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 the mountain that falls right into another hole, and is never seen again, any more than the Buea River is. How there are in certain places underground rivers, which though never seen can be heard roaring, and felt in the quivering earth under foot in the wet season, and so on. So I judged our present roar arose from some such phenomenon, and with feminine nervousness began to fear that the rotten water-logged earth we were on might give way, and engulf the whole of us, and we should never be seen again. But when we got down into our next ravine, the one where I got the fish and water-spiders on our way up, things explained themselves, The bed of this ravine was occupied by a raging torrent of great beauty, but alarming appearance to a person desirous of getting across to the other side of it. On our right hand was a waterfall of tons of water thirty feet high or so. The brown water wreathed with foam dashed down into the swirling pool we faced, and at the other edge of the pool, striking a ridge of higher rock, it flew up in a lovely flange some twelve feet or so high, before making another and a deeper spring to form a second water-fall. My men shouted to me above the roar that it was "a bad place." They never give me half the credit I deserve for seeing danger, and they said, "Water all go for hole down there, we fit to go too suppose we fall." "Don't fall," I yelled which was the only good advice I could think of to give them just then.

Each small load had to be carried across by two men along a submerged ridge in the pool, where the water was only breast high. I had all I could do to get through it, though assisted by my invaluable Bakwiri staff. But no harm befell. Indeed we were all the better for it, or at all events cleaner. We met five torrents that had to be waded during the day; none so bad as the first, but all superbly beautiful.

When we turned our faces westwards just above the wood we had to pass through before getting into the great road, the view of Victoria, among its hills, and fronted by its bay, was divinely lovely and glorious with colour, I left the boys here, as they wanted to rest, and to hunt up water, &c., among the little cluster of huts that are here on the right-hand side of the path, and I went on alone down through the wood, and

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
The Dark House

 * "The Dark House", a poem by Edwin Arlington Robinson
 * "The Dark House", a poem by Siegfried Sassoon
 * The Dark House, a novel by I. A. R. Wylie

title: The Dark House


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 out on to the road, where I found my friend, the Alsatian engineer, still flourishing and busy with his cheery gang of wood-cutters. I made a brief halt here, getting some soda water. I was not anxious to reach Victoria before nightfall, but yet to reach it before dinner, and while I was chatting, my boys came through the wood and the engineer most kindly gave them a tot of brandy apiece, to which I owe their arrival in Victoria. I left them again resting, fearing I had overdone my arrangements for arriving just after nightfall and went on down that road which was more terrible than ever now to my bruised, weary feet, but even more lovely than ever in the dying light of the crimson sunset, with all its dark shadows among the trees begemmed with countless fire-flies—and so safe into Victoria—sneaking up the Government House hill by the private path through the Botanical Gardens.

Idabea, the steward, turned up, and i asked him to let me have some tea and bread and butter, for I was dreadfully hungry. He rushed off, and I heard tremendous operations going on the room above. In a few seconds water poured freely down through the dining-room ceiling. It was bath palaver again. The excellent Idabea evidently thought it was severely wanted, more wanted than such vanities as tea. Fortunately, Herr von Lucke was away down in town, looking after duty as usual, so I was tidy before he returned to dinner. When he returned he had the satisfaction a prophet should feel. I had got half-drowned, and I had got an awful cold, the most awful cold in the head of modern times, I believe, but he was not artistically exultant over my afflictions.

My men having all reported themselves safe I went to my comfortable rooms, but could not turn in, so fascinating was the warmth and beauty down here; and as I sat on the verandah overlooking Victoria and the sea, in the dim soft light of the stars, with the fire-flies round me, and the lights of Victoria away below, and heard the soft rush of the Lukola River, and the sound of the sea-surf on the rocks, and the tom-tomming and singing of the natives, all matching and mingling together, "Why did I come to Africa?" thought I. Why! who would not come to its twin brother hell itself for all the beauty and the charm of it!


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 ther the one or the other, Ailie, for I have some reasons for the present to conceal my being alive from every one but you; and, as for the lairdship of Milnwood, it is in as good hands."

"As good hands, hinny!" re-echoed Ailie; "I'm hopefu' ye are no meaning mine? The rents and the lands are but a sair fash to me. And I'm ower failed to tak a help-mate, though Wylie Mactrickit the writer was very pressing and spak very civilly; but I'm ower auld a cat to draw that strae before me. He canna whillywha me as he's dune mony a ane. And then I thought aye ye wad come back, and I wad get my pickle meal and my soup milk, and keep a' things right about ye as I used to do in your puir uncle's time, and it wad be just pleasure aneugh for me to see ye thrive and guide the gear canny—Ye'll hae learned that in Holland, I'se warrant, for they're thrifty folk there, as I hear tell—But ye'll be for keeping rather a mair house than puir auld Miln-


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 wood that's gane; and, indeed, I would approve o' your eating butcher-meat maybe as aften as three times a-week—it keeps the wind out o' the stamack."

"We will talk of all this another time," said Morton, surprised at the generosity upon a large scale, which mingled in Ailie's thoughts and actions with habitual and sordid parsimony, and at the odd contrast between her love of saving and indifference to self-acquisition." You must know," he continued, that I am in this country only for a few days on some special business of importance to the government, and therefore, Ailie, not a word of having seen me. At some other time I will acquaint you fully with my motives and intentions."

"E'en be it sae, my jo," replied Ailie, "I can keep a secret like my neighbours; and weel auld Milnwood kenn'd it, honest man, for he tauld me where he keepit his gear, and that's what maist folks like to hae as private as possibly may be.—But


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 come awa' wi' me, hinny, till I show ye the oak-parlour how grandly it's keepit, just as if ye had been expected hame every day—I loot naebody sort it but my ain hands. It was a kind o' divertisement to me, though whiles the tear wan into my e'e, and I said to mysel, what needs I fash wi' grates, and carpets, and cushions, and the muckle brass candlesticks ony mair? for they'll ne'er come hame that aught it rightfully."

With these words she hauled him away to this sanctum sanctorum, the scrubbing and cleansing whereof was her daily employment, as its high state of good order constituted the very pride of her heart. Morton, as he followed her into the room, underwent a rebuke for not "dighting his shoon," which shewed that Ailie had not relinquished her habits of authority. On entering the oak-parlour, he could not but recollect the feelings of solemn awe with which, when a boy, he had been affected at his occasional and rare admission to an


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 apartment which he then supposed had not its equal save in the halls of princes. It may be readily supposed, that the worked worsted-chairs, with their short ebony legs and long upright backs, had lost much of their influence over his mind, that the large brass andirons seemed diminished in splendour, that the green worsted tapestry appeared no masterpiece of the Arras loom, and that the room appeared; on the whole, dark, gloomy, and disconsolate. Yet there were two objects, "The counterfeit presentment of two brothers," which, dissimilar as those described by Hamlet, affected his mind with a variety of sensations. One full-length portrait represented his father, in complete armour, with a countenance indicating his masculine and determined character; and the other set forth his uncle in velvet and brocade, looking as if he were ashamed of his own finery, though entirely indebted for it to the liberality of the painter.


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 "It was an idle fancy," Ailie said, "to dress the honest auld man in thae expensive fal-lalls that he ne'er wore in his life, instead o' his douce Raploch grey, and his band wi' the narrow edging."

In private, Morton could not help being much of her opinion; for any thing approaching to the dress of a gentleman sate as ill on the ungainly person of his relative as an open or generous expression would have done on his mean and money-making features. He now extricated himself from Ailie to visit some of his haunts in the neighbouring wood, while her own hands made an addition to the dinner she was preparing; an incident no otherwise remarkable than as it cost the life of a fowl, which, for any event of less importance than the arrival of Henry Morton, might have cackled on to a good old age, ere Ailie could have been guilty of the extravagance of killing and dressing it. The meal was seasoned by talk of old times, and by the plans which Ailie laid


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 out for futurity, in which she assigned her young master all the prudential habits of her old one, and planned out the dexterity with which she was to exercise her duty as governante. Morton let the old woman enjoy her day-dreams and castle-building during moments of such pleasure, and deferred, till some fitter occasion, the communication of his purpose again to return and spend his life upon the continent.

His next care was to lay aside his military dress, which he considered likely to render more difficult his researches after Burley. He exchanged it for a grey doublet and cloak, formerly his usual attire at Milnwood, and which Mrs Wilson produced from a chest of walnut-tree, wherein she had laid them aside, without forgetting carefully to brush and air them from time to time. Morton retained his sword and fire-arms, without which few persons travelled in these unsettled times. When he appeared in his new attire, Mrs Wilson was first thankful "that they fitted


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 him sae decently, since, though he was nae fatter, yet he looked mair manly than when he was ta'en frae Milnwood."

Next she enlarged on the advantage of saving old clothes to be what she called beet-masters to the new, and was far advanced in the history of a velvet cloak belonging to the late Milnwood, which had first been converted to a velvet doublet, and then into a pair of breeches, and appeared each time as good as new, when Morton interrupted her account of its transmigrations to bid her good-bye.

He gave, indeed, a sufficient shock to her feelings, by expressing the necessity he was under of proceeding on his journey that evening.

"And where are ye gaun?—And what wad ye do that for?—And whar wad ye sleep. but, in: your ain house, after ye hae heen sae many years frae hamer?"

"I feel all the unkindhess of it, Ailie, but it must be so; and that was the reason that I attempted to conceal myself from


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had been my intention when I landed at Victoria either to procure a canoe and go round into that black mud mangrove-swamp-fringed river the Rio del Rey, or to get the Ambas Bay Trading Company to run me round to their trading station in that river on their little steamer. Once in the Rio del Rey I knew I could get a canoe to paddle me through the creek into the Akwayafe river, a fourteen hours' paddle. And then I expected to be able to get up in a canoe to that remarkable gentleman, Mr. Holmes, who, I was confident, would send me round somehow into the Calabar, if I could only make him hear that I wanted to go there.

Had the desire to get myself killed, with which I am constantly being taxed, been my real and only motive for going to West Africa, I should have rigidly adhered to this fine variegated plan, all the more so, because Herr von Lucke said it was highly dangerous during the tornado season to go in the open and deep sea round from Victoria to Rio del Rey in a canoe, because of the violent storms that sweep down suddenly from the mountain and the unhandiness of the native craft. He, with his abiding accuracy regarding statistics and detail, said two in six native canoes so going, got lost with all hands, and he added it would be better for me to go round to Calabar


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 lings Scots for your supper; but young folks are aye venturesome, and think to get siller that way. My puir auld maister took a surer gait, and never parted wi' it when he had anes gotten't."

Persevering in his desperate resolution, Morton took leave of Ailie, and mounted his horse to proceed to the little town, after exacting a solemn promise that she would conceal his return until she again saw or heard from him.

"I am not very extravagant," was his natural reflection, as he trotted slowly towards the town; "but were Ailie and I to set up house together, as she proposes, I think my profusion would break the good old creature's heart before a week were out."


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 you, as I suspected you would not let me part from you so easily."

"But whar are ye gaun, then?" said Ailie, once more: "Saw e'er mortal e'en the like o' you, just to come ae moment, and iflee awa' like an arrow out of a bow the neist!"

"I must go down," replied Morton, "to Niel Blane the Piper's Howff; he can give me a bed, I suppose?"

"A bed?—I'se warrant can he," replied Ailie, "and gar ye pay weel for't into the bargain. Laddie, I dare say ye hae lost your wits in thae foreign parts, to gang and gi'e siller for a supper and a bed, and might hae baith for naething, and thanks t'ye for accepting them."

"I assure you, Ailie," said Morton, desirous to silence her remonstrances, "that this is a business of great importance, in which I may be a great gainer, and cannot possibly be a loser."

"I dinna see how that can be, if ye begin by gi'eing maybe the feck o' twal shil-


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liv From these Mer-women, who “skimmed aloof like white cygnets” at sight of him, Hagen snatches up “their wondrous raiment;" on condition of returning which, they rede him his fortune; how this expedition is to speed. At first favourably;

She said; “To Etzel’s country Of a truth ye well may hie,

For here I pledge my hand, Now kill me if I lie,

That heroes seeking honour Did never arrive thereat

So richly as ye shall do, Believe thou surely that.”

But no sooner is the wondrous raiment restored them than they change their tale; for in spite of that matchless honour, it appears eyery one of the adventurous Recken is to perish.

Outspake the wild Mer-woman: “I tell thee it will arrive,

Of all your gallant host No man shall be left alive,

Except King Gunther’s chaplain, As we full well do know;

He only, home returning, To the Rhine-land back shall go.”

Then spake Von Troneg Hagen, is wrath did fiercely swells

“Such tidings to my master I were right loath to tell,

That in King Etzel’s country We all must lose our life:

Yet show me over the water, Thou wise all-knowing wife.”

Thereupon, seeing him bent on ruin, she gives directions how to find the ferry, but withal counsels him to deal warily; the ferry-house stands on the other side of the river; the boatman, too, is not only the hottest-tempered of men, but rich and indolent; nevertheless, if nothing else will serve, let Hagen call himself Amelrich, and that name will bring him. All happens as predicted: the boatman, heedless of all shouting and offers of gold clasps, bestirs him lustily at the name of Amelrich; but the more indignant is he, on taking-in his fare, to find it a counterfeit. He orders Hagen, if he toves his life, to leap out.

“Now say not that,” spake Hagen; “Right hard am I bested,

Take from me for good friendship This clasp of gold so red;

And row our thousand heroes And steeds across this river.”

Then spake the wrathful boatman, “That will I surely never.”


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reached the borough town without meeting with any remarkable adventure, and alighted at the little inn. It had occurred to him more than once, while upon his journey, that his resumption of the dress which he had worn while a youth, although favourable to his views in other respects, might render it more difficult for him to remain incognito. But a few years of campaigns and wandering had so changed his appearance, that he had great confidence that in the grown man, whose brows exhibited the traces of resolution and considerate thought, none would recognize the raw and bashful stripling who won the game of the popinjay. The only


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 chance was, that here and there some whig, whom he had led to battle, might remember the Captain of the Milnwood Marksmen; but the risk, if there was any, could not be guarded against.

The Howff seemed full and frequented as if possessed of all its old celebrity. The person and demeanour of Niel Blane, more fat and less civil than of yore, intimated that he had increased as well in purse as in corpulence; for in Scotland a landlord's complaisance for his guests decreases in exact proportion to his rise in the world. His daughter had acquired the air of a dexterous bar-maid, undisturbed by the circumstances of love and war, so apt to perplex her in the exercise of her vocation. Both shewed Morton the degree of attention which could have been expected by a stranger travelling without attendants, at a time when they were particularly the badges of distinction. He took upon himself exactly the character his appearance presented,—went to the stable and saw


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 she gives birth to a child during that period;

she remarries her divorcee; or

a court order permits the marriage.

A person who adopts a child shall not marry the child so adopted.

If a man or woman who has not yet attained majority is to marry, the last three paragraphs of section 1435 shall apply mutatis mutandis.

A person who shall give consent may give it—

by signing the register at the time of registration of the marriage;

in writing containing the names of the persons who are to marry and the signature of the consent giver; or

orally before at least two witnesses, if necessity arises.

Upon being given, the consent shall become irrevocable.

A marriage under this Code shall be valid only upon registration.

A marriage between Siamese subjects or between a Siamese subject and a foreigner may be made in

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Rh

Then one of his oars he lifted, Right broad it was and long,

He strack it down on Hagen, Did the hero mickle wrong,

That in the boat he staggered, And alighted on his knee;

Other such wrathful boatman Did never the Troneger see.

His proud unbidden guest He would now provoke still more,

He struck his head so stoutly That it broke in twain the oar,

With strokes on head of Hagen; He was a sturdy wight:

Nathless had Gelfrat’s boatman Small profit of that fight.

With fiercely-raging spirit The Troneger turn’d him round,

Clatch’d quick enough his scabbard, And a weapon there he founds

He smote his head from off him, And cast it on the sand,

Thus had that wrathful boatman His death from Hagen’s hand.

Even as Von Troneg Hagen The wrathful boatman slew,

The boat whirl’d round to the river, He had work enough to do;

Or ever he turn’d it shorewards, To weary he began,

But kept full stoutly rowing, The bold King Gunther's man.

He wheel’d it back, brave Hagen, With many a lusty stroke,

The strong oar, with such rowing, In his hand asunder broke;

He fain would reach the Recken, Ail waiting on the shore,

No tackle now he had; Hei, how deftly he spliced the oar,

With thong from off his buckler! It was a slender band;

Right over against a forest He drove the boat to land;

Where Gunther’s Recken waited, In crowds along the beach;

Full many a goodly hero Moved down his boat to reach.

Hagen ferries them over himself “into the unknown land,” like a right rare steersman; yet ever brooding fiercely on that prediction of the wild Mer-woman, which had outdone even his own dark forebodings. Seeing the Chaplain, who alone of them


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 speak. The colonel also talked about the opera and about an illumination. Then, saying something about a supposititious folle journée at Turin, the colonel, laughing, got up, and took his departure. Levin also got up, but a look of surprise on the countess's face told him that it was not yet time for him to go. Two minutes more at least were necessary. He sat down.

But, as he thought what a foolish figure he was cutting, he was more and more incapable of finding a subject of conversation.

"Are you going to the public meeting?" asked the countess. "They say it will be very interesting."

"No, but I promised my belle-soeur that I would call for her there," replied Levin.

Silence again ensued; the mother exchanged a look with her daughter.

"Now it must be time to go," thought Levin; and he rose. The ladies shook hands with him, and charged him with mille choses for his wife.

The Swiss, as he put on his shuba for him, asked his address, and wrote it gravely in a large, handsomely bound book.

"Of course, it's all the same to me; but how useless and ridiculous it all is!" thought Levin, comforting himself with the thought that every one did the same thing, and he went to the public meeting of the committee, where he was to find his sister-in-law to bring her home with him.

At the public meeting of the committee there was a great throng of people, and society was well represented. Levin reached the place just in time to hear a sketch which all said was very interesting. When the reading of the sketch was finished, society came together, and Levin met Sviazhsky, who invited him to come that very evening to a meeting of the Society of Rural Economy, at which a very important report was to be read. He also met Stepan Arkadyevitch, who had just returned from the races, and many other acquaintances, and Levin talked much and heard many opinions relating to

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 a foreign country according to the form designated by the law of Siam or the law of that country.

Registration of the marriage under the previous paragraph may be executed by a diplomat or consul of Siam according to the form designated by the law of Siam.

Any person whose marriage has already been registered can no longer have another marriage registered, save where he or she successfully proves that the previous marriage has been dissolved by death, divorce, or judicial annulment.

When either or both of a man and woman are under imminent danger of death, if they express an intention to marry each other and their marriage is later registered, the marriage shall be deemed to take effect from the day of expression of the intention.

A husband and wife are required to cohabit together as husband and wife.

A husband and wife must support and maintain each other.

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 In designating the maintenance, regard shall be had to the circumstances of the case as well as the income and standing of the parties.

No person is required to maintain another person when he or she has other obligations which prevent him or her from providing maintenance without jeopardising his or her own maintenance appropriate for his or her standing.

When an interested person successfully demonstrates that the circumstances, income, or standing of a party have changed, the court may order revocation, decrease, increase, or regrant of maintenance, as the case may be.

Maintenance shall be paid periodically in a monetary form as designated. But if there is a special reason, an agreement may be adopted or a request may be made to a court to have it paid otherwise.

The right to receive maintenance cannot be waived, seized, or transferred.

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 in the Nachtigal, a powerful little guard-ship which acts as the Governor of Cameroons' yacht. "True, O King!" I replied, "but I am not the Governor of Cameroons." He bowed and said he knew that, but the Nachtigal was in a few days coming into Victoria on her way to Calabar with Herr von Besser, who was the German representative on the Calabar-Cameroon Delimitation Commission, and that he was sure Governor von Puttkamer would allow me to go round in her. Previous experience of the kindness and courtesy of Governor von Puttkamer made me feel Herr von Lucke was right, and I gladly accepted this generous offer and proceeded to wait for the Nachtigal, and a very pleasant process this was.

The first day after my return from the mountain, Herr von Lucke suggested what he called a walk, and what I knew meant an affair of fourteen miles or so, taken at a good five miles an hour. And I, being as stiff as a table-leg, declined. Then he suggested going to see the islands in the bay in a boat, and I did not decline, and off we went.

This Bay of Amboises, commonly called Ambas Bay, is without doubt both the most lovely and the most fertile spot on the whole of the western side of the continent of Africa; and experienced mariners who have wandered far and wide say that it has few rivals in either quality in any other region of the world. To me with my experience of the world strictly limited to England and West Africa, it is an unthinkable thing that there can be any place more perfect in loveliness, majesty, colour and charm, with its circumambient mountains to landward—mountains that rise out of its dark, clear waters to heights from 3,000 to 13,760 feet. At their feet is just one narrow strip of flat shore, on which, nestling among the mango trees, is the pretty, long, ribbon-like town of Victoria—a soft brown native town, here and there speckled with a few white European buildings, while in the bay itself are three islands—Ambas, Mondoleh and Bobia—and several pinnacle rocks with energetic acrobats of trees growing in among their clefts and crevices.

Ambas and Bobia Islands are perfect gems of beauty. Mondoleh I cannot say I admire. It always looks to me exactly like one of those flower-stands full of ferns and plants


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 The impression this letter made on us, resumed the Austrian, cannot be described. I read in the countenance of my friend the bitterest reproaches, for having seduced him to employ the infernal arts of Volkert to so shameless a purport.

The serious unhappy turn which this dark transaction began to take, made us apprehend that it would end with a most melancholy catastrophe, yet all our apprehensions were trifles light as air in comparison to the dreadful anxiety which poor. Volkert was overwhelmed with, when these said tidings were reported to him. We now plainly comprehended the tendency of the mysterious words he had uttered, when we had seen him last—I never saw a man in a more distressing situation than he was as he perused the Baron's letter. His agony rendered him almost distracted, when he came to the conclusion of that melancholy epistle. He wrung his hands in wild despair, was beating his breast, and tearing his hair, exclaiming in an accent


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 of unspeakable agony, "I am undone! I am undone!"

Then he fell on his knees, imploring us for God's sake to spare him, and to save him from ignominy and ruin. "I have foreseen it," groaned he, "I have foreseen it; O had I but that time not suffered myself to be deluded to lend an helping hand to that wicked infernal transaction!"

We did all that lay in our power to make him easy, and promised him to take all disagreeable consequences upon ourselves; however, he would not listen to the comfort we administered to him.

"I am too much known," exclaimed he, and left us in wild despair.

I now consulted with my friend what was to be done, and we agreed at last that it would be best not to answer the Baron's letter, but quietly to await his arrival. Volkert, who


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 —the sort that you come across in senemens at home, with wire-work legs, I do not mean that Mondoleh has wire-work legs under water, but it looks as if it might have. It is a bunch of crammed-together vegetation, half a mile long, 200 feet high, with rocky but rich soil made of a combination of decomposed rock and decomposed vegetation. On Mondoleh there is a very nice house, built, I believe, by that indefatigable consul Sir H. H. Johnston, once of Calabar, now of East Africa. As long as ever we have held Calabar it has been regarded as an unhealthy place to live in, so unhealthy that it was also regarded as a certainty that anywhere else must necessarily be better. At first when consuls were established there, they and the missionaries used to think it advisable to leave it during the wet season and go on to Fernando Po, which island we held up to 1858 as a naval depot for the suppression of the slave trade. Then Fernando Po, by means of several epidemics of yellow fever, demonstrated that it could not be regarded as a health resort, and Mondoleh was selected as a more suitable site for a consular residence. This house was then built nearly at its summit on the seaward side of the island, and was used until the Niger Coast Protectorate was formed under the governorship of Sir Claude MacDonald. This energetic officer soon recognised that let the healthiness of Mondoleh be what it might, it was an inconvenient spot for a consul to have as his chief residence; because, for one thing, it was a difficult place to get on to,and for another a difficult place to get off from, as the only means of doing either of these things was to wait for a man-of-war coming along, or to go knocking about this very draughty bit of rocky Atlantic in an open gig. Also there was not enough room on it for the enlarged staff and the Haussa troops. So Sir Claude built the present fine Government head-quarters in Old Calabar, and not being a man who would leave his staff to live or die in a place where he would not do so himself, he disposed of the house at Mondoleh to the German Governor, who was most anxious to possess it, for it was the only piece of British territory left in Cameroon, and its acquisition as it were rounded off the German Empire. It is not now used as a residence for any one but a black caretaker and his family,


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 Governor von Puttkamer having a belief in the healthiness of residences open to sea breezes—a belief I do not share. Nor, evidently, did the builder of the residence on Mondoleh, for they are carefully excluded by a dense plantation of gigantic bamboos and heavily-latticed, deep verandahs, making the interior of the house very dark. The landing at Mondoleh also is bad, the water round being deep and the island's sides precipitous and rocky. From the little landing-place there is the most awful sort of staircase made carefully with logs and stone up the steep hill-side to the residence. I shall never forget either going up or coming down those stairs. There is every convenience for taking a headlong dive into the deep Atlantic on one side of it and dense bush on the other, and not two of those steps are either the same height or the same distance apart. A friend of mine who had once tried them assured me it was "exactly like going up the Tower of London when you were drunk." He may have been right, for certainly the steps gave one, in the blazing heat, a feeling of bewilderment after the first dozen or so. When I was there last, the heavy tornado rains had caused a landslip from the top of the island to the bottom, which now shows as a yellow sear, and which nearly swept the staircase clean away.

Ambas Island is the outermost island in the bay. It is smaller and lower than Mondoleh and but little forested, Indeed most of it is only covered with brushwood and grass, for there is not much soil among its rocks. It now belongs to an officer of the Hyæna, who won it in a raffle for 500 marks. But although Ambas Island is very beautiful, and so on, I do not think the returns on the invested capital will be high for some years to come. It has no human habitation or inhabitants yet on it, and its population consists of goats and pigs. The most noticeable thing about Ambas Island is the fact that both the English and the Germans have got it arranged wrong on their charts. Bobia is the most interesting of all the three islands. It is on a line with the Pirate rocks. Indeed it is really one of them, only slightly bigger than its neighbours, and it is called sometimes Pirate Island. Its sides are strictly perpendicular, and you can get to the top by a projecting rock ridge which runs up the cliff on the northern


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 was now more submissive and humble than ever, came frequently to see us, and approved our resolution; but he was always in the greatest anxiety when the idea of the Baron's arrival crossed his mind. Mean while the time when we were to expect the Baron drew nearer and nearer.

Six weeks were now nearly elapsed since we had received his last letter. One morning as I was reading, and smoaking my pipe, with much tranquillity, my servant entered my room, telling me, a foreign officer desired to see me. Not suspecting that I should be the first person to whom the Baron would give notice of his being arrived, I was struck with surprise when I beheld Baron T before me, and I cannot but confess that I was seized with horror, when I saw him. The marks of a recent dangerous illness were still visible on his pale countenance; his gloomy melancholy aspect strongly denoted the sufferings of a deeply afflicted mind, and his whole carriage horribly reminded me of the


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 side. I did not go up, for the day I was taken round it the weather was too rough for us to get to the ledge of rock on which you land. Strangely enough, this rocky and least fertile of all the islands in Ambas Bay is densely inhabited by a quantity of fisher-folk and their wives, families, pigs, and goats, all living together in a village on the top, facing seawards. Facing landwards they have made on the top of a sheer cliff a long bench, on which the fishermen sit in a row most of the day, watching Victoria, while their wives look after the rest of the inhabitants and do odd jobs generally, and I should imagine these good ladies must lead anxious lives for fear of either the children or the live stock falling out of the village into the sea. At night Ambas Bay is dotted all over with the torches of these fishermen, as they seem to do most of their fishing by spearing, and they are obliged to be industrious at their profession because among other inconveniences Bobia has no water, and all the water has to be bought and brought from the mainland and there is no room for a plantation. Besides, the pig population is too heavy to allow of agriculture. I deeply regret not having been able to bring home a Bobia pig. One would have caused a profound sensation at the Royal Agricultural Show. These interesting animals are black in colour, as indeed is common in African pigs, two-thirds head, and after a very small and very flat bit of body, end in an inordinately long tail. Their mental dispositions are lively, frolicsome and extremely nomadic and predatory. The Chief of Bobia, in a burst of affection, gave Herr von Lucke one just before I arrived in Victoria, and a good deal of my time while waiting to start up Mungo, was spent in assisting Idabea and the steward boys in chivying this pig, err von Lucke had given strict orders it was to be kept tied up, and solemnly warned his retainers they were responsible for its safe keeping. But somehow or another it was always slipping its cable and getting away, and I used to meet it away in the Botanical Gardens, and in fact in so many unexpected places that I should not have been surprised to have met it anywhere. After my first few days' experience of it, whenever I met it I used first to try and secure it, and then failing brilliantly, post off uphill and report its


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 iniquities. All household work would be suspended for the next hour or so, and finally, after giving good sport, the pig would be brought back squealing by triumphant and heated stewards.

When I got back to Victoria one of my first inquiries was after that Bobia pig. I instantly saw I had aroused sad memories, and learnt that the cook—its most responsible custodian—was under arrest, though out on bail—on its behalf It seems it got adrift as usual, and when the hunt was started no pig was to be found, so cook, fearing the ire of Germany, posts off into the town and gets hold of the first pig there he can lay hands on. Now this pig was the property of a lady—a woman of spirit, and she clouted cook and swore cook clouted her. But anyhow cook bore off his prize, and tied it up in place of the Bobia pig, trusting that his busy master would not notice the difference in the two pigs, and would not hear of his raid. His hopes were vain. Herr von Lucke saw that this succulent little porker was not the offering from Bobia, and with a truly Roman sense of duty, handed his own cook over to be tried by the native court, presided over by the Baptist minister and two local chiefs. The case took nearly all day, and all the Government House staff had to be absent from their work, giving evidence as to the character of the cook, and the pig, and so on. The case went against cook in the end, and he had to pay damages to the injured lady and return his capture. What became of the original Bobia pig I do not know, for it had not been found up to the time of my leaving Victoria.

The problem why so many people choose to reside on this isolated rock is quite as great as the problem of the whereabouts of that pig. Their own explanation is that the people on the mainland were too bad for respectable people to live among; in short, as Mr, Micawber would say, they were driven on to the island; but then you can very rarely believe what people say about themselves in West Africa. Then the people on the mainland say that they, the mainlanders, are injured innocents, and that the men of Bobia live on that island so as to carry on to greater advantage piratical practices: hence the name Pirate Island that Bobia hears, and that—but then again


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lvi all was to return, standing in the boat beside his chappelsoume (pyxes and other sacred furniture), he determines to belie at least this part of the prophecy, and on a sudden hurls the chaplain overboard. Nay as the poor priest swims after the boat, he pushes him down, regardless of all remonstrance, resolved that he shall die. Nevertheless it proved not so: the chaplain made for the other side; when his strength failed, “then God’s hand helped him,” and at length he reached the shore. Thus does the stern truth stand revealed to Hagen, by the very means he took for eluding it: “he thought with himself these Recken must all lose their lives.” From this time, a grim reckless spirit takes possession of him; a courage, an audacity, waxing more and more into the fixed strength of desperation. The passage once finished, he dashes the boat in pieces, and casts it in the stream, greatly as the others wonder at him.

“Why do ye this, good brother?” Said the Ritter Dankwart then;

“How shall we cross this river, When the road we come again?

Returning home from Hunland, Here must we lingering stay?”—

Not then did Hagen tell him That return no more could they.

In this shipment “into the unknown land,” there lies, for the more penetrating sort of commentators, some hidden meaning and allusion. The destruction of the unreturning Ship, as of the Ship Argo, of Æneas’s Ships, and the like, is a constant feature of such traditions; it is thought, this ferrying of the Nibelungen has a reference to old Scandinavian Mythuses; nay to the oldest, most universal emblems shaped out by man’s Imagination; Hagen the ferryman being, in some sort, a type of Death, who ferries over his thousands and tens of thousands into a Land still more unknown.

But leaving these considerations, let us remark the deep fearful interest which, in gathering strength, rises to a really tragical


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 detestable dark transaction of that unhappy fatal night. He entered my room bowing silently, and began, after a portentous pause, to address me thus:

"Sir, you are the second of Mr. C, who has injured me in a most glaring and disgraceful manner; first, by having insulted me in public, and then by having employed infernal arts to torment me; I dare say you are no stranger to the horrid means your friend has made use of in order to let me feel his wrath: I will not publicly accuse your friend of that black shameless transaction, the dreadful effects of which you can still read in my countenance; however, he shall answer me with his heart's blood, for that ignominious transaction, and for the sufferings he has made me undergo. I have written to him, but he has not thought it proper to answer my letter, which is a certain proof of his having been concerned in that horrid deed, the reality of which I am now


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 No action to exercise a claim under a provision of a will shall be instituted upon the passage of one year from the time the legatee learnt or should have learnt of his rights under the will.

Subject to section 189 of this Code, if a claim which a creditor has over the inheritance owner is subject to a limitation period longer than one year, the creditor shall be prohibited from instituting an action upon the passage of one year from the time he learnt or should have learnt of the death of the inheritance owner.

Nevertheless, no action to exercise such claim as mentioned in any of the previous paragraphs shall be instituted upon the passage of ten years from the death of the inheritance owner.

Such one-year limitation can be raised as a defence only by an heir or person entitled to exercise the rights of an heir or by an inheritance administrator.

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 you can hardly ever believe what people say about each other in West Africa, so the problem is unsolved.

The Pirate rocks extend S. W. from Bobia Island, and are quite uninhabited. It is possible, at certain states of the tide, in calm weather, to get from Bobia to the nearest one, on which there are a few trees. The next rock has a remarkable hole in it through which the water flies in a great jet, and as the weather was rough the day we were round it, this showed grandly. The others that are above water are mere rocky pinnacles.

These rocks are by no means all the rocks in Ambas Bay, which, like Corisco Bay, though to a far less extent, is not half so good a harbour as it looks on a map.

In 1858 the Spanish Government decided definitely to retake possession of Fernando Po, which had been lent to the English for the purpose of forming a naval depot for suppressing the slave trade, and in May of that year, the Spanish man-of-war Vasco Nuñez de Balboa came into Clarence and issued a lengthy proclamation, one article of which was:—"The religion of this colony is that of the Roman Catholic Church, as the only one of the kingdom of Spain, with the exclusion of any other, and no other religious profession is tolerated or allowed but that made by the missionaries of the aforesaid Catholic religion, and no school allowed."

This proclamation, says Mr. Hutchinson, who was then the English consul for the Bights, fell like a bombshell amongst the inhabitants of Clarence, who had been since 1843 under the religious superintendence of the Baptist missionaries, and who, since their first settlement there under Captain Owen in 1827, had considered themselves to be safely under the protection of the British Government, and therefore entitled to perfect liberty of religious worship. A remonstrance was at once made by the Baptists against this proclamation as being contrary "to that liberty of worship decreed and allowed by Don J. O. de Lorena, captain of the Spanish Navy and commander of the brig Nervion, in the year 1844, and confirmed by the Spanish Consul-General (the Chevalier Guillemard) in the year 1846." This remonstrance further


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 fully convinced of; I know every thing, even the wretch who has assisted in the performance of that diabolical business. Do not ask me how I came to know it."

He spoke this with such an emphasis, that I was unable to utter a single word in defence of my friend, and he appearing not to expect any thing of that kind, added, after a short pause,

"My arm is not yet fit to manage the sword, for which reason I request, he may bring with him two brace of pistols. You may tell this your friend, I hope he will not oblige me to force him to accept my terms. At seven o'clock next morning I shall be at the spot we have appointed long ago, 'till then farewell, and tell your friend that I have not waited on him, because he prefers to converse with unbodied beings, and that I have written to him no more because he has not thought proper to answer my last letter."


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 shape can be more or less altered, enabling some species ta crawl about like a leech. Other muscles assist the movements of the ciliated wreath, as well as those of the tail-foot. Under careful illumination I have occasionally observed muscular striæ.

The body-cavity, with its various internal organs, is protected by an integument of greater or less firmness, shaped like a shield, a boat, a spindle, a vase, and so forth, in those cases where the integument is hardest, it may be termed the lorica, corresponding to the carapace of Enntomostraca, and having a similar chitinous composition. Its surface is bare of cilia, but it is not infrequently armed with lateral or terminal spines. The only approach to an articulate appendage possessed by Rotifera is that which I have called the tail-foot. It is not a prolongation of the back, and is, therefore, not a true tail. Coming off from the under surface of the body, below the anal orifice, it may be regarded as a kind of foot. It is capable of being shortened, either on the telescopic principle, or, when soft, by contracting in wrinkles. The basal portion varies considerably in length, being reduced sometimes to a mere stump. At its narrower end are often inserted, movably, one, two, or three styles, or dagger-like bristles, which may be very long. When these are two in number, they strongly remind us of a pair of scissors; when they are three, the middle one is small. With this organ the Rotifers steer themselves in the act of swimming, or hold on to some support while groping about for food, or even, in a few instances, take veritable leaps.

With regard to reproduction, the same phenomena of parthenogenesis have been observed, which we noticed when describing the Entomastraca. The young are born from two very distinct kinds of eggs; the summer eggs, which are generally, if not always, virgin produce; and the Winter eggs, which have been duly fecundated. The latter are preserved against the cold by a peculiar shell, tl spring returns to hatch them. While the females multiply in enormous numbers, the males are very rarely met with. The latter, moreover, are, as a rule, so unlike the former in appearance, that it is difficult to recognise them as belonging to the same species. It is a curious fact, that in all males the alimentary canal is either absent or rudimentary. Whey are, consequently, short-lived.

Before briefly considering particular examples of Rotifera, I will here give my authorities for the preceding anatomical sketch, while naming a few works to which the student can refer for a fuller account of the subject. He will find that the ablest observers are by no means unanimous on many important points in the anatomy and life-history of these somewhat puzzling animals.

Works of reference:—Pritchard's "Infusoria;" Rolleston's Forms of Animal Life;" Huxley's "Anatomy of the Invertebrated Animals;" Gosse's "Papers in the Philosophical Transactions."


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 entreated that the execution of the foregoing decree should be delayed until a final appeal could be made to the Queen of Spain. The commander of the Balboa, Don Carlos Chacon, courteously expressed his readiness to forward this memorial to his Queen, and this was done; but things still proving most unsatisfactory to the Baptists, they decided to leave Clarence and make a settlement at the foot of Cameroon Mountain, in Ambas Bay, which was then regarded as British property, and this settlement they called Victoria. The Baptist missionary at Clarence in those days was a Mr. Saker, to whom we are indebted for a great deal of valuable scientific information about this region, and whose name is still held in great reverence among the native Baptists on the West Coast. This gentleman with his family and two or three families of the native members of his church, went to Victoria, acquired a large stretch of land there—a possession which has been honourably acknowledged by the present German Government—and built their new church and schools, and to this day they are the dominant party in Victoria, under the leadership of Mr. Wilson, who came over when a boy with Mr. Saker. Mr. Wilson has been appointed as magistrate, and presides over a bench whose other members are two chiefs; and before this bench come all the minor offences of the native population. The Baptists of Victoria have no white minister among them, but seem a very well-ordered and prosperous body. They cherish a feeling of grievance against the English for the way they were first abandoned to the Spaniards and then handed over to the Germans, but they still profess a sentimental attachment to the English. However, as far as I had opportunities of judging, they have little to complain of in the way the German Government have treated them—a very different line of action to that of the Spanish Government, for the Spaniards virtually confiscated the extensive property which the Baptists had received from the West African Company at Clarence. The Spanish version of this affair is that the real criminals were the West African Company, who had no rights whatsoever to make over the land to the Baptists, as the land was not theirs to dispose of.

Mr. Saker, when he settled in Ambas Bay, formed a very


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Richard the Third, III. ii

Mess. Upon the stroke of four.

Hast. Cannot my Lord Stanley sleep these tedious nights?

Mess. So it appears by that I have to say.

First, he commends him to your noble self.

Hast. What then?

Mess. Then certifies your lordship, that this night

He dreamt the boar had rased off his helm:

Besides, he says there are two councils kept;

And that may be determin'd at the one

Which may make you and him to rue at th' other.

Therefore he sends to know your lordship's pleasure,

If you will presently take horse with him,

And with all speed post with him toward the north,

To shun the danger that his soul divines.

Hast. Go, fellow, go, return unto thy lord;

Bid him not fear the separated council:

His honour and myself are at the one,

And at the other is my good friend Catesby;

Where nothing can proceed that toucheth us

Whereof I shall not have intelligence.

Tell him his fears are shallow, without instance:

And for his dreams, I wonder he's so simple

To trust the mockery of unquiet slumbers.

To fly the boar before the boar pursues,

Were to incense the boar to follow us

And make pursuit where he did mean no chase.

Go, bid thy master rise and come to me;

And we will both together to the Tower,

Where, he shall see, the boar will use us kindly.

 5 stroke of four; cf. n.

10 certifies: informs

11 boar: i.e. Richard

rased: torn

20 separated council; cf. n.

25 instance: cause, motive

26 his dreams; cf. n.

27 To: as to

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text: The Lay of the Nibelungs/Thomas Carlyle on the Nibelungen Lied


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 high opinion of its value as a harbour, and the high lands above it as a site for a sanatorium. Mr. MacGregor Laird communicated to Earl Grey in 1856 a lengthy statement founded on Mr. Saker's information. Read by the light of after years this memorandum is highly interesting, although almost all the asseverations in it have now been proved fallacious; for example, Ambas Bay is described as "being capable of being made a most complete naval station." Further on as "a good open harbour, accessible at all times to ships of the largest class and easily descended."

Mr. Saker made a communication to Consul Hutchinson in June, 1858, in which the advantages of Ambas Bay as a harbour were set down in detail, but a survey of the bay, made in 1859 by Commodore Wise, R.N., in H.M.S. Vesuvius, did not prove it to correspond to the description given of it by the enthusiastic missionaries. One important point in the bay described in the Reverend Mr. Saker’s chart as having four to six fathoms of water, was found by Mr. Brown, Master R.N., who had charge of the soundings, to have only from six to nine feet. And from that day to this people have gone on discovering pinnacle and shoal rocks in the bay.

I have been now five times into Ambas Bay, and with those very sporting vessels, the British and African, and the Royal African steamers, and I have never seen one of them nestle right up in Morton Cove, as the inner part is called; and as for men-o'-war, although their official organ the West Coast Pilot, says, "the anchorage is excellent in all parts of Ambas Bay with good holding ground, and a depth of six to seven fathoms," I have never seen a man-o’-war such a fool as to act on this statement and come well inside. The West Coast Pilot certainly does go on to say, "It forms a lee shore, and there is an incessant swell," and then "that the prevalent wind is S.W. to which the bay is quite open." These later observations may be the things that deter men-o'-war from coming well inside, and as for the merchant- men, although they have a sort of genial affection for the Pilot, they do not trust it, unless its statements agree with their own personal knowledge.

The Pilot, goes on to say, referring to the climate, "From


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Whereas the House of People’s Representatives has resolved that the work of codification of national laws has progressed to the point where Book 6 of the Civil and Commercial Code should be promulgated;

Therefore, it is commanded, by and with the advice and consent of the House of People’s Representatives, that the following Act be enacted:

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66

Mess. I'll go, my lord, and tell him what you say.

Exit.

Cate. Many good morrows to my noble lord!

Hast. Good morrow, Catesby; you are early stirring.

What news, what news, in this our tottering state?

Cate. It is a reeling world, indeed, my lord;

And I believe will never stand upright

Till Richard wear the garland of the realm.

Hast. How! wear the garland! dost thou mean the crown?

Cate. Ay, my good lord.

Hast. I'll have this crown of mine cut from my shoulders

Before I'll see the crown so foul misplac'd.

But canst thou guess that he doth aim at it?

Cate. Ay, on my life; and hopes to find you forward

Upon his party for the gain thereof:

And thereupon he sends you this good news,

That this same very day your enemies,

The kindred of the queen, must die at Pomfret.

Hast. Indeed, I am no mourner for that news,

Because they have been still my adversaries;

But that I'll give my voice on Richard's side,

To bar my master's heirs in true descent,

God knows I will not do it, to the death.

Cate. God keep your lordship in that gracious mind!

Hast. But I shall laugh at this a twelve-month hence,

That they which brought me in my master's hate,

 43 crown: head

52 still: always

55 to the death: i.e. even if my refusal cost me my life

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 This Act shall be called the Act Promulgating the Provisions of Book 6 of the Civil and Commercial Code, 2477 Buddhist Era.

This Act shall come into force from the day of its publication in the Royal Gazette onwards.

The provisions of Book 6, containing section 1599 through section 1755 as enacted at the end of this Act, shall be inserted in the Civil and Commercial Code as part of its, and the provisions of this Book shall come into force from the 1st day of October 2478 Buddhist Era onwards.

The provisions of this Book do not affect the Regulatory Rules for Administration of the Seven Outer Towns Area, 120 RE, in respect of succession.

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text:
Author talk:William Henry Baker

William Henry Baker?
This appears to be William Henry Baker. Noracrentiss (talk) 21:17, 23 November 2023 (UTC)

title: Author talk:William Henry Baker


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 the peculiarity of its situation and from local circumstances, Ambas Bay will probably be found to be one of the most healthy situations on the West Coast of Africa." Now this statement is utterly unsupported by facts, and there are no healthy places on the West Coast of Africa at all, so it cannot be more healthy than others, but it might be less unhealthy, and it is not even that; Ambas Bay, Cameroon River, and Gaboon being the three deadliest spots between Calabar and the Congo.

This idea that Ambas Bay and the mountain-sides of Mungo might give to the fever-smitten West Coast a reliable sanatorium, I have no doubt first arose from Mr, Saker's reports on it, and it is a theory that lives on, floating in air, as it were, after its foundations have been removed by experience, just as that other notion that there are no sharks south of the Congo; and it is hopeless work to attempt to destroy an idea of this kind. Any amount of sharks may display themselves ostentatiously south of Congo, and any amount of fever occur in Ambas Bay, but the statements survive. I have never been in Ambas Bay without finding severe cases of fever, and during my stay there this last time, the wife of the Basle missionary died of fever, and every one except Herr von Lucke, the head agent of the Ambas Bay Company, and myself, had fever more or less severely. This is reasonable enough when you look at the subject with the light of personal experience of the place. It is exceedingly hot, and exceedingly damp, and the cold winds from the mountains, and the sea-breezes that come into it in the mornings, are conducive to that main predisposing cause of an attack of fever—chill.

The idea that a sanatorium might be built high on the mountain, above the so-called fever line—a line that is merely an imaginative figment, for local conditions alter it in every separate place—at first seemed reasonable, but a closer knowledge of the peculiar meteorological conditions of the great mountain has proved this idea also to be an erroneous one.

A very noble and devoted Scotch gentleman named Thomson, possessed of considerable wealth and anxious to do what he could to aid the mission work of the United Presbyterians in Calabar, came out and did his best to


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 establish a sanatorium where the fever-stricken missionaries from Calabar could come and recruit their health without having to make the voyage home to England. The station he established upon the mountain at the elevation of 3,000 feet is now occupied by a Roman Catholic mission, and their health has been little, if at all, better than that of other Roman Catholics at a lower level. I say other Roman Catholics advisedly, because these missionaries live, as a rule, in a more healthy way than members of other missions in West Africa. The reasons why the upper slopes of Mungo do not afford the healthiness expected of them are many. Chief among them is the exceedingly heavy rainfall. At Babundi, I am told, there was a panic a short time ago among the natives because there was no rain for an entire week, and this extraordinary phenomenon gave rise to the idea that something serious had gone wrong with Nature and that something was going to happen, but a calm business man told me this story must be without foundation, because it has never been dry for a week at Babundi.

The reason of the heavy rainfall and drenching mists which fall on the mountain is that it is surrounded by enormous steaming swamps: to the north by those of the Rio del Rey and Calabar, to the south by those of the Cameroon, Mungo, and Bimbia Rivers, while its superior height catches the heavy, water-laden clouds floating in from the Atlantic. In addition to this, the cold air rushes down its sides in draughts that condense the water in the hot overladen lower layers of the atmosphere.

One hears a great deal in West Africa of the 3,000 feet line as being the limit of the region of malarial fever, but I do not think this is anything more than a theoretical idea, and indeed there are few situations in West Africa besides Mungo, where the theory could be put to the test. Buea, and De Buncha, Mr. Thomson’s sanatorium site, are at about this elevation. Buea has not yet had sufficient trial as a health resort to speak of it finally, but the great prevalence there of phagedænic ulcers does not lead one to regard the air


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 So saying, the Baron rose and left me in such perplexity, that I was not able to utter a word in reply. My friend was not less frightened than myself, when I told him, his antagonist pretended to know the whole of our secret transaction. The remainder of the day was spent it preparations for the duel, and in settling all the affairs of my friend, in case he should be killed.

Volkert came in the evening as usual, being afraid of being known to have any connexion with us: He trembled violently when we told him that the Baron was arrived, but understanding that he would not make public the dreadful wrongs which he had suffered, the poor fellow recovered from his fright, and offered to assist the Lieutenant's servant who was scowering his master's pistols. This task was soon finished, the two braces of pistols cleaned and charged with bullets.

We sat down conversing and drinking punch 'till midnight, when Volkert left us


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 as healthy. Of its climate I have spoken already. Buea, however, has this advantage over De Buncha, that it has a fine water-supply, the finest, indeed as far as is at present known, the only considerable water supply above 2,000 feet on the mountain. When one is in Victoria, particularly in the evening of a hot rainless day, you can see a great band of white mist girdling the mountain where the water-laden hot air rising from the forest and swamps meets the cold air of the upper mountain, which condensing, must cause it to deposit, not only the water, but the exhalations from the swamp lands, and every morning and evening you see great whiffs of mist coming up one of the forests on the foot-hills round Victoria, making the whole district look as if it were a great smouldering fire. The difficulty of getting a sick man up to either Buea or De Buncha would at present be great, but granting these difficulties removed, as one will be when the road to Buea is completed, I do not think that when a fever patient got up above the 3,000 feet level he would find much benefit, and he would run great risk of chill and dysentery. I regard this idea of the possibility of finding an elevated situation in West Africa suitable for a sanatorium, as one of the most dangerous the governmental authorities suffer from, for it induces them to build houses in out-of-the-way places, and send men suffering from fever to them to die, robbing the sick man of his great chance of recovery, namely, getting out to sea. The true sanatorium for the Coast would be a hospital vessel attached to each district, but as this is practically impossible, the next best thing would be for the indefatigable Mr. A. L. Jones and Messrs, Elder Dempster to have a special hospital cabin on every one of their vessels. The drawback to this is that getting out to a vessel through the Gold Coast surf would be risky work for a sick man, and in the Rivers the mail steamers have to go from one mangrove swamp river to another, and into places like Forcados, where, owing to Lagos Bar's iniquities, vessels are detained for days, lying idle in the sweltering heat waiting for cargo. Below the Rivers, on the South West-Coast, these objections would only hold to a lesser extent, but then the South-West Coast is by no means so much in need of sanatoriums, and the


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 white men living there are fewer and more scattered than on the West Coast or in the Rivers. There is another plan which might work well for Lagos and the Oil Rivers, and that is to have hospital hulks anchored outside. The experience of the French guard-ship Minerve seems to show that this would be a repaying plan, particularly if it were not combined with the French therapeutic methods, which have an immense amount of dash and go in them, and I dare say if a man were in rude health he might undergo them with little permanent injury to his constitution.

The next excitement after cruising in the bay was the arrival of the Nachtigal early in the morning. Of course I packed furiously, and when I was quite ready found her arrival had nothing to do with going to Calabar; she had brought round the Governor from Cameroons, he having been, I am sorry to say, nearly dead with fever. With him came my old friend Doctor Plehn, and I heard sad news of the numbers of bad fever cases in Cameroon River since I had left it, and the Doctor, who had been anxiously expected here for some time, flew hither and thither and rapidly repaired the health of Victoria.

Herr von Puttkamer kindly asked me to breakfast on board the Nachtigal, and confirmed Herr von Lucke’s statement about my being welcome to go round in her to Calabar. He said as soon as he got back to Cameroons he should be sending her round with the Commissioner.

I had a very pleasant afternoon, and got a good deal of material for a work on the Natural History of Governors which I do not intend to publish, but I will just state that all the West Coast Governors, whatever may be the nation they represent, are exceedingly good society. The Governor of Cameroons I consider the best; he is the most experienced, for one thing. He was Governor in Togo before he came to Cameroons, and also was for some time in Lagos and on the Niger; but that is another story, and although a highly diverting one, we will not go into it here. But for fear there should be a rush of people out from home to enjoy the charms of the society of West African Governors, I will remark that they have their faults. They are awfully bad for your clothes. It


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 with the promise to see my friend once more next morning. He seemed little inclined to give us his opinion, on the means by which the Baron could have got intelligence of the conjuration, and the man who had performed it; yet he promised to tell us next morning all he knew about it. I remained with my friend the whole night, and began to sleep a little towards morning. At six o'clock Volkert interrupted our slumber, telling us that he came to take leave of us.

We gazed at him with astonishment and surprise.

"Yes, gentlemen," exclaimed he, "I am going to leave this town, and I am very fortunate that I can do it in an honorable manner. I promised you last night, to tell you how Baron T has traced out his tormentor; know then, that he has written to his family the same what he wrote to you in his second letter; his relations soon suspected me, being known here as a Ne-


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 is this way: after being in West Africa some little time, particularly if you have been away in the bush, your wardrobe is always in a rarefied state. For example, when in Cameroons I had one dress, and one only, that I regarded as fit to support the dignity of a representative of England, so of course when going to call on the representative of another Power I had to put that dress on, and then go out in open boats to war-ships or for bush walks in it, and equally of course down came tornadoes and rain by the ton. I did not care for the thunder, lightning, or wind. What worried me was the conviction that that precious rain would take the colour out of my costume.

Governor von Puttkamer has a peculiarity not shared by any other Governor on the Coast. He likes the sea, so during breakfast the Nachtigal was ordered to steam about the bay, which she energetically did. Fortunately, I like the sea too, or—well! as it was, the only inconvenience we suffered was getting a heavy shock in the middle of the meal. We thought we had discovered a new rock, but found we had only struck a sleeping whale. What the whale thought I do not know, but it made a considerable fuss and left the bay without a word of apology to the Governor.

The Nachtigal left Victoria the next day, it being held too unhealthy a place for the Governor to stay in after his severe illness, and went round to Man-o'-War Bay. And the day after Herr von Lucke took me round to the plantation in Man-o'-War Bay, whereat the Governor was staying for a few days.

Man-o'-War Bay is a very peculiar and charming bay to the south of Ambas, having a narrower inlet and not quite so great a depth as the latter, from which it is separated by a high rocky promontory of hills. I do not think it has been carefully sounded, but there is deep water close alongside its shores, which rise very steeply in densely wooded mountains. The main peculiarity of it is that through a rock wall at its eastern end there is a natural tunnel in the rock, and you can row through this in a boat and then find yourself on another sheet of water which has no other inlet or outlet, and is, if possible, more beautiful than Man-o'-War Bay itself,


text:
The Deil's awa wi' the Exciseman

 * "The Deil's awa wi' th' Exciſeman" from The Scots Musical Museum, Volume IV (1792), published by James Johnson.
 * "The Deil Cam Fiddling" from the chapbook Bruce's Address (c. 1804-1819).
 * "De'il's awa' wi' the Exciseman" from the chapbook The Irish maniac (c. 1825).
 * "The Deil cam' Fiddlin'" from The Book of Scottish Song (1843), edited by Alexander Whitelaw.

title: The Deil's awa wi' the Exciseman


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 though much smaller. It would be an exquisite place for smuggling.

On the southern shore of Man-o'-War Bay is a beautiful little quay and landing-place for the grand plantation colloquially known as Frederickshafen, after its energetic custodian. This plantation is the property of a syndicate, the main shareholders being Messrs, Woermann, and its magnificent condition and grand output ought to do much to heal that firm’s feelings regarding their great losses over their Gaboon plantation. The house belonging to it is the finest house I know in West Africa. It is built of brick and wood and has the customary deep verandah running round it, but with this important difference, that this verandah is closed in with glazed windows, which prevent the inner rooms from being too dark to work in, and also prevents the verandah from being draughty. On the West Coast these are two dreadful faults in the European-built houses. You cannot imagine what an intolerable gloom and discomfort arises from the usual English sort of house here. The abominable structure is made of corrugated iron, roof and all, with just its skeleton and floors made of wood. Sometimes the under part of the house is closed in and used for stores and offices; sometimes it is left open, but always the living rooms are on the first floor and open out on to a verandah. The sides of this verandah are usually closed in by venetian shutters with windows at intervals. During the tornado seasons these shutters and windows have to be closed up on an average twice a day. During the wet season they are kept closed most of the six months' spell. Consequently you have to live on the verandah, for the inner rooms are then "as dark as ignorance," and the venetians only keep out a percentage of the rain, and divide the fierce tornado winds into strips which cut into you and give you your death of fever, and send all your papers flying; while the tornado, or the wet season rain plays like fifty thousand demons on the tom-tom of your corrugated iron roof. Now these things were avoided in the house at Frederickshafen, for when the windows round the verandah were shut, they, being glazed, kept out the wind and let in the light, and the roof was a roof of tiles and not a horrid tin tom-tom affair.


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 Amongst a married couple, the husband is the head. He selects the residence and gives directions regarding the provision of support and maintenance.

If living together would endanger the health or would much destroy the peace of a husband or wife, the party to be endangered or injured may request a court to permit him or her to live separately during the existence of such incident. In this event, the court may designate an amount of maintenance to be paid by one party to the other party as appropriate for the circumstances.

If a wife has been carrying a profession out since before the marriage, she may continue to carry it out without having to obtain the consent of her husband.

If a court adjudges a husband or wife incompetent or quasi-incompetent, the wife or husband becomes custodian or curator by operation of law.

When an interested person or public prosecutor makes a request and if there is a significant reason, the court may appoint a different person as custodian or curator.

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 Herr Fredericksky most kindly showed me all over his plantation. When it was first started the cautious planter then in charge planted coffee and oil-palms so as to have something to fall back on should the coffee fail, and to a considerable extent coffee has failed throughout Victoria. It gets afflicted with a sort of blight analogous to honey-dew, and on this honey-dew grows a large black mildew which mats the coffee-berries together and ruins them, although it does not seem to injure the health of the tree much. But cacao flourishes exceedingly in the Victoria district, and has so far got no disease. And so the coffee in this plantation, and in the native plantations round Ambas Bay, is being replaced by cacao, and to such purpose has this plan been followed, that the profit on the latter product exported by the small native growers last year amounted to £1,000 English, and this large plantation ships on an average 400 bags a month. During the two flushes which occur in the year, as many as 600 and 650 bags a month would be shipped; during the intermediate seasons 200 to 300.

The enterprise with which capital has been expended here, and the judiciousness with which it has been employed, is very remarkable for a West Coast undertaking, wherein, as a general rule, there is usually one without the other, or a notable absence of both.

There are near to the living house large, well-built houses with the proper machinery for drying the cocoa, after it has been properly fermented and washed in another house, that is away at the further end of the plantation where the fermenting house is established, because of a suitable little river; and wonderful to relate these two sets of houses are connected by an excellent tramway, very carefully and soundly made, and ten times pleasanter and safer to travel on than the Congo Free State Railway. The little cars on which you, or bags of cocoa, sit are pushed by energetic labourers; a distinct improvement on West African steam-engines. After conscientiously doing the drying and the fermenting sheds, and enjoying the faint but pleasant smell of the mauve-coloured cocoa in heaps on the floors in various states of fermentation, we proceeded to seriously study cacao growing; and I was taken by the two


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 gigantic German gentlemen over acre after acre of plants in various stages of growth, from those just showing leaf above the ground, to those whose beautiful golden fruit were being gathered by gangs of labourers imported from the Batanga region, the Kru Coast, Sierra Leone and other places. If it had not been for driver ants, I feel sure I should have acquired enough information that afternoon to enable me to go and set up a plantation on my own account and make that plantation pay; but as it was, I just made a mental note that it was well to cut down your forest to start a clearing with in the middle of the dry season; then let the trees and bush-wood dry a little; and then set them on fire. Then, just before the rains, I was to plant three cacao beans in a hole, and I learnt with pleasure that I need not bother to remove the gigantic charred tree-trunks that lay about in a glorious confusion—in fact, it was advisable to leave them, as they afforded shelter for the young plants from an excess of sun; and also I need not bother about planting my series of three beans in one hole in tidy lines, but might just stick them in, in a general sort of way, wherever I felt disposed. This was a comfort, for how any one was to do otherwise with the ground overlaid with a confused sort of network of trees, from sixty to one hundred feet long and from three to thirty feet in circumference, I don't know. Then when these seedlings had attained a sufficient growth, they were to be carefully transplanted into a cleared piece of ground—a nursery, where they were to be planted in proper rows. Just as we reached the nursery, and my education was flowing on in a peaceful, pleasant stream, forty-eight burning hot pinchers were inserted into me and I knew "joy’s short life was overpast" for that afternoon, in other words that I had got into a train of drivers. Resolving to suffer and be strong, I said nothing, and seeing that there were no more of the enemy on the ground immediately round me, I lived my tormentors down, and did my best to keep up an appearance of interest in cacao, but really the only thing that did interest me just then was whether either of my companions had got drivers on them.

They never mentioned drivers. They had a little difference of opinion over coffee disease, and a lengthy discussion on


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Crennan J

use of the licensed trade mark. If the licensee is a manufacturer, those conditions may require maintenance of the quality of the goods to which the licensed trade mark is to be applied.

In Colbeam Palmer, when considering infringement of a trade mark registered under the Trade Marks Act 1955, Windeyer J said :

"[I]t can hardly be said that a registered trade mark is not a species of property of the person whom the statute describes as its registered proprietor, and which it permits him to assign".

Under the Trade Marks Act 1955, subject to certain restrictions which do not matter for present purposes, a registered owner of a trade mark could assign the trade mark with or without goodwill and license another to use the trade mark under a registered user system then in place. Under the Trade Marks Act, the current authorised user provisions (which replaced the previous registered user system) allow parties freedom to set the terms of a trade mark licence without any scrutiny by the Registrar of Trade Marks, and the recording of a licence is voluntary.

The Copyright Act, the Designs Act and the Patents Act all provide for exclusive rights to use or exploit the incorporeal property with which they deal, together with exclusive rights to assign, or to authorise or license others to use or exploit, the property.

Sections 20(2) and 21(2) of the Trade Marks Act refer to a registered owner's right to relief in respect of infringement, but the value of a registered owner's statutory property has always also included a right to assign (enlarged over time, as explained above), and presently includes the right to license as well. For the purposes of s 51(xxxi), the plaintiffs' intellectual property rights and interests constitute property capable of acquisition and attracting the requirement of just terms. Further, in the case of the plaintiffs' registered trade marks, the question of whether there has been an acquisition cannot be confined to the consideration that the Packaging Act preserves a registered owner's right to seek relief in respect of infringement.


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title: Page:Poems, chiefly lyrical.pdf/123


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 the relative value of white and blue kokos as food-supply for labourers, and one of them talked a little wildly, for him, at moments. But there was no headlong dash for water, surrounded in blue flames of bad language, such as I am accustomed to when a lord of creation gets drivers on him, and I proudly thought that to me alone belonged the glory of quietly living down driver ants, but I subsequently learnt that England had to share this honour in the field of colonial enterprise with Germany; and so, as Mr. Pepys would say, home to Victoria, in the lovely late afternoon. There was just a doubt, however, for half-an-hour or so, whether we should succeed in rounding the rocky promontory that separates Ambas from Man-o'-War Bay, for the sea had got rough in the mysterious way seas do down here, without any weather reason, and the wind, what there was of it, was dead against us. But although my dress was nearly reduced to the dead level of my other dresses, the thing was done.

The next few days I spent expecting the Nachtigal. Of course I had unpacked all my things again and most of them were at the wash, when Idabea rushes into my room saying, "Nachtigal kommt," and I packed furiously, and stood by to go aboard, having been well educated by my chief tutor, Captain Murray, on the iniquity of detaining the ship. I hasten to say the lesson on this point I never brought down on myself. I have never robbed a church or committed a murder, so should never dream of plunging into this lower-most depth of crime without a preparatory course of capital offences. When, however, I was packed, I found that it was not the Nachtigal which had come in, but the Hyæna—the guard-ship of Cameroons River—out for an airing, and as her commander Captain Baham, kindly asked me on board to lunch, I had to unpack again. At lunch I had the honour of meeting the two officers who had first ascended the peak of Cameroon from the south-east face, and I learnt from them many things which would have been of great help to me had I had this honour before I went up, but which were none the less good to know; and during the whole of their stay in Ambas Bay I received from the Hyæna an immense amount of pleasure, courtesy, and kindness, adding to the already great


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 debt in these things I owe to Cameroons—a debt which I shall never forget, although I can never repay it.

The third announcement of the Nachtigal proved true, and with my dilapidated baggage I went round in her, under the charge of Herr von Besser, into Old Calabar, where I received every hospitality from Mr. Moore and Mr. Wall, for my good friends Sir Claude and Lady MacDonald had left for England some months previously—for the last time as it turned out, for shortly after his arrival in England Sir Claude was sent as British Minister to Pekin.

When I reached Calabar I found that the Bakana, commanded by Captain Porter and having for her chief engineer Mr. Peter Campbell, vws expected to come in daily, and being a sister ship to the Batanga and so one of the finest boats in the service, I decided to wait for her, going up to say good-bye to Miss Slessor at Okÿon during the few days at my disposal.

We had a comfortable voyage up to Sierra Leone, where a gloom fell over the whole ship from the death of the purser, Mr. Crompton. It was onc of those terribly, sudden, hopeless cases of Coast fever, so common on the West Coast, where no man knows from day to day whether he or those round him will not, before a few hours are over, be in the grip of malarial fever, on his way to the grave.


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title: Page:Poems, chiefly lyrical.pdf/124


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I am under the impression that the trade of the West African Coast is its most important attribute, I hope I may be pardoned for entering into this subject. My chief excuse for so doing lies in the fact that independent travellers are rare in the Bights. The last one I remember hearing of was that unfortunate gentleman who went to the Coast for pleasure and lost a leg on Lagos Bar. Now I have not lost any portion of my anatomy anywhere on the Coast, and therefore have no personal prejudice against the place. I hold a brief for no party, and I beg the more experienced old coaster to remember that "a looker on sees the most of the game."

First of all it should be remembered that Africa does not possess ready-made riches to the extent if is in many quarters regarded as possessing. It is not an India filled with the accumulated riches of ages, waiting for the adventurer to enter and shake the pagoda tree. The pagoda tree in Africa only grows over stores of buried ivory, and even then it is a stunted specimen to that which grew over the treasure-houses of Delhi, Seringapatam, and hundreds of others as rich as they in gems and gold. Africa has lots of stuff in it; structurally more than any other continent in the world, but it is very much in the structure, and it requires hard work to get it out, particularly out of one of its richest regions, the West Coast, where the gold, silver, copper, lead, and petroleum lie protected against the miner by African fever in its deadliest form, and the produce prepared by the natives for the trader is equally fever-guarded, and requires men of a particular type to work and export it successfully—men endowed with great luck, pluck, patience, and tact.

The first things to be considered are the natural resources of


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Crennan J

Whether subsequent legislative prohibitions or restrictions on the use of incorporeal property created by statute will amount to an acquisition of property for the purposes of s 51(xxxi) must depend on the nature of the rights attaching to the incorporeal property, and whether, for the purposes of the Commonwealth, the prohibitions or restrictions: (a) give, or effectively give, the Commonwealth or another a right to use the incorporeal property wholly or partly to the exclusion of the owner; or (b) bestow some other identifiable benefit or advantage upon the Commonwealth or another which can be characterised as proprietary.

In The Commonwealth v Tasmania (The Tasmanian Dam Case), when explaining the difference between a "taking" (the subject matter of the Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution) and an "acquisition", with which s 51(xxxi) is concerned, Mason J said :

"The emphasis in s 51(xxxi) is not on a 'taking' of private property but on the acquisition of property for purposes of the Commonwealth. To bring the constitutional provision into play it is not enough that [the] legislation adversely affects or terminates a pre-existing right that an owner enjoys in relation to his property; there must be an acquisition whereby the Commonwealth or another acquires an interest in property, however slight or insubstantial it may be." (original emphasis)

The enduring authority of this statement of principle has been confirmed by this Court on numerous occasions, most recently in Wurridjal v The


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.—Two inches of snow fell on 25th. , Early part of month very mild. Primroses in blossom in first week. .—Cloudy and mild, with fogs, till 23rd. Snow and rain 24th to 26th, followed by severe frost to end of month. .—Rainfall about half the average of last five years. . Barometer high, especially from 9th to 20th. Warm period, with high W.S.W, winds, on 2ist and 22nd. .—Mean Temperature, 38:8°, Barometer, 30.03. .—Rainfall one-fifth of an inch above average. .—A very mild month. .——First fortnight mild; the last cold and wintry, frequent snow. Skating on shallow pools on 3lst. Trent in flood 28th and 29th. .—Snow 23rd to 25th; snow, with rain, 26th and 27th. Lightning on 25th, between six and seven Tamworth.—Barometer on 12th reached 30.72in. Rainfall below the average. A good month for working on the land. .—Snow fell early on morning of 23rd, and ground remained covered to end of month. .—A mild and open mouth, with some frosts after the 24th. Noticed the small bat flying about on several mild evenings. .—Mean height of barometer for January 30.155 inches, (corrected for temperature and sea level.) Highest reading. {corrected,} 3.655 inches, on the 12th. Lowest reading, (corrected.) 29.424 inches, on the 25th. .—A damp month, with hard frost on last three days. Heavy gale on 20th to 22nd. .—Temperature above the average. Rainfall about the mean for the last ten years. Snow fell on three days, but to no great depth. Gale on the 25th. Wild honeysuckle in leaf on the 4th. .—Dull heavy weather prevailed in earlier part of the month. and was succeeded by slight falls of snow. Thunder and lightning on evening of 23rd, followed by snow and frost. .—Mean temperature on month was 39.3°. .—Rainfall about the average, bat only half the fall of January, 1877. .—First half of month was mild. Snow on 22nd to 28th. Westerly gale on 21st. .—An unusually dull and damp month, with little sunshine. .— Warm until the 23rd. Snow fell on 24th. High winds on l5th and 16th, and 20th to 23rd. .—Rainfall below the average, and just half that of January, 1877. .—Rainfall below the average, but remarkable for the many days on which some fell. .—Very mild and open until the last week. .—-Dense fog on 18th. High winds 20th to 24th. Snow on 24th. .—Extremely mild mouth, except the last week. .—Aconite in flower on the 5th. Snow on 10th and 25th. Gale on 20th and 21st. .—Temperature above the average. S. and S.W. winds on fifteen days; N. and N.W. winds on fifteen days. Vegetation was active during the greater part of the month. Violets, primroses, and daisies were in bloom, and Aconite blossomed on the third week. Rather sharp hoar-frost on the three last days of the month; ice two inches in thickness formed. .—Rainfall unusually small for January. The average of the last five years is 2.12in. for this month. .—Snow 23rd to 25th. Westerly winds prevailed. .—Snow on 24th. .——Mild and fine till 21st. Snow 26th to 28th. .—Drizzle or fog throughout the month, Snow fell on 10th and 25th. and sleet on 8th and 23rd. .—Sea fogs on two or three days early in month. Barometer unusually high; reached 30.616 (uncorrected.) Slight fall of snow on 25th. .—The driest January but one (1876) in fourteen years, in consequence of prevailing N. and E. winds, Sharp frost 9th to 12th, and for last week of mouth.


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Richard the Third, III. ii

I live to look upon their tragedy.

Well, Catesby, ere a fortnight make me older,

I'll send some packing that yet think not on 't.

Cate. 'Tis a vile thing to die, my gracious lord,

When men are unprepar'd and look not for it.

Hast. O monstrous, monstrous! and so falls it out

With Rivers, Vaughan, Grey; and so 'twill do

With some men else, that think themselves as safe

As thou and I; who, as thou know'st, are dear

To princely Richard and to Buckingham.

Cate. The princes both make high account of you;

[Aside.] For they account his head upon the bridge.

Hast. I know they do, and I have well deserv'd it.

Come on, come on; where is your boar-spear, man?

Fear you the boar, and go so unprovided?

Stan. My lord, good morrow; good morrow, Catesby:

You may jest on, but by the holy rood,

I do not like these several councils, I.

Hast. My lord, I hold my life as dear as yours;

And never, in my days, I do protest,

Was it so precious to me as 'tis now.

Think you, but that I know our state secure,

I would be so triumphant as I am?

Stan. The lords at Pomfret, when they rode from London,

Were jocund and suppos'd their states were sure,

And they indeed had no cause to mistrust;

But yet you see how soon the day o'ercast.

This sudden stab of rancour I misdoubt;

Pray God, I say, I prove a needless coward!

 70 head bridge; cf. n.

75 rood: cross

83 jocund: carefree, merry

sure: secure

85 o'ercast: became overcast

86 misdoubt: suspect

87 needless: without cause or reason

title: Page:Richard III (1927) Yale.djvu/81


text:
Page:Complete Works of Count Tolstoy - 13.djvu/398

 Christ’s kingdom of grace. But as a natural living man, the moment he is born, has need of air, light, and the other external assistances and powers for the support of his existence, for his gradual strengthening, and for his growth, even so it is in spiritual life: immediately after man’s birth from above, he has need of the grace-giving powers of the Holy Ghost, which may serve for him as spiritual air and light, and with the aid of which he may not only support his new life, but also constantly strengthen himself and grow. It is these divine powers which pertain unto life and godliness (2 Peter i. 3) that are given to each who is reborn in baptism, through another sacrament of the church, through the sacrament of unction with chrism.” (pp. 345 and 346.)

It is proved that the sacrament of unction with chrism was established by Christ. Here are the proofs:

“(1) Gospel history proves that Christ the Saviour had intended and promised to give the Holy Ghost to those who believed in him. In the last day, that great day of the feast, says St. John the Divine, Jesus stood and cried, saying, If any man thirst, let him come unto me, and drink. He that believeth on me, as the Scripture hath said, out of his belly shall flow rivers of living water. (But this spake he of the Spirit, which they that believe on him should receive: for the Holy Ghost was not yet given; because that Jesus was not yet glorified) (John vii. 37-39). Here, evidently, mention is made of gifts of the Holy Ghost, which are offered to and consequently are necessary for all believers in our Lord Jesus, and not of extraordinary gifts, which are communicated only to a few believers for special purposes (1 Cor. xii. 29, and so forth), though it does not say by what visible mediation the necessary gifts of the Holy Ghost are to be transmitted to all believers. (2) The Book of the Apostolic Acts tells us that after Jesus Christ was glorified, the apostles actually gave the Holy Ghost to those


text: Poems, Chiefly Lyrical/The Tears of Heaven