsions produced by a dose of hemlock are cerebral, and not spinal, as has fore been imagined. $. Conia produces a doable effect on the motor-nervous system, 1 paralysing effect on the periphery of the efferent or motor sereeny euitw depression of fae sentee tracts of the celui wie 6, The — ie paris of sessile which — early in conia poisoning is due to paresis of the pneumogastrics. 7. The primary acceleration in the respiratory movements is also due to pneumogastric paresis. 8, The salivary secretion is the only secretion markedly increased by a poisonous dose of conia. 9. The voluntary muscles unscathed in conia-poisoning. to, Contraction of the pupil only occurs when the nag is directly applied to the eyeball. 11. Conia causes a decided increase in temperature, 12, Conia is absorbed and ix eliminated unchanged by the kidneys.

Paris

Academy of Sciences, Jan. 31.—Vice-Admiral Paris in the chair—The following papers were read :—Thermal researches on the formation of alcobcls and on etherifcation, by M. Berthelot. Account of experiments made to determine the work expended by Gramme’s magneto-electr’c machines, used for producing light in the works of M&M. Santter and Lemonnier, by M. Tresca. A direct-illumination photometer was used fos comparing an electric lamp with a Carcel lamp, and when equality was had in the two contiguous zones, x dynamometer trace was taken, and the number of turns ascertained. The author gives data of machines, the light from which was equal to 1,830 and 300 Cascel bumers respectively. The cost of fael for the former was only about a huodredth of that of the oil and a fiftieth that of the coal gas—M, Du Moncel presented the fourth volume of bis ‘Exposé des Applications de I'Electricité” (3rd edi- tion), relating to electric clockwork, electric registers, and apphcations of electricity to safety appliances in railway service, —Researches on magnetic rotatory polarisation (and part), by M. Becquerel. ‘The rotation in diamagnetic bodies Increases with the index of refraction. In solutions of dia magnetic salt of varying conceatration, the ratio of the rotation

to the weight of the anhydrous salt is a number nearly constant. With salts of iron the tic rotation increases much more nickly than the number 1 Se se Nom of a homogeneous solid of uniform temperatare, by M. Lacan —On the forumtion of bail (second note), by Mi, Plancd. ‘The electrodes of the secondary couples are introduced into salt water, the positive being covered with moistened blotting-paper. A multitude of ovoid globules are scattered ont and up from this latter in alt directions. M. Plante thinks the electricity in clouds may sometimes act thus, and the globules, rising to a region of lower temperature, become hailstones, Electricity raay produce bail i ific, or magueto-dynamic effects, — President of the Commission on Phylloxera, by M. Mouillefert.—On the poring ope the tunnel of Saint Gothard, by M. Colladon, Notwithstanding much greater hard- ness of rock, &c., than in the boring of Fréjus. M. Favre has, in the third year, realised an advance of 48} per cent. above the maximum obtained in Fréjas Sang the thirteen years, ~Discovery of the planet (159), by M. Paul Henry.—Note on left carves of the fourth ord jerret.—On the principle of correspond fords of removing some difficulties in analytical solutions, by M. Saltel.—On topographic maps, by M. Hermite—On the congelation of mercury by use of a mixture of snow and hydrochloric acid, by M. Witz. A mixture, in equal parts, of mow and hydrochloric acid having = temperature of —1°, will give a temperature of — 375 C.—On electrolytic aniline black, by M. Gopy —~Oa the fer- ment of urea, by M. Musculus. It has none of the properties of ic fermenta, but is rather like soluble ferments, as diastase, maliras oo ‘pancreatic juice.—On the elements of inverted sugar, and their presence in commercial sugar, by M. Maumené,—On digestion in insects; remarks apropes’ of a recent work of M. Jousset, by M, Plateau, M. Plateat observation. —Nt

ie ae a claims priority of fote on the method to be e1 for testing the conductivity of lightning conductors, oy eke ae vations relative to the tions and fractures of the Cretaceous tem, dpropes of the project of making a tunoel under the M, Robert.~On spontaneous periodic movements in the stems of Saxifrage sarmentosa, umbroia, Geum, Acanth- Solia, sin Parnaisia palustris ; relations of this phenomenon ‘with the disposition of the foliar cycle, by M. Heckel,

BOOKS RECEIVED

Brrtism.—Three Months in the Mediterranean : W: 3 ’s Handbook of Astrenoay, E.RAS. (Lockwood) —British

can : Walter Coote (Stanford), 4th edition. Edited by E. Dunk, ish Maaufaccuring Industries. by, ford). ~The Races of Mankind, Vol. 111:

CONTENTS

Op avo New Woaro Suozes. ByO.P.C. .. Drang anp Catico Pxurrinc, By R. Matbota ‘ux Boor

‘Lavtaxs to Tue Boiron :— ‘On the most Nottherly Latitude at which Land and Freshwater pafclusc have bicberto been found —Prof A, E. Noxon j6u

jen Germs.—Dr. Hl

‘The’ University of London and LANassitr. .

yet. —Awtaux ANGELL

Large Meteors, —Wituiax F. Duwninc

‘The Flame of Common Salt—B. G..

Cuazuron Bastian ; In 1 Examinations.

Ova Aergovonacss Cousins ve Binary Star n per. susieewon As © ‘The Rugby (Femple Observatory) Catalogue of Double Stars © - jupiter's Satellites... a ‘Tux Daamacn or tHe Zuyper Zax | ‘Tue Breps of Noxtu-Eastenn Arai Frariisation oF FLowans ey Inescts,

Muuuex (With [urrranons) ScuoLaasures ap Exaserrions 7¢ BaIDC, 70. 2. ee ‘Tux Inpusratat “Aprtications or OxvaRn, MAN. : Noes - Socien Boors Rucaivan.


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 BOOK FOURTH

I

and again, during the fortnight that followed his uncle's death, were his present and his future to strike our young man as an extraordinary blank cheque signed by Mr. Betterman and which, from the moment he accepted it at all, he must fill out, according to his judgment, his courage and his faith, with figures, monstrous, fantastic, almost cabalistic, that it seemed to him he should never learn to believe in. It was not so much the wonder of there being in various New York institutions strange deposits of money, to amounts that, like familiar mountain masses, appeared to begin at the blue horizon and, sloping up and up toward him, grew bigger and bigger the nearer he or they got, till they fairly overhung him with their purple power to meet whatever drafts upon them he should make; it was not the tone, the climax of dryness, of that dryest of men Mr. Crick, whose answering remark as to any and every particular presumption of credit was "Well, I guess I've 232


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 sions we would fain intrust him with for our poor widows."

I pledged my word for the exact fulfilment of their desires; and when they had made known their wishes, I renewed the assurance of their being strictly performed.

. "I was quite sure that you would not refuse us."

. "Ah, M. Jules, how can we hope to repay your kindness?"

. "If what our ghostly friend here asserts be true, we shall meet in another and a better world."

. "I trust so; and sooner perhaps than we at present think for."

. "Ah, 'tis a journey that must be taken sooner or later. We are upon the eve of our departure."

. "M. Jules, is your watch correct?"

. "I believe it is too fast." (I drew it from my pocket.)

. "Let us see—twelve o'clock."

. "The hour for our execution; heavens! how the time gallops on!"

. "Look, the large hand is just about to overtake the small one! We shall never be weary of talking with you, M. Jules, but still we must part;—here, take these prattlers, we have no further need of them." (The prattlers were the books I have before described.)

. "And these two crucifixes, take them also; they will at least serve to remind you of us."

A noise of carriages was heard, the two culprits turned pale.

. "It is a wise plan to repent of our sins, but what if I determine to die game?—No; let me not turn bravado as many have done, but meet my fate with the courage of a man, and the resignation of a sinner."

. "Well said, my friend, let us be firm, yet contrite."

The executioner arrived at the moment for ascending the fatal cart, and the sufferers bade me adieu.


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THE IVORY TOWER fixed it so as you'll find something there"; that sort of thing was of course fairytale enough in itself, was all the while and in a hundred connections a sweet assault on his credulity, but was at the same time a phase of experience comparatively vulgar and that tended to lose its edge with repetition. The real, the overwhelming sense of his adventure was much less in the fact that he could lisp in dollars, as it were, and see the dollars come, than in those vast vague quantities, those spreading tracts, of his own consciousness itself on which his kinsman's prodigious perversity had imposed, as for his exploration, the aspect of a boundless capital. This trust of the dead man in his having a nature that would show to advantage under a bigger strain than it had ever dreamed of meeting, and the corresponding desolate freedom on his own part to read back into the mystery such refinements either, or such crude candours, of meaning and motive as might seem best to fit it, that was the huge vague inscribable sum which ran up into the millions and for which the signature that lettered itself to the last neatness wherever his mind's eye rested was "good" enough to reduce any more casual sign in the scheme of nature or of art to the state of a negligible blur. Mr. Crick's want of colour, as Gray qualified this gentleman's idiosyncrasy from the moment he saw how it would be their one point of contact, became, by the extreme rarity and clarity with which it 233


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THE IVORY TOWER couldn't but affect him, the very most gorgeous gem, of the ruby or topaz order, that the smooth forehead of the actual was for the present to flash upon him.

For dry did it appear inevitable to take the fact of a person's turning up, from New York, with no other retinue than an attendant scribe in a straw hat, a few hours before his uncle's last one, and being beholden to mere Miss Mumby for simple introduction to Gray as Mr. Betterman's lawyer. So had such sparenesses and barenesses of form to register themselves for a mind beset with the tradition that consequences were always somehow voluminous things; and yet the dryness was of a sort, Gray soon apprehended, that he might take up in handfuls, as if it had been the very sand of the Sahara, and thereby find in it, at the least exposure to light, the collective shimmer of myriads of fine particles. It was with the substance of the desert taken as monotonously sparkling under any motion to dig in it that the abyss of Mr. Crick's functional efficiency was filled. That efficiency, in respect to the things to be done, would clearly so answer to any demand upon it within the compass of our young man's subtlety, that the result for him could only be a couple of days of inexpressible hesitation as to the outward air he himself should be best advised to aim at wearing. He reminded himself at this crisis of the proprietor of a garden, newly acquired, who might walk about with his gardener and try to combine, in presence of 234


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THE IVORY TOWER abounding plants and the vast range of luxuriant nature, an ascertainment of names and properties and processes with a dissimulation, for decent appearance, of the positive side of his cockneyism. By no imagination of a state of mind so unfurnished would the gardener ever have been visited; such gaping seams in the garment of knowledge must affect him at the worst as mere proprietary languor, the offhandness of repletion; and no effective circumvention of traditional takings for granted could late-born curiosity therefore achieve. Gray's hesitation ceased only when he had decided that he needn't care, comparatively speaking, for what Mr. Crick might think of him. He was going to care for what others might—this at least he seemed restlessly to apprehend; he was going to care tremendously, he felt himself make out, for what Rosanna Gaw might, for what Horton Vint might—even, it struck him, for what Davey Bradham might. But in presence of Mr. Crick, who insisted on having no more personal identity than the omnibus conductor stopping before you but just long enough to bite into a piece of pasteboard with a pair of small steel jaws, the question of his having a character either to keep or to lose declined all relevance—and for the reason in especial that whichever way it might turn for him would remain perhaps, so to speak, the most unexpressed thing that should ever have happened in the world. 235


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 "You have just embraced two death's heads," said Raoul, as he followed his friend.

The procession moved on towards the place of punishment. Raoul and Court were intently listening to their confessor, when, all at once, I saw them start;—a voice, never to be forgotten, had struck upon their ear; it was that of Fontaine, who, recovered from his wounds, had mingled with the spectators; animated by the spirit of vengeance, he abandoned himself to the most ferocious expressions of joy. Raoul recognised him, and casting a look towards me, full of contempt and pity for the unmanly exultation displayed by the man to whom he was making all the atonement in his power, he seemed to express that the presence of Fontaine was unpleasant and painful to him. As the vindictive butcher had taken his station close by me, I lost not an instant in compelling him to withdraw, and by a slight movement of the head, both Raoul and his companion testified their grateful sense of this attention to their wishes.

Court was first executed; even when he had ascended the scaffold his eye sought mine, as if to inquire whether I was satisfied with him. Raoul displayed equal firmness, he was in the very prime of life; twice did his head rebound upon the fatal plank, and the blood spirted out with so much violence as to cover the spectators even at the distance of twenty paces!

Such was the end of these two men, whose villany was less the effect of natural depravity than the consequence of having associated with dissolute characters, who in the very bosom of society form a distinct race, possessing their own principles, virtues, and vices. Raoul was only thirty-eight years of age, tall, active, agile, and vigorous; his eyebrows were high and arched, his eye small, lively, and of a sparkling black; his forehead, without being depressed, retreated backwards a little, and his ears, which stood out from his head, appeared as though grafted upon two protuberances, like the generality of the Italians, whom he likewise re-


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THE IVORY TOWER The effect producible by him on the persons just named, and extending possibly to whole groups of which these were members, would be an effect because somehow expressed and encountered as expression: when had he in all his life, for example, so lived in the air of expression and so depended on the help of it, as in that so thrilling night-hour just spent with the mystifying and apparently mystified, yet also apparently attached and, with whatever else, attaching, Vinty? It wasn't that Mr. Crick, whose analogue he had met on every occasion of his paying his fare in the public conveyances—where the persons to whom he paid it, without perhaps in their particulars resembling each other, all managed nevertheless to be felt as gathered into this reference—wasn't in a high degree conversible; it was that the more he conversed the less Gray found out what he thought not only of Mr. Betterman's heir but of any other subject on which they touched. The gentleman who would, by Gray's imagination, have been acting for the executors of his uncle's will had not that precious document appeared to dispense with every superfluity, could state a fact, under any rash invitation, and endow it, as a fact, with the greatest conceivable amplitude—this too moreover not because he was garrulous or gossiping, but because those facts with which he was acquainted, the only ones on which you would have dreamed of appealing to 236


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Rh THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 10, 1876

OLD AND NEW WORLD SPIDERS

Descriptions of Several European and North-African Spiders. By T. Thorell. Kongl. Svenska Vetenskaps. Akademiens Handlingar, Bandet 13, n.0, §, pp. 1203. (Stockholm : Norstedt and Séner, 1875.)

Al Collection of the Arachnological Writings of Nicolas Marcellus Hents, M.D. Edited by Edward Burgess. ‘With Notes and Descriptions by James H. Emerton. Forming No. II. of Occasional Papers of the Boston So- ciety of Natural History, pp. 1—171, Pl, 1—21, (Boston: U.S.A, 1875.) ‘ T is a somewhat singular coincidence that the two

works at the head of this article should have been published just about the same time, We shall eadeavour briefly to show the value and bearing of cach.

It is probably undeniable that an illustrated book on

any branch of natural history is more acceptable to the public—certainly more attractive—than one wholly devoid of pictorial illustrations ; and not without good reason, for it is well known what great assistance even the advanced student obtains from a single glance at an illustration, when traced by a hand well cognisant of the point sought to be illustrated, even though the hand may be entirely wanting in artistic power. The want, however, of drawings to assist the comprehension of the dry details of natural objects may be reduced to a minimum by the presence of good diagnoses. Pleasant are those pages where both these helps exist ; dreary and uninviting indeed (thaugh sometimes inevitable) are long and dry details of form, structure, and colour, when unenlivened either by drawings or diagnoses. From such dreariness Dr. Tho- rell's two hundred quarto pages of descriptions of spiders (under the title given at the head of this notice) are saved by the excellent diagnosis with which each descrip- tion is preceded. It not uafrequently happens that a diagnosis is a mere formal abstract of the longer descrip- tion that succeeds it ; this is, however, not the case in the present instance, where each diagnosis puts before us just such distinctive points of special form, structure, and colour as the describer, were he at all able with his pencil, would endeavour to delineate by means of rapid sketches and dissectional drawings,

Tn respect to this point Dr, Thorell remarks (p. 4), that he has “ prefaced his descriptions with diagnoses, although this is not done by the generality of modern arachnolo- gists,” it is, he says, “my firm conviction that tolerably good diagnoses very greatly facilitate the determination of unknown speoies, even though they be not real [by the term read Dr. Thorell appears to mean /i//] definitions.” This places a diagnosis, in relation to the full description, exactly on a par with the part delineation and dissectiona] drawing when compared with a full artistic illustration ; neither the diagnosis nor the dissectional drawing, how- ever characteristic, precludes the necessity for a full uescription, por for a full artistic illustration where it can be had ; in fact, were it not a serious question of space

and cost, amounting often to a positive bar, no natural |

object could be said to be well and properly described and illustrated without @ diagnosts, such as that mentioned Von. xi1,—No. 328

above, @ full description embracing an almost photo- graphic accuracy of every part, and (where closely allied forms exist) « differential description as well, besides full, and dissectional drawings. Of course the full description would be broken up into ordinal, family, generic, and specific characters, each in their proper place ; the three first only requiring repetition where, in the individual examples, they happened to depart from the strict type.

The introductory pages of the work before us are in English, while the descriptions are in Latin; and the materials from which Dr, Thorell has drawn them up have been gathered from various collectors and widely distant parts of Europe, including the northern shores of Africa; which last, under the term “ Mediterranean Basin,” Dr. Thorell rightly joins to Europe as a single zoological province. 202 species, belonging to 51 genera, distributed among 12 families, are described, 24 of the species being given as new to science ; a large proportion of the remainder, together with four new genera, having been published as new but a short time before, under the title “ Diagnoses Aranearum Europzarum aliquot Novarum Scripsit.” T, Thoretl, in Tijds. voor Entom. Deel xviii, 875,

Dr. Thorell states (p. 1) that he follows here, with some slight modifications, the classification proposed in his former work “ On European Spiders ;” this mention gives tise to a long foot-note, of two closely-printed pages, in which he examines and criticises M. Eugéne Simon's strictures of his system (published in “Aran. Nouv. ou peu Conaus du Midi de Europe,” 2° Mém. ; “ Mdm. Soc, Roy. de Sciences de Liége,” 2° ser. t. v., 1873). It is not necessary to enter here into the merits of this little pas- sage of arms, but we come to the conclusion, on perusing it, that Dr. Thorell is probably right in saying that he “has not been so fortunate as to make himself under- stood” by M. Simon. At page 7, the latter author’s theory respecting the eyes of spiders is discussed in another long foot-note. This theory has already been noticed in these columns (vol. xi, p. 224). Dr. Thorell, while entering fully into the question of the real nature and structure of the eyes of spiders, says, with regard to this theory, that “it is to be wished that M. Simon would somewhat more accurately describe the researches on which his views are founded ; his theory is, in fact, so much the more remarkable, as no previous naturalist who has investigated the finer structure of the eyes of spiders, appears to have been aware of the ex- istence of any distinction between day-eyes and night- eyes.” Independently, however, of M. Simon’s theory, the question as to the nature of spiders’ eyes is a very interesting one ; and very valuable would be those re- searches which should reveal ta us the actual anatomical condition of such eyes as, for instance, the apparently atrophied, and probably useless, ones of the hind-central pair in the genus Qecobius, Luc.

A footnote of considerable length is appended to pages 66 and 67 on the venom of various species of the genus Lathrodectus, comparing it with the reputed venom of Gateodes arancotdes, and questioning the correctness of ‘M. Simon’s conclusions (Mém. Soc. Roy., Liége, 2 ser. tv), that the bite of Lathrodectus 13-guttatus is not poisonous. Another point, also of great interest, is noted at p. 65, where Dr. Thorell speaks of traces of segmenta-

q �


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THE IVORY TOWER him, seemed all perfect nests or bags of other facts, bristling or bulging thus with every intensity of the positive and leaving no room in their interstices for mere appreciation to so much as turn round. They were themselves appreciation—they became so by the simple force of their existing for Mr. Crick's arid mention, and they so covered the ground of his consciousness to the remotest edge that no breath of the air either of his own mind or of anyone's else could have pretended to circulate about them. Gray made the reflection—tending as he now felt himself to waste rather more than less time in this idle trick—that the different matters of content in some misunderstandings have so glued themselves together that separation has quite broken down and one continuous block, suggestive of dimensional squareness, with mechanical perforations and other aids to use subsequently introduced, comes to represent the whole life of the subject. What it amounted to, he might have gathered, was that Mr. Crick was of such a common commonness as he had never up to now seen so efficiently embodied, so completely organised, so securely and protectedly active, in a word—not to say so garnished and adorned with strange refinements of its own: he had somehow been used to thinking of the extreme of that quality as a note of defeated application, just as the extreme of rarity would have to be. His domestic companion of 237


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 sembled in the olive tint of bis complexion. Court possessed one of those countenances which defy the rules of physiognomy; he had a half squint with one eye, and the whole of his features could be said to boast of neither a good nor a bad expression; unless the sharp angles and projecting cheek bones might be construed into an indication of ferocity. Probably these symptoms of a bloodthirsty disposition had developed themselves through the constant murders and other atrocious acts in which he was constantly engaged. Court was forty-five years of age, and from his youth had been continually involved in guilty courses;—to have gone on so long with impunity must have required a more than ordinary supply of boldness and cunning.

The commissions intrusted to me by the two murderers were of a nature to prove that their hearts were yet accessible to good feeling. I discharged them with punctuality; as to the presents which they made me, I have preserved them and can still show the books and the two crucifixes.

Pons Gérard, whom it was impossible to convict of the murder, was sentenced to perpetual hard labour.

LONDON:


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Nature (journal)/Volume 13

 * No. 314, November 4, 1875, pp. 9-20
 * No. 315, November 11, 1875, pp. 21-40
 * No. 316, November 18, 1875, pp. 41-60
 * No. 317, November 25, 1875, pp. 61-80
 * No. 318, December 2, 1875, pp. 81-100
 * No. 319, December 9, 1875, pp. 101-120
 * No. 320, December 16, 1875, pp. 121-140
 * No. 321, December 23, 1875, pp. 141-160
 * No. 322, December 30 1875, pp. 161-180
 * No. 323, January 6, 1876, pp. 181-200
 * No. 324, January 13, 1870, pp. 201-220
 * No. 325, January 20, 1870, pp. 221-240
 * No. 326, January 27, 1870, pp. 241-260
 * No. 327, February 3, 1870, pp. 261-280
 * No. 328, February 10, 1870, pp. 281-300
 * No. 329, February 17, 1870, pp. 301-320
 * No. 330, February 24, 1870, pp. 321-340
 * No. 331, March 3, 1870, pp. 341-360
 * No. 332, March 10, 1870, pp. 361-380
 * No. 333, March 17, 1870, pp. 381-400
 * No. 334, March 24, 1870, pp. 401-420
 * No. 335, March 31, 1870, pp. 421-440
 * No. 336, April 7, 1870, pp. 441-460
 * No. 337, April 14, 1870, pp. 461-480
 * No. 338, April 21, 1870, pp. 481-500
 * No. 339, April 28, 1870, pp. 501-520

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THE IVORY TOWER these days again and again struck him as most touching the point at issue, and that point alone, when most proclaiming at every pore that there wasn't a difference, in all the world, between one thing and another. The refusal of his whole person to figure as a fact invidiously distinguishable, that of his aspect to have an identity, of his eyes to have a consciousness, of his hair to have a colour, of his nose to have a form, of his mouth to have a motion, of his voice to consent to any separation of sounds, made intercourse with him at once extremely easy and extraordinarily empty; it was deprived of the flicker of anything by the way and resembled the act of moving forward in a perfectly-rolling carriage with the blind of each window neatly drawn down.

Gray sometimes advanced to the edge of trying him, so to call it, as to the impression made on him by lack of recognitions assuredly without precedent in any experience, any, least of all, of the ways of beneficiaries; but under the necessity on each occasion of our young man's falling back from the vanity of supposing himself really presentable or apprehensible. For a grasp of him on such ground to take place he should have had first to show himself and to catch his image somehow reflected; simply walking up and down and shedding bland gratitude didn't convey or exhibit or express him in this case, as he was sure these things had on the other hand truly done 238


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THE IVORY TOWER where everyone else, where his uncle and Rosanna, where Mr. Gaw and even Miss Mumby, where splendid Vinty, whom he so looked to, and awfully nice Davey Bradham, whom he so took to, were concerned. It all came back to the question of terms and to the perception, in varying degrees, on the part of these persons, of his own; for there were somehow none by which Mr. Crick was penetrable that would really tell anything about him, and he could wonder in freedom if he wasn't then to know too that last immunity from any tax on his fortune which would consist in his having never to wince. Against wincing in other relations than this one he was prepared, he only desired, to take his precautions—visionary precautions in those connections truly swarming upon him; but apparently he was during these first days of the mere grossness of his reality to learn something of the clear state of seeing every fond sacrifice to superstition that he could think of thrust back at him. If he could but have brought his visitor to say after twenty-four hours of him "Well, you're the damnedest little idiot I've ever had to pretend to hold commerce with!" that would on the spot have pressed the spring of his rich sacrificial "Oh I must be, I must be!—how can I not abjectly and gratefully be?" Something at least would so have been done to placate the jealous gods. But instead of that the grossness of his reality just flatly included this supremely 239


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Rh generation to generation.” Sometimes the father is the instructor, but quite as often an uncle, or an elder brother. Sometimes a pujari Brahman, or family chaplain, is bound by agreement to employ his leisure hours instructing the children. Sometimes, in villages, in which Mr. Adam could not find a single individual able either to read or write, he was, notwithstanding, assured that the children were not wholly without instruction; and when he asked who taught them, the answer was, “that the gomastha, in his periodical visits for the collection of the master’s rents, gave a few lessons to one or more of the children of the village.”

Since this domestic elementary instruction is, from its very nature, more imperfect and precarious than even the scholastic elementary instruction, and is consequently less esteemed, it may create surprise that it should be allowed to form a substitute for the other at all. The reasons are twofold. In some cases poverty, or inability, to pay for school-instruction is the sole cause of preference. In other instances, the pride or rank of station, of birth and learning, acting also upon circumscribed means, prevents the respective parties from looking beyond their own respective households for the instruction which their children need. Accordingly, the classes of Hindu society to which these families belong, that give domestic instruction to their children, are thus specified by Mr. Adam:—

"“Those who give their children domestic instruction are Zemindars, Talukdars, and persons of some little substance; shopkeepers and traders, possessing some enterprize and forecast in their callings; Zemindar’s agents or factors (Gomashtas), and heads of villages (Mandals), who know practically the advantage of writing and accounts; and sometimes persons of straitened resources but respectable character, who have been in better circumstances, and wish to give their children the means of making their way in the world. Pandits, too, who intend that their children should pursue the study of Sanskrit, begin by instructing them at home in the rudiments of their mother tongue; and Brahmans, who have themselves gone through only a partial course of Sanskrit reading, seek to qualify their children by such instruction as they can give for the office and duties of a family priest, or spiritual guide.”"

In connection with this subject, there is one other point worthy of note. It has already been shown, in the case of school-instruction, how much, proportionably, the Hindu pupils in numbers preponderate over the Musalman. The following table will exhibit, at one view, a specimen of similar preponderance, as regards domestic instruction:—