text:
Page:The Philippine Islands, 1493-1803 (Volume 09).pdf/258

 I have been informed that wrongs are inflicted on the heathen Chinese Indians who go to trade at the said islands, both in permitting the guards stationed by my royal officials on their vessels to take bribes (which are brought from China to give to private individuals, in order to allow them to do certain things), and in the conduct of those who register the vessels, who seize and take from them all the best merchandise, and leave them only the worst. This they pay for only at the price brought by the rejected merchandise. The Chinese, because they fear lest those who register their vessels should take their merchandise from them at the time of appraisal, value them at prices much in excess of their true value. The result of this is that, as the goods are sold afterward at very low rates, the Chinese pay my duties at the rate of valuation. Moreover, the masts are taken from their vessels in order to place them in Spanish vessels, as they are light; and in exchange they are given others, which are so heavy that they are lost. This is not right and ought not to be permitted. Therefore I charge you not to allow it, or to permit any wrong to be inflicted upon the said Indians. On the contrary, both you and the said Audiencia shall take special care to remedy the said wrongs, and to punish those who inflict them. You shall show all kind treatment and attention, both to the above and to all others who went there before for trade and commerce. You shall expedite them in every way and treat them well, as is advisable—not only so that they may continue the trade, but also so that they may be led to abandon the idolatry and blindness in which they live, and to receive instruction in the law of the gospel.


text:
Page:The Philippine Islands, 1493-1803 (Volume 09).pdf/251

 replace the one lost. Inasmuch as you must maintain the roll of men complete, you are advised that if you find that the scruples raised by certain men, in regard to the Indian slaves bought by the said Gomez Perez in order to man the said galleys, as there were no other men available for them, are still in force, then it will be advisable for you and the archbishop, together with those persons whom you both think advisable, to discuss this matter, and to determine how the galleys can be maintained and manned without the said scruples; or that those who have those scruples, may tell how the land may be made secure without them. You shall advise me of everything and of the account given to you by the commander and officers of the said galleys, as to their condition, adequacy, and services.

Upon your arrival at those islands, and when you shall have taken charge of your office, you shall investigate the new method and conditions by which new invasions and pacifications may be lawfully made; also the smallness of the number of men, the slight cost, and the great ease and advantage with which they should be made, because of the division of the country into many islands and among many petty rulers, who easily come to blows among themselves, and ally themselves with the Spaniards, and hence can be preserved with but few soldiers. Since the petition in regard to the pay and number of the soldiers there was conceded—and you must keep the soldiers in good discipline, and satisfied and well-paid—you shall make the said expeditions of entry and pacification with great forethought and justification. You shall observe the ordinances in the instructions for new discoveries, which shall be given

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
Page:The Philippine Islands, 1493-1803 (Volume 09).pdf/256

 paid in whatever the Indian possesses, yet on account of certain words in the said appraisals and of the articles which are assigned for tribute—such as cotton cloth, and other products of the country—occasion is given for the said irregularity. This has resulted in each one's collecting whatever he wished, to the great offense and wrong of the said Indians; for when gold is plentiful, their encomenderos demand money, and when the latter is abundant and gold scarce, they demand gold, even though the said Indians have to seek and buy it. In short, they always demand the said tributes in those things that are scarce. Thus for the tribute of eight reals, some collect fifteen, and others twenty, twenty-five, thirty, and more, according to the value of the products that they demand, which they cause the Indians to seek and bring from other districts, to their great distress and affliction. As it is advisable to remedy this disorder and excess, I charge you that, with the concurrence and advice of the Audiencia, you shall endeavor to have the decree followed in regard to the payment by the said Indians of their tribute in money, gold, or land products—as they choose, without being forced or urged to pay it in any other thing or product whereby they suffer the said wrong, or any similar wrong; this shall be observed in the payment of the said tributes.

In regard to the lawlessness that has existed and exists, in the departure of the said religious from the said islands to the mainland of China and other places, without permission from the governor or archbishop (declaring that, because of their universal power, they will excommunicate those who prevent them) I have previously made known what


text:
Page:The Philippine Islands, 1493-1803 (Volume 09).pdf/257

 was regarded as advisable—namely, that the religious should go to the said Philipinas Islands fully resolved to settle there, and not to go to any other place without your permission and that of the said archbishop; for I am sending them for this purpose, and they go there at so great expense to me, in order that my obligation to furnish instruction might be fulfilled. It is not right that, when they go there, they should frustrate all the above for their own individual ends and purposes, in order that they might secure and enjoy the privileges on which they are established; without being bound to their ministry, which they have no right to abandon. This must be understood as affecting the religious who go there for the purpose of settling and remaining in the islands, and not those who have my permission to go farther to other districts; for, when the latter is given or granted them, it will be after weighty consideration.

I have been informed also that, in order to correct the license that has existed, and the wrongs that have resulted from the departure of some from the said islands for China and other countries without order or permission, it would be advisable to ordain, under severe penalties, that no Spanish layman may leave the islands for any place, or to attend to any business, or give fragata, supplies, or any other aid to any of the said religious, except by my special order, or by your permission and that of the said archbishop. Inasmuch as this is coördinate with the contents of the preceding section, you shall note what is provided therein, for the same must be understood in what touches this matter, which it covers completely.


text:
Page:The Philippine Islands, 1493-1803 (Volume 09).pdf/254

 the advice and opinion of the Audiencia, in the form and manner most advisable. You shall always observe in everything the form above mentioned, and no other.

As I have thought it advisable that you, whom I trust so completely, should, with the advice and opinion of the Audiencia, have power and authority to make the said expeditions of entry and pacifications at the cost of my royal exchequer, in consideration of the fact that, if you in lands so remote were compelled to await a reply from here, important opportunities and occasions might be lost, I have resolved to empower you for this purpose. Accordingly I give you this power, and I order the officials of my royal exchequer of the said islands to honor all your orders on them for the said purpose, from the moneys in their power. But you are to take note that you shall exercise the said power only in the most important matters that arise. You shall beforehand communicate regarding these, not only with the Audiencia, as above stated, but also with ecclesiastical or secular persons, or such of them as you shall deem suitable and of greatest merit and experience, in order that whatever is done be concurred in by all and the expense be no greater than what is unavoidable. You shall endeavor to make as safe as possible the regions pacified and subdued. You shall advise me, with the minuteness and circumspectness required by the importance of this matter and my desire for its execution, of what you do, of what is pacified, the means that you employ, and the condition in which it shall be placed and left.

In order that this may be done better and at the least expense, I authorize you, after having resolved


text:
Page:The Philippine Islands, 1493-1803 (Volume 09).pdf/255

 upon the expeditions of entry and the new pacifications that it is advisable to make, in the form above mentioned, to covenant and agree with captains, encomenderos, and any others, in regard to the said expeditions of entry and pacifications. They shall make them wholly or partly at their own cost, as you may deem more advisable. These men shall be given title as governors of the islands or provinces that they discover or pacify, and for a limited time as captains and masters-of-camp. However, you shall not grant them title as adelantados or mariscals; but, when anyone claims such a title, you shall refer the matter to me, with a relation of the services, character, and merits of the claimant. The said contracts and covenants that you shall make, may, with the concurrence and advice of the Audiencia, remain in force until I approve them, in order to gain time, but on the condition of referring everything to me. For this, in conformity with it, you shall bind the parties to produce the said confirmations within a certain brief period fixed by yourself. They shall bind themselves to observe in their pacifications the said orders and instructions given by me for making the said pacifications and new discoveries, and, after they are made, for conserving them; for in this matter you must make no exemptions, nor shall I make any in any case, nor shall any contract be kept with those who do not observe and keep the above.

I have been informed also that there has been, and is at present, much irregularity in the collection of the tributes from the Indians, because the former governors of the said islands made the appraisements in a very confused and haphazard manner. For, although each Indian's tribute is worth eight reals,


text:
Page:Masnavi I Ma'navi.pdf/102

54 THE MASNAVI. [BOOK I. the eight heavens and the seven hells, and the destinies of all men, whether bound to heaven or hell. The body, he said, is as a mother, and the soul as her infant, and death is the time of parturition, when it becomes manifest to what class the infant soul belongs. As on the day of judgment it will be manifest to all men whether a soul belongs to the saved or to the lost, so now it was plain and manifest to him. He went on to ask the Prophet if he should publish this secret knowledge of his to all men, or hold his peace. The Prophet told him to hold his peace. Zaid, however, proceeded to detail the vision of the last judgment, which he had seen when in the spirit; and the Prophet again commanded him to pause, adding that "God is never ashamed to say the truth,"1 and allows His Prophet to speak forth the truth, but that for Zaid to blab forth the secrets seen in ecstatic vision would be wrong. Zaid replied that it was impossible for one who had once beheld the Sun of "The Truth" to keep his vision a secret. But the Prophet in reply instructed him that all men are masters of their own wills, and that he must not reveal what God has determined to keep secret till the last day, in order to leave men till then under the stimulus of hope and fear, and to give them the credit of "believing what is not seen." More honour is given to the warder of a castle who faithfully executes his trust at a distance from the court than to those courtiers who serve constantly under the king's own eye. Zaid submitted to the Prophet's injunctions, and remained self-contained in his ecstatic visions. Anecdotes of the sage Luqman, of King Solomon, and of a conflagration in the days of the Khalifa 'Omar complete the section.

The Prophet's final counsels of "Reserve" (p. 91).

The Prophet said, "My companions are as the stars,

Lights to them that walk aright, missiles against Satan.

If every man had strength of eyesight 1 Koran xxxiii. 53- 3 Koran ii. 2.

title: Page:Masnavi I Ma'navi.pdf/102


text:
Page:The Philippine Islands, 1493-1803 (Volume 09).pdf/253

 secure the continuation of the instruction of so many people as are already converted, and under my royal protection. Because these do not have the peace and tranquillity required, they suffer great hardships and wrongs from those who are in rebellion and unpacified. Daily the latter harass, kill, and assault them, and burn their crops. On this account, and because they kill many Spaniards also, not only is there no advance made in conquests, but that portion conquered is being daily diminished. In order to reform this state of affairs, you shall give commands, in accordance with what has been said above, with great consideration and justification. You shall always observe, as aforesaid, the ordinances set forth in the instructions for discoveries, pacifications, and the introduction of the gospel, without violating them in any point.

Beside the said provinces that are in rebellion in places, among the Spaniards and Indians already converted, there are others, which although they do not lie so near, yet, in respect to their distances and the nature of their inhabitants, cannot be termed new discoveries, as they are already known and considered—as, for instance, Babuyanes, the island of Hermosa, the island of Caballos, Lequios, the islands of Ançion, Jabas, Burney, Pacaguan, Calanyanes, Mindanao, Sido, Maluco, and many others. Since, as it is reported, the condition of these provinces is daily becoming worse, and it is advised that it would be necessary to pacify them for the welfare and safety of the Spaniards, and that delay might make that task more difficult, you shall inform yourself as to how the said pacification and conquest can be best and most quickly made. You shall perform it with


text:
Page:The Philippine Islands, 1493-1803 (Volume 09).pdf/252

 you, and shall not transgress them one jot or tittle in regard both to what is pacified during your term, and to conserving that, as well as what shall have been pacified before; for in both cases you must do this without any sort of violence or ill treatment, but with the kind treatment by which friends must be preserved. Thus if there has been any excess in this which has been done contrary to my will and orders—it must entirely cease in whatever shall be done during your term. By this I lighten my conscience and charge yours.

The great need for the said pacification in the said islands has been reported, especially in those very districts where the Spaniards live, and which they frequent. These districts are all in rebellion and unsubdued, because of the lack of soldiers. Report has been made also of the injuries and vexations caused by the soldiers there to the natives. And inasmuch as things are come to such a pass there, according to report, that the island of Luçon has many provinces which have never been subdued, or if subdued, are in rebellion—as for instance, Cagayan, Panga[sinan?], Onçian, Çambales, Valenses, and others, all in the midst of the pacified provinces, and near and contiguous to Manila, and all in confusion and lack of any regulation—as soon as you reach the said islands, with the advice and opinion of the Audiencia, you shall ordain what is most advisable in this matter. You shall begin, as may be reasonable and most desirable, by attending to the general improvement of these conditions, and with especial care and assistance; for evil might come upon the distant places, if the part at your very doors is left under suspicion and unsubdued. Besides there is the obligation to try to


text:
Page:Masnavi I Ma'navi.pdf/103

STORY XV.] COUNSELS OF RESERVE. 55 To look straight at the light of the sun in heaven,

What need were there of stars, O humble one,

To one who was guided by the light of the sun?

Neither moon nor planets would be needed

By one who saw directly the Sun of 'The Truth.'

The Moon [1] declares, as also the clouds and shadows,

I am a man, yet it hath been revealed to me.[2]

Like you, I was naturally dark, 'Twas the Sun's revelation that gave me such light.

I still am dark compared to the Sun,

Though I am light compared to the dark souls of men.

Therefore is my light weak, that you may bear it,

For you are not strong enough to bear the dazzling Sun.

I have, as it were, mixed honey with vinegar,

To succour the sickness of your hearts.

When you are cured of your sickness, O invalid,

Then leave out the vinegar and eat pure honey.

When the heart is garnished and swept clear of lust,

Therein 'The God of Mercy sitteth on His throne.' [3]

Then God rules the heart immediately,

When it has gained this inmediate connection with Him.

This subject is endless; but where is Zaid,

That I may tell him again not to seek notoriety?

"Tis not wise to publish these mysteries,

Since the last day is approaching to reveal all things."

Now you will not find Zaid, for he is fled, He sprang from the place where the shoes were left, [4]

Scattering the shoes in his hurry.

If you had been Zaid, you too would have been lost,

As a star is lost when the sun shines on it;

For then you see no trace or sign of it,

No place or track of it in the milky way.

Our senses and our endless discourses

Are annihilated in the light of the knowledge of our King.

Our senses and our reason within us I.e., the Prophet. 2 Koran xviii, 110. 55 & Koran xx. 4.. I.., the vestibule of the house.

title: Page:Masnavi I Ma'navi.pdf/103


text:
Page:Masnavi I Ma'navi.pdf/104

56 THE MASNAVI. [BOOK I. Are as waves on waves "assembled before us."[1]

When night returns and 'tis the time of the sky's levée,

The stars that were hidden come forth to their work.

The people of the world lie unconscious,

With veils drawn over their faces, and asleep;

But when the morn shall burst forth and the sun arise

Every creature will raise its head from its couch;

To the unconscious God will restore consciousness;

They will stand in rings as slaves with rings in ears;

Dancing and clapping hands with songs of praise,

Singing with joy, "Our Lord hath restored us to life!"

Shedding their old skins and bones,

As horsemen stirring up a cloud of dust.

All pressing on from Not-being to Being,

On the last day, as well the thankful as the unthankful.

STORY XVI. 'Ali's Forbearunce (p. 92).

'Ali, the "Lion of God," was once engaged in conflict with a Magian chief, and in the midst of the struggle the Magian spat in his face. 'Ali, instead of taking vengeance on him, at once dropped his sword, to the Magian's great astonishment. On his inquiring the reason of such for- bearance, 'Ali informed him that the "Lion of God" did not destroy life for the satisfaction of his own vengeance, but simply to carry out God's will, and that whenever he saw just cause, he held his hand even in the midst of the strife, and spared the foe. The Prophet, 'Ali continued, had long since informed him that he would die by the hand of his own stirrup-bearer (Ibn Maljun), and the stirrup-bearer had frequently implored 'Ali to kill him, and thus save him from the commission of that great crime; but 'Ali said he always refused to do so, as to him death was as sweet as life, and he felt no anger against his destined assassin, who was only the instrument of God's Koran xxxvi. 53.

title: Page:Masnavi I Ma'navi.pdf/104


text:
Page:Kansas A Cyclopedia of State History vol 1.djvu/63

 The Iola battalion was formed in 1861; three companies, commanded by Capts. Colman, Flesher, and Killen served in the Ninth Kansas, and two companies, commanded by Capts. W. C. Jones and N. B. Blanston, served in the Tenth Kansas volunteer infantry. As the county was located so near the border of the state there was danger of invasion from Missouri guerrillas and hostile Indians from the Indian Territory. While the Allen county soldiers were with Gen. Lane, a raid was made on the unprotected settlers of Humboldt, Sept. 8, 1861, by a band of Missouri guerrillas, Cherokee and Osage half-breed Indians. On Oct. 14, 1861, the town was captured and set on fire by Confederate cavalry. The Confederate officers claimed that this was done in retaliation for the burning of Osceola by Gen. Lane. The land office had just been opened before this and J. C. Burnett, the register, managed to have his sister save $25,000 in land warrants, that were in the office at the time. After the burning of Humboldt a military post was established there, but no actions took place until the Price raid in 1864. The militia of the county was organized into a battalion, known as the Allen county battalion, and was composed of six companies, three from Iola and the northern part of the county, two from Humboldt and one from the extreme southern part of the county. This organization comprised all the able bodied men in the county between the ages of 16 and 60 years.

The first railroads in Allen county were built in 1870, the Missouri, Kansas & Texas being completed across the southwestern part of the county in the spring, and the Leavenworth, Lawrence & Galveston in the fall of the same year. Bonds were voted by the county to aid in the construction of the railroads. In 1880, bonds having been voted by different townships along the line, the Fort Scott & Wichita railroad was built across the county east and west, through Iola. There are now 96 miles of main line railroads in the county: The Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe running almost directly north and south in the western part of the county, and a branch southwest from Colony, Anderson county, across the extreme northwest corner. The Missouri, Kansas & Texas crosses the eastern part, almost directly north and south, with a branch north from Moran and another running west with its terminus at Iola. Another line of the Missouri, Kansas & Texas enters the county near the center on the west and crosses the southwest corner, while the Missouri Pacific crosses from east to west somewhat north of the center, through Iola.

The first church in the county was that of the United Brethren, begun in 1859 and completed the following year. For some years this church was used as a union church by all denominations and also as a school house. The Humboldt Herald was the first paper established. It was started Nov. 16, 1864, by Maj. Joseph Bond and two years later the Humboldt Union was established with Orin Thurston as editor.

In Nov., 1871, a tax was voted for the establishment of a county poor farm. Settlement of the county was somewhat retarded for some years by the contention between the settlers on the one hand and the Kansas City, Lawrence & Southern Kansas railroad company over the title to


text:
Page:Kansas A Cyclopedia of State History vol 1.djvu/64

 certain lands. The case was finally settled by Judge David Brewer of the United States circuit court on Sept. 3, 1885, in favor of the settlers. His decision threw open to settlement some 27,000 acres and immediately there was an influx of immigrants.

The general surface of the county is level, the soil is fertile and highly productive. The valleys average a mile and a half in width and the timber belts about a mile. The principal varieties of trees native to the county are black walnut, hickory, cottonwood, oak, hackberry and elm. The main water course is the Neosho river, which flows through the western part of the county from north to south. Its tributaries are Indian, Martin's, Deer, Elm, and other small creeks. The Little Osage flows through the northeast and the Marmaton river through the southeastern part of the county.

The chief agricultural products are corn, wheat, oats, Kafir corn and potatoes, and the county is one of the leaders in the production of flax and broom corn. Live stock raising is an important industry, and many fine orchards afford good profits to their owners.

Natural gas is the most important mineral resource. There are several large wells, but the field is particularly well developed near Iola in the west and La Harpe in the north central part, and valuable oil wells exist near Humboldt. There are vast quantities of raw material for Portland cement, which is manufactured and sent to all parts of the United States. An almost inexhaustable supply of shale has been found for making high grade brick and tile, which are manufactured and shipped out of the state. A good quality of limestone is also found. The county is divided into the following townships: Carlyle, Cottage Grove, Deer Creek, Elm, Elsmore, Geneva, Humboldt, Iola, Logan, Marmaton, Osage and Salem.

According to the U. S. census for 1910 the population of the county was 27,640, a gain of 8,133 during the preceding decade. The report of the State Board of Agriculture for the same year gives the total value of farm products as $1,362,654.60, corn leading with 1,123,290 bushels, valued at $550,412.10.

 Allendale, a little hamlet of Allen county, is situated about 5 or 6 miles northeast of Iola, the county seat, from which place it receives mail by rural delivery. It is about equally distant from Carlyle on the Santa Fe and La Harpe on the Missouri, Kansas & Texas railroads, which places are the nearest railway stations.

Allis, Samuel, Jr., an early missionary to the Indians west of the Missouri river, was born at Conway, Franklin county, Mass., Sept. 28, 1805. He learned the trade of harness maker and worked at various places in his early manhood, finally reaching Ithaca, N. Y., where he united with the Presbyterian church, though his parents were Congregationalists. In the spring of 1834 he left Ithaca in company with Rev. John Dunbar (q. v.) as a missionary to the Nez Perces. Upon arriving at St. Louis he found that the company of traders with which he had intended to journey to the Indian country had already left that city.


text:
Page:Kansas A Cyclopedia of State History vol 1.djvu/65

 Not caring to undertake the trip alone, he spent some time at Fort Leavenworth, and then accompanied Mr. Dunbar to the agency of the Omahas, Otoes and Pawnees at Bellevue, Neb. Soon after arriving there Mr. Dunbar went as a missionary to the Grand Pawnees and Mr. Allis to the Pawnee Loups, with whom he remained until 1846. Among his other labors was the establishment of the Pawnee school at Council Point on the Platte river. For several years he was the interpreter for the United States in the negotiation of treaties and in this capacity aided in the acquisition of the Indian lands in Nebraska and Kansas. In 1851 he went to St. Mary's, Iowa, where he lived on a farm for two years. He then returned to Nebraska and there passed the remainder of his life. As a member of the Nebraska Historical Society he made valuable contributions to the Indian history of that state and Kansas.

 Allison, a village of Decatur county, is located in the township of the same name, on the north fork of the Solomon river, about 25 miles southeast of Oberlin, the county seat, and 8 miles from Dresden, which is the nearest railroad station. It has a money order postoffice, some local trade, and in 1910 reported a population of 25.

Alma, the judicial seat and principal city of Wabaunsee county, is located a little northwest of the center of the county on Mill creek and the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific R. R., and is the terminus of a division of the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe R. R. which connects with the main line at Burlingame. The first house in Alma was built in the fall of 1867 and the following December the town was made the county seat. In 1868 a hotel and school house were erected, and after the advent of the railroads the growth was more rapid. Mill creek furnishes water power for operating a flour mill and some other concerns. Being located in the heart of a rich agricultural and stock raising region. Alma is a shipping point of considerable importance. It has a bank with a paid up capital of $50,000, an international money order postoffice with four rural delivery routes emanating from it, excellent express, telegraph and telephone facilities, an electric lighting plant, two weekly newspapers—the Enterprise and the Signal—and a monthly publication called the Emblem, devoted to the interests of a fraternal organization. The city has a modern high school building, erected at a cost of $16,000, and both the Lutherans and Catholics have parochial schools. The mercantile establishments of Alma rank favorably with those in other cities of its size. Good building and cement stone are found in the vicinity. The altitude of Alma is 1,055 feet. In 1910 the population was 1,010.

Almena, an incorporated town of Norton county, is located on Prairie Dog creek in the northeastern portion, at the junction of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy and the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific railroads, 12 miles east of Norton, the county seat. It has a bank, a weekly newspaper, an opera house, good hotels, large grain elevators, an international money order postoffice with three rural routes, and in 1910 had a population of 702. Being located in the midst of a fine agricultural country, Almena ships large quantities of grain and live stock, and its


text:
Page:The Music of the Spheres.djvu/179

 From December on into early spring, the Dog Star is the cynosure of every eye. Night after night, through the winter evenings, it flashes in the sky a little farther west; finally it gleams in the western sky at sunset, jewels the rim of the horizon, and disappears.

title: Page:The Music of the Spheres.djvu/179


text:
Page:Kansas A Cyclopedia of State History vol 1.djvu/66

 retail stores supply a considerable section of the northeastern part of the county. A fine quality of building stone is found in the immediate vicinity.

Altamont, one of the incorporated towns of Labette county, is located in Mt. Pleasant township, on the St. Louis & San Francisco R. R., 10 miles northwest of Oswego, the county seat and very near the geographical center of the county. It has banking facilities, a weekly newspaper, express and telegraph offices, and an international money order postoffice with three rural routes. The town was laid out the year the railroad was built (1879), by a company of which I. N. Hamilton was president. The first house was built by Scott Noble, in the fall of that year. A hotel was built the following summer and a general store opened by Jones, Burns & Wright. A number of business enterprises were launched in the next two years. The first church was erected in 1880. A postoffice called Elston was established in this vicinity in 1870. When Altamont was founded the name was changed. The town was incorporated in 1884 and the following officers chosen: Mayor, H. C. Blanchard; police judge, L. W. Crain; councilmen, R. B. Gregg, W. M. McCoid, D. Reid, C. S. Newlon, and A. J. Garst; city clerk, W. F. Hamman.

Alta Vista, one of the larger towns of Wabaunsee county, is situated in Garfield township, on Mill creek and the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific R. R., 15 miles southwest of Alma, the county seat. It was settled in 1887, was incorporated as a city of the third class in 1905, and in 1910 reported a population of 499. Alta Vista is one of the busy towns of Kansas. It has two banks, a weekly newspaper, a number of high class mercantile houses, a good public school system, express and telegraph offices, telephone connection, does considerable shipping, and its money order postoffice is the starting point of three rural delivery routes which supply mail to the surrounding country.

 Alton, an incorporated town of Osborne county, is located on the Solomon river in Sumner township, and is a station on the Missouri Pacific R. R. 13 miles west of Osborne, the county seat. The population in 1910 was 414. Alton has a bank, a public library, a fire department, an opera house, a weekly newspaper, express, telegraph and telephone service, and is the principal shipping point and trading center for the northwestern part of the county.

Altoona (formerly Geddesburg), one of the larger incorporated cities of Wilson county, is located on the Missouri Pacific R. R., and on the Verdigris river, 11 miles east of Fredonia, the county seat. It has two banks, a weekly newspaper, telegraph and express offices, and an international money order postoffice with three rural routes. The population in 1910 was 1,462. The town was founded in 1869 by a town company, of which Dr. T. F. C. Todd was president. No town elections were held until the town company ceased to do business. The first business enterprise was a grocery store opened in 1869 by George Shultz and John Hooper. The postoffice was established in April, 1870,


text:
User:BD2412/Hazen v. Strong

https://books.google.com/books?id=QigEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA427

2 Vt. 427

This was an action of trespass for taking the plaintiff's cow.—The defendant pleaded the general issue, and also a special plea in bar. The plea in bar set forth, that, on the first day of October, 1820, the inhabitants of North Hero, in said county, were greatly exposed to the spreading of the small pox in said town, and greatly exposed to be infected by said disease, by reason of persons passing through said town and residing in the neighborhood of said inhabitants, who were infected with said disease: and that, afterwards, on, &c. the selectmen of said town, in order to prevent the spreading of said disease in said town, procured one ''Doct. Fancher'' to inoculate the inhabitants, exposed to said disease, with the kine pox. The plea then proceeded to allege, that said Fancher did so inoculate, and thereby prevent the spreading of the small pox, &c. It also set forth the regular warning of a town meeting, at which the inhabitants of said town voted a tax for the purpose of raising money to pay the expense of such inoculation, being $74; and that such tax was put into a rate bill, and that with a regular warrant put into the defendant's hands for collection, he being constable of said town; and that he proceeded to notify the plaintiff of his tax, and demanded payment, &c. and distrained the cow in question, and sold her for the collection of such tax.

The plaintiff filed a long special replication, the amount of which was, that said tax was voted and raised for the sole purpose of paying said ''Doct. Fancher'' for said inoculation, and that the defendant was present at the meeting, and assisted and consented to the voting and assessing said tax. The defendant rejoined that there was upon the rate bill a certificate signed by the selectmen, that the same was a true tax, agreeably to the vote of the town, & c., without this, that the same was raised for that purpose, and defendant present, assisting, &c. as stated in said replication, and put himself on the court for trial; and the plaintiff likewise.

The court found the facts specially, that the tax was voted for the sole purpose of paying said Dr. Fancher, for inoculating said inhabitants, & c., and that the defendant was present at said meeting, but did not vote for said tax. On this finding of facts both parties claimed judgement: and the county court rendered judgement upon the whole record for the plaintiff to recover $5 damages and his cost. The defendant excepted to this decision, and the action came up to the Supreme Court for their revision.

Charles Adams, for the defendant.--It is contended, that the plea is sufficient,--1. because the tax was legally assessed,--and 2. if not legally assessed, the constable was justified by his warrant.

1. The legality of the tax involves the authority of towns to vote it. And, on this point, we contend, that, by a fair construction of the several statutes, this power is granted. Towns have power to assess taxes for the maintenance of the poor, (p. 413)--for laying out and repairing highways, and for all other necessary and incidental charges. It is made their duty to provide books (p. 415)--to erect guide boards and sign posts, (p. 417.) They may erect powder houses, provide ammunition, build town houses. They are also commanded to provide pest-houses, to remove persons infected, and to take the most effectual measures to prevent the spreading of the disease, (p. 493.) The authority is not limited to those cases particularly enumerated in the statute, but extends to all cases where the necessity in fact exists. There may be many other cases, beside those specified, where an equal necessity arises, and in these, towns must have the same power. The only difference is this: in the one case the legislature have declared them to be necessary; in the other, the necessity must be submitted to a judicial tribunal. This tax was authorized, not only as being for an object of the highest necessity, but as coming within the spirit of the authority granted them to prevent the spreading of the small pox. It is further contended, that towns have the power of laying taxes independent of any legislative authority. This results from the fact that they are corporations, and may do all such acts as are necessary to secure their existence. In the case of Worcester v. Eaton, (13 Mass. 371) it was decided, that towns might take a deed of land. If so, they may vote a tax to pay for it. --They may also improve it, and would be bound to pay the expenses. It also results from the fact, that towns are the legitimate sources of all power. The people in their primary assemblies ordain the constitution, and create the legislature; and hence it follows, that they may do what they please, unless limited by some general act, to which their assent may be supposed to be given.

But, if the tax was illegal, the constable was justified by his warrant. In the case of the sheriff or collector of state taxes, it will be conceded, they are justified by a warrant, legal on the face of it; and, unless there is something to distinguish the case of a constable, he must be equally shielded. There is the same necessity. If any suit could be sustained, it must be against the selectmen, and not against the constable. This is the uniform course in Massachusetts. Bangs v. Snow, 1 Mass. 187.--Dillingham v. Snow, 5 Mass. 558.--Stetson v. Kempton, 13 Mass. 272.--And, in the last case, the court say that the constable is not accountable, as he acts in obedience to his warrant, (p. 283.)

Smalley & Adams, for the plaintiff.--The 14th section of the act relating to town meetings, & c., authorizes towns to grant and vote such sum or sums of money, as they shall judge necessary for the maintenance of the poor, for laying out and repairing highways, and for building and repairing bridges, and for all other necessary and incidental charges, within said town. This statute cannot authorize the tax in question, on any construction, unless it be given by the generality of the terms, " for all other necessary and incidental charges." By the terms " necessary and incidental charges," must be understood such charges, and such alone, as the town is legally liable to pay; and, if the town were not legally bound to employ and pay some person for inoculating the inhabitants with the kine pox, the town had no authority to vote the tax.--Bangs v. Snow et al. 1 Mass. 181 to 189.--Stetson v. Kempton et al. 13 Mass. 272.--The question, what are, and what are not, necessary and incidental charges, must depend entirely on the legal duties and liabilities of the town. Any other construction would put it in the power of the majority to dispose of the property of the minority at their own pleasure. If towns are to determine what is necessary, and, on this determination, assess a tax for any or every purpose, they might have an agrarian law, and an equal distribution of effects at their pleasure: for, they have only to judge such distribution necessary, and assess a tax sufficient to put all the property of the town in the market, and have the proceeds paid into the town treasury, and the funds thus raised will be at their disposal. Such a construction cannot be sustained, either on principle or authority. The town can have no authority to assess any tax, unless it is for the purpose of discharging some duty or obligation, imposed upon them by law. And this position is sustained by the reasoning in analogous cases.

Was there any legal obligation on the town to employ any person, at this time, to inoculate the inhabitants with the kine pox? It may be said that the statute relating to the small pox, (p. 493, s. 1.) authorizes the selectmen to take the most prudent measures to prevent the spreading of the small pox. But this authority, it will be noticed, is given only in cases where there is some person in town actually infected with the disease; which is not pretended in this case. But, if it was, that statute would not authorize the selectmen to employ physicians at the expense of the town, unless the persons, for whose benefit they were employed, were unable to pay. In no point of view in which it can be presented, can it be said that the town were under obligation to employ any person to inoculate the inhabitants with the kine pox. If they were not, they had no legal authority to vote the tax. If the town had no authority to assess the tax, is the collector justified by his rate-bill and warrant? It has been expressly adjudged that he was not. In Bates vs. Chipman and Hazeltine, 1 Vt. Rep. 81, this question was so fully and ably discussed in the case alluded to, that we will not spend any time upon it, but merely refer the Court to the Marshalsea case, Coke Abr. 300.-Hayden vs. Noyes, 5 Con. Rep., 391.—Suydam and Wickoff vs. Keyes, 13 John. Rep. 444.-Wilcox vs. Sherwin, D. Chip. Rep., 82.—Perkins vs. Proctor, 2 Wills. Rep., 384.-Smith vs. Boucher, 2 Strange's Rep.,993.—Grumon vs. Raymond, 1 Con. Rep.,40. -3 Cranch, 336.-5 Wheat., 1.-4 Cranch, 241.--1 Con. Rep. 449.-9 Mass. Rep., 543.-1 P. W. Rep. 41.-Id. 766. -11 Mass. Rep., 511.-1 Johns. Rep., 472.-2 Aik. Rep., 394.

HUTCHINSON, J. after, stating the case, pronounced the opinion of the Court.

Several points have been urged in argument, the most of them, however, depend chiefly upon the view the Court may entertain upon the main subject of the controversy.

The parties having agreed upon joining an issue of fact to the court, the facts found by the court, and appearing of record, are to be treated as if found by the jury in an issue tried by them. Both parties claiming judgment upon this finding, it is necessary to ascertain the importance of the facts found, in connection with those acknowledged by the pleadings.

The plaintiff, in his replication, assumes the position, that the town could not legally raise a tax for the object specified in the defendant's plea, and makes those averments of the defendant's knowledge and participation in the object, and assessment of the tax, which the plaintiff intends shall render his rate-bill and warrant no justification.

The rejoinder, instead of demurring, affirms a new fact about the certificate upon his rate-bill, signed by the selectmen, and traverses those facts relied upon in the replication, intending, no doubt, to maintain, as is attempted in argument, the position that the rate-bill and warrant were a good protection to the defendant who acted under the same, whether the tax were legal or not. The court found for the plaintiff the facts, that the tax was raised to pay the expense of inoculating for the kine pox, and that the defendant was present at the meeting; and found for the defendant the fact, that the defendant did not vote for said tax. This is going off in a tangent from the main point in controversy, which rests on that part of the plea not answered by the replication.

The principal point in the case is, have the town a right in just such a case as is set forth in the defendant's plea, to raise a tax by vote, as they have attempted to do? The plaintiff objects that the selectmen have a right to take measures to prevent the spreading of the small pox, only when it is actually among the inhabitants: also, that the town can legally be put to no expense, but for those who are unable to pay for themselves.

While there devolves upon the selectmen a care of the prudential affairs of the town, and their proceedings frequently, and almost uniformly, are attended with expense to the town, which must be collected of the inhabitants in the form of taxes; while so many cases arise, requiring nice distinctions to be observed, in these duties of the selectmen, as also in the cases of necessary and incidental charges, where the towns act in public meetings, we should not be inclined to decide against such a tax, and especially, against a collector collecting such a tax, but in a clear case.

When the legislature made it the duty of the selectmen in each town, in which there should be any person infected with the small pox, to take the most prudent measures to prevent the spreading of the disease, they may not have thought of the particular measure of inoculating for the kindkine [sic] pox. They may not have known that to be a prudent or efficacious measure. But whenever it is found to be evidently such, the provisions of the statute are broad enough to include it. These prudent measures to prevent the spread of the disease, are to be taken at the expense of the town, and not of individuals. There may be trouble and expense to individuals, but the selectmen cannot compel them to pay any expense of their proceedings. These must be paid by the town. Now, experience fully evinces the eminent utility of the kine pox in saving expense, as well as placing a safeguard around each individual, to protect life and health, while all attend to their usual vocations, instead of being confined with a loathsome disease, or becoming nurses to those who are thus confined. We are, therefore, disposed to support the selectmen, and the town, in this measure to prevent the spreading of the disease, when circumstances render any measures necessary.

But, it is said in argument, that there is no pretence that any person in North Hero was infected with the small pox, when Doct. Fancher was employed to inoculate for the kine pox.Upon this point, the statute must receive such a construction, if such it will bear, as will best remedy the evil provided against.— Should it be confined to the letter, in every possible case, there would be some instances in which it would be no seasonable remedy. The only person known to be infected in town may have. got out of town before the selectmen had convened to adopt any measures for prevention. The result may be that very many, or that none at all, took the infection before the infected person got out of town. In such a case, it would not do to let the legality of a tax, to defray the expense of preventive measures, depend upon this uncertain result; for preventive measures ought to be adopted while it must be uncertain, whether any of the persons exposed GRAND-ISLI, took the disease. So, an infected person may be lodged in another township. The disorder proves to be the small pox. Persons in this town may be exposed as badly as if the infected person were in the same town with them. In such a case the selectmen should fear the danger and adopt measures to prevent the spread of the disease.

While the statute is particular in many of its provisions, this provision is more general. The expression is," and in all such cases it shall be the duty of the selectmen, as aforesaid, to take the most prudent measures," &c.

This must mean all such cases as are attended with actual danger from a person actually infected among them, or so near them as not to be without danger. The allegations in this plea in bar are in substance, " that the inhabitants of said North Hero were (on said day) greatly exposed to the spreading of the small pox in said town, and greatly exposed to be infected by said disease, by reason of persons passing through said town, and residing in the neighborhood of said inhabitants, who were infected with said disease." Should we consider the word inhabitants, which next precedes the relative, who, to be its antecedent, in grammatical construction, it would make a direct averment, that the exposedness to the disease was from inhabitants who were infected with it. If we go further back, and take the word persons for the antecedent to the relative, the sense will be, that persons, who are infected, were passing through said town and residing in the neighborhood of its inhabitants, by which they were exposed to the disease.

This must not be construed as of a possible state of things at some future time, but as describing the actual state of things at that time. If, then, the inhabitants of said town were then exposed to the infection, by reason that some of said inhabitants were infected, or, that persons infected were passing through said town, or, were residing in the neighborhood of the inhabitants of said town, in either case it becomes the duty of the selectmen to take the most prudent measures to prevent the spreading of the disease.

The plaintiff's counsel have relied upon a decision of this Court in his favor, made in this action several years since. There was such a decision reversing the judgement of the county court. That set the case open for another trial; and leave was given to alter the pleadings; and they are so altered as to make a new case not to be governed by the former decision. As we find a full defence in that part of the defendant's plea, which is not answered by the replication, the facts brought upon the record by the replication of the plaintiff and finding of the court, are unimportant to a decision. The Court are at liberty to render judgement upon the whole record, and finding a good defence in the plea, which has received no answer in the replication, the judgement of the county court must be reversed, and judgement rendered for the defendant to recover his cost.

Strong.

Judgement reversed.

Smalley & Adams, for plaintiff. Charles Adams, for defendant.

title: User:BD2412/Hazen v. Strong


text:
Page:Kansas A Cyclopedia of State History vol 1.djvu/67

 and J. N. D. Brown appointed postmaster. The Altoona Union, the second paper published in the county, was founded in March, 1870, by Bowser & Brown. A school house was built the next year at a cost of $3,000. A steam saw mill and a flour mill were set up in 1871 on the Verdigris.

The growth of Altoona dates from the entrance of the railroad in 1885–6. At that time it was a town of some 300 inhabitants, and a dozen business houses. The development of the oil and gas fields in the vicinity in the '90s added greatly to the importance of the city.

Amador, a village of Clifford township, Butler county, is located on a branch of the Whitewater river, about 16 miles northwest of Eldorado, the county seat. Mail is received by the people of Amador from Burns, Marion county, by rural free delivery.

America City, a hamlet of Nemaha county, is located in Red Vermillion township on the Red Vermillion river, 20 miles south of Seneca, the county seat, and 6 miles from Havensville, from which place it receives daily mail. An act incorporating this little town was approved by the territorial legislature on Feb. 14, 1867. The corporate limits included 380 acres of land. A store was opened in 1861 and a Methodist church built. In 1910 it reported a population of 30.

 American Settlement Company.—This company, which was organized in Sept., 1854, had its headquarters at No. 226 Broadway, N. Y. The officers were: Theodore Dwight, president; J. E. Snodgrass, vicepresident; G. M. Tracey, secretary; D. C. Van Norman, treasurer; George Walter, general superintendent. The preamble to the constitution of the company set forth that “The subscribers hereto, being desirous to form a company for the purpose of settling a tract of land in the Territory of Kansas, in order to assist in making it a free state, and to found thereon a city, with a municipal government, and the civil, literary, social, moral and religious privileges of the free states, for the equal benefit of the members, have associated and formed, and do hereby associate and form themselves into a joint stock company, under the name of ‘American Settlement Company,’ and have adopted the following articles for the government of said company,” etc.

Article I provided for a capital stock, to be divided into shares equal to the number of lots in the proposed city, the price of which was at first fixed at $5 a share, subject to an advance when so ordered by the board of directors, and no one was to be allowed to purchase more than six shares.

Article II vested the management in a board of directors, a majority of whom should be residents of New York City. This board was to be self-perpetuating, being given power to fill vacancies, etc.

Article III provided that members of the company and colonists should be persons of good moral character, the aim being to establish a community with a high ideal of citizenship.

Articles IV to XI defined the duties of the officers and dwelt principally with the routine matters pertaining to such associations.


text:
Page:Kansas A Cyclopedia of State History vol 1.djvu/68

 Article XII provided that the money received from the sale of shares should be used to secure a tract of land two miles square, on or near the Santa Fe trail, and to defray the expenses of surveying and laying out a municipality to be known as “Council City.”

Article XIV stipulated that one lot out of every fifty should be given for school purposes, and the management should have the power to donate other lots for the establishment of institutions “appropriate to an orderly, virtuous, temperate and refined American community.”

Immediately after the organization was perfected a committee of seven men—citizens of New York, Pennsylvania and Ohio—visited Kansas to select a site for “Council City,” and after exploring the territory for several weeks decided upon a tract between Dragoon and Switzler creeks, in what is now Osage county, a short distance south of the present city of Burlingame. About the same time a circular was issued by the company, stating that the object was “to found in Kansas a large and flourishing city, one that would claim the attention and patronage of all interested in the growth and prosperity of that territory.”

Council City was laid out with streets 75 feet wide and avenues 150 in width. The lots were 75 by 150 feet, and there were several tracts ranging from 10 to 50 acres each reserved for parks. A small party of settlers arrived late in Oct., 1854, and a few of the more energetic set to work to make Council City a reality, but the majority were disappointed by the prospect. Other settlers came in the spring of 1855, but the metropolis never met the expectations of its projectors, and after a precarious existence of a few months it disappeared from the map.

 Americus, an incorporated city of the third class in Lyon county, is a station on the Missouri, Kansas & Texas R. R., 9 miles northwest of Emporia, the county seat. It has a bank, a weekly newspaper, churches of various denominations, good public schools, etc. Its location in the rich valley of the Neosho river gives it a good local trade and makes it an important shipping point. The population in 1910 was 451. Two delivery routes emanates from its money order postoffice and supply mail to the surrounding rural districts, and the town is provided with express and telegraph offices and has telephone connection with Emporia and other cities.

Ames, a village of Shirley township, Cloud county, is a station on the Missouri Pacific R. R. 12 miles east of Concordia, the county seat. It has a money order postoffice with one rural delivery route, express and telegraph service, some good mercantile houses, and in 1910 reported a population of 120.

Amiot, a village of Reeder township, Anderson county, is a station on the Missouri Pacific R. R., 16 miles northwest of Garnett, the county seat, and not far from the Coffey county line. The population in 1910 was 40. Amiot has a money order postoffice, and is a trading and shipping point for that section of the county.


text: Page:The Reshaping of British Railways (Beeching Report).pdf/4


text:
Page:Kansas A Cyclopedia of State History vol 1.djvu/69

 Amy, a money order postoffice of Lane county, is located in Blaine township, on the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe R. R., 7 miles west of Dighton, the county seat, with which it is connected by telephone.

Ananias Club.—According to an early letter head of the club, the St. Ananias club of Topeka was instituted July 4, 1876. It was organized in the year 1874, by a number of the “good fellows” of the capital city for social purposes, and was incorporated in 1886. The club had four tenets: Honesty, sobriety, chastity and veracity. The motto of the club was “Unadulterated truth.” St. Ananias was the patron saint. At the time of organization it had 29 members. Following are the original members and the official titles which they bore: Samuel A. Kingman, perpetual president; Sam Radges, secretary, phenomenal prevaricator; Floyd P. Baker, distinguished dissimulator; C. N. Beal, efficacious equivicator; A. Bergen, libelous linguist; J. C. Caldwell, eminent expander; George W. Crane, egregious exaggerator; Hiram P. Dillon, felicitous fabricator; Charles M. Foulkes, fearful fictionist; Norris L. Gage, quaint quibbler; N. S. Goss, oleaginous falsifier; Cyrus K. Holliday, illustrious illusionist; J. B. Johnson, truth torturer; Henry Keeler, laconic liar; John T. Morton, nimble narrator; D. A. Moulton, financial fabricator; Thomas A. Osborn, pungent punster; H. A. Pierce, diabolical dissembler; George R. Peck, sapient sophist; T. P. Rodgers, immaculate inventor; Byron Roberts, vivid variationist; H. K. Rowley, mephistophelian munchausenist; Dr. Silas E. Sheldon, esculapian equivicator; Henry Strong, racy romancer; William C. Webb, august amplifier; Daniel W. Wilder, hypothetical hyperbolisy; Archibald L. Williams, paraphrastic paralogist.

From the time of its organization until its dissolution the club had a membership of 82, which included many distinguished Kansans, of whom in the year 1911 not more than twelve or fifteen were living. It has been said that during the existence of the club its doors were never closed and that at almost any hour of the day or evening a whist game could be found in progress.

The club had but one president and one secretary, and after the death of President Kingman, on Sept. 9, 1904, the organization closed its doors, the records and portraits being turned over to the Kansas State Historical Society. Among the effects was an excellent, life-like portrait in oil, of St. Ananias, with halo over the head, a lyre clasped in his hands, his lips open as if about to sing, and the whole partially surrounded with a border of cherry sprigs showing the ruddy fruit, and each spray garnished with a small hatchet.

 Andale, an incorporated town of Sedgwick county, is a station on the Missouri Pacific R. R., in Sherman township, 19 miles northwest of Wichita. Andale has a bank, a money order postoffice with one free delivery route which supplies mail to the inhabitants of that section of the county, a Catholic church and school, some good mercantile establishments, express and telegraph facilities, and does considerable shipping of grain and other farm products. The population in 1910 was 237.


text:
Page:Kansas A Cyclopedia of State History vol 1.djvu/70

 Anderson, a little hamlet of Smith county, is located near the head of White Rock creek, about 9 miles northeast of Smith Center, the county seat, from which place mail is received by rural free delivery.

Anderson County was named for Joseph C. Anderson, a member of the first territorial legislature, which erected and organized the county in 1855. It is located in the southeastern part of the state in the second tier of counties west of Missouri, about 50 miles south of the Kansas river and 70 miles north of the southern boundary of the state. It is 24 miles square and has an area of 576 square miles. On the north it is bounded by Franklin county, on the east of Linn, on the south by Allen and on the west by Coffey.

When the first white settlers came to what is now Anderson county in the spring of 1854 they found some of the fields which the Indians had cultivated. They were Valentine Gerth and Francis Meyer, who came from Missouri and settled on the Pottawatomie near the present site of Greeley. These men were without families but planted and cultivated the old Indian fields the first summer. Henry Harmon came with his family and settled near the junction of the branches of the Pottawatomie. During the summer and fall more settlers came, among whom were Henderson Rice, W. D. West, Thomas Totton, Anderson Cassel, J. S. Waitman and Dr. Rufus Gilpatrick. In the winter of 1854–55 quite a number of Germans came to the county and settled along the south branch of the Pottawatomie above Greeley, where they built several cabins and selected valuable timber claims. In the spring of 1855 they returned to St. Louis and on account of the territorial troubles never came back. Their claims were soon taken up by other settlers.

When Gov. Reeder, on Nov. 8, 1854, issued a proclamation ordering an election for the 29th, the region now embraced in Anderson county was made a part of the Fifth district. The election was ordered to be held at the house of Henry Sherman near the place called Dutch Henry's crossing on the Pottawatomie. At the election for members of the first territorial legislature, A. M. Coffey and David Lykins were elected to the council and Allen Wilkerson and H. W. Yonger representatives. Of the resident voters, about 50 in number and practically all free-state men, only a few voted, but the Missourians came over and cast about 200 pro-slavery votes. At the election for a delegate to Congress in Oct., 1855, George Wilson was the only person voting in the district. Samuel Mack, one of the judges, refused to vote regarding the election as a farce, most of the voters being residents of Missouri who came over on horseback and in wagons, well supplied with whiskey and guns. (See Reeder's Administration.) Because of the outrages committed upon the free-state settlers, a military organization, made up of Franklin and Anderson county men and called the Pottawatomie Rifles, was formed in the fall of 1855. Among the members were Dr. Rufus Gilpatrick, M. Kilbourn, W. Ayers, H. H. Williams, August Bondi, Samuel Mack, James Townsley and Jacob Benjamin from Anderson county.

The legislature having defined the bounds of the county, then provided


text:
Page:Kansas A Cyclopedia of State History vol 1.djvu/71

 for its organization and the election of county officers. In joint session the legislature elected George Wilson probate judge and commissioned him on Aug. 27, 1855, for a term of two years. He was the first commissioned officer and immediately after qualifying set out for the county. On Sept. 10, he arrived at Henry Sherman's house, where he remained until the 15th, when he went to the house of Francis Meyer near the present site of the town of Greeley. Judge Wilson had designated Meyer's house as the temporary seat of justice and notified William R. True and John C. Clark, who had been appointed county commissioners and A. V. Cummings, who had been appointed sheriff, to meet him there on the 15th to complete the county organization. But all three refused to accept the appointment, although Judge Wilson attempted several times to make them qualify. Cummings was a resident of Bourbon county. Wilson at last appealed to the governor for assistance to organize the county and Acting Gov. Shannon commissioned Francis Meyer and F. P. Brown commissioners and Henderson Rice sheriff, but Brown and Rice would not accept the commissions. The probate judge and Francis Meyer organized the countv on Jan. 7, 1856. Five days later the second session of the probate judge and commissioners' court was held at Meyer's house and David McCammon was appointed sheriff. He gave bond and qualified on Jan. 18, on which date the court held its third session and J. S. Waitman was appointed commissioner. This was the first time that a full board of commissioners had existed. At this time C. H. Price was appointed justice of the peace for the county and commissioned by Judge Wilson. Price qualified on March 5, 1856, and the same day was appointed treasurer of the county. On Feb. 4, 1856, Thomas Totton was appointed clerk of the county, and on March 9 a petition for the location of a road from Henry Sherman's house to Cofachique, the county seat of Allen county, was considered. David McCammon, James Townsley and Samuel Mack were appointed commissioners to open the road, which was to be 70 feet wide. This was the first road in the county.

On Feb. 18, 1856, a petition was presented to the commissioners, signed by A. McConnell and fifteen others, requesting a permanent location of the county seat, and David McCammon, James Townsley and Thomas Totton were appointed to select the site, provided it should be located within three miles of the geographical center of the county. The commissioners selected a place and called it Shannon, where the county business was transacted until April 5, 1859. The first term of the district court was held on the fourth Monday in April, 1856; Sterling Cato, one of the territorial judges presiding. It convened at the house of Francis Meyer and was in session an entire week but the records of the proceedings have disappeared.

At the election of delegates to the Topeka constitutional convention, 49 votes were polled at the Pottawatomie precinct, by free-state voters and at the election for the adoption or rejection 14 persons from Anderson county voted.


text:
Page:Kansas A Cyclopedia of State History vol 1.djvu/72

 During the summer and fall of 1856 Anderson county was overrun by bands of lawless pro-slavery men, known as “Border Ruffians.” The officers of Anderson county had been chosen because of their loyalty to the slave power, and when the difficulties culminated in 1856 they took an active part with the pro-slavery men. The free-state men refused to countenance such conduct on the part of the officers and late in the spring Francis Meyer, John S. Waitman, David McCammon and George Wilson having been concerned in several pro-slavery atrocities, were forced to flee from the county. There was continued trouble along Pottawatomie creek until the government ordered United States troops to the neighborhood. They camped for several weeks a short distance from the present site of Greeley, but were commanded by pro-slavery officers and really afforded little protection to the free-state settlers. The Pottawatomie Rifles drilled at the farm of W. L. Frankenburger and participated in many of the expeditions of 1856–7. During the fall of 1856 pro-slavery invasions became so frequent that it was unsafe for the settlers to remain at home over night with their families, and for several months they would collect at Frankenburger's claim on the Pottawatomie, the women and children taking shelter in the cabin, while the men remained on guard. Anderson county men, commanded by Dr. Rufus Gilpatrick, took part in the battle of Osawatomie under John Brown. When Gov. Woodson declared the territory in a state of insurrection and rebellion and called out the militia, several settlers left Anderson county never to return.

About this time a party of some 200 hundred Missourians camped on Middle creek, at Battle Mound, waiting for reinforcements preparatory to a general movement against the free-state settlements along the Pottawatomie, and many outrages were committed in Anderson, Linn and Franklin counties. Among these was the capture of George Partridge, Aug. 27, 1856, and on the same day the burning of the houses of Kilbourne and Cochrane near Greeley. Dr. Gilpatrick, while making calls, discovered the pro-slavery camp and at once gave warning. The Pottawatomie Rifles, under command of Dr. Gilpatrick, made an attack early in the morning of Aug. 28, which was a complete surprise, the pro-slavery men retreating in great confusion to Missouri. Another detachment of pro-slavery men robbed Zach Schutte and attempted other atrocities, but upon hearing of the capture of the camp also hastily fled into Missouri.

The survey of the public lands in Anderson county began in the fall of 1855 and closed in the spring of 1856. Some of the first settlers who came to the county were of the class who made a living speculating in government land claims. They selected the finest timber and valley lands along the streams, and after actually settling, would stake out other claims under ficticious names, and then offer to sell the ficticious claims to new arrivals. The buyer of such claims would often go back East after his family and upon his return find his cabin occupied, the claim having been sold a second time by the speculator. These claims


text:
Page:Kansas A Cyclopedia of State History vol 1.djvu/73

 caused much trouble in the United States land office, and in Nov., 1858, a free-state squatters' court was organized in Anderson, Linn and Bourbon counties for the adjustment of land claims. Dr. Rufus Gilpatrick was elected judge. The decisions of the court were generally satisfactory to the settlers, and enforced by Maj. Abbott and a minister named Stewart, known as the fighting preacher. Several town sites were laid out, but with two exceptions the towns failed to become important. Garnett and Greeley were both surveyed in 1856 and became flourishing communities. In Dec., 1856, a party of 80 men was formed in Lawrence for the purpose of settling in Anderson county. A town site was selected in the northern part of what is now Washington township, and the town named Hyatt. The founders proposed making it the county seat. A sawmill was built in the spring of 1857. In the fall a grist mill was added, and B. F. Allen opened a store. A postoffice and school were established but the county seat dream was not realized. Soon after the county seat was permanently located at Garnett Hyatt was abandoned.

The first mail route in Anderson county was established on Jan. 11, 1858, to run from Leavenworth to Humboldt in Allen county via Hyatt. The route was marked and service began in March. There was a road from Carlyle and one from Fairview to Hyatt. Zach Squires was the first mail carrier and expressman. At first the post was weekly but soon changed to a tri-weekly service. In the spring of 1859, the route was changed to run through Garnett, where a postoffice was established. In the fall of 1859 the county board received petitions for the opening of five roads, and the old maps show that they all centered at Hyatt and none at Garnett or Shannon.

On Nov. 30, 1857, the county commissioners entered into a contract for the construction of a court-house and jail at Shannon. Dr. Preston Bowen was to build it for $1,000, but at the election held Jan. 26, 1858, it was shown that a majority of the people were opposed to the erection of the buildings. The commissioners therefore resigned. On Feb. 12, 1858, the county organization was changed by an act of the legislature from a board of commissioners to a board of supervisors, and on June 14, the new board contracted with Dr. Bowen for a court-house and jail at Shannon at his own expense, to be completed within a year. The jail was completed and work begun on the court-house, when, in the spring of 1859, the seat of justice for the county was located at Garnett by an act of the legislature and the first meeting of the board of supervisors at Garnett was held on April 5, of that year.

In March, 1859, an election was held on the proposition of a state constitutional convention and of the 185 votes cast in Anderson county only 7 were against holding the convention. On the first Tuesday in June, 1859, an election was held for a delegate to the convention. Dr. James G. Blount and W. F. M. Arny were the candidates from the Anderson county district. Blount was elected and sat in the Wyandotte convention.


text:
Page:Kansas A Cyclopedia of State History vol 1.djvu/74

 Education was one of the first considerations of the early settlers. The first school district laid out was near Scipio in Putnam township, and the first superintendent of public instruction was John R. Slentz, who was appointed by the governor near the close of 1858.

The outbreak of the Civil war caused great excitement in Anderson county. At the call for volunteers an entire company enlisted in one day, and Anderson county was represented in nearly every Kansas regiment, about three-fourths of the able-bodied men entering the Union army. In 1861 the population of the county was little over 1,000.

A considerable number of the early settlers of Anderson county were Catholics, and the St. Boniface Catholic church in Putnam township was the first church building erected. It was built in 1858, and in 1871, while under the charge of Father Albert Heinemann, the parish erected a college building about 6 miles north of Garnett and called it Mount Carmel. The first Protestant church was built by the United Brethren in Garnett in 1859. The first county building erected in Garnett was the jail, which was built in 1864. Four years later the court-house was erected on Oak street. In 1891 the legislature passed an act providing for the erection of a court-house on the county square, the cost not to exceed $40,000.

A county fair was held in Anderson county as early as 1863, but the county fair association was not organized until Nov. 15, 1873. It was capitalized for $5,000. The first newspaper in the county was the Garnett Pathfinder, established by I. E. Olney in Jan., 1865. It was the only publication until 1868, when W. H. Johnson started the Garnett Courant.

The general surface of Anderson county is undulating, divided into bottom land, timber and rolling upland. The creek bottoms average about 2 miles in width, and belts of timber along the streams average three-fourths of a mile. The main water course of the county is the Pottawatomie river, which rises in the central part of the county and flows northeastward, its north and south branches uniting near the northeast corner of the county. The Little Osage river, Indian and Deer creeks flow through the southern portion. Lime and sandstone are plentiful, while red ocher is found in Reeder township. Coal has been found in several places and there are natural gas wells near Greeley. The trees native to this section are walnut, cottonwood, oak, hickory, hackberry, elm, sycamore, and hard and soft maples. Corn, wheat, oats and Kafir corn are the leading agricultural products. Live stock raising is a productive industry, and there are more than 100,000 bearing fruit trees in the county. There are 130.25 miles of main track railroad within the limits of the county. The Missouri Pacific has three lines—one crossing the county diagonally from the northwest to southeast passing through Garnett; a second enters the county in the northeast and crosses the west border near the center, and the third line crosses the southern part almost directly east and west. The Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe runs north and south near the center, and a branch diverging


text:
Page:Kansas A Cyclopedia of State History vol 1.djvu/75

 from Colony in the southwest, crosses the southwest corner. The Missouri, Kansas & Texas crosses the southeast corner.

The county is divided into the following townships: Indian creek, Jackson, Lincoln, Lone Elm, Monroe, Ozark, Putnam, Reeder, Rich, Union, Walker, Washington, Welda and Westphalia. Garnett, the county seat, is the largest town and railroad center. Other important towns and villages are Colony, Greeley, Harris, Kincaid, Lone Elm, Selma and Welda.

The U. S. census of 1910 reported the population of Anderson county at 13,829. The total value of farm products for that year was, according to the report of the state board of agriculture, $1,437,654.37. Corn led with 1,355,223 bushels, valued at $691,163.73. Next to this was the hay crop, valued at $394,779, and oats stood third in the list with 362,907 bushels, valued at $134,275.59. The wheat crop amounted to 38,187 bushels, valued at $35,339.05. Flax and Kafir corn were also important crops.

 Anderson, John Alexander, clergyman and member of Congress, was born in Washington county, Pa., June 26, 1834. He was educated at Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, graduating in 1853. Benjamin Harrison, afterwards president of the United States was his roommate while in college. He began work as pastor of a church at Stockton, Cal., in 1857, and preached the first Union sermon on the Pacific coast. He soon began to take an interest in all matters of general welfare, and as a result the state legislature of California elected him trustee of the state insane asylum in 1860. Two years later he was appointed chaplain of the Third California infantry. In this capacity he accompanied Gen. Connor's expedition to Salt Lake City. Mr. Anderson's desire to be always investigating something led to his appointment to the United States Sanitary Commission as California correspondent and agent. His first duty was to act as relief agent of the Twelfth army corps. He was next transferred to the central office at New York. In 1864, when Gen. Grant began moving toward Richmond, Mr. Anderson was made superintendent of transportation and had charge of six steamboats. At the close of the campaign he served as assistant superintendent of the canvas and supply department at Philadelphia and edited a paper called the Sanitary Commission Bulletin. When the war closed he was transferred to the history bureau of the commission at Washington, remaining there one year collecting data and writing a portion of the history of the commission. In 1866 he was appointed statistician of the Citizens' Association of Pennsylvania, an organization for the purpose of mitigating the suffering resulting from pauperism, vagrancy and crime in the large cities. In Feb., 1868, Mr. Anderson accepted a call from the Presbyterian church of Junction City, Kan., and during the years spent in this town he developed power as an orator and took an active part in politics. He was on the school board most of the time he was in Junction City. In 1870, the morning after his mother was buried out on the open prairie, where all the dead had been laid, he remarked to some of


text:
Page:Kansas A Cyclopedia of State History vol 1.djvu/76

 his friends, “This town must have a cemetery,” and as a result of his efforts beautiful Highland stands as a monument to his memory. In 1870-71, there was much interest throughout the country in narrow gauge railroads, it being argued that there was economy in them. Anderson concluded that the idea was not practicable and determined to oppose the issue of the bonds asked for in Clay county. His ideas prevailed, and the track was relaid standard gauge. In the summer of 1872 Benjamin Harrison secured him a call from a church in Indianapolis, but his wife and family persuaded him to remain in Kansas. In the fall of 1873, Mr. Anderson was elected president of the Kansas State Agricultural College, at Manhattan. A radical change of policy resulted in the institution and it is to Mr. Anderson and the men associated with him, that the state is indebted for the policy which has placed the college near the head of the list of such institutions in the United States. Mr. Anderson remained president of the college until 1878, when he was elected to Congress and served as representative from the First and Fifth districts until 1891. In March of that year he was appointed consul general to Cairo, Egypt, and sailed for his new post on April 6, but his constitution was already impaired and he was unable to stand the change of climate. The following spring he determined to return, but died on his way home at Liverpool, England, May 18, 1892. His last message was from Malta, “It is all in God's hands and He will direct.” He was laid at rest on the hill top he had chosen years before, near the town where he said the happiest days of his life had been passed, and where seven of his family are also interred. The funeral ceremonies were conducted by the faculty and students of the Agricultural College, the Grand Army of the Republic and the Masonic Fraternity.

 Anderson, William, usually referred to as “Bill” Anderson, was one of the most daring, brutal and bloodthirsty of those guerrilla captains who harassed Kansas during the early years of the Civil war. He was born in Missouri, but during his boyhood, and in fact up to the breaking out of the war in 1861, he lived with his father on the old Santa Fe trail at the crossing of Bluff creek. Shortly after the war began, Bill Anderson and his brother James, Lee Griffin and the Rice boys, all living in the same neighborhood, announced their intention of taking sides with the South. Early in June, 1862, Lee Griffin stole a horse and started for Missouri, but he was overtaken and brought before a justice of the peace named Baker at Agnes City, at the crossing of Rock creek in the northwestern part of Lyon county, where he was bound over for trial in a higher court. This so incensed Bill Anderson's father that he loaded his shot gun and started for Baker's residence to avenge the insult. But Baker, who had been warned, was on the look-out and fired first, killing Anderson. The tragic death of his father may have made Bill Anderson worse than he would otherwise have been, for he immediately commenced leading raids into Kansas, along the old Santa Fe trail, going as far into the state as Council Grove. His three sisters—Josephine, Mary and Jennie—returned to Missouri, where they were afterward


text: Page:Ginzburg - The Legends of the Jews - Volume 1.djvu/71


text:
Page:Kansas A Cyclopedia of State History vol 1.djvu/77

 arrested by order of Gen. Ewing, and by the fall of the building in which they were imprisoned one was killed. This added gall and wormwood to Anderson's already embittered disposition, and from that time until his death he was more brutal than before. It is said that his gang did more killing at Lawrence than any other portion of Quantrill's command, and after the massacre at Baxter Springs he wanted to attack the fort, but Quantrill would not consent. Anderson was killed while on one of his raids, Oct. 27, 1864, and after his death the scalps of two women were found on the headstall of his bridle.

 Andover, a village of Butler county (formerly known as Minnehaha), is a station on the St. Louis & San Francisco R. R., in Bruno township, about 17 miles southwest of Eldorado, the county seat, and not far from the Sedgwick county line. It had a population of 130 in 1910, its money order postoffice has one rural free delivery route which supplies mail to the surrounding country, and it is a trading and shipping point for the people in that portion of the county.

Angelus, a village of Solomon township, Sheridan county, is situated on the Saline river, about 20 miles southwest of Hoxie, the county seat. It is a rural postoffice, with a population of 30, and is a trading center for that part of the county. Campus and Grinnell, on the Union Pacific, are the nearest railroad stations.

Angola, a village of Labette county, is located in Canada township, on the Missouri Pacific R. R., 23 miles southwest of Oswego, the county seat. It has telegraph and express offices and a money order postoffice. The town was laid out in 1886, C. H. Kimball and Lee Clark being the promoters. The population in 1910 was 100.

Annelly, a money order postoffice of Richland township, Harvey county, is a station on the Missouri Pacific R. R., 9 miles southeast of Newton, the county seat. It has a grain elevator, a hotel, a general store, and does some shipping. The population was reported as 25 in 1910.

Anness, a money order postoffice of Sedgwick county, is in Erie township, some 30 miles southwest of Wichita and not far from the Sumner county line. It is a station on the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe R. R., that runs from Wichita to Englewood, has a grain elevator, an express office, and through its retail stores supplies the people of that section with staple articles. The population was reported as 70 in 1910.

Annual Register.—A volume, known as the Kansas Annual Register, was issued late in Dec., 1864, by the State Agricultural Society, with Andrew Stark as editor. The publication was issued from the Leavenworth Bulletin office and is a volume of 265 pages of good historical matter, most of which is devoted to Kansas. The idea of the Register is said to have originated with Judge L. D. Bailey, and it was his intention to issue a volume annually. Besides a history of religious societies in the state, and of counties, the volume contains lithographic pictures of Thomas Carney, Thomas Ewing, jr., James H. Lane, A. C.


text:
Page:Kansas A Cyclopedia of State History vol 1.djvu/78

 Wilder, George W. Deitzler and James G. Blunt. But one number was issued.

 Anson, one of the active, thriving little towns of Sumner county, is in Sumner township, about 10 miles northwest of Wellington, the county seat. It is a station on the Missouri Pacific R. R., 6 miles east of Conway Springs, has a bank, important mercantile and shipping interests, a money order postoffice, express and telegraph accommodations, good schools, etc., and in 1910 reported a population of 125.

Antelope, a small village of Marion county, is located in Clear Creek township, and is a station on the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific R. R., 7 miles northeast of Marion, the county seat. It has a money order postoffice, express and telegraph offices, and although the population was only 53 in 1910 it has a good retail trade and does some shipping.

Anthony, the capital and largest city of Harper county, is situated a little southeast of the geographical center of the county in the Bluff creek valley, which is a fine agricultural district. When Harper county was legally organized in 1878 George T. Anthony, then governor of Kansas, was given power to locate the county seat, and the town was named in honor of the governor. The early settlers of Anthony were intelligent, industrious people, and for a time the growth of the place went forward with unabated vigor. Bonds were voted for railroad companies and for municipal improvements and Anthony joined in the rivalry with other towns during the boom days. The rush to Oklahoma on April 22, 1889, it is said, took away about one-half the population, and another hegira occurred some years later. Notwithstanding this the growth of the city was only temporarily impeded, and in 1910 reported a population of 2,669, an increase of 490 during the preceding decade, in spite of the emigration of 1903.

Underneath the city is a vein of fine salt, 400 feet in thickness, which has been developed, and a salt plant now turns out some 50,000 barrels annually. In addition to this great industry, the city has an ice plant, a glove factory, a well equipped waterworks system owned by the municipality, natural gas for fuel and light, an electric lighting plant, a fire department, large grain elevators, flour mills, two newspapers, a Carnegie library, and a good public school system. Ample banking facilities are provided, and the city, being located at the junction of the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe, the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific, the Kansas City, Mexico & Orient, the Kansas Southwestern and the Missouri Pacific railroads, its transportation facilities are unsurpassed. Hence it is a prominent shipping and distributing point, its exports being grain, live stock, salt, and the products of its manufacturing establishments. The Anthony Commercial club was organized on Jan. 1, 1909, and under its auspices a building and loan association has been organized to aid the people in becoming home owners. The Anthony postoffice is authorized to issue international money orders and four rural delivery routes supply the farmers in the vicinity with mail daily. All the leading express companies have offices, and the telegraph and


text:
Page:Kansas A Cyclopedia of State History vol 1.djvu/79

 telephone service is better than that often found in cities of similar size. That the people of Anthony are progressive in their ideas is evidenced by the fact that the commission form of government was adopted in Feb., 1909.

Anthony, Daniel R., journalist and soldier, was born at South Adams, Mass., Aug. 22, 1824, a son of Daniel and Lucy Anthony, and a brother of Susan B. Anthony, the famous advocate of female suffrage. In his boyhood he attended school at Battenville, N. Y., and later spent six months at the Union Village Academy. Upon leaving school he became a clerk in his father's cotton mill and flour mill until he was about 23 years old, when he went to Rochester, N. Y. After teaching school for two seasons he engaged in the insurance business, and in 1854 he was a member of the first colony sent out to Kansas by the New England Emigrant Aid Society. In June, 1857, he located at Leavenworth, which city was his home for the remainder of his life. When the Seventh Kansas cavalry was organized in 1861, Mr. Anthony was commissioned lieutenant-colonel and served until he resigned on Sept. 3, 1862, his resignation being due to a controversy between him and Gen. R. B. Mitchell. While in camp at Etheridge, Tenn., in June, 1862, Lieut.-Col. Anthony was temporarily in command of the brigade, during a short absence of Gen. Mitchell, and issued an order prohibiting slave-owners from coming inside the Union lines for the purpose of recovering fugitive slaves. The order further specif1ed that “Any officer or soldier of this command who shall arrest and deliver to his master a fugitive slave shall be summarily and severely punished according to the laws relative to such crimes.” When Gen. Mitchell returned and assumed command of the brigade, he asked Lieut.-Col. Anthony to countermand the order. Anthony replied that as he was no longer in command he had no right to issue or revoke orders. Mitchell then placed him in command long enough to rescind the obnoxious order, when Anthony, being in command, denied the right of Gen. Mitchell to dictate what he should do, and again refused to countermand the order. He was arrested and relieved of the command, but the matter came before the United States senate and Anthony was reinstated by Gen. Halleck. Then he resigned. He was elected mayor of Leavenworth in 1863 and undertook to clear the city of Southern sympathizers. Several houses sheltering them were burned, when Gen. Ewing placed the city under martial law. Ewing's scouts seized some horses, Anthony interfered and was again arrested, but was released the next day and civil law was restored. In the spring of 1866 Mr. Anthony was removed from the office of postmaster in Leavenworth because he refused to support the reconstruction policy of Andrew Johnson. He was president of the Republican state convention of 1868, and the same year was one of the Kansas presidential electors. In 1872 he was again elected mayor of the city; was appointed postmaster of Leavenworth by President Grant on April 3, 1874, and reappointed by President Hayes on March 22, 1878. He served several terms in the city


text:
Page:Kansas A Cyclopedia of State History vol 1.djvu/80

 council, and was nominated for mayor a number of times but was defeated. Mr. Anthony was a life member of the Kansas State Historical Society, of which he was president in 1885–86. In Jan., 1861, he established the Leavenworth Conservative, but the following year sold it to A. C. and D. W. Wilder. In March, 1864, he purchased the Bulletin, the Times came into his possession in 1871, and this paper he continued to conduct until his death. As a journalist Mr. Anthony was aggressive, and his outspoken editorials frequently involved him in trouble. To him physical fear was a stranger, and when R. C. Satterlee of the Leavenworth Herald published something derogatory to Mr. Anthony in 1864 a shooting affair occurred which resulted in the death of Satterlee. On May 10, 1875, W. W. Embry, a former employee, fired three shots at Mr. Anthony on the stairway of the opera house. One of the shots took effect in the right breast, just below the collar bone, severed an artery and Mr. Anthony's recovery from this wound is regarded as one of the remarkable cases of modern surgery. Mr. Anthony married Miss Annie E. Osborn of Edgarton, Mass., Jan. 21, 1864, and died at Leavenworth on Nov. 12, 1904. A short time before his death he suggested the following as his epitaph: “He helped to make Kansas a free state. He fought to save the Union. He published the Daily Times for nearly forty years in the interest of Leavenworth. He was no hypocrite.”

 Anthony, Daniel R., Jr., journalist and member of Congress from the First Kansas district, was born in the city of Leavenworth. Kan., Aug. 22, 1870, a son of Daniel R. and Annie (Osborn) Anthony. He was educated in the public schools of his native city, graduated in the class of 1887 at the Michigan Military Academy at Orchard Lake. Mich., and in 1891 he received the degree of LL. D. from the university of Michigan at Ann Arbor. The greater part of Mr. Anthony's career has been taken up in newspaper work, and since the death of his father, in Nov., 1904, he has been at the head of the Leavenworth Times, which his father conducted for nearly forty years. From 1898 to 1902 he was postmaster of Leavenworth, and in 1903 was elected mayor of the city for a term of two years. On March 29, 1907, he was elected without opposition to fill the unexpired term of Charles Curtis in the national house of representatives, Mr. Curtis having resigned his seat to enter the United States senate. At the election in Nov., 1908, he was reelected for a full term of two years, defeating F. M. Pearl by a plurality of 7,950, and in 1910 he was again elected, defeating J. B. Chapman by a plurality of 14,376. Mr. Anthony was the originator of the project to build a military road from Fort Leavenworth to Fort Riley, and on Dec. 16, 1909, he introduced a bill in Congress for that purpose. His plan was to utilize the labor of the convicts in the Federal prisons at Fort Leavenworth, and several farmers along the line of the proposed road have signified their willingness to furnish the stone for its construction. In addition to his editorial and Congressional duties. Mr. Anthony is a director of the Leavenworth National bank. He was


text:
Page:Kansas A Cyclopedia of State History vol 1.djvu/81

 united in marriage on June 21, 1897, with Miss Elizabeth Havens of Leavenworth.

 Anthony, George Tobey, seventh governor of the State of Kansas, was born on a farm near Mayfield, Fulton county, N. Y., June 9, 1824, and was the youngest of five children born to Benjamin and Anna Anthony. The parents were active members of the society of Friends, or Quakers, and were unwavering advocates of the abolition of chattel slavery. The father died in 1829, leaving the family in somewhat straightened circumstances. When George was about nine years old the family removed to Greenfield, N. Y., where he attended school during the winter months and worked for the neighboring farmers in summer. At the age of sixteen years he entered the shop of his uncle at Union Springs, N. Y., and served an apprenticeship as a tinner and coppersmith. Here he worked from fourteen to sixteen hours each day, which doubtless inculcated those industrious habits that characterized his course through life. On Dec. 14, 1852, he married Miss Rosa A. Lyon, of Medina, N. Y., and there engaged in business as a tinner and dealer in hardware, stoves, etc. Later he added agricultural implements to his stock, and still later he removed to New York city, where he engaged in business as a commission merchant until the commencement of the Civil war. Gov. Morgan selected him as one of a committee to raise and organize troops under the call of July 2, 1862, in the 28th district, composed of the counties of Niagara, Orleans and Genesee, his associates being ex-Gov. Church and Noah Davis. Mr. Anthony organized the Seventeenth independent battery of light artillery in four days, and was commissioned captain of the organization when it was mustered into the United States service on Aug. 26, 1862. In command of this battery he served between Washington and Richmond until the close of the war; was attached to the Eighteenth corps while in the trenches in front of Petersbuurg; and was with the Twenty-fourth corps in the Appomattox campaign, which ended in the surrender of Gen. Robert E. Lee. Capt. Anthony was mustered out at Richmond, Va., June 12, 1865, and in November of the same year he became a resident of Leavenworth, Kan., where for nearly three years he was editor of the Daily Bulletin and Daily Commercial. He then published the Kansas Farmer for six years. After coming to Kansas, Mr. Anthony held a number of positions of trust and responsibility. In 1867 he was one of the commissioners in charge of the soldiers' orphans; in December of that year was appointed assistant assessor of United States internal revenue; was commissioned collector of internal revenue on July 11, 1868; was president of the Kansas state board of agriculture for three years, and president of the board of Centennial managers in 1876. In the last named year he was nominated by the Republican state convention for the office of governor. During the campaign some of his political enemies charged that he had been guilty of cowardice while serving with his battery in the Army of the Potomac, and insisted on his removal from the ticket. The charge was investigated