text:
Page:The Life of Sir Thomas More (William Roper, ed by Samuel Singer).djvu/219

 factus est. Sed interim in publico Regni Senatu lectus est orator Populi; præterea legatus Regis nonnunquam fuit alias alibi: postremo vero Cameraci comes et collega junctus principi legationis Cuthberto Tunstallo tum Londinensi mox Dunelmensi Episcopo, quo viro vix habet orbis hodie quicquam eruditius, prudentius, melius. Ibi inter summos orbis christiani monarchas rursus refecta fœdera redditamque mundo diu desideratum pacem, et lætissimus vidit, et legatus interfuit.

Quam superi pacem firment faxintque perennem. In hoc officiorum vel honorum cursu quum ita versaretur ut neque princeps optimus operam ejus improbaret, neque nobilibus esset invisus, nec injucundus populo, furibus autem, homicidis, hæreticisque molestus, pater ejus tandem Joannes Morus eques et in eum Judicum Ordinem a principe cooptatus, qui regius consessus vocatur, homo civilis, suavis, innocens, mitis, misericors, æquus et integer, annis quidem gravis, sed corpore plusquam pro ætate vivido, postquam eo productam sibi Vitam vidit ut filium videret Angliæ Cancellarium, satis in terra jam se moratum ratus, libens emigravit in Cœlum. At filius, defuncto patre, cui quamdiu supererat comparatus et juvenis vocari consueverat, et ipse quoque sibi videbatur, amissum jam patrem requirens, et æditos ex se liberos quotuor ac nepotes undecim respiciens apud animum suum cœpit persenescere. Auxit hunc affectum animi subsecuta statim, velut adpetentis senij signum, pectoris valetudo deterior. Itaque mortalium harum rerum satur, quam rem a puero pene semper optaverat, ut ultimos aliquot vitæ suæ annos obtineret liberos, quibus hujus vitæ negotijs paulatim se subducens futuræ posset immortalitatem meditari, eam rem tandem (si cœptis annuat DEUS) indulgentissimi Principis incomparabili beneficio resignatis honoribus impetravit: atque hoc sepulchrum sibi, quod mortis eum nunquam cessantis abrepere quotidie commonefaceret, translatis huc prioris uxoris ossibus, extruendum curavit. Quod ne superstes frustra sibi fecerit, neve ingruentem trepidus mortem horreat, sed desiderio Christi libens oppetat, mortemque ut sibi non omnino mortem, sed januam Vitæ fælicioris inveniat precibus eum piis, lector optime, spirantem precor defunctumque prosequere.


text: The Life of Sir Thomas More/Appendix 8

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: The Life of Sir Thomas More/Appendix 8


text:
Page:The Life of Sir Thomas More (William Roper, ed by Samuel Singer).djvu/186

 that you may in this great matter (for which you stand in this trouble, and for your trouble all we also that love you) take such a waye by time, as standing with the pleasure of God, may content and please the king, whome ye have alwaye founden so singularly gracious unto you, that if ye should stiffly refuse to doe the thing that wer his pleasure, which, God not displeased, you might do, (as many great, wise, and well learned men, say that in this thing you may), it would both be a great blot in your worship in every wise mannes opinion, and as myself have heard some say (such as yourself have alway taken for well-learned and good) a perill unto your soul also. But as for that point (father) will I not be bolde to dispute upon, sith I truste in God, and your good minde, that ye will looke surely therto. And your learning I know for suche, that I wot well you can. But one thing is ther, which I and other your frendes fynd and perceive abrode, which, but if it be shewed you, you may peradventure to your greate perill, mistake, and hope for lesse harm (for as for good I wot well in this world of this matter ye looke for none) than I sore feare me, shall be likelye to fall to you. For I assure you father, I have received a letter of late from my sister Alington, by whiche I see well, that if ye change not your minde, you are likelye to lose al those frendes that are hable to do you any good. Or if ye leese not their good wils, you shal at the least wise lese the effect therof, for any good that they shal be hable to dooe you. With this my father smyled vpon me and saide: what maistres Eue (as I called you when you came first) hath my daughter Alington plaid the serpent with you, and with a letter set you a worke to come tempte your father again, and for the favour that you beare him, labour to make him sweare against his conscience, and so send him to the devil? And after that, he loked sadly agayne, and earnestly said vnto me Daughter Margaret, we two have talked of this thynge ofter than twyse or thryse. And the same tale in effect, that you tell me now therein, and the same feare too, have you twise told me before, and I have twise aunswered you too, that in this matter if it were possible for me to dooe the thing that might content the kinges grace, and God therewith not offended, then hath no man taken


text:
Page:The Life of Sir Thomas More (William Roper, ed by Samuel Singer).djvu/187

 this othe already more gladly than I would dooe; as he that reckoneth himselfe more diepelye bounden vnto the kinges hyghnesse, for his most singular bountie, many wayes shewed and declared, than any of them all besyde. But sith standing my conscience I can in no wyse dooe it, and that for the instruction of my conscience in the matter, I haue not sleightly looked, but by many yeres studied, and aduisedly considered, and neuer could yet see nor heare that thing, nor I thinke I neuer shal, that could enduce mine own mind to think otherwise than I do, I have no maner remedy, but God hathe geuen me to that streight, that either I must dedly displease him, or abyde any worldly harme that he shal for mine other sinnes, vnder name of this thyng, suffer to fall vpon me. Whereof (as I before thys haue told you to) I have ere I came here, not left vnbethought nor vnconsidered, the very most and the vttermost that can by possibilitie fall. And albeit that I know mine own frailtie ful well, and the natural faintnes of mine own heart, yet if I had not trusted that God shold geue me strength rather to endure al thinges, than offend him by swearing vngodly against mine own conscience, you may be very sure I woulde not have come here. And sith I looke in this matter, but only vnto God, it maketh me little matter, though men cal it as it please them, and say it is no conscience, but a foolish scruple. At this word I toke a good occasion, and said vnto him thus: In good faith, father, for my parte, I neither doo, nor it cannot become me, either to mistrust your good minde or your learnyng. But because you speake of that that some calle it but a scruple, I assure you you shall see by my sisters letter, that one of the greatesse estates in this realme, and a man learned too, and (as I dare say your self shal thinke when you know him, and as you have already right effectuallye prooued him) your tender frend and very speciall good lord, accounteth your conscience in this matter, for a right simple scruple. And you may be sure he saith it of good mind, and lyeth no little cause. For he saith, that where you say your conscience mooueth you to this, all the nobles of this realme, and almost all other men too, go boldly forth with the contrary, and sticke not thereat, saue only yourself and one other man: whom though he be right


text:
Page:The Life of Sir Thomas More (William Roper, ed by Samuel Singer).djvu/201

 And so I can in good faith go now no ferther neither, after so many wyse men, whom ye take for no saumple, but if I should say like M. Harry: why shold you refuse to swere, father? for I haue sworn my self. At this he laughed and sayde. That word was like Eue too, for she offered Adam no worse fruit than she had eaten her self. But yet, father, quoth I, by my trouth, I fere me very sore, that this matter will brynge you in merueilous heauy trouble. You know well that as I shewed you, M. Secretary sent you word as your very frend, to remember that the parlement lasteth yet. Margaret, quod my father, I thanke hym right hertely. But as I shewed you than agayn, I left not this geare vnthought on. And albeit 1 knowe well that if they would make a lawe to doo me any harme, that lawe coulde neuer be lawfull, but that God shall I trust kepe me in that grace that concernyng my duetie to my prynce, no man shall doe me hurte, but if he doo me wronge, (and than as I tolde you, thys is lyke a ryddle, a case in whiche a man may lese his head and haue no harme); and not withstandyng, also, that I haue good hope, that God shal neuer suffer so good and wyse a prince, in such wyse to requyte the long seruice of his true faythfull seruaunte, yet sith there is nothynge vnpossible to falle, I forgat not in thys matter the counsell of Chryst in the Gospell, that ere I shold begynne to buylde thys castell for the sauegarde of myne owne soule, I shold sytte and rekon what the charge would be. I coumpted, Marget, full surely many a restles night, whyle my wyfe slept, and wente I had slept too, what peryll were possible for to falle to me, so farre furth that I am sure ther can come none aboue. And in deuisyng, daughter, thereupon, I had a full heavy heart. But yet I thanke oure Lorde for all that, I neuer thought to change, though the very vttermoste shoulde happe me that my feare ranne vpon. No, father, (quod I), it is not lyke to thinke vpon a thynge that may be, and to see a thynge that shal be, as ye shoulde (our Lorde saue you), if the chance shoulde so fortune. And than shoulde you pereduenture thynke, that you thinke not nowe, yet then pereduentuie it woulde be to late. To late, daughter (quod


text:
Page:Philosophical Transactions - Volume 012.djvu/12

 very nimbly, and which I was not able to discern till after several Observations. The upper part of the body was round, and had within, 8, 10, or 12 globuls, where they were very clear. These little Animals did sometimes change their figure into a perfect round, especially when they came to lye on any dry place. Their body was also very flexible; for as soon as they hit against any the smallest fibre or string, their body was bent in, which bending presently also yerked out again. When I put any of them on a dry place, I observ'd, that changing themselves into a round, their body was raised pyramidal-wise with an extant point in the middle, and having lain thus a little while with a motion of their feet, they burst asunder, and the globuls were presently diffus'd and dissipated, so that I could not discern the least thing of any film, in which the globuls had doubtless been inclosed: And at this time of their bursting asunder I was able to discover more globuls than when they were alive.

But then I observ'd a third sort of little Animals, that were twice as long as broad, and to my eye yet eight times smaller than the first. Yet for all this, I thought I discern'd little feet, whereby they moved very briskly, both in a round and streight line.

There was, further, a fourth sort, which were so small, that I was not able to give them any figure at all. These were a thousand times smaller than the eye of a big Louse: For I judge, the axis of the eye of such a Louse to be more than ten times as long as the axis of any of the said little creatures. These exceeded all the former in celerity. I have often observ'd them to stand still as 'twere upon a point, and then turn themselves about with that swiftness, as we see a Top turn round, the circumference they made being no bigger than that of a small grain of Sand; and then extending themselves streight forward, and by and by lying in a bending posture.

I discover'd also several other sorts of Animals, but these were very big respectively; of which I intend not to speak here; only this, that they were generally made up of such soft parts, as the former, they bursting asunder as soon as they came to want water.

The 26. May, it rained hard; the rain growing less, I caused some of that Rain-water, running down from the house-top, to be gather'd in a clean Glass, after it had been washed two or


text:
Page:NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE SURVEY 94; BRAZIL; COUNTRY PROFILE CIA-RDP01-00707R000200080019-7.pdf/1

 Confidential 94/GS/CP

Country Profile

Brazil

September 1973

NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE SURVEY

CONFIDENTIAL NO FOREIGN DISSEM


text:
Page:Philosophical Transactions - Volume 012.djvu/13

 three times with the water. And in this I observ'd some few very little living creatures and seeing them, I thought they might have been produced in the leaden gutters in some water, that had there remain'd before.

On the same day, the Rain continuing, I took a great Porcelain-dish, and exposed it to the free Air upon a wooden vessel, about a foot and a half high, that so no earthy parts, from the falling of the Rain-water upon that place, might be spatter'd or dashed into the said dish. With the first water that fell into the dish, I washed it very clean, and then flung the water away, and receiv'd fresh into it, but could discern no living creatures therein; only I saw many irregular terrestrial parts in the same.

The 30. of May, after I had, ever since the 26th, observ'd every day twice or thrice the same Rain-water, I now discover'd some, yet very few, exceeding little Animals, which were very clear.

The 31th of May, I perceived in the same water more of those Animals, as also some that were somewhat bigger. And I imagine, that many thousands of these little Creatures do not equal an ordinary grain of Sand in bigness: And comparing them with a Cheese-mite (which may be seen to move with the naked eye) I make the proportion of one of these small Water-creatures to a Cheese-mite, to be like that of a Bee to a Horse: For, the circumference of one of these little Animals in water, is not so big as the thickness of a hair in a Cheese-mite

June 9th, having received, early in the morning, some Rain-water in a dish, as before, and poured it into a very clean Wine-glass, and exposed it about 8 of the clock in the morning to the Air, about the height of the third story of my house, to find, whether the little Animals would appear the sooner in the water, thus standing in the Air:

Observing the same accordingly the 10th of June, I imagin'd, I saw some living creatures therein; but because they seem'd to be but very few in number, nor were plainly discernable, I had no mind to trust to this observation.

The 11th of the same month, seeing this water move in the Glass from a stiff gale of wind (which had blown for 36 hours without intermission, accompanied with a cold, that I could very well endure my Winter-cloaths,) I did not think, I should then perceive any living creatures therein; yet viewing it at-


text:
Page:Philosophical Transactions - Volume 012.djvu/259

 to be mixed with the Blood; yet he saith, that after several Experiments made, he could not by any good Argument evince the same. page 93.

He hath made the Experiment, That Whey tinged with Saffron, being injected into the Pulmonary Artery, imediately runs into the left Ventricle of the Heart, without the assistance of Inspiration. Neither doth any Blood at the same time break forth into the Lungs. p. 101. He faith further,

He supposeth, that Animal Motions, are not made by the influence of the Animal Spirits. But that in each Part is seated a private sense, which is under the command of the Soul. And that therefore there are no Animal Spirits, but those in the Blood, called by the Name of the Calor Nativus. In favour whereof many Arguments are offered from p. 123, to 141.

That the suspension or Intermission of Inspiration for a certain time, doth not alter the Puls. p. 145.

That the Cause of Transparency is to be refer'd to the Texture of the transparent Body, and its Aptitude to continue the Motion by which Light is made, p. 179. Much after the same manner, as Sound is ontinuedcontinued [sic] through a Window or a Wall, p. 180. And that therefore the Rays of Light do not pass through a diaphanous Body, p. 184.

That Colours arise from the sparing or copious, strong or languid Reflections of Light from Bodies variously figured; as sounds from strings variously sized or stop'd, p. 185. So that the Nature of Light, is as if one should cause all the strings of a Viol to Vibrate together, so as to make one continued sound: that of Colours, as if their Vibrations were distinguished by divers and successive stops, p. 188.


text:
Page:Philosophical Transactions - Volume 012.djvu/77

 Num. 136.

June 25. 1677.

The CONTENTS.

Letter of Mr. John Conyers, containing an account of a very useful and cheap Pump, contrived by him, and also put in practice with good success. Some-Considerations upon Numb.133 of these Tracts. A Demonstration concerning the Motion of Light, communicated from Paris. A Relation of some strange Phenomena, accompanied with mischievous effects, in a Coal work in Flint-shire. A Letter from Mr. Leewenhoeck, concerning some Observations by him made of the Carneous Fibres of a Muscle, and the Cortical and Medullar part of the Brain, as also of Moxa and Cotton. The Description of a Celestial Globe, artificially made, showing the apparent Motions of the Sun, Moon, and Fixed Stars, &c. A Description of the Diamond-Mines, as it was presented by the Right Honourable, the Earl Marshal of England, to the Royal Society. An Account of some Books: I. The Primitive Origination of Mankind, considered and examined according to the Light of Nature; by the Honourable Sir Matthew Hale, Kt. &c. II. Tractatus Medicus de MORBIS CASTRENSIBUS INTERNIS, Auth. ''Joh. Valentino Willio. III.'' Hebdomas Observationum de Rebus SINICIS, Auth. Andræa Mullero.IV. The Curious Distillatory, written originally in Latin by ''Joh.Sigism. Elsholt, and Englished by T.S.'' &c. V. Medicina Statica, or Rules of Health, likewise originally written in Latin, now made English by 'J. D. VI. Systema Horriculturæ,containing in English the Art of Gardening in Three Books; by J.W.'' Gentl.&c. A


text:
Page:Philosophical Transactions - Volume 012.djvu/137

 Numb. 138.

March 25. For the Month of March, 1678.

The Contents.

affron heads planted in a black rich Sandy Mold, or in a mixt Sandy Land, between white and red, yields the greater store of Saffron.

A Clay or Stiff-ground, be it never ao rich, produceth little Saffron; though increase of Heads or Roots, if the Winter prove mild and dry: but the extremity of cold and moisture will rot them. So that the finest light Sandy Mold, of an indifferent fatness is esteemed most profitable.


text:
Page:Philosophical Transactions - Volume 012.djvu/161

 Numb. 139.

For the Months of April, May, and June, 1678.

The Contents.

{{hi|Monsieur Bullialdus's Observation of the Occultation of Sa- turn by the interpofition of the Moon. A Relation of Red Snow; communicated by the Honourable Mr.Boyle. Ana- tomical Obfervations of the Structure of the Nofe; made by Monfieur du Vernay. Obfervations of fome Animals, and of a Strange Plant, made in a Voyage into the Kingdom of Congo; by Michael Angelo de Guattini, and Dionyfius de Placenza. Of the Sorbus Pyriformis, obferved, by Mr. Edmond Pitt to grow wild in England. A Relation of a Child, which remained Twenty fix years in the Mother's belly. An Account of fome Books: I. Exercitationes tres; by Dr. Wallis. 1. Hiftoriæ Animalium Anglia tres Tractatus ; by Mr. Lifter. III. Lectures and Col- lections; by Mr. Hooke. Advertisement of the continu. ance of the Mechanical Exercifes by Mr. Moxon. And of a Ner kind of Globe; invented by the Right Honou- rable the Earl of Castlemain.

Societa:is Regiæ Anglica Illuftriffimis, celeberrimis atque Sapientiffimis Viris Ifmael Bullialdus, S.P.D.

Illuftriffimi, Celeberrimi ac Sipientiffimi Viri,

HAnc à me habitam occultationis Saturni à Luna intercepti obfervationem ad vos tranfmittere, à vobis olim in Soci- etatem veftram tranfcriptus, decrevi. Eam neque Tabula Ru- dolfine, neque mea Philolaïca (etfi minus, quàm ille, in punctis {{continues|initii}}


text:
Page:Philosophical Transactions - Volume 012.djvu/182

 Numb. 140.

For the Months of July, and August, 1678.

The Contents.


text:
Page:Philosophical Transactions - Volume 012.djvu/219

 Numb. 142.

For the Months of December, January, and February, 1678.

The Contents.

Anatomie of morbid Bodies, as Dr. Harvey hath ob- ferved, is most inftructive; thereby we are acquainted not only with the many Caufes that opprefs Nature, but likewife with the Liberty fhe often takes in forming the parts different from her ufual Rule; our prefent fubject affords both. For on September 14th. 1678. opening the Body of a Reverend and worthy Clergy-man of this City (where were


text:
Page:Seventh Report - Guns for gold- the Wagner Network exposed.pdf/33

Rh

33. In February, the Minister told us that “we must treat [the Wagner Network] very seriously as a destabilising threat”. The UK Government’s response focuses on Ukraine, which is the Wagner Network’s “main theatre of operations”. The Minister called the UK’s lethal aid and support to the Ukrainian military “front and centre of our effort”.189 As of 23 May 2023, the UK was the second largest donor of military assistance to Ukraine and had committed £4.6 billion so far. Calling it “gruesome”, Christo Grozev of Bellingcat told us that “Ukraine is doing part of the job for all of us now” by killing so many Wagner fighters on the battlefield.

34. In addition to defence support to Ukraine, the UK is responding to the Wagner Network via:

 * •sanctions (see paragraphs 43–61),

 * •bilateral and multilateral diplomacy, including work with partner states on “nation building and investing in institutions”;

 * •ministerial statements of condemnation; and

 * •tracking activity by the Ministry of Defence and the Foreign Office.

The UK has also committed to [emphasis added]:

"a new approach to countering state threats below the threshold of armed conflict, organising cross-government activity into four lines of effort: protecting ourselves, our allies and partners from the impact of this activity; engaging domestically and internationally to raise awareness of it and to deepen cooperation on countering it; building a deeper understanding of states’ activity and how to respond effectively; and competing directly with these states in creative and assertive ways, when appropriate."


text:
Page:The Hymns of the Rigveda (English Translation).pdf/10

X 1. The ten Mandalas and the Samhita. Pp. 249-270. The Soma book P. 8. 250. The Pragatha book P. 8. 254. The first book and its second part P. 257. The Samhita from I to IX P. 263. The supplements P. 8. 264.


text:
Author:Seferbiy Zaneqo

Works

 * Circassian declaration of independence (1857)

title: Author:Seferbiy Zaneqo


text:
Page:Seventh Report - Guns for gold- the Wagner Network exposed.pdf/62

Rh {| class="wikitable" ! Name of Sanctioned individual, starting with surname (with supporting information from time of designation) !! Sanction by US? !! Sanctioned by EU? !! Sanctioned by UK?
 * DJUMA, Abbas (a.k.a. DZHUMA, Abbas, a.k.a. DZHUMA, Abbas Mokhammadovich). Involved in PMC Wagner’s acquisition of Iranian UAVs to support combat operations in Ukraine (U.S. designation) || Yes || No || No
 * DYCHKO, Stanislav Evgenievitch. Wagner mercenary who took part in the torture of a Syrian deserter in 2017 (EU designation under the human rights regime) || No || Yes || No
 * ELIZAROV, Anton Olegovich. Wagner commander in Ukraine (EU designation) || No|| Yes || No
 * GASPARYAN, Hayk Arsenovich Wagner commander in Ukraine (EU designation) || No  || Yes  || No
 * GERGES, Fawaz Mikhail. CEO of Al-Sayyad Company for Guarding and Protection Services in Syria, a company supervised by Wagner (EU designation) || No  || Yes  || Yes
 * GOSTEV, Arkadiy Aleksandrovich. A Russian official at the rank of colonel, equivalent or higher, involved in supporting the recruitment of soldiers to the Wagner Network, thus supporting destabilising activities in Ukraine (UK designation) || Yes  || No  || Yes
 * IBRAHIM, Yasar Hussein. Co-owner of Al-Sayyad Company for Guarding and Protection Services Ltd, a Syrian private security company supervised by the Wagner Group in Syria, active in the protection of Russian interests (phosphates, gas and securing oil sites). The company recruits Syrian mercenaries to Libya and Ukraine (EU designation) || Yes  || Yes || Yes
 * IVANOV, Aleksandr Aleksandrovich (a.k.a. IVANOV, Alexander). Wagner representative in CAR; director of OUIS (U.S. and EU designations)|| Yes  || Yes || No
 * IVANOV, Andrey Nikolayevich. A Wagner executive who, during spring 2023, worked closely with Prigozhin’s entity Africa Politology and senior Malian government officials on weapons deals, mining concerns, and other Wagner Group activities in Mali (U.S. designation). || Yes  || No || No
 * }
 * GOSTEV, Arkadiy Aleksandrovich. A Russian official at the rank of colonel, equivalent or higher, involved in supporting the recruitment of soldiers to the Wagner Network, thus supporting destabilising activities in Ukraine (UK designation) || Yes  || No  || Yes
 * IBRAHIM, Yasar Hussein. Co-owner of Al-Sayyad Company for Guarding and Protection Services Ltd, a Syrian private security company supervised by the Wagner Group in Syria, active in the protection of Russian interests (phosphates, gas and securing oil sites). The company recruits Syrian mercenaries to Libya and Ukraine (EU designation) || Yes  || Yes || Yes
 * IVANOV, Aleksandr Aleksandrovich (a.k.a. IVANOV, Alexander). Wagner representative in CAR; director of OUIS (U.S. and EU designations)|| Yes  || Yes || No
 * IVANOV, Andrey Nikolayevich. A Wagner executive who, during spring 2023, worked closely with Prigozhin’s entity Africa Politology and senior Malian government officials on weapons deals, mining concerns, and other Wagner Group activities in Mali (U.S. designation). || Yes  || No || No
 * }
 * IVANOV, Aleksandr Aleksandrovich (a.k.a. IVANOV, Alexander). Wagner representative in CAR; director of OUIS (U.S. and EU designations)|| Yes  || Yes || No
 * IVANOV, Andrey Nikolayevich. A Wagner executive who, during spring 2023, worked closely with Prigozhin’s entity Africa Politology and senior Malian government officials on weapons deals, mining concerns, and other Wagner Group activities in Mali (U.S. designation). || Yes  || No || No
 * }
 * }


text:
Page:The Hymns of the Rigveda (English Translation).pdf/18

8 Indo-Iranian rishis, in those same ancient measures of eight-syllable and eleven-syllable lines, sang the divine glory of the Asuras and the cultivation of the Soma growing in the mountains.

The simplest among the more frequently used Padas is the eight-syllable one; unlike the eleven- and twelve-syllable ones, it does not bring about a more varied internal structure and a multitude of equivalent forms standing side by side. For our examination, the eight-syllable Pada naturally breaks down into two four-syllable halves, with the first being metrically less determined and the second being more strongly metrically determined.

Let's start with the second half. In this half, iambic measurement is the rule; we are justified in considering the two shorts as metrically stressed (as caesuras) and the longs as metrically unstressed (as lifts). The last syllable of the Pada is uncertain in Vedic metrics and in all other cases; for example,

The best way to determine the extent to which the described rule of iambic measurement is proven as such is by examining it in conjunction with the description and statistics of exceptions. We document this for several cases.


text: Index:Hallowe'en merrymaking (IA halloweenmerryma1931unit).pdf


text: Page:Hallowe'en merrymaking (IA halloweenmerryma1931unit).pdf/10


text:
Page:Hallowe'en merrymaking (IA halloweenmerryma1931unit).pdf/9

R-HC sussan is-- one of these lovely large summerdaisies with orange-colored petals and a black center. Well, the lettuce foundation will be the leaves on the flower; the black prune will make the black center; and sections of orange with the white membrane removed will radiate from this center to look like petals. French dressing or fruit salad dressing with it whichever you please.

The recipes for scalloped potatoes and pumpkin pie are both in the green radio cook book. Do you remember that fine recipe for lamb) chops in your lamb leaflet? That's the one to use for this meal.

How let's check the two menus before we stop, just to be sure you have everything down.

The first and inexpensive menu: Meat broth with fancy carrot slices; Pork chops de luxe; Baked Hubbard squash; Prune and apricot salad; Orange ice; Chocolate wafers.

The second menu; Fruit cup in orange shells; Lamb chops; Scalloped potatoes; Baked Hubbard squash; Prune and orange salad; Individual pumpkin pie with whipped cream; Hot coffee; Orange and black candies.

Tomorrow the home dressmaker smaller has her innings. We'll talk about making the new sleeves.


text: Page:Hallowe'en merrymaking (IA halloweenmerryma1931unit).pdf/1


text: Page:Hallowe'en merrymaking (IA halloweenmerryma1931unit).pdf/2


text:
Page:Hallowe'en merrymaking (IA halloweenmerryma1931unit).pdf/3

 {|
 * UNITEDSTATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
 * RADIO SERVICE
 * OFFICE OF INFORMATION.
 * }
 * }

HOUSEMAKERS' CHAT

Subject: "Hallowe'en Merrymaking, " Menus and. recipes from the Bureau of Home Economics, U. S.D.A.

Bulletins available: "Lamb As You like It" and "Aunt Sammy's Recipes Revised."

Of all the holidays of the year, the two that children enjoy most are Hallowe'en and. Christmas. Hallowe'en with all its tradition of mystery, quaint old spooky customs and. celebrations has a special appeal to young imaginations. What youngster doesn't enjoy this night of the year when ghosts and goblins are abroad, when witches are riding on broomsticks and other eerie folk are free to wander.

Hallowe'en is one of the oldest holidays we have much older than Christmas in fact, because it came down to us from the harvest festival of the ancient Druids, when each village lighted a great altar fire as a protection against evil spirits. Each family took a spark from the new altar fire for their own hearth fire as a protection for the coming year,

When the Druids became Christians, they abandoned this festival, but the superstitious country folk still believed down through the ages that on All Hallow Eve, the fairies and elves came out to dance in enchanted moonlight and that bed spirits gathered in deserted castles to plot against mankind. In fact, as late as the 17th century farmers would tramp over their acres on Hallowe'en brandishing lighted torches and chanting weird songs to frighten away the goblins. And until very recent years, I'm told, the custom of lighting Hallowe'en fires has continued in the highlands of Scotland and Wales.


text: Page:Hallowe'en merrymaking (IA halloweenmerryma1931unit).pdf/4


text: Page:Hallowe'en merrymaking (IA halloweenmerryma1931unit).pdf/6


text: Page:Hallowe'en merrymaking (IA halloweenmerryma1931unit).pdf/8


text:
Page:Hallowe'en merrymaking (IA halloweenmerryma1931unit).pdf/5

R-HC In England, this evening was long ago set aside for fireside pranks and mysterious games. Ducking or bobbing for apples, telling fortunes, masquerading and other revelries date way back to the Middle Ages.

Unfortunately, pranks have not always stayed by the fireside. Instead of ghosts and goblins abroad, the boys of the neighborhood set forth to put ticktacks on windows, to ring fire alarms, steal gates and damage property generally. In some places ruthless destruction and lawlessness more than the police could manage, and Hallowe'en became a serious civic problem.

The problem has been solved in several cities, simply by spending their funds on entertainment rather than on extra police. The wise municipal officers decided that something amusing to do is the best antidote for rowdyism.

Four years ago at Glens Falls, New York, an annual Hallowe'en celebration for everybody was started that has been most successful. Manufacturers, stores, schools and clubs all joined in a huge parade to the delight of thousands of spectators, young and old. Last year there were a hundred elaborate floats in the parade, as well as bands, grotesque animals, marchers in fantastic and colorful costumes, decorated automobiles and many old horse-drawn vehicles. The carnival spirit pervaded the throngs on the side lines whoo sang, cheered, danced, and were dressed in every sort of gay costume.

In Evansville, Indiana, Halloween is one of the big occasions of the year for the whole city. The celebrations are staged in neighborhood units, sponsored by the Parent-Teacher groups and centering around the neighborhood schools. Thousands take part in the parades and in the programs of stunts given at the schools afterward. Prizes are awarded and a huge bonfire is burnt as a grand finale. An old custom here in Washington brings everyone out on the street in costumes of all kinds with confetti and balloons for gayety.

With such organized merriment, no child cares to spend his evening at such interesting deviltry as painting the neighbor's front porch or carrying off gate posts.

Hallowe'en is one of the pleasantest times of year for entertaining at hone. It isn't the time for correct and formal seventeen course dinners, but rather for spicy, bountiful informal suppers served to a merry crowd of guests. There are a variety of autumn and harvest foodstuffs available at this time, the colorful leaves and flowers in the gardens providing bright ruddy color schemes and Jack-o'-Lanterns, black cats, witches and other symbols of the day add to the decoration.

I asked the Menu Specialist to plan us two menus for informal Hallowe'en dinners—the first to be inexpensive, the second to be a little more elaborate.

Here is Menu No. 1. A simple, inexpensive and colorful company dinner. The color schoeme, of course, is black and orange. Meat broth with fancy carrot slices; Pork chops deluxe; Hubbard squash baked in squares;


text:
Page:Hallowe'en merrymaking (IA halloweenmerryma1931unit).pdf/7

R-HC Prune and apricot salad; Orange ice; and Chocolate wafers. Orange and black, you see, in every course. Thin slices of carrot may be cut in interesting shapes and used to decorate the broth.

Diced carrots will do if you haven't time to cut the fancy shapes. The recipe for pork chops de luxe is not in your green cookbook revised, so I'm going to give it to you, as soon as I've said a word about fixing the rest of the menu.

The Hubbard squash, with its orange center and dark covering fits in beautifully with the color scheme, beside being just the vegetable to go with those pork chops de luxe. Wash the squash, then cut it in pieces about 3 or 4 inches square, and remove the seeds and stringy portions. Put the pieces in a creased shallow pan, sprinkle them with salt and pepper, pour melted butter over the top, cover and bake in a moderate oven for one hour-- or until it is tender. Serve it piping hot.

Use steamed or cooked dried prunes for the salad. The prunes should be firm enough to hold their share when the stones are taken out. The apricots may be either of the dried cooked variety or canned. Arrange the fruit carefully on crisp lettuce. French dressing containing a little extra sugar will be nice with this salad,

Now the recipe for pork chops de luxe: Eight ingredients. Let's write them down.

 * 5 pork chops
 * 5 medium-sized apples, pared and cored
 * 4 white potatoes, medium size.
 * 6 onions, cut in half
 * 3 teaspoons salt
 * 1/8 teaspoon popper
 * 1-1/2 cups boiling water,
 * and Flour

I'll repeat them. (Repeat).

A large baking dish is necessary for this recipe.If you haven't a casserole, use a roaster with a cover. Grease the baking dish. Cut the onions in half and place them in the bottom of the dish. Sprinkle with salt. Core the apples. Cut each apple into 4 or 5 rings, and stick the end of a pork chop through these rings. Then place the pork chops and apples over the layer of onions and sprinkle lightly with flour. Fill up the spaces with the potatoes, thinly sliced. Add the remaining salt and the pepper. Pour in the boiling water and cover the baking dish. Bake until tender, which will take a little over 1 hour. Then remove the cover of the baking dish and continue the being until all the food is a rich golden brown.

A little dressier menu begins with fruit cup served in orange shells. A mixture of pineapple, apple grapefruit, apricot and dates would be good for this. Fruit cup in orange shells, first; then, Lamb chops; Scalloped potatoes; Baked Hubbard squash; Prune and orange salad; Individual pumpkin pie with whipped cream, for dessert; Coffee, and Orange and black candies.

That prune and orange salad can be most decorative if you arrange it to look like a black-eyed susan. Of course, you know what a black-eyed


text:
Page:Complete Works of Count Tolstoy - 13.djvu/273

 the only-begotten Son of God, who is omnipresent, no salvation is possible for men.” (pp. 48 and 49.)

To Nicodemus’s question as to how a man can be reborn in order to enter the kingdom of heaven, Jesus replies that no one can enter heaven and come to God except he who knows God already, who already ascends heaven. No matter how these words may be understood, they cannot be interpreted in such a way as that Jesus is speaking about himself, since he is apparently speaking about all men and directly says that what he is speaking about is the son of man. Independently of the fact that from the meaning of the whole conversation with Nicodemus, which begins with Jesus’ saying that no one shall see the kingdom of heaven, if he is not born from above, it is evident that Jesus does not refer it to himself, but to all men; independently of this obvious meaning, everything which is said, is said now of the son of man and now of the only-begotten, or, more correctly, of the one-begotten son, but it does not say that this son of God is exclusively Christ. Above all, these words cannot have the meaning which the church ascribes to them, because the word “son of man” has the definite meaning of the son of man, that is of men, and the appellation of the son of God is precisely what Christ teaches the men to call themselves, and so Christ, if he had intended to say that he stood in an exclusive relation to God, would have been compelled to choose another expression in order to give it that meaning. I cannot permit myself to believe that Jesus should not have been able or willing to express such an important dogma. If, then, he called himself a son of God, and called other people also sons of God, he wanted to say that, so that the text expresses precisely the opposite of what the author wants to prove.

I am not going to quote here evidences from the gospels which directly deny the divinity of Christ, for I will quote them in their proper place, but I will analyze those


text:
Page:The Harveian oration - delivered at the Royal College of Physicians, London, on October 18, 1884 (IA b21778929).pdf/34

 from the same eternal and omnipotent Deity, on whose nod the universe itself depends;" yet shows his freedom from theologic dogma, and his wide range of thought in adding, "Nor do we think that we are greatly to dispute about the name by which this first agent is to be called or worshipped; whether it be God, Nature, or the soul of the universe- whatever the name employed-all still intend by it, that which is the beginning and the end of all things; which exists from eternity and is almighty; which is author or Creator, and, by means of changing generations, the preserver and perpetuator of the fleeting things of mortal life; which is omnipresent, not less in the single and several operations of natural things than in the infinite universe." 25

We are reminded by this passage of the well-known dialogue, in which Faust, replying to Margaret's examination of his creed, says-

"Call it whate'er thou wilt-heart, love, or God, Or happiness I cannot give it name.'

And the fair Margaret makes answer-

"All that is very good and true; Nearly the same the Priest says too, Only in somewhat other words than you."

But Harvey recurs to the same theme, and after saying that "the most perfect man, whose highest excellence is that he knows himself;" adds, "we ourselves, as is seeming in these days (hold) as the Almighty first cause of all things . . . . the Creator and Father of all that is in heaven and earth, on whom animals depend for their being, and at whose will and pleasure all things are and were engendered." "

"It is true," said he, in conversation with Dr. Ent, "the examination of the bodies of animals has always been my delight; and I have thought that thence we might not only

25 On Generation, p. 370. 26 Ibid. p. 402.


text:
Page:The Harveian oration - delivered at the Royal College of Physicians, London, on October 18, 1884 (IA b21778929).pdf/35

 obtain an insight into the lighter (? higher) mysteries of Nature, but there perceive a kind of image or reflex of the omnipotent Creator himself."

2. If Harvey, though a devout believer in God, was yet free from all the restraints of the so-called "theologic stage;' he also, although a learned and keen metaphysician, had escaped from the trammels of what has been termed the inetaphysic stage." He had "cast them off with as much ease as Samson his green withes." He meets the metaphy- sician on his own ground with clever dialectic; but he pours contempt on those "who advocate incorporeal spirits, having no ground of experience to stand upon;" adding that "their spirits indeed are synonymous with powers or faculties, such as a concoctive spirit, a chylopoietic, &c., they admit as many spirits as there are faculties or organs." And, before this, with regard to the nature of "the spirits," he says "There are so many and such conflicting opinions, that it is not wonderful that the spirits whose nature is thus left so wholly ambiguous should serve as the common subterfuge of nce. Persons of limited information, when they are at a loss to assign a cause for anything, very commonly reply that it is done by the spirits; and so they bring the spirits into play upon all occasions; even as indifferent poets are always thrusting the gods upon the stage as a means of unravelling the plot, and bringing about the catastrophe." Harvey did not base his conclusions upon à priori metaphysics, but on solid facts.

3. If it be asked what was, then, his position; and what was the method he employed ?-my reply is that he being one of the freemen whom the truth makes free," held the position of an observer, a questioner, and inter-

27 Epistle Dedicatory, p. 146. 28 On the Circulation, p. 115 et seq.


text:
Page:The Harveian oration - delivered at the Royal College of Physicians, London, on October 18, 1884 (IA b21778929).pdf/36

 preter of Nature. In the Letter, by which he dedicates to the President and Fellows of this College, his " Anatomical Disquisition on the Motion of the Heart and Blood in Animals," he declares himself "the partisan of truth alone."" and throughout all his writings that follow he never swerved from the position he had taken. To him ". virtue," as it has been well said by Emerson, "lay in the adherence in action to the nature of things; and the nature of things made it prevail."

The intense love that Harvey felt for Nature led him to choose her as his constant companion, and his guide in the search for truth. There was nothing that she could show him that was too great for him to attempt to understand; nothing too small for him to pass by, or to regard with other feelings than those of affection, of reverence and wonder. The teaching of Nature was to him absolute in its authority. "The facts cognisable by the senses," he says, " wait upon no opinions, . . . the works of Nature bow to no antiquity; for indeed there is nothing either more ancient or of higher authority than Nature." 30

Harvey "observed" the facts before him, and he had eyes to see ;-but, not content with the " experiments pre- pared by Nature," he "made " new facts, by his skilful mani- pulation of the materials that were lying at his hand; and thus he asked pertinent questions, and obtained their answers. He thought about all these things; he reasoned upon them all; he sought and found all the help that meta- physical method and learning of the schools could render him; and, then, he became their "Interpreter."

His mode of progression may be defined as "longitudi- narian" (if I may use a word, coined, some years ago, in opposition to one very familiar to us all)-i.c., he looked and worked straight from end to end. His line was

29 On the Motion of the Heart, p. 7. 30 On the Circulation, p. 123.


text:
Page:The Harveian oration - delivered at the Royal College of Physicians, London, on October 18, 1884 (IA b21778929).pdf/37

 the shortest one that he could draw between the simplest- the first faet observed and the most remote objeet of his gaze. He thought in a straight line;" he never swerved in his forward mareh; but, as he passed onwards, he saw things outlying, on by-paths, but his own force of movement dragged them into his own well-ehosen course, and he made them help him on his way. Arrived at his goal, he arranged his materials with eare, and proceeded to explain their meaning by a simple induetive process. But,still keeping the same point in view, he approached it from other sides. Sometimes his lines, although converging, did not meet at the point he quite expected. Here, his power of thinking outside of, and beyond the facts came to help him; he made new observations, new experi- ments, and at last focussed them on a point made bright by the rays of his own genius. Dr. Ent spoke but the truth when he said to the President and Fellows of this College, "Our Harvey rather seems as though diseovery were natural to him; a thing of ease, and, of course, a matter of ordi- nary business; though he may nevertheless have expended infinite labour and study on his works." "¹

4. Harvey made use of working hypotheses; but he never eonfounded them with either facts, inductions, or laws. He claimed in one of his ingenious theses the liberty which he willingly yielded to others, "to put for- ward as true (in matters full of obseurity) suel things as appear to be probable until proved to be manifestly false;" and after demolishing many theories of others, "prayed for a place for his own" conjecture until something eertain should be established in the matter."

5. If some faet, apparently opposed to a truth that Harvey believed himself to have shed, confronted him in his way, he rode over it, with a force that could only

31 Epistle Dedicatory, p. 149. On Conception, p. 577. 33 Ibid. p. 580.


text:
Page:The Harveian oration - delivered at the Royal College of Physicians, London, on October 18, 1884 (IA b21778929).pdf/38

 come from the momentum that his strong conviction had given to his movement onwards. For example, he says, "There is one experiment which I would have every one try who is anxious for truth, and by which it is clearly shown that the arterial pulse is owing to the impulse of the blood. Let a portion of dried intestine . . . be taken and filled with water, and then secured at both ends like a sausage: by tapping with the finger at one extremity, you will im- mediately feel a pulse and vibration in any other part to which you apply the fingers, as you do when you feel the pulse at the wrist." After referring to the manner in which such percussion may be made of use in distinguish- ing between air and fluid in the abdomen, he continues, Having brought forward this experiment I may observe, that a most formidable objection to the circulation of the blood rises out of it, which, however, has neither been observed nor adduced by any one who has written against me;" and then he falls back upon his observations which show that, in spite of this seeming difficulty, the circulation has been proved. He says that he had " already satisfac- torily replied to this difficulty;" and such is true, inasmuch as he had pointed out that all the blood did not pass through the vessels, but that some of it was detained for nutrition; he had spoken of the contractility of the arteries, and of the impulse wave; but his solution of the difficulty, that he himself alone had seen, was founded on his confidence in the truth of his main assertion.

6. Boldness was a great feature of Harvey's character, when he told any of the truths he knew. "It were," he says," disgraceful. . . . with this most spacious and admirable realm of Nature before us did we take the reports of others upon trust. Nature is herself to be addressed; and the paths she shows us are to be boldly


text:
Page:The Harveian oration - delivered at the Royal College of Physicians, London, on October 18, 1884 (IA b21778929).pdf/39

 trodden. . . . ." And again, at a later period, he writes: "The doctrines inculcated on the subject of the humours, and which, as being entertained by the ancients, Fabricius regards as certain truths, requiring no further proofs, are in- consistent and false."

7. But Harvey, although bold and strong, was meck, cautious, and politc. He preferred "being wise with the few . . . . to going wrong with the many. Ent, in conversation with Harvey, said to him: "You your- self, I well remember, informed me once that you had never dissected any animal-and many and many a one you ex- amined but that you discovered something unexpected, He something of which you were formerly uninformed." was "greatly afraid lest he might be charged with pre- sumption, did he lay his work before the public at home, or send it beyond seas for impression. . . . unless (as he says) I had first proposed its subject to you (the President and Fellows of this College), and had confirmed its conclusions by ocular demonstrations in your presence, had replied to your doubts and objections, and secured the assent and support of our distinguished President." 38 Perhaps it might be well if a similar submission were sometimes adopted in this nineteenth century. But so much has been added to what is called our scientific Literature during the third quarter of this century and its now current fourth, that, perhaps, no officer of the College will thank me for the suggestion.

8. Harvey fully realized the value to be attached to the "conclusions to which others had come who had looked" at facts for themselves; but he adds, "he who truly

3 Introd, to Ex. on Gen., p. 153. 33 Of the Humours, p. 557. 37 Epistle Dedicatory, p. 146. 36 Intr. to Ex. on Gen. p. 152. 38 Dedic. to R.C I. of Thesis on the Motion of the Heart and Blood, p. 6.


text:
Page:The Harveian oration - delivered at the Royal College of Physicians, London, on October 18, 1884 (IA b21778929).pdf/40

 desires to be informed. . . ." must be held bound to look for himself.... for "it is our duty to approve or disapprove, to receive or reject, everything only after the most eareful examination ... to examine, to test whether anything has been well or ill advanced, to ascertain whether some false- hood does not lurk under a proposition. it is imperative on us to bring it to the proof of such, and to admit it or reject it on the decision of such."

9. In much of his writing, Harvey was both humorous and eloquent, and he could exhibit high indignation when he dealt with his detractors, yet "to return evil speaking with evil speaking" he held "to be unworthy in a philo- sopher and a searcher after truth." The passage, however, that follows this, shows that Harvey could (as Sir Anthony Absolute did), if he were tempted to do so, use "strong language;" for he comforts Riolanus by assuring him that "it cannot be helped that dogs bark, and vomit their foul stomachs, or that eynies should be numbered among philo- sophers; but care must be taken that they do not bite or inoculate their mad humour, or with their dog's teeth gnaw the bones and foundations of truth; "40 but we must re- member that this was not said to his detractors, but only of them; said to his friend Riolanus; and, moreover, it was said in Latin, and that makes all the difference !

But with the exception of a few scattered passages of just wrath, Harvey was always dignified, lenient, and calm. He was, as his contemporary Ent said of him, "beyond all praise," and it may be justly repeated of him, when regarding the strength and gentleness of his great heart :-

"He has outsoared the shadow of our night, Envy and calumny, and hate and pain, And that unrest which men miscall delight, Can touch him not and torture not again."

39 On the Circulation, p. 131. 40 Ibid. p. 110.


text:
Author:Richard Caton

Works

 * The Harveian Oration 1904

title: Author:Richard Caton


text: Page:Report of the Commission of Enquiry North Borneo & Sarawak.pdf/25


text: Index:The Harveian oration 1904.djvu

title: Index:The Harveian oration 1904.djvu


text:
Page:Seventh Report - Guns for gold- the Wagner Network exposed.pdf/28

Rh

24. The African Union has long sought to eliminate the “scourge” of mercenarism within the continent of Africa of the type exemplified by the Wagner Network. However, despite this multilateral commitment, there is a lack of will from some individual member states to reverse the proliferation of Wagner activities across the continent of Africa.

25. '''There is a significant gap between perception and capability when it comes to the Wagner Network. Despite the continued belief by some that inviting them into a country will result in benefits, the reality is that regimes pay a high price for working with the Wagner Network. The original outcomes are rarely achieved. During the past 10 years, Wagner fighters have left behind a trail of atrocities in virtually all theatres where they have operated, with limited accountability. They may present themselves as a highly trained, professional fighting force but their indiscipline, their excessive violence and their financial motivation mean that the network has functioned like an'''


text:
Page:The rise of physiology in England - the Harveian oration delivered before the Royal College of Physicians, October 18th, 1895 (IA b24974778).pdf/24

 Harvey, by a chain of close and acute reasoning, drawn from direct experiments, and from ob- servations on the pulsation in aneurysms and in vessels distal to aneurysmal dilatations and to portions of rigid and calcified arteries, demon- strated once for all that the motion and con- traction of the heart was the main, though not the only cause of the pulse. (i)

Leaving, then, the Exercitatio Anatomica de Motu Cordis et Sanguinis, I wish to consider that which Harvey's discovery rendered pos- sible, the rise of physiology, more especially in Englaud, and the part which Harvey himself took in founding it.

It must be always borne in mind that but a portion of Harvey's work has come down to us. We gather from his extant writings that he had collected materials for, if not composed and completed, the following treatises :-Observa- tiones de Usu Tienis; Observationes de Motu Locali; Tractatus Physiologicus de Amore Libidine el Coitu Animalium. We do not know how far advanced his Medical Observations, to which he makes frequent references; his dis- quisitions on the Cause, Uses, and Organs of Respiration; his Medical Anatomy, or Anatomy


text:
Page:The rise of physiology in England - the Harveian oration delivered before the Royal College of Physicians, October 18th, 1895 (IA b24974778).pdf/54

 and onelie of swellings or apostems, and in the Winter to dissect the trunke ouelie of the Bodie, namelie from the head to the lowest part where the members are, and to handle the muscles especiallie.

"The Third yeare to read of Wounds onelie of Tagaultius, and in Winter to make publike dissection of the head onelic.

"The Fourth yeure to read of ulcers onelic the same author, and to anatomize or dissect a leg and an arme for the knowledge of muscles, sinews, arteries, veins, gristles, ligaments and tendons.

"The Fift yeare to read the first book of Paulus Egineta, and in Winter to make anatomie of a skeleton, and therewith all to shew and declare the use of certeine instruments; as Scamnum Hippocratis, and other instruments for setting in of bones.

"The sixt yeure to read Holerius of the matter of Surgerie, as of Medicines for Surgians to use.

"And the seventh yeare to begin againe, and continue still: A godlie and charitable erection doubtlesse, such as was the more needful, as hitherto hath beene the want and lacke so hurtfull: Sith that onelie in ech universities by the foundation of the ordi- narie and publike lessons, then in one of Physicke, but none of Surgerie, and this onclic of Surgerie and not of Physicke, I mean so as Physicke is now taken separatelie from Surgerie, and that part which onelie useth the hand as it is sorted from the Apothe- carie.

"So that now England may reioise for these happie bene- factors & singular Well wiliers to their Countrie, who furnish hir so in all respects, that now she may as compare for the know- ledge of physicke, so by means to come to it, with France, Italie. and Spaine, and in no case behind them but for a Lecture in simples, which God at his pleasure may procure, in mooving some hert after like motion and instinct to be as carefull and beneficiall as these were to the helpe and furtherance of their countrie.

"At the publication of this foundation, which was celebrated with a goodlie assemblic of Doctors, Collegiats, and Licentiats, as


text:
Page:The rise of physiology in England - the Harveian oration delivered before the Royal College of Physicians, October 18th, 1895 (IA b24974778).pdf/64

 chap. iii, pp. 25 and 26. The Second Disquisition to Riolanus, pp. 112 and 113, 135.

Note k, p. 23.

Exercises lxvii and lxviii, pp. 477, 478, 479. These repeated examinations of the uterus of the hind and doe were made on animals given to Harvey for the purpose by the king,

Note 1, p. 23.

Harvey gives us the arguments, or at least some of them, in the Essay on Conception, where this view is broached at length; and the creations, as he terms them, of the uterus are compared with creations of the brain (vide p. 577). His arguments are not very strong, but the whole essay on conception is conceived in a Platonic rather than an Aristotelian spirit.

Note m, p. 23.

The words of Harvey which approach nearest to this aphorisin are nos autem asserimus (ut ex dicendis constabit) omnia om- nino animalia, etiam vivipara, atque hominem etiam ipsum, ex ovo progigni" (Exercise I). Vide on this point Dr. Arthur Farre's Harveian Oration in 1872. Dr. Farre is, I think, the only Harveian orator who has treated at length with the De Genera- tione Animalium.

Note 2, p. 25.

Exercise xli. And he goes on to remark, "And yet these ani- mals are supposed to have arisen spontaneously or from decompo- sition, because their ova are nowhere to be found. This exercise concludes with a remarkable passage concerning epidemic and contagious diseases, in which Harvey distinctly foreshadows the doctrine that epidemic, contagious, and pestilential diseases are propagated through the air by bodies multiplying themselves by a kind of generation."


text:
Page:The rise of physiology in England - the Harveian oration delivered before the Royal College of Physicians, October 18th, 1895 (IA b24974778).pdf/34

 warmer any part is the greater its supply of blood; or otherwise, where the blood is in the largest quantity, there also is the heat the highest."

The Prelectiones are but notes to assist Harvey whilst lecturing, and it is therefore impossible to know what interpretation to place on them, but I think it highly probable that in the course of years Harvey, as his physiolo- gical knowledge increased, modified his views of the connection between animal heat and the heart, for in the Prelectiones he speaks of the heart as the fons totius caloris, and calls it are et domicilium caloris, from which it appears that in 1616 he still held the Aristotelian opinion of the heart being the source of heat.

No portion of the Prelectiones show more strikingly the closeness of Harvey's observa- tion, the amount of his knowledge, and the acumen of his reasoning than that relating to the exposition of the anatomy and the func- tions of the lungs. In his description of them and the pleuræ he makes constant references to their morbid anatomy and their embryonic condition. IIe is evidently in doubt whether the lungs expand and contract from their


text:
Page:The rise of physiology in England - the Harveian oration delivered before the Royal College of Physicians, October 18th, 1895 (IA b24974778).pdf/44

 sented themselves to him, keeping the peculiar and constant phenomena apart from the ac- cidental and adventitious, and laying aside all hypotheses as to their nature, which enabled Sydenham to draw up those pictures of gout, dropsy, and fever which will remain classical for all time, and justly entitle him to be called the modern Hippocrates. From Ilarvey's phy- siological teaching, and from clinical observa- tions carried on in the spirit of Sydenham, our present knowledge of disease became possible. Harvey's work and writings had no direct influence on Sydenham; the latter makes no reference anywhere to Harvey, nor does he seem, in his treatise on Dropsy, written in 1683, to have seen the bearing which Lower's ex- periments, made fourteen years previously, of ligature of the veins, had on dropsy. (a) Sydenham considered "weakness of the blood to be the sole cause of dropsy, and throughout his writings he nowhere alludes to the phy- siology of the tissues. He quotes Hippocrates with approval, as blaming those who in their exceeding curiosity and officiousness busied themselves in speculations on the human frame; and whilst admitting that more than one


text:
Page:The rise of physiology in England - the Harveian oration delivered before the Royal College of Physicians, October 18th, 1895 (IA b24974778).pdf/14

 the genial and liberal donor and his valued friend, but may accomplish the object of the giver and lead to future discoveries by which the ravages of tuberculous disease may be con- trolled and abated, if not altogether prevented.

It may interest the College to know that the subject selected for the first competition is "The Means, Prophylactic or Curative, deemed by the Author to have Value in the Control of Tuberculosis, especial regard being had to their Application to Human Tuberculosis."

I should like to pause here to set before you at somewhat greater length the useful, pure, and unselfish life of Dr. Parkes, and to recall to your memory the excellence of his scientific work in connection with the ingestion and elimination of nitrogen in the system, as well as to draw your attention to the benefits which our naval and military services and the general public have received from his labours in the field of hygiene; but I must pass on now, and content myself with thus briefly alluding to the munificent gift of Dr. Hermann Weber and the memory of Edmund Alexander Parkes.¹

Dr. Parkes died of acute general tuberculosis, March 15th, 1876.


text:
Page:Zelda Kahan - Karl Marx His Life And Teaching (1918).pdf/17

 writings. Originally it was intended as the first instalment of a complete work on Political Economy; later this plan was abandoned and the substance of the Critique was summarised in the first volume of Capital (published eight years afterwards), the two other volumes being edited by Engels after the death of Marx.

Obviously it is impossible, in the present small pamphlet, to enter into a discussion of Marx's economic theories. We can only confine ourselves to a bare outline of the fundamental ideas underlying Marx's treatment of his subject. The whole question is dealt with by Marx from an historical, concrete point of view. Indeed, his economics is only a particular application of his general philosophic, historical theory to the economic structure of the capitalist system. When he treats of labour, of value, of capital, of property, he does not discuss these things merely in the abstract, as entities in themselves, for they have, and can have, no meaning for us when divorced from social relations. Unlike the bourgeois economists before him, he did not accept the prevailing economic system as the final and only natural system. He regarded it as one stage in the development of society, and he set out to define the relation between labour and capital and the inevitable results of the progress in the modes of production.

Under the capitalist system, unlike the systems which preceded it, a man's wealth does not consist in the number of articles of comfort or use to himself which he may possess. The distinctive feature of capitalist production, which gives it its peculiar character is that things are produced not for the satisfaction of the needs of the producer or even of the employer, but fur the sole purpose of exchange. The things produced are wares and merchandise or, in the economic term, commodities. And since the wealth of capitalist society "presents itself as an immense accumulation of commodities, our investigation must therefore begin with the analysis of the commodity."

Marx therefore goes into an exhaustive analysis of a commodity, and finds that, apart from having a use value, that is, being ultimately useful for the consumption or


text: Hallowe'en Merrymaking

title: Hallowe'en Merrymaking


text:
Page:Travels in West Africa, Congo Français, Corisco and Cameroons (IA travelsinwestafr00kingrich).pdf/51

 to the climate, the latter to my kind friends, Mr. Batty, and Mr. and Mrs. Dennis Kemp. I was taken round the grand stone-built houses with their high stone-walled yards and sculpture-decorated gateways, built by the merchants of the last century and of the century before, and through the great rambling stone castle with its water-tanks cut in the solid rock beneath it, and its commodious accommodation for slaves awaiting shipment, now almost as obsolete as the guns it mounts, but not quite so, for these cool and roomy chambers serve to house the native constabulary and their extensive families.

This being done, I was taken up an unmitigated hill, on whose summit stands Fort William, a pepper-pot-like structure now used as a lighthouse. Our peregrinations having been carried on under a fancy temperature, I was inclined to drink in the beauty of this building from a position at its base, and was looking round for a shady spot to sit down in, when my intentions were ruthlessly frustrated by my companions, who would stop at nothing short of its summit, where I eventually found myself. The view was exceedingly lovely and extensive. Beneath, and between us and the sea, lay the town in the blazing sun. In among its solid stone buildings patches of native mud-built huts huddled together as though they had been shaken down out of a sack into the town to serve as dunnage. Then came the snow-white surf wall, and across it the blue sea with our steamer rolling to and fro on the long, regular swell, impatiently waiting until Sunday should be over and she could work cargo. Round us on all the other sides were wooded hills and valleys, and away in the distance to the west showed the white town and castle of Elmina and the nine-mile road thither, skirting the surf-bound seashore, only broken on its level way by the mouth of the Sweet River. Over all was the brooding silence of the noonday heat, broken only by the dulled thunder of the surf.

After seeing these things we started down stairs, and on reaching ground descended yet lower into a sort of stone-walled dry moat, out of which opened clean, cool, cellar-like chambers tunnelled into the earth. These, I was informed,


text:
Page:Prachum Phongsawadan (01) 2457.djvu/147

 In the year 748, the Year of the Tiger (1929 BE), [His Divine Highness] went to take Chiang Mai Town, and He ordered [his soldiers] to approach and seize Nakhon Lamphang Town to no avail. He then devised a missive and sent it in to Muen Nakhon, lord of Nakhon Lamphang Town. That lord of Nakhon Lamphang Town thus came out to offer homage. Then the royal host returned.

 ' Twas the year 750, the Year of the Dragon (1931 BE), when [His Divine Highness] went to take Chakangrao Town. On that occasion, His Divine Highness Borommarachathirat the Lord fell heavily ill and set back. As He reached the middle of His route, His Divine Highness Borommarachathirat the Lord entered nirvana, and His child, Chao Thonglan, was able to assume kingship of the Divine City of Glorious Ayutthaya for seven days, whereupon His Divine Highness Ramesuan marched His men in from Lop Buri Town and ascended to kingship over the Divine City of Glorious Ayutthaya, and He then had Chao Thonglan put to death.

In the year 757, the Year of the Pig (1938 BE), His Divine Highness Ramesuan the Lord entered nirvana. So His royal son, Chaophaya Ram, assumed kingship.

In the year 771, the Year of the Ox (1952 BE), His Highness Phaya Ram the Lord kindled His ire against Lord Commander and He ordered arrest of Lord Commander. Lord Commander made good his escape and crossed over to take up quarters on the side of Patha Khu Cham. Then Lord Commander sent to invite His Divine Highness Intharacha the Lord to come from Suphan Buri Town, telling Him that he would march men in to take the Divine City of Glorious Ayutthaya as His present. And as His Divine Highness Intharacha arrived truly, Lord Commander marched his men in to seize the Divine City of Glorious Ayutthaya successfully. So His Divine Highness Intharacha the Lord was invited to ascend to kingship, and He then sent His Highness Phaya Ram the Lord to administer the town of Patha Khu Cham.

In the year 781, the Year of the Pig (1962 BE), there came tidings that His Divinity Mahathammarachathirat the Lord had entered nirvana and all the northern towns fell into tumult, and so [His Divine Highness]


text: Index:Pollution Prevention and Control Act 1999.pdf


text:
Page:Travels in West Africa, Congo Français, Corisco and Cameroons (IA travelsinwestafr00kingrich).pdf/52

 had also been constructed to keep slaves in when they were the staple export of the Gold Coast. They were so refreshingly cool that I lingered looking at them and their massive doors, ere being marched up to ground level again, and down the hill through some singularly awful stenches, mostly arising from rubber, into the big Wesleyan church in the middle of the town. It is a building in the terrible Africo-Gothic style, but it compares most favourably with the cathedral at Sierra Leone, particularly internally, wherein, indeed, it far surpasses that structure. And then we returned to the Mission House and spent a very pleasant evening, save for the knowledge (which amounted in me to remorse) that, had it not been for my edification, not one of my friends would have spent the day toiling about the town they know only too well. Mr. Dennis Kemp was chairman and superintendent of the Wesleyan Mission on the Gold Coast when I was last there, and he had filled this important position for some time. This is the largest and most influential Protestant mission on the West Coast of Africa, and it is now, I am glad to say, adding a technical department to its scholastic and religious one. The Basel Mission has done a great deal of good work in giving technical instruction to the natives, and practically started this most important branch of their education. There is still an almost infinite amount of this work to be done, the African being so strangely deficient in mechanical culture; infinitely more so, indeed, in this than in any other particular. All the other Protestant missions are following the Basel Mission's lead, and, recognising that a good deal of their failure arises from a want of this practical side in their instruction, are now starting technical schools the Church of England in Sierra Leone, the Wesleyans on the Gold Coast, and the Presbyterians in Calabar.

In some of these technical schools the sort of instruction given is, to my way of thinking, ill-advised; arts of no immediate or great use in the present culture-condition of West Africa—such as printing, book-binding, and tailoring—being taught. But this is not the case under the Wesleyans, who also teach smith's work, carpentering, bricklaying, waggon-


text:
Page:The Recluse by W Paul Cook.djvu/31

 “Black Mass”; whilst operating toward the same end we may note the activities of those whose aims were somewhat more scientific or philosophical—the astrologers, cabbalists, and alchemists of the Albertus Magnus or Raymond Lully type, with whom such rude ages invariably abound. The prevalence and depth of the mediæval horror-spirit in Europe, intensified by the dark despair which waves of pestilence brought, may be fairly gauged by the grotesque carvings slyly introduced into much of the finest later Gothic ecclesiastical work of the time; the dæmoniac gargoyles of Notre Dame and Mont St. Michel being among the most famous specimens. And throughout the period, it must be remembered, there existed amongst educated and uneducated alike a most unquestioning faith in every form of the supernatural; from the gentlest doctrines of Christianity to the most monstrous morbidities of witchcraft and black magic. It was from no empty background that the Renaissance magicians and alchemists—Nostradamus, Trithemius, Dr. John Dee, Robert Fludd, and the like—were born.

In this fertile soil were nourished types and characters of sombre myth and legend which persist in weird literature to this day, more or less disguised or altered by modern technique. Many of them were taken from the earliest oral sources, and form part of mankind’s permanent heritage. The shade which appears and demands the burial of its bones, the demon lover who comes to bear away his still living bride, the death-fiend or psychopomp riding the night-wind, the man-wolf, the sealed chamber, the deathless sorcerer—all these may be found in that curious body of mediæval lore which the late Mr. Baring-Gould so effectively assembled in book form. Wherever the mystic Northern blood was strongest, the atmosphere of the popular tales became most intense; for in the Latin races there is a touch of basic rationality which denies to even their strangest superstitions many of the overtones of glamour so characteristic of our own forest-born and ice-fostered whisperings.

Just as all fiction first found extensive embodiment in poetry, so is it in poetry that we first encounter the permanent entry of the weird into standard literature. Most of the ancient instances, curiously enough, are in prose; as the werewolf incident in Petronius, the gruesome passages in Apuleius, the brief but celebrated letter of Pliny the Younger to Sura, and the odd compilation On Wonderful Events by the Emperor Hadrian’s Greek freedman, Phlegon. It is in Phlegon that we first find that hideous tale of the corpse-bride, Philinnion And Machates, later related by Proclus and in modern times forming the inspiration of Goethe’s Bride Of Corinth and Washington Irving’s German Student. But by the time the old Northern myths take literary form, and in that later time when the weird appears as a steady element in the literature of the day, we find it mostly in metrical dress; as indeed we find the greater part of the strictly imaginative writing of the Middle Ages and Renaissance. The Scandinavian Eddas and Sagas thunder with cosmic horror, and shake with the stark fear of Ymir and his shapeless spawn; whilst our own Anglo-Saxon Beowulf and the later Continental Nibelung tales are full of eldritch weirdness. Dante is a pioneer in the classic capture of macabre atmosphere, and in Spenser’s stately stanzas will be seen more than a few touches of fantastic terror in landscape, incident, and character. Prose literature gives us Malory’s Morte d’Arthur, in which are presented many ghastly situations taken from early ballad sources—the theft of the sword and silk from the corpse in Chapel Perilous by Sir Launcelot, the ghost of Sir Gawaine, and the tomb-fiend seen by Sir Galahad—whilst other and cruder specimens were doubtless set forth in the cheap and sensational “chapbooks” vulgarly hawked about and devoured by the ignorant. In Elizabethan drama, with its Dr. Faustus, the witches in Macbeth, the ghost in Hamlet, and the horrible gruesomeness of Webster, we may easily discern the strong hold of the dæmoniac on the public mind; a hold intensified by the very real fear of living witchcraft, whose terror, first wildest on the Continent, begin to echo loudly in English ears as the witch-hunting crusades of James the First gain headway. To the lurking mystical prose of the ages is added a long line of treatise on witchcraft and dæmonology which aid in exciting the imagination of the reading world.

title: Page:The Recluse by W Paul Cook.djvu/31


text:
Page:Travels in West Africa, Congo Français, Corisco and Cameroons (IA travelsinwestafr00kingrich).pdf/53

 building, &c. Alas! none of the missions save the Roman Catholic teach the thing that it is most important the natives should learn, in the face of the conditions that European government of the Coast has induced, namely, improved methods of agriculture, and plantation work.

The Wesleyan Mission has only four white ministers here. Native ministers there are seventeen, and the rest of the staff is entirely native, consisting of 70 Catechists, 144 day school teachers, 386 Sunday-school teachers, and 405 local preachers. The total number of fully accredited members of this sect in 1893 was stated in the Gold Coast Annual to be 7,066.

The total amount of money raised by this mission on the Gold Coast in 1893 was £5,338 14s. 9d. This is a very remarkable sum and most creditable to the native members of the sect, for almost all the other native Christian bodies are content to be in a state of pauperised dependency on British subscriptions. The headquarters of the Wesleyan Mission were, up to last year, at Cape Coast, but now they have been removed to Aburi on the hills some twenty-six miles behind Accra, and Cape Coast is no longer the head-quarters of any governmental or religious affair. The Government removed to Accra from Cape Coast several years ago, on account of the great unhealthiness of the latter place and in the hope that Accra would prove less fatal. Unfortunately this hope has not been realised; moreover the landing at Accra is worse than at Cape Coast, and the supply of fresh water very poor.

Accra is one of the five West Coast towns that look well from the sea. The others don't look well from anywhere. First in order of beauty comes San. Paul de Loanda; then Cape Coast with its satellite Elmina, then Gaboon, then Accra with its satellite Christiansborg, and lastly, Sierra Leone.

What there is of beauty in Accra is oriental in type. Seen from the sea, Fort St. James on the left and Christiansborg Castle on the right, both almost on shore level, give, with an outcrop of sandy dwarf cliffs, a certain air of balance and strength to the town, though but for these and the two old castles, Accra would be but a poor place and a flimsy, for the


text:
Page:The plastic age, (IA plasticage00mark).pdf/154

136 enjoyable teacher he had had. The others wer conscientious, more or less competent, but ther was little enthusiasm in their teaching, nothing t make a freshman eager either to attend their classe or to study the lessons they assigned. They di not make the acquiring of knowledge a thrilling e^ perience; they made it a duty—and Hugh foun that duty exceedingly irksome.

He attended neither the fraternity dance nor tb Prom. He had looked forward enthusiastically t the “house dance,” but after he had, along wit the other men in his delegation, cleaned the housi from garret to basement, he suddenly took to h: bed with grippe. He groaned with despair whe Carl gave him glowing accounts of the dance aril the “janes.” Carl for once, however, was circun spect; he did not tell Hugh all that happened. H would have been hard put to explain his own ret cence, but although he thought “the jane who g< pie-eyed” had been enormously funny, he decide^ not to tell Hugh about her or the pie-eye brothers.

No freshman was allowed to attend the Prorj but along wTith the other men who were n’t “draf ging women” Hugh walked the streets and watchef the girls. There was a tea-dance at the fraternii house during Prom week. Hugh said that he g< a great kick out of it, but, as a matter of fact, If remained only a short time; there was a hectic qua


text:
Page:The plastic age, (IA plasticage00mark).pdf/202

182 man, what’s the matter? Anything wrong wi your mother? You ’re not sick, are you?”

Carl laughed, briefly, bitterly. “Yes, I’m si< all right. I’m sick.”

Hugh, worried, looked at him seriously. “Wh what’s the matter? I didn’t know that yc were n’t feeling well.”

Carl looked at the rug and muttered, “You r member those rats we picked up in Hastings?”

“Yes?”

“Well, I know of seven fellows they ’ve se home.”

“What!” Hugh cried, his eyes wide with horrc “You don’t mean that you—that you—”

“I mean exactly that,” Carl replied in a low, fl voice. He rose and moved to the other side of ti room. “I mean exactly that; and Doc Conne agrees with me,” he added sarcastically. Th more softly, “He’s got to tell the dean. That why I ’m going home.”

Hugh was swept simultaneously by revulsion ai sympathy. “God, I’m sorry,” he exclaime “Oh, Carl, I’m so damn sorry.”

Carl was standing by Hugh’s desk, his han clenched, his lips compressed. “Keep my junk,” said unevenly, “and sell anything you want to if y live in the house next year.”

“But you ’ll be back?”


text:
Page:The plastic age, (IA plasticage00mark).pdf/128

112 he knew that with a little effort he could have “pulled” an A. The remainder of his grades were C’s and D’s, mostly D’s. He felt almost as much ashamed as Freddy Dickson, who somehow had n’t “got going” and had been flunked out. Carl re¬ ceived nothing less than a C, and his record made Hugh more ashamed of his own. Carl never seemed to study, but he had n’t disgraced himself

Hugh spent many bitter hours thinking about hh record. What would his folks think? Worse what would they say? Finally he wrote to them

Dear Mother and Dad: I have just found out my grades. be sent to you later. record is n’t so hot. I think that they wil Well, I did n’t flunk out but nr Only two of my grades are any goods I got a B in English and Math but the others are all C" and D’s. I know that you will be ashamed of me and I ’n awfully sorry. I’ve thought of lots of excuses to writ! to you, but I guess I won’t write them. did n’t study hard enough. I know that I had too much fun.

I promise you that I ’ll do better next time. that I can. I kno Please don’t scold me.

Lots of love,

Hugh.

All that his mother wrote in reply was, “O course, you will do better next time.” The kino ness hurt dreadfully. Hugh wished that she ha scolded him.


text:
Page:NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE SURVEY 18; CZECHOSLOVAKIA; THE SOCIETY CIA-RDP01-00707R000200110015-7.pdf/11

 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2009/06/16: CIA-RDP01-00707R000200110015-7

and to a slightly less degree in the Slovak, tenacity of purpose combines with the pragmatism and prudence of the shrewd negotiator.

Both Slovaks and Czechs have a strong egalitarian outlook. Class differences have never been very pronounced in the country, nor have there been great extremes in poverty and wealth. At the same time, however, there is class consciousness which is stronger among Slovaks than Czechs.

Czechoslovak values and attitudes are typically middle class. The Czechs in particular place a high premium on economic independence and personal security. Since to amass material possessions requires hard work, diligence, and ability, these characteristics are much admired and encouraged among the young. And since security is so important in the scale of values, personal characteristics that preserve security are also greatly valued, such as stoicism, adaptation to difficulties, and compliance.

The Communists have persistently tired to obliterate the nation's democratic heritage, to disrupt traditional ties with the West, and to isolate the people from anti-Communist influences. The government has systematically vilified those principles of humanistic liberalism which were the hallmark of the founder of the Czechoslovak state, Tomas G. Masaryk. To supplant individual thought with collective action, the regime has involved most of the population on a more or less compulsory basis in a busy organizational life in state-sponsored mass organizations. Czechs and Slovaks, however, still maintain traditional attitudes and values despite governmental and party pressures and indoctrination attempts.

Deeply rooted anti-German and, to a lesser extent, anti-Hungarian sentiments persist among some segments of the population. Among members of the younger generation, however, West Germany appears as a model of material well-being and efficiency and thus anti-German prejudices surface more with respect to East Germans than West Germans. Recent efforts by the government to normalize relations with West Germany have considerably muted anti-German sentiments.

Prior to the Communist takeover Czechoslovaks usually sought support for their aspirations from the Western democracies, particularly France, Great Britain, and the United States. Pan-Slavism and the tendency to look to the Russians for support and leadership was a minor element in Czechoslovak history, and only after the post-Munich disillusionment with the West did the Czechoslovaks turn increasingly to the U.S.S.R. for support. However, the sympathetic attitude of many Czechoslovaks toward their brother Slavs of the Soviet Union has gradually changed to hostility as a result of the brutish behavior of Soviet troops who liberated Czechoslovakia in 1945, the Soviet-directed communization of Czechoslovakia after 1948, and, more dramatically and extensively, because of the 1968 Soviet-led invasion.

C. Population (U/OU)

Czechoslovakia's population, estimated at 14,563,000 at midyear 1973, has been slowly increasing since the vast population shifts between 1938 and 1950. Among the six Warsaw Pact nations of Eastern Europe, Czechoslovakia ranks fourth in total population; however, only East Germany has a greater population density. Like Eastern Europe in general, Czechoslovakia has a lower density than most nations of Western Europe.

The rate of population growth has been fairly slow throughout the 20th century. Natural increase in present-day Czechoslovakia was high in the early 20th century, but emigration, particularly to the United States, Austria, and Hungary, was heavy. In the interwar period, emigration was sharply reduced but the birth rate sharply declined also. Czechoslovakia had relatively few military losses during World War II but other population changes, including the decimation of the Jewish population under the German occupation and the expulsion of almost 3 million Germans between 1945 and 1950, reduced the 1950 population to 12,338,000, or about the same level as in 1900. Following the large postwar shifts of population, migration to and from Czechoslovakia has been small. In the early 1950's immigrants outnumbered emigrants slightly, but since then this movement has been reversed. Some German emigrants have been permitted to move to West Germany to join relatives. Following the Warsaw Pact invasion of August 1968, according to official figures, about 20,000 persons emigrated between August 1968 and the end of 1970; other sources, however, estimate that as many as 80,000 Czechoslovaks fled the country because of the threat of political repression. (Even this figure is considered low by some in view of the possibility of relatively free travel to the West which ended only some months after the 1968 invasion.) The efforts of the Husak regime to coax them back through amnesties met with little success, and in early 1970 the government began confiscating their homes and property. A new amnesty was granted to all political exiles in early 1973 as part of a move to gain greater public support for the government.

Czechoslovakia's birth rate was not appreciably affected by World War II and was higher immediately

5

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2009/06/16: CIA-RDP01-00707R000200110015-7


text:
Page:The Mating of the Blades.djvu/62

was known from Wall Street to Bartholomew Lane, from the Rue Lafitte to the Nevsky Pospekt, from the cotton exchange of New Orleans to the wool exchange of Melbourne, that there was no love lost between the two Land Development Kings, Mr. Ezra W. Warburton of New York City and Mr. Preserved Higgins of the British Empire in general. Not that their mutual antipathy was in any way national, international rather, since a good half of the former's backers were British, while the latter's financial co-defendants were as often as not from the more exuberant sections of the United States, Chicago and San Francisco and Seattle and Kansas City.

Their enmity, though it affected their business relations, had not even been caused by a business quarrel, but by a fundamental difference in character—and that codified outgrowth of character called breeding. Destined ultimately to become as notorious, and quite as destructive, as the Harriman-Hill feud, it had started at the occasion of a dinner given by the great Paris banker, M. Adolphe Bischoffsheim, with the intention of bringing the two together, during which, in a hilarious mood which was both alcoholic and atavistic,

title: Page:The Mating of the Blades.djvu/62


text:
Page:The Mating of the Blades.djvu/63

 the eccentric Cockney-South-African millionaire had poured a bottle of vintage champagne over the New Yorker's bald, dignified head, exclaiming:

“'Erewith I baptize you Hemperor of Dollars and Cents! Drink 'earty, cocky!”

Warburton had never forgotten the “outrageous insult,” as he styled it, had fought the other tooth and nail since then, in many a Homeric, financial battle, and had refused ever to see him again, Mr. Preserved Higgins retaliating in kind. Both men were cursed with a full-blown vanity, the result of their too-big success. In both, the selfish battle for ever more money and power had finally left no room for any outside interests, for abstract enthusiasms or abstract ideals; and it is an interesting commentary on modern financial history to consider that the congenital pettiness of the two commercial giants—for they were giants—had turned their passionate, even admirable crusade after success and might into a mean wreaking of personal malice, with the public and similar small fry paying the piper as often as not.

When Mr. Preserved Higgins arrived at the Savoy, he knew better than to have himself announced, since he was sure that the American would not see him on any pretext. Instead, by the indirect method of his chauffeur and a subsidized boy in buttons, he found out the number of his rival's suite, and went upstairs, rather an odd figure with his russet, crumb-spotted beard and his choice of attire which, from rainproof burberry coat to galoshes, was gloomily barometric and rationally Londonesque.

title: Page:The Mating of the Blades.djvu/63


text:
Page:The Mating of the Blades.djvu/64

Fourteen was the number of the Warburton's apartment, and Mr. Preserved Higgins pressed his ear against the keyhole.

Three voices drifted through—Mr. Warburton's measured, rather pompous accents, a woman's, presumably his daughter's, and Hector Wade's. Whereupon the millionaire, without more ado, opened the door, which was unlocked, with a hearty “Wot-ho! O'Connor, old socks!” looked for the mythical O'Connor, found him not at all, mumbled lying words about having come to the wrong room, waved an apologetic hand, and made as if to retrace his steps.

It was at this moment, evidently for the first time, he seemed to become aware of the younger man's identity, and, having heard from the sharp-eared gentle man with the sandy hair that Hector, back in the alley near St. Katherine, had chosen Charles Smith as a nom de guerre, it was natural that Mr. Preserved Higgins should come out with a part hearty, part surprised “'Ullo, Wade! An' wot are you doin' 'ere, 'obnobbin' with the Hemperor of Dollars and Cents and 'er Royal 'Ighness the Crown Princess?”

He had guessed exactly right.

For, “Wade?” exclaimed the girl. “Why, I thought you said your name was Smith?”

Hector turned a deep red. He stammered something about it being rather hard to explain, and Mr. Preserved Higgins decided that now was the psychological, also the logical, moment to play trumps.

Quite dignifiedly, he turned to the American who, during the preceding, had maintained a stony silence,

title: Page:The Mating of the Blades.djvu/64


text:
Page:The Mating of the Blades.djvu/65

 satisfying himself with pointing steadily and meaningly at the door after he had recognized his impromptu visitor.

“'Arf a mo', Mr. Warburton,” began the Cockney.

“Yes, Mr.—oh—Higgins?”—chillily.

“Mr. Warburton,” went on the other, “I bloomin' well knows that you don't like me worth a blarsted damn—if the lydy will forgive my French—and I can't say as I would die of 'eart failure if you'd kick the bucket to-morrow, nor ain't I denyin' as I'd jolly well do you a 'ole lot in the heye if I 'ad 'arf a fair chance. But”—he continued with a magnificent lack of logic—“I ain't the sort to bear a grudge. Not me, so 'elp me! And so I sez to you that if this 'ere Wade or Smith or Brown or Robinson or wotever 'e calls 'is bleedin' self is tryin' to get you into a jolly little gyme of two 'anded poker, my advice to you is wot Punch sed to the young fellow about to be married: “Don't! Because 'e's a thimblerigger—a lousy card sharp! 'E pl'ys with marked cards, see?”

Mr. Preserved Higgins never knew how near to death he was at that moment. For, suddenly, all sobering impulses had ebbed away from Hector's brain, leaving it vacant and dry and crimson, bringing him to the very abyss of raving, tearing, killing brutality.

Just as suddenly he controlled himself. He relaxed his bunched muscles, unclenched his fists. He had promised his father that he would carry on the old tradition of the Wades of Dealle, that, to the end of life, he would bear his brother's guilt. He was helpless, and he knew it.

title: Page:The Mating of the Blades.djvu/65


text:
Page:The Mating of the Blades.djvu/66

But, instinctively, his eyes sought the girl's.

“What—what do you mean?” she stammered, simultaneously with her father's “Mr. Wade! Or—Smith! Will you kindly …”

“Explain?” sneered Mr. Preserved Higgins. “There ain't such a bloomin' lot to explain. I tell you 'e's been kicked out of 'is club and drummed out of 'is regiment and broken the 'eart of 'is dotin' father, the Earl of Dealle, not to mention my own 'eart, because 'e 'as cheated at cards!”

“Cheated whom?”

“Me!”

“Oh,” said the girl, “then it is a question of personal malice?”

“Call it wot you will, lydy. But it's the truth. Arsk 'is nibs 'imself if you don't believe me!”

And, to the girl's silent question—it was all in her eyes, the helpless, pitiful clasping of her narrow hands—Hector inclined his head and walked to the door. On the threshold he turned. He caught the girl's eye—it was moist with tears and a terrible, aching appeal.

Then words came to her.

“Is it true?” she asked.

“Yes,” Hector replied, steadily, and left the room, Mr. Preserved Higgins following.

Like a man in a dream, he walked downstairs, out of the hotel and into the street that stretched from the Embankment to the dim outlines of Parliament in a gentle curve of lights, when, at the corner, he was stopped by the Cockney millionaire.

“Wade,” said the latter, “now that you see that

title: Page:The Mating of the Blades.djvu/66


text:
Page:The Mating of the Blades.djvu/67

 you're bloomin' well down and bout, s'pose we talks business. I repeat wot I sed to the Hemperor of Dollars and Cents upstairs. I ain't the sort to bear a grudge. And I want to 'elp you myke your w'y in the world, and I can give you a tip 'ow to myke oodles of the ready—thousands and thousands of guineas—guineas, mark you, not pounds! I needs a young lad like you. You see, there's a country over in Asia called Tamerlanistan—and the young princess wot rules it …”

That's as far as he got.

For, at that very moment, the younger man's fist struck him square between the eyes. He dropped like a log; and, for several minutes, until the crimson-coated, gold-gallooned commissionaire of the Savoy Hotel dashed a glass of water in his face, Mr. Preserved Higgins was oblivious to everything except a motley and brilliant collection of shooting stars that suffused his brains; while Hector, employing tactics he had learned at rugger football, sidestepped a policeman and an intoxicated gentleman in evening dress, catapulted between two costermongers, a man-o'-war's man, three ladies with bedraggled ostrich plumes on on their hats, a Cheapside Hebrew who sold baked potatoes, and a sightseeing Wessex yeoman in velveteens, and beat a strategic retreat toward Soho.

It was now too late to return to the East India Docks and find out about passage to Calcutta; but he was more firmly resolved than ever that he must put as many miles as possible, not only between himself and England, the England of “county” and Belgravia and the Badminton Club and the Ninety-Second Dragoons

title: Page:The Mating of the Blades.djvu/67


text:
Page:The Mating of the Blades.djvu/68

 which, rightly as he added bitterly in his thoughts, had cast him out as a cad, but between himself and Jane Warburton. For, quite suddenly, and with a sort of savage, hurtful pride, he knew that he loved her, that he wanted and needed her, that she was dearer to him than the dwelling of kings. His love was as his hate, like Autumn rain, the kind which one does not see but which one feels, unceasing, penetrating, slightly chilling, and he knew that if she should ask him again: “Is it true? Did you cheat at cards?” there would be the terrible temptation to reply:

“No. I took the blame—before the world. But it was my brother Tollemache who marked the pack.”

And there was the promise he had given to his father, and all his stiff, surly, wiredrawn moral rectitude with which to back it up.

“I can never see her again!”

He said it with a loud voice, very much to the surprise, followed by ribald comments, of half-a-dozen cab drivers huddled around a coffee stand on the south side of Soho Square.

India!

There lay the solution. Now more than ever; and he went straight to his shabby hotel in Moor Street and made ready for bed.

The next moment he was face to face with a catastrophe. The fifty pounds, every penny he possessed in the world with the exception of a few shillings in his trousers, had disappeared from his coat.

His first impulse was to blame the roug

title: Page:The Mating of the Blades.djvu/68