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 :(c) an investigation is not conducted by another State.

(2) In this regulation—

“Contracting State” means any State which is party to the Chicago Convention;

“investigation” (in sub-paragraph (c) of paragraph (1) only) means a process conducted, other than by the Air Accidents Investigation Branch, for the purposes of accident and incident prevention, which includes the gathering and analysis of information, the drawing of conclusions (including the determination of causes and contributing factors) and, when appropriate, the making of safety recommendations; and

“State of Registry”, “State of the Operator”, “State of Design” and “State of Manufacture” have the meanings given by Chapter 1 of Annex 13.

Additional provisions—Inspectors’ powers

12.—(1) The power conferred by subparagraph (f) (power to call and examine witnesses) of paragraph 2 of Article 11 of Regulation 996/2010 must be exercised by the service of a summons signed by an Investigating Inspector and requiring any person (“witness”) to attend a witness interview at a time and place stated in the summons, in order to—
 * (a) answer any question, or
 * (b) produce any document, record, information or other evidence,

which is, in the opinion of that Inspector, relevant to the safety investigation.

(2) A witness must be allowed the expenses of attending a witness interview, payable by the Secretary of State.

13. An Investigating Inspector has the power to—
 * (a) record a witness interview in any manner that the Investigating Inspector considers appropriate;
 * (b) take a statement from a witness and require the witness to make and sign a declaration of truth in relation to that statement; and
 * (c) retain any evidence which is produced by a witness or which the investigator-in-charge has access to or control over, by virtue of paragraph 2 of Article 11 of Regulation 996/2010, until the completion of the safety investigation.

14.—(1) Subject to paragraph (2), an Investigating Inspector may, on production of that Inspector’s authority to act as an Inspector, enter and inspect any land or premises (including any dwelling and any aircraft) where, in the opinion of the investigator-in-charge, such action is necessary for the purposes of the safety investigation.

(2) An Investigating Inspector may not enter and inspect any dwelling unless one of the following conditions is met—
 * (a) the occupier of the dwelling has consented to the entry and inspection;
 * (b) such entry and inspection has been authorised by a warrant issued by a justice, on an application made by an Investigating Inspector and supported by—
 * (i) in England and Wales, an information in writing;
 * (ii) in Scotland, evidence on oath; or
 * (iii) in Northern Ireland, a complaint on oath;
 * (c) the investigator-in-charge is satisfied that access to the dwelling is required urgently and that the requirement to obtain consent or a warrant would undermine the safety investigation.

(3) A justice may issue a warrant if the justice is satisfied that there are reasonable grounds for entering and inspecting the dwelling for the purposes of the safety investigation and that at least one of the following conditions is met—

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 :(a) entry to the dwelling has been, or is likely to be, refused and notice of the intention to apply for a warrant has been served on the occupier;
 * (b) asking for consent to enter and inspect the dwelling would undermine the safety investigation;
 * (c) entry to the dwelling is required urgently;
 * (d) the dwelling is unoccupied or the occupier is temporarily absent.

(4) A warrant may authorise a maximum of two Investigating Inspectors to enter and inspect a dwelling.

(5) A warrant is valid for one month beginning on the date of its issue.

(6) Where an Investigating Inspector exercises the power conferred by paragraph (1), that Inspector may—
 * (a) search the land or premises for any item;
 * (b) examine anything that is on the land or premises;
 * (c) require any person to produce any document or record that is in that person’s possession or control;
 * (d) seize, detain or remove any item that is on the land or premises and any document or record that has been produced in accordance with sub-paragraph (c); and
 * (e) take copies of or extracts from any document or record found on the land or premises.

(7) Any item, document or record seized by an Investigating Inspector may be retained until the completion of the safety investigation.

(8) In this regulation—

“dwelling” means any premises wholly or mainly used as a place of residence or abode (including any garden, yard, garage, outhouse or other appurtenance of such premises which is not used in common by the occupants of more than one such dwelling); and

“a justice” means—
 * (a) in England and Wales, a justice of the peace;
 * (b) in Scotland, a sheriff or a summary sheriff; and
 * (c) in Northern Ireland, a lay magistrate.

Release of evidence to owner

15.—(1) This regulation applies where an aircraft, its contents or wreckage (“property”) is held by the Air Accidents Investigation Branch in a hangar, or in any other facility which is being used by the Branch, for the purposes of a safety investigation.

(2) Subject to paragraph (5), where any such property is no longer required for the purposes of the safety investigation the Chief Inspector must inform the owner of the property, by serving a notice in writing, that it will be released to the owner at the place and date specified in the notice and in accordance with any other arrangements that are specified in the notice.

(3) An owner on whom such a notice is served must collect the property in accordance with the arrangements specified in the notice (or in accordance with any alternative arrangements that the owner agrees in writing with the Chief Inspector), failing which—
 * (a) the Chief Inspector may make arrangements for the destruction or disposal of the property; and
 * (b) the reasonable costs of such destruction or disposal will be recoverable from the owner as a debt due to the Secretary of State.

(4) A notice served pursuant to paragraph (2)—
 * (a) must not specify a date for collection of the property earlier than one month beginning with the date on which the notice was served; and

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 :(b) must include a warning that a failure by the owner to collect the property on the date specified in the notice (or such other date that the owner agrees in writing with the Chief Inspector) will entitle the Chief Inspector to make arrangements for the destruction or disposal of the property and that the reasonable costs of such destruction or disposal will be recoverable from the owner as a debt due to the Secretary of State.

(5) Where any property referred to in paragraph (1) is no longer required for the purposes of the safety investigation and the Chief Inspector is satisfied that a person, body or authority (other than the owner) is entitled (under statutory or common law powers that apply in any part of the United Kingdom) to collect that property for the purposes of another investigation and has confirmed their intention to do so—
 * (a) paragraph (2) does not apply to that property; and
 * (b) the Chief Inspector must release it to that person, body or authority and inform the owner of the property, by serving a notice in writing, that it has been so released.

(6) In this regulation “owner”, in relation to an aircraft which is registered, means the registered owner of the aircraft.

Notice of safety investigation report

16.—(1) Where the investigator-in-charge considers that a safety investigation report could adversely affect the reputation of any person (“the person concerned”), the final safety investigation report must not be published until the investigator-in-charge has—
 * (a) served a notice on the person concerned or, where that person is deceased, the person who appears to the investigator-in-charge to best represent the interests of the person concerned in the matter; and
 * (b) made such changes as the investigator-in-charge thinks fit, following the consideration by that investigator of any representations that have been made pursuant to paragraph (2)(b).

(2) The notice referred to in paragraph (1)(a) must—
 * (a) include particulars of any proposed analysis of facts and conclusions as to the circumstances and causes of the relevant accident or incident which could affect the person concerned; and
 * (b) inform the person on whom it is served that written representations regarding that proposed analysis may be made to the investigator-in-charge by or on behalf of that person within 28 days, beginning with the date on which the notice was served, or within such longer period as the Chief Inspector may allow.

Pre-publication copies of the final safety investigation report

17. Before the publication of the final safety investigation report, the Chief Inspector must provide a copy of it to the Secretary of State and must also serve a copy of it on any person on whom a notice was served pursuant to paragraph (1)(a) of regulation 16.

Reopening of safety investigation

18.—(1) Subject to paragraph (3), where, following publication of a final safety investigation report relating to an accident or serious incident, evidence has become available which, in the Chief Inspector’s opinion, is new and significant, the Chief Inspector must cause the safety investigation to be reopened.

(2) Subject to paragraph (3), following publication of a final safety investigation report relating to an accident or serious incident, the Chief Inspector may cause the safety investigation to be reopened for any other reason where the Chief Inspector considers it appropriate to do so.

(3) The Chief Inspector must not reopen a safety investigation into an accident or serious incident in respect of which the task of conducting the safety investigation has been delegated to the Air Accidents Investigation Branch, pursuant to paragraph 2 of Article 6 of Regulation

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 996/2010 or paragraph 5.1, 5.1.1 or 5.1.2 of Annex 13, without first obtaining the consent of the head of the investigation authority which so delegated that task.

Amendments to the Civil Aviation Act 1982

19. In section 75 of the Civil Aviation Act 1982(a) (investigation of accidents), omit subsection (1A) (power to make provision for the purpose of implementing Council Directive 94/56/EC(b) ). PART 2 Contraventions Failure to notify accident or serious incident

20.—(1) Any person involved who—
 * (a) has knowledge of the occurrence of an accident or serious incident in or over the United Kingdom, and
 * (b) fails, without reasonable excuse, to notify it without delay to the Chief Inspector and, in the case of an accident, a police officer or (in relation to Scotland) constable for the area where the accident occurred,

contravenes these Regulations.

(2) In this regulation, “police officer” means any person who is a member of—
 * (a) a police force,
 * (b) the Police Service of Northern Ireland, or
 * (c) the Police Service of Northern Ireland Reserve.

Obstruction

21. Any person who, without reasonable excuse, obstructs or impedes an Inspector in the exercise of any duties, powers or entitlements imposed or conferred by Regulation 996/2010, Annex 13 or by these Regulations, contravenes these Regulations.

22. Any person who knowingly provides false or misleading information to an Inspector in connection with a safety investigation contravenes these Regulations.

Failure to comply with witness summons

23. Any person who fails, without reasonable excuse, to comply with a witness summons served under paragraph (1) of regulation 12 contravenes these Regulations.

Failure to preserve evidence

24.—(1) Any person who, without reasonable excuse, contravenes any of the prohibitions in paragraph 2 of Article 13 of Regulation 996/2010 also contravenes these Regulations.

(2) Any person involved who fails, without reasonable excuse, to take the necessary steps described in paragraph 3 of Article 13 also contravenes these Regulations.

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 Failure to protect sensitive safety information

25.—(1) Subject to paragraphs (3) and (4), any relevant person who knowingly contravenes any of the prohibitions in paragraphs 1 or 2 of Article 14 of Regulation 996/2010 also contravenes these Regulations.

(2) In paragraph (1) “relevant person” means— (a) an Inspector; (b) any other officer of the Secretary of State; or (c) any person to whom any relevant record has been made available by such an Inspector or other officer.

(3) Paragraph (1) does not apply to information which is included in a final safety investigation report.

(4) Paragraph (1) does not apply where a relevant person makes a relevant record available to another person (“person A”) in the following circumstances—
 * (a) in a case where person A is a party to or otherwise entitled to appear at judicial proceedings and the relevant court has ordered that that record must be made available to person A for the purposes of those proceedings; or
 * (b) in any other case, where the relevant court has ordered that that record must be made available to person A for other specified purposes.

(5) The relevant court must not make an order under paragraph (4) unless it is satisfied that the benefits of the disclosure of the record concerned outweigh the adverse domestic and international impact which the disclosure might have on the safety investigation to which the record relates or any future safety investigation.

(6) In this regulation—

“judicial proceedings” includes any proceedings before any court, tribunal or person having by law power to hear, receive and examine evidence on oath;

“relevant court” means—
 * (a) in the case of judicial proceedings or an application for disclosure made in England, Wales or Northern Ireland, the High Court; and
 * (b) in the case of judicial proceedings or an application for disclosure made in Scotland, the Court of Session; and

“relevant record” means any of the records specified in paragraphs 1 and 2 of Article 14 of Regulation 996/2010.

Unauthorised disclosure of information relating to a safety investigation

26.—(1) This regulation applies to a person who receives information from—
 * (a) an Inspector in accordance with paragraph 4 of Article 15 of Regulation 996/2010; or
 * (b) the investigator-in-charge in accordance with paragraph (1) of regulation 16.

(2) Any person to whom this regulation applies who, without the prior written consent of the Chief Inspector in the case of paragraph (1)(a), causes or permits that information or any part of it to be disclosed to any other person, body or organisation before it is made publicly available by the Chief Inspector (on publication of the final safety investigation report or otherwise) contravenes these Regulations.

Failure to provide information on persons and dangerous goods on board an aircraft following an accident

27.—(1) This regulation applies where an accident has occurred in or over the United Kingdom.

(2) Where the operator of an aircraft involved in the accident fails to—

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 :(a) provide to the Chief Inspector, within two hours of the notification by the operator of the occurrence of the accident, the list required by paragraph 1(a) of Article 20 of Regulation 996/2010, or
 * (b) provide to the Chief Inspector, immediately following the notification by the operator of the occurrence of the accident, the list required by paragraph 1(b) of that Article,

the operator contravenes these Regulations.

Disclosure of information relating to persons on board an aircraft and persons to be contacted in the event of an accident

28. Any person who causes or permits—
 * (a) any information contained in a list produced pursuant to paragraph 1(a) of Article 20 of Regulation 996/2010, or
 * (b) any information provided to an operator pursuant to paragraph 3 of Article 20,

to be used or disclosed other than in accordance with paragraph 2, 3 or 4 of that Article contravenes these Regulations.

Penalties

29. Insofar as any provision in regulations 20 to 28 is not made under section 75 of the Civil Aviation Act 1982, subsection (5) of that section (penalties)(a) nevertheless applies to that provision as if it had been so made.

Signed by authority of the Secretary of State for Transport Sugg Parliamentary Under Secretary of State 5th March 2018 EXPLANATORY NOTE (This note is not part of the Regulations) These Regulations revoke and replace (see regulation 5) the Civil Aviation (Investigation of Air Accidents and Incidents) Regulations 1996 (S.I. 1996/2798) and the Civil Aviation (Investigation of Military Air Accidents at Civil Aerodromes) Regulations 2005 (S.I. 2005/2693). They make consequential amendments to the Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 2013 (S.I. 2013/1471) (“RIDDOR”) in order to ensure that injuries arising from air accidents which are required to be notified to the Air Accidents Investigation Branch continue to be excluded from the relevant notification and reporting requirements in RIDDOR.

In part, these Regulations supplement Regulation (EU) No 996/2010 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20th October 2010 on the investigation and prevention of accidents and incidents in civil aviation (OJ No L 295, 12.11.10, p 35) (“Regulation 996/2010”), as amended by Regulation (EU) No 376/2014 (OJ No L 122, 24.4.14, p 18).

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 The following provisions do not supplement Community obligations: regulations 11, 15, 16 and 18. Regulations 11 and 18 implement requirements in Annex 13 to the Chicago Convention (signed on behalf of the United Kingdom Government on 7th December 1944 at the International Civil Aviation Conference in Chicago). In regulation 2, “Annex 13” is defined as meaning that Annex as it has effect from time to time. Regulations 15 and 16 are purely domestic provisions.

Regulation 3 defines (a) “an act of unlawful interference”, for the purposes of paragraph 2 of Article 12 of Regulation 996/2010 (which requires the investigator-in-charge to inform the competent authorities when it becomes known or is suspected that such an act was involved in an accident or serious incident), and (b) “victim” (of an accident), for the purposes of paragraphs 4 and 5 of Article 15 of that Regulation (provision of information by the investigation authority to victims and their relatives prior to publication).

Regulation 7 provides that the Air Accidents Investigation Branch (“the AAIB”) (part of the Department for TranportTransport [sic]) continues to be designated as the safety investigation authority for the United Kingdom, for the purposes of Article 4 of Regulation 996/2010, and the accident investigation authority for the purposes of Annex 13.

Regulation 8 provides that the sole objective of a safety investigation is the prevention of accidents and incidents, without the apportionment of blame or liability.

Regulation 9 provides for the appointment of Inspectors of Air Accidents, a Chief Inspector of Air Accidents and a Deputy Chief Inspector and provides that the investigator-in-charge of a safety investigation is the Chief Inspector or any other Inspector selected by the Chief Inspector for that purpose.

As permitted by Regulation 996/2010, regulation 10 empowers the Chief Inspector to cause a safety investigation to be conducted in accordance with Regulation 996/2010, Annex 13 and these Regulations where an accident, serious incident or any other incident occurs in or over the United Kingdom and involves an aircraft to which Regulation 996/2010 would not otherwise apply (including an aircraft engaged in military, customs, police or similar services), but only in cases where the Chief Inspector expects to draw safety lessons for civil aviation from a safety investigation.

Regulation 11 implements paragraph 5.2 of Annex 13. It requires the Chief Inspector to cause a safety investigation to be conducted (insofar as it is practicable to do so) where an accident or serious incident occurs in or over a country or territory other than the United Kingdom or any other State which is party to the Chicago Convention. It applies where the accident or serious incident involves an aircraft in respect of which the United Kingdom is the State of Registry, the State of the Operator, the State of Design or the State of Manufacture (as defined in the regulation) and where an investigation is not conducted by another State.

Regulations 12 to 14 confer powers on the Inspectors of Air Accidents, which are supplemental to those conferred by Regulation 996/2010 and Annex 13, to enable them to conduct safety investigations effectively.

Regulation 15 makes provision for the release of evidence by the AAIB following the completion of a safety investigation and for the recovery of the reasonable costs of destruction or disposal of such property where the owner fails to collect it.

Regulation 16 requires the investigator-in-charge to provide any person whose reputation could be adversely affected by a safety investigation report (or such other person who appears to best represent that person’s interests) with particulars of any proposed analysis of facts and conclusions as to the circumstances and causes of the accident or incident prior to the publication of the report, and to permit that person to make written representations regarding that proposed analysis. Following the receipt of such representations, the investigator-in-charge must make such changes to the report as the investigator thinks fit.

Regulation 17 requires the Chief Inspector to provide a pre-publication copy of the final safety investigation report to the Secretary of State and any person on whom a notice has been served under regulation 16.

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 Paragraphs (1) and (3) of regulation 18 implement paragraph 5.13 of Annex 13 and require the Chief Inspector to reopen a safety investigation where new and significant evidence becomes available. Paragraph (2), which empowers the Chief Inspector to reopen a safety investigation for any other reason where the Chief Inspector considers it appropriate to do so, is a purely domestic provision. In both cases, the Chief Inspector must not reopen a safety investigation which has been delegated to the AAIB without the prior consent of the head of the investigation authority which delegated it.

Regulation 19 repeals subsection (1A) of the Civil Aviation Act 1982 (1982 c. 16), in order to reflect the repeal (by Regulation 996/2010) of Council Directive 94/56/EC of 21st November 1994 establishing the fundamental principles governing the investigation of civil aviation accidents and incidents (OJ No L 319, 12.12.1994, p 14).

Regulations 20 to 28 specify the acts and omissions that contravene these Regulations. Regulation 29 provides that subsection (5) of section 75 of the Civil Aviation Act 1982 (penalties) applies to all of those provisions, irrespective of whether they are made under section 75.

Copies of Annex 13 of the Chicago Convention can be accessed via the website of the International Civil Aviation Organization (at https://store1.icao.int/index.php/annex-13-aircraft-accident-and-incident-investigation-english-printed-13532.html) as a priced publication.

An impact assessment has not been produced for this instrument as no impact on the private or voluntary sectors is foreseen. An Explanatory Memorandum is published alongside the instrument at www.legislation.gov.uk. © Crown copyright 2018

Printed and published in the UK by The Stationery Office Limited under the authority and superintendence of Jeff James, Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationery Office and Queen’s Printer of Acts of Parliament.

£6.00

UK201803071018 03/2018 19585


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text: Poems, Chiefly Lyrical/The "How" and the "Why"


text: Discover It Design (USCO Review Board, 2013)


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 tion. It was the product of sane minds trained in the pure atmosphere of liberty, and nurtured in sound bodies developed by manly exercises. To the mind's eye it stands out, simple in form, faultless in beauty, eternal in strength; like the temple of Pallas Athene on the rock of the Acropolis, which, mangled though it be, still rears its noble form to check our tendency to mental arrogance and to inspire us with the hope that there be things which may outlive the ragings of man and the warring of the elements.

Darkness gradually overwhelmed the enlightenment of the Grecks. Philosophy gave way to mysticism, reason was swallowed up by superstition, and inquiry was strangled by authority. Men engaged in endless speculations, and tried by fire and sword to settle questions which could not be solved by reason-questions which now barely serve to furnish a little damp ammunition for the political pyrotechnist.

Intellectual training was almost limited to dialecties, and men could argue so nimbly and with such faultless logic from phantom premises, as to justify the later witticism that language was given us to conceal our thoughts. Under these blighting influences medicine withered almost to death, and the physicians of the fourteenth century were more ignorant than those of the first century. It is tolerably certain, to take a concrete example, that the beloved companion of St. Paul had a more


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 extended and more scientific grasp of medicine than the immediate predecessors of Vesalius and Harvey.

But if science in the Middle Ages stood still, the handicrafts progressed, and found ultimate expression in buildings marvellous for their engineering skill and matchless beauty which enshrined all that the most cunning hands, impelled by artistic imagination and devotional enthusiasm, could producc. Science can never know what it owes to the handicrafts. Not only has it been largely recruited from their ranks, but it is obvious that science can- not progress without the craftsman to furnish it with instruments of precision. Chemistry could not exist without the glass-blower; astronomy and microscopy owe their very existence to the optician, while medicine and physiology have advanced pari passu with the power of recording and measuring. All branches of science must unite in doing homage to the printer who made the Renaissance possible. Further, let us never forget that the Middle Ages were not without their high idcals, and that the medieval priests were indefatigable in preaching charity. Many of our asylums and hospitals owe their existence to the exhortations and piety of ecclesiastics. To take only one example, let us not forget that St. Bartholomew's Hospital owes its existence to a medieval prebend of St. Paul's, and that Rahere, by providing a place in which our Harvey subsequently observed disease, must be


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 allowed to have some share in Harvey's great discovery.

In briefly reviewing Harvey's life and work, we must in order to rightly estimate his genius take into consideration the circumstances in which he lived.

Harvey was born at Folkestone in 1578, into a world distracted by religious dissension. Queen Elizabeth was excommunicate; the massacre of St. Bartholomew was still fresh in the memory; the Netherlands were fighting Spain for life and liberty; Mary of Scotland was a prisoner waiting her tragic end.

While Harvey was still at his mother's knee he must have learnt how Drake had accomplished his circumnavigation and had returned laden with treasure; and as a lad of ten he may have stood upon the cliffs of Folkestone aud have seen how his countrymen, then as now, could sink minor differ- ences in the face of a common danger, as, led by the patriotic Lord Howard of Effingham, our fleet drove the Spanish Armada to its destruction.

Upon this great victory there followed a period of peace, prosperity, and extended commerce. The manor-house was tending more and more to replace the fortified stronghold of the feudal chieftain, a certain evidence of advancing civilisation; men found leisure for contemplative work; and the judicious Hooker began to teach that God revealed


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 himself in the natural laws of the world as well as in the letter of the Scriptures. Agriculture flourished, and accordingly we find that the promising son of the prosperous Kentish yeoman is sent from the King's School at Canterbury to Caius College, Cambridge. From Cambridge he goes to Padua, where alone in Europe he could receive anything like adequate instruction in anatomy, and where Fabricius ab Aquapendente held the torch which Vesalius had kindled, and from which our Caius had brought a vitalising spark to England. At Padua Harvey must have lived in a scientific atmosphere, and may occasionally have formed one of an audience of 2000 persons who hung upon the words of Galileo Galilei, the immortal professor of mathematics. After graduation in 1602, Harvey settled in London, married Elizabeth Browne, the daughter of the King's physician, became a fellow of our College in 1607, succeeded to the post of physician at St. Bartholomew's in 1609, was ap pointed our Lumleian lecturer in 1615, and in 1618 was made physician extraordinary to James I. It was not until ten years after this that Harvey in 1628, at the age of fifty, published in its final form his ever-famous essay on the Circulation of the Blood.

The thirty years which intervened between the commencement of Harvey's studies at Padua and the publication of his essay (1598-1628) was a period of comparative political tranquillity in which


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1826.]


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1826.]


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 porous, absorptive lava rock. Save when the tram-cars battered past outside the solid wall.

Kate went up the jet-like stone staircase, through the leather doors. Mrs Norris came forward on the terrace of the upper patio to receive her guests.

"Im so glad, my dear, that you came. I should have rung you up before, but I’ve had such trouble with my heart. And the doctor wanting to send me down to a lower altitude! I said to him, I’ve no patience! If you’re going to cure me, cure me at an altitude of seven thousand feet or else admit your incompetence at once. Ridiculous, this rushing up and down from one altitude to another. I’ve lived at this height all these years. I simply refuse to be bundled down to Cuernavaca or some other place where I don’t want to go. Well, my dear, and how are you?"

Mrs Norris was an elderly woman, rather like a conquistador herself in her black silk dress and her little black shoulder-shawl of fine cashmere, with a short silk fringe, and her ornaments of black enamel. Her face had gone slightly grey, her nose was sharp and dusky, and her voice hammered almost like metal, a slow, distinct, peculiar hard music of its own. She was an archaeologist, and she had studied the Aztec remains so long, that now some of the black-grey look of the lava rock, and some of the experience of the Aztec idols, with sharp nose and slightly prominent eyes and an expression of tomb-like mockery, had passed into her face. A lonely daughter of culture, with a strong mind and a dense will, she had browsed all her life on the hard stones of archaeological remains, and at the same time she had retained a strong sense of humanity, and a slightly fantastic humorous vision of her fellow men.

From the first instant, Kate respected her for her isolation and her dauntlessness. The world is made up of a mass of people and a few individuals. Mrs Norris was one of the few individuals. True, she played her social game all the time. But she was an odd number; and all alone, she could give the even numbers a bad time.

“But come in. Do come in!" she said, after keeping her two guests out on the terrace that was lined with black idols and dusty native baskets and shields and arrows and tapa, like a museum.

In the dark sitting-room that opened on to the terrace

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text: Blackwood's Magazine/Volume 20/Issue 114/The Owl


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“The sex instinct,” repeated Mr. Talliaferro in his careful cockney, with that smug complacence with which you plead guilty to a characteristic which you privately consider a virtue, “is quite strong in me. Frankness, without which there can be no friendship, without which two people cannot really ever ‘get’ each other, as you artists say; frankness, as I was saying, I believe—”

“Yes,” his host agreed. “Would you mind moving a little?” He complied with obsequious courtesy, remarking the thin fretful flashing of the chisel beneath the rhythmic maul. Wood scented gratefully slid from its mute flashing, and slapping vainly about himself with his handkerchief he moved in a Bluebeard’s closet of blonde hair in severed clots, examining with concern a faint even powdering of dust upon his neat small patent leather shoes. Yes, one must pay a price for Art....

Watching the rhythmic power of the other’s back and arm he speculated briefly upon which was more to be desired—muscularity in an undershirt, or his own symmetrical sleeve, and reassured he continued:

“frankness compels me to admit that the sex instinct is perhaps my most dominating compulsion.” Mr. Talliaferro believed that Conversation—not talk: Conversation—with an intellectual equal consisted of admitting as many so-called un-

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10 publishable facts as possible about oneself. Mr. Talliaferro often mused with regret on the degree of intimacy he might have established with his artistic acquaintances had he but acquired the habit of masturbation in his youth. But he had not even done this.

“Yes,” his host agreed again, thrusting a hard hip into him. “Not at all,” murmured Mr. Talliaferro quickly. A harsh wall restored his equilibrium roughly and hearing a friction of cloth and plaster he rebounded with repressed alacrity.

“Pardon me,” he chattered. His entire sleeve indicated his arm in gritty white and regarding his coat with consternation he moved out of range and sat upon an upturned wooden block. Brushing did no good, and the ungracious surface on which he sat recalling his trousers to his attention, he rose and spread his handkerchief upon it. Whenever he came here he invariably soiled his clothes, but under that spell put on us by those we admire doing things we ourselves cannot do, he always returned.

The chisel bit steadily beneath the slow arc of the maul. His host ignored him. Mr. Talliaferro slapped viciously and vainly at the back of his hand, sitting in lukewarm shadow while light came across roofs and chimneypots, passing through the dingy skylight, becoming weary. His host labored on in the tired light while the guest sat on his hard block regretting his sleeve, watching the other’s hard body in stained trousers and undershirt, watching the curling vigor of his hair.

Outside the window New Orleans, the vieux carré, brooded in a faintly tarnished languor like an aging yet still beautiful courtesan in a smokefilled room, avid yet weary too of ardent ways. Above the city summer was hushed warmly into the bowled weary passion of the sky. Spring and the cruellest months were gone, the cruel months, the wantons that break the fat hybernatant dullness and comfort of Time; August

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text: Poems, Chiefly Lyrical/Mariana

title: Poems, Chiefly Lyrical/Mariana


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 so great a radiance that it blinded the eyes of any one but the gods. Every morning Apollo put the sun in this chariot and drove to the eastern gates where Aurora, Goddess of the Dawn, flung down the bars for her Sun-god, who penned up the stars, collected his Hours about him and drove out along the pathway of the Heaven with the brilliant light of the sun.

Phaethon, an ambitious son of Apollo, watched his father day after day, and wished that he, too, might ride in such radiant splendor above the clouds. At last he made his way to the sun-palace and begged his father that he might show his comrades in Greece that he was truly the child of so glorious a god by being privileged to drive the sun. Apollo was horrified, but Phaethon persisted and at last he gave his reluctant consent. The headstrong youth then jumped into the chariot, grasped the reins of the celestial steeds and started along the zodiac. Ancient poets assert that the Earth looked up and trembled as she watched the snow-white horses of the Sun-god tear wildly up the steep slope in the east. The constellations shook with terror as they swerved from the beaten pathway, the Serpent twined about the icy Pole grew warm and began to writhe, and the Bear's stars fluttered and "wished to dip in the forbidden sea." Half dead with fear, Phaethon saw the shadowy star-decked forms of wild beasts scattered about the heavens and shuddered as the fierce Scorpion moved his claws and brandished his sting. Now beyond all control, the horses veered aside from the "heat vex't creatures" and rushed straight toward the earth, but, just in time, Jupiter hurled a tremendous thunderbolt and knocked Phaethon out of his chariot into a nearby river. The horses now turned toward the horizon which rested beyond the waters in the west, but the burning sunball had been drawn so close to the earth that the Nile had fled in fright and hid its head, which still remains hidden, and over a great area now known as the African desert, the moisture had

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 the merchant who was to pay the money, not known. This thought afforded me pleasure, though I could expect nothing but misery if ifif [sic] it should prove true."

"I hastened to the host, shewing him my draughts, under the pretext as if I wanted to know the direction of a merchant. He described the house and the street where he lived. I was frightened and went that same morning to the merchant. He looked slightly at the paper, but very seriously at me, and his eyes seemed to denote astonishment and pity. I expected, joyfully, that the bills would be protested; however, I was mistaken. He opened, sighing, his drawers, and counted down two hundred dollars, still looking at me with astonishment. I put the money in my pocket, and, being convinced that he pitied me for being obliged to that stranger, I took the liberty of asking him, by whom he was to be repaid; upon which he appeared to be disconcerted, shrugged his shoulders, muttered some unintelligible words, and left me


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 suddenly. I went away under the greatest apprehensions, and the weather being fine, was tempted to take a walk to a public garden."

"The beautiful morning had assembled there a great number of foreigners and of the inhabitants of F, I went into a remote bower, and ordered some chocolate."

"Retired from the noisy bustle of company, I could now muse on the strange accidents which I had experienced during my short stay at F: I also recollected my dream, and reflected on it more seriously than before. Though I was very much tempted to deem it something more than a delusion of fancy, yet I was still disinclined to ascribe that strange incident to a supernatural cause, being strongly prepossessed against the belief in apparitions, and found myself bewildered in a maze of irksome fancies. I struggled hard with my imagination, striving to forget what had made me so uneasy; however, all


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 my struggles proved abortive; the dream, or rather the apparition, continued returning to my remembrance, in defiance of my reasoning, and the nocturnal horrid spectre hovered still before my eyes, haunting me with gloomy thoughts."

"Being tired and wearied by the uninterrupted struggle between reason and fancy, I endeavoured to ease my soul of her heavy load, by a loud exclamation, and, without recollecting where I was, I suddenly broke out in the words, "No, it was a deluding dream."

"It was no dream!" exclaimed a well known voice on a sudden.

"I cast down my eyes filled with shame and terror, imagine how I was surprised to behold the mysterious stranger standing before me."

"Young man," said he, without giving me time to utter a single word, "young man, do


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one o'clock we turned into a restaurant for dinner. The Germans themselves always dine in the middle of the day, and a very substantial meal they make of it. At the hotels frequented by tourists table d'hôte is, during the season, fixed for about six or seven, but this is only done to meet the views of foreign customers.

I mention that we had dinner, not because I think that the information will prove exciting to the reader, but because I wish to warn my countrymen, travelling in Germany, against undue indulgence in Liptauer cheese.

I am fond of cheese, and of trying new varieties of cheese; so that when I looked down the cheese department of the bill of fare, and came across "liptauer garnit," an article of diet I had never before heard of, I determined to sample it.

It was not a tempting-looking cheese. It was an un-


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 healthy, sad-looking cheese. It looked like a cheese that had seen trouble. In appearance it resembled putty more than anything else. It even tasted like putty—at least, like I should imagine putty would taste. To this hour I am not positive that it was not putty. The garnishing was even more remarkable than the cheese. All the way round the plate were piled articles that I had never before seen at a dinner, and that I do not ever want to see there again. There was a little heap of split-peas, three or four remarkably small potatoes—at least, I suppose they were potatoes; if not, they were pea-nuts boiled soft,—some caraway-seeds, a very young-looking fish, apparently of the stickleback breed, and some red paint. It was quite a little dinner all to itself.

What the red paint was for, I could not understand. B. thought that it was put there for suicidal purposes. His idea was that the customer, after eating all the other things in the plate, would wish he were dead, and that the restaurant people, knowing this, had thoughtfully provided him with red paint for one, so that he could poison himself off and get out of his misery.

I thought, after swallowing the first mouthful, that I would not eat any more of this cheese. Then it occurred to me that it was a pity to waste it after having ordered it, and, besides, I might get to like it before I had finished. The taste for most of the good things of this world has to be acquired. I can remember the time when I did not like beer.

So I mixed up everything on the plate all together—made a sort of salad of it, in fact—and ate it with a spoon. A more disagreeable dish I have never tasted since the days when I used to do Willie Evans's "dags." by walking twice through a sewer, and was subsequently,


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 were visitors: an old man in a black morning coat and white hair and beard, and a woman in black crêpe-de-chine, with the inevitable hat of her sort upon her grey hair: a stiff satin turned up on three sides and with black ospreys underneath. She had the baby face and the faded blue eyes and the middle-west accent inevitable.

“Judge and Mrs Burlap.”

The third visitor was a youngish man, very correct and not quite sure. He was Major Law, American military attaché at the moment.

The three people eyed the newcomers with cautious suspicion. They might be shady. There are indeed so many shady people in Mexico that it is taken for granted, if you arrive unannounced and unexpected in the capital, that you are probably under an assumed name, and have some dirty game up your sleeve.

"Been long in Mexico?" snapped the Judge; the police enquiry had begun.

"No!” said Owen, resonantly, his gorge rising. "About two weeks.”

"You are an American?"

“I,” said Owen, "am American. Mrs Leslie is English—or rather Irish.”

“Been in the club yet?”

"No,” said Owen, “I haven’t. American clubs aren’t much in my line. Though Garfield Spence gave me a letter of introduction.”

"Who? Garfield Spence?" The Judge started as if he had been stung. "Why the fellow’s nothing better than a bolshevist. Why he went to Russia!"

"I should rather like to go to Russia myself," said Owen. “It is probably the most interesting country in the world to-day.”

"But weren’t you telling me," put in Mrs Norris, in her clear, metal-musical voice, "that you loved China so much, Mr Rhys?"

"I like China  much," said Owen.

“And I’m sure you made some wonderful collections. Tell me now, what was your particular fancy?"

"Perhaps, after all,” said Owen, "it was jade.”

“Ah jade! Yes! Jade! Jade is beautiful! Those wonderful little fairy-lands they carve in jade!”

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 on returning home, promptly put to bed, and made to eat brimstone and treacle.

I felt very sad after dinner. All the things I have done in my life that I should not have done recurred to me with painful vividness. (There seemed to be a goodish number of them, too.) I thought of all the disappointments and reverses I had experienced during my career; of all the injustice that I had suffered, and of all the unkind things that had been said and done to me. I thought of all the people I had known who were now dead, and whom I should never see again; of all the girls that I had loved, who were now married to other fellows, while I did not even know their present addresses. I pondered upon our earthly existence, upon how hollow, false, and transient it is, and how full of sorrow. I mused upon the wickedness of the world and of everybody in it, and the general cussedness of all things.

I thought how foolish it was for B. and myself to be


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 “And the stone itself! It was the delicate stone that fascinated me," said Owen. "The wonderful quality of it!"

"Ah wonderful, wonderful! Tell me now, dear Mrs Leslie, what you have been doing since I saw you?"

“We went to a bull-fight, and hated it," said Kate. At least I did. We sat in the Sun, near the ring, and it was all horrible.”

"Horrible, I am sure. I never went to a bull-fight in Mexico. Only in Spain, where there is wonderful colour. Did you ever try a bull-fight, Major?"

“Yes, I have been several times."

“You have! Then you know all about it. And how are you liking Mexico, Mrs Leslie?"

“Not much," said Kate. "It strikes me as evil.”

“It does! It does!" said Mrs Norris. “Ah, if you had known it before! Mexico before the revolution! It was different then. What is the latest news, Major?"

"About the same,” said the Major. "There is a rumour that the new President will be turned down by the army, a few days before he comes into office. But you never know.”

"I think it would be a great shame not to let him have a try,” put in Owen hotly. "He seems a sincere man, and just because he is honestly a Labour man, they want to shut him out.”

“Ah, my dear Mr Rhys, they talk so nobly before-hand. If only their deeds followed their words, Mexico would be heaven on earth.”

“Instead of hell on earth," snapped the Judge.

A young man and his wife, also Americans, were introduced as Mr and Mrs Henry. The young man was fresh and lively.

“We were talking about the new President,” said Mrs Norris.

"Well, why not!" said Mr Henry breezily. “I’m just back from Orizaba. And do you know what they’ve got pasted up on the walls?—"

“Why, did you ever hear of such a thing!" said Mrs Norris.

“ To the new Labour President! I think it’s rich," said Henry.

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 wasting our time, gadding about Europe in this silly way. What earthly enjoyment was there in travelling—being jolted about in stuffy trains, and overcharged at uncomfortable hotels?

B. was cheerful and frivolously inclined at the beginning of our walk (we were strolling down the Maximilian Strasse, after dinner); but as I talked to him, I was glad to notice that he gradually grew more serious and subdued. He is not really bad, you know, only thoughtless.

B. bought some cigars and offered me one. I did not want to smoke. Smoking seemed to me, just then, a foolish waste of time and money. As I said to B.:

"In a few more years, perhaps before this very month is gone, we shall be lying in the silent tomb, with the worms feeding on us. Of what advantage will it be to us then that we smoked these cigars to-day?"

B. said:

"Well, the advantage it will be to me now is, that if you have a cigar in your mouth I shan't get quite so much of your chatty conversation. Take one, for my sake."

To humour him, I lit up. I do not admire the German cigar. B. says that when you consider they only cost a penny, you cannot grumble. But what I say is, that when you consider they are dear at six a halfpenny, you can grumble. Well boiled, they might serve for greens; but as smoking material they are not worth the match with which you light them, especially not if the match be a German one. The German match is quite a high art work. It has a yellow head and a magenta or green stem, and can certainly lay claim to being the handsomest match in Europe.

We smoked a good many penny cigars during our stay


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 in Germany, and that we were none the worse for doing so I consider as proof of our splendid physique and constitution. I think the German cigar test might, with reason, be adopted by life insurance offices.—Question:

"Are you at present, and have you always been, of robust health?" Answer: "I have smoked a German cigar, and still live." Life accepted.

Towards three o'clock we worked our way round to the station, and began looking for our train. We hunted all over the place, but could not find it anywhere. The central station at Munich is an enormous building, and a perfect maze of passages and halls and corridors. It is much easier to lose oneself in it, than to find anything in it one may happen to want. Together and separately B. and I lost ourselves and each other some twenty-four times. For about half an hour we seemed to be doing nothing else but rushing up and down the station looking for each other, suddenly finding each other, and saying, "Why, where the dickens have you been? I have been hunting for you everywhere. Don't go away like that," and then immediately losing each other again.

And what was so extraordinary about the matter was that every time, after losing each other, we invariably met again—when we did meet—outside the door of the third-class refreshment-room.

We came at length to regard the door of the third-class refreshment-room as "home," and to feel a thrill of joy when, in the course of our weary wanderings through far-off waiting-rooms and lost-luggage bureaus and lamp depôts, we saw its old familiar handle shining in the distance, and knew that there, beside it, we should find our loved and lost one.

When any very long time elapsed without our coming


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 keeps his promise to help me in setting up the shop, our nuptials cannot be consumed."

Disillusionment of a kind, salted with humorous penetration and insight, was the great gift bestowed upon the introspective boy by this fortunate occupation. This part of his early training cannot fail to bring to mind the parallel case of Richardson, whose experience in writing model love-letters for others less gifted than himself in expressing supercharged emotions in a polite and graceful way led him to the composition of the first great English epistolary novel. Richardson, however, actually composed his perfumed screeds, while Hardy remained a mere amanuensis.

Thus Hardy passed the first sixteen years of his life: quiet, self-contained, shy, backward, aloof and generally uncomfortable when in the presence of other human beings. Drawn largely within himself, he learned to worship nature in his own peculiar fashion: to view its cosmic moods as the manifestations of an awful but indifferent Personality; to view the ferment of the same Personality in the souls and actions of men with less awe, but with added sympathy, recognizing in them the model of himself.

In 1856 his parents took thought. What were they to make of the youth? He was out of school, idle, preoccupied with himself. He had been able to cultivate but few companions. A social career was impossible, likewise was a university residence. He would inherit little or no income. Travel also was financially impracticable. To let him work with country swains of his own age, at farming or in an industry of some sort, would


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 be fatal to the self-esteem and family pride of his mother. London was far off, and opportunities in that city extremely rare. The father's building-business was progressing fairly well, but not well enough to support another master. Ambition, besides, prompted the Hardys to discover some sort of stepping-stone for the advancement of their son.

Now in Dorchester there lived a Mr. John Hicks, an architect, who occasionally placed small contracts in Mr. Hardy's way. The two men talked things over one day. A country architect was a step above a country builder. Dorsetshire architecture was indeed more than a mere trade, yet it was not quite a profession or an art. Still, it was a convenient wedge with which to pierce the wall that stood across the path of ambition. It might, given a fair amount of luck, lead on to better things. And Hicks thought he might well use an apprentice. Many ecclesiastical commissions were coming his way, for it was said that churches all over the country were in sore need of "restoration."

Young Hardy, facile enough with his pencil, readily accepted the suggestion. He entered Hicks's draughting office at Dorchester. Papers of indenture were duly signed. The boy was launched into a career which was to provide him with experiences and opportunities as yet undreamed of. The first definite turn in his life had been taken.

In London, meanwhile, there was buzzing a-plenty in the civilized world which awaited the young man, still


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 across it, we would go up to one of the officials, and ask to be directed to it.

"Please can you tell me," we would say, "the nearest way to the door of the third-class refreshment-room?"

When three o'clock came, and still we had not found the 3.10 train, we became quite anxious about the poor thing, and made inquiries concerning it.

"The 3.10 train to Ober-Ammergau," they said. "Oh, we've not thought about that yet."

"Haven't thought about it!" we exclaimed indignantly. "Well, do for heaven's sake wake up a bit. It is 3.5 now!"

"Yes," they answered, "3.5 in the afternoon; the 3.10 is a night train. Don't you see it's printed in thick type? All the trains between six in the evening and six in the morning are printed in fat figures, and the day trains in thin. You have got plenty of time. Look round after supper."

I do believe I am the most unfortunate man at a timetable that ever was born. I do not think it can be stupidity; for if it were mere stupidity, I should occasionally, now and then, when I was feeling well, not make a mistake. It must be fate.

If there is one train out of forty that goes on "Saturdays only" to some place I want to get to, that is the train I select to travel by on a Friday. On Saturday morning I get up at six, swallow a hasty breakfast, and rush off to catch a return train that goes on every day in the week "except Saturdays."

I go to London, Brighton and South Coast Railway-stations and clamour for South-Eastern trains. On Bank Holidays I forget it is Bank Holiday, and go and sit on draughty platforms for hours, waiting for trains that do not run on Bank Holidays.


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 To add to my misfortunes, I am the miserable possessor of a demon time-table that I cannot get rid of, a Bradshaw for August, 1887. Regularly, on the first of each month, I buy and bring home with me a new Bradshaw and a new A.B.C. What becomes of them after the second of the month, I do not know. After the second of the month, I never see either of them again. What their fate is, I can only guess. In their place is left, to mislead me, this wretched old 1887 corpse.

For three years I have been trying to escape from it, but it will not leave me. I have thrown it out of the window, and it has fallen on people's heads, and those people have picked it up and smoothed it out, and brought it back to the house, and members of my family—"friends" they call themselves—-people of my own flesh and blood—have thanked them and taken it in again!

I have kicked it into a dozen pieces, and kicked the pieces all the way downstairs and out into the garden, and persons—persons, mind you, who will not sew a button on the back of my shirt to save me from madness—have collected the pieces and stitched them carefully together, and made the book look as good as new, and put it back in my study!

It has acquired the secret of perpetual youth, has this time-table. Other time-tables that I buy become dissi-


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 unconscious alike of his powers and of his destiny. In science, religion, morals, philosophy, literature and art, in everything that spelt culture, one of the most brilliant periods in several English generations had passed its climax, was resting comfortably, and was about to slip unknowingly in decline towards the tragic, explosive overthrow that Darwin was quietly preparing for it with his patient accumulation of biological data.

The fruits of the Romantic Revolt had been reaped; a fresh consciousness of the beauties of the past, of nature and human nature unadorned, unrestrained by ugly fetters, had been gained. And the dangerous sordidness, the self-consuming flames of license that had too often accompanied the Satanic outbreaks of the opening of the century had been rigidly suppressed soon after Victoria had mounted the throne.

Wordsworth, last of the great poets of the late Renascence, had reformed, been crowned, relapsed into dulness, and died. Carlyle's barbarous, infinitely repetitious thunders had dulled many ears to the faint unrestful reverberations of the pseudo-cataclysm of 1848, that continued only in a steady and soothing decrescendo. Tennyson had written In Memoriam, Browning Christmas Eve and Easter Day: cogent forces on the side of an optimistic mysticism. Dickens had ceased crying out against the fantastic squalor of industrialism and was slumming in the American backwoods, to the Londoners' intense satisfaction. George Eliot had begun to ruin her splendidly human stories with moral Positivism, imported from Paris by Lewes. Thackeray was chanting of the rippling tragic comedy on the surface of the


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Rh was on the wing, and September—a month of languorous days regretful as woodsmoke. But Mr. Talliaferro’s youth, or lack of it, troubled him no longer. Thank God.

No youth to trouble the individual in this room at all. What this room troubled was something eternal in the race, something immortal. And youth is not deathless. Thank God. This unevenly boarded floor, these rough stained walls broken by high small practically useless windows beautifully set, these crouching lintels cutting the immaculate ruined pitch of walls which had housed slaves long ago, slaves long dead and dust with the age that had produced them and which they had served with a kind and gracious dignity—shades of servants and masters now in a more gracious region, lending dignity to eternity. After all, only a few chosen can accept service with dignity: it is man’s impulse to do for himself. It rests with the servant to lend dignity to an unnatural proceeding. And outside, above rooftops becoming slowly violet, summer lay supine, unchaste with decay.

As you entered the room the thing drew your eyes: you turned sharply as to a sound, expecting movement. But it was marble, it could not move. And when you tore your eyes away and turned your back on it at last, you got again untarnished and high and clean that sense of swiftness, of space encompassed; but on looking again it was as before: motionless and passionately eternal—the virginal breastless torso of a girl, headless, armless, legless, in marble temporarily caught and hushed yet passionate still for escape, passionate and simple and eternal in the equivocal derisive darkness of the world. Nothing to trouble your youth or lack of it: rather something to trouble the very fibrous integrity of your being. Mr. Talliaferro slapped his neck savagely.

The manipulator of the chisel and maul ceased his labor and straightened up, flexing his arm and shoulder muscles.

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12 And as though it had graciously waited for him to get done, the light faded quietly and abruptly: the room was like a bathtub after the drain has been opened. Mr. Talliaferro rose also and his host turned upon him a face like that of a heavy hawk, breaking his dream. Mr. Talliaferro regretted his sleeve again and said briskly:

“Then I may tell Mrs. Maurier that you will come?”

“What?” the other asked sharply, staring at him. “Oh, Hell, I have work to do. Sorry. Tell her I am sorry.”

Mr. Talliaferro’s disappointment was tinged faintly with exasperation as he watched the other cross the darkening room to a rough wood bench and raise a cheap enamelware water pitcher, gulping from it.

“But, I say,” said Mr. Talliaferro fretfully.

“No, no,” the other repeated brusquely, wiping his beard on his upper arm. “Some other time, perhaps. I am too busy to bother with her now. Sorry.” He swung back the open door and from a hook screwed into it he took down a thin coat and a battered tweed cap. Mr. Talliaferro watched his muscles bulge the thin cloth with envious distaste, recalling anew the unmuscled emphasis of his own pressed flannel. The other was palpably on the verge of abrupt departure and Mr. Talliaferro, to whom solitude, particularly dingy solitude, was unbearable, took his stiff straw hat from the bench where it flaunted its wanton gay band above the slim yellow gleam of his straight malacca stick.

“Wait,” he said, “and I'll join you.”

The other paused, looking back. “I’m going out,” he stated belligerently.

Mr. Talliaferro, at a momentary loss, said fatuously: “Why—ah, I thought—I should—” The hawk’s face brooded above him in the dusk remotely and he added quickly: “I could return, however.”

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 gentlemanly behavior of the time, the Brontë sisters of the comic tragedy of wild and lonely lives. Matthew Arnold was mellowing the world he saw, illusory at best, through the faintly rose-hued spectacles of academic Oxford, with its Christianized classical paganism. All these attractive forces continued to function, with ever decreasing vigor.

The glories of the Victorian compromise and self-justification were all conveniently at hand, and London was properly revelling in them. Complacent contemplation of steady, undisturbing achievement was the order of the day. That complacency had but few more years to live, for all its strength and solid building upon the seemingly substantial loam of a steady view towards a good order of things.

This London, and Thomas Hardy, diligently beginning his architectural apprenticeship, were inevitably drawing together. The Spirit of the Years was observing the slow ordering of a portentous convergence of the twain.


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Rh “Sure it’s no trouble?”

“Not at all, my dear fellow, not at all! Only call on me. I will be only too glad to return.”

“Well, if you’re sure it’s no trouble, suppose you fetch me a bottle of milk from the grocer on the corner. You know the place, don’t you? Here’s the empty one.”

With one of his characteristic plunging movements the other passed through the door and Mr. Talliaferro stood in a dapper fretted surprise, clutching a coin in one hand and an unwashed milk bottle in the other. On the stairs, watching the other’s shape descending into the welled darkness, he stopped again and standing on one leg like a crane he clasped the bottle under his arm and slapped at his ankle, viciously and vainly.

Descending a final stair and turning into a darkling corridor he passed two people indistinguishably kissing, and he hastened on toward the street door. He paused here in active indecision, opening his coat. The bottle had become clammy in his hand. He contemplated it through his sense of touch with acute repugnance. Unseen, it seemed to have become unbearably dirty. He desired something, vaguely—a newspaper, perhaps, but before striking a match he looked quickly over his shoulder. They were gone, hushing their chimed footsteps up the dark curve of the stair: their chimed tread was like a physical embrace. His match flared a puny fledged gold that followed his clasped gleaming stick as if it were a train of gun powder. But the passage was empty, swept with chill stone, imminent with weary moisture. . . the match burned down to the even polished temper of his fingernails and plunged him back into darkness more intense.

He opened the street door. Twilight ran in like a quiet violet dog and nursing his bottle he peered out across an un-

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 The Judge stamped his stick on the ground in a speechless access of irritability.

“They pasted on my luggage," said the Major, "when I came through Vera Cruz:. The degenerate middle class shall be regenerated by me, Montes."

“Poor Montes!" said Kate. "He seems to have got his work cut out.”

"He has indeed!" said Mrs Norris. “Poor man, I wish he might come in peacefully and put a strong hand on the country. But there’s not much hope, I’m afraid.”

There was a silence, during which Kate felt that bitter hopelessness that comes over people who know Mexico A bitter barren hopelessness.

"How can a man who comes in on a Labour vote, even a doctored one, put a strong hand on a country!" snapped the Judge." Why he came in on the very cry of " And again the old mar stamped his stick in an access of extreme irritability.

This was another characteristic of the old residents of the city: A state of intense, though often suppressed irritation, an irritation amounting almost to rabies.

Oh, but mayn’t it be possible that he will change his views a little on coming into power?" said Mrs Norris. "So many Presidents have done so.”

"I should say very probable, if ever he gets into power," said young Henry. "He’ll have all his work cut out saving Socrates Tomas, he won’t have much time left for saving Mexico.”

“He’s a dangerous fellow, and will turn out a scoundrel,” said the Judge.

“Myself,” said Owen, "as far as I have followed him, I believe he is sincere, and I admire him.”

“I thought it was so nice,” said Kate, "that they received him in New York with loud music by the Street Sweepers’ Band. The Street Sweepers’ Band they sent to receive him from the ship!"

“You see,” said the Major, "no doubt the Labour people themselves wished to send that particular band."

"But to be President Elect, and to be received by the Street Sweepers’ Band!" said Kate. “No, I can’t believe it!”

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14 dimensional feathered square, across stencilled palms and Andrew Jackson in childish effigy bestriding the terrific arrested plunge of his curly balanced horse, toward the long unemphasis of the Pontalba building and three spires of the cathedral graduated by perspective, pure and slumbrous beneath the decadent languor of August and evening. Mr. Talliaferro thrust his head modestly forth, looking both ways along the street. Then he withdrew his head and closed the door again.

He employed his immaculate linen handkerchief reluctantly before thrusting the bottle beneath his coat. It bulged distressingly under his exploring hand, and he removed the bottle in mounting desperation. He struck another match, setting the bottle down at his feet to do so, but there was nothing in which he might wrap the thing. His impulse was to grasp it and hurl it against the wall: already he pleasured in its anticipated glassy crash. But Mr. Talliaferro was quite honorable: he had passed his word. Or he might return to his friend’s room and get a bit of paper. He stood in hot indecision until feet on the stairs descending decided for him. He bent and fumbled for the bottle, struck it and heard its disconsolate empty flight, captured it at last and opening the street door anew he rushed hurriedly forth.

The violet dusk held in soft suspension lights slow as bellstrokes, Jackson square was now a green and quiet lake in which abode lights round as jellyfish, feathering with silver mimosa and pomegranate and hibiscus beneath which lantana and cannas bled and bled. Pontalba and cathedral were cut from black paper and pasted flat on a green sky; above them taller palms were fixed in black and soundless explosions. The street was empty, but from Royal street there came the hum of a trolley that rose to a staggering clatter, passed on and

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text: The Life of Thomas Hardy (Brennecke)/Chapter 4


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VII.

The maiden’s shield-sustainer a noble baldrick was,

Wherein were gems embroidered, as green as e’er was grass;

Their ever-changing brightness was mirror’d in the gold.

He who would win such lady must needs be warrior bold!

Her shield beneath the bosses, as we have heard declare,

Was three good spans in thickness; and this the maid could bear.

With steel and gold inlayings so richly ’twas beset,

Her chamberlains—four of them— could scarcely carry it.

When now the sturdy Hagen beheld this shield brought in,

The wrathful Lord of Tronjé did thus to speak begin:

“How now, King Gunther? truly we’re like to lose our life,

She, whom you would be wooing, must be the devil’s wife!”

Hear more now of her raiment: she had a wondrous store,

A watrior’s silken mantle from Azagaug she wore,—

A noble, costly garment; from which the flash was seen,

Of many a splendid jewel pertaining to the queen.

Then bore they to the lady,— and weighty ’twas, I trow,—

A giant-spear well sharpened, which she was wont to throw;

Most strong and monstrous was it, and mighty too, and broad,

And with its keen twin-edges right terribly it gored.

Of that spear’s weight, now hearken and hear the wonderment:

Four and a half good measures of metal to it went.

Three of Brunhilda’s liegemen could scarce uphold its weight.

When noble Gunther saw it, his courage did abate


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8

And in his heart he pondered: “What e’er will be the end?

If she be a hell-devil, who can the matter mend?

Were I alive and safely once more in Burgundy,

Here, rid of love and wooing, she long might wait for me!”

Then outspake Hagen’s brother, the valiant Dankwart,

“Alack that we did ever on this state-joumey start!

But knights we still are, surely, and it were very shame

To perish in this country, o’ermastered by a dame.

I do regret right sorely that e’er I saw this land!

Had but my brother Hagen his weapon in his hand,

And Thad mine! methinketh they’d be a whit more mild,

With all their pride and boasting, these vassals of Brunhild.

“For, know now of a surety, each one of you I warn,

No oath of peace should bind me,— had I a thousand sworn.

Ere I fordone before me my master dear shall see,

This maid her life shall forfeit, how ever fair she be!”

“We, without let or hindrance, could surely leave this land,”

Said Hagen, Dankwart’s brother, “had we good swords in hand,

And eke the armour on us that we in battle need;

Then would this haughty woman soon change her tone indeed!”

Full well the noble maiden heard what the warrior said;

With smiling mouth, half-turning, she o’er her shoulder bade:

“Thinks he himself so valiant? bring them their armour then,

And let these heroes handle their keen-edged swords again.”


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 “Oh, it actually was so,” said the Major. "But that is Labour hailing Labour, surely.”

“The latest rumour," said Henry, "is that the army will go over en bloc to General Angulo about the twenty-third, a week before the inauguration.”

“But how is it possible?" said Kate, "when Montes is so popular?"

“Montes popular!" they all cried at once. "Why!" snapped the Judge, "he’s the most unpopular man in Mexico.”

“Not with the Labour Party!" said Owen, almost at bay.

“The Labour Party!" the Judge fairly spat like a cat. “There is no such thing. What is the Labour Party in Mexico? A bunch of isolated factory hands here and there, mostly in the State of Vera Cruz. The Labour Party! They’ve done what they could already. We know them.”

"That’s true," said Henry. "The Labourites have tried every little game possible. When I was in Orizaba they marched to the Hotel Francia to shoot all the gringoes and the Gachupines. The hotel manager had pluck enough to harangue them, and they went off to the next hotel. When the man came out there to talk to them, they shot him before he got a word out. It’s funny, really! If you have to go to the Town Hall, and you’re dressed in decent clothes, they let you sit on a hard bench for hours. But if a street-sweeper comes in, or a fellow in dirty cotton drawers, it is —while you sit there waiting their pleasure. Oh, it’s quite funny.”

The Judge trembled with irritation like an access of gout. The party sat in gloomy silence, that sense of doom and despair overcoming them as it seems to overcome all people who talk seriously about Mexico. Even Owen was silent. He too had come through Vera Cruz, and had had his fright; the porters had charged him twenty pesos to carry his trunk from the ship to the train. Twenty pesos is ten dollars, for ten minutes’ work. And when Owen had seen the man in front of him arrested and actually sent to jail, a Mexican jail at that, for refusing to pay the charge, "the legal charge,” he himself had stumped up without a word.

"I walked into the National Museum the other day,” said

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 pated-looking wrecks in about a week. This book looks as fresh and new and clean as it did on the day when it first lured me into purchasing it. There is nothing about its appearance to suggest to the casual observer that it is not this month's Bradshaw. Its evident aim and object in life is to deceive people into the idea that it is this month's Bradshaw.

It is undermining my moral character, this book is. It is responsible for at least ten per cent. of the bad language that I use every year. It leads me into drink and gambling. I am continually finding myself with some three or four hours to wait at dismal provincial railway stations. I read all the advertisements on both platforms, and then I get wild and reckless, and plunge into the railway hotel and play billiards with the landlord for threes of Scotch.

I intend to have that Bradshaw put into my coffin with me when I am buried, so that I can show it to the record-


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Rh away leaving an interval filled with the gracious sound of inflated rubber on asphalt, like a tearing of endless silk. Clasping his accursed bottle, feeling like a criminal, Mr. Talliaferro hurried on.

He walked swiftly beside a dark wall, passing small indiscriminate shops dimly lighted with gas and smelling of food of all kinds, fulsome, slightly overripe. The proprietors and their families sat before the doors in tilted chairs, women nursing babies into slumber spoke in soft south European syllables one to another. Children scurried before him and about him, ignoring him or becoming aware of him and crouching in shadow like animals, defensive, passive and motionless.

He turned the corner. Royal street sprang in two directions and he darted into a grocery store on the corner, passing the proprietor sitting in the door with his legs spread for comfort, nursing the Italian balloon of his belly on his lap. The proprietor removed his short terrific pipe and belched, rising to follow the customer. Mr. Talliaferro set the bottle down hastily.

The grocer belched again, frankly. “Good afternoon,” he said in a broad West End accent much nearer the real thing than Mr. Talliaferro’s. “Meelk, hay?”

Mr. Talliaferro extended the coin, murmuring, watching the man’s thick reluctant thighs as he picked up the bottle without repugnance and slid it into a pigeonholed box and opening a refrigerator beside it, took therefrom a fresh one. Mr. Talliaferro recoiled.

“Haven’t you a bit of paper to wrap it in?” he asked diffidently.

“Why, sure,” the other agreed affably. “Make her in a parcel, hay?” He complied with exasperating deliberation, and breathing freer but still oppressed, Mr. Talliaferro took

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 day entered her noviciate in the convent, and it was her intent, after passing through her probation as a novice, to take the veil, and she was inquiring of a nun concerning the rules of the convent, when they heard the voice of Lucio, who, as he entered that religious house, said: "Peace be in this place!"—"Who is it that speaks?" said Isabel. "It is a man's voice," replied the nun: "Gentle Isabel, go to him, and learn his business; you may, I may not. When you have taken the veil, you must not speak with men but in the presence of the prioress; then if you speak you must not show your face, or if you show your face, you must not speak."—"And have you nuns no further privileges?" said Isabel. "Are not these large enough?" replied the nun. "Yes, truly," said Isabel: "I speak not as desiring more, but rather wishing a more strict restraint upon the sisterhood, the votarists of Saint Clare." Again they heard the voice of Lucio, and the nun said: "He calls again. I pray you answer him." Isabel then went out to Lucio, and in answer to his salutation, said: "Peace and Prosperity! Who is it that calls?" Then Lucio, approaching her with reverence, said: "Hail, virgin, if such you be, as the roses on your cheeks proclaim you are no less! can you bring me to the sight of Isabel, a novice of this place, and the fair sister to her unhappy brother Claudio?" "Why her unhappy brother?" said Isabel, "let me ask! for I am that Isabel, and his sister."—"Fair and gentle lady," he replied, "your brother kindly greets you by me; he is in prison."—"Woe is me! for what?" said Isabel. Lucio then told her, Claudio was imprisoned for seducing a young maiden. "Ah," said she, "I fear it is my cousin Juliet." Juliet and Isabel were not related, but they called each other cousin in remembrance of their school days' friendship; and as Isabel knew that Juliet loved Claudio,


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 the Major quietly. "Just into that room on the patio where the stones are. It was rather a cold morning, with a Norte blowing. I’d been there about ten minutes when somebody suddenly poked me on the shoulder. I turned round, and it was a lout in tight boots. I said Then he motioned me to take my hat off: I’'d got to take my hat off.  said I, and I turned away and went on looking at their idols and things: ugliest set of stuff in the world, I believe. Then up came the fellow with the attendant—the attendant of course wearing his cap. They began gabbling that this was the National Museum, and I must take off my hat to their national monuments. Imagine it: those dirty stones! I laughed at them and jammed my hat on tighter and walked out. They are really only monkeys, when it comes to nationalism.”

“Exactly!" cried Henry. "When they forget all about the Patria and Mexico and all that stuff, they’re as nice a people as you’d find. But as soon as they get national, they’re just monkeys. A man up from Mixcoatl told me a nice story. Mixcoat] is a capital way in the South, and they’ve got a sort of Labour bureau there. Well, the Indians come in from the hills, as wild as rabbits. And they get them into that bureau, and the Laboristas, the agitator fellows, say to them: Then of course the Indians start complaining about one another, and the Secretary says: So he goes to the telephone and starts ringing: ringing: The Indians sit gaping with open mouths. To them it’s a miracle.

There sit the Indians staring as if heaven had opened and

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 she feared she had been led by her affection for him into this transgression. "She it is," replied Lucio. "Why then, let my brother marry Juliet," said Isabel. Lucio replied that Claudio would gladly marry Juliet, but that the lord deputy had sentenced him to die for his offence; "Unless," said he, "You have the grace by your fair prayer to soften Angelo, and that is my business between you and your poor brother."—"Alas!" said Isabel, "what poor ability is there in me to do him good? I doubt I have no power to move Angelo."—"Our doubts are traitors," said Lucio, "and make us lose the good we might often win, by fearing to attempt it. Go to lord Angelo! When maidens sue, and kneel, and weep, men give like gods."—"I will see what I can do," said Isabel: "I will but stay to give the prioress notice of the affair, and then I will go to Angelo. Commend me to my brother: soon at night I will send him word of my success."

Isabel hastened to the palace, and threw herself on her knees before Angelo, saying: "I am a woeful suitor to your honour, if it will please your honour to hear me."—"Well, what is your suit?" said Angelo. She then made her petition in the most moving terms for her brother's life. But Angelo said: "Maiden, there is no remedy; your brother is sentenced, and he must die."—"O just, but severe law," said Isabel: "I had a brother then—Heaven keep your honour!" and she was about to depart. But Lucio, who had accompanied her, said: "Give it not over so; return to him again, entreat him, kneel down before him, hang upon his gown. You are too cold; if you should need a pin, you could not with a more tame tongue desire it." Then again Isabel on her knees implored for mercy. "He is sentenced," said Angelo: "it is too late."—"Too late!" said Isabel: "Why, no:


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VII.

When they received their weapons, at the proud maid’s command,

For joy did Dankwart redden to hold his sword in hand:

“Now play your games, and welcome!” shouted the fearless thane,

Gunther need fear no danger, we have our swords again!”

The strength of Queen Brunhilda it was a fearsome thing;

They brought her for the contest a stone into the ring—

A monstrous one and heavy, so mighty, and so round,

Twelve stalwart heroes scarcely could heave it from the ground.

Whene’er she threw the javelin she next would hurl this stone.

Then did the stout Burgundians within their spirit groan:

“God help us!” cried Sir Hagen, “what bride our king hath woo’d!

Hell were her proper sojourn, she’s of the Devil’s brood!”

Around her snow-white arms she began her sleeves to wind,

And on her hand she fastened the buckler to her mind;

Then high she poised her javelin; and so began the fight.

Gunther, and Siegfried likewise, did dread Brunhilda’s spite.

And were it not for Siegfried, who came unto his aid,

The king’s life had been forfeit unto the doughty maid.

The knight, unseen, approach’d him, and twitch’d him by the hand;

But Gunther quail’d: his cunning he did not understand.

“What was it that did touch me?” the bold man thought, and he

Look’d round and sought on all sides, but not a soul could see.

A voice said: “It is Siegfried, ’tis I, your trusty friend,

As to this queen, I pray you, let fear be at an end.”


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 the Virgin of Guadalupe was standing tiptoe on their chins.

And what do you expect? The telephone is a dummy. It isn’t connected with anywhere. Isn’t that rich? But it’s Mexico.”

The moment’s fatal pause followed this funny story.

“Oh but!" said Kate, "it’s wicked! It wicked. I’m sure the Indians would be all right, if they were left alone.”

“Well,” said Mrs Norris. “Mexico isn’t like any other place in the world.”

But she spoke with fear and despair in her voice.

“They seem to to betray everything," said Kate. "They seem to  criminals and ghastly things. They seem to want the ugly things. They seem to the ugly things to come up to the top. All the foulness that lies at the bottom, they want to stir up to the top. They seem to enjoy it. To enjoy making everything fouler. Isn’t it curious!"

"It is curious,’” said Mrs Norris.

"But that’s what it is,” said the Judge. "They want to turn the country into one big crime. They don’t like anything else. They don’t like honesty and decency and cleanliness. They want to foster lies and crime. What they call liberty here is just freedom to commit crime. That’s what Labour means, that’s what they all mean. Free crime, nothing else.”

"I wonder all the foreigners don’t go away,” said Kate.

"They have their occupations here," snapped the Judge.

“And the good people all going away. They have nearly all gone, those that have anything left to go to,” said Mrs Norris. “Some of us, who have our property here, and who have made our lives here, and who know the country, we stay out of a kind of tenacity. But we know it’s hopeless. The more it changes, the worse it is.—Ah, here is Don Ramon and Don Cipriano. So pleased to see you. Let me introduce you.”

Don Ramon Carrasco was a tall, big, handsome man who gave the effect of bigness. He was middle aged, with a large black moustache and large, rather haughty eyes under straight brows. The General was in civilian clothes, looking very small beside the other man, and very smartly built, almost cocky.

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 I that do speak a word may call it back again. Believe this, my lord, no ceremony that to great ones belongs, not the king's crown, nor the deputed sword, the marshal's truncheon, nor the judge's robe, becomes them with one half so good a grace as mercy does."—"Pray you begone," said Angelo. But still Isabel entreated; and she said: "If my brother had been as you, and you as he, you might have slipped like him, but he, like you, would not have been so stem. I would to heaven I had your power, and you were Isabel. Should it then be thus? No, I would tell you what it were to be a judge, and what a prisoner."—"Be content, fair maid!" said Angelo: "it is the law, not I, condemns your brother. Were he my kinsman, my brother, or my son, it should be thus with him. He must die to-morrow."—"To-morrow?" said Isabel; "Oh, that is sudden: spare him, spare him; he is not prepared for death. Even for our kitchens we kill the fowl in season; shall we serve Heaven with less respect than we minister to our gross selves? Good, good, my lord, bethink you, none have died for my brother's offence, though many have committed it. So you would be the first that gives this sentence, and he the first that suffers it. Go to your own bosom, my lord; knock there, and ask your heart what it does know that is like my brother's fault; if it confess a natural guiltiness such as his is, let it not sound a thought against my brother's life!" Her last words more moved Angelo than all she had before said, for the beauty of Isabel had raised a guilty passion in his heart, and he began to form thoughts of dishonourable love, such as Claudio's crime had been; and the conflict in his mind made him to turn away from Isabel; but she called him back, saying: "Gentle my lord, turn back; hark, how I will bribe you. Good my lord, turn back!"—"How, bribe me!"


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 said Angelo, astonished that she should think of offering him a bribe. "Ay," said Isabel, "with such gifts that Heaven itself shall share with you; not with golden treasures, or those glittering stones, whose price is either rich or poor as fancy values them, but with true prayers that shall be up to Heaven before sunrise,—prayers from preserved souls, from fasting maids whose minds are dedicated to nothing temporal."—"Well, come to me to-morrow," said Angelo. And for this short respite of her brother's life, and for this permission that she might be heard again, she left him with the joyful hope that she should at last prevail over his stern nature: and as she went away she said: "Heaven keep your honour safe! Heaven save your honour!" Which when Angelo heard, he said within his heart: "Amen, I would be saved from thee and from thy virtues:" and then, affrighted at his own evil thoughts, he said: "What is this? What is this? Do I love her, that I desire to hear her speak again, and feast upon her eyes? What is it I dream on? The cunning enemy of mankind, to catch a saint, with saints does bait the hook. Never could an immodest woman once stir my temper, but this virtuous woman subdues me quite. Even till now, when men were fond, I smiled and wondered at them."

In the guilty conflict in his mind Angelo suffered more that night than the prisoner he had so severely sentenced; for in the prison Claudio was visited by the good duke, who, in his friar's habit, taught the young man the way to heaven, preaching to him the words of penitence and peace. But Angelo felt all the pangs of irresolute guilt: now wishing to seduce Isabel from the paths of innocence and honour, and now suffering remorse and horror for a crime as yet but intentional. But in the end his evil thoughts


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 prevailed; and he who had so lately started at the offer of a bribe, resolved to tempt this maiden with so high a bribe, as she might not be able to resist, even with the precious gift of her dear brother's life.

When Isabel came in the morning, Angelo desired she might be admitted alone to his presence: and being there, he said to her, if she would yield to him her virgin honour and transgress even as Juliet had done with Claudio, he would give her her brother's life; "For," said he, "I love you, Isabel."—"My brother," said Isabel, "did so love Juliet, and yet you tell me he shall die for it."—"But," said Angelo, "Claudio shall not die, if you will consent to visit me by stealth at night, even as Juliet left her father's house at night to come to Claudio." Isabel, in amazement at his words, that he should tempt her to the same fault for which he passed sentence upon her brother, said: "I would do as much for my poor brother as for myself; that is, were I under sentence of death, the impression of keen whips I would wear as rubies, and go to my death as to a bed that longing I had been sick for, ere I would yield myself up to this shame." And then she told him, she hoped he only spoke these words to try her virtue. But he said: "Believe me, on my honour, my words express my purpose." Isabel, angered to the heart to hear him use the word Honour to express such dishonourable purposes, said: "Ha! little honour to be much believed; and most pernicious purpose. I will proclaim thee, Angelo, look for it! Sign me a present pardon for my brother, or I will tell the world aloud what man thou art!"—"Who will believe you, Isabel?" said Angelo; "my unsoiled name, the austereness of my life, my word vouched against yours, will outweigh your accusation. Redeem your brother by yielding


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 to my will, or he shall die to-morrow. As for you, say what you can, my false will overweigh your true story. Answer me to-morrow."

"To whom should I complain? Did I tell this, who would believe me?" said Isabel, as she went towards the dreary prison where her brother was confined. When she arrived there, her brother was in pious conversation with the duke, who in his friar"s habit had also visited Juliet, and brought both these guilty lovers to a proper sense of their fault; and unhappy Juliet with tears and a true remorse confessed that she was more to blame than Claudio, in that she willingly consented to his dishonourable solicitations.

As Isabel entered the room where Claudio was confined, she said: "Peace be here, grace, and good company!"—"Who is there?" said the disguised duke; "come in; the wish deserves a welcome."—"My business is a word or two with Claudio," said Isabel. Then the duke left them together, and desired the provost, who had the charge of the prisoners, to place him where he might overhear their conversation.

"Now, sister, what is the comfort?" said Claudio. Isabel told him he must prepare for death on the morrow. "Is there no remedy?" said Claudio.—"Yes, brother," replied Isabel, "there is, but such a one, as if you consented to it would strip your honour from you, and leave you naked."—"Let me know the point," said Claudio. "O, I do fear you, Claudio!" replied his sister; "and I quake, lest you should wish to live, and more respect the trifling term of six or seven winters added to your life, than your perpetual honour! Do you dare to die? The sense of death is most in apprehension, and the poor beetle that we tread upon, feels a pang as great as when a giant dies." "Why do you


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78

He said: “Unhand the buckler, and let me carry it,

And what thou hear’st me tell thee, mark well with all thy wit:

Thine must be all the gestures, but I will do each deed.”

When Gunther understood him his heart grew light indeed,

“See thou conceal my cunning, and tell no man thereof:

The queen will little glory win from thee, though she scoff,

And though it be her purpose to add unto her fame:

See how she stands before thee, fearless, the noble dame!”

With all her strength of body, her spear the glorious maid

Against a new shield hurléd,— ’twas broad and stoutly made,—

Which on his arm was bearing the son of Siegelind;

Bright fire-sparks from the steel flew, as driven by the wind.

The blade of her stout lance-head clean through his shield did crash,

And from his close-ring’d hauberk the fire was seen to flash.

The shock of the encounter so drave the stalwart men,

That, saving for the Tarnhelm, they both had there been slain

Out of the mouth of Siegfried, the bold knight, gushed the blood;

But soon again upsprang he: then gripped the hero good

The spear which she had hurléd, that thro’ his buckler went,

And back it fley upon her, by Stegfried’s strong hand sent.

He thought: “I will not shoot her, this maid who is so fair!”

And so he turned behind him the sharp head of the spear,

And with the shaft he smote her upon her vest of steel;

So that the blow re-echoed that his stout hand did deal.