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{| style="margin:auto;" ! style="text-align:center;" | English. ! style="text-align:center;" | Hokkien. ! style="text-align:center;" | Cantonese. ! style="text-align:center;" | Chinese Characters. ! style="text-align:center;" | Remarks as to Meaning.
 * 4. Bukit China
 * Sam-po chiⁿ
 * Sam-pau cheng
 * 三寶井
 * 'Sampo's wells.' (There are wells at the foot of Bukit China and the name of "Sampo's well" is is given to them, because there is a legend, in which the Chinese believe, that a Eunuch of the Ming Dynasty visited Malacca and dug these wells. Similarly the old Fort is called "Sam-po-kong Siaⁿ, 'the fort of Sam-po,' and there are various other names locally connected with the legend of Sam-po's visit.)
 * 5. Bunga Raya
 * Bong-ga la-ia
 * Mong-nga la-ye
 * 望雅嘮耶
 * 6. 1st Cross Street
 * (i) Kit-ling-a koi
 * (i) Kat-leng kai
 * 吉寧仔街
 * (i) 'Kling Street." (The chetties and Kling cloth-shop-keepers live at the northern end of the street.)
 * (ii) Pat-chi-lan
 * 八枝 [sic]蘭
 * (ii) 'Eight mansions.' (Chi-lan is the name of a flower and 'chi-lan chi shat' means according to Eitel "mansion of brightness and virtue," apparently a complimentary expression. The reason why this name was given is lost in obscurity.)
 * (iii) Poh-bian
 * 泊𭰫
 * (iii) This name is given to the part near near the landing-place. It is the Malay 'pabeyan' or 'pebiyan' a 'customs-house' or 'wharf' (see Wilkinson's Malay Dictionary.)
 * }
 * (ii) Pat-chi-lan
 * 八枝 [sic]蘭
 * (ii) 'Eight mansions.' (Chi-lan is the name of a flower and 'chi-lan chi shat' means according to Eitel "mansion of brightness and virtue," apparently a complimentary expression. The reason why this name was given is lost in obscurity.)
 * (iii) Poh-bian
 * 泊𭰫
 * (iii) This name is given to the part near near the landing-place. It is the Malay 'pabeyan' or 'pebiyan' a 'customs-house' or 'wharf' (see Wilkinson's Malay Dictionary.)
 * }
 * 泊𭰫
 * (iii) This name is given to the part near near the landing-place. It is the Malay 'pabeyan' or 'pebiyan' a 'customs-house' or 'wharf' (see Wilkinson's Malay Dictionary.)
 * }


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 had a power of hiding his eyes, or showing them bright, like a blazing fire. He stood there with his beaver off, and mother tried to look at him, but he seemed not to descry her.

Counsellor," said Sir Ensor Doone, standing back in his height from him, "here is a lady of good repute "

Oh, no, sir; only a woman."

"Allow me, madam, by your good leave. Here is a lady, Counsellor, of great repute in this part of the country, who charges the Doones with having unjustly slain her husband"

Murdered him! murdered him!" cried my mother; "if ever there was a murder. Oh, sir! oh, sir! you know it."

"The perfect rights and truth of the case is all I wish to know," said the old man, very loftily; "and justice shall be done, madam."

"Oh, I pray you—pray you, sirs, make no matter of business of it. God from heaven, look on me!"

"Put the case," said the Counsellor.

"The case is this," replied Sir Ensor, holding one hand up to mother: "This lady's worthy husband was slain, it seems, upon his return from the market at Porlock, no longer ago than last Saturday night. Madam, amend me if I am wrong."

"No longer, indeed, indeed, sir. Sometimes it seems a twelvemonth, and sometimes it seems an hour."

"Cite his name," said the Counsellor, with his eyes still rolling inwards.

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32

 * Graetz.—History of the Jews, English translation, Vol. II, chapters 13–17 (character of the Mishnah, end of ch. 17).
 * Steinschneider.—Jewish Literature (London, 1857).
 * Schiller-Szinessy.—Encyclopedia Britannica (Ninth Edition), Vol. XVI, p. 502.
 * De Sola and Raphall.—Eighteen Tractates from the Mishnah (English translation, London).
 * C. Taylor.—Sayings of the Jewish Fathers (Cambridge, 1897).
 * A. Kohut.—The Ethics of the Fathers (New York, 1885).
 * G. Karpeles.—A Sketch of Jewish History (Jewish Publication Society of America, 1895), p. 40.

 * F. C. Burkitt.—Jewish Quarterly Review, Vol. X. p. 207.


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{| style="margin:auto;" ! style="text-align:center;" | English. ! style="text-align:center;" | Hokkien. ! style="text-align:center;" | Cantonese. ! style="text-align:center;" | Chinese Characters. ! style="text-align:center;" | Remarks as to Meaning.
 * 7. 2nd Cross Street
 * (i) Ku pa-sat
 * (i) Kau pa-sat
 * 舊巴虱
 * (i) 'Old market.'
 * (ii) Kiau-keng khau
 * 賭問口
 * (ii) 'Gambling-house mouth.'
 * 8. 3rd Cross Street
 * Hai san kongsi koi
 * Hai san kong sz kai
 * 海山公司街
 * 'The Haisan kongsi street.' (The kongsi house of this society once stood in this street)
 * 9. 4th Cross Street
 * Chui-sien mng
 * Shui-sin mun
 * 水仙門
 * 'Water-fairy gate.' So called, it is said, because there was once a public bathing place here: cf. north Bridge Road, Singapore. One can only grope at the reason why a public bathing place should be called a "water fairy gate." It is a delightful name anyhow.)
 * 10. Goldsmith Street
 * (i) Kam-kong ke-tek
 * 甘光家德
 * (i) 'Kampong Ketek.' (This is the Malay name.)
 * (ii) Kuan-im-teng koi
 * (ii) Kun-yam teng kai
 * 觀音亭街
 * (ii) 'Street of the goddess Kuan-im's temple.' (This is the common Chinese name for the street derived from the large temple in the street.)
 * 11. Heeren Street
 * (i) Ho lan koi
 * Ho-lam kai
 * 荷蘭街
 * (i) 'Dutch street.' (There were Dutch residences here in the old days.)
 * (ii) Po siah koi
 * 寶錫街
 * (ii) 'Precious metal street.' (This name is not common and I cannot explain the meaning.)
 * }
 * (ii) 'Street of the goddess Kuan-im's temple.' (This is the common Chinese name for the street derived from the large temple in the street.)
 * 11. Heeren Street
 * (i) Ho lan koi
 * Ho-lam kai
 * 荷蘭街
 * (i) 'Dutch street.' (There were Dutch residences here in the old days.)
 * (ii) Po siah koi
 * 寶錫街
 * (ii) 'Precious metal street.' (This name is not common and I cannot explain the meaning.)
 * }
 * 寶錫街
 * (ii) 'Precious metal street.' (This name is not common and I cannot explain the meaning.)
 * }
 * }


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 manship, and Arevooma has every reason to be proud of it. Having admired these things, I go, dead tired and still headachy, down the road with my host who carries the lantern, through an atmosphere that has 45 per cent. of solid matter in the shape of mosquitoes; then wishing him good-night, I shut myself in, and illuminate, humbly, with a candle. The furniture of the house consists mainly of boxes, containing the wealth of Gray Shirt, in clothes, mirrors, &c. One corner of the room is taken up by great calabashes full of some sort of liquor, and there is an ivory bundle chair, a hanging mirror, several rusty guns, and a considerable collection of china basins and jugs. Evidently Gray Shirt is rich. The most interesting article to me, however, just now is the bed hung over with a clean, substantial, chintz mosquito bar, and spread with clean calico and adorned with patchwork-covered pillows. So I take off my boots and put on my slippers; for it never does in this country to leave off boots altogether at any time, and risk getting bitten by mosquitoes on the feet, when you are on the march; because the rub of your boot on the bite always produces a sore, and a sore when it comes in the Gorilla country, comes to stay.

No sooner have I carefully swished all the mosquitoes from under the bar and turned in, than a cat scratches and mews at the door—turn out and let her in. She is evidently a pet, so I take her on to the bed with me. She is a very nice cat—sandy and fat—and if I held the opinion of Pythagoras concerning wild fowl, I should have no hesitation in saying she had in her the soul of Dame Juliana Berners, such a whole-souled devotion to sport does she display, dashing out through the flaps of the mosquito bar after rats which, amid squeals from the rats and curses from her, she kills amongst the china collection. Then she comes to me, triumphant, expecting congratulations, and accompanied by mosquitoes, and purrs and kneads upon my chest until she hears another rat.

Tuesday, July 23rd—Am aroused by violent knocking at the door in the early gray dawn—so violent that two large centipedes and a scorpion drop on to the bed. They have evidently been tucked away among the folds of the bar all night. Well "when ignorance is bliss 'tis folly to be


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136 other for the few. The former is his “Strong Hand” (Yad Hachazaka), the latter his “Guide of the Perplexed” (Morch Nebuchim).

The “Strong Hand” was a gigantic undertaking. In its fourteen books Maimonides presented a clearly-arranged and clearly-worded summary of the Rabbinical Halachah, or Law. In one sense it is an encyclopedia, but it is an encyclopedia written with style. For its power to grapple with vast materials, this code has few rivals and no superiors in other literatures. Maimonides completed its compilation in 1180, having spent ten years over it. During the whole of that time, he was not only a popular doctor, but also official Rabbi of Cairo. He received no salary from the community, for he said, “Better one penny earned by the work of one’s hands, than all the revenues of the Prince of the Captivity, if derived from fees for teaching or acting as Rabbi.” The “Strong Hand,” called also


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was not till my uncle Toby had knocked the ashes out of his third pipe, that corporal Trim returned from the inn, and gave him the following account.

I despaired at first, said the corporal, of being able to bring back your honour any kind of intelligence concerning the poor sick lieutenant—Is he in the army then? said my uncle Toby—He is: said the corporal—And in what regiment? said my uncle Toby—I'll tell your honour, replied the corporal, every thing straight forwards, as I learnt it.—Then, Trim, I'll fill another pipe, said my uncle Toby, and not interrupt thee


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{| style="margin:auto;" ! style="text-align:center;" | English. ! style="text-align:center;" | Hokkien. ! style="text-align:center;" | Cantonese. ! style="text-align:center;" | Chinese Characters. ! style="text-align:center;" | Remarks as to Meaning.
 * 12. Java Lane
 * (i) Ma-kau koi
 * 馬交街
 * (i) 'Ma-kau street.' (So called because the Cantonese prostitutes live in the street; cf. Hongkong street, Singapore.)
 * (ii) Sin koi
 * (ii) San kai
 * 新街
 * (ii) 'New Street.' (It is a remarkable coincidence that Campbell street, Penang, Fraser street, Singapore and Java lane, Malacca,—all streets connected largely with houses of ill fame—are all known to Chinese as 'new street.")
 * 13. Jonker Street
 * Koi tioⁿ koi
 * Kai chuen kai
 * 圭場街
 * (i) Cock-pit street.' (So called because a cockpit 'glangang' used to exist here.)
 * 14. Kampong Pantai
 * Kam-kong pan-tai
 * Pan-tai
 * 甘光班底
 * 'Kampong Pantei,' i.e., the village on the shore. (The Chinese have simply adopted the local name. The name is also applied to the adjoining ends of 2nd and 4th Cross streets.)
 * 15. Klebang Besar
 * Kit-lai-bong but sat
 * Sai kat-leng-wang
 * 吉黎夢勿殺
 * (The Hokkiens use transliterations of the Malay name, but the Cantonese translate into 'Big' and 'Little' Klebang.
 * 16. Klebang Kechil
 * Kit-lai-bong kit-chik
 * Tai kat-leng-wang
 * 吉黎夢吉疾
 * 17. Kubu Road
 * Ku-bu kak
 * Ku-wu kai
 * 龜務角
 * 'Kubu corner.' 'Kubu street.'
 * 18. Mill Road
 * (i) Si-pai po
 * 四牌埔
 * (i) 'Sepoys' plain.' (The sepoys' barracks were formerly in this street.)
 * }
 * 17. Kubu Road
 * Ku-bu kak
 * Ku-wu kai
 * 龜務角
 * 'Kubu corner.' 'Kubu street.'
 * 18. Mill Road
 * (i) Si-pai po
 * 四牌埔
 * (i) 'Sepoys' plain.' (The sepoys' barracks were formerly in this street.)
 * }
 * (i) 'Sepoys' plain.' (The sepoys' barracks were formerly in this street.)
 * }


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Rh bent over Rashi’s illuminating expositions of the Talmud and the Bible, the medieval Jew felt his soul raised above the miseries of the present to a world of peace and righteousness, where the wicked ceased from troubling, and the weary were at rest.

 * Graetz.—III, p. 285 [292] seq.

 * I. H. Weiss.—J. Q. R., I, p. 290.

 * Schiller-Szinessy.—Encycl. Brit., Vol. XX, p. 284.


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{| style="margin:auto;" ! style="text-align:center;" | English. ! style="text-align:center;" | Hokkien. ! style="text-align:center;" | Cantonese. ! style="text-align:center;" | Chinese Characters. ! style="text-align:center;" | Remarks as to Meaning.
 * (ii) Sin pa-sat
 * (ii) San pa-sat
 * 新巴虱
 * (ii) 'New market.' (The new Municipal market is close by.)
 * (iii) Sa-kak po
 * 三角埔
 * (iii) 'Three-cornered plain.' (There is a triangular bit of land here used as a vehicle-stand)
 * 19. Riverside
 * (i) Ho-lan chhiu kha
 * 荷蘭樹脚
 * (i) 'Foot of the Dutch trees.' (The Dutch trees are the 'sena' trees which were probably introduced by Dutch.)
 * (ii) Tai-chung kai
 * 大鐘街
 * (ii) 'Big bell street.' (This refers to the clock tower.)
 * (iii) Pa-sat khau
 * 巴虱口
 * (iii) 'Market-mouth.' (Riverside is a long street and has various names in various parts. This name is given to that part near the fish-market.)
 * (iv) Sin koi au
 * (iv) San kai hau pin.
 * 新街後
 * (iv) 'Behind Java Lane.'
 * 20. Trangkerah
 * Tang koi lak
 * Tong kai la
 * 東街蚋
 * }
 * (iii) Pa-sat khau
 * 巴虱口
 * (iii) 'Market-mouth.' (Riverside is a long street and has various names in various parts. This name is given to that part near the fish-market.)
 * (iv) Sin koi au
 * (iv) San kai hau pin.
 * 新街後
 * (iv) 'Behind Java Lane.'
 * 20. Trangkerah
 * Tang koi lak
 * Tong kai la
 * 東街蚋
 * }
 * Tang koi lak
 * Tong kai la
 * 東街蚋
 * }
 * }


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 till thou hast done; so sit down at thy ease, Trim, in the window seat, and begin thy story again. The corporal made his old bow, which generally spoke as plain as a bow could speak it—Your honour is good:—And having done that, he sat down, as he was ordered,—and begun the story to my uncle Toby over again in pretty near the same words.

I despaired at first, said the corporal, of being able to bring back any intelligence to your honour, about the lieutenant and his son; for when I asked where his servant was, from whom I made myself sure of knowing, every thing which was proper to be asked,—That's a right distinction, Trim, said my uncle Toby—I was answered, an' please your honour, that he had no servant


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 wise," particularly along here. I get up without delay, and find myself quite well. The cat has thrown a basin of water neatly over into my bag during her nocturnal hunts; and when my tea comes I am informed a man "done die" in the night, which explains the firing of guns I heard. I inquire what he has died of, and am told "He just truck luck, and then he die." His widows are having their faces painted white by sympathetic lady friends, and are attired in their oldest, dirtiest clothes, and but very few of them; still, they seem to be taking things in a resigned spirit. These Ajumba seem pleasant folk. They play with their pretty brown children in a taking way. Last night I noticed some men and women playing a game new to me, which consisted in throwing a hoop at each other… The point was to get the hoop to fall over your adversary's head. It is a cheerful game. Quantities of the common house-fiy about—and, during the early part of the morning, it rains in a gentle kind of way; but soon after we are afloat in our canoe it turns into a soft white mist.

We paddle still westwards down the broad quiet waters of the O'Rembo Vongo. I notice great quantities of birds about here—great hornbills, vividly coloured kingfishers, and for the first time the great vulture I have often heard of, and the skin of which I will take home before I mention even its approximate spread of wing. There are also noble


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 with him;—that he had come to the inn with hired horses, which, upon finding himself unable to proceed, (to join, I suppose, the regiment) he had dismissed the morning after he came.—If I get better, my dear, said he, as he gave his purse to his son to pay the man,—we can hire horses from hence.—But alas! the poor gentleman will never get from hence, said the landlady to me,—for I heard the death-watch all night long;—and when he dies, the youth, his son, will certainly die with him; for he is broken hearted already.

I was hearing this account, continued the corporal, when the youth came into the kitchen, to order the thin toast the landlord spoke of;—but I will do it for my father myself, said the youth.—Pray let me save you the trouble,


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 young gentleman, said I, taking up a fork for the purpose, and offering him my chair to sit down upon by the fire, whilst I did it.—I believe, Sir, said he, very modestly, I can please him best myself.—I am sure, said I, his honour will not like the toast the worse for being toasted by an old soldier.—The youth took hold of my hand, and instantly burst into tears.—Poor youth! said my uncle Toby,—he has been bred up from an infant in the army, and the name of a soldier, Trim, sounded in his ears like the name of a friend;—I wish I had him here.

—I never in the longest march said the corporal, had so great a mind to my dinner, as I had to cry with him for company:—What could be the matter with me, an' please your honour?


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 white cranes, and flocks of small black and white birds, new to me, with heavy razor-shaped bills, reminding one of the Devonian puffin. The hornbill is perhaps the most striking in appearance. It is the size of a small, or say a good-sized hen-turkey. Gray Shirt says the flocks, which are of eight or ten, always have the same quantity of cocks and hens, and that they live together "white man fashion," i.e., each couple keeping together. They certainly do a great deal of courting, the cock filling out his wattles on his neck like a turkey, and spreading out his tail with great pomp and ceremony, but very awkwardly. To see hornbills on a bare sandbank is a solemn sight, but when they are dodging about in the hippo grass they sink ceremony, and roll and waddle, looking—my man said—for snakes and the little sand-fish, which are close in under the bank; and their killing way of dropping their jaws I should say opening their bills—when they are alarmed is comic. I think this has something to do with their hearing, for I often saw two or three of them in a line on a long branch, standing, stretched up to their full height, their great eyes opened wide, and all with their great beaks open, evidently listening for something. Their cry is most peculiar and can only be mistaken for a native horn; and although there seems little variety in it to my ear, there must be more to theirs, for they will carry on long confabulations with each other across a river, and, I believe, sit up half the night and talk scandal.

There were plenty of plantain-eaters here, but, although their screech was as appalling as I have heard in Angola, they were not regarded, by the Ajumba at any rate, as being birds of evil omen, as they are in Angola. Still, by no means all the birds here only screech and squark. Several of them have very lovely notes. There is one who always gives a series of infinitely beautiful, soft, rich-toned whistles just before the first light of the dawn shows in the sky, and one at least who has a prolonged and very lovely song. This bird, I was told in Gaboon, is called Telephonus erythropterus. I expect an ornithologist would enjoy himself here, but I cannot—and will not—collect birds. I hate to have them killed any how, and particularly in the barbarous way in which these natives kill them.


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 tip-toed across the room, but my foot caught the end of a form, and I nearly pitched through the door, head first.

I had intended going home, but with my hand on the latch of the gate I decided to go up to Derryaghy instead. Singularly enough, the thought that I might be sickening for scarlatina never occurred to me. The distance to Derryaghy was not more than a quarter of a mile, yet it seemed to me long, and before I arrived I regretted having started. The hall-door being open when I reached the house, I went in without ringing. I knew they would be at lunch, but I had no appetite, and as I did not want to answer questions or talk, I went straight on up the broad, low stairs, with the intention of going to my own room. At the head of the staircase, full in the light, hangs the celebrated portrait people come from far to admire. I sat down on the wide couch before it, not because I wanted to look at what I had already seen thousands of times, but because my head swam. I leaned against the back of the couch and closed my eyes. When I opened them, the portrait being in front of me, I could not help staring at it, in a dull way. It represents a young man standing bare-headed on a hill-side, holding a gun in his hand, and with an elderly dog seated sedately by him. The curiously long, oval face, with its high forehead and narrow, pointed chin, has much distinction, though little beauty, and its pallor contrasts oddly with the faded red of the full sensuous lips, completely revealed beneath the light, curled moustache. The eyes are dark, the hair light brown. The hands are hidden by brown gauntlet gloves, and over the dark brown doublet falls a lace collar. The trousers would look black but for the darker shade of the long boots, and this darker note is carried through to the trees behind, sombre and heavy against a yellow sky. Both man and dog are obviously posing for their portraits—the whole thing is a work of art, that is to say, it is something utterly beyond nature. The highest light is in the face,


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 Nothing in the world, Trim, said my uncle Toby, blowing his nose,—but that thou art a good natured fellow.

When I gave him the toast, continued the corporal, I thought it was proper to tell him I was Captain Shandy's servant, and that your honour (though a stranger) was extremely concerned for his father;—and that if there was any thing in your house or cellar—(And thou might'st have added my purse too, said my uncle Toby)—he was heartily welcome to it:—He made a very low bow, (which was meant to your honour) but no answer,—for his heart was full—so he went up stairs with the toast;—I warrant you, my dear, said I, as I opened the kitchen door, your father will be well again.—Mr. Yorick's curate was


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 smoaking a pipe by the kitchen fire,—but said not a word good or bad to comfort the youth.—I thought it wrong added the corporal—I think so too said my uncle Toby.

When the lieutenant had taken his glass of sack and toast, he felt himself a little revived, and sent down into the kitchen, to let me know, that in about ten minutes he should be glad if I would step up stairs.—I believe, said the landlord, he is going to say his prayers,—for there was a book laid upon the chair by his bedside, and as I shut the door, I saw his son take up a cushion.

I thought, said the curate, that you gentlemen of the army, Mr. Trim, never said your prayers at all.—I heard the


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260 extensive. Jewish literature begins with Mendelssohn to have an independent life of its own, a life of the spirit, which cannot be altogether controlled by the tribulations of material life. A physical Ghetto may once more be imposed on the Jews from without; an intellectual Ghetto imposed from within is hardly conceivable. Tolerance gave the modern spirit to Jewish literature, but intolerance cannot withdraw it.

 * Graetz.—V, 8.
 * Karpeles—Sketch of Jewish History, p. 93; Jewish Literature and other Essays, p. 293.
 * English translations of Phedo, Jerusalem, and of the Introduction to the Pentateuch (Hebrew Review. Vol. 1).
 * Other translations of Jerusalem were made by M. Samuels (London, 1838) and by Isaac Leeser, the latter published as a supplement to the Occident, Philadelphia, 5612.

 * Graetz.—V, 10.


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124 the Midrash, he, as it were, constructs a Peshat out of it, and this method, original to himself, found no capable imitators.

Through the fame of Rashi, France took the leadership in matters Talmudical. Blessed with a progeny of famous men, Rashi’s influence was carried on and increased by the work of his sons-in-law and grandsons. Of these, Samuel ben Meir (Rashbam, 1100-1160) was the most renowned. The devoted attention to the literature of Judaism in the Rhinelands came in the nick of time. It was a firm rock against the storm which was about to break. The Crusades crushed out from the Jews of France all hope of temporal happiness. When Alfassi died in 1103 and Rashi in 1105, the first Crusade had barely spent its force. The Jewish schools in France were destroyed, the teachers and scholars massacred or exiled. But the spirit lived on. Their literature was life to the Jews, who had no other life. His body


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Rh Comparing diverse disconnected areas like India and Eur-America, it was found that the periods of inception, growth and maturation in time were coincident in spiritual thought schools in the former and in objective science in the latter according to the respective culture patterns of each. Specific ideas, like the coming of the American Indian viá the Behring Strait supposed to be found by the Jesup expedition in 1897, have been traced to DuPonceau's Notes in 1820, using identical philological arguments, and still earlier, to Adair in his American Indian (1775) and the theological conjectures of the early Spanish fathers which often included it as an alternative. So each branch like philology, archaeology and physical anthropology as well as ethnology has been found to have some adumbration in the Proto-Anthropological period of New Spain and Early French and English explorations, differentiation and growth in the period of American history from 1783 to the Civil war, maturation from the period of the Civil war to the beginning of the 20th century and synthesis in the past two and a half decades, preparing the way for a greater synthesis of the subjective East and objective West and for a broader and deeper world-culture.

2


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 poor gentleman say his prayers last night, said the landlady, very devoutly, and with my own ears, or I could not have believed it.—Are you sure of it? replied the curate.—A soldier, an' please your reverence, said I, prays as often (of his own accord) as a parson;—and when he is fighting for his king, and for his own life, and for his honour too, he has the most reason to pray to God, of any one in the whole world—'Twas well said of thee, Trim, said my uncle Toby.—But when a soldier, said I, an' please your reverence, has been standing for twelve hours together in the trenches, up to his knees in cold water,—or engaged, said I, for months together in long and dangerous marches;—harrassed, perhaps, in his rear to-day;—harrassing others to-morrow;—detached here;—countermanded


text: Author:Sedley Clarendale Peck

title: Author:Sedley Clarendale Peck


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 there;—resting this night out upon his arms;—beat up in his shirt the next;—benumbed in his joints;—perhaps without straw in his tent to kneel on;—must say his prayers how and when he can.—I believe, said I,—for I was piqued, quoth the corporal, for the reputation of the army,—I believe, an' please your reverence, said I, that when a soldier gets time to pray,—he prays as heartily as a parson,—though not with all his fuss and hypocrisy.—Thou shouldst not have said that, Trim, said my uncle Toby,—for God only knowns who is a hypocrite, and who is not:—At the great and general review of us all, corporal, at the day of judgment, (and not till then)—it will be seen who has done their duties in this world,—and who has not; and we shall be advanced, Trim, accordingly.—I hope we shall,


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 said Trim.—It is in the Scripture, said my uncle Toby; and I will shew it thee to-morrow:—In the mean time we may depend upon it, Trim, for our comfort, said my uncle Toby, that God Almighty is so good and just a governor of the world, that if we have but done our duties in it,—it will never be enquired into, whether we have done them in a red coat or a black one:—I hope not; said the corporal—But go on, Trim, said my uncle Toby, with thy story.

When I went up, continued the corporal, into the lieutenant's room, which I did not do till the expiration of the ten minutes,—he was laying in his bed with his head raised upon his hand, with his elbows upon the pillow, and a clean white cambrick handkerchief be-


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 beside it:—The youth was just stooping down to take up the cushion, upon which I supposed he had been kneeling,—the book was laid upon the bed,—and as he rose, in taking up the cushion with one hand, he reached out his other to take it away at the same time.—Let it remain there, my dear, said the lieutenant.

He did not offer to speak to me, till I had walked up close to his bed-side:—If you are Captain Shandys servant, said he, you must present my thanks to your master, with my little boy's thanks along with them, for his courtesy to me;—if he was of Levenss—said the lieutenant.—I told him your honour was—Then, said he, I served three campaigns with him in Flanders, and remember him,—but 'tis most likely, as


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 I had not the honour of any acquaintance with him, that he knows nothing of me.—You will tell him, however, that the person his good nature has laid under obligations to him, is one Le Fever, a lieutenant in Angus's—but he knows me not,—said he, a second time, musing;—possibly he may my story—added he—pray tell the captain, I was the ensign at Breda, whose wife was most unfortunately killed with a musket shot, as she lay in my arms in my tent.—I remember the story, an't please your honour, said I, very well.—Do you say? said he, wiping his eyes with his handkerchief,—then well may I.—In saying this, he drew a little ring out of his bosom, which seemed tied with a black ribband about his neck, and kiss'd it twice—Here, Billy, said he,—the boy flew across the room to


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 the bed-side,—and falling down upon his knee, took the ring in his hand, and kissed it too,—then kissed his father, and sat down upon the bed and wept.

I wish, said my uncle Toby, with a deep sigh,—I wish, Trim, I was asleep.

Your honour, replied the corporal, is too much concerned;—shall I pour your honour out a glass of sack to your pipe?—Do, Trim, said my uncle Toby.

I remember, said my uncle Toby, sighing again, the story of the ensign and his wife, with a circumstance his modesty omitted;—and particularly well that he, as well as she, upon some account or other, (I forget what) was universally pitied by the whole regiment;


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Page:Travels in West Africa, Congo Français, Corisco and Cameroons (IA travelsinwestafr00kingrich).pdf/271

 The broad stretch of water looks like a long lake. In all directions sandbanks are showing their broad yellow backs, and there will be more showing soon, for it is not yet the height of the dry. We are perpetually grounding on those which by next month will be above water. These canoes are built, I believe, more with a view to taking sandbanks comfortably than anything else; but they are by no means yet sufficiently specialised for getting off them. Their flat bottoms enable them to glide on to the banks, and sit there, without either upsetting or cutting into the sand, as a canoe with a keel would; but the trouble comes in when you are getting off the steep edge of the bank, and the usual form it takes is upsetting. So far my Ajumba friends have only tried to meet this difficulty by tying the cargo in.

I try to get up the geography of this region conscientiously. Fortunately I find Gray Shirt, Singlet, and Pagan can speak trade English; for my interpreter's knowledge of that language seems confined to "Praps," "'Tis better so," and "Lordy, Lordy, helpee me"—a valueless vocabulary. None of them, however, seem to recognise a single blessed name on the chart, which is saying nothing against the chart and its makers, who probably got their names up from M'pongwes and Igalwas instead of Ajumba, as I am trying to. Geographical research in this region is fraught with difficulty, I find, owing to different tribes calling one and the same place by different names; and I am sure the Royal Geographical Society ought to insert among their "Hints" that every traveller in this region should carefully learn every separate native word, or set of words, signifying "I don't know,"—four villages and two rivers I have come across out here solemnly set down with various forms of this statement, for their native name. Really I think the old Portuguese way of naming places after Saints, &c., was wiser in the long run, and it was certainly pleasanter to the ears. My Ajumba, however, know about my Ngambi and the Vinue all right and Elivã z'Ayzingo, so I must try and get cross bearings from these.

We have an addition to our crew this morning—a man who wants to go and get work at John Holt's sub-factory away on the Rembwé. He has been waiting a long while at Arevooma,


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 unable to get across, I am told, "because the road is now stopped between Ayzingo and the Rembwé by "those fearful Fans." "How are we going to get through that way?" says I, with natural feminine alarm. "We are not, sir," says Gray Shirt. This is what Lady MacDonald would term a chatty little incident; and my hair begins to rise as I remember what I have been told about those Fans and the indications I have already seen of its being true when on the Upper Ogowé. Now here we are going to try to get through the heart of their country, far from a French station, and without the French flag. Why did I not obey Mr. Hudson's orders not to go wandering about in a reckless way! Anyhow I am in for it, and Fortune favours the brave. The only question is: Do I individually come under this class? I go into details. It seems Pagan thinks he can depend on the friendship of two Fans he once met and did business with, and who now live on an island in Lake Ncovi—Ncovi is not down on my map and I have never heard of it before—anyhow thither we are bound now.

Each man has brought with him his best gun, loaded to the muzzle, and tied on to the baggage against which I am leaning—the muzzles sticking out each side of my head: the flint locks covered with cases, or sheaths, made of the black-haired skins of gorillas, leopard skin, and a beautiful bright bay skin, which I do not know, which they say is bush cow—but they call half a dozen things bush cow. These guns are not the "gas-pipes" I have seen up north; but decent rifles which have had the rifling filed out and the locks replaced by flint locks and converted into muzzle loaders, and many of them have beautiful barrels. I find the Ajumba name for the beautiful shrub that has long bunches of red yellow and cream-coloured young leaves at the end of its branches is "obaa." I also learn that in their language ebony and a monkey have one name. The forest on either bank is very lovely. Some enormously high columns of green are formed by a sort of climbing plant having taken possession of lightning-struck trees, and in one place it really looks exactly as if some one had spread a great green coverlet over the forest, so as to keep it dry. No high land showing in any direction. Pagan tells


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 me the extinguisher-shaped juju filled with medicine and made of iron is against drowning—the red juju is "for keep foot in path." Beautiful effect of a gleam of sunshine lighting up a red sandbank till it glows like the Nibelungen gold. Indeed the effects are Turneresque to-day owing to the mist, and the sun playing in and out among it.

The sandbanks now have their cliffs to the N.N.W. and N.W. At 9.30, the broad river in front of us is apparently closed by sandbanks which run out from the banks thus:— south bank. This bank bears testimony of this also being the case in the wet season, for a fringe of torn-down trees hangs from it into the river. Pass Seke, a town on north bank, interchanging the usual observations regarding our destination. The river seems absolutely barred with sand again; but as we paddle down it, the obstructions resolve themselves into spits of sand from the north bank and the largest island in mid-stream, which also has a long tail, or train, of sandbank down river. Here we meet a picturesque series of canoes, fruit and trade laden, being poled up stream, one man with his pole over one side, the other with his pole over the other, making a St. Andrew's cross as you meet them end on.

Most luxurious, charming, and pleasant trip this. The men are standing up swinging in rhythmic motion their long, rich red wood paddles in perfect time to their elaborate melancholy, minor key boat song. Nearly lost with all hands Sandbank palaver—only when we were going over the end of it, slipped sideways over its edge. River deep, bottom sand and mud. This information may be interesting to the geologist, but I hope I shall not be converted by circumstances into a human sounding apparatus again to-day. Next time she strikes I shall get out and shove behind.

We are now skirting the real north bank, and not the bank of an island or islands as we have been for some time heretofore. Lovely stream falls into this river over cascades. The water is now rough in a small way and the width of the river great, but it soon is crowded again with wooded islands.


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Page:An Icelandic-English Dictionary - Cleasby & Vigfusson - 1874.djvu/121

A. is the first letter in all the alphabets of Phenician extraction. The Runic alphabet, being confused and arbitrary, makes the sole exception to this rule.

A. it is either simple (a) or dipthongal (á). The simple a is pronounced long or short; when long it is sounded like the long Italian a as in padre, or as in Engl. father; when short, like the short Italian a as in cambio, or as in Engl. marry. The á—though in grammars commonly called a long vowel—is phonetically diphthongal (a + u), and sounds like Engl. ou or ow: Engl. thou and Icel. þá, now and ná, have almost the same sound. Again a and á have, like all other vowels, diphthongs or simple, a deep, full chest-sound if followed by a single consonant, or by more than one weak consonant (a liquid followed by a media). They sound short if followed by two or more strong consonants (a double mute or liquid): thus the a and á sound long in tāl, sermo; sāt, sedebat; mān, mancipium; tā́l, dolus; ā́r, remus; sā́t, sessio; hātr, odium; hārðr, durus; kāldr, frigidus; vāndr, difficilis; tāmdr, domitus, etc. But short in hătt, pileum; hắtt, modum; mănn, hominem; bănn, interdictum; hắll, lubricus; kălt, frigidum; rămt, acidum; hărt, durum; vănt, assuetum, etc.' the consonants shortening the sound of the preceding vowel. The a is also short in all endings, verbal or nominal, tālă, tālăr, tālăðă, dixi; tālăst, dicitur; vākă, vigilia; fāgrăn, pulchrum, etc. Etymologically a distinction must be made between the primitivce á, as in sátu (sedebant), átu, (edebant), gátu (poterant), and the á produced by suppressing consonants; either nasals, as in á, ást, áss, báss, gás, = an, anst, and, bans, gans; or gutturals, h, g, k, as in á (aqua), sá (videbat), lá (jacebat), má (debet), nátt (nox), dráttr (tractus), and a great many others; or labials, v, f, as in á = af, áir = afr, hár but háfan; or dentals, as in nál (acus) [Goth. neþla, Engl. needle], vál (ambitus, mendicitas) [A.S. vädl], etc.In very early times there was no doubt an audible distinction between these two kinds of á, which however is not observed even by the earliest poets, those of the 10th century. The marking of the diphthongal vowels with an acute accent is due to the Icelandic philologist Thorodd (circa 1080-1140), and was probably an imitation of Anglo-Saxon. The circumflex, applied by Jacob Grimm, is unknown to Icel. authors of whatever age. Thorodd, in his treatise on the vowels (Skálda, pp. 160 sqq.), distinguishes between three kinds of vowels, viz. short, long (i.e. diphthongal), and nasal. The long ones he proposes to mark with an acute (′); the nasals by a dot above the line (·). The vowels of his alphabet are thirty-six in number. According to his rule we should have to write, af (ex), át (esus), ȧ (in). No doubt the a was also nasal in the verbs and the weak nouns, komȧ ( = koman), augȧ (gen.); and also when followed by an n, e.g. vȧnr (assuefactus). The distinctive marking of the nasals never came into practice, and their proper sound also disappeared; neither is this distinction observed by the poets in their rhymes. The marking of the diphthongal vowels—either the primitive vowels or those formed by agglutination—by an acute accent, according to the rule of Thorodd, is indeed used in a very few old Icel. parchment fragments of the 12th century. The only MS. of any considerable length which strictly observes this distinction is the Ann. Reg. Ísl. 2087. 4b. Royal Libr. Copenhagen, written in Icel. at the end of the 13th century. In the great bulk of MSS. both kinds of vowels are treated alike, as in Latin. About the middle of the 14th century the doubling of vowels, especially that of aa (ꜳ) = á, came into use, and was employed through more than three centuries, until about 1770 the Icelanders resumed the spelling of Thorodd, marking diphthongal vowels by an acute accent, but following the rules of modern pronunciation. The diphthong au—in Norse freq. spelt ou—has at present in Icel. a peculiar sound, answering to äu or eu in German, and nearly to Engl. oi. The Norse pronunciation is different and perhaps more genuine.

B. I. a changes into e, á into æ: this change—a part of a more general transformation, by Grimm termed umlaut, ‘vowel-change’—is common to all the Teutonic idioms, except the Gothic (v. letter E and Æ).'''II. a changes into ö (ꝏ), á' into ꝏ́:'' this transformation is peculiar to the Scandinavian branch, esp. the Icelandic idiom, where it is carried on to the fullest extent—in old Swedish and Danish its use was scanty and limited. It takes place,1. in monosyllabic nouns with a for their radical vowel,α. feminines, öld, periodus; önd, anima; örk, area; för, iter; höll, aula; hönd, manus; sök, causa, etc.β. adjectives in fem. sing. and in neut. pl. öll, tota; fögr, pulcbra; hörð, dura; hölt, clauda; sönn, vera; from allr, etc.γ. in plur. neut., bönd, vincula; börn, τέκνα; lönd, terrae; from band, etc.δ. in singular masculine with a suppressed u in the root, hjörtr, cervus; fjörðr, sinus; björn, ursus; örn, aquila, etc.2. in dissyllables a radical a, when followed by a final u (-u, -ur, -um, etc.), in Icel. constantly changes into ö,—öllum, cunctis; mönnum, hominibus; köllum, vocamus; vökum, vigiliis and vigilamus; vökur, vigiliae, etc. Danes and Swedes here retained the a; so did a great part of Norway. The change only prevailed in the west of Norway and the whole of Iceland. Some Norse MSS. therefore constantly keep a in those cases, e.g. Cd. Ups. De la Gard. 8 (Ed. C. R. Unger, 1849), which spells allum, cunctis; hafuð, caput; jafur, rex; andverðr, adversus; afund, invidia, etc. (v. Pref. viii.) Other Norse MSS. spell a and ö promiscuously; allum or öllum, kallum or köllum. In Icel. this change prevailed about the year 1000. Even at the end of the 10th century we still frequently meet with rhymes such as barð—jarðu, þang—langu, etc.3. a in inflexions, in penultimate syllables, if followed by u, changes into u (or ö), thus keisurum, caesaribus; vitrurum, sapientioribus; hörðurum, durioribus; hörðustum, durissimis: pret. pl. sköpuðu, creabant; töluðu, dicebant; orrustu, pugnam. In part. pass. fem. sing. and neaut. pl., sköpuð, creata; töluð, dicta; töpuð, perdita. Neut. pl. in words, as sumur, aestates; heruð, pagi. This change is peculiar to Iceland, and is altogether strange to Norse MSS., where we constantly find such forms as ætlaðu, putabant; gnagaðu, mordebant; aukaðu, augebant; skapað, creata; kallað, dicta; skaparum, tapaðum, ágætastum, harðarum, skínandum; kunnastu, artem, etc. This difference, as it frequently occurred at early times, soon gave the Icel. idiom a peculiar and strange sound,—amarunt would, in Icelandic, be ömurunt. Norse phrases—as með bænum ok fastu (föstu) hafðu (höfðu) með sér vaxljós, ok dýrkaðu (dýrkuðu) þa hælgu hátíð með fastu (föstu) ok vaktu (vöktu) þar um nóttina með margum (mörgum) aðrum (öðrum) vanfærum mannum (mönnum), O.H.L. 87—sound uncouth and strange to Icel. ears; and so no doubt did the Icel. vowel transformations to Norse ears.4. endings in -an, all, e.g. feminines in -an, as hugsan, ætlan, iðran, frequently change into -un,—hugsun, ætlun, iðrun, and are now always used so: gamall, vetus, f. gömul; einsamall, solus, f. einsömul. IN modern Norse, gomol, eismol (Ivar Aasen); atall, atrox; ötull, strenuus; svikall, perfidus, and svikull; þrifnaðr, mundities, and þrifnuðr, etc.5. in the cases correlative to II. 1, 2, the á in its turn changes into a vowel, by Thorodd marked ꝏ́; this vowel change seems to have been settled about the beginning of the 11th century, and prevailed in Iceland during the 12th, being constantly employed in MSS. of that time; about the end of that century, however, and the beginning of the next, it fell off, and at last became extinct. Its phonetical value, therefore, cannot now be precisely stated: it no doubt had an intermediate sound between á and ó, such as ö (ꝏ) has between a and o. Thorodd proposed to mark the short ‘umlaut’ ö by ꝏ; and the vowel change of á by ꝏ́ (in the MSS. however commonly written o̜). fem., ꝏ́, amnis; ꝏ́st, amor; ꝏ́l, funis; ꝏ́r, remus; lꝏ́g, lignum; skrꝏ́, libelus; sꝏ́tt, pax; sꝏ́l, anima; nꝏ́l, acus; vꝏ́n, spes: masc., hꝏ́ttr, modus; þrꝏ́ðr, filum; pꝏ́ttr, funis; mꝏ́ttr, vis; ꝏ́ss, deus; ꝏ́rr, nuntius: neut. pl. sꝏ́r, vulnera; tꝏ́r, δάκρνa; mꝏ́l, dicta; rꝏ́ð, consilia; vꝏ́r, vera: adj. fem. and neut. kꝏ́t, læta; fꝏ́, pauca; smꝏ́, parva; hꝏ́, alta; fꝏ́m, paucis; hꝏ́m, altis: verbs, sꝏ́, videbant (but sá, videbat); gꝏ́tu, capiebant; ꝏ́tu, edebant (but át, edebat), etc.: v. Frump. 26-28: e.g. sár (vulnus) veitti maðr mér eitt (unum), sꝏ́r mörg (multa vulnera) veitta ek hánum, Skálda (Thorodd), 162; ꝏl ( = öl, cerevisia) er drykkr, ꝏ́l er band (vinculum), id. 163; tungan er málinu vꝏn ( = vön, assuefacta), en at tönnulum er bitsins vꝏ́n (morsûs exspectatio), id.: frequently in the Grágás, lýsa sár sitt (vulnus) eðr sꝏ́r (vulnera) ef fleiri eru, Kb. i. 151; sꝏ́r en minni (vulnera leviora), 170; en meire sꝏ́r (graviora), 174; síðan es sꝏ́r eða ben voru lýst, 175; engi sꝏ́r (nulla vulnera), sꝏr, and rꝏð, 176, 177; mꝏ́l, ii. 51; vꝏ́r, 158, etc. Rh


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342 :Piqui Chaqui. Such thoughts are prompted by Supay ; That evil being possesses thee. All round are beauteous girls to choose Before old age and weakness come. If the great Inca knew thy plot And what thou seekest to attain, Thy head would fall by his command, Thy body would be quickly burnt.
 * Ollantay. Boy, do not dare to cross me thus.

One more such word and thou shalt die. These hands will tear thee limb from limb, If still thy councils are so base.
 * Piqui Chaqui. Well! treat thy servant as a dog,

But do not night and day repeat, 'Piqui Chaqui! swift of foot! Go once more to seek the star.'
 * Ollantay. Have I not already said

That e'en if death's fell scythe was here, If mountains should oppose my path Like two fierce foes who block the way, Yet will I fight all these combined And risk all else to gain my end, And whether it be life or death I'll cast myself at Coyllur's feet.
 * Piqui Chaqui. But if Supay himself should come?
 * Ollantay. I'd strike the evil spirit down.

title: Page:The Incas of Peru.djvu/382


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Page:Harper's New Monthly Magazine - v108.djvu/217

Rh "Do you remember the silent pool in the forest?" she whispered.

Again the Duke's hand went up to his beard. He rose slowly and walked to the window to toss a coin to the youths outside.

"Do you remember how beautiful it was?" said the Duchess.

"I remember," answered Pietro. He saw in his memory the pool, a sapphire set in a forest, and strange weeds, motionless and fantastic, growing up in it—but the Ice Woman had no connection with it in his mind. He remembered only the beauty of the day, the color, impression, and spirit of the place.

Aloyse had risen also, and leaned over his chair, keeping him seated by her hand on his shoulder.

"Help me!" she whispered. "Look as if you cared! I know it is only make-believe, and I—I shall not be angry, Pietro." Upon that she walked away, and, moved out of all resistance, he followed her. She drew a seat up to a window at the end of the room—the window through which he had seen her fly her hawk on its leash so often. He leaned upon her chair and looked out into the night. Down in the orchard the moon convolvulus hung open wide, even as the song had said, and he knew that, after to-day's heat, there would be tears in the heart of the roses, for the still stars were veiled with a gauze of mist. The song of the pages had died away; their feet in the distance brushed the grass as they went away upon some invisible signal. Pietro waited and wondered, and looked down upon the young Duchess—and then his arm about her answered the frightened appeal of her eyes. So they remained for ten heart-beats, and he forgot all but this mystery of the inscrutable. At the soft lifting of a latch he turned, and saw that De Budry had gone out. Instantly the Duchess rose, and her face took on the expression it had worn when she entered his prison at sundown.

"Come," she whispered—"keep your arm about me—in case any are still watching. Come—in my oratory we are safe."

They passed through her little bower, through her bedchambor, gay and bright with flowers. She locked this door and told him to drag a chest against it.

"Now!" she said. From a closet she drew a dress, the same myrtle robes in which he knew her so well.

"You are so tall, so tall," she murmured, "but I have a cloak that will help to hide your height, and a hood "

"What does it mean?" he said, bewildered. "Surely I can escape in man's clothes down a small passage. Where is the door?"

She made no answer, but rummaged anew in the closet, and brought out a great hood.

"Quick!" she whispered.

"Where is the secret door to the underground passage?" repeated the painter, bewildered.

She looked at him for a moment with the old vague smile, and the hood slipped from her hand.

Suspicion, perplexity, made him almost delirious. He sprang forward and took her by the wrist.

"The door here—in your bedchamber—where is it, madam?" he demanded, in an exasperated whisper.

"There is no door here, Pietro," she said, calmly. "Come, help me to put this kirtle over your head."

"You are deceiving me! Is it another trap, a fresh torture?"

"The door of your escape is open," she said, reproachfully. "The litter waits. Obey me, and you are free. Your life is in mv hands, Pietro. Quick!"

"The litter? But it is for you! You said so yourself."

"Yes, I said so; but that is nothing. Quick, take off your shoes—they might make you tread too heavily for a woman."

"You have lied to me?"

"Yes, or you would not have trusted me."

Again he seized her hand, and drew her close to the little lamp in a corner of the room, that he might look into her face.

"Madam—I cannot go and leave you behind. You shall go and I will stay. Do you think that life is so dear to me that I will take it at this price? If I go, I leave you here to cruelty, to the most shameful misconstruction. Your very life—"

"There must always be sacrifice," she murmured, and walked away to lean


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title: Voice of Flowers/Flowers


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206 against the window. He took up his argument passionately:

"You ask me to do this thing deliberately, as a man, and a man of flesh and blood—you ask me to take flight at your cost—you ask me to use your innocence as a ladder for my escape?"

There was a sudden noise as of some piece of furniture falling in the farther room where they had supped. She started back to him and caught up the cloak again, seeking to put it about him.

"Go, quick!" she implored. "The litter waits, and the word is 'Saint Therese.' That is the first halting-place. The men know. Go! You will find it—the litter—at the foot of the Stairway of Honor."

He took the cloak from her and flung it behind him. "You ask me to use your innocence as a ladder for my escape," he repeated—"and I decline so to degrade you and myself. I built this very Stairway to the honor of your house and race. I have mounted it in the spirit of peace and thankful pride. I will not descend it to your dishonor and my own to save my skin."

"Oh!" she whispered, piteously,—"oh, do not waste the minutes—but go."

"Is there no other way?" he answered, ironically.

"Hardly to your honor," she said, piteously.

"Then to yours," he replied. "Tell me that, madam."

She crept away to the window and buried her face in her hand. Thither he followed her.

"You say there is another way, madam," he went on, taking her hand; "then let me take that. If it be to my dishonor, what matter, so that it saves you?"

Suddenly, in the gracious depths of the orchard, the page took up his song again:

To Pietro d'Aranti the cruelty of the love-song in the ears of a man standing upon the threshold of a sordid and unmerited death seemed only sheer insult.

"My God! madam," he said, "show me the way, lest life become too strong and death too cruel."

Still she remained dull and frigid—once more the Ice Woman.

"The litter is there," he urged, passion- ately, again. "Go."

"I will not go," she whispered, doggedly. "Do you know why? Because"—she turned her head away and went on with an effort—"because my brother most desires it. He would give worlds now to see me go. Lately he has tried again and again to marry me to one of his great friends—men who are enemies of Maximilian, as he is,—men who would help him. I would not. And if I had lifted up my finger to the people down there"—she pointed to the sleeping town below—"the people he wants to treat like mongrels and use like mules, they would have set upon him for my sake. He knows it now. But he did not know it when he put you in prison."

All manner of tangled thoughts pressed upon the brain of D'Aranti. He looked at Aloyse, again overcome by the stupefaction of the afternoon. If she had been inscrutable of old, she was now like a very maze of subtlety and contradictions. Torment and suspense maddened him, and brought rage to his head and throat.

"Madam," he said, desperately, "you boast of many things, but you do not fulfil your boast. It seems as if you merely rejoiced passively in the fact of your power; and so you are neither more Christian nor less human than the Duke-Marshal, your brother. If the people would rise now to your bidding, why did you not go free days ago and leave this prison-house?"

"I could not " she said. Her eyes turned to him piteously, as they had done before that night. "I could not," she repeated. His anger blinded him to the helplessness in them, and again his irony was paramount.

"And did the same lack of courage prevent you from helping the Duke-Marshal's other prisoner?" he asked. "Would not this powerful ally"—he pointed to the sleeping town below—"have set me free at your command? Was it needful to let me lie there, and not use so much splendid influence till the last moment?"

She stood, it seemed, at bay then, white and indignant.

"The Duke threatened to kill you at any moment," she said. "If the people had burst into the castle, he would have


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Rh killed you before he faced them. I went in terror of your life every day." Her voice was low and breathless, and she clasped and unclasped her hands piteously. "But now," she went on,—"now you can go  the litter is there  the bearers have their commands from De Budry. They are to carry away the woman who goes to the foot of the Stairway, and all they need is the word from you. That I have given you. As a woman, in these clothes of mine, you will pass out safe. As a man, walking alone, you will be cut down by the guard."

"Ah! madam, how can I believe all this? You have appeared always to the world in the light of a poor prisoner. And now I find that you are no such thing, but hold the Duke-Marshal in your hand. You told me that here was a door for my escape. And I find no door. You told me that the cloister waited for you. Yet now I see that such a refuge does not enter the least into your designs and plots. Lastly, you force upon yourself and me a wretched tale incriminating us both—"

"It was the only way," she said, doggedly. "De Budry would have killed you had he thought my story untrue. As it is—" she colored vividly—"as it is, he glories in his belief. He is glad that I should be ashamed  it is his triumph. Therefore I beg you let me at least feel that he wins his triumph dearly. I beg you, go, and let me stay to—to frustrate him."

"Is that all you wish to frustrate him?  Ah! madam, if that is all, why, why have you so lied to me to-night?"

She turned away with a little cry of in- dignation, and walked the length of the room with her hand upon her throat.

"Pietro," she said, looking back at him, "when does a woman lie from her heart?"

Her eyes, lustrous as before, enchained him. He gazed and wondered. The Ice Woman, Ihe Ice Woman! Whither had she vanished? He fell upon his knees before her and kissed her hands.

"My God! madam," he cried,—"just now you said there was another way, but that it was hardly to my honor to take it. Is it not worse dishonor for me to leave you behind under slur than go before your litter in the sight of all men to-night as your defender? What does it matter what they say of me now? The litter waits—for you. I have my sword. Let me walk before you at least to the gates. At the gates De Budry and I will have our reckoning."

"Do you mean it, Pietro?" she said, and then hid her face.

"I mean that it is better to die for you than to hang for the Duke-Marshal, madam."

She put her hands upon his shoulders and bent down to him.

"Will you indeed give me your life, Pietro d'Aranti?"

"It is yours. Will you take my love, madam? It is a poor way of giving it so—at the eleventh hour; but my death will at least be the pledge of it!"

She stooped lower from her chair into his arms, and when she lifted up her head from his shoulder he found that she smiled, and that her hands trembled no more. How could she smile so? His brain began to fail him again, it seemed; but the cold handle of his sword, which his fingers sought as he rose, steadied his dizziness. At the same moment the orchard music that had been suddenly silent burst forth again. And now the boy's voice sang the air "Jour de ma vie." In it there was such triumph, such joy of living, that, with the thought of De Budry waiting at the castle gates, the song, for a second time, seemed almost an insult. Yet the young Duchess still smiled, and her eyes glowed upon Pietro. Surely here was "truth and trust and peace." In the light of these eyes death would lose its poignancy.

"Come," she laughed,—"come."

Still bemused and transported, he drew his sword, and took her upon his other arm to lead her by the little door of her oratory into the Knight's Hall. The two passed like ghosts through the great dusky staterooms to the door of the Stairway.

"Jour fie ma vie," carolled the page from the other side of the garden wall flanking the courtyard.

It thumped in D'Aranti's brain and buzzed in his ears; his blood surged gorgeously to the pride and jubilation of it.


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208 Surely, surely by the sheer triumph of living he would escape death and live for love and clean labor.

"Ah! madam," he said, "I know now that you lie no more. Yet tell me why you lied so long and carefully, not only to the Duke, but to me, who would have helped you?"

"Lest you should pretend to love me against your will," she replied, her words falling singly upon his ear like the tears of one who rarely weeps or makes confession.

It seemed to Pietro that night as if sunlight and not starlight poured into the Duke's Court, and that the people of his mosaic frescos, the gods and nymphs and heroes of his making, had come to life, and were none other than the great company who had travelled down the Stairway behind the European Maximilian a year since. At the foot of the first flight he took the Duchess in his arms again for an instant, and then swept her down the steps. In the shadow the litter waited. He swung her into it and walked at its head, with his sword ready for service. Through the first court and through the second they went without bar or hindrance, and not even a curious head peeped out from the casements. In the Guards' Court there was neither drinking nor song. In the shadows, as before, Pietro knew that steel lurked, but no sound or movement stirred the armed dummies that stood there.

And now the little procession was upon the Great Gate. A man strode out and challenged it, and Pietro knew De Budry, and, as he thundered out the word, stood on his guard. The blood in his head surged no more; his spine seemed a shaft of frozen steel, and his eyes followed every movement of De Budry like a cat. The Duke-Marshal strode to the litter and stretched out his hand to the curtains. But D'Aranti's blade was there first, gleaming like a silver bar athwart the puce hangings.

De Budry laughed outright.

"Summer heat makes hot blood and desperate lovers, as I told you at supper," he said, grinning, "If you prefer to carry your baggage in the litter and travel afoot yourself, I will not make it cause for quarrel, D'Aranti. Good night."

The flat of Pietro's sword was ready for a challenging blow in the Duke's face, but the Duchess had parted her curtains, and her hand was upon his arm ere he could swing it upward.

"Brother," she said, leaning out,—"brother, the dogs of the town sleep lightly. Do not forget it. When they awake, God may help you, but no man's hand will be of any use to keep them from your throat."

Brother and sister measured one another for an instant before the Duke-Marshal fell back a few paces, fingering his beard and mouth.

"Good night, D'Aranti," he said, jauntily. But the grin upon his face had faded.

"Good night, Duke," replied the painter. "Your jests mean nothing to her Grace. For she knows that a man possessed of great treasure will cherish it and carry it so—in secret state all his life through"—he pointed to the litter,—"nor grudge one throb of the pains of the pilgrimage."

The great gates swung back and the litter passed through. Behind it, on the threshold, D'Aranti's blade answered the salute of De Budry's. Upon that the gates clanged, and the painter headed the procession once more as it threaded the sleeping town and skirted the lake, setting its face for the place at the westward gate of the mountain spurs, where by triple rite of lover's ring and blessed water and holy book Pietro d'Aranti should take his Duchess to wife.

When dawn came down upon the Stairway of Honor, a white peregrine, trailing the fragment of a broken chain, rose over that side of the castle crag which slopes to Italy. It screamed as if fearful still of the leash which should draw it back. Three times it rose, flapping above the roof of the Duchess's wing, and thrice alighted upon the turret at the end. Suddenly it rose steadily, to circle, and circle, and circle in a great spiral, till the cloud currents on high caught it and set its flight southward.


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OR courage displayed and for importance of results few incidents in our colonial history can compare with the siege and capture of Louisburg, on Cape Breton Island, in 1745. The fact that the place ceased to be important when the whole country came under English rule has led to forgetfulness of an unsurpassed deed of bravery and skill.

A journal kept by one of the most interesting participants in that daring expedition throws much light on the event, and justifies a new account of the remarkable exploit of a few hundred New England colonists.

By the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713 France gave to England all her possessions in the Hudson Bay region, with Nova Scotia. But with incredible stupidity on the part of England the island of Cape Breton was left in the possession of France. The power that held Cape Breton controlled the gateway to Canada, and undoubtedly the French hoped that by means of it they would ultimately regain all they had lost. They had not given up the hope of being the ruling influence in North America, and as a means of realizing their dream they proceeded at once to fortify English Harbor, which they rechristened Louisburg.

In thirty years they had with great labor and vast expenditure created a fortress so strong that it was commonly called the "Dunkerque of America." The plans were by Vauban, and when it was complete the French engineers declared that "Louisburg could be defended by a garrison of women." It mounted one hundred and fifty guns, many of which were the largest then in use. It commanded the entrance to the St. Lawrence. Its spacious harbor sheltered the privateers which preyed on the commerce of the New England colonies, and in time of war would be the naval rendezvous of the French.

The occasion came at last for its possessor to show his power.

The war in Europe of the Austrian Succession gravitated quickly into a bitter struggle between the intense rivals, France and England. They formally declared war against each other in March, 1744, and the colonies in America, which had absolutely no interest in the matter at issue, were involved in the conflicts of their sovereigns. Knowledge of open hostilities reached Boston June 2, and Louisburg somewhat earlier.

The French improved this advantage of their earlier knowledge by an attack, on the 13th of May, upon Canso, a little English station within easy reach. They valiantly captured the unarmed fishermen, burned their huts, and carried their captives to Louisburg, where they held them until autumn, when they sent them to Boston,—which, for their purposes, was the worst possible use they could make of them. They were not only the best persons to rouse the colonists to defence, but they gave valuable information as to the designs of the French and the condition and strength of the fortress at Louisburg.

An expedition of between four and five hundred men was also sent from Louisburg against Annapolis, the capture of which would involve the possession of all Acadia, occupied as it was with French settlers who were unwilling subjects of the British crown. It was in no condition for defence, having suffered from the neglect with which the British ministry treated the American colonies. But it was held by about a hundred good men under Major Mascarene. A sort of poetic justice is in the fact that this defender against French invasion was a


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On May 14th Minister Rasin laid the first budget of the Czechoslovak Republic before the National Assembly. As was to be expected, the budget showed a big deficit, and yet there are many encouraging features about it, proving that sound financial principles are being applied in the public administration.

The ordinary expenditures are figured at 2,124,000 ,000 crowns, and ordinary receipts at 2,306,000,000. That gives promise that with the return of normal conditions the state will be solvent. But the heritage of five years of war makes necessary special expenses, exceeding for the year 1919 the ordinary expenditures. Dr. Rašín estimates the extraordinary outgo at 3,829,000,000 crowns, whereas special receipts to cover this immense sum are expected to bring in only 505,000,000 crowns. Thus there is a deficit in the special budget of 3,324,000,000, as against the small surplus of 182,000,000 in the regular budget.

The greatest burden is caused by the virtual continuation of the state of war. The defense of the frontiers against the Magyars, the support of the Czechoslovak army in Siberia which cannot be withdrawn by reason oi the complexity of the Russian situation, and guarding oi the long boundary against Germany and Austria make it necessary to keep under arms a force of 370,000 men. That means a serious financial burden to a small nation oi 13 million people. The Czechoslovaks hate militarism and hope to be able to reduce their army to 60,000 men, when restoration of normal conditions shall have removed dangers to their independence; Rasin hoped that the sum of 216 million crowns, included in the regular budget would then be sufficient for the support of the army. But in the special budget 460 million must be provided for the extraordinary military efforts.

Even more burdensome is the appropriation of 1,200 million for financial assistance not only to the families of actual Czechoslovak soldiers, but also to demobilized soldiers of the former Austro-Hungarian army who are either sick or invalided or unable to find work. A similar item is the appropriation of 220 million to enable the minister of food supply to sell imported flour and fats to the people at prices within the reach of the poor and middle classes. Then there are special allowances to all state employees and railroad workers to supplement their ordinary salaries which are quite inadequate to buy the necessaries of life.

To cover the deficit it will be necessary to resort to an internal loan, but a large proportion of the deficiency will be defrayed by new taxes. The minister of finance proposes the following series:

A tax on interest paid on bank deposits, amounting to six per cent; an additional progressive supplement to the land tax, a tax on all commercial transactions, a special tax for the registration of foreign companies, a stamp duty on foreign securities and on all leases. The yield of all these taxes is estimated at 250 million crowns. It will also be necessary to impose a tax of 20% on the coal output with an estimated yield of 250 million, to increase the duties on alcoholic beverages by about 106 million, and to lay a 15% tax on railroad transportation which will bring in about 150 million. In addition it is proposed to raise passenger and freight rates to take care of the deficit of the state railroads.

Much criticism was encountered by Rašín after his budget was placed before the National Assembly for discussion. Like every finance minister he is unpopular, because he is obliged to turn down many requests for appropriations on the ground that he cannot find the necessary money. He ought to be called the watchdog of the Czechoslovak treasury. On top of that came the growing dissatisfaction with the coalition government of all parties. In theory the most desirable arrangement, in practice a ministry composed of leaders of contending parties becomes a government without a policy and without authority. Party strife has grown very bitter in the Czechoslovak Republic since the enthusiastic establishment of free government. Every newspaper is a party organ, and in view of the approaching municipal elections eachceach [sic] journalist sought to make capital for his own party by criticising the acts of those administrative departments which were controlled by ministers of hostile parties. In the cabinet itself there must have been many recriminations and stormy scenes


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 which finally culminated in the offer of resignation by minister of finance Rašín and minister of commerce Stránský. Their step was hastened by indications pointing to an understanding between the socialist parties and the agrarians as against the National Democrats or the so-called bourgeois party to which the two ministers belong. President Masaryk refused to accept the resignations, and even Rašín’s enemies were not anxious that he should quit, because no one was ready to take up his work of financial reconstruction. Thus the two ministers remain at their posts.

The internal political situation at the end of May was very unsatisfactory. Partisan bitterness was growing, the bolshevist element in the social democratic party, though weak in numbers, was ever bolder, and state authority weakened appreciably. There were constant complaints of thefts on railroads and in Prague itself riots occurred as a protest against high prices and profiteering in the necessities of life.

Magyar invasion of Slovakia cleared this oppressive atmosphere. It proved that the Czech people were patriots first and partisans only afterwards. When the news came that the Magyar Reds broke through the thin cordon of Czechoslovak troops on the long line of five hundred miles from Bratislava to Bukovina, all rancor was forgotten and everyone rushed to the defence of the country. The republic was faced with a serious situation: the bolshevist regime which everyone had expected to fall down very shortly suddenly manifested remarkable military strength. Bela Kuhn had mobilized the entire manpower of the Magyar nation against the Roumanians; when the Roumanians early in May stopped their advance, he saw a chance of striking a blow against the Czechoslovaks in the north. He made attacks simultaneously along the whole line, but his real effort was directed at the northeast. He wanted to carry the authority of the Red goverment of Budapest as far as the Ukrainian districts of Galicia and Bukovina and effect a junction with the Bolsheviks of Russia. For a time he was successful to a surprising degree. His bands overran a third of Slovakia, burning and wasting the country and committing unspeakable cruelties. Captured Czechoslovak soldiers were tortured and crucified; telephone girls were mutilated, and wounded or surrounded Czechoslovak patrols preferred to shoot themselves rather than fall into the hands of the devilish Magyar executioners. Insurrections occurred in the rear of Czechoslovak positions; a twofold propaganda was carried on there, one appealing to the Magyar elements of the population, calling on them to fight Czechoslovak rule, the other using bolshevist war-cries against a bourgeois government. The Magyar armies were well equipped, since they possessed the war material surrendered by Mackensen’s army in his retreat from Roumania, and since a large part of the Austro-Hungarian military supplies had been brought back from the


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N all the great hosts of France there was only one officer towards whom the English of Wellington’s Army retained a deep, steady, and unchangeable hatred. There were plunderers among the French, and men of violence, gamblers, duellists, and roués. All these could be forgiven, for others of their kidney were to be found among the ranks of the English. But one officer of Massena’s force had committed a crime which was unspeakable, unheard of, abominable; only to be alluded to with curses late in the evening, when a second bottle had loosened the tongues of men. The news of it was carried back to England, and country gentlemen who knew little of the details of the war grew crimson with passion when they heard of it, and yeomen of the shires raised freckled fists to Heaven and swore. And yet who should be the doer of this dreadful deed but our friend the Brigadier, Etienne Gerard, of the Hussars of Conflans, gay-riding, plumetossing, debonnaire, the darling of the ladies and of the six brigades of light cavalry.

But the strange part of it is that this gallant gentleman did this hateful thing, and made himself the most unpopular man in the Peninsula, without ever knowing that he had done a crime for which there is hardly a name amid all the: resources of our language. He died of old age, and never once in that imperturbable self-confidence which adorned or disfigured his character knew that so many thousand Englishmen would gladly have hanged him with their own hands. On the contrary, he numbered this adventure among those other exploits which he has given to the world, and many a time he chuckled and hugged himself as he narrated it to the eager circle who gathered round him in that humble café where, between his dinner and his dominoes, he would tell, amid tears and laughter, of that inconceivable Napoleonic past when France, like an angel of wrath, rose up, splendid and terrible, before a cowering continent. Let us listen to him as he tells the story in his own way and from his own point of view.

You must know, my friends, said he, that it was towards the end of the year eighteen hundred and ten that I and Massena and the others pushed Wellington backwards until we had hoped to drive him and his army into the Tagus. But when we were still twenty-five miles from Lisbon we found that we were betrayed, for what had this Englishman done but build an enormous line of works and forts at a place called Torres Vedras, so that even we were unable to get through them! They lay across the whole Peninsula, and our army was so far from home that we did not dare to risk a reverse, and we had already learned at Busaco that it was no child’s play to fight against these people. What could we do then but sit down in front of these lines and blockade them to the best of our power? There we remained for six months, amid such anxieties that Massena said afterwards that he had not one hair which was not white upon his body. For my own part, I did not worry much about our situation, but I looked after our horses, who were in much need of rest and green fodder. For the rest, we drank the wine of the country and passed the time as best we might. There was a lady at Santarem—but my lips are sealed. It is the part of a gallant man to say nothing, though he may indicate that he could say a great deal.

One day Massena sent for me, and I found him in his tent with a great plan pinned upon the table. He looked at me in silence with that single piercing eye of his, and I felt by his expression that the matter was serious. He was nervous and ill at ease, but my bearing seemed to reassure him. It is good to be in contact with brave men.

“Colonel Etienne Gerard,” said he, “I have always heard that you are a very gallant and enterprising officer.”

It was not for me to confirm such a report, and yet it would be folly to deny it, so I clinked my spurs together and saluted.

“You are also an excellent rider.”

I admitted it.

“And the best swordsman in the six brigades of light cavalry.”

Massena was famous for the accuracy of his information.

“Now,” said he, “if you will look at this plan you will have no difficulty in under-

Vol. xix.— 6.


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 There are patches and wreaths of a lovely, vermilion-flowering bush rope decorating the forest, and now and again clumps of a plant that shows a yellow and crimson spike of bloom, very strikingly beautiful. We pass a long tunnel in the bush, quite dark as you look down it—evidently the path to some native town. The south bank is covered, where the falling waters have exposed it, with hippo grass. Terrible lot of mangrove flies about, although we are more than one hundred miles above the mangrove belt. River broad again—tending W.S.W., with a broad flattened island with attributive sand-banks in the middle. The fair way is along the south bank of the river. Gray Shirt tells me this river is called the O'Rembo Vongo, or small River, so as to distinguish it from the main stream of the Ogowé which goes down past the south side of Lembarene Island, as well I know after that canoe affair of mine. Ayzingo now bears due north—and native mahogany is called "Okooma." Pass village called Welli on north bank. It looks like some gipsy caravans stuck on poles. I expect that village has known what it means to be swamped by the rising river; it looks as if it had, very hastily in the middle of some night, taken to stilts, which I am sure, from their present rickety condition, will not last through the next wet season, and then some unfortunate spirit will get the blame of the collapse. I also learn that it is the natal spot of my friend Kabinda, the carpenter at Andande. Now if some of these good people I know would only go and distinguish themselves, I might write a sort of county family history of these parts; but they don't, and I fancy won't. For example, the entrance—or should I say the exit?—of a broadish little river is just away on the south bank. If you go up this river—it runs S.E.—you get to a good-sized lake; in this lake there is an island called Adole; then out of the other side of the lake there is another river which falls into the Ogowé main stream—but that is not the point of the story, which is that on that island of Adole, Ngouta, the interpreter, first saw the light. Why he ever did—there or anywhere—Heaven only knows! I know I shall never want to write his biography.

On the western bank end of that river going to Adole, there


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 nitude, to the memorialists of the dead; but in point of utility we apprehend we may vie with them.

The reader must not expect to find the present performance a finished work. That was never the case with any first attempt of the lexicographical kind, though it were confined to one science, or were a mere dictionary of language. In the present case we have laboured under peculiar difficulties. There were few books that could assist us, and few materials to which we could recur, except those, which were furnished by literary acquaintance and industrious observation. No man thoroughly knows the extent of his own memory. We have recollected more facts, as we talked ourselves more strictly; and others are undoubtedly scattered among those half obliterated traces, which all our efforts have not been sufficient to revive. Some things we have supressed from delicacy; and some will doubt-


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, a lord of Athens, in the enjoyment of a princely fortune, affected a humour of liberality which knew no limits. His almost infinite wealth could not flow in so fast, but he poured it out faster upon all sorts and degrees of people. Not the poor only tasted of his bounty, but great lords did not disdain to rank themselves among his dependants and followers. His table was resorted to by all the luxurious feasters, and his house was open to all comers and goers at Athens. His large wealth combined with his free and prodigal nature to subdue all hearts to his love; men of all minds and dispositions tendered their services to lord Timon, from the glass-faced flatterer, whose face reflects as in a mirror the present humour of his patron, to the rough and unbending cynic, who affecting a contempt of men's persons, and an indifference to worldly things, yet could not stand out against the gracious manners and munificent soul of lord Timon, but would come (against his nature) to partake of his royal entertainments, and return most rich in his own estimation if he had received a nod or a salutation from Timon.

If a poet had composed a work which wanted a recommendatory introduction to the world, he had no more to do but to dedicate it to lord Timon, and the poem was sure of sale, besides a present purse from the patron, and daily access to his house and table. If a painter had a picture to dispose of, he had only to take it to lord Timon, and


text: User:SnowyCinema/P/The White Czar (Hawkes)


text:
Author:Andrew Findlay Underhill

Works

 * Valid Objections to So-called Christian Science (1902)

Poetry collections

 * Etchings in Verse (1886)
 * The Rhymes of Goochy Goggles and His Pollywog Named "Woogles" (1926)

Individual poems

 * "The Lash of the Northland"

title: Author:Andrew Findlay Underhill


text:
Author:Olin Harris Moore

Works

 * The young king, Henry Plantagenet, 1155-1183: in Provençal and Italian literature (1913)
 * The literary methods of the Goncourts (1916)
 * The elements of French, with Josephine Turner Allin (1919)
 * The sources of Victor Hugo's Quatrevingt-Treize (1924)
 * A French reader (1925)
 * Further sources of Victor Hugo's Quatrevingt-Treize, with Victor Hugo (1926)

title: Author:Olin Harris Moore


text: Index:Financial Services and Markets Act 2000.pdf


text:
Portal:Milton Bradley Company

Published

 * The White Czar (1923) by Clarence Hawkes
 * The White Czar (1923) by Clarence Hawkes

title: Portal:Milton Bradley Company


text: Index:The electronic frailty index based on the comprehensive geriatric assessment - development and testing.pdf


text:
Page:The electronic frailty index based on the comprehensive geriatric assessment - development and testing.pdf/1

 THE ELECTRONIC FRAILTY INDEX BASED ON THE COMPREHENSIVE GERIATRIC ASSESSMENT: DEVELOPMENT AND TESTING

Betty Chinda,1 Katayoun Sepehri,2 Macy Zou,2 Mckenzie Braley,2 Antonina Garm,3 Grace Park,4 Kenneth Rockwood,5 and Xiaowei Song2, ''1. Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada, 2. Health Research and Innovation, Surrey Memorial Hospital, Fraser Health Authority, Surrey, British Columbia, Canada, 3. Community Actions and Resources Empowering Seniors, Fraser Health Authority, British Columbia, Canada, Canada, 4. Community Actions and Resources Empowering Seniors, Fraser Health Authority, Surrey, British Columbia, Canada, 5. Division of Geriatric Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada''

Frailty is characterized by loss of biological reserves across multiple systems and associated with increased risks of adverse outcomes. A Frailty Index (FI) constructed using items from the Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) has been validated in geriatric medicine settings to estimate the level of frailty. Traditionally, the CGA used a paper form and the CGA-based FI calculation was a manual process. Here, we reported building of an electronic version of the assessment on personal computers (PC), i.e., standalone eFI-CGA, to benefit frailty assessment at points of care. The eFI-CGA


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Page:The electronic frailty index based on the comprehensive geriatric assessment - development and testing.pdf/2

 was implemented as a software tool on the WinForms platform. It automated the FI calculation by counting deficits accumulation across multiple domains assessing medical conditions, cognition, balance, and dependency of activities of daily living. Debugging, testing, and optimization were performed to enhance the software performance with respect to automation accuracy (processing algorithm), friendly user interface (user manual and feedback), and data quality control (missing data and value constraints). Systematically-designed simulation dataset and anonymous real-world cases were both applied. The optimized assessment tool resulted in fast and convenient conductance of the CGA, and a 100% accuracy rate of the eFI-CGA automation for up to four decimals. The stand-alone eFI-CGA implementation has provided a PC-based software tool for use by geriatricians and primary and acute care providers, benefiting early detection and management of frailty at points of care for older adults.


text: The electronic frailty index based on the comprehensive geriatric assessment: development and testing


text:
Index:Cdc-hiv-surveillance-special-report-number-27.pdf/styles.css

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text:
Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2005/Division A/Title II

Office of the Under Secretary for Natural Resources and Environment

 * For necessary salaries and expenses of the Office of the Under Secretary for Natural Resources and Environment to administer the laws enacted by the Congress for the Forest Service and the Natural Resources Conservation Service, $741,000.

Conservation Operations

 * For necessary expenses for carrying out the provisions of the Act of April 27, 1935 (16 U.S.C. 590a-f), including preparation of conservation plans and establishment of measures to conserve soil and water (including farm irrigation and land drainage and such special measures for soil and water management as may be necessary to prevent floods and the siltation of reservoirs and to control agricultural related pollutants); operation of conservation plant materials centers; classification and mapping of soil; dissemination of information; acquisition of lands, water, and interests therein for use in the plant materials program by donation, exchange, or purchase at a nominal cost not to exceed $100 pursuant to the Act of August 3, 1956 (7 U.S.C. 428a); purchase and temporary buildings; and operation and maintenance of aircraft, $837,360,000, to remain available until June 30, 2006, of which not less than $10,500,000 is for snow survey and water forecasting, and not less than $14,433,000 is for operation and establishment of the plant materials centers, and of which not less than $23,500,000 shall be for the grazing lands conservation initiative:

 * Provided, That appropriations hereunder shall be available pursuant to 7 U.S.C. 2250 for construction and improvement of buildings and public improvements at plant materials centers, except that the cost of alterations and improvements to other buildings and other public improvements shall not exceed $250,000;

 * Provided further, That when buildings or other structures are erected on non-Federal land, that the right to use such land is obtained as provided in 7 U.S.C. 2250a;

 * Provided further, That this appropriation shall be available for technical assistance and related expenses to carry out programs authorized by section 202(c) of title II of the Colorado River Basin Salinity Control Act of 1974 (43 U.S.C. 1592(c));

 * Provided further, That qualified local engineers may be temporarily employed at per diem rates to perform the technical planning work of the Service;

 * Provided further, That none of the funds made available under this paragraph by this or any other appropriations Act may be used to provide technical assistance with respect to programs listed in section 1241(a) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3841(a)).

Watershed Surveys and Planning

 * For necessary expenses to conduct research, investigation, and surveys of watersheds of rivers and other waterways, and for small watershed investigations and planning, in accordance with the Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Act (16 U.S.C. 1001-1009), $7,083,000:

 * Provided, That none of the funds made available under this paragraph by this or any other appropriations Act may be used to provide technical assistance with respect to programs listed in section 1241(a) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3841(a)).

Watershed and Flood Prevention Operations

 * For necessary expenses to carry out preventative measures, including but not limited to research, engineering operations, methods of cultivation, the growing of vegetation, rehabilitation of existing works and changes in use of land, in accordance with the Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Act (16 U.S.C. 1001-1005 and 1007-1009), the provisions of the Act of April 27, 1935 (16 U.S.C. 590a-f), and in accordance with the provisions of laws relating to the activities of the Department, $75,576,000, to remain available until expended; of which up to $10,000,000 may be available for the watersheds authorized under the Flood Control Act (33 U.S.C. 701 and 16 U.S.C. 1006a):

 * Provided, That not to exceed $35,000,000 of this appropriation shall be available for technical assistance;

 * Provided further, That not to exceed $1,000,000 of this appropriation is available to carry out the purposes of the Endangered Species Act of 1973 (Public Law 93-205), including cooperative efforts as contemplated by that Act to relocate endangered or threatened species to other suitable habitats as may be necessary to expedite project construction;

 * Provided further, That none of the funds made available under this paragraph by this or any other appropriations Act may be used to provide technical assistance with respect to programs listed in section 1241(a) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3841(a)).

Watershed Rehabilitation Program

 * For necessary expenses to carry out rehabilitation of structural measures, in accordance with section 14 of the Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Act (16 U.S.C. 1012), and in accordance with the provisions of laws relating to the activities of the Department, $27,500,000, to remain available until expended:

 * Provided, That none of the funds made available under this paragraph by this or any other appropriations Act may be used to provide technical assistance with respect to programs listed in section 1241(a) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3841(a)).

Resource Conservation and Development

 * For necessary expenses in planning and carrying out projects for resource conservation and development and for sound land use pursuant to the provisions of sections 31 and 32 of the Bankhead-Jones Farm Tenant Act (7 U.S.C. 1010-1011; 76 Stat. 607); the Act of April 27, 1935 (16 U.S.C. 590a-f); and subtitle H of title XV of the Agriculture and Food Act of 1981 (16 U.S.C. 3451-3461), $51,641,000, to remain available until expended:

 * Provided, That none of the funds made available under this paragraph by this or any other appropriations Act may be used to provide technical assistance with respect to programs listed in section 1241(a) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3841(a));

 * Provided further, That the Secretary shall enter into a cooperative or contribution agreement with a national association regarding a Resource Conservation and Development program and such agreement shall contain the same matching, contribution requirements, and funding level, set forth in a similar cooperative or contribution agreement with a national association in fiscal year 2002;

 * Provided further, That not to exceed $3,504,300 shall be available for national headquarters activities.