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282 “The opening scene last night—the broadsword combat between two young amateurs and a famous Parthian gladiator who was sent here a prisoner—was very fine. The elder of the two young gentlemen handled his weapon with a grace that marked the possession of extraordinary talent. His feint of thrusting, followed instantly by a happily delivered blow which unhelmeted the Parthian, was received with hearty applause. He was not thoroughly up in the backhanded stroke, but it was very gratifying to his numerous friends to know that, in time, practice would have overcome this defect. However, he was killed. His sisters, who were present, expressed considerable regret. His mother left the Coliseum. The other youth maintained the contest with such spirit as to call forth enthusiastic bursts of applause. When at last he fell a corpse, his aged mother ran screaming, with hair disheveled and tears streaming from her eyes, and swooned away just as her hands were clutching at the railings of the arena. She was promptly removed by the police. Under the circumstances the woman’s conduct was pardonable, perhaps, but we suggest that such exhibitions interfere with the decorum which should be preserved during the performances, and are highly improper in the presence of the Emperor. The Parthian prisoner fought bravely and well; and well he might, for he was fighting for both life and liberty. His wife and children were there to nerve his arm with their love, and to remind him of the old home he should see again if he conquered. When his second assailant fell, the woman clasped her children to her breast and wept for joy. But it was only a transient happiness. The captive staggered toward her and she saw that the liberty he had earned was earned too late. He was wounded unto death. Thus the first act closed in a manner which was entirely satisfactory. The manager was called before the curtain and returned his thanks for the honor done him, in a speech which was replete with wit and humor, and closed by hoping that his humble efforts to afford cheerful and instructive entertainment would continue to meet with the approbation of the Roman public.

“The star now appeared, and was received with vociferous applause and the simultaneous waving of sixty thousand handkerchiefs. Marcus Marcellus Valerian (stage name—his real name is Smith,) is a splendid specimen of physical development, and an artist of rare merit. His management of the battle-ax is wonderful. His gayety and his playfulness are irresistible, in his comic parts, and yet they are inferior to his sublime conceptions in the grave realm of tragedy. When his ax was describing fiery circles about the heads of the bewildered barbarians, in exact time with his springing body and his prancing legs, the audience gave way to uncontrollable bursts of laughter; but when the back of his weapon broke the skull of one and almost in the same instant its edge clove the other’s body in twain, the howl of enthusiastic applause that shook the building, was the acknowledgment of a critical assemblage that he was a master of the noblest department of his profession. If he has a fault, (and we are sorry to even intimate that he has,) it is that of glancing at the audience, in the midst of the most exciting moments of the performance, as if seeking admiration. The pausing in a fight to bow when bouquets are thrown to him is also in bad taste. In the great left-handed combat he appeared to be looking at the audience half the time, instead of carving his adversaries; and when he had slain all the sophomores and was dallying with the freshman, he


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Rh

stooped and snatched a bouquet as it fell, and offered it to his adversary at a time when a blow was descending which promised favorably to be his death-warrant. Such levity is proper enough in the provinces, we make no doubt, but it ill suits the dignity of the metropolis. We trust our young friend will take these remarks in good part, for we mean them solely for his benefit. All who know us are aware that although we are at times justly severe upon tigers and martyrs, we never intentionally offend gladiators.

“The Infant Prodigy performed wonders. He overcame his four tiger whelps with ease, and with no other hurt than the loss of a portion of his scalp. The General Slaughter was rendered with a faithfulness to details which reflects the highest credit upon the late participants in it.

“Upon the whole, last night’s performances shed honor not/only upon the management but upon the city that encourages and sustains such wholesome and instructive entertainments. We would simply suggest that the practice of vulgar young boys in the gallery of shying peanuts and paper pellets at the tigers, and saying “Hi-yi!” and manifesting approbation or dissatisfaction by such observations as “Bully for the lion!” “Go it, Gladdy!” “Boots!” “Speech!” “Take a walk round the block!” and so on, are extremely reprehensible, when the Emperor is present, and ought to be stopped by the police. Several times last night, when the supernumeraries entered the arena to drag out the bodies, the young ruffians in the gallery shouted, “Supe! supe!” and also, “Oh, what a coat!” and “Why don't you pad them shanks?” and made use of various other remarks expressive of derision. These things are very annoying to the audience.

“A matinee for the little folks is promised for this afternoon, on which occasion several martyrs will be eaten by the tigers. The regular performance will continue every night till further notice. Material change of programme every evening. Benefit of Valerian, Tuesday, 29th, if he lives.”

I have been a dramatic critic myself, in my time, and I was often surprised to notice how much more I knew about Hamlet than Forrest did; and it gratifies me to observe, now, how much better my brethren of ancient times knew how a broadsword battle ought to be fought than the gladiators.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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O far, good. If any man has a right to feel proud of himself, and satisfied, surely it is I. For I have written about the Coliseum, and the gladiators, the martyrs, and the lions, and yet. have never once used the phrase “butchered to make a Roman holyday.” I am the only free white man of mature age, who has accomplished this since Byron originated the expression.

Butchered to make a Roman holyday sounds well for the first seventeen or eighteen hundred thousand times one sees it in print, but after that it begins to grow tiresome. I find it in all the books concerning Rome—and here latterly it reminds me of Judge Oliver. Oliver was a young lawyer, fresh from the schools, who had gone out to the deserts of Nevada to begin life. He found that country, and our ways of life, there, in those early days, different from life in New England or Paris. But he put on a woollen shirt and strapped a navy revolver to his person, took to the bacon and beans of the country, and determined to do in Nevada as Nevada did. Oliver accepted the situation so completely that although he must have sorrowed over many of his trials, he never complained—that is, he never complained but once. He, two others, and myself, started to the new silver mines in the Humboldt mountains—he to be Probate Judge of Humboldt county, and we to mine. The distance was two hundred miles. It was dead of winter. We bought a two-horse wagon and put eighteen hundred pounds of bacon, flour, beans, blasting-powder, picks and shovels in it; we bought two sorry-looking


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Rh Mexican “plugs,” with the hair turned the wrong way and more corners on their bodies than there are on the mosque of Omar; we hitched up and started. It was a dreadful trip. But Oliver did not complain. The horses dragged the wagon two miles from town and then gave out. Then we three pushed the wagon seven miles, and Oliver moved ahead and pulled the horses after him by the bits. We complained, but Oliver did not. The ground was frozen, and it froze our backs while we slept; the wind swept across our faces and froze our noses. Oliver did not complain. Five days of pushing the wagon by day and freezing by night brought us to the bad part of the journey—the Forty Mile Desert, or the Great American Desert, if you please. Still, this mildest-mannered man that ever was, had not complained. We started across at eight in the morning, pushing through sand that had no bottom; toiling all day long by the wrecks of a thousand wagons, the skeletons of ten thousand oxen; by wagon-tires enough to hoop the Washington Monument to the top, and ox-chains enough to girdle Long Island; by human graves; with our throats parched always, with thirst; lips bleeding from the alkali dust; hungry, perspiring, and very, very weary—so weary that when we dropped in the sand every fifty yards to rest the horses, we could hardly keep from going to sleep—no complaints from Oliver; none the next morning at three o’clock, when we got across, tired to death.


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286 Awakened two or three nights afterward at midnight, in a narrow canon, by the snow falling on our faces, and appalled at the imminent danger of being “snowed in,” we harnessed up and pushed on till eight in the morning, passed the “Divide” and knew we were saved. No complaints. Fifteen days of hardship and fatigue brought us to the end of the two hundred miles, and the Judge had not complained. We wondered if any thing could exasperate him. We built a Humboldt house. It is done in this way. You dig a square in the steep base of the mountain, and set up two uprights and top them with two joists. Then you stretch a great sheet of “cotton domestic” from the point where the joists join the hill-side down over the joists to the ground; this makes the roof and the front of the mansion; the sides and back are the dirt walls your digging has left. A chimney is easily made by turning up one corner of the roof. Oliver was sitting alone in this dismal den, one night, by a sage-brush fire, writing poetry; he was very fond of digging poetry out of himself—or blasting it out when it came hard. He heard an animal’s footsteps close to the roof; a stone or two and some dirt came through and fell by him. He grew uneasy and said “Hi!—clear out from there, can’t you!”—from time to time. But by and by he fell asleep where he sat, and pretty soon a mule fell down the chimney! The fire flew in every direction, and Oliver went over backwards. About


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Rh ten nights after that, he recovered confidence enough to go to writing poetry again. Again he dozed off to sleep, and again a mule fell down the chimney. This time, about half of that side of the house came in with the mule. Struggling to get up, the mule kicked the candle out and smashed most of the kitchen furniture, and raised considerable dust. These violent awakenings must have been annoying to Oliver, but he never complained. He moved to a mansion on the opposite side of the canon, because he had noticed the mules did not go there. One night about eight o’clock he was endeavoring to finish his poem, when a stone rolled in—then a hoof appeared below the canvas—then part of a cow—the after part. He leaned back in dread, and shouted “Hooy! hooy! get out of this!” and the cow struggled manfully—lost ground steadily—dirt and dust streamed down, and before Oliver could get well away, the entire cow crashed through on to the table and made a shapeless wreck of every thing!

Then, for the first time in his life, I think, Oliver complained. He said,

“This thing is growing monotonous!”

Then he resigned his judgeship and left Humboldt county. “Butchered to make a Roman holyday” has grown monotonous to me.

In this connection I wish to say one word about Michael Angelo Buonarotti. I used to worship the mighty genius of Michael Angelo—that man who was great in poetry, painting, sculpture, architecture—great in every thing he undertook. But I do not want Michael Angelo for breakfast—for luncheon —for dinner—for tea—for supper—for between meals. I like a change, occasionally. In Genoa, he designed every thing; in Milan he or his pupils designed every thing; he designed the Lake of Como; in Padua, Verona, Venice, Bologna, who did we ever hear of, from guides, but Michael Angelo? In Florence, he painted every thing, designed every thing, nearly, and what he did not design he used to sit on a favorite stone and look at, and they showed us the stone. In Pisa he designed every thing but the old shot-tower, and they would have at-


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288 tributed that to him if it had not been so awfully out of the perpendicular. He designed the piers of Leghorn and the custom house regulations of Civita Vecchia. But, here—here it is frightful. He designed St. Peter’s; he designed the Pope; he designed the Pantheon, the uniform of the Pope’s soldiers, the Tiber, the Vatican, the Coliseum, the Capitol, the Tarpeian Rock, the Barberini Palace, St. John Lateran, the Campagna, the Appian Way, the Seven Hills, the Baths of Caracalla, the Claudian Aqueduct, the Cloaca Maxima—the eternal bore designed the Eternal City, and unless all men and books do he, he painted every thing in it! Dan said the other day to the guide, “Enough, enough, enough! Say no more! Lump the whole thing! say that the Creator made Italy from designs by Michael Angelo!”

I never felt so fervently thankful, so soothed, so tranquil, so filled with a blessed peace, as I did yesterday when I learned that Michael Angelo was dead.

But we have taken it out of this guide. He has marched us through miles of pictures and sculpture in the vast corridors of the Vatican; and through miles of pictures and sculpture in twenty other palaces; he has shown us the great picture in the Sistine Chapel, and frescoes enough to frescoe the heavens—pretty much all done by Michael Angelo. So with him we have played that game which has vanquished so many guides for us—imbecility and idiotic questions. These creatures never suspect—they have no idea of a sarcasm.


text:
Bihar, the Land of Buddhist World

Publication history

 * Bihar, the Land of Buddhist World was first published as a web-book in 1990 from the UK using domain www.Bihar.world

title: Bihar, the Land of Buddhist World


text:
Page:The China Review, Or, Notes and Queries on the Far East, Volume 22 1RZBAQAAMAAJ.pdf/98

 there is only one 去, höü sheng, in the Höng Shán Dialect, and this is a little lower in musical pitch than the Cantonese tone and shorter in duration of pronunciation.

The 下入, há yap, lower entering tone, is higher in musical pitch than the Cantonese, being between the Cantonese 中入, chung yap, middle entering tone, and the Cantonese 下入 há yap; and much nearer to the former than to the latter. In short the 下入, há yap, is higher than the Cantonese 下入, há yap, and a little lower than the Cantonese 中入, chung yap. Here we may notice that the word 嚇 hakhák [sic] becomes a 上入 shöng yap, upper entering tone, in the Höng Shán dialect.

We come next to the three extra tones; the higher shöng p'ing as illustrated in Cantonese by the word 孫 sün, grandchild, third rising or colloquial rising tone and the 中入, chung yap, middle entering tone.

The higher, or upper shöng p'ing, is almost apt to be overlooked at first, for it is not so distinct from the ordinary 上平, shöng p'ing, upper even tone, as in CantonneseCantonese [sic], and besides it does not appear to be as largely used as in Cantonese. Out of a list of twenty-one words in it in Cantonese, five, or say one-fourth, seem in the Höng Shán dialect to be used in the ordinary 上平, shöng p'ing. This upper shöng p'ing then in the Höng Shán dialect is not so sharp and shrill as in Cantonese, nor is there such a musical interval in space between it and the ordinary 上平 shöng p'ing, as there is in Cantonese. In other words it is not nearly such a high tone as the pure Cantonese higher 上平 shöng p'ing; it is only a little higher than the ordinary 上平 shöng ping; but it appears to be the same tone as the Cantonese 上平 shöng p'ing, the ordinary 上平 shöng p'ing in Höng Shán being lower than that tone is in Cantonese. The third, or colloquial, rising tone, playing such an important part in pure Cantonese in the matter of tense, emphasis, and meaning of the word, as well as being used when the word is used alone or singly, is of much less importance in the Höng Shán dialect. It is used as a sign of the past tense, as for example in 做, ꜂tsò, done, and 吃 ꜂yák, eaten, 來 ꜂lôí came; and, as far as can be discovered at present, in no other way. For example it is not used in 邊誰, pín shúí? Who? (this phrase being commonly used for the mat shöü? of Cantonese) for the 誰 shúí retains its tone; nor is it used in the phrases 慢慢 mán꜅ ꜂mán, slowly, or 耐耐 noí꜅ ꜂noí, now and then. Again the third word in the phrase 唱木魚 ch'öng꜄ múk꜁ ꜂yü, to sing songs in dialect does not take the third rising tone, as it does in Cantonese; nor does a picture 一幅畫 pronounced yat꜆ fúk꜆ ꜂wá for wá꜅ retain its book-language tone; neither does 妹 múï꜅ in 姊妹 ꜂tsz ꜂möíí go into the third rising tone as it often does in Cantonese; nor does 錢 ꜂ts'ín in 銀錢 ꜁ngan ꜂ts'ín, dollars, take this colloquial rising tone as it usually does in conversation in Cantonese; nor is 名 ming꜅ in 堂名 ꜁t'ong ꜁meng in this tone as it would often be in Cantonese. Again it is not used as an emphatic as in 唔 ꜂m I wo'nt, in Cantonese. There is again the loss of the distinctive use of the third rising tone in conveying a different meaning to a word, as in the employment of it with the word 話 wá꜅ in Cantonese to denote a dialect or language, this tone in Cantonese distinguishing this character when so used from the primary meaning of the word which means a word, &c. This is entirely wanting in the Höng Shan dialect where 話 wá꜅ retains its original tone and 聲 ꜀sheng is employed often where it would be used; but even where it (話 wá꜅) is used in this sense, it retains its original tone. The third rising tone in the Höng Shán dialect is shorter in duration of utterance, i.e. it passes through a shorter space in utterance than the Cantonese similar tone; and consequently this leads to its being possibly not quite so well pronounced


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Page:The Civil Aviation (Investigation of Air Accidents and Incidents) Regulations 2018 (UKSI 2018-321 qp).pdf/1

The Secretary of State is a Minister designated(a) for the purposes of section 2(2) of the European Communities Act 1972(b) in relation to measures relating to air transport.

The Secretary of State makes the following Regulations in exercise of the powers conferred by sections 75(1) to (3) and 102(2) of, and Part II and paragraphs 4 and 6 of Part III of Schedule 13 to, the Civil Aviation Act 1982(c) and by section 2(2) of the European Communities Act 1972. PART 1 General Citation and commencement

1. These Regulations may be cited as the Civil Aviation (Investigation of Air Accidents and Incidents) Regulations 2018 and come into force on 9th April 2018.

Interpretation

2.—(1) In these Regulations—

“the Air Accidents Investigation Branch” means that part of the Department for Transport known by that name;

“Annex 13” means Annex 13 (Aircraft Accident and Incident Investigation) to the Chicago Convention(d) as that Annex has effect from time to time;


text:
Page:The Civil Aviation (Investigation of Air Accidents and Incidents) Regulations 2018 (UKSI 2018-321 qp).pdf/2

 “Chief Inspector” means the Chief Inspector of Air Accidents appointed under regulation 9;

“Inspector” means a person appointed as an Inspector of Air Accidents under regulation 9;

“Investigating Inspector” means the investigator-in-charge and any other Inspector who is assisting the investigator-in-charge with a safety investigation by virtue of paragraph (6) of regulation 9;

“investigator-in-charge” means a person charged, on the basis of that person’s qualifications, with responsibility for the organisation, conduct and control of a safety investigation;

“Regulation 996/2010” means Regulation (EU) No 996/2010 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the investigation and prevention of accidents and incidents in civil aviation(a) and repealing Directive 94/56/EC(b) ; and

“safety investigation” means a process conducted by the Air Accidents Investigation Branch for the purposes of accident and incident prevention, which includes the gathering and analysis of information, the drawing of conclusions (including the determination of causes and contributing factors) and, when appropriate, the making of safety recommendations.

(2) In these Regulations the following words and expressions have the meanings given by Article 2 of Regulation 996/2010—
 * “accident”;
 * “incident”;
 * “person involved”; and
 * “serious incident”.

(3) In these Regulations “aircraft” has the same meaning as in Regulation 996/2010.

Meaning of “act of unlawful interference” and “victim”

3.—(1) For the purposes of paragraph 2 of Article 12 of Regulation 996/2010, “an act of unlawful interference” means any act which constitutes an offence under—
 * (a) subsection (1) of section 1 (hijacking) of the Aviation Security Act 1982(c) (“the 1982 Act”), but as if subsection (2) of that section (and the reference to subsection (2) in subsection (1)) was omitted;
 * (b) subsection (1) or (2) of section 2 (destroying, damaging or endangering safety of aircraft) of the 1982 Act, but as if subsection (4) of that section (and the references to subsection (4) in subsections (1) and (2)) was omitted; or
 * (c) subsection (1) or (3) of section 3 (other acts endangering or likely to endanger safety of aircraft) of the 1982 Act, but as if subsections (5) and (6) of that section (and the references to subsections (5) and (6) in subsection (1) and the reference to subsection (5) in subsection (3)) were omitted.

(2) For the purposes of paragraphs 4 and 5 of Article 15 of Regulation 996/2010, “victim” means any person who suffers a fatal injury or a serious injury in any of the circumstances described in sub-paragraph (1)(a) of Article 2 of that Regulation.

(3) In paragraph (2) “fatal injury” and “serious injury” have the meanings given by Article 2 of Regulation 996/2010.

2


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Page:The Civil Aviation (Investigation of Air Accidents and Incidents) Regulations 2018 (UKSI 2018-321 qp).pdf/3

 Service of notices and other documents

4.—(1) Any notice or other document required or authorised by these Regulations to be served on any person may be served by—
 * (a) delivering it to that person in person;
 * (b) leaving it at that person’s proper address; or
 * (c) sending it by post or by electronic means to that person’s proper address.

(2) In the case of a body corporate, any such notice or document may be served on a director of that body or on any other officer or employee of that body (“authorised person”) who is authorised to accept service of such notices or documents on its behalf.

(3) For the purposes of this regulation, “proper address” means—
 * (a) in the case of a body corporate or its director or authorised person–
 * (i) the registered or principal office of that body; or
 * (ii) the email address of the secretary or clerk of that body, the director or the authorised person;
 * (b) in any other case, a person’s last known address, which includes an email address.

Revocations

5. The following Regulations are revoked—
 * (a) the Civil Aviation Act (Investigation of Accidents) Regulations 1996(a) ;
 * (b) the Civil Aviation (Investigation of Air Accidents and Incidents) Regulations 1996(b) ;
 * (c) the Civil Aviation (Investigation of Military Air Accidents at Civil Aerodromes) Regulations 2005(c).

Amendment of the Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 2013

6.—(1) Regulation 14 of the Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 2013(d) is amended as follows.

(2) In paragraph (6) of that regulation, omit sub-paragraph (d) and for sub-paragraph (g) substitute—
 * “(g) Article 9 of Regulation (EU) No 996/2010 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the investigation and prevention of accidents and incidents in civil aviation and repealing Directive 94/56/EC.”

Safety investigation authority and accident investigation authority

7. The Air Accidents Investigation Branch continues to be designated as—
 * (a) the safety investigation authority for the United Kingdom for the purposes of Article 4 of Regulation 996/2010; and
 * (b) the accident investigation authority for the United Kingdom for the purposes of Annex 13.

3


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Page:The Last Judgement and Second Coming of the Lord Illustrated.djvu/137

 The material body is simply the house in which he lives for a time, and wherein it is the Divine purpose he should be educated to participate in the uses and enjoyments of the heavenly kingdom. When the soul leaves the body, it may at once be seen that the body is not the man; and if it is not the man when the soul has passed away from it, how can it have been the man when he was present in it? It is simply the man's temporary residence, the material instrument for his operations in the material world. Hence Peter says, "I am in this tabernacle to stir you up, by putting you in remembrance; knowing that shortly I must put off this my tabernacle." Paul also writes, "We know, that if our earthly house of this tabernacle were dissolved, we have a building of God, a house not made with hands, eternal in the heavens." These passages no more contemplated the resumption of the earthly tabernacle which death puts off, than the Deity intended that the butterfly should return to the chrysalis from which it has emerged; the reason is, because the soul is the true and proper man, and this being the case, the resumption of the natural body is not necessary for his existence in the future life. The soul is not an aërial, unsubstantial something, which notion of it is very closely allied to the idea of nothing; if it is anything, it must be a spiritual substance in the human form; if it were not so, it could have no human entity. How plain is this. If the soul exist, it must be a substance; and if a substance, it must have a form; for existence without both substance and form is impossible. Hence we conclude that the substance of the soul is spiritual, and that its form is human. It is present in the physical structure during its manifestation in the world, something like a hand within its glove; hence the death of the body by no


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Page:Tree Crops; A Permanent Agriculture (1929).pdf/361

 . 129. Top. A hillside pasture made doubly fruitful by grafting suckers of chestnut trees in a clearing—. 130. Bottom. Tall-headed pecan trees planted by owner in cow pasture of rented dairy farm. The two stakes support the tree. The barbed wires keep the cows from rubbing the stakes. The pieces of old rubber hose by the man's finger protect the tree from the stakes. This invention is freely given to the public. The trees were mulched and manured. They are thriving in the pasture of a 'rented farm. No overhead cost. The latest improvement, in this technique in land too rough to do as in Fig. 23 is to dig a two-bushel hole above tree, plow furrows leading water to it for shower irrigation. Try it. (Photo J. Russell Smith.)


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Page:Tree Crops; A Permanent Agriculture (1929).pdf/362

. 131. Top. Northern Algeria. Rainfall, 20 inches. Pasture land scattered with wild olives.—. 132. Center. Same locality as Fig. 131. Hill which was like Fig 131 has had all its trees grafted to become like Fig 124.—. 133. Bottom. Abandoned farm buildings. Abandoned house. Abandoned Pennsylvania hills. The level land agriculture would not pay.


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 harvest a series of crops with, perhaps, cotton in the series as a cash crop. You plant out most of your farm with pecan trees in rows two hundred feet apart, fifty or one hundred feet apart in the row. This is not much of an interference with plowing, harrowing, planting, or tillage. Save for the cotton and probably some corn you have no harvesting operations; the pigs do that and little trees do not interfere with them. Little trees do not interfere with harvesting cotton or corn.

After you have planted your pecans, walnut, hickory, honey locust, grafted oak, or other large-growing productive trees as just described, you go on with the hogging-down crop rotation. Gradually the trees grow to gigantic size and maximum productivity, meanwhile the hog farming goes on beneath the trees to the benefit of the trees, but the crops from the trees more than make up for the reduction in the forage and cotton crop series.

Concerning this two-story agriculture it is a little-used fact that some plants do not require full sunshine for maximum growth. Mr. H. L. Shantz of the United States Department of Agriculture states that experiments with artificial shading showed that when the light was so decreased as to range from one-half to one-seventh of normal illumination a general increase in growth resulted in potato, cotton, lettuce, and radish. Corn made its best growth in full light.

When we know more about this subject, we may be able to work out a crop rotation that will actually do better when taken from full sunshine to the partial shade made by some kinds of crop-yielding trees, especially in our southeastern area of abundant rain—Cotton Belt and Corn Belt.


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Page:Tree Crops; A Permanent Agriculture (1929).pdf/184

 pound) and lying so thick upon the ground that he thought he could pick fifty bushels in a day. "A letter received from Mr. W. O. Wolcott, Bucaramanga, Colombia, says, 'By this mail I am mailing you one hundred acorns of a species of oak that grows in this state of Colombia. I traveled for two days on mule, coming from Ocana through these oaks all the way. You will notice these acorns are about four times the size of our acorns in the United States and as the trees are wonderful bearers these nuts should be of use as a stock and hog feed. The trees grow in the mountains at about four thousand to seven thousand feet altitude, and so close together that they grow to thirty to sixty feet high and not over four to six inches in diameter. Where the trees are in the open some of them are from ten to twenty inches in diameter. In many places the trees were not over two feet apart like the cedar swamps in Michigan when I was a boy. The natives fatten their hogs on the acorns. I could have gathered fifty bushels in a day, I should judge. . . .'

"(Signed), "Agricultural Explorer in charge."

In a letter addressed direct to me Mr. Wolcott said, "A man told me that wherever there is a forest of these the natives never clear off the forest, as the land is so poor it won't grow anything, and now I remember that all through that section what few ranches I saw were awful miserable shanty ranches and yet all of them had fat hogs and goats. I believe goats can be fattened on these acorns the same as hogs.

"They tell me the acorns begin to fall in February. I gathered those sent on the second and third of June. Then there were piles of them in the very trail itself. They tell me they bear only once a year but every year."

The oak tree is productive in the quantity of fruit produced, and some species seem to display a well-nigh marvelous ability to produce heavily while still very small in size. Sometimes


text: Author:Henry Tristram

title: Author:Henry Tristram


text:
Page:The Lady of the Lake - Scott (1810).djvu/318

 there were but a few sorry cow-houses, thatched with straw, yet in a very few years after, the vision, which appeared often, was accomplished, by the building of several good houses on the very spot represented by the seers, and by the planting of orchards there.

"To see a spark of fire fall upon one's arm or breast, is a forerunner of a dead child to be seen in the arms of those persons; of which there are several fresh instances.

"To see a seat empty at the time of one's sitting in it, is a presage of that person's death soon after.

"When a novice, or one that has lately obtained the second-sight, sees a vision in the night-time without doors, and comes near a fire, he presently falls into a swoon.

"Some find themselves as it were in a crowd of people, having a corpse which they carry along with them; and after such visions the seers come in sweating, and describe the people that appeared: if there be any of their acquaintance among 'em, they give an account of their names, as also of the bearers, but they know nothing concerning the corpse.

"All those who have the second-sight do not always see these visions at once, though they be together at the time. But if one who has this faculty, designedly touch his fellow-seer at the instant of a vision's appearing, then the second sees it as well as the first: and this is sometimes discerned by those that are near them on such occasions."— Description of the Western Islands, 1716, 8vo. p. 300, et seq.

To these particulars innumerable examples might be added,


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 all attested by grave and credible authors. But in despite of evidence, which neither Bacon, Boyle, nor Johnson were able to resist, the Taisch, with all its visionary properties, seems to be now universally abandoned to the use of poetry. The exquisitely beautiful poem of Lochiel will at once occur to the recollection of every reader.

The Celtic chieftains, whose lives were continually exposed to peril, had usually, in the most retired spot of their domains, some place of retreat for the hour of necessity, which, as circumstances would admit, was a tower, a cavern, or a rustic hut in a strong and secluded situation. One of these last gave refuge to the unfortunate Charles Edward, in his perilous wanderings after the battle of Culloden.

"It was situated in the face of a very rough, high, and rocky mountain, called Letternilichk, still a part of Benalder, full of great stones and crevices, and some scattered wood interspersed. The habitation called the Cage, in the face of that mountain, was within a small thick bush of wood. There were first some rows of trees laid down, in order to level a floor for a habitation; and as the place was steep, this raised the lower side to an equal height with the other; and these trees, in the way of joists or planks, were levelled with earth and gravel. There were betwixt the trees, growing naturally on their own roots,


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 some stakes fixed in the earth, which, with the trees, were interwoven with ropes, made of heath and birch twigs, up to the top of the Cage, it being of a round or rather oval shape; and the whole thatched and covered over with fog. The whole fabric hung, as it were, by a large tree, which reclined from the one end, all along the roof, to the other, and which gave it the name of the Cage; and by chance there happened to be two stones at a small distance from one another, in the side next the precipice, resembling the pillars of a chimney, where the fire was placed. The smoke had its vent out here, all along the fall of the rock, which was so much of the same colour, that one could discover no difference in the clearest day."—Author:John Home History of the Rebellion, Lond. 1802. 4to. p. 381.

These two sons of Anak flourished in romantic fable. The first is well known to the admirers of Ariosto, by the name of Ferrau. He was an antagonist of Orlando, and was at length slain by him in single combat. There is a romance in the Auchinleck MS., in which Ferragus is thus described:


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 this fruit weighs more than the tree. Some dwarf forms bend over to the earth with the burden of their crop.

Some of the oaks can produce their burdens from soil of the greatest variety and great sterility. "I would like to have the opportunity to demonstrate whether the California scrub oak, quercus dumosa Nuttall, could be made to yield a return such as you have described for quercus ilex. This little oak grows in a country that has no further value. It produces acorns freely and with great variation." (Letter—Wm. E. Lawrence, Oregon Agricultural College, Corvallis, September 17, 1916.)

Loudoun. Vol. III, p. 1889. "Q. catesbaei. The barren scrub oak. Carolina and Georgia. It grows on soils too meager to sustain any other vegetation, where the light movable sand is entirely destitute of vegetable mold. Old trees only productive and only a few handfuls."

Quarterly Journal of Forestry, Vol. V. No. 2, p. 119-20, 122-23: "On getting out of the train at Holkam station, England, the first thing that attracts the eye of the visitor is an avenue of quercus ilex, stretching from the uplands through the marshes to the sand dumes, each tree standing quite isolated, exposed north and south, east and west to the bitter cold winds sweeping across the marshes and off the sea.

"It can be seen growing on the sand dunes in pure sand, exposed to the sea winds, on the marshes in strong marsh clay, and on the upland; it seems to thrive equally well on gravel, chalk, or sand; good soil or bad makes little apparent difference to its well-being.

"From its earliest stages it is not difficult to raise, but is rather slow of growth. Most years there is an abundant crop of acorns.

Loudoun, Vol. III, p. 1890. "Q. Nigra. Black Jack oak. Often called barrens oak in New Jersey and Maryland, grows in forests impoverished by fire and cattle and on sandy soil. Baltimore to North Carolina. It is the chief tree of these soils, which are too poor for cropping. Few handfuls of large acorns. It takes abandoned fields." In this connection it should be remembered that the hopeless sand barrens of Long


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Ascapart, or Ascabart, makes a very material figure in the History of Bevis of Hampton, by whom he was conquered. His effigies may be seen guarding one side of a gate at Southampton, while the other is cccupied by Sir Bevis himself. The dimensions of Ascapart were little inferior to those of Ferragus, if the following description be correct:


text: The China Review/Volume 22/Number 2/The Höng Shán or Macao Dialect


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 Island, New Jersey, North Carolina, and of the Appalachian summits are shunned by the farmer as though they were the Sahara Desert, yet these sand barrens are often productive of many acorns—good carbohydrate nutriment.

It is not unnatural that the oak tree should render its greatest service to commercial agriculture in the modern world through the cork oak, the species which has the greatest number and variety of products.

The oak tree is the source of one of the chief exports and two of the important industries of Portugal. If I wanted to secure permanent and comfortable financial ease from agricultural land, few more secure bases need be sought than the undisturbed possession of a large tract of Portuguese land having a good stand of cork-oak trees (quercus suber) and evergreen-oak trees (quercus ilex). If the stand of trees were good, it would make little difference even if the land happened to be rough untillable hillsides. Such land would still yield its crops of cork and pork (the pork made of acorns). The virtues of the Portuguese cork forests are quadruple, and the forests are almost perpetual if given a little intelligent care.

With reasonable care, which consists of occasional cutting out of an undergrowth of bushes inedible to the goat, and occasional thinnings, the forest will live and reproduce itself for centuries and yield four kinds of income. The trees yield best of cork and acorns when the stand is not thick enough for the trees to crowd each other. Thinning to attain this end permits some forage for sheep and goats to grow beneath the trees. It is the common expectation that the pasturage income in a proper oak forest will pay for the labor of grubbing bushes, which, aside from fire protection, is the only maintenance charge. That leaves the other three sources of income—wood, cork, and pork—to offset interest and taxes and to make profit. The landlord's task is easy, as the pasture


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 is rented by the tract, the cork is sold to contractors by the ton, the wood by the cubic meter, and the hog pasture on some lump-sum arrangement. Absentee ownership could scarcely be more providentially arranged. If you wish to see the Iberian owners of cork estates, go to Lisbon, Madrid, or Seville.

Every nine or ten, or eleven or twelve years, according to locality, the cork bark is stripped. An acre with a full stand of young trees should have seventy trees yielding fifteen kilograms per tree, or 2,300 pounds per acre per stripping.

As the trees grow older and are thinned out to prevent crowding, the increased yield per tree keeps the cork output up to the average which, with care, can be maintained indefinitely at over a ton per acre per stripping. Cork is now worth about seventy-five dollars per ton. When the trees come down, they make the precious charcoal for the domestic fires beside which the Portuguese nation shivers in winters while it cooks its simple meals. In a properly cared-for forest every old cork tree has beneath its branches several half-starved understudies all leading a submerged life until it comes their turn to have space in which to spread.

I have seen a large cork tree, fifteen feet in girth and with a reach of fifty-six feet, that had yielded 1,980 pounds of cork at a stripping. An acre will easily hold eleven such trees, and I am told by competent authority that there are many


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The highlanders, who carried hospitality to a punctilious excess, are said to have considered it as churlish, to ask a stran-


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Rh Kermanshah during the years 1835-7, and that he succeeded in making a transcript of two hundred lines, or about one half of the great inscription at Behistun. When he first began the study, in 1835, he was aware that Grotefend had previously 'deciphered some names of the early sovereigns of the house of Achaemenes,' but he could not obtain a copy of the alphabet, nor ascertain from which inscription it had been formed. Rawlinson began upon the two inscriptions he had copied at Elvend, and 'when he proceeded to compare them, he found that the characters coincided throughout, except in certain particular groups, and it was only reasonable to suppose that the groups which were thus brought out and individualised must represent proper names. There were but three of these distinct groups in the two inscriptions, and they were arranged so as 'to indicate a genealogical succession,' no doubt 'belonging to three consecutive generations of the Persian monarchy; and it so happened that the first three names, of Hystaspes, Darius and Xerxes, which I applied at hazard to the three groups proved to answer and were in fact the true identifications.' This ingenious process was precisely the same as that already followed by Grotefend, which we have described in detail. Rawlinson appears, however, to have divined the method independently, though the application of the three names to the three groups was no doubt suggested to him by what he had heard reported by Grotefend's discovery. He next turned his attention to the first two paragraphs of the Behistun inscription, and by the same means he detected five other proper names, which he identified with Arsames, Ariarannies, Teispes, Achaemenes and Persia. The recognition of these eight proper names yielded him the values of eighteen


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 故關特勤碑

被芥者天网不轉天人相合寰宇大同以其氣隔陰陽是用列爲長彼長者 陰陽之裔也首自中國雄飛北荒來甘泉籲保光祿則恩好之深矣我高 祖之肇興皂業太宗之遂荒帝載文教施於八方武功成於一德彼蒼變故相榮 號迭稱終能优棒表修邊有发躬結爲父子使寇患不作弓矢載爾無 我虞我無爾詐邊鄙之不擾此之欺君 詐邊鄙之不擾盍此之賴歟君諱關特勤骨吐禄可汗之次子今茲伽 可汗之令弟也孝友聞於遠方威懾於 於遠方威德懾於簇俗斯豈由會鹂伊地米歇匐積厚德於 上而身克終之祖骨吐碌斤行深仁於下而子孫效之不然何以生北賢也故能 承順友愛輔成規略北處眩區之境西鄰處月之郊尊探梨之皇命受屠者之寵任 以親我有唐也我用是嘉爾誠績大開恩信而不怨促景俄盡永悼惜疼於 朕心且特勤可汗之弟也可汗猶朕之子也父子之義既在敦崇兄弟之親得無連 類俱爲子而再感深情是用故墓作豐碑發揮遐邇使千古之下休光日新 沙塞之國丁界之鄉雄武鬱起于爾先王爾君克長載赫殊方 爾道克順謀親我唐孰謂若人网保延長高碑山立垂裕無疆 大唐開元廿年歲次壬申十二月辛丑朔七H丁未建

故關特 勤之碑

詞曰


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 ger his name or lineage, before he had taken refreshment. Feuds were so frequent among them, that a contrary rule would, in many cases, have produced the discovery of some circumstance, which might have excluded the guest from the benefit of the assistance he stood in need of.

"They (meaning the highlanders) delight much in musicke, but chiefly in harps and clairschoes of their own fashion. The strings of the clairschoes are made of brasse-wire, and the strings of the harps of sinews; which strings they strike either with their nayles, growing long, or else with an instrument appointed for that use. They take great pleasure to decke their harps and clairschoes with silver and precious stones; the poore ones, that cannot attayne hereunto, decke them with christall. They sing verses prettily compound, contayning (for the most part) prayses of valiant men. There is not almost any other argument, whereof their rhymes intreat. They speak the ancient French language, altered a little." —"The harp and clairschoes are now only heard of in the highlands in ancient song. At what period these instruments ceased to be used, is not on record; and tradition is silent on this head.


text: The Lady of the Lake/Notes to Canto 2

title: The Lady of the Lake/Notes to Canto 2


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 lace, fell in the unfortunate field of Falkirk, in 1298. The celebrated Marquis of Montrose, in whom De Retz saw realized his abstract idea of the heroes of antiquity, was the second of these worthies. And, notwithstanding the severity of his temper, and the rigour with which he executed the oppressive mandates of the prince whom he served, I do not hesitate to name as the third, John Grahame, of Claverhouse, Viscount of Dundee, whose heroic death, in the arms of victory, may be allowed to cancel the memory of his cruelty to the non-conformists, during the reigns of Charles II. and James II.

I am not prepared to shew that Saint Modan was a performer on the harp. It was, however, no unsaintly accomplishment; for Saint Dunstan certainly did play upon that instrument, which, retaining, as was natural, a portion of the sanctity attached to its master's character, announced future events by its spontaneous sound. "But labouring once in these mechanic arts for a devoute matrone that had sett him on worke, his violl, that hung by him on the wall, of its owne accord, without anie man's helpe, distinctly sounded this anthime: Gaudent in cœlis animæ sanctorum qui Christi vestigia sunt secuti: et quia pro cius amore sanguinem suum fudcrunt, ideo cum Christo gaudent æternum. Whereat all the companie being much astonished, turned their eyes from behoulding him working, to looke on that strange accident.""Not long after, manic


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 The Tungkwun dialect of Cantonese.

T C 上平 上 去 入 中入 下平 上 去 入 俗話變音

In a previous number of the China Review, Mr. Dyer Ball has an article on the Tungkwun dialect as spoken at Sheklúng. Mr. Ball does not pretend to an intimate acquaintance with this dialect and only aims at giving It is not surprising then to find many mistakes and omissions; but why is the syllabary marred by including a score of syllables, which should be impossible according to Mr. Ball's own exposition of the phonetic laws which rule the dialect? The Sheklung dialect (which does not however differ much from other Tungkwun dialects) is not spoken over any large extent of country. It reaches along the S. Bank of the E. River eight miles W. to Wongching and three miles E. to In-wo (the first village of Shekkong höng): on the N. Bank it covers the 十四屬 14 belonging to Tungkwun, with the exception of Wattàu, (which speaks Pok-lo). Along the river leading to the District-city, it reaches three miles on the N. Bank to Shek-kit, and


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 cel of highlanders of no extraordinary appearance, over a cup of ale. Poor inspiration!

They were not asked to drink a glass of wine at our table, though the whole company consisted only of the great man, one of his near relations, and myself.

"After some little time, the chief ordered one of them to sing me a highland song. The bard readily obeyed, and with a hoarse voice, and in a tone of few various notes, began, as I was told, one of his own lyrics; and when he had proceeded to the fourth or fifth stanza, I perceived, by the names of several persons, glens, and mountains, which I had known or heard of before, that it was an account of some clan battle. But in his going on, the chief (who piques himself upon his school-learning) at some particular passage, bid him cease, and cryed out, 'There's nothing like that in Virgil or Homer.' I bowed, and told him I believed so. This you may believe was very edifying and delightful."—Letters from Scotland, II. 167.

The ancient and powerful family of Graham (which, for metrical reasons, is here spelled after the Scottish pronunciation,) held extensive possessions in the counties of Dunbarton and Stirling. Few families can boast of more historical renown, having claim to three of the most remarkable characters in the Scottish annals. Sir John the Græme, the faithful and undaunted partaker of the labours and patriotic warfare of Wal-


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 Giles should have consulted original authorities, and not relied solely on a commentary, before pronouncing judgment. Had he adopted this course, he would have saved himself from some ludicrous blunders, which do not look well when committed by one so 'cocksure' as Mr. Giles invariably is.

Mr. Parker, who has reviewed my book and who has been pleased to pronounce it good, states its chief defect to be the large number of cases in which the Pekingese pronunciation is given wrongly. I regret that, as regards this defect, I must cry peccavi. The instances in which the sounds of Chinese characters according to Wade's spelling have been given incorrectly are too numerous. It is unfortunate, as Mr. Parker says, that the work in this respect was not revised before publication by a competent Pekingese student. This would have saved it from the to quote Mr. Giles, which appear so frequently. But Mr. Giles considers correct romanisation in such a work entirely secondary and subordinate to correct rendering of the text and commentary, and in this I think most people will agree with him, though for 'commentary' I should prefer to substitute 'meaning as explained in the original sources.' The test to apply to such a work is whether each phrase in the text has been correctly translated and its meaning, where explanation is necessary, has been correctly explained. And this is the test to which I am about to submit Mr. Giles' criticisms of my work.

In considering those criticisms, I desire it to be remembered that the text of the Ch'êng Yü K'ao is made up of more than 3,500 phrases or combinations of characters. Even Mr. Giles acknowledges that He says that This opinion is apparently based on the belief that he has found 80 entries which seem to require more or less radical alteration and on the fact that, where references are given, chapter and verse are not invariably quoted. The latter objection comes somewhat strangely from Mr. Giles, the compiler of the latest Chinese-English Dictionary, in which innumerable phrases are given without the slightest indication as to whether they are colloquial or classical and without any reference to the sources from which they are derived. Mr. Giles complains that in my work But the History of the Han dynasty or Han Shu is a classical work written by a historian as well known in China as Macaulay is in Europe. Though reference to chapter and page would no doubt facilitate research, the few students who are able to consult the original would have no difficulty in finding the passage quoted, and the students who are not able to consult it would not be benefited even if chapter and page were given. Both classes of students, however, are made aware by a bare reference to the work that the phrases taken from it have been used by a writer who is regarded as a classic. If Mr. Giles had been cool enough to give even a bare reference to the Han Shu and other works, when he inserted in his Dictionary phrases borrowed from them, he would have been forgiven his coolness for not quoting chapter and verse.

I now proceed to deal with the 80 entries which seem to form the head and front of my offending in the eyes of Mr. Giles. I cannot help thinking, however, that those who know something of the difficulties of Chinese, when they remember that over 3,500 phrases or combinations of characters have been translated or explained, would not regard eighty mistakes, if they could really be considered as such, a sufficient reason for condemning a work which has been favourably noticed by the most distinguished sinologues of the day. But what will be thought if it


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 sang꜄. I have heard it from men from háp noi꜅ 狄狹內 [sic], Sheklung and Má-ch'ung, but have not noticed it in the finals án and ún and in with long vowels. The 入 tones in t and p with such men have a tendency to pass into k sounds.

The Tungkwún city dialect breaks up á and ä, e.g. shik꜇ feán꜅ ꜁m ká? and ꜁meang for 名. In 狹內 at Shek-kong (exc. In-wo) ä becomes ea and the colloquial tone is a rising tone; further South at Ch'á-yün ă becomes ŏa e.g. 得 tŏat, 分 fŏan. Ngi ngúi k'eok꜆ yeok꜆ (you, I, he, ?) is a Sheklung parody (?) of some other Háp꜇-noi꜅ tongue. Fú-mún and Chung T'ong Sz are said to have their own peculiarities. From Ma-ch'ung (half of which is said to speak P'ún-yü) I have heard l for n, s for sh (cp. Lower P'ún-yü), an alternative initial ng (which is just not Lower P'ún-yü), sheak꜇ and ꜁meang for 石 and 名 and ꜀kai tsát꜇ (not ꜀koi) for 'cockroach.'

The reviewer reviewed or Lockhart's reply to  Giles' review of The Manual of Chinese Quotations.

Mr. Giles has been good enough to review at some length my translation of the Ch'êng Yü K'ao—a work which he elegantly states he some years ago for use in his Chinese-English Dictionary. This poultryman operation should have placed Mr. Giles in a position second to none for reviewing the labours of a translator of the same work, who should have derived much assistance from the internal process to which Mr. Giles declares the Ch'êng Yü K'ao was subjected at his hands. I am, however, bound to confess that I did not obtain much help in this quarter for two reasons. In the first place my translation was completed before Mr. Giles' Dictionary was published; and in the second place when I did consult it as my translation was being printed, in the hope of having difficulties removed, I was not aided to any great extent, because in many cases I could not find the phrases for which I hunted. From this it would appear that either I did not search properly or that Mr. Giles' has not been complete. This point, however, can be easily settled by any one who cares to take the trouble to compare the Ch'êng Yü K'ao with the Dictionary. In any case I do not mean to insinuate that, even if the entries in his Dictionary from the Ch'êng Yü K'ao may not be complete, Mr. Giles is not well acquainted with the latter work. I am quite ready to admit that he knows the work well. Still it is somewhat disappointing to find a person, who professes to have its contents, writing about when the commentaries on the Ch'êng Yu K'ao are by no means confined to one, and basing corrections of my renderings on a commentary in an edition, the title of which is not even mentioned, though the editions of the work are numerous. Mr. Giles must know that commentaries in China differ from each other as they do in other countries, and he must be aware that the dictum of one commentator cannot always be accepted as correct. In fact Mr. Giles himself has given renderings of phrases in the Ch'êng Yü K'ao which are at variance with commentaries on that work consulted by me, but which should not on that account only be regarded as incorrect. Mr.


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 cuneiform characters, which later study showed he had correctly identified.

Such was the progress he had made down to the autumn of 1836 by his own independent research. Shortly afterwards he received copies of Heeren and Klaproth's writings, where at length he found the alphabets of Cfrotefend and St. Martin explained; but he writes: 'Far from deriving any assistance from either of these sources, I could not doubt that my knowledge of the character .... was much in advance of their respective and in some measure conflicting systems of interpretation.' He had indeed some cause for congratulation, for he had discovered eighteen correct values, while Grotefend was only successful in twelve, though, with the two from Münter, he had at his disposal fourteen in all. St. Martin only made out two letters by his own ingenuity, and dis- posed altogether of not more than ten.

Having thus greater means at his disposal, Rawlinson succeeded, in the course of 1837, in arriving at an approximate translation of the first two paragraphs of the Behistun inscription, 'which,' he says, 'would have been wholly inexplicable according to the systems of interpretation adopted either by Grotefend or Saint Martin,' the only ones with which he was at that time acquainted. By the end of the year his paper was


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 the eye. Such anomalous instances amount to about two hundred, all of them primitives, while the remainder will give less trouble in ascertaining the proper radical. About one half (108) of the radicals are placed on the right or left of the primitive,—constituting one half of the character, and easily recognized. Others, like 二, 勹, 匚匸, 囗, 行, 門 and 鬥 embrace the primitive, and give no trouble. About 40 of them are placed on the top of the primitive, a few of which enter into combination with it, as in 奉, 夷, 彝, in such a manner as to give some hesitation as to the radical; while others, as 宀, 广, 疒, 爪, 穴, 竹, 罒, 艹, 虍, 雨, are more apparent. For many of the remainder, where the radical is either in combination, or the character is formed of two or three radicals, as 相, 聾, or 現, practice will soon give the necessary facility in finding them. Some characters as 𢑷, 𢐭, 豑, 𨑊, 𡳨, 朅, made up of two primitives, are usually placed with reference to their meaning, and not to the most prominent part where they would be looked for; but their number is small. An examination of the radicals and the groups placed under them will be found in Williams' Easy Lessons, pp. 4–29, and in Medhurst's Chinese and English Dictionary, pp. xvi–xxiv.

In counting the number of strokes in a character, the radical is not reckoned. After becoming familiar with the radicals themselves, and having a general acquaintance with the primitives, the number of strokes can most quickly be ascertained by inspection. For instance, the character mút꜇ 𩱷 rice porridge, found under the radical lik 鬲, is made up of 弓, 弓, 米 and 𫈦 which severally number 3, 3, 6, and 15 strokes, or 27 in all; the character ím꜅ 灩 bubbling water, placed under the radical shui 水, is composed of 曲, 豆, 去, 皿, numbering 6, 7, 5, and 5 strokes, or 23 in all. The number of characters formed of so many strokes as these is very few, and in most cases a glance at the word is sufficient to see how many make it.


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178

"And he found the jaw-bone of an ass." It is to be observed that, after [Samson had committed] fornication, the holy Scripture no longer speaks of the things happily accomplished by him in connection with the formula, "The Spirit of the Lord came upon him." For thus, according to the holy apostle, the sin of fornication is perpetrated against the bodv, as involving also sin against the temple of God.

This indicates the persecution against the church set on foot by the nations who still continue in unbelief. But he (Samson) who suffered those things, trusted that there would be a retaliation against those waging this war. But retaliation through what means? First of all, by his betaking himself to the Rock not cognizable to the senses; secondly, by the finding of the jaw-bone of an ass. Now the type of the jaw-bone is the body of Christ.

Speaking always well of the worthy, but never ill of the unworthy, we also shall attain to the glory and kingdom of God.

In these things there was signified by prophecy that the


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Rh people, having become transgressors, shall be bound by the chains of their own sins. But the breaking of the bonds of their own accord indicates that, upon repentance, they shall be again loosed from the shackles of sin.

It is not an easy thing for a soul, under the influence of error, to be persuaded of the contrary opinion.

"And Balaam the son of Beor they slew with the sword." For, speaking no longer by the Spirit of God, but setting up another law of fornication contrary to the law of God, this man shall no longer be reckoned as a prophet, but as a soothsayer. For, as he did not continue in the commandment of God, he received the just reward of his evil devices.

"The god of the world;" that is, Satan, who was designated God to those who believe not.

The birth of John [the Baptist] brought the dumbness of Zacharias to an end. For he did not burden his father, when


text:
Page:Ante-Nicene Christian Library Vol 9.djvu/205

Rh

With regard to Christ, the law and the prophets and the evangelists have proclaimed that He was born of a virgin, that He suffered upon a beam of wood, and that He appeared from the dead; that He also ascended to the heavens, and was glorified by the Father, and is the Eternal King; that He is the perfect Intelligence, the Word of God, who was begotten before the light; that He was the Founder of the universe, along with it (light), and the Maker of man; that He is All in all: Patriarch among the patriarchs; Law in the laws; Chief Priest among priests; Ruler among kings; the Prophet among prophets; the Angel among angels; the Man among men; Son in the Father; God in God; King to all eternity. For it is He who sailed [in the ark] along with Noah, and who guided Abraham; who was bound along with Isaac, and was a Wanderer with Jacob; the Shepherd of those who are saved, and the Bridegroom of the church; the Chief also of the cherubim, the Prince of the angelic powers; God of God; Son of the Father; Jesus Christ; King for ever and ever. Amen.

The law and the prophets and evangelists have declared that Christ was born of a virgin, and suffered on the cross; was raised also from the dead, and taken up to heaven; that He was glorified, and reigns for ever. He is Himself termed the Perfect Intellect, the Word of God. He is the First-begotten, after a transcendent manner, the Creator of man; All in all; Patriarch among the patriarchs; Law in the law; the Priest among priests; among kings Prime Leader;


text:
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Page:Ante-Nicene Christian Library Vol 9.djvu/206

184 the Prophet among the prophets; the Angel among angels; the Man among men; Son in the Father; God in God; King to all eternity. He was sold with Joseph, and He guided Abraham; was bound along with Isaac, and wandered with Jacob; with Moses He was Leader, and, respecting the people, Legislator. He preached in the prophets; was incarnate of a virgin; born in Bethlehem; received by John, and baptized in Jordan; was tempted in the desert, and proved to be the Lord. He gathered the apostles together, and preached the kingdom of heaven; gave light to the blind, and raised the dead; was seen in the temple, but was not held by the people as worthy of credit; was arrested by the priests, conducted before Herod, and condemned in the presence of Pilate; He manifested Himself in the body, was suspended upon a beam of wood, and raised from the dead; shown to the apostles, and, having been carried up to heaven, sitteth on the right hand of the Father, and has been glorified by Him as the Resurrection of the dead. Moreover, He is the Salvation of the lost, the Light to those dwelling in darkness, and Redemption to those who have been born; the Shepherd of the saved, and the Bridegroom of the church; the Charioteer of the cherubim, the Leader of the angelic host; God of God; Jesus Christ our Saviour.

"Then drew near unto Him the mother of Zebedee's children, with her sons, worshipping, and seeking a certain thing from Him." These people are certainly not void of understanding, nor are the words set forth in that passage of no signification: being stated beforehand like a preface, they have some agreement with those points formerly expounded.

"Then drew near." Sometimes virtue excites our ad-


text: Ante-Nicene Christian Library/Fragments from the Lost Writings of Irenæus


text:
Page:Journal of the Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society (IA journalof404219041905roya).pdf/434

{| ! English. ! Chinese. ! Characters. ! Remarks.
 * Sut-lang-ngo
 * 雪蘭鵝
 * Kit-lang
 * 吉冷
 * Sẽmunyih
 * Sz-wai-yik
 * 四圍益
 * This is the recognised written name. It means "lucky all round.' The colloquial is 'Sz-man-yik.'
 * Sĕpang
 * Chi-wo kong
 * 致和港
 * 'Kong' is a river, and 'Chi wo' is the chop of a gambier and pepper Kongsi, the largest in that district.
 * Serdang
 * Sa-tang
 * 沙戥
 * Sĕrendah
 * Seung-man-tan
 * 雙文丹
 * Sometimes called 'Sz-man-tan. The river at this place is called Sungei Semantan.
 * Sětapah
 * Man-lung-kong
 * 文龍港
 * I have not been able to ascertain the explanation of this name. It may have some connection with the name of a small river there called 'Sungei Bilong.'
 * }
 * Sĕrendah
 * Seung-man-tan
 * 雙文丹
 * Sometimes called 'Sz-man-tan. The river at this place is called Sungei Semantan.
 * Sětapah
 * Man-lung-kong
 * 文龍港
 * I have not been able to ascertain the explanation of this name. It may have some connection with the name of a small river there called 'Sungei Bilong.'
 * }
 * 文龍港
 * I have not been able to ascertain the explanation of this name. It may have some connection with the name of a small river there called 'Sungei Bilong.'
 * }


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Page:Journal of the Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society (IA journalof404219041905roya).pdf/433

{| ! English. ! Chinese. ! Characters. ! Remarks.
 * Port Swettenham
 * Pa-sang kong-hau
 * 吧生港口
 * See Klang 'Kong-hau' means 'river mouth.'
 * Pudoh
 * Pun-shan pa
 * 半山吧
 * i.e. half (- [sic]way to the jungle.
 * Pulau Ketam
 * Po-lau kit-tam
 * 布流結泵
 * Rasa
 * Lak-sü
 * 叻恩
 * (in Hokkien) Rasa is in Ulu Selangor, and this part of Selangor was proved by the be the census to be the 'Hokkien' part of the State—so the Chinese name of the place was a Hokkien name.
 * Rawang
 * Man-lau
 * 橈萬
 * This may be for 'Bandar': part of Rawang is known as Bandar Bharu.
 * Salak (South)
 * Ku-ta-lin Sa-lak
 * 古打粦沙歴
 * Selangor
 * Sz-nga-ngok
 * 師牙岳
 * Most commonly by residents outside the State called 'Kit-lang' (Klang)
 * }
 * Ku-ta-lin Sa-lak
 * 古打粦沙歴
 * Selangor
 * Sz-nga-ngok
 * 師牙岳
 * Most commonly by residents outside the State called 'Kit-lang' (Klang)
 * }
 * Most commonly by residents outside the State called 'Kit-lang' (Klang)
 * }


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Page:Journal of the Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society (IA journalof404219041905roya).pdf/432

{| ! English. ! Chinese. ! Characters. ! Remarks.
 * adopted the name of the district, and dropped the 'Ulu.'
 * Kuala Langat
 * Nga-ngat kong-hau
 * 牙兀港口
 * i.e. the mouth of the 'Nga-ngat river.' Nga-ngat=Langat obviously.
 * Kuala Lumpor
 * Kat-lung-po
 * 吉隆坡
 * I have also often heard kai-(or ka-) lam-po.
 * Kuala Selangor
 * Sek-a-ngo kang-khau
 * 昔仔午港口
 * These are Hokkien sounds, representing 'mouth of the river Selangor.'
 * Kuang
 * Kuang
 * 轟
 * Kuchai
 * Ku-tsai
 * 古仔
 * Kuyau
 * Ko-yu
 * 高腰
 * Padang Jawa
 * Pat-tang chiau-a
 * 八登爪亞
 * Pantai
 * Pan-tai
 * 板底
 * Parit Tengah
 * Pa-lit Teng-a
 * 吧列丁亞
 * Pasir Panambang
 * Pa-sa Pan-lam-pang
 * 吧沙板冧崩
 * Pasir Panjang
 * Pa-sa Pan-yeng
 * 吧沙板影
 * Pĕtaling
 * Ku-ta-lin
 * 古打粦
 * }
 * Pantai
 * Pan-tai
 * 板底
 * Parit Tengah
 * Pa-lit Teng-a
 * 吧列丁亞
 * Pasir Panambang
 * Pa-sa Pan-lam-pang
 * 吧沙板冧崩
 * Pasir Panjang
 * Pa-sa Pan-yeng
 * 吧沙板影
 * Pĕtaling
 * Ku-ta-lin
 * 古打粦
 * }
 * Pa-sa Pan-yeng
 * 吧沙板影
 * Pĕtaling
 * Ku-ta-lin
 * 古打粦
 * }
 * 古打粦
 * }
 * }


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Page:Journal of the Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society (IA journalof404219041905roya).pdf/431

{| ! English. ! Chinese. ! Characters. ! Remarks.
 * Bukit Raja
 * Mu-kit La-yo
 * 毛結罅爺
 * Cheras
 * Chui-Lai
 * 蕉賴
 * Gombak
 * Ngo-mak
 * 鵝墨
 * Jeram
 * Yi-lam
 * 宜冧
 * Jugra
 * Chho-ka-la
 * 粗加罅
 * Kajang
 * Ka-yeng
 * 架影
 * Kanching
 * Kan-ching
 * 間征
 * Kapor
 * Ka-pa
 * 加吧
 * Kelumpang
 * Lung-pong
 * 龍邦
 * Kepong
 * Kap-tung
 * 甲洞
 * Kerling
 * Kat-lin
 * 吉粦
 * Klang
 * Pa-sang
 * 吧生
 * Because the Malays give the name 'Pasang' to part of the town of Klang.
 * Kuala Kubu
 * (i) Kwu-mo
 * 古毛
 * (ii) Sz-Nga-Ngok
 * 師牙岳
 * i.e. Selangor in Cantonese guise. Kuala Kubu is the principal town in Ulu Selangor, and the Chinese have
 * }
 * Kepong
 * Kap-tung
 * 甲洞
 * Kerling
 * Kat-lin
 * 吉粦
 * Klang
 * Pa-sang
 * 吧生
 * Because the Malays give the name 'Pasang' to part of the town of Klang.
 * Kuala Kubu
 * (i) Kwu-mo
 * 古毛
 * (ii) Sz-Nga-Ngok
 * 師牙岳
 * i.e. Selangor in Cantonese guise. Kuala Kubu is the principal town in Ulu Selangor, and the Chinese have
 * }
 * Kuala Kubu
 * (i) Kwu-mo
 * 古毛
 * (ii) Sz-Nga-Ngok
 * 師牙岳
 * i.e. Selangor in Cantonese guise. Kuala Kubu is the principal town in Ulu Selangor, and the Chinese have
 * }
 * 師牙岳
 * i.e. Selangor in Cantonese guise. Kuala Kubu is the principal town in Ulu Selangor, and the Chinese have
 * }


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Page:The Heart of England.djvu/69

chestnut blossom is raining steadily and noiselessly down upon a path whose naked pebbles receive mosaic of emerald light from the interlacing boughs. At intervals, once or twice an hour, the wings of a lonely swallow pass that way, when alone the shower stirs from its perpendicular fall. Cool and moist, the perfumed air flows, without lifting the most nervous leaf or letting fall a suspended bead of the night's rain from a honeysuckle bud. In an indefinite sky of grey, through which one ponderous cloud billows into sight and is lost again, no sun shines: yet there is light—I know not whence; for the brass trappings of the horses beam so as to be extinguished in their own fire. There is no song in wood or sky. Some one of summer's wandering voices—bullfinch or willow-wren—might be singing, but unheard, at least unrealised. From the dead nettle spires, with dull green leaves stained by purple and becoming more and more purple towards the crest, which is of a sombre uniform purple, to the elms reposing at the horizon, all things have bowed the head, hushed, settled into a perfect sleep. Those elms are just visible, no more. The path has no sooner emerged from one shade than another succeeds, and so, on and on, the eye wins no broad dominion.

title: Page:The Heart of England.djvu/69


text: Page:Journal of the Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society (IA journalof404219041905roya).pdf/430


text: User:SnowyCinema/P/Mistress Madcap Surrenders


text:
Talk:Doe v. Groody/Opinion of the Court

Source

 * Here (https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCOURTS-caed-1_05-cr-00333/pdf/USCOURTS-caed-1_05-cr-00333-11.pdf) is a source for this document. Rich Farmbrough, 09:05 31 October 2023 (GMT)

title: Talk:Doe v. Groody/Opinion of the Court


text: Page:The Czechoslovak Review, vol3, 1919.djvu/280


text: Journal of the Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society/Volume 42/Chinese Names of Streets and Places in Singapore and the Malay Peninsula


text: Archaeologia/Volume 13

title: Archaeologia/Volume 13


text:
Page:The Heart of England.djvu/70

 It is a land that uses a soft compulsion upon the passerby, a compulsion to meditation, which is necessary before he is attached to a scene rather featureless, to a land that hence owes much of its power to a mood of generous reverie which it bestows. And yet it is a land that gives much. Companionable it is, reassuring to the solitary; he soon has a feeling of ease and seclusion there. The cool-leaved wood! The limitless, unoccupied fields of marsh marigold, seen through the trees, most beautiful when the evening rain falls slowly, dimming and almost putting out the lustrous bloom! Gold of the minute willows underfoot! Leagues of lonely grass where the slow herds tread the daisies and spare them yet!

Towards night, under the sweet rain, at this warm, skyless close of the day, the trees, far off in an indolent, rolling landscape, stand as if disengaged from the world, in a reticent and pensive repose.

But suddenly the rain has ceased. In an old, dense wood the last horizontal beams of the sun embrace the trunks of the trees and they glow red under their moist ceiling of green. A stile to be crossed at its edge, where a little stream, unseen, sways the stiff exuberant angelica that grows from it, gives the word to pause, and with a rush the silence and the solitude fill the brain. The wood is of uncounted age; the ground on which it stands is more ancient than the surrounding fields, for it rises and falls stormily, with huge boulders here and there; not a path intrudes upon it; the undergrowth is impenetrable to all but fox and bird and this cool red light about the trunks of the trees. Far away a gate is loudly shut, and the rich blue evening comes on and

title: Page:The Heart of England.djvu/70


text:
Page:The Czechoslovak Review, vol3, 1919.djvu/268

 ing part in the world war; in his talk with the Czechoslovak diplomatic representative he expressed his admiration in very strong words. Congressman Sabath then addressed the men in Bohemian. On this occasion, too, the president received a delegation of the American Czechoslovak Board, consisting of Albert Mamatey and J. J . Zmrhal, who presented to him a memorandum asking his good offices in the matter of speedy return of all the Czechoslovak soldiers from Siberia home. The president expressed his warm sympathy for the men who have been away from home so many years and assured the delegation of his good will.

The following day a celebration was held at Camp Meiggs, where the men were quartered. They were addressed by Mr. Pergler and Joseph Tvrzicky; the Slovak League of America on behalf of the Czechoslovaks in America presented the boys with $25,000, so that each man could get himself a civilian suit, before he sailed. The entire contingent sailed from Newport News, by the steamer Susquehanna on July 20. Upon their return home they will be discharged.

The third transport of Czechoslovak soldiers from Siberia, probably the last one to pass through the United States, arrived in San Diego on Sunday morning, July 20. On the ship Archer which sailed from Vladivostok on June 29 were 1890 soldiers, sixteen officers and eleven Red Cross workers; the commander of this contigent was Captain Theodore Novak. Czechoslovaks from San Diego, Los Angeles, San Francisco and Imperial Valley, together with practically the entire population of San Diego, welcomed the wounded and invalided men at the pier with a shower of flowers. It is said that every child in San Diego can say “Na zdar”. The men were put up again at Camp Kearny and entertained by their California countrymen; Miss Madeline Veverka, assistant superintendent of schools of the city of Los Angeles, addressed the men on be half of their American friends.

After a rest of one week the transport left Camp Kearny on Monday, July 28, in four special trains, and passing through St. Louis the boys from Siberia were taken without any stops to Newport News, where they embarked on August 5.

The first Czechoslovak cabinet, representing a coalition of all the parties, has passed into history. On July 8 President Masaryk appointed a new ministry, composed as follows: Vlastimil Tusar, premier; Dr. Edward Beneš, foreign affairs; Antonín Švehla, interior; Karel Prášek, agriculture; František Staněk, posts and telegraphs; Dr. Cyril Horáček, finance; Gustav Haberman, education; Dr. Leo Winter, social welfare; Antonín Hampl, public works; Václav Klofáč, national defense; Jiří Stříbrný, railroads; Dr. Gustav Heidler, commerce; Dr. František Veselý, justice; Dr. Vávro Šrobár, public health; Edward Houdek, food supply.

A lengthy crisis preceded the constitution of the new cabinet. It had its beginning in May, when the national democratic party instructed its representatives in the cabinet, Rašín and Stránský, to resign. Masaryk refused to accept their resignations, as both men, and Rašín in particular, were doing work of great importance in their respective departments. The party, however, did not abandon its attitude of opposition to the entire cabinet, and party feelings ran very high just before the municipal elections which were held on June 15 and were the first expression of the popular sentiment since the revolution. Two weeks before the elections came Bela Kuhn’s barbarous inroad into Slovakia; the Czechoslovak forces were caught unprepared and had to fall back, so that for a time the Magyars re-occupied one-third of Slovakia. There were many reasons why this unfortunate situation came to be, but the national democrats placed the responsibility on minister of national defense Klofáč, a member of the Czechoslovak socialist party, and on the entire social democratic party, because at the time of the Bolshevik revolution in Budapest it had declared itself firmly opposed to the march of the Czechoslovak forces on Budapest and to any interference in Hungarian internal affairs. The socialist parties were greatly embittered at this charge of the national democrats, looking upon it as an unfair means of raising popular opinion against the socialists at a time, when everybody in Bohemia


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Page:The Heart of England.djvu/71

 severs me irrevocably from all but the light in the old wood and the ghostly white cow-parsley flowers suspended on unseen stalks. And there, among the trees and their shadows, not understood, speaking a forgotten tongue, old dreads and formless awes and fascinations discover themselves and address the comfortable soul, troubling it, recalling to it unremembered years not so long past but that in the end it settles down into a gloomy tranquillity and satisfied discontent, as when we see the place where we were unhappy as children once. Druid and devilish deity and lean wild beast, harmless now, are revolving many memories with me under the strange, sudden red light in the old wood, and not more remote is the league-deep emerald sea-cave from the storm above than I am from the world.

title: Page:The Heart of England.djvu/71


text: The Heart of England/Chapter 9

title: The Heart of England/Chapter 9


text: Archaeologia/Volume 38

title: Archaeologia/Volume 38


text: Page:Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal Vol 29.djvu/9


text: Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal/Volume 29/Account of a Visit to Barren Island in March 1858


text: Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal/Volume 29/Remarks upon an ancient Buddhist Monastery at Pu-gân, on the Irrawaddy


text: Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal/Volume 29/On the rocks of the Damúda group


text:
Page:The Czechoslovak Review, vol3, 1919.djvu/269

 was straining every muscle to right the dangerous situation in Slovakia. So the socialist block and the democrats went into the elections in a very embittered state of mind.

The elections themselves passed away quietly; there were no disorders anywhere, and the result made clear the relative strength of the Czechoslovak parties in the nation on June 15. It should be, however, emphasized that no elections were held in Slovakia, where at the time bitter war with Magyars was in progress.

Of Czech parties social democrats were strongest. They received 922,782 votes, 29.80% of the total; after them came the republican party (agrarians) with 661,353 (21.36%); the third in strength were the Czechoslovak socialists, formerly known as national socialists, who got 493,359 (15.93%). With them are included progressives; this party was before the war led by Professor Masaryk, but in 1918 a majority of them coalesced with the national democrats, while a minority maintained their name and party organization, and after the revolution co-operated generally with the socialist block, while preserving freedom of action. President Masaryk himself since his return to Prague kept aloof from party struggles and does not permit any single party to claim him. After national democrats came the people’s party (Catholic) with 303,614 votes (9.81%), and fifth were the national democrats, formerly known as Young Czechs, long the leaders of the nation; they received only 265,769 votes, 8.58% of the total.

A number of minor parties and local tickets received votes. Their importance in national politics is not great, but they ought to be enumerated here so that a complete picture of the elections might be presented. Small landholders’ party received 125,820 votes, Czech fusion tickets in towns with German majority received 71,512, shop keepers’ party 57,526, citizens’ party in Moravia 16,710, farmers’ party 12,709, Czechoslovak labor party 7890, Czech progressives in Moravia 5065, and various local tickets 152,582.

Before we pass on to trace the influence of the municipal elections on national politics, it is necessary to record the fact that on June 15 the Germans of Bohemia, Moravia and Silesia turned out in full strength to hold all their real and artificial positions. The elections were the first free elections in the Bohemian lands, for under the Austrian rule the Czechs had always been intimidated in racially mixed towns. There was no complaint from the Germans against the fairness of the election of June 15; the Czechoslovaks claim that fully 200,000 of their men were unable to vote, because they were serving either in Siberia or against the Magyars in Slovakia. At any rate, of the total vote cast in the municipal elections in Bohemia, Moravia and Slovakia the Czechs received 3,096 ,391 or 68.21%, the Germans 1,422,038 or 31.33%, and the Jewish ticket got 21,076 or 0.46%. That means a considerable improvement over the Austrian statistics of 1910, which gave the percentage of Czechs in the three provinces as 62.54 and Germans as 34.91. It may be confidently expected that the next census will show 70% Czechs in the three Bohemian lands, and taking the entire republic it will show a Czechoslovak majority of more than three-fourths against a German-Magyar minority of something like twenty percent.

After the elections there were signs of an understanding between the socialist block and the republicans or agrarians. The socialists by virtue of their showing in elections demanded larger representation in the cabinet which would naturally have to take place at the expense of the national democrats. Offers were made to the latter to take them into the next ministry with a smaller representation. But the democrats refused. Conferences were held for several weeks, with many audiences by President Masaryk; the socialist block was apparently willing to give the republicans the doubtful privilege of putting their own man into the chair of premier, but in the end social democrats as the most numerous party received this honor, and Vlastimil Tusar, who served since the revolution as the Czechoslovak commissioner in Vienna and had thus been removed from personal quarrels of the past months, was charged with constructing the cabinet.

Of the fifteen members of the cabinet social democrats have beside the premier three, namely Haberman, Winter and Hampl; Czechoslovak socialists have three, Klofáč, Stříbrný and Heidler; progressives, numerically very weak, but with many intellectual leaders of the nation among them, have two, Beneš and Veselý. The republican party of the countryside has four represent-


text:
Page:Treaty of Peace with Germany.djvu/58

 de là, l'ancienne frontière entre la Prusse occidentale et la Prusse orientale, puis la limite entre les cercles d'Osterode et de Neidenburg, puis vers l'aval le cours de la rivière Skottau, puis vers l'amont le cours de la Neide, jusqu'au point situé à environ 5 kilomètres a l'Ouest de Bialutten et le plus rapproché de l'ancienne frontière de Russie;

de là, vers l'Est, et jusqu'à un point immédiatement au Sud de l'intersection de la route Neidenburg-Mlava et de l'ancienne frontière de Russie:

une ligne à déterminer sur le terrain passant au Nord de Bialutten;

de là, l'ancienne frontière de Russie jusqu'à l'Est de Schmalleningken, puis vers l'aval le chenal de navigation principal du Niemen (Memel), puis le bras Skierwieth du delta jusqu'au Kurisches Haff;

de là, une ligne droite jusqu'au point de rencontre de la rive orientale de la Kurische Nehrung et de la limite administrative, à 4 kilomètres environ au Sud-Ouest de Nidden;

de là, cette limite administrative jusqu'à la rive occidentale de la Kurische Nehrung.

Les frontières telles qu elles viennent d'être décrites sont tracées en rouge sur une carte au millionième, qui est annexée au présent Traité sous le n° 1.

En cas de divergences entre le texte du Traité et cette carte ou toute autre carte annexée, c'est le texte qui fera foi.

En ce qui concerne les frontières définies par un cours d'eau, les termes “cours” ou “chenal” employés dans les descriptions du présent Traité signifient: d'une part, pour les fleuves non navigables, la ligne médiane du cours d'eau ou de son bras principal, et d' autre part, pour les fleuves navigables, la ligne médiane du chenal de navigation principal. Toutefois, il appartiendra aux Commissions de délimitation prévues par le présent Traité de spécifier si la ligne frontière suivra, dans ses déplacements éventuels, le cours ou le chenal ainsi défini, ou si elle sera déterminée d'une maniere definitive par la position du cours ou du chenal, au moment de la mise en vigueur du présent Traité.


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Page:The Czechoslovak Review, vol3, 1919.djvu/270

 atives in the ministry, Švehla, Prášek, Staněk and Horáček; Slovaks have two, Šrobár and Houdek. The principal change consists in the departure of Karel Kramář, one of the great men of the nation; even his political adversaries desire to have his great talents used in some manner in the service of the state. Of hardly smaller importance is the loss of dr. Rašín, a great finance minister, bold and original and energetic; however, his successor Cyril Horáček is also a man of large caliber. Dr. Stránský, former minister of commerce, has been for years one of the big Czech figures in the Vienna parliament and will again be heard from. Other changes include the resignation of minister of Railways Zahradník for personal reasons, of Dr. Soukup, minister of justice, also for personal reasons, and of Dr. Hruban, representing the Catholics in the first ministry; they will not be represented in the new cabinet.

Thus the Tusar government is a coalition of the social democrats, national socialists, progressives, agrarians and Slovaks against the natinal democrats and the people’s party. It is not a socialist government, although naturally socialist demands will receive more favorable consideration than from the first cabinet. Tusar himself, for twenty years active in socialist politics, is a man of great common sense and keenly aware of his responsibility. In an interview given by him to the correspondent of the Chicago News, Tusar indicated plainly that he was no theorist and that he would encourage no economic experiments. In his first address to the National Assembly Tusar had this to say about socialism and economic changes: “In socialism which before war was purely critical there are also great constructive forces. The times demand that we make use of those forces and strive toward such an organization of production, as would answer to the ideals of the workingmen, and at the same time secure unbroken continuity of production during the period of rebuilding. The government intends to go in this direction with firmness but also with great circumspection, being fully aware that the organization of production is a very sensitive organism which will not bear forcible or hurried interference.”

On July 4 Prague celebrated Independence Day with more enthusiasm than most American cities. All the newspapers had appropriate articles, the whole city was decorated with American and Allied flags, and in the afternoon the largest hall of the city on the Žofín island was crowded with representatives of the government, university, city, foreign diplomats and legionaries from America. Richard T. Crane, the American minister, and President Masaryk were the principal speakers. Masaryk said: “There are as many democracies, as there are nations and states. For myself I find that the principles of the American democracy appeal to me most and I accept them. At this moment I can declare that those principles have ever been and ever will be the leading principles of my politics and of all my life.”

Two days later the whole nation celebrated, unhindered for the first time, the anniversary of the death of John Hus. The night of July 5 great funeral pyres burned on all hills of the Czechoslovak Republic in memory of the fire at which Hus was martyred: and the following day every city and almost every village had a celebration with a noted speaker as the center of the fete.


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 The Commission, assisted in case of need by the necessary forces, shall have general powers of administration. In particular, it shall at once provide for filling the places of the evacuated German authorities, and if necessary shall itself give orders for their evacuation, and proceed to fill the places of such local authorities as may be required. It shall take all steps which it thinks proper to ensure the freedom, fairness, and secrecy of the vote. It shall be assisted by Glerman and Danish technical advisers chosen by it from among the local population. Its decisions will be taken by a majority.

One half of the expenses of the Commission and of the expenditure occasioned by the plebiscite shall be paid by Germany.

(2) The right to vote shall be given to all persons, without distinction of sex, who:

(a) Have completed their twentieth year at the date of the coming into force of the present Treaty; and

(b) Were born in the zone in which the plebiscite is taken, or have been domiciled there since a date before January 1, 1900, or had been expelled by the German authorities without having retained their domicile there.

Every person will vote in the commune (Gemeinde) where he is domiciled or of which he is a native.

Military persons, officers, non-commissioned officers and soldiers of the German army, who are natives of the zone of Schleswig in which the plebiscite is taken, shall be given the opportunity to return to their native place in order to take part in the voting there.

(3) In the section of the evacuated zone lying to the north of a line, from East to West (shown by a red line on map No. 4 which is annexed to the present Treaty):

passing south of the island of Alsen and following the median line of Flensburg Fjord,

leaving the fjord about 6 kilometres north of Flensburg and following the course of the stream flowing past Kupfermühle upstream to a point north of Niehuus,


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 passing north of Pattburg and Ellund and south of Fröslee to meet the eastern boundary of the Kreis of Tondern at its junction with the boundary between the old jurisdictions of Slogs and Kjær (Slogs Herred and Kjœr Herred),

following the latter boundary to where it meets the Scheidebek,

following the course of the Scheidebek (Alte Au), Süder Au and Wied Au downstream successively to the point where the latter bends northwards about 1,500 metres west of Ruttebüll,

thence, in a west-north-westerly direction to meet the North Sea north of Sieltoft,

thence, passing north of the island of Sylt,

the vote above provided for shall be taken within a period not exceeding three weeks after the evacuation of the country by the German troops and authorities.

The result will be determined by the majority of votes cast in the whole of this section. This result will be immediately communicated by the Commission to the Principal Allied and Associated Powers and proclaimed.

If the vote results in favour of the reincorporation of this territory in the Kingdom of Denmark, the Danish Government in agreement with the Commission will be entitled to effect its occupation with their military and administrative authorities inmiediately after the proclamation.

(4) In the section of the evacuated zone situated to the south of the preceding section and to the north of the line which starts from the Baltic Sea 13 kilometres from Flensburg and ends north of the islands of Oland and Langeness, the vote will be taken within a period not exceeding five weeks after the plebiscite shall have been held in the first section.

The result will be determined by communes (Gemeinden), in accordance with the majority of the votes cast in each commune (Gemeinde).

Pending a delimitation on the spot, a frontier line will be fixed by the Principal Allied and Associated Powers according to a line based on the result of the voting, and proposed by the International Commission, and taking into account the particular geographical and economic conditions of the localities in question.


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Page:Journal of the Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society (IA journalofstra35361901roya).pdf/187

 Notes of a Tour through the Siamese States on the West Coast of the Malay Peninsula, 1900.

Having assumed charge of the Consulate in April this year and wishing to become acquainted with some of the Western Siamese States which have not been visited since 1894, I left Penang in the colonial launch Seabird at 10 P. M. on

Tuesday 11th December, taking with me Mr. PEEL, District Officer, Bukit Mertajam. I elected to go in December as the weather at this season is settled with a N. E. wind blowing from the land. It was a fine moonlight night and we reached the mouth of the Kedah river before daybreak.

Wednesday 12th December.—The Sultan's Secretary came on board at the entrance to the river and we reached the landing place at Alorstur about 6.0 4. M. Here I was received by some of the leading officials and a guard of honour and we drove in a carriage and pair to the Sultan's country house at Anak bukit. H. M. the RAJA MUDA accompanied us. I arranged to be at the Consulate at 9,0, previous notice having been given of my intended visit some time before. After breakfast we drove to the Consulate which has been lately repaired. Every assistance was given to me by the Kedah Officials. I enquired into several cases of minor importance and a considerable number of British subjects presented themselves for registration. Having des- patched the business in hand and arranged to attend the next day, we drove back to Anak bukit where I discussed various questions with the RAJA MUDA, At 3.0 P.M. I paid an official visit to H. H. the Sultan who is in very feeble health and at times hardly equal to transact public business. Having taken leave of the Sultan we proceeded with the RAJA MUDA to in- spect the Public Offices. The buildings are excellently adapted for the purpose and present quite an imposing appearance, though