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 RECEIPTS

FOR FISH AND VEGETABLES.

To Blacken the Fronts of Stone Chimney-Pieces.- Mix oil-varnish with lamp-black, and a little spirit of turpentine to thin it to the consistency of paint. Wash the stone with soap and water very clean ; then sponge it with clear water; and when perfectly dry brush it over twice with this color, letting it dry between the times. The lampblack must be sifted first. Delicious Saline Draughts.- Take twenty grains of carbonate of soda, and an equal quantity of white sugar. twenty-five grains of either lemon or tartaric acid; mix this in two glasses of water as usual. If you substitute half a lemon for the acid, it will be a still more delicious draught, and very refreshing in hot weather, or when feverish. Dandelion Beer.-Take of dandelion roots, well washed, two ounces ; boil them in six quarts of water for thirty minutes; strain, and add one pound of molasses, and half an ounce of yeast : to be put in a bottle and left to ferment for twelve hours. To be drank night and morning.

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RECEIPTS FOR VEGETABLES. To Boil, or rather Simmer, as gently as possible, the seed of the Dwarf Scarlet Runner.-Boil in soft water, for, should the water be hard, they will take four hours; and, unless they are stewed gently, they will break and be spoiled. Put an onion shred fine into a stewpan, with a piece ofbutter rolled in flour ; let it stew until tender, then add the beans to it, with a little hot water ; stir it until it simmers together for a few minutes ; then add a little salt, a tea or dessertspoonful of vinegar, a few chives or a chalot minced fine, and a sufficient quantity of parsley to give it a green color. Serve up the beans very hot, either in a covered dish or under roast mutton. Scarlet Runners, though less delicate, are by many preferred to French beans. They are boiled in the same manmer for quarter of an hour or twenty minutes ; and when tender, a good homely way of preparing them for the table is to place them for some short time in the dripping-pan under any meat that is roasting; add pepper and salt; or, when boiled, mince and stew them in beef gravy. French Beans.-Cut off the ends and stalks ; divide in half, or shred them, according to fancy; lay them in salt and water, and, when the saucepan boils, put them in with some salt. As soon as they are done, serve them immediately, to preserve the green color. Or:-When half- done, drain the water off, put them into two spoonfuls of broth strained, and add a little cream, butter, and flour ; stew gently till tender. Cabbages are of various sorts and differently dressed, but the most common mode is plainly boiled. If the cabbage be large and old, or strongly-flavored, it will take an hour to boil. It should be boiled in two waters, removing the first when the cabbage is half-done, and replacing it with an equal quantity boiling hot. The water should also be frequently skimmed. All green vegetables should be boiled uncovered. Brussels Sprouts are a small species of cabbage, not larger than a walnut, and growing upon a tall single stalk. They are boiled in a few minutes, and may be served up either plain or covered with white sauce. To Mash Parsnips.-Boil them tender; rub the skin off; then mash them into a stewpan with a little cream, a good piece of butter, pepper and salt. Sprouts, or Greens, will be done in fifteen to twenty minutes, but do not require skimming. www

RECEIPTS FOR FISH. Fish-Cutlets.-Chop a considerable quantity of herbs with a small piece of onion, season it with pepper and salt, and put it into a stewpan with two ounces of butter; as the butter is melting add a teaspoonful of essence of anchovies. Do not allow the butter to more than melt, and mix the whole well together ; then cut any kind of white fish, dressed or raw, into handsome cutlets, and, when the herb seasoning is nearly cold, spread it on the fish thickly with a knife; dredge the fish with breadcrumbs, and cook them on butter-pans in an oven, or before the fire. Stew a few silver button-onions, or a chopped onion, with any green vegetables in season, cut it into dice in a little broth, add nasturtiums and a little of the pickle; keep them in the middle of a dish, and lay the cutlets round. Or:-Take any fish previously dressed, pull it in pieces, and mix it with a little good stock, and any fish sauce which may have been left from table ; spread it on a flat dish, brush it with egg and sprinkle thick with breadcrumbs, cut it out in cutlets, and fry brown. Fish Cake.-Cut the meat from the bones, put them, the head and the fins, over the fire to stew for gravy, with a pint of water, an onion, herbs, pepper, and salt. Mince the meat, put to it one-third part of crumbs of bread, a little minced onion, parsley, pepper, salt, and a very small bit of mace : mix well, and make it into a cake with white of egg FASHIONS FOR JUNE. and a little melted butter ; cover it with raspings, and fry FIG. 1.-OUT-DOOR DRESS OF BUFF PIQUE, OR MARSEILLES, it a pale brown, keeping a plate on the top while doing. Then lay it in a stewpan, with the fish gravy, and stew it for the country. It is trimmed with five rows of black gently quarter of an hour ; turn it twice, but with great velvet ribbons, and with black velvet buttons. The straw care not to break it : cover it closely while stewing. Cake hat is trimmed with latticed work of black velvet around of dressed meat, done in the same way, is remarkably good.the brim, and with buff and black feathers. Curried Cod.-Take two slices of large cod, or the reFIG. II.- HOUSE DRESS OF PEARL-COLORED GRENADINE.mains of any cold fish ; three ounces of butter, one onion, The skirt is trimmed with flounces. Above the lower four sliced, a teacupful of white stock, thickening of butter and is a quilling of mauve ribbon ; then there are three more flour, one tablespoonful of curry-powder, quarter of a pint flounces with another quilling of ribbon above them. The of cream, salt and cayenne to taste. Flake the fish, and body is low in the neck, with short sleeves, and over it is fry it of a nice brown color with the butter and onions; worn a white body, embroidered and trimmed with quillput this in a stewpan, add the stock and thickening, andings of mauve ribbon. The sash is also trimmed to corressimmer for ten minutes. Stir the curry-powder into the pond with the body. FIG. III.- HOUSE DRESS OF BLACK SILK.-The skirt is cream ; put it, with the seasoning, to the other ingredients; braided around the bottom and up the front in a Greek give one boil, and serve. Potted Salmon.-Skin the salmon, and clean it thoroughly border put on in white braid ; on each side of this braiding by wiping with a cloth (water would spoil it), cut it into there is a black lace insertion over white silk. The ornasquare pieces, which rub with salt. Let them remain till ments down the front of the dress are of black lace, edged thoroughly drained, and lay them in a dish with the other with white lace. A pointed Marie de Medici waist, which, ingredients, and bake. When quite done, drain them from as well as the small Zouave jacket, is also braided in white. the gravy, press into pots for use, let the salmon remain An under-body of white plaited muslin has a small ruffle till cold, then pour over it clarified butter. Cook rather around the neck. A dress of this kind braided in purple, more than half an hour. or green, is very beautiful.

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8 The anthem learned by the steel is: Do this or go hungry. Look for our rust on a plow. Listen to us in a threshing-engine razz. Look at our job in the running wagon wheat.

Fire and wind wash at the slag. Box-cars, clocks, steam-shovels, churns, pistons, boilers, scissors— Oh, the sleeping slag from the mountains, the slag- heavy pig-iron will go down many roads.

Once when I saw the curves of fire, the rough scarf women dancing, Dancing out of the flues and smoke-stacks flying hair of fire, flying feet upside down;

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RECEIPTS

FOR

MEATS .- DESSERTS.

RECEIPTS FOR MEATS. Veal Cutlets.- Cutlets are cut either from the fillet or the neck, but chops are taken from the loin. Some persons have deprecated the practice of beating meat, but it is essentially necessary in veal cutlets, which otherwise, especially if merely fried, are very indigestible. They should be cut about a quarter, or, at the most, half an inch in thickness, and well beaten; they will then, when fried, taste like sweetbread, be quite as tender, and nearly as rich. Egg them over, dip in bread-crumbs and savory herbs, fry, and serve with mushroom sauce and fried bacon. Or:-Prepare as above and fry them; lay them in a dish, and keep them hot : dredge a little flour, and put a bit of butter into the pan; brown it, then pour a little boiling water into it, and boil quickly; season with pepper, salt, and ketchup, and pour it over them. Sheep's Head.- A great variety of excellent dishes may be made from a sheep's head, which in India, where veal is not easily procurable, answers all the purposes for mock turtle, rolled head, rich hash, or ragout: the bones make excellent jelly, either savory or sweet. Parboil the head ; cut the meat from the bone; stew the former in a little of the liquor until quite tender ; send it to table with a glass of wine in the gravy, forcemeat-balls and brain-cakes for garnish ; or roll up the pieces seasoned in the inside with a thick covering of chopped herbs well seasoned ; brush the outside with yolk of egg ; dredge it with bread-crumbs; fry it; and send to table with a rich gravy made of the bones, and pickles warmed up in it. To Collar Ribs of Beef. -Take two or three ribs of beef; cut the meat from the bones ; rub it well with salt, brown sugar, and saltpetre ; let it remain a fortnight, turning it every day ; then season it with pepper, mace, cloves, allspice, and a clove of garlic chopped very fine ; cover it well with parsley, thyme, and sweet marjoram ; roll it up very tight, and bind it round with tape; put it into a pot with some water, cover it close up, and send it to the oven to be baked very slowly three or four hours : then take it out, and press it between two boards with weights. Veal Cake.- Bone a breast of veal, and cut it in slices ; cut also slices of ham or lean bacon, and boil six eggs hard ; butter a deep pan, and place the whole in layers one over the other, cutting the eggs in slices, and seasoning with chopped herbs and cayenne pepper, and wetting the herbs with anchovy or other highly-flavored sauce. Cover up the whole, let it bake for four hours, and, when taken from the oven, lay a weight upon it to press it well together. When cold, turn it out. To Preserve Meat in Summer.-Coating meat with dry wheaten flour will retain it sweet for a threefold lengthened period, even in tropical climates, the flour acting as an isolater against air and moisture. Decomposition will not occur at the temperature of freezing : this proves the great advantage of ice-chests for the preservation of food.

DESSERTS. American Blancmange.- Mix two ounces of arrowroot in half a pint of cold water; let it settle for a quarter of an hour; pour off the water and add a tablespoonful of orange or rose-water; sweeten one quart of new milk; boil it with a bit of cinnamon, half the peel of a lemon, and four peach ; pour the boiling milk upon the arrowroot, stirring it all the time; put it into a mould and turn it out the following day. Almond Cheese Cakes.- Blanch and pound four ounces of almonds, and a few bitter, with a spoonful of water; then add four ounces of sugar pounded, a spoonful of cream, and the whites of two eggs well beaten; mix all as quick as possible; put into very small pattypans, and bake, in a rather warm oven, under twenty minutes.

Devonshire Junket.- Put warm milk into a bowl; turn it with rennet ; then put some scalded cream, sugar, and cinnamon on the top, without breaking the curd. Or :-Put some new milk into a china or other basin, or else warm some cold milk to the same heat as new ; add to it a little calf's rennet, and, if approved, a little brandy or rum may also be added ; stir it with a spoon so as to mix the whole perfectly. Place it near the fire, or on a warm stove or hearth, until turned ; but it must not be kept too hot, or it will not turn properly. When turned, put sugar, grated nutmeg, or nutmeg and ground cinnamon, on the top, and scalded or clouted cream, without breaking the curd, and serve. Floating Island.-Mix one pint and a half of thin cream with a quarter-pint of raisin wine, a little lemon-juice, orange-flower water, and sugar ; put into a dish for the middle of the table, and put on the cream a froth, which may be made of raspberry or currant jelly. Or :-Scald a codling before it be ripe, or any sharp apple ; pulp it through a sieve ; beat the whites of two eggs with sugar and a spoonful of orange-flower water; mix in, by degrees, the pulp, and beat together until you have a large quantity of froth; serve it on raspberry cream, or put it on a custard. Apple Pancakes.-Mix two large spoonfuls of flour in a cup of milk or wine; when smooth, add eight eggs, some pounded cinnamon, grated lemon-peel, a handful of currants, and six or eight apples peeled and chopped ; mix it all well together; melt some butter in a fryingpan ; when hot, pour the whole mass in, and fry it on both sides ; serve it, strewed with pounded cinnamon and sugar, very hot. Orange Tartlets.- Squeeze, pulp, and boil tender two Seville oranges ; weigh twice their weight of sugar; beat both together to a paste ; then add the juice and pulp of the fruit, and the size of a walnut of fresh butter, and beat all together. Choose a very shallow dish or small pattypan, line it with a light puff crust, and lay the paste of orange in it. You may ice it.

MISCELLANEOUS RECEIPTS. The Best Food for Fattening Young Fowls.-The best food for this purpose is potatoes and grains, with rice boiled dry, as for curry; or you can give them bread and milk, barley-meal, or oatmeal and milk, and boiled potatoes mixed with barley-meal. They should be fed three times a day. Small gravel, and a few grains of cayenne pepper or of dried nettle-seed, should be mixed with the food. Chickens may be thus fattened in from eight days to a fortnight, when they will be ready for the table. To Clean Turkey Carpets.-To revive the color of a Turkey carpet, beat it well with a stick till the dust is all got out; then, with a lemon or sorrel juice, take out the spots of ink, if the carpet be stained with any ; wash it in cold water, and afterward shake out all the water from the threads of the carpet. When it is thoroughly dry, rub it all over with the crumb of a hot wheaten loaf; and if the weather is very fine, hang it out in the open air a night or two. To Clean the Back ofthe Grate, the Inner Hearth, andthe Fronts of Cast-iron Stoves.- Boil about a quarter pound of the best black lead with a pint of small-beer and a bit of soap the size of a walnut. When that is melted, dip a painter's brush, and wet the grate, having first brushed off all the soot and dust ; then take a hard brush and rub it till of a beautiful brightness. Permanent Inkfor Marking Linen.-Take of lunar caustic (now called nitrate of silver), one drachm; weak solution of tincture of galls, two drachms. The cloth must be wetted first with the following liquid, viz : salt of tartar, one ounce; water, one ounce and a half; and it must be made perfectly dry before it is written upon.

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 REVIEW OF NEW "APART."- Under this title we find the following poem going the round of the newspaper press anonymously. Who is its author? The homeless wind sweeps up the rack From the waste of turbid seaI shudder to think that dismal waste Lieth 'tween thee and meLieth 'tween thee and me, And the dun earth shrouds thy breast; But I knew the verdant grass and flowers Are tender of thy rest. Heavily down on the eerie wind Beats the frozen Winter rainIt throbs, in the deep, dark forest depths, Like a human heart in painLike a human heart in pain; As my own throbs on to-night, Thinking of thee in the cold and dark, And I in the warmth and light. Never a message cometh to meOh! how cruel it seems! Never a word from the lost, lost one, Not even in midnight dreamsNot even in midnight dreams! Oh! could it only be! Send me a token! waken a thrill Of the old time ecstasy! Vain it is! wild it is! I will be still! Dead feet never come back! Why should they haste to the world again, Out of the Heavenly track— Out of the Heavenly track? Ah! sinks my heart like a stoneThou art resting in Paradise, I am wandering alone!

BOOKS.

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THE LARGEST CIRCULATION.-The Dundee (N. Y.) Recorder says : "Peterson's is welcomed to more homes than any similar magazine published in this country." That is true. We have now a larger circulation than any other lady's magazine.

REVIEW OF NEW BOOKS. Aids to Faith. 1 vol., 12 mo. New York: D. Appleton & Co.-A collection of essays in defence of Christianity, written by eminent divines of the English church. There is nothing sectional in the volume. The matter is weighty, but the style popular. Such a book was greatly needed, for the assaults of skepticism shift their character continually, and Butler's " Analogy," as well as Paley's " Evidences," though they refuted the infidels of the last century, did not entirely meet the objections ofdisbelievers in this. It has been the fashion, within the last generation, for second-rate men of science to affect incredulity as to revealed religion, on account of presumed inconsistencies between the Mosaic record of the Creation and what they fancied to be the teachings of geology. These pretenders, with their " little learning," which Pope pronounced so "dangerous a thing," are utterly demolished by more than one of the essays before us. No true believer, indeed, requires the aid of such arguments to strengthen his or her faith; but it is wise to have a book of this kind at hand in order to silence skeptics. A Book About Doctors. By J. Cordy Jeaffreson. 1 vol., 12 mo. New York: Rudd & Carleton.-A pleasant, chatty book, full of anecdotes about doctors, principally English A HINT TO THE SOLDIERS.-The captain ofthe barge on an ones, from the time of William Bulleyn and Sir Thomas Browne down. Here you may learn how physicians forrower each gives starting, are as they just race, Oxford boat a little slice of lemon to hold in his mouth. He knows the merly went about on horseback with a foot-cloth, a serphilosophy: Anything in the mouth that promotes the flow vant-man following on foot; how, later, they wore huge of saliva, and keeps the throat moist, answers as well, or wigs and carried portentous canes, as we see them in better, than drink, which often, in quantities, weakens the Hogarth's pictures; how they administered roasted mice stomach. A physician, who understood these things, used, to cure nervous maladies ; and to what a large extent in his long drives, to take a clove in his mouth, instead of quackery, as it would be called now, was practised even drinking frequently, as his inclination would have led him by the most eminent members of the profession. The to do. The advantage of cloves is that they contain much volume is exceedingly entertaining as well as instructive. in little space, and do not lose their strength. For the Ballads of the War. By George Whitfield Hewes. 1 soldier they would be peculiarly useful, since they are vol., 12 mo. New York: Carleton, successor to Rudd & Cararomatic, stimulating, and astringent, which last quality { leton. This is a collection of poems, called forth, as the would tend to counteract that tendency to irritation of the title indicates, by the existing war. The most pretentious bowels, which is the bane of the soldier's life. Half a of the poems are, "The Ballad of Everard Gray," "The dozen a day are enough; one clove may remain in the Lady of the Lieutenant-Colonel," and " A Picture of War." mouth for hours. If we had room we should like to copy a few of the best verses ; but our limited space more crowded than SKELETONS OF LEAVES may be obtained by the following usual, this month. The volume isis even very beautifully printed. process : Macerate the leaves in water, until they are in a The Channings. By the author of " East Lynne," " The state of putrescence or complete decay. The pulpy part of the leaves being thus destroyed, pour some boiling water Earl's Heir," etc., etc. 1 vol., 8 ro. Philada: T. B. Peter over them, which will detach the soft parts from the fibres. son & Brothers.- Everybody is reading the novels of this If carefully done, the fibres will remain unbroken, how- new writer, ofwhose " Earl's Heirs" we spoke at length last ever delicate they may be. To insure success, it may be month. "The Channings" is not inferior to its predecessor. well to do only one leaf at a time. The skeletons being Many persons will like it even better. The publishers issue obtained, they should be dried by placing them in the sun it in a large, double column octavo of three hundred pages ; rather than at the fire, which would have the effect of price fifty cents in paper covers, or seventy-five cents bound in cloth. No novel of the month is half as interesting. It wrinkling them and putting them out of shape. ought to have a sale of tens of thousands. A Popular Treatise on Deafness ; Its Causes and PreA NEW VOLUME.-With the July number begins a new volume. For those persons who do not desire back num- vention. By Drs. Lighthill. Edited by E. Bemford Lightbers, it will be a good opportunity to subscribe. We are hill, M. D. With Illustrations. 1 vol., 12 mo. New York: still able, however, to furnish back numbers from January, Carleton, successor to Rudd & Carleton.-We are not comif desired, with the earlier chapters of " The Jacobite's petent to speak of this treatise from our own knowledge. Daughter," and " The Murrays of Murray House," complete. But we hear it described, by professional men who understand the subject, as an exceedingly valuable work, which THE PINCH OF SNUFF. - Wo have rarely published a more ought to be in the hands of every person threatened with deafness. graphic engraving than this.

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 EDITOR'S EDITORIAL CHIT- CHAT. GARIBALDI DRESSES. CHILDREN'S GARIBALDIS.-Garibaldi dresses still continue fashionable. They are particularly suitable for the warm weather, which is now approaching. For children they are even prettier than for adults. In the front of the number we give two engravings of new Garibaldi dresses for children. One is high in the neck. It is suitable for a child from four to six years old. To enable mothers to make it themselves we give the dimensions: length of skirt thirteen inches, without turnings or hem ; length of shoulder, six inches ; length of sleeve-band, ten inches ; length of wristband, six inches ; length of neck, thirteen inches. This costume may be made in almost any kind of material, such as mohair, mousseline-de-laine, French merino, tweed, etc., etc., but is prettier, and more stylish, made with a body of bright blue or scarlet, worn with any kind of skirt. The body has a pleat down the front, should hang over in a loose manner, and may be fastened up the front with hooks and eyes, or buttons and button-holes. It is gathered together on the shoulders to the length mentioned above, and gathered into the band at the waist, according to the size of the child. The sleeve consists of nearly a straight piece, gathered together at the join to the size of the band, and the band placed over it. This band may be trimmed with buttons or velvet, or both. The sleeve is gathered at the top and bottom, and is put into a band at the wrist. In sewing in the sleeve, let the band come rather forward. A sash is usually worn with this costume, placed on the right side. Now the warmer weather is approaching, our little dress will be found extremely pretty, and suitable for out-door costume, letting the child wear a silk handkerchief, or something equally warm, underneath the body. The other Garibaldi is low in the neck. Its dimensions are: length of skirt, twelve inches; length of body, fourteen inches down the front, one and a halfinch on the shoulder, and eleven inches under the arms ; length of body behind, twelve inches; length of puff for sleeve, fourteen inches ; depth of puff for sleeve, five inches ; length of sleeve-band, nine inches. Take the pattern, in lining, of one of the child's low frocks, see that it fits nicely, and is sufficiently long waisted. Then cut out a high body, arrange it over the low lining, and cut it off round the neck to the shape of the lining, allowing it to hang, both back and front, nicely over the skirt. After gathering the top of the neck to the size of the lining, it should be corded, and finished off with a little worked tucker tacked down. The dress is made to fasten behind-the lining, by means of hooks and eyes, and the loose body by buttons and button-holes. The sleeve consists of a full puff put into a band, and trimmed with work. A small pointed epaulet ornaments the top of the sleeve. A sash is also worn with this little costume, which gives it a dressy and pretty finish.

THE SECRET OF A CHARMING MANNER.-Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine chats thus upon this subject :-" There are two sorts of fine manners- the one, which expresses an easy sense of fitness for every company, lofty, a shade supercilious, but really good; the other, which confers benefit on others, and which must proceed from deeper and kindlier sources than self-appreciation, self-respect, and the habit of good company. One which, if it does not imply a more excellent nature than common, shows a nature whose best qualities are now within our reach-a gift to societythe manner which conveys to us the idea that we are worth 496

TABLE. pleasing, that we have inspired an interest, and waked sympathy. We rise in our own opinion in such a presence; we feel ourselves appreciated, our powers are quickened, we are at ease, and show ourselves at our best. What is it that makes some women so charming-some men so plea sant? What quality that diffuses an aroma, an influence as of rose-leaves about them? that manifests itself in hands that receive us with graceful warmth, in eyes that beam with kindly pleasure, in smiles so genuine, so tender-in the general radiance of reception? What a benignant sunshine of welcome ! how soothing to be cared for! how easily the time passes ! And what constitutes this charm? for we are not supposing it to arise from any deep moral or intellectual superiority, which, truth to say, does not often exhibit itself in this way. Surely it is a natural sweetness, an inherent tenderness of sympathy-pervading rather than deep- acting upon a desire to please. There are some persons on whom society acts almost chemically, compelling them to be charming. It is part of themselves to meet advances, to labor in their graceful way, to create a favorable impression and to give pleasure ; and yet, perhaps, our arrival was, after all, ill-timed-our approach at least was not welcome-we interrupted, we necessitated an effort. If at night we could overhear our friend's summary of the day, we might find ourselves classed as one of its troubles and hindrances : and, as we have said, we might unjustly feel a twinge of ill-usage. But is it not something not to have been made uncomfortable at the time- to have spent a happy hour instead of sitting on thorns, as with certain of our acquaintances we should certainly have been made to do? They are not necessarily more sincere because they take no pains to conceal that we are in their way. The kindly welcomer has been as true to his character all the while as our surly friend has been to his. It would have cost too much ; it would have been impossible for him to be ungracious. Thus he is neither insincere, for he has sincerely wished to please, nor, what might seem the other alternative, affected, for he has been acting according to nature."

FLANNEL.- Flannel should be worn, in summer and winter, during the day, but should be taken off at night. In summer it allows the perspiration to pass off without condensing upon the skin, and prevents the evil effects of the rapid changes of temperature, to which we are liable in our changeable climate, when out of doors. In winter, as a non-conductor of heat, it is a protection against cold. At night the flannel jacket or jersey should be exposed to a free current of air and allowed thoroughly to dry; it should never be put in a heap of clothes by the bedside. Flannel is usually only worn over the chest and abdomen. PROTECTION AGAINST MOTHS.-The best security against the depredation of moths is to place the muff, boa, cuffs, etc., in a glazed-holland bag, and tie them closely up. Supposing them to be entirely free from the moth when thus enclosed, no harm can happen to them, as these winged destroyers cannot enter to lay their eggs. The moths that fly about in the dark do not destroy cloth of any kind. WARM AND COLD COLORS.-A subscriber asks the meaning of warm and cold colors. Warm colors are those which partake more or less of red ; cold colors are those fro which red is entirely absent. Blue is decidedly cold ; so is green, in a rather less degree. The warmest colors are red and orange.

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 SLATE EXERCISES

FOR THE LITTLE ONES.

495

under row pink, and both colors are put on in able this summer ; their comparative cheapness, full box-plaits. The strings at the back of the yet beauty, recommending them as especially head are of black and the bows of pink ribbon.suitable. The knot of hair is to pass between the upper We shall give another pattern, in a different and lower bow, and must, consequently, be style, in our next number ; for different dedressed quite low on the neck. Head-dresses scriptions of head-dresses are required for difof this description will be exceedingly fashion- ferent persons.

SLATE EXERCISES FOR THE LITTLE ONES. BY OUR JUVENILE EDITOR.

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 NERISSA

HEAD - DRESS.

BY MRS. JANE WEAVER.

THE Nerissa Head-dress, an engraving of band of milinette cut to fit the head, and which which we give above, is composed of black and is stiffened with cap wire. The upper row of ribbon is black and the pink ribbon. This head dress is made on a 494

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 CARD - CASE. BY MRS. JANE WEAVER. THE Card-Case is made of gray kid. The figure is formed of Solferino - velvet, in application, bordered with gold braid ; the lozenges and crosses are in gold bullion ; a black bead is placed in the center of each lozenge. Take two pieces of cardboard the same size as those of the outside ; cover them with Solferino-colored silk, and overseam them to the outside ; cover the seams with a gold cord. Join the two sides together with a piece of velvet. Attach a piece of ribbon to the top and bottom, just in the center. This keeps the cards in place.

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 492

MEDICI GIRDLE OF BLACK

VELVET AND LACE

at the side under the arm. A narrow quilling ferred. These are all very beautiful additions of ribbon can be used in place of lace, if pre- to dress, especially in summer.

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 DESIGN

FOR

SHIRT

FRONT.

BY MRS. JANE WEAVER. EMBROIDERED shirt fronts are now very fashionable. We give, accordingly, a new design for one, and shall continue to give others, . from month to month, in order that our fair readers may supply their brothers, husbands, or others with the latest styles of shirt fronts.

BOW, CUFF, GIRDLE

AND

BRACES.

BY MRS. JANE WEAVER.

BLACK velvet bows, cuffs, girdles and braces will be very popular this summer ; they are articles of dress which every lady can make for herself. We give engravings of each. The bow and cuff are edged with white opaque

beads ; and with a white, or bright-colored dress, they are very beautiful. The Medici girdle and braces, given on the next page, are of black velvet and lace. The girdle, or waistband, can be either laced up behind, or hooked 491

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 490

BOY'S JACKET AND PANTALOONS. www

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pantaloons by aid of the other. Directions for enlarging diagrams were given, it will be remembered, in a former number. The material for the suit must be determined by the taste of the parent and the season in which the clothes are to be worn. The engraving in the front of the number shows a pretty style for

braiding these suits. The first diagram, it will be observed, is that for the jacket ; the second is for the pantaloons. As this is the month for making children's clothes, we have selected quite a number of patterns, this month, for children's fashions, all new, pretty, and very fashionable.

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 BOY'S

JACKET

AND

PANTALOONS.

BY EMILY H. MAY.

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DIAGRAM FOR BOY'S JACKET. In the front of the number we give an engraving of a suit of clothes (jacket and pantaloons) for a little boy. This is one of the most fashionable styles this season. In order that VOL. XLI.-31

mothers may be able to make the suit themselves, or have it made under their directions, we give, here, two diagrams, by aid of one of which the jacket can be cut out, and the 489

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 PEN-WIPER.

BY MRS. JANE WEAVER. THIS pretty Pen-Wiper is made of gray or drab cloth, the scollops are of violet velvet, applique, also the ring in the center, the edges of which are finished with a fine gold cord. The squares in the center, the edges of the stars, the crosses at the stars, and the stems of flowers are made of gold thread. In the center of the stars, in every scollop, and at the end of the stems are sewn black beads. Line the Pen-Wiper with pieces of cloth, a trifle smaller than the outside : pink the edges. Place a button in the center. The outside cloth should be lined with a piece of heavy cloth, and the edge finished with gold cord. We give, below, a full-sized pattern for this Pen-Wiper.

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 EDITOR'S

TABLE.

and are sold for five or eight pounds the ounce. But the EDITORIAL CHIT - CHAT. old Romans prized them, dull as they are, beyond any with THE PEARL AND ITS LOCALITIES .-The pearl, so long a which they were acquainted ; and the pearls from the mystery, assumed to be, now the production of the celes- famous fishery in the river Irt commanded the best prices tial dew, now the eggs and now an excrescence in the flesh from the Roman jewelers. The British pearls are from the of the oyster, still retains something of its old undiscover- mussel, not the oyster; as are also the Bohemian, which ableness, though generally believed to be caused by some are likewise deficient in brilliancy and " orient." Pearls foreign body in the shell, whereby the fish is irritated, and are sometimes colored-black, and pink, and roseate, and e layers of nacreous withthis the offender coats over successiv so govern- bluish-gray, and pale yellow; but, though valuable in progot the theory, Linnæus, believing matter. portion to their rarity, they are surely not so beautiful as ment of Sweden to give him over two thousand dollars, and the true or typical pearl, the emblem of purity, chastity, leave to teaze the fresh-water mussel (pearl-bearing) at his and all feminine virtues - the lily among gems-the moonwill. He did so, and produced pearls; but far dearer than light where the opal is the star, the colored gems the the natural ones naturally obtained. And the Chinese, streaming meteors, and the lordly diamond the living cenever clever in cheating, do the same kind of thing with tral sun! It was Pompey who brought the taste for pearls their pearl-oysters, and do actually get false pearls, not into Europe, and it was Catherine de Medicis, and her rival nearly so good as the true. Pearls do not appear naturally Diana de Poitiers, who carried it to its height : as did Louis until the fourth year, and when got are found to be nothing XIV. the taste for diamonds, and the impoverished purses but carbonate of lime and gelatine. A little carbonate of of the Restoration that for the lovely bit ofgypsum known lime and gelatine, in successive concentric layers like an as satin-stone. Pearls are religious emblems as well as onion, the whole soul of the peerless pearl ! Pearl-fisheries fashionable favorites : in the New Jerusalem each of the are of great antiquity, and those at Ceylon were the most twelve doors was one sole pearl ; and a pearl was one ofthe famous. The Red Sea had once a large trade in the pearl- sacred gems of the ephod; while in the Hindu mythology fisheries ; but the yield was exhausted centuries ago. The pearls play almost as important a part as flowers, none of chief fishing-grounds at the present day are on the coasts the gods or goddesses being depicted without a profuse emof Coromandel and Algeria, Ceylon and the Sooloo Islands. bellishment of these gems, and those more rightfully called The finest pearls come from Bahrein, whence the best are precious stones. Indeed, precious stones are incorporated sent to Europe, and the smallest to China, where they are into all religions, and made to represent the noblest meanThe fishing-season sold for medicinal byinweight of April, andings and the divinest attributes ; while savage and civilized and lastspurposes. till the middle begins February nations alike hold them as among the most precious ciris managed with great circumstance of care and guardian- cumstances of human life. ship. Nevertheless there are often fatal accidents from sharks, notwithstanding the confidence of the shark-doctors SALADS AND SUMMER SOURS.-The Journal of Health says and the credulity of the divers. A good diver will remain that physiological research establishes the fact, that acids from four to six minutes under water, but the average time promote the separation ofthe bile from the blood, which is is two minutes and a half. They stuff their ears with cotthen passed from the system, thus preventing fevers, the ton-wool moistened with oil, and drop a little oil into their All fevers are "bilious," mouth and nostrils also. They are bred to the trade from prevailing diseases of summer. Whatever is antagonistic is, the bile is in the blood. infancy, and live in it to quite old age ; so that it is not un- that of fever is cooling. It is a common saying that fruits are healthy though perilous. When the oysters are brought "cooling," and also berries of every description ; it is beup, they are all thrown into a mass together, and left there cause the acidity which they contain aids in separating the for days to decay, so that the gem may be the more easily bile from the blood-that is, aids in purifying the blood. detached: a disgusting process, and one at which the very Hence the great yearning for greens, and lettuce, and imagination revolts. If left too long in this foul putrid salads in the early spring, these being eaten with vinegar ; mass, the pearls become yellow, and lose their purity of hence, also, the taste for something sour, for lemonades, on shine and color. When detached, they are shaken through an attack of fever. But, this being the case, it is easy to sieves of successive fineness, those with the largest inter- see that we nullify the good effect of fruit and berries in stices stopping only the largest pearls. and so on through proportion as we eat them with sugar, or even with sweet all the ten sizes down to the small grains called seed-pearls, milk or cream. Ifwe eat them in their natural state, fresh, which, if not very valuable, are yet very pretty when well ripe, perfect, it is almost impossible to eat too many, or eat wrought. Pearls are rounded and polished only by pearl- enough to hurt us, especially if we eat them alone, not dust; and the best are pear-shaped, like the famous jewel taking any liquid with them whatever. Hence, also, is which "Old Egypt," in her wanton pride, drank in that buttermilk, or even common milk, promotive of health in royal draught of costly acid. Pearls are subject to a strange summer time. Sweet milk tends to biliousness in sedendisease, which is communicable ; and not unfrequently all tary people ; sour milk is antagonistic. The Greeks and the pearls in a casket are attacked by it, whereby in a short Turks are passionately fond of milk. The shepherds use time they are reduced to dust ; as was said of the magnifi- rennet, and the milkdealers alum to make it sour the cent parures belonging to the present French Empress. sooner. Buttermilk acts like water melons on the system. Pearls should not be wrapped in jewelers' wool, but should be kept in magnesia or common hair-powder, and never THEY STILL COME."-Subscribers continue to pour in for suffered to get damp. A few pearls, of no great value, have from time to time been found in Ireland and other parts of " Peterson's." Ourons.success, this year, hass"exceeded our In fact, " Peterson' has come to expectati the British Isles ; the most celebrated of which is Lady highest d into a family, d Glenlealy's, for which she refused eighty pounds : but in be a househol necessity. Once introduce general British pearls are what are called brock pearls, it is found to be indispensable. 342

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 REVIEW

OF

SKATING INTO LOVE.-We don't know who wrote the following, or we would give him credit for a " good thing." He says of himself that he is a bachelor, who had held out against pic-nics, moonlight, and sea-shore, but who had, at last, to succumb to skates. "Well, sir, this Mary caught the skating fever, which is now raging so fearfully. I heard her express a wish for a pair of skates, and the next day she had the best pair that conld be found in the city, and nobody knows who sent them to her. We went down upon the ice, and there that little devil of a Mary just sat quietly down, ordered me on my knees, and quietly placed that foot, the foot, in my lap, and bade me put on her skates. Sir, had Venus dropped down from Olympus and bade me rub her down with rottenstone and oil, it could not have astonished me more than when that divine foot was placed in my unworthy lap. I felt very faint, but I buckled on the skate, and stood up with Mary by my side. Have you ever taught a woman to skate? Now let me tell you. You've seen a kaleidoscope, with a few old bits of glass, etc., in a tin tube, and turning it, have seen all sorts of beautiful figures. "Just imagine a kaleidoscope, and in place of beads and brcken glass, please substitute blue eyes, curving eyelashes, ivory lips, wavy hair, crinoline, gaiter boots, zephyr worsted, cupids, hearts, darts, a clap of thunder, a flash of lightning, and ' auld Nick .' Imagine yourself the center of system, with all these things revolving around you, and a violet bank breathing sighs upon you all the while, and you have Mary and her victim in the first skating lesson. Mary and I start she on my left arm-all square. First, Mary's dear little gaiter boots present themselves to my astonished vision, and before I have time to wonder how they came up before me, I feel them pressing their blessed beauty, with emphasis, into the pit of my stomach. Next scenewavy hair, with thirty-dollar bonnet and a divine head, comes pitching into my waistcoat with such force that Í feel the buttons against my spine. "Next Mary gazes at me from between myjack boots, and anon, her blessed little nose is thrust into my shirt bosom. Ah ! my friend, all research and study of the mysterious subject of woman has been comparatively in vain, till, in this eventful year of 1861, the fashion of skating has opened new and various sources of information. Do you remember your first attempt at driving tandem? Do you remember that perverse beast that you selected for a leader would insist on turning short round and staring you in the face, as ifto ask, ' What the deuce you'd be at!" Well,just you go and try a woman on skates, that's all-just try it. Ah ! won't you come to the conclusion that women have tundry and divers ways of accomplishing their objects? Dear Mary! I offered myself to her every time she turned up or came around. I'm hers." GARDEN HINTS.-The best edging for the beds of a kitchen garden is strawberry plants. Parsley also makes a very good edging, and comes in very useful for culinary purposes. As regards the Paths, the following is the best way to construct them:-Screen the gravel of which they are at present made from the loam which is mixed with it, and to every part of clean gravel add one of sharp river sand. To five parts of such equal mixture add one of Portland cement, and incorporate the whole well in the dry state before applying the water. It may be then laid on two inches thick. Any laborer can mix and spread it. No tool is required beyond the spade, and in forty-eight hours it becomes as hard as a rock. Vegetation cannot grow through or upon it, and it resists the action of the severest frost. It is necessary, as water does not soak through it, to give a fall from the center of the path toward the sides.

OUR MARCH NUMBER. - Says the New Lisbon (Wisconsin) Republican :-"We are in receipt of the King of Magazines for March. As usual, Peterson outstrips all his competitors in the issue of his household treasure. The beautiful engraving of the Two Little Monkeys' is well got up, and reflects great credit on the publisher. All should be in possession of this highly useful Magazine." THE SOLDIER OF 76 RETURNING AT PEACE.-This is a match picture to the one published in our March number, "The Soldier of '76 Leaving Home."

NEW

BOOKS.

343

A MAGAZINE ESSENTIAL IN A FAMILY.-Says the Western New Yorker :-" Peterson's Magazine should have been commended to our readers last week, if it hadn't been in such demand by the ladies as to prevent our examining it. It fully sustains its reputation as one of the most deserving Ladies' Magazines ever published. Either in illustrations or reading matter, we do not know its superior. Gentlemen should reflect that not newspapers alone are essential for family reading. A magazine of this character has its place which nothing else can fill." That is true. Every husband should subscribe for a good magazine for his wife. COLORED STOCKINGS.-Colored stockings still continue to be patronized by the fashionable ladies of French society. Red ones are much less worn than hitherto; those spotted with pink, blue, or white peas, small bluebells, rosebuds, or violets are more general; but the neatest are those marked with narrow horizontal black and white or other colored stripes.

TO IMPROVE THE MEMORY.-The best way to remember anything is thoroughly to understand it, and often to recall it to mind. By reading continually, with great attention, and never leaving a passage without comprehending it well, we cannot fail to improve the memory. CAUGHT IN THE SNOW-STORM.-This spirited engraving tells its own story.

REVIEW OF NEW BOOKS. Margret Howth. A Story of To-Day. 1 vol., 12 mo. Boston : Ticknor & Fields.-It may seem exaggeration to say so, but the writer of this volume, if she sustains the promises held forth in " Margret Howth," will eventually be acknowledged, by our best critics, to be the foremost female novelist America has yet had. We speak of the anonymous author as a woman. On this point, we have, in confirmation of our own opinion, the verdict of Dr. R. Shelton Mackenzie, the well-known annotator of the "Noctes Ambrosianæ," and now the literary editor of the "Philadelphia Press," who says: "No man could have drawn the character, showing us the heart of the heroine, nor created such a being as poor Lois, that truest of good Christians with weak brain but strong and noble spirit and faith." The book is full, however, of proofs that only a woman, and one of the truest womanliness also, could have been its author. And yet, in its vigorous style, its strong characterization, and its powerful thought, it shows a masculine force, which might be considered impossible in a female, if we did not recollect that genius has no sex, but is, in reality, dual. More than this, there is, in " Margret Howth," a large charity, rarely seen in modern writers, a charity, which, while holding fast to its own opinions, is tolerant and forgiving. Shakspeare, more than all others, had this broad charity. Our present author, tolerant and loving to all of human kind as she is, is not so merely be cause she is a woman. Her charity is of the head as much as of the heart. On some of the deepest problems that agitate humanity she has evidently thought much and deeply; and she has come back, from the solemn quest, more reverent than ever, more full of heaven-like faith, yet also more pitying than before. This, however, has not, as it might be feared, weakened her as a writer. Such characters as Holmes and Knowles, in their robust strength and their originality, exist nowhere, in the novels of female writers, except in those of Charlotte Bronte; and we would say that Holmes and Knowles are more powerful creations than even the best of Charlotte Bronte's, if we were not afraid of being considered too eulogistic. Plainly, this author, womanly and even young as we believe her to be,

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 344

PARLOR AMUSEMENTS.

has lived where individuality is marked, and has probed Mistakes of Educated Men. By John S. Hart, LL. D. some of the deepest recesses of some of the strongest na- Editor of the Sunday-School Times, and late Principal of tures. In descriptive power, also, this writer is superior.the Philadelphia High School. 12 mo., muslin gilt. Price What others do by elaborate delineation she brings out by 50 cents ; paper covers 25 cents. Published by J. C. Garri a few bold dashes of the pencil. Hers is, everywhere, gues, 148 South Fourth street, Philadelphia.-In a former what artists call the broad style. She writes idiomatic, number we noticed, at some length, this very excellent picturesque English, so terse, at times, that it is hardly work. We are now glad to herald a new and more elegant continuous : you see her thoughts, as you see a landscape edition, handsomely bound in cloth, or paper, as purchasers in a thunder-storm, only by broken flashes of lightning. may prefer. The book ought to have a large sale. But we must close. It would give us pleasure, if we had Charles O'Malley. By Charles Lever. 1 vol., 8 vo. more space, to analyze thoroughly this new genius, who Philada: T. B. Peterson & Brothers.-A new edition of has, so suddenly, risen in our midst, and who, if she re- this popular novel, the best military one ever written. mains as faithful and pains-taking an artist as she has The cover is handsomely illustrated in gold, red, white, shown herself to be in " Margret Howth," will eventually and blue, adding much to the material attractiveness of be confessed to be the greatest of American novelists. The the book. Price fifty cents. volume is very handsomely printed. A Strange Story. By E. L. Bulwer. 1 vol., 8 vo. New York: Harper & Brothers.- A cheap edition of Bulwer's PARLOR AMUSEMENTS. last novel. The name is well chosen ; for the tale, though THE WAISTLE.A whistle with a string attached to it is not undistinguished by the writer's usual ability, deals to be fastened to the back of one of the company secretly so much with the improbable, if not the impossible, that it is the strangest of strange stories. There is a fashion, and without his knowledge. He is to be placed in the however, in literature, as in all things else. Just now the centre of a circle of the players, and another whistle is to supernatural is fashionable. The old days of " The Castle be shown him, which he is told to find where it is. When ofOtranto" and " The Mysteries of Udolpho" have returned, his back is turned, some one who is behind him seizes the only the supernatural element now is varied in character. whistle, blows it and drops it quickly ; he hearing it will turn around instantly, when another person must blow it The present novel will, consequently, have a large sale. again, and so keep him constantly turning around and Of all living writers, Bulwer, in spite of his affectation of about in hopes to find the.whistle which he supposes to be high art, follows most the taste of the hour. He began with " Pelham," when Byronism still lingered in society; passing from hand to hand around the circle. LITTLE WHO CAN'T DO THIS.-This is played SHE CAN wrote "The Last of the Barons," when the historical school tongs. The one who understands it places her left still had its votaries; culminated in " My Novel," after with hand on the knob of the tongs and the other one on one of stories of every-day-life had become popular ; and now exlegs; she then knocks the tongs on the floor three times, hibits his versatility, though hardly his genius, in this tale, its saying, " She can do little who can't do this." The next a sort of hotch-potch, as lawyers would say, of mesmerism, person then takes them, knocks on the floor and repeats clairvoyance, and Arabian magic. The volume is sold for the words, and if not acquainted with the play, has not the low price of twenty-five cents probably held them in the proper manner; the tongs are The Flower of the Prairie. By Gustave Aimard. 1 vol., then passed on to all of the company in turn, each one 8vo. Philada: T. B. Peterson & Brothers.-The author of trying to do it right, but few will chance to hold them exthis novel is a Frenchman, who is said to have spent many actly as the first one did. But if any are familiar with the years of his life among our North American Indians, and play, they must not tell the others until all have tried it. whose fictitious narratives, in which they figure, are de- Forfeits can be exacted of all who fail to do it correctly. clared to be as popular in France as Cooper's novels are in the United States. The story before us, which has been translated from the French, is certainly full of adventures SCIENTIFIC RECREATIONS. spiritedly told. Action, action, action is the law of the BEAUTIES OF CRYSTALLIZATION.-Dissolve alum in hot book. Messrs. Peterson & Brothers, we understand, design issuing a series of these novels, many even superior to water until no more can be dissolved in it ; place in it a "The Flower of the Prairie." The venture, we think, smooth glass rod and a stick of the same size ; next day, must be a highly successful one. The public mind is in the stick will be found covered with crystals, but the glass crystals cling the mood for novels of exciting incident. Price fifty cents. rod will be free from them: in this case, the to the rough surface of the stick, but have no hold upon The Harbinger ofHealth ; Containing Medical Prescrip- the smooth surface of the glass rod. But if the rod be tions for the human body and mind. By Andrew Jackson roughened with a file at certain intervals, and then placed Davis. 1 vol., 12 mo. New York: A. J. Davis & Co.- This in the alum and water, the crystals will adhere to the work contains many valuable suggestions in regard to rough surfaces, and leave the smooth bright and clear. avoiding disease. They are mixed up, indeed, with the Tie some threads of lamp-cotton irregularly around a peculiar ideas of the author; but it is easy to separate the copper wire or glass rod ; place it in a hot solution of blue wheat from the chaff, and the result is really worth the vitriol, strong as above, and the threads will be covered trouble. It is indisputable that health, as Mr. Davis de- with beautiful blue crystals, while the glass rod will be clares, is best secured by good food, regular exercise, and bare. the avoidance of all excesses whether of body or of mind; Bore a hole through a piece of coke, and suspend it by a in a word, as the old adage says, " an ounce of prevention string from a stick, placed across a hot solution of alum ; it is worth a pound of cure." T. B. Peterson & Brothers are will float, but, as it becomes loaded with crystals, it will the Philadelphia agents of the work. sink in the solution according to the length of the string. The National School of the Soldier. By Capt. W. N. Gas-coke has mostly a smooth, shining, and almost metallic Van Ness. 1 vol., 18 mo. New York: Carleton.- This is surface, which the crystals will avoid, while they will cling an elementary work on military tactics. It conforms to only to the most irregular and porous parts. Ifcrystals be formed on wire, they will be liable to break the army regulations, adopted and approved by the War Department, and is arranged in questions and answers. off, from the expansion and contraction of the wire by The whole volume is comprised in seventy-five pages. changes of temperature.

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 RECEIPTS FOR RECEIPTS FOR MEATS, ETC. Lobster Salad.- For the Dressing.-Oil in proportion of two tablespoonfuls to one of vinegar, one teaspoonful of made mustard, the yolks of two eggs, cayenne and salt to taste, quarter of a teaspoonful of anchovy sauce. These ingredients should be mixed perfectly smooth and form a creamy-looking sauce. Wash the salad, thoroughly dry it by shaking in a cloth, cut up the lettuces and endive, pour the dressing on them, and lightly throw in the small salad. Mix all well together, with the pickings from the body of the lobster; pick the meat from the shell, cut it up into nice square pieces, put half in the salad, the other half reserve for garnishing. Separate the yolks from the whites of the two boiled eggs, chop the whites very fine, and rub the yolks through a sieve, and, afterward, the coral from the inside of the lobster. Arrange the salad lightly on a glass dish, and garnish- first with a row of sliced cucumber, then with the pieces of lobster; the yolks and whites of the eggs, coral, and beetroot placed alternately, and arranged in small, separate bunches, so that the colors contrast nicely. To Hash Beef.-Ifthe meat is raw, hang it till it is quite tender; then cut some thin slices, and put them into a stewpan with just water enough to cover them, a bunch of sweet-herbs, an onion, and a little pepper and salt ; cover the stewpan close, and let them stew till tender : then put in a glass of port wine, and a tablespoonful of shalot vinegar. When it is warm, pour the gravy through a hair sieve to clear it from the herbs and vegetables ; then put it back into the saucepan with the hash, and thicken it with butter kneaded in flour, with a little brown sugar. This is an excellent dish, and may be made from the trimmings of large joints of meat. Ifthe meat has been cooked, mince a shalot and an onion ; fry in a little butter ; then add a spoonful of flour, a little gravy, and a spoonful of walnut liquor or ketchup. When it boils, put in the slices of beef cut thin ; let them get hot through, but not boiled. Sliced potatoes and onions may be added if approved. Observe that it is owing to boiling hashes or minces that they get hard. All sorts of stews, or meat dressed a second time, should be only simmered. To Boil Tripe.- Put it into hot milk and water, an equal quantity of each; milk may be entirely omitted, or that used in which it may have been soaked; let it boil until quite tender. Boil several large onions in two waters, s0 as to diminish their flavor; or if Spanish onions can be got, they should be preferred. When quite tender, slice the onions into small flakes, but leave them in that state, and do not mash them into smooth sauce ; put the onions into a casserole with milk and butter, so as to make a delicate white sauce, and season it only with a little salt, or a slight grating of nutmeg ; then put the tripe, hot from the pot, into a deep dish, and smother it entirely with the sauce. It is usually eaten with pepper and mustard. Oyster-sauce is sometimes used, and much approved. To Stuff a Leg of Mutton.- Take a leg of mutton, cut off all the fat, take the bone carefully out and preserve the skin whole; take out the meat and mince it fine; mince with it about one pound of fat bacon and some parsley ; season the whole well with pepper and salt, and a small quantity of shalot or chives chopped fine ; then put the meat into the skin and sew it up on the under side : put it into a stewpan with a little gravy made from the bones, two or three slices of veal, some sliced carrots and onions, a bunch of parsley, and a few slices of fat bacon; let it stew for three or four hours, and drain the liquor through a fine sieve ; when reduced to a glaze, glaze the mutton with it and serve in stewed French beans. Minced Mutton as Rissoles.-Enclose the minced meat in a paste or browning of egg and crumbs of bread but season it as if for forcemeat.

MEATS, ETC.

345

Bubble-and-Squeak.-Cut slices from a cold boiled round or rump of beef; let them be fried quickly until brown, and put them into a dish to be kept hot. Clean the pan from the fat; put into it greens and carrots previously boiled and chopped small, or, instead of these, large onions sliced thin and fried, though sometimes only greens are used. Add a little butter, pepper, and salt ; make the vegetables very hot, and put them round the beef with a little gravy. Cold boiled pork is thought by some to be a better material for bubble-and-squeak than beef, which is sometimes hard. In either case the slices should be very thin, and lightly fried. An Irish Stew.-Cut six rather thick chops from the loin ; when the square ends of the bones are cut off, these will probably weigh two pounds ; lay them in an iron pot, and put four pounds of sliced potatoes, placed in layers, with the chops, and half a dozen small onions, with about a quart of water ; cover the pan closely, and let them stew on a moderate fire for two hours, or until the potatoes have become nearly a mash, and absorbed all the water and gravy of the meat ; the chops will then be found very tender, and the potatoes rich with the fat. The stew should be eaten hot, but without any kind of sauce. Miroton of Veal.- Chop very fine some cold dressed veal and ham or bacon ; mix it with a slice of crumb of bread soaked in milk and squeezed dry, two onions chopped and browned, a little salt, pepper, and a little cream. Put all these ingredients into a stewpan until they are hot, and are well mixed together; then add one or two eggs according to the quantity, butter a mould, put in the whole, and bake it in an oven until it is brown ; turn it out of the mould, and serve with fresh gravy. Blanquette of Lamb.-Cut the best part of the breast of small lamb into square pieces of two inches cach; wash, dry, and flour them. Having boiled four ounces of butter, one of fat bacon, and some parsley, ten minutes, put the meat to it: add the juice of half a lemon, an onion cut small, pepper and salt. Simmer the whole two hours ; then put in the yolks of two eggs, shake the pan over the fire two minutes, and serve. Pigs Feet and Ears Soused.-Clean carefully and soak them some hours, then boil them tender; having prepared a pickle of some of the liquor that they were boiled in, and a quarter part ofvinegar and salt, boiled, pour it over them cold. When they are to be dressed, dry them, cut the feet in two, slice the ears, and fry them. Serve with butter, mustard, and vinegar, in a boat. They may be dipped in batter, or only floured. Pigs' Feet and Ears Fricasseed. -Take feet and ears that have been boiled, but not kept in pickle wherein was vinegar ; boil them tender in milk, cut the feet into neat bits, and the ears into strips of half inch wide ; wipe them, and simmer in veal broth, with a bit of onion, mace, and lemonpeel. Before you serve, add a little cream, flour, and butter. Tripe.-Tripe may be dressed in several ways, but, whatever mode may be employed, it will always be found an improvement to soak it for a whole night in milk. Indeed, if left in the milk until it gets sour, the acidity thus imparted to it will render it still better.

DESSERTS, ETC. Mother Eve's Pudding.-Grate three-quarters of a pound of bread; mix it with the same quantity of chopped suet, the same of apples and also of currants ; mix with these the whole of four eggs, and the rind of half a lemon shred fine. Put it into a shape ; boil three hours and serve with pudding-sauce, the juice of half a lemon, and a little nutmeg.

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DESSERTS, ETC.

RECEIPTS

FOR SOUPS.

Rhubarb Pic or Tart.- Take the stalks from the leaves, Green Pea Soup.-Boil in salt water, over a slow fire, a and peel off the thin skin ; cut them into pieces about an quart of freshly-gathered large green peas, with a handful inch long, and as you do so sprinkle a little fine sugar into of parsley, sorrel, and a few chives, until they become the basin. For a quart basin, heaped, take one pound of thoroughly stewed ; drain and pound them in the mortar common lump-sugar; put the rhubarb into it, with a table- until made into a puree, which mix gradually into veal or spoonful of water, and as it simmers shake the pau often beef broth : if that of beef, seasoned only with pepper and over the fire. It will turn yellow at first, but keep it very salt ; but if of veal, with mace and a very little refined gently doing until it greens, and then take it off. When sugar. Have ready some leeks and lettuce that have been cold lay it in the tart-dish, with only as much syrup as boiled, but not to a pulp, and fry them in butter along with will make it very moist. Put a light crust over it, and some slices of bread cut into dice; put them into the soup when that is baked the tart will be done enough ; quarter just before sending it up ; add a few heads of boiled aspathe crust, and fill the dish with custard or cream. Many ragus when in season; or if not, hop-tops are a tolerable persons think the flavor of the rhubarb injured by taking substitute. Chopped mint is also served with it. The bread is frequently sent to the table separately. The soroff the peel. An Apple Charlotte.- Pare and slice a quantity of apples ; rel will give a very delicate flavor of acidity to the soup; cut off the crust of a loaf, and cut slices of bread and butter. but care should be taken never to acquire this flavor by Butter the inside of a pie-dish, and place bread and butter adding vinegar to any kind of pea, lentil, or farinaceous all around ; then put in a layer of apples sprinkled with pulse soup, as it will occasion it to curdle. Clear Gravy Soup is made from solid lean beef, in the lemon-peel chopped very fine, and a considerable quantity of good brown sugar. Then put on a layer of bread and proportion of one pint of water to one pound of meat and butter, and another of apples, lemon-peel, and sugar, until two ounces of ham ; strain it through a napkin, to free it the dish is full, squeezing over the juice of lemons, so that from the shreds of meat and vegetables. Boil the vegetaevery part shall be equally flavored. Cover up the dish bles separately a few hours before dinner, in a portion of with the crusts of the bread and the peels of the apples, to the broth, and add them to the soup. When soup is suffiprevent it from browning or burning: bake it one hour and ciently boiled on the first day, all that it requires on the a quarter; then take off the peels and the crust, and turn second is to make it thoroughly hot. Many persons prefer it out of the dish. boiling all the vegetables in the soup on the first day, thinkCheese Puffs.- Strain cheese-curd from the whey, anding that they improve its flavor. This may be done in beat half a pint of it fine in a mortar, with one and a half common soup that is not to be strained, but should never spoonful of flour, three eggs, but only one white, a spoon- be done if you wish it to be very bright and clear. It ful of orange-flower water, quarter of a nutmeg, and sugar should be of a clear amber color, without any artificial to make it pretty sweet; lay a little of this paste, in very browning; but if wanted of a deep color, a burnt onion will small round cakes, on a tin plate. Ifthe oven is hot, quar- suffice. This soup is, in fact, the foundation of all those ter of an hour will bake them. Serve with pudding-sauce. made from beef: the great secret of making it being, " not To those who make cheese, these puffs are not bad ; but to spare the meat," and to boil it slowly. Macaroni Soup.-Take a quart ofgravy soup; break two they are hardly worth the trouble of preparing the curd. Transparent Crust for Tarts.-Beat an egg till it be ounces of Naples macaroni into pieces of little more than quite thin; have ready twelve ounces of the purest well- an inch long, putting them, by degrees, into a small porwashed butter, without salt, melted without being oiled ; tion of the boiling soup, to prevent them from sticking and when cool mix the egg with it, and stir it into one together, and let them boil until quite tender, but not soft pound of fine flour well dried. Make the paste very thin; or pulpy-from fifteen to twenty minutes if quite fresh, but line the pattypans as quickly as you can, and, when put- nearly half an hour if at all stale. Vermicelli is used in ting the tarts into the oven, brush them over with water, the same manner. They will improve the consistence of and sift sugar on them. If they are baked in a lightly the soup if the quantity above stated be added; but it is useless, and does not look well, to see, as at some tables, heated oven, they will look beautiful. Baked Rice Pudding for a Family.- Put into a very only a few strings of it floating in the tureen. The flavor deep pan half-pound of rice washed and picked, two ounces will also be much improved if a small quantity of Parmesan ofbutter, four ounces of sugar, and two quarts of milk, with cheese be either melted in it, or grated and served up sepaa little cinnamon powder. Eggs are not necessary, but a rately. Spring Soup.- Take any or all sorts of green vegetables, little veal suet or marrow, chopped small, is a great imsea-kale, asparagus-tops, green peas, spinach, lettuce, and provement. Bake in a slow oven. New England Pancakes.-Mix a pint of cream, five sorrel, with mustard and cress, chives, and young onions, spoonfuls offine flour, seven yolks and four whites of eggs, to which gherkins and cucumbers may be added as the and a very little salt; fry them very thin in fresh butter, season advances. Stew them in any kind of good broth, and between each strew sugar and cinnamon. Send up either until they can be made into a puree, which is by far six or eight at once the best way, or they may be chopped small and left in the soup, but not boiled quite so much as when meant to be pulped. RECEIPTS FOR SOUPS. Thick Spring Soup.- Have ready washed and picked a RECEIPTS FOR VEGETABLES. bunch of spring onions, some carrots, lettuces, chervil, spinach, parsley, thyme, sorrel, mint, and asparagus ; put Asparagus. Scrape the buds, and cut the white stalk off them in a stewpan, with a slice of butter; let it sweat for about six inches from the head; throw them into cold water, half an hour on a brisk fire, stirring it occasionally ; have and, after soaking, tie them in small bundles and boil them ready some French rolls that have been previously soaked rather quickly. If overdone, the heads will be broken. in water and squeezed dry, sufficient to thicken the soup ; Toast a slice of bread very brown on both sides, and, when fill it up with good broth made of any kind of meat; let it the asparagus is done, take it very carefully up, dip the nearly boil, skim, and pass it through a sieve; season with toast quickly in the water, and lay the heads upon it, leava little salt and sugar; garnish with asparagus points; iting the white ends outward, each way, and pour melted should be very green. butter over the toast and green parts.

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 VEGETABLE AND MISCELLANEOUS RECEIPTS. Green Peas.-Boil them very fast in plenty of water, with the lid off the stewpan ; the water should be moderately salted. They are unfit for eating when they become hard and yellowish; but, when growing rather old, a very small quantity of carbonate of ammonia put into the water, with two or three lumps of loaf-sugar, will greatly improve them. The old English method of putting a sprig of mint, or a little parsley, is still a good practice, and ought to be continued unless specially forbidden ; or the mint may be chopped and put round the dish. A few bits of raw butter should also be put into the peas when boiled, and a dust of pepper and salt thrown over them if they be completely ripe; but if quite young, neither butter, salt, nor pepper should be added to them, but a teaspoonful of pounded white sugar. When growing to maturity, the pods are of different ages, and young and old peas should not be boiled together. Sift them, therefore, from each other, and put the old ones into the water some minutes sooner than the young; they require from fifteen to twenty minutes' boiling. To Fricassee. Scrape the asparagus clean, and, having steeped it in cold water, cut off the eatable portion. To fifty heads add one head of endive, a young lettuce, and a few chives, all three chopped ; put them into a stewpan, with two ounces of butter ; shake the pan while the butter is melting, and then dredge in a little flour, and season with pepper and salt ; continue to shake the pan, and pour in a cupful of gravy ; stew the whole until the sauce is very rich and thick, and then serve it up. To Boil Rice. The great art in boiling rice is to keep every grain separate. The pot should, therefore, be kept on a strong fire, so as to keep the water in a constant boil, as this motion will prevent the grains from sticking together. It should be left uncovered, and close attention is necessary, on the part of the cook, to watch the rice ; take it off the fire the moment it is done; strain and dry it immediately. Lecks. They are generally looked upon as a species of onion, and, as such, commonly employed in the same manner, though rather milder in flavor. If boiled in separate waters, changing it three or four times, until stewed quite tender, then served in white sauce, or quartered and placed upon toast like asparagus, they will eat nearly, if not quite, as delicate. Buttered Cabbage.-Boil the cabbage with a quantity of onions; then chop them together, season with pepper and salt, and fry them in butter. It is a rather homely, but savory, dish, and frequently used either with fried sausages laid over it, or as an accompaniment to roast-beef, and forms part of bubble-and-squeak. Spinach. Wash it well in different waters, pick off the decayed leaves, and boil it quickly in a large quantity of water and salt for a quarter of an hour ; when done, squeeze it very dry, chop it, put it into the dish, and pour melted butter over it; season it with pepper and salt.

MISCELLANEOUS RECEIPTS. To Whitewash.-Put some lumps of quick-lime into a bucket of cold water, and stir it about till dissolved and mixed, after which a brush with a large head and a long handle to reach the ceiling of the room is used to spread it thinly on the walls, etc. When dry, it is beautifully white, but its known cheapness has induced the plasterers to substitute a mixture of glue size and whiting for the houses of their opulent customers; and this, when once used, precludes the employment of lime-washing ever after; for the latter, when laid on whiting, becomes yellow. Whitewashing is an admirable manner of rendering the dwellings of the poor clean and wholesome.

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To Extract Grease from Cloth.- Take off the grease with the nail, or, if that cannot be done, have a hot iron with some thick brown paper ; lay the paper on the part where the grease is, then put the iron upon the spot ; if the grease comes through the paper, put on another piece, till it does not soil the paper. If not all out wrap a little piece of cloth or flannel round the finger; dip it into spirits of wine, and rub the grease-spot. To Remove Bugs, etc.-The bedsteads ought to be taken down three or four times a year, the screws rubbed with pure oil, and a good manual cleaning given in all its parts. This plan will render all poisonous mixtures unnecessary, besides saving all the trouble, filth, and expense consequent upon the use of those medicaments so much recommended by quacks, bug destroyers, etc. Transparent Cement.-The composition of this cement is caoutchouc, fifteen grains, chloroform, two ounces, and mastich, half an ounce. The two first-named ingredients are to be first mixed : after the gum is dissolved the mastich is added, and the whole allowed to macerate for a week. More of the caoutchouc may be applied where great elasticity is desirable. To Make Cement for Metals.-Take of gum mastich, ten grains, rectified spirits of wine, two drachms, add two ounces of strong isinglass glue made with brandy, and ten grains of true gum ammoniac. Dissolve all together, and keep it stopped in a phial. When intended to be used, set it in warm water. Food for Parrots.-Indian corn for a parrot must be well boiled, as, without this precaution, it swells, and becomes dangerous. Too much moist food is bad. Give hemp seed, canary seed, a little millet, and occasionally a pod of cayenne. Meat, or any oily matter, must be carefully avoided. To Color Alum Crystals.-Bright yellow crystals may be produced by boiling gamboge, saffron, or turmeric in the solution ; and purple ones by a similar use of logwood. To Preserve Furs.- When laying up muffs and tippets for the summer, if a tallow candle be placed on or near them, all danger of caterpillars will be obviated. To Extract Bitterness from Yeast.- Put into the yeast a red-hot wood coal ; or a clear bright-red coal cinder will be equally efficacious.

FASHIONS FOR APRIL. FIG. 1.- HOUSE DRESS OF DOVE-COLORED SILK.- The skirt is trimmed with five flounces, the alternate ones being of a darker shade than the others. Above the flounces is a ruche of the two shades of silk. The body is high and plain with a point in front. The cording of the dress and buttons are of the darker shade of silk. The sleeves are large and full, and trimmed around the points which are open with a ruche. Head-dress of lace and pink ribbon. FIG. II. DINNER DRESS OF A WHITE ORGANDIE STRIPED WITH GREEN.- The skirt is plain, and around the waist is a broad green sash. The cape is trimmed with a ruche of green ribbon. The sleeves are of very thin, plain white muslin. Head-dress of green ribbon. FIG. III.-EVENING DRESS OF THIN WHITE MULL OVER A MAUVE-COLORED SILK.-The under body is low with short sleeves. FIG. IV. MORNING DRESS for the country of buff pique trimmed with black velvet. FIG. V. SPRING BONNET, from Mrs. Cripps, 312 Canal street, New York, who has, as usual, the earliest novelties in shapes and styles. This month she gives us two most exquisite bonnets. The shape is much more flaring at the side than those of last fall and winter, and not so high at the top. The crowns are rounded slightly, making altogether the most becoming style we have had for some time

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FASHIONS FOR APRIL.

We have been asked to describe a dress suitable for a past. One we have selected is of fine split white straw, the edge is finished by a straw and jet gimp, the cape is of young lady. We give below one which is not very expenwhite tulle, bound by a green ribbon slightly frilled. Onsive, and can be modified according to the taste or purse of the center of the cape is a pointed piece of green silk edged the wearer. We must premise that the combination of with black thread lace, laid on in small plaits, and finished black and white is not at all confined to mourning, but, on at either end by a bow of narrow green ribbon with ends. the contrary, is one of the most fashionable of costumes. A large cluster of purple velvet pansies, with purple and The dress of which we speak was composed of white tarlagreen leaves, intermingled with steel balls and small white tane; the skirt ornamented with six narrow flounces at velyet flowers, ornaments the top. Under this cluster is the bottom, each flounce trimmed with a row of tiny black fastened a white marabout feather tipped with black, which velvet. The flounces were headed by a broad plaiting of extends over the right side. The inside has a fulling oftarlatane, trimmed at the top and bottom with black velblack and white tulle as a lining. On either side a full vet. The low body was gathered, and cut square on the plaiting of green ribbon, finishing on the head with a bunch shoulders, also trimmed round with a plaiting, and finished of pansies, purple and green leaves, and one small green off round the neck with a blonde tucker, having a narrow spray of chenille, with a very small red flower falling from velvet run in it. A head-dress, composed of black velvet and bunches of rose-buds, completed this simple but elegant it. White strings, striped with green. FIG. VI. ANOTHER SPRING BONNET from Mrs. Cripps. A toilet. Should any of our readers feel inclined to make one of Marie Louise blue silk, laid on the foundation in shirs, the crown being plain. The front of the bonnet is thin, bound these dresses themselves, we would hint that tarlatane canround the edge with blue silk and covered with a fulling not be too little or too lightly handled, and therefore the of black and white tulle, which extends to the shirred blue flounces should be as quickly trimmed and put on as possilk. The cape is thin like the front. Extending round sible. To accomplish this, the flounces should be hemmed the bonnet, and finishing on the cape with a fulling, is a and the velvet put on at the same time, by turning the white blonde lace about three inches in width. A plain tarlatane once on the right side, and running the velvet on band of bias blue silk heads the lace, pointed in front and over the raw edge. In this manner the material need not fastened by a bunch of white roses with the velvet leaves be much tumbled. SHORT COATS hanging loosely will be very fashionable edged with steel. On the center of the cape is a bow and ends of wide blue ribbon, surrounded by a fulling of the this season. They have a jaunty look, and have the advanbloude lace. The inside is lined with full black and white tage of taking much less material than those lately worn. tulle, which extends from the outside, and is terminated Black silk shawls trimmed with lace, or silk ruffles will by a plaiting of black and white blonde lace. A blue band also be fashionable. BONNETS have altered but little as yet in shape. A beauextends across the front, which is trimmed with a large loop of blue ribbon on either side, and in the center a tiful dress hat has just been made of white tulle, bound bunch of white roses. The strings are wide blue ribbon, around the edge and cape with very light blue velvet, and trimmed across the top with a broad band of blue velvet. like the bow on the cape. FIG. VII -BONNET with a white silk crown and black The white ribbon strings are also bound with velvet. KID GLOVES of light color, with one or two buttons, and front trimmings. White lace and pink roses on the top. FIG. VIII - BONNET with white silk face, and black tulle embroidered in little squares at the back of the hand, are crown spotted with white. The cape is of black silk, bound the most distingue. with white. White roses, black lace and ribbon. We give also in the front of the book illustrations of CHILDREN'S FASHIONS. styles of dressing hair, making dresses, capes, caps, and sleeves, which need no description. FIG. 1.- DRESS OF GRAY PIQUE OR MARSEILLES, braided in GENERAL REMARKS.- There have been but few new goods black. A loose linen shirt is worn under the Zouave jacket. imported this season, economy being the order of the day. Black straw Tudor hat. Old dresses are made to look like new" as nearly as posFIG. II.- KNICKERBOCKER SUIT OF BROWN AND WHITE sible. Skirts worn out at the bottom are renewed or PLAID CASSIMERE. -This suit is trimmed with narrow lengthened by a bias band, plaiting or ruffle, or silk of bands of velvet as well as braiding. A linen shirt, ruffled, black or some color contrasting well with the dress. In is worn with this suit. Straw hat. GENERAL REMARKS.-It is rather too early to give many this way two old dresses often make one stylish new one. Then antiquated bodies, or worn out bodies, are discarded, costumes as yet for children. But as at this season many and jaunty Zouave jackets with white shirt bodies and parties for the little ones are given, we will enumerate sleeves, or Garibaldi shirts, take their place. As the season some styles of dress suitable for such occasions. advances, pique or Marseilles will take the place of silk or For little girls there is nothing so pretty and simple as flannel for these articles. white tarlatane, or clear Swiss muslin, either embroidered A very pretty dress may be arranged in the following or plain, which may be made in a variety of ways— either way: A black silk skirt, either plain or trimmed, may be with flounces to the waist, or with double skirts, or with accompanied with a full body of white muslin, having puffings. A broad sash of pinked silk, of some bright color, bands of black velvet over the shoulder, crossed with the makes a pretty finish to the dress; these sashes being same in front in the form of a stomacher, and having a bow generally fastened at the left side. Tiny checked or striped at the waist of the white muslin, wide, and with long ends, light silks are very pretty where a quieter toilet is recrossed with black velvet at the bottom. quired, made with three narrow pinked flounces at the Nothing new has as yet appeared in the way of trim- bottom of the skirt, and a gathered low body, finished off ming skirts. In fact, it would be almost impossible to round the waist with a sash of the same material as the have anything new in this respect, as such a variety of dress, and pinked at the edges. For boys' dresses, KNICKERBOCKER SUITS, made entirely of styles are already worn. Dresses for evening wear are generally made with low- black silk velvet, and ornamented with large white mothernecked bodies, with points before and at the back, and of-pearl buttons, are a very pretty evening dress. White with a fullness extending from the shoulders to the middle stockings and patent leather boots, an embroidered collar, of the body. But bodies partially open, either square or in and closed sleeves, with a band of insertion forming a wristband, should be worn with this style of dress. the heart shape, are the most popular.

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Rh religion of a political society, the need of positive enactments made itself felt. Hence those parts of the Koran which were produced after the Emigration — amounting to rather more than one-third of the whole book — consist largely of prescriptions as to the details of practice both in religious and secular matters. Systematic legislation was, of course, a thing of which Mahomet could form no idea; he provided for each case as it occurred, not striving after theoretical consistency but freely modifying previous commands in order to suit altered circumstances. That all these contradictory directions were given out as the word of God caused scarcely any embarrassment at the time, for it was assumed that the Deity, like any other despot, may revoke His orders whenever He chooses; but it is needless to say that later generations, who had no trustworthy information as to the dates of the various passages, sometimes found it hard to decide which commands were revoked and which were still in force. In a few cases we are informed by early Muslim authorities that passages of the Koran were not only "revoked" but actually suppressed.

The institutions which assumed a definite form during the years subsequent to the Emigration may be classed under the following heads: — (1) Religious ceremonial, (2) Fiscal and military regulations, (3) Civil and criminal laws.

To the first class belong the five obligatory daily prayers, the public service held every Friday, the duty of fasting from sunrise to sunset during the month of Ramaḍān, and the annual Pilgrimage (of which more will be said later). To these may be added the rules of ceremonial purity, the distinctions between lawful and unlawful food (which were largely borrowed from Judaism), and the prohibition of wine-drinking. The rite of circumcision — performed on boys, not, as among the Jews, on infants — prevailed everywhere in heathen Arabia and was retained by the followers of Mahomet; but it is never mentioned in the Koran and does not properly form part of the religion of Islām.

The second class includes the payment of "alms," that is, a kind of income-tax levied on all Muslims, originally for the relief of the poor, but in later times for the maintenance of the State. Moreover all Muslims capable of bearing arms might, under certain circumstances, be required to serve as soldiers.

The civil and criminal laws laid down in the Koran are partly based on old Arabian usages and are partly of foreign origin. Slavery and polygamy having existed in Arabia from time immemorial, we may assume, as a matter of course, that Mahomet never thought of abolishing either the one or the other, but he introduced certain restrictions whereby the condition both of slaves and of women was somewhat


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beleeved. Had they beleeved effectually with a soveraigne, well-rooted affiance, they had been bought saving-effectually: as they beleeved superficially, so they were bought in act and event, but not unto Salvation. The purchase of redemption goeth before faith, is not made by faith, but applied only: but it is most assured, if men beleeve unfainedly, they are redeemed effectually, if they beleeve not, they are not redeemed: for them that be cast off as aliens, we doe not reade that redemption was purchased. This interpretation will not seeme new, nor strained to them that shall weigh the circumstances of the Text, not to them that urge it, when they shall consider it is their owne. It agreeth well with the scope of the Apostle, which is to shew the fearefull condition of such false teachers, because they in life denied the Lord that had called them into Covenant, which they had accepted, whom they had embraced by faith, by whom they were delivered from the pollutions of the world, in whom if they had beleeved unfainedly, without question, they should have been saved: and whom wilfully, not of frailty, they had denied. And is not this a good argument to prove, that by their wilfull departure they had brought upon themselves swift damnation. If they were never the neerer heaven by ought Christ had done, the fault was their owne: for life was truly promised unto them, whereof they deprived themselves, not because they could not doe otherwise, but because they would not receive it, or having received it in part, they voluntarily fell off. What though God never purposed to make them actuall partakers of the saving benefits of Christs death? By his commandement he bound them to beleeve, by promise he assured them of Salvation if they did beleeve, he bestowed upon them many spirituall gifts the fruits of Christs death; and if they fell away, God was no cause efficient or deficient of their revolt: And doth not all this conclude their sinne to be out of measure sinfull in denying the Lord that bought them.

The other places Rom. 14. and 1 Cor. 8. receive the same answer; for they speake of weake bretheren for whom Christ died, who were beleevers, or as beleevers, for whom Christ died in respect of application. And then this argument doth not hang handsomly together, Christ died for beleevers in respect of application, therefore he died for all men to impetrate righteousnesse. If they reason thus, he died for some in respect of application that may


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Page:Peterson's Magazine 1862.pdf/366

 EMBROIDERY ON FLANNEL.

CROCHET LACE.

PATCH-WORK PATTERN.

title: Page:Peterson's Magazine 1862.pdf/366


text:
Page:Peterson's Magazine 1862.pdf/367

PATTERN IN BRAIDING.

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title: Page:Peterson's Magazine 1862.pdf/367


text:
Page:Peterson's Magazine 1862.pdf/368

 FOR CHEMISE YOKE.

PATTERN FOR SLIPPER : IN GOLD BRAID, ON CLOTH OR VELVET.

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title: Page:Peterson's Magazine 1862.pdf/368


text:
Page:Peterson's Magazine 1862.pdf/369

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CORAL PATTERN : TO BE WORKED IN RED.

EMBROIDERY.

title: Page:Peterson's Magazine 1862.pdf/369


text:
Page:Peterson's Magazine 1862.pdf/370

 INTERARAT

WALTZ.

BY

MISS JANE F. CAMPBELL.

BY PERMISSION OF SEP. WINNER, PROPRIETOR OF THE COPYRIGHT. ALLEGRO.

title: Page:Peterson's Magazine 1862.pdf/370


text:
Page:Bury J B The Cambridge Medieval History Vol 2 1913.djvu/344

316 improved. In particular, he condemned the practice of "inheriting women against their will," that is, of treating widows as chattels to be appropriated by the dead man's heir. He also made every effort to secure the rights of orphans and in general to protect the weak against the strong. The ancient rule of blood-revenge he recognised in principle, but confined it within narrow limits. A startling innovation, from the point of view of the Arabs, was the punishment of fornication by scourging. It may be mentioned that, according to tradition, the Koran once contained a passage which ordered that fornicators should be put to death by stoning; and Omar, when he was Caliph, is said to have maintained that this law was still in force.

In describing the Prophet's sojourn at Medina, it is necessary to say something of his domestic history, to which several passages of the Koran explicitly refer. Before he left Mecca, he had already taken to himself a second wife, named Sauda, and during the years which followed the number of his wives steadily increased. The most celebrated of them was 'Ā'isha (daughter of Abū Bakr), whose marriage to Mahomet took place a few months after his arrival at Medina; she was then only about nine years old, but in spite of her tender age she rapidly acquired great influence. When, some five years later, she was accused of misconduct, a passage of the Koran was specially revealed for the purpose of clearing her character. The ascendancy which she gained during the Prophet's lifetime continued long after his death and enabled her to play a prominent but by no means an honourable part in the politics of that period. In the books of Muslim tradition 'Ā'isha is one of the authorities most frequently cited.

For more than a year after the Emigration Mahomet and his Meccan disciples were in a condition of great economic distress. The attempts which they made to relieve their necessities by means of pillage did not at first prove successful. In these earliest raids the natives of Medina took no part, for the general principle that it is the duty of Muslims to engage in aggressive warfare against unbelievers had not yet been announced. Moreover it is to be noticed that Mahomet did not at once venture to shock the feelings of his countrymen by violating the sanctity of the four sacred months during which, according to ancient custom, no raids were permitted. At length, towards the end of the year 623, he sanctioned an attack, in the sacred month of Rajab, upon a caravan belonging to the Ḳuraish, at Nakhla near Mecca. The caravan was taken by surprise and the raiders came back with a considerable amount of booty to Medina. But so strongly was this expedition


text:
Page:Peterson's Magazine 1862.pdf/371

 INVERARAY

WALTZ.

title: Page:Peterson's Magazine 1862.pdf/371