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 in the Spring We must therefore inquire into other more true causes of old Age and Death, which to me seem to be the following;

I suppose, that the Blood is the principle of life, as far as 'tis vital, that is, in motion by the hot particles contained therein; so that those, who expire by Age, do not dye for being destitute of blood, which is found abundant and laudable enough in their vessels, and which hath been sufficiently repaired till then; but because it ceaseth to be vital, by reason of the too easie dissipation of the igneous particles, which make it such: Which, in my opinion, comes to pass, as it doth in Wine, which evaporates and loseth its strength by the fault of the Vessel, which by some opening or other gives passage to what gives vertue to the Wine. The Tunicles and Membranes of the Veins and Arteries which inclose the blood, wearin time away and wax-thin, and their Texture gives, and breaks in several places, at which apertures the igneous particles abandon the blood: As in Stuffs and Cloth (whose woof is in a manner like that of the Tunicles) the Threds by wearing do loosen, and break, insomuch that many holes are made in it as in a Sieve. So that, if we had the Art to reinforce and to strengthen anew those Coats and Membranes, that they might not let slip what maketh the blood vital, the life would be preserved perpetually. For a proof of which, this may serve for the present, that the life of many dying persons is maintain'd, for some time, by making them swallow some hot and spirituous liquor, as spirit of Wine, or some Essence, by which the blood is fortified and quickned for some moments: But as this reinforcement of life, conveyed to the heart, and running into the Veins, soon slips out, so also this new vigor passeth away quickly.

As there is no reason to despair of finding out such Medicins, or Aliments, as are proper to strengthen the Coats and Membranes of the Vessels, so as they may at all times retain the fiery and spirituous corpuscles of the blood, as well as in the time of Youth; We may also hope to be enabled to maintain the blood in a condition alwayes to furnish alike, as in our vigorous Age, for all the functions of life: The Engine of our body being not unlike to a Chymists Furnace, which at first well retaining the


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 EDITOR'S EDITORIAL CHIT - CHAT. "PETERSON" FOR 1862- BETTER THAN EVER.-On the cover, this month, will be found our Prospectus for 1862. Every year's experience teaches us how to do better for our subscribers. The proof of the superiority of this Magazine, all things considered, to other ladies' magazines, is in the fact that it had, last year, a larger circulation than any other in the United States, or even in the world, and promises to outstrip its cotemporaries to an even greater degree in 1862. As some earnest of what we intend to do, we offer this number to the public. We do not fear to say, in advance, that no other magazine, whatever its price, will be able to equal our illustrations. "The Little Wood-Chopper," " Letting in the New Year," the splendid Berlin pattern, and the fashion-plate, will, we predict, have no rivals anywhere. The literary matter will speak for itself. The Work-Table Department contains patterns that are worth the entire subscription price. The cheapness of this Magazine is a point to which we wish particularly to direct attention. Everything that is to be had in a three dollar magazine can be had here for two dollars, and much of it, as the newspaper press universally declares, of a higher quality than elsewhere. Now is the time to get up clubs ! Everybody will subscribe for " Peterson," if its claims are fairly presented, unless a promise has been given to take some other magazine. Be, therefore, the first in the field. A specimen will be sent, gratis, ifwritten for, to show to acquaintances, so that you need not injure your own copy. Don't lose a moment!

TABLE.

EXPLANATIONS OF CROCHET STITCHES.-As we are frequently applied to, by new subscribers, for the meaning of the abbreviations we use in crochet, we give here a description of these abbreviations. Chain Stitch, abbreviation (Ch.), is made by forming a loop on the thread, then inserting the hook, and drawing the thread through the loop already made. Continue this, forming a succession of stitches. Slip Stitch (never abbreviated) is made by drawing a thread at once through any given stitch and the loop on the needle. Single Crochet, abbreviation (Sc. ) Having a loop on the needle, insert the hook in a stitch, and draw the thread through in a loop. You then have two on the hook ; draw the thread through both at once. Double Crochet, abbreviation (Dc. ) Twist the thread round the hook before inserting it in the stitch through which you draw the thread in a loop. There will then be three loops on the hook ; draw the thread through two, and then through the onejust formed, and the remaining one. Treble Crochet, abbreviated (Tc.), is done in the same way as (Dc.), only observing to twist the thread twice round the hock before inserting it into the stitch. Long Treble Crochet, abbreviated ( Ltc.), is done in the same way as Dc., only observing to twist the thread threo times round the hook before inserting it into the stitch. Square Crochet is also sometimes used, (no abbreviation). The squares are either open or close. An open square consists of one Dc. two Ch., missing two on the line beneath before making the next stitch. A close square has three successive Dc. Thus, any given number of close squares, followed by an open, will have so many times three Dc. USELESS ACCOMPLISHMENTS.-Much precious time and and one over; consequently any foundation for square hard-earned money are frequently spent in the accumu- crochet must have a number that can be divided by three, lation of accomplishments by those who would be far more having one over. wisely and properly employed in learning those duties To Contract an Edge.-This may be done in Dc., Tc., or which life, as it is now constituted, demands of the great Ltc. Twist the thread round the hook as often as required, majority. Let the hours spent upon music by those who insert it in the work and half do a stitch. Instead of finishhave no ear, upon drawing by those who have no eye, anding it, twist the thread round again, until the same number upon the languages by those who never after speak any of loops are on, and work a stitch entirely, so that, for two but their mother tongue, be added together, year after stitches, there is only one head. year, and then just ask yourselves the question, What is To Join on a Thread.-Joins should be avoided as much it all for? Why is it that hard-working fathers and care- as possible in open work. In joining, finish the stitch by worn mothers, who have little or nothing to leave their drawing the new thread through, leaving two inches for daughters, so unhesitatingly bow to the supposed necessity both ends, which must be held in. of this expensive outlay? Is it because they think it will To Use Several Colors.-This is done in Sc. Hold the add to their permanent comfort, or worth, or improvement? threads not in use on the edge of the work, and work them No; but it is because they think it genteel. Now this is in. Change the color by beginning the stitch in the old all wrong. First make your daughters good housewives : color, and finishing it with the new, continuing the work then, if they have any special talent, cultivate that. It is with the latter, holding in the old. If only one stitch is better to do one thing well, than a dozen things badly: to wanted in the new color, finish one stitch and begin the excel in a single accomplishment, than pretend to many next with it, then change. and fail in all. To Work Over Cord.- Hold the cord in the left hand with the work and work over it, as you would over an end METHOD OF ASCERTAINING THE STATE OF THE LUNGS.-Per- of thread, working closely. When beads are used, they sons desirous of ascertaining the true state of theirlungs are must be first threaded on the silk or thread, and then dropdirected to draw in as much breath as they conveniently ped according to the pattern on the wrong side of the work. can ; they are then to count as far as they are able, in a A Star is always used to mark repetitions. It will be slow and audible voice, without drawing in more breath, seen that whenever a star (*) is used, another similar one is The number of seconds they can continue counting must sure to be found, the repetition occurring between the two. be carefully observed. In a consumption, the time does not exceed ten, and is frequently less than six seconds ; in ANOTHER PREMIUM.-Instead of the extra copy, or Album, pleurisy and pneumonia it ranges from nine to four seconds. or Mezzotint, we will send as a premium, if preferred, a When the lungs are in a sound condition, the time will dollar and a quarter's worth of T. B. Peterson & Brother's range as high as from twenty to thirty-five seconds. publications. A catalogue (to choose from) sent gratis. 90

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 REVIEW OF NEW DIRECTIONS TO KNIT MITTENS.-Cast twenty stitches on each needle, knit twenty-five rows of ribbing, and twenty rows plain. Then take the twenty stitches that are upon one needle and knit sixteen rows, backward and forward. This is for the beginning of the thumb. Then take these twenty stitches on three needles, and knit round for sixteen rows, after which narrow gradually until the thumb is finished. Take up twenty stitches at the lower part of the thumb. There will then be sixty stitches on the three needles. Knit twenty rows. Take the twenty stitches nearest the thumb. join them on three needles, and knit twenty-two rows. Then narrow gradually until the finger is finished. Take the remaining forty stitches on three needles, and knit twenty-two rows. Narrow gradually till finished.

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manner. We cannot better illustrate this, and other qualities of our author, than by quoting the following passage on " Holding on to one's Calling or Profession." "Every one of you has just chosen his profession, or is about to make the choice. It is not my purpose to discuss that subject with you. The one duty which I do urge upon you, in connection with it, is, stick to your choice when made. I do not say, stick to it right or wrong. But, having begun on any course of action, let it not be an even weight of argument against it, which shall lead you to abandon it. Do not give up what you have deliberately chosen, unless the arguments for receding are a great deal stronger than those for going on. To change from one profession or business to another, is, in a great measure, to throw away all the progress you have made in the one already begun. It is to go back to the beginning of the course for a fresh start. The different professions, in this respect, are not so much parallel tracks, where you can be switched from one into another, without loss of progress, PRE-EMINENT ABOVE ALL -Says the Ebensburg (Pa.) Alle. but rather tracks radiating from a common center. Το pass from one to another, you must, in each case, go back ghanian : " Peterson stands pre-eminent in the ranks of to the original station. You must begin your career anew. caterers for the public, and especially is he popular with The comparison, of course, cannot be applied with rigor. the ladies. The reason of this is, he gives better engrav In many particulars it is not true; yet it has substantial The man who is tinkering away, first at one thing ings, more reliable fashion-plates, and choicer reading mat- truth. and then at another, rarely succeeds. It is not in the nater, at a lower price, than any other similar publication in ture of things that he should succeed . On the other hand, the United States. Let every lady of taste become a sub- a man's choice of a profession must be very bad indeed, if patient, persistent, tenacious continuance therein do not, scriber thereto-if she be not one already." Excellent ad- in the end, crown him with success. vice !-which we hope everybody will follow. "What is true of your purpose, is likewise true of your opinions. It is a great mistake to suppose that you are ORIGINAL PICTURES FOR EMBELLISHMENTS.-It will be bound to discard a fixed belief of your mind because an observed that our beautiful mezzotint, "The Little Wood- ingenious opponent may pay you with arguments, which, at the time, you cannot answer. Beliefs are a sort of Chopper," is from an original picture. There will be a growth-a gradual accretion of the mind- through a long series of years. It is very difficult for any man, on the mezzotint, even prettier, in our February number, also from an original picture by the same artist. We believe spur of the moment, to give all the reasons which may have conduced to any one of his beliefs. Those reasons, no other magazine, in the world, goes to the expense of from time to time, have been brought to the cognizance of having pictures painted for its engraver. But we are de- the mind, have wrought their work upon the convictions, and then have been forgotten. The resultant beliefs, like termined to spare no cost in order to excel. successive strata, remain as a sort of fixed. permanent de posit. This is the order of nature, in mind as well as in ARTIFICIAL ROSES.-The Empress of the French has given matter; and it is right that it should be so. Otherwise we her patronage to a description of artificial white roses. The should be forever afloat on the sea of opinion. Cultivate, this habit of tenacity, as well in your opinions as in substance of which these charming flowers are made is ob- then, your course of life. It is no harm to be a little dogged tained from the bamboo, the fortunate patentee having dis- sometimes. Do not give up your creed because some speman presses you with arguments that you cannot covered a means for overcoming the extreme fragility of cialty answer. You could answer them, had you made the subthe material. ject a hobby, as he has done. You could answer them, if you had the leisure to review, seriatim, the steps by which you have come to your present stage of belief. Only be careful and honest, in the first place in forming your REVIEW OF NEW BOOKS. opinions, and then be willing to place some confidence in your own mental results. Do not be badgered out of your Some of the Mistakes of Educated Men. The Biennial by every whipster that comes along prating about Address before the Phrenakosmian Society ofPennsylvania position old fogyism and the progress of the age." College, Gettysburg, Pa. By John S. Hart, LL.D. DeFor Better For Worse. A Novel. 1 vol., 12 mo. Philada : livered September 18, 1861. Published by Request of the Society. 1 vol., 8 vo., 40 pp. Philada : C. Sherman & Son, T. B. Peterson & Brothers.-This is a reprint of a story, Printers.-Addresses delivered on occasions of this cha- which lately appeared in " Temple Bar," a London magaracter are usually very dull affairs. Some learned college zine edited by G. A. Sala. It is that rare thing, a wellDon, emerging from his dusty den, with a brain cob-webbed told love-tale. Free from sickly sentimentality, yet full of all over with Greek particles or Hebrew verbs, and with no romance, " For Better for Worse" is a master-piece of its practical knowledge of life later than the times of Socrates, kind ; and say what you will, there is no theme, which, gets up, in presence of a promiscuous audience, and, blink- when rightly told, is so absorbing as first love ! No "sening like some ancient owl, mumbles over a few words which sation" story is more fascinating than this : yet, unlike such few can hear and fewer still can understand ; but which, if stories, " For Better for Worse" is not exaggerated. The heard and understood, would be about as applicable to the characters of the three sisters, Margaret, Ethel, and Grace, wants of this nineteenth century as a primitive hand-mill, are admirably contrasted: the reader hardly knows which or a stone arrow-head. But, thanks to Professor Hart ! we to admire the most; though Margaret, perhaps, will be have here something of a different kind. This is a real, generally the favorite. The novel closes in smiles and sunlive college address. It is full of practical advice, adapted shine, as all good love-stories should. Even the marriago to young men just graduating. Few essays contain so of Ethel, which, at first, threatens to make her and Philip miserable for life, proves a happy one in the end. But we much in so little space. What pemmican is to other food, will not forestall the reader's pleasure. this is to ordinary literary aliment. We have rarely read a discourse so lucid in style, so felicitous in illustration, or Essays. Bythe late George Brimley. 1 vol., 12 mo. New so full of sound every-day sense. If young men would fol- York: Rudd & Carleton.- The writer of these essays was a low the precepts of this address, they could not fail to rise young Englishman, who died too soon for his fame or his in life. A great merit of the discourse is that its didactics friends. The papers are on " Wordsworth," "Tennyson," never grow tiresome. Professor Hart has the happy faculty and others. R. H. Stoddard, the poet, contributes a graceof saying even the tritest things in a fresh and strikingful introduction to the volume.

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HORTICULTURAL. - HEALTH

Songs in Many Keys. By Oliver Wendell Holmes. 1 vol., 12 mo. Boston: Ticknor & Fields.-What a wonderful man is Holmes ! Poet, wit, essayist, novelist, lecturerwhere, in all the land, is his equal ? Lately he came before us in " Elsie Verner," still more lately in the guise of a writer on science, and now he makes his appearance in a collection of poems, which would create a reputation for any other man. We recognize a score of old favorites in this volume. The book is printed and bound with the taste that distinguishes the publications of Ticknor & Fields. Eugenie Grandet ; or, The Miser's Daughter. By Honore de Balzac. 1 vol., 12 mo. New York : Rudd & Carleton.To those who cannot read French this translation of one of Balzac's best tales will be quite an acquisition. In a certain line no novels excel Balzac's. The usual objections to French fictions do not apply to this work. The heroine is exquisitely delineated ; she moves before us, real flesh and blood; and we love and respect her the more, because there is no exaggeration in the picture. The whole story has not only the minute fidelity of a photograph, but also, what no photograph has, color. Poems. By John G. Saze. 1 vol., 18 mo. Boston : Ticknor & Fields.-An edition, in " blue and gold," ofthe writings in verse of that popular poet, John G. Saxe.

DEPARTMENT.

whole growth for the ensuing twelve months is completed in about three weeks ; and if you desire to have fine foliage and a fine setting of bloom-buds for the next winter, you must give your plant every advantage of light and food during these critical three weeks. The Chinese Azaleas are of very easy culture. Regular watering is almost the only care they need ; for, being quite hardy, they will bloom well even in a room where " Jack Frost" occasionally ventures to intrude. The main point in growing them is to watch them well when they are making the spring growth ; for, as in the case of camelias, the state of the next year's foliage and bloom is settled at that time; do not, therefore, neglect to water them regularly, and give a little liquid manure every other day. It may be as well to add that the best soil for the azalea is made by mixing equal quantities of decomposed manure, turf-loam, and garden soil. For the camelia, one-half turfloam, one-third manure from an old hot-bed, and the rest leafand mould from the woods. (Turf-loam is got by laying up sods, from a good piece of old meadow or pasture, in a heap to heat and decay.)

HEALTH DEPARTMENT. EARLY RISING AND EXERCISE.-Clear, healthful, and invigorating plays the breeze upon the cheek these fair HORTICULTURAL. mornings. Clearer, healthier, more invigorating by far OUR WINDOW GARDEN.- The two finest genera of plants, than that breathed and breathed again in chambers closed for parlor cultivation, are undoubtedly the Camelia and the long night through. Come, rouse yourself from your Azalea. They are both remarkable for the beauty of their lethargic slumbers. Open your eyes upon the new-born flowers; are easily cultivated; and, taken together, will day. Get up, I say. The first plunge out is half the furnish a bloom for the window during the whole winter battle. Come out through the open fields, and look the and spring. The camelias are in their perfection in the blessed world face to face while the day is young. But no. early part of the winter ; the azaleas in the last part- and You will not make the effort : resolutely you turn away the latter are as desirable for the profusion and elegance your drowsy head, and close your eyes against the clear, of their blossoms, as the former are for the size and richness brilliant light streaming in through the window-blinds. of their flowers. These two plants, in all their varieties, Not yet has the late sitting-up of the night previous been would fill a large conservatory ; but a few select varieties atoned for by the sleep into broad day. It is far too early will amply adorn the drawing-room, and fully repay the yet; the morning is so cold ; the parlor not yet worked up care bestowed upon them. to steaming heat. What though the morn be slightly The greatest evils the camelia has to contend with inclouded or not, yet do the sunbeams pierce through the parlor culture, are: first, from a dusty atmosphere ; second, lower branches? Come out with me. Wrapped in a warm from sudden changes from heat to cold. The breathing shawl, how much healthier and happier will you feel out pores in the leaf of the camelia are small, and are easily in the glad, fresh world, filling the lungs with the clear, choked up with the dust of a grate or stove. Therefore the buoyant air! Come and gaze upon the broad blue heavens. leaves should be well washed off with a syringe about once Oh! come and prove for yourself how much healthier, and a week. The best plan is to wrap the pot round with a happier, and more contented you will be, out among the piece of coarse cloth, to prevent the soil from being dis- glorious creations of a wonder-working God, than lolling placed, then set the plants down sideways in a large tub, away the hours before breakfast in listless, apathetic indolence, lounging down to the breakfast parlor late in the and give it a gentle shower-bath of lukewarm water. As regards the second point, the camelia will bear a forenoon dull and unrefreshed, to sit before the strong fire great deal of cold without injury; but it quickly suffers if in an easy-chair, nursing a sick headache, doors and winthere is a sudden change in the temperature of the apart- dows closed, blinds carefully drawn, lest the glad beams of ment. It should, therefore, have a position as much guarded the sunny light offend your weary eyes. See how your against these transitions as possible. When the blooming face glows at the mention of a ball. With what alacrity season approaches, the room should be kept of a nearly uni- you go to your dress-maker ! how fresh and strong you are form temperature, and never sink below fifty degrees Fah- for shopping ! But these things over, and the stupid loll, renheit. The plants should be regularly watered; but no the fretful sigh, and the eternal round of complaining commore water should be given than the roots are able to take mences again. up, which may be ascertained by the state of the top soil. Do you know how much self-enjoyment you are losing? If this looks wet, you may be satisfied that the roots are Hear Betty singing and laughing pleasantly in the kitchen. moisture therefore, watering not in need of omit the Coarse, ungraceful, and ignorant as she is, God looks upon for a day or two. When the plant begins to bloom freely, her with more favor than upon you. She is filling up the it is well to water it once a week (not oftener) with guano measure of her life usefully. You are wasting yours. She water, made by infusing one pound of guano in ten gallons is living for something-doing good to somebody. You are of water. This will give additional size and strength to ruining yourself, and living to the injury of those around the blossoms. After the flowers drop off, and the plant you. Yes, you render them uncomfortable by your ungracommences to grow, guano water may be used twice or cious words, your gloomy repinings, your moody silence ; even three times a week. Everything for the next year you damp the spirits of those around you ; you live not only depends on the growth of the camelia at this time; for its to do no good, but to do positive injury. What are the glad
 * and,

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 PARLOR AMUSEMENTS. - RECEIPTS. blue skies, the green trees, the wild, dancing winds, the clear, sparkling waters, the fragrant flowers to such as you ? Your mind is vacant-your society wearisome. Take exercise. Exercise not only your limbs, but the affections and principles God has given you. Set yourself to work for the household good ; do some office that will call for energy and a little thought; don't scruple to use those fair hands of yours, nor fear that by exertion you will lose the distingue air and look of colorless aristocracy. Don't come down to your death-bed to feel that you are going before all heaven to be called an unfaithful servant. Happiness, like every other precious good, must be sought for. Some people, to be sure, are born like sunshine-they are naturally pleasant and light-hearted ; but these are few and far between, and always monopolized. Emulate them. Why may not you be as cheerful as they? They have their trials and private annoyances as well as you, and with some effort you can cull as many flowers and catch as many sunbeams as they. We firmly believe that many a case of chronic ugliness might be cured through the means of healthy exercise. Get up, then, and shake off your sloth ; send that dead black blood through the channels of your body-let it come up to your sallow cheeks in red waves ; come to the resolution that you give your blood a quicker circulation ; your hearts will be the sooner purified, and made meet for the joys, and strong for the trials, of life.

PARLOR AMUSEMENTS. AIR AND WATER BALLOON.- Procure a small hollow glass Tessel, the shape of a balloon, the lower part of which is open, and place it in water, with the mouth downward, so that the air within prevents the water filling it. Then fill a deep glass jar nearly to the top with water, and place the balloon to float on its surface ; tie over the jar with bladder, so as to confine the air between it and the surface of the water. Press the hand on the bladder, when more water will enter the balloon, and it will soon sink to the bottom of the jar; but, on removing your hand, the balloon will again ascend slowly to the surface. WATER HEAVIER THAN WINE.-Let a tumbler be half-filled with water, and fit upon its surface a piece of white paper, upon which pour wine ; then carefully draw out the paper, say with a knitting-needle, so as to disturb the liquids as little as possible, and the water, being the heavier, will continue at the lower part of the glass ; whilst the wine, being the lighter, will keep above it. But, if a glass be first half-filled with wine, and water be poured over it, it will at once sink through the wine, and both liquids will be mixed. TO INFLATE A BLADDER WITHOUT AIR.- Put a teaspoonful ofether into a moistened bladder, the neck of which tie up tightly; pour hot water upon the bladder, and the ether, by expanding, will fill it out.

RECEIPTS FOR SOUPS. In the December number of the Magazine we gave some valuable hints with regard to the making of good, cheap, and nourishing soups. We now give some receipts for making stocks for soups. Brown Stock - Put ten pounds of shin of beef, six pounds ofknuckle of veal, and some sheep's-trotters or a cow-heel, into a closely-covered stewpan, to draw out the gravy very gently, and allow it nearly to dry up until it becomes brown. Then pour in sufficient boiling water to entirely cover the meat, and let it boil up, skimming it frequently; seasoning it with whole peppers and salt, roots, herbs, and vegetables of any kind. That being done, let it boil gently

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five or six hours, pour the broth from off the meat, and let it stand during the night to cool. The following morning take off the scum and fat, and put it away in a stonejar for further use. Or:-Put into a stewpan a piece of beef, a piece of veal, an old fowl, some slices of ham or bacon, and all the trimmings of meat that can be obtained ; add to these materials, where such things are abundant, partridge, grouse, or other game, which may not be sufficiently young and tender for the spit. Put a little water to it, just enough to cover half the meat, and stew very gently over a slow fire or steam apparatus. When the top piece is done through, cover the meat with boiling water or broth; season with spices and vegetables ; stew all together for eight or ten hours in an uncovered stewpan ; skim off the fat, and strain the liquor through a fine sieve, or " tammy." Brown stock may be made from brisket, flank, or shin of beef; which will, either together or separately, make a strong jelly, if stewed down with a piece of ham or lean bacon, in the proportion of half a pound to every seven pounds of meat ; but the shin of beef alone will afford a stronger and better flavor. This stock may also be reduced to a glaze by boiling the skimmed liquor as fast as possible in a newly- tinned stewpan, until it becomes of the desired consistence and of a good brown color; taking care at the same time to prevent it from burning. For a cheap and good Brown Gravy.-Slice three onions, and fry them in butter a nice brown; toast a large slice of bread a considerable time, till quite hard and very brown, but not burnt. Set these, and any bit of meat, or bone of a leg of mutton, etc., and some herbs, on the fire, with water in proportion, and stew till the gravy is thick and rich : add salt and pepper, strain off, and keep cool. White Stock -Take a scrag or knuckle of veal, an oxheel, or calf's-head, together with an old fowl and the trimmings of any white poultry or game which can be had, and lean ham in the proportion of one pound to every fourteen pounds of meat. Cut it all into pieces, add three or four large unroasted onions and heads of celery, with a few blades of mace ; but neither carrots, pepper, nor spice of any other kind; put just water enough to cover it. Let it boil for five hours, it is then fit for use.

RECEIPTS FOR DESSERTS. Custard Cream.-Boil half a pint of new milk with a piece of lemon-peel, two peach-leaves, a stick of cinnamon, and eight lumps of white sugar. Should cream be employed instead of milk, there will be no occasion to strain it. Beat the yolks, say of four eggs ; strain the milk through coarse muslin, or a hair sieve ; then mix the eggs and milk very gradually together, and simmer it gently on the fire, stirring it until it thickens, but removing it the moment it begins to boil, or it will curdle The addition of a glass of brandy beaten up with it materially improves its flavor. Flummery.- Put three large handfuls ofvery small white oatmeal to steep a day and night in cold water; then pour it off clear, and add as much more water, and let it stand the same time. Strain it through a fine hair sieve, and boil it till it be as thick as hasty pudding, stirring it well all the time. When first strained, put to it one large spoonful of white sugar and two of orange-flower water. Pour it into shallow dishes, and serve to eat with wine, cider, milk, or cream and sugar. It is very good. - Solid Syllabub.-Grate off the peel of a lemon with lump, sugar, and dissolve the sugar in three-quarters of a pint of wine : add the juice of half a lemon and quarter of a pint of cream ; whisk the whole together until of a proper thickness, and then put it into glasses.

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RECEIPTS.

Rice Custards.-Sweeten a pint of milk with loaf-sugar, boil it with a stick of cinnamon, stir in sifted ground rice till quite thick. Take it off the fire; add the whites of three eggs well beaten; stir it again over the fire for two or three minutes, then put it into cups that have lain in cold water; do not wipe them. When cold, turn them out, and put them into the dish in which they are to be served ; pour round them a custard made of the yolks of the eggs and little more than a half-pint of milk. Put on the top a little red currant jelly or raspberry jam. A pretty supper dish. Dumplings Quickly Made.- Beat four eggs and strain them ; mix four ounces of flour very smoothly with a pint of milk; add to it the eggs, strain it again, and flavor the batter with sugar and nutmeg ; butter some teacups, fill them three parts full, and put them into an oven : they will take a quarter of an hour, and, if well mixed, will be equal to custard. Or:-These ingredients will make an excellent batter pudding, if boiled for half an hour in a cloth. French Flummery.-Boil slowly two ounces of isinglass shavings in a quart of cream fifteen minutes. Stir all the time, and sweeten it with loaf-sugar, not pounded, lest any dust should be in it ; add a spoonful of rose-water and the same of orange-flower water. Strain it into a basin or form, and serve with baked pears round it. wwwm RECEIPTS FOR CAKES, ETC. To Make a Tea Cake.- Rub into a quart of dried flour of the finest kind a quarter of a pound of butter; then beat up two eggs with two teaspoonfuls of sifted sugar, and two tablespoonfuls of washed brewer's, or unwashed distiller's yeast ; pour this liquid mixture into the center of the flour, and add a pint of warm milk as you mix it; beat it up with the hand until it comes off without sticking; set it to rise before the fire, having covered it with a cloth; after it has remained there an hour, make it up into goodsized cakes an inch thick ; set them in tin plates to rise before the fire during ten minutes, then bake them in a slow oven. These cakes may be split and buttered hot from the oven, or split, toasted, and buttered after they are cold. To Make Rusks.-Beat up seven eggs, mix them with half a pint of warm, new milk, in which a quarter of a pound of butter has been melted, add a quarter of a pint of yeast and three ounces of sugar ; put them gradually into as much flour as will make a light paste nearly as thin as batter; let it rise before the fire half an hour, add more flour to make it a little stiffer, work it well, and divide it into small loaves, or cakes, about five or six inches wide, and flatten them. When baked and cold, put them in the oven to brown a little. These cakes, when first baked, are very good buttered for tea; if they are made with caraway seeds, they eat very nice cold. Icing for Cakes.-Break almost to a powder a fewpounds of ice, and throw in among it a large handful and a half of salt; the ice and salt being in a bucket, put your cream into an ice-pot and cover it ; immerse it in the ice, and draw that round the pot so that it may cover every part; in a few minutes put a spatula or spoon in, and stir it well to remove the parts that are round the edges to the center. If the ice-cream or water be in form, shut the bottom close and move the whole in the ice ; as you cannot use a spoon to this without danger of waste, there should be holes in the bucket to let the ice off as it thaws. Rice Custards.-Put a blade of mace and a quartered nutmeg into a quart of cream; boil and strain it, and add to it some boiled rice and a little brandy. Sweeten it to faste, stir it till it thickens, and serve it up in cups or in a dish. It may be used either hot er cold.

MISCELLANEOUS RECEIPTS. Invisible Inks.-These are preparations used for writing on paper, the marks of which are invisible until acted upon by some reagent. They are frequently employed in playful or secret correspondence. We give receipts for five which we have tested or seen, and at different times. 1. Solution of acetate of cobalt, to which a little nitre has been added, becomes rose-colored when heated, and disappears again when cool. 2. Aquafortis, spirits of salts, oil ofvitriol, common salt, or saltpetre, dissolved in a large quantity of water, turn yellow or brown when heated. 3. The diluted solutions of nitrate of silver and terchloride of gold, darken when exposed to the sunlight. 4. Solution of nitromuriate of cobalt turns green when heated, and disappears again on cooling. 5. Sulphate of copper and sal-ammoniac, equal parts, dissolved in water, writes colorless, but turns yellow on becoming heated. To Restore Hangings, Curtains, Chairs, etc.- Beat the dust out of them as clean as possible, then rub them over with a dry brush, and make a good lather of Castile soap, and rub them well over with a hard brush ; then take clean water, and with it wash off the froth ; make a water with alum, and wash them over with it, and when dry, most of the colors will be restored in a short time ; and those that are yet too faint must be touched up with a pencil dipped in suitable colors : it may be run all over in the same manner with water-colors mixed well with gum -water, and it will look at a distance like new. Fire and Water-Proof Cement.- To half a pint of milk put an equal quantity of vinegar, in order to curdle it: then separate the curd from the whey, and mix the whey with the whites of four or five eggs, beating the whole together. When it is well mixed, add a little quick- limo through a sieve, until it has acquired the consistency of thick paste. With this cement, broken vessels and cracks of all kinds can be mended. It dries quickly, and resists the action of fire and water. Varnish for Brass Work.-To a pint of spirits of wine, put one ounce of turmeric powder, two drachms of best annatto, and two drachms of saffron. Let it stand ten days, shaking the bottle often, and filter through coarse muslin into a clean bottle : add then three ounces of clean seedlac, and shake the bottle often for fourteen days. The brass, if large, must be first warmed, so as to heat the hand, and the varnish then applied with a brush. The varnish gives the brass rails of desks, etc., a beautiful appearance. To Make Red Sealing- Wax.-Take of shellac, well powdered, two parts ; of resin and vermilion, powdered, each one part; mix them well together, and melt them over a gentle fire, and when the ingredients seem thoroughly incorporated, work the wax into sticks. Where shellac cannot be procured, seed-lac may be substituted for it. To Make Paper Fire-Proof.- Nothing more is necessary than to dip the paper in a strong solution of alum-water, and when thoroughly dry it will resist the action of flame. Some paper requires to imbibe more of the solution than it will take up at a single immersion, and the process must bo repeated until it becomes thoroughly saturated. Dr. Johnson's Receipt for Rheumatism.- Take of flowers of sulphur, flour of mustard, each half an ounce ; honey or molasses, a sufficient quantity to form an electuary. Tho size of a nutmeg to be taken several times a day, drinking after it a quarter of a pint of the decoction of lovage root. To Glaze or Varnish Drawings.-One ounce of Canada balsam, two ounces of oil of turpentine, well dissolved. Tho drawing should be previously washed over with a solution of isinglass. Birdsnest Pudding.- Peel apples, and cover the bottom of a pie-dish with them whole ; pour over them a batter, or custard, more or less rich according to circumstances, and bake in a quick oven.

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To Escape From or Go Into a House on Fire.- Creep or about an inch in width, the ends falling below the cape. crawl with your face near the ground, and, although the On the top of the bonnet is a cluster of black Garabaldi room be full of smoke to suffocation, yet near the floor the and ponceau roses, with steel-sprinkled balls and a steel air is pure, and may be breathed with safety. The best leaf. Extending from the flowers on either side is a plaitescape from upper windows is a knotted rope ; but ifa leaping of black velvet, finished with black lace over white is unavoidable, then the bed should be thrown out first, or about three inches wide. The inside is faced with white beds prepared for the purpose. silk covered with black lace ; the top has a cluster of flowers to correspond with the outside, and on both sides of the flowers a loop of ponceau velvet edged with black lace and one of black velvet ; a band of black velvet extends down FASHIONS FOR JANUARY. the front, finished on both sides by narrow black lace over FIG. 1.-EVENING DRESS OF PINK TULLE.-The bottom of white. Black strings edged with white. FIG. X.-ANOTHER BONNET from Mrs. Cripps, is a Prince the skirt is trimmed with four flounces edged with narrow white blonde. Above the flounces is a narrow gathered of Wales purple velvet reception bonnet, plain cape, the frill. The upper part of the skirt is puffed lengthwise, and plaiting at the top faced with white silk. On the top is a separated by narrow gathered frills. White tulle under- purple flower, a steel-sprinkled leaf and balls ; the cluster sleeves, below the short pink cap. The berthe corresponds is surrounded by a white point lace about three inches in with the skirt. Wreath of flowers and ribbon. width which extends down the left side, at the bottom FIG. II .-BALL-DRESS OF WHITE TARLETANE.-The bottom finishing in a half rosette. On the right side is an aigrette of the skirt is trimmed with ruffles of tarletane, pinked ; feather, the most expensive and elegant feather that can above these are five puffings, and surmounting all is a rich be had. The inside is faced with white silk covered with black lace flounce, gathered on one side by a bow of tarle- black lace ; on each side is a band of purple velvet edged tane. Body and sleeves trimmed to correspond with the with narrow black lace over white. The top is trimmed skirt, Head-dress, a wreath of flowers. on the right side with a looped bow of purple velvet with FIG. III. THE ROSALIND, a cloak of black velvet, quite a steel buckle in the center; on the left, red flowers and leaves with steel balls and leaf; separating the clusters of full at the back. There is a square yoke behind, trimmed with gimp and wide Maltese lace. This lace extends to flowers from the bow is a red spray with green grass. FIG. XI.- GARABALDI SHIRT OF WHITE MUSLIN, embroidered the front of the cloak which has no yoke. The sleeves are with red working cotton. This shirt is to be worn under a larger, and are trimmed to correspond with the yoke. FIG. IV.—THE BEATRICE, a cloak of gray cloth, trimmed Zouave jacket. FIG. XII.- HEAD-DRESS OF BLACK SILK TULLE embroidered with a band of black velvet. This cloak falls in like a shawl behind, except that it is not pointed at the bottom, in spots, and trimmed with black blonde. Bows of ribbon - but nearly straight. The cape reaches a little below the are placed behind, and at the sides there is also a bow waist at the back. This, and the preceding cloak, are Paris covering the plaits which form the head-dress. FIG. XIII.- ROYAL ERMINE CAPE.- We have selected a set patterns, which we have just received. FIG. V. THE IMOGEN is a peculiarly neat cloak, from of royal ermine from Gunthers, 46 Maiden Lane, New York. Benson's, 310 Canal street, New York. The material is The cape, which we have illustrated, is remarkable, both for very fine French cloth and black. It is cut plain across the graceful fall of its folds about the person, and for the the shoulders, following the outline of the person, and exquisite purity of its fur. In forming a garment like this, slopes into gradual fullness from the waist down. At the the choicest skins are selected from the best that can be shoulders a graceful drapery is formed, which takes the imported from Russia, a single defect, or a tint of gold too effect of a flowing sleeve when the arms are in place, and much, is sufficient reason for rejection ; thus out of a hunslopes in graceful drapery to the bottom of the garment ; dred skins, perhaps not two can be found sufficiently perover this is worn a small Victorine, which forms a cape fect in all respects to form a portion of one of these truly behind, and falls in long, square tabs in front almost to the regal garments. In form, this cape is of easy fullness, ex"bottom of the garment. This Victorine, with the whole tending considerably below the waist, slightly pointed at garment, is trimmed at the edge with double rows of silk the back and extending down the front in rather long tabs, gimp. finished with crochet buttons and drops set thickly rounded at the ends and forming a half-circle when closed on the extreme edge. in front. The lining is of thick white silk neatly quilted, FIG. VI. THE PORTIA, from Benson's, 310 Canal street, and it is closed in front with four silk crochet buttons and New York. We have this month a French beaver cloth loops. sacque. It is very long, reaching nearly to the bottom of FIG. XIV.- ERMINE COLLAR.- This is a charming little the dress, and is trimmed round the bottom with three novelty, invented by the Gunthers, rather as an addition rows of gimp, two rows extending up the front. It has to the furs usually worn, than as a substitute for any porcoat sleeves, with a lappet on the front part, rounding off tion of them. It is fitted neatly to the neck, and gives a at the back and trimmed with two rows of braid. Large pretty finish to the dress early in the fall or spring. It is coachman's cape with small collar, trimmed like the sleeves, also very convenient for a protection to the neck when with the addition of one more row. going to dinner or evening parties, where lightness and FIG. VIL - BRAIDED MORNING DRESS.-This dress is made warmth are desirable. In fact, to those who wish comof slate-colored cashmere, braided in black. A kind ofvest pleteness to a rich set of furs, it is the most convenient is made by a puffing of white muslin or cashmere, and the thing in the world, and though not likely to supersede the Zouave jacket is like the skirt, and braided in black. Victorine or cape, is delightfully convenient as a change. FIG. VIII. OPERA CLOAK OF WHITE CASHMERE, trimmed We had intended to say something of the noble Russian with a figured velvet ribbon around the bottom, the sides, sables and minor furs, which have just passed under our and the hood. These two are Paris patterns. observation, but the subject is too unlimited for any space FIG. IX. PROMENADE BONNET, from Mrs. Cripps, 312 Canal we can afford this month. GENERAL REMARKS.-Though flounces and plaitings main street, New York, of plain black velvet. The cape is corded with white silk, and the joining of it to the bonnet istain paramount favor as trimmings for dresses, yet there covered by a three-cornered piece of black velvet, edged are others which may be pronounced decidedly fashionable. with white silk on two sides, and connected at the top of Bands of plush, for instance, have been employed for trimthe cape in the center by a bow of black velvet ribbon ming some of the newest silk dresses. A dress of brown

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silk has been trimmed with bands of plush of the same color. Another dress, composed of black silk, is ornamented with violet plush disposed in arabesque pattern. The corsage and sleeves are trimmed to correspond with the skirt, and a pelerine of plush is intended to be worn over the corsage. NARROW BANDS, OR ROWS OF VELVET, have again become fashionable as a trimming for plain or neglige dresses. Six, seven, or nine bands is the number usually employed for the skirt, and they may be of two different widths, those of the narrower width being placed alternately with the broader ones. Narrow fluted flounces placed round the lower part of the skirt in waves, or festoons, has a very pretty effect. Plaitings and bands of plain silk or velvet aro also sometimes disposed in waves. Passementerie or gimps will be much employed for ornamenting the fronts of skirts. The Greek pattern is one of the prettiest on dresses. It is usually made of velvet, though it may be formed of ribbon corresponding in color with the dress, or even of very wide worsted braid. The skirts of all the new dresses are long, expanding very much at the lower part, and gradually narrowing from the edge to the waist. Dresses braided, as in Fig. V, are very fashionable. Sometimes the braiding extends only up the skirt of the dress, and on the body and sleeves, but it is usually carried around the bottom of the skirt. One of the prettiest dresses for house wear which we have seen, was composed of a beautiful shade of purple cashmere, and braided in black around the bottom of the skirt and up the front. The Zouave jacket was also braided to correspond. THE GARABALDI SHIRT of white muslin, like Fig. VIII, is a beautiful addition to these dresses on a slender figure. As basques are out of style, one of the most economical articles of dress of which we know is the Garabaldi shirt. These shirts need no jacket over them, and one shirt will answer to wear with two or three old dress skirts, after the bodies are no longer fit for use. They can be made of either velvet, silk, merino, cashmere, or flannel. Gray or dark blue flannel is a favorite material ; and we have seen one of bright scarlet on quite a young lady, which looked charmingly with a black silk skirt. These skirts are much improved by braiding. DRESSES for the house and for walking, are still made in the Polonaise or Imperatrice style, that is, without any joining at the waist. SATIN will be a fashionable material for dresses during the winter. It has already found favor for bridal cos'tumes ; some of the newest wedding dresses being made of white satin. We have seen one with the skirt very long, and having a small round train; the trimming is composed of fluted quillings of satin, in five rows, placed on the lower part of the skirt, and not rising higher than a quarter ofa yard. Fashion has made white almost uniform for evening dresses. Some dresses of tulle and tarletanc are made with bows of the same material, which sometimes sustain the upper flounce ; at others, are thrown carelessly at intervals over the whole. Ribbon bows and flowers are also used. An evening dress of white tarletane, just completed for a young lady, is trimmed with fluted flounces at the lower part of the skirt. The corsage is full, and the fullness is drawn to a point in the center of the waist. A ceinture or waistband of blue silk has the ends edged with white blonde and black lace. A white muslin dress may be described as follows: The skirt is trimmed with narrow frills reaching from the edge to about the height of the knees, and disposed in a diagonal or slanting direction. Above them descends a flounce four or five inches broad. This flounce has a heading, through the center of which passes a puffing with a running of mauve-color ribbon. The corsage is low, and over it is a fichu trimmed with ruches. The sleeves are demi-long, and in puffs.

THE SWISS CAPE or FICHU is very popular for evening dress, and is to be worn over a low-necked body. It is made of muslin with narrow tucks or folds. It is finished at the throat by a narrow row of black velvet, and it is edged on each side by a broad row of velvet, forming braces, and terminating in a bow at the waist, both in front and behind. The dress has short sleeves formed of puffs, terminating with a frill, and under them are muslin sleeves with narrow folds, to correspond with the fichu. The muslin sleeves are confined at the wrists by bracelets of black velvet. WHILST DRESSES CONTINUE TO BE WORN LONG, and to require the skirt to be raised up in promenading, the jupon, or petticoat, will always be an object of some importance in costume. However pretty the petticoats offormer seasons may have been, those of the present year are even more so. They are now made in almost every color and material, and are ornamented with trimmings the most varied. Some consisting of cashmere, taffety, or reps, are richly embroidered; others are braided or trimmed with velvet to about the height ofthe knees. Many, composed of black or violet silk, are trimmed with several rows of plaited ribbon; and some few are ornamented with five narrow flounces alternately of black and violet, black and blue, or black and groseille-color silk. These flounces are placed very close together at the lower part of the jupon, and are frequently edged with a piping. The trimming just mentioned, bosides its elegant appearance when the skirt of the dress is held up, has also the advantage of supporting and expanding the edge of the dress when allowed to fall completely over the petticoat. The same kind of trimming, but more plain in style, is employed for jupons of alpaca, Orleans, or any other woolen materials. Several of those composed of woolen textures figured with stripes have a broad row of black velvet placed just above the hem. A beautiful and serviceable petticoat can be made of gray flannel, and braided with wide black worsted braid in a Greek border. NETS, consisting of black and colored chenille, still continue to be a fashionable style of coiffure. The Resille Im peratrice is pretty and simple ; it is of black chenille, and is trimmed above the forehead with a bow of velvet. Black nets are in general preferred to colored ones.

CHILDREN'S FASHIONS. FIG. 1.- COAT OF FAWN-COLORED Cloth for A LITTLE GIRL.It is made in a loose sacque and is corded with dark blue silk. At the bottom of each seam is placed a bias piece of dark blue silk, fastened with three large buttons. The flowing sleeves are trimmed to correspond with the skirt. Hat offawn-colored felt, trimmed with a band of blue velvet and a white plume. FIG. II.- DRESS OF DOVE-COLORED SILK.-The skirt is trimmed with four flounces bound with Magenta-colored silk, and edged with a narrow black lace. The body is high at the back, but opens in front over a plaited chemisette, and has the revers formed of Magenta-colored silk, and edged with narrow black lace. The short sleeves and waistband correspond. Full white under-sleeves, reaching not quite to the wrist. GENERAL REMARKS.-Dresses for small boys are but little varied, but those for girls are in greater variety. The Garabaldi is very much worn by girls over six or seven years of age. One of the prettiest was black velvet, worn with a crimson shirt of plain poplin. Another was of Magenta-colored cashmere trimmed with black, and the skirt was of the same material, with a band of black cashmere a quarter of a yard deep around the bottom. ZOUAVE JACKETS are also very much worn with colored shirts, with a full white under body made high in the neck with long sleevos.

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625-627] Arabs of that period, and it is therefore not to be wondered at that the act of Hind was long afterwards a topic on which the enemies of her posterity loved to dwell.

When the Meccans began to retreat, Mahomet, realising that Medina was no longer in danger, endeavoured to efface the shame of his defeat by a great show of activity. Although he had himself received some slight wounds he marched a few miles in the track of his victorious foes, obviously not with the intention of attacking them but in order to reassure his own followers. This plan attained its object, and there is no reason to suppose that after the battle his influence at Medina was in any way diminished.

A few months later he made a second attack upon the Jews. The Banu-n-Naḍīr, a Jewish clan who owned some of the most valuable palm-gardens in the neighbourhood of Medina, were suspected, rightly or wrongly, of plotting to murder him. He accordingly declared war against them, and after a siege which lasted about three weeks forced them to emigrate to Khaibar, an oasis inhabited chiefly by Jews, about 100 miles north of Medina. The lands of the Banu-n-Naḍīr were partly appropriated by Mahomet and partly divided among the Emigrants, who thus ceased to depend on the charity of the Helpers.

That Mahomet's conduct should have been bitterly resented by the Jewish population of Arabia is quite natural; but on this, as on other occasions, the Jews shewed themselves wholly incapable of combining in order to resist him by force. The utmost that they attempted was to stimulate the enmity of the heathen Meccans and of the neighbouring nomadic tribes. By this time the chiefs of the Ḳuraish had perceived the fruitlessness of their victory at Uḥud and they therefore listened readily to the Jewish emissaries who urged them to make another and a more serious effort. Accordingly, in the year 627, an alliance against Mahomet was formed between the Ḳuraish and a number of Bedouin tribes, of whom the most important were the Fazāra, the Sulaim and the Asad. The combined forces of the Ḳuraish and their allies proceeded to march towards Medina. They are said to have numbered 10,000 men, which is perhaps an exaggerated estimate, but in any case it is certain that they formed an army much larger than that which had fought at Uḥud two years earlier. Meanwhile the Khuzā'a, a tribe who dwelt in the immediate neighbourhood of Mecca, had sent to Mahomet full information as to the impending attack; their conduct was probably due much more to jealousy of the Ḳuraish than to any special sympathy with Islam. By the time the assailants reached Medina the town was well prepared to stand a siege. In most places nothing more was necessary than to erect a few barricades between the houses; but on one side there was a large open space, across which Mahomet caused a trench to be dug. This device, which appears to us so obvious, struck the Arabs with astonishment; by Mahomet's


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Rh die. Never have I, poor woman, had such great need of this.”

“There’s no denying that I swore to you, my lady, for your sake I’d risk both life and honor, but I did not swear that I would lose my soul. “’Twas I that bade the high-born lordings to this feast.”

Quoth she: “Bethink thee, Rüdeger, of thy great fealty, of thy constancy, and of thine oaths, that thou wouldst ever avenge mine injuries and all my woes.”

Said the margrave: “Seldom have I denied you aught.”

Mighty Etzel, too, began implore; upon their knees they sank before the knight. Men saw the noble margrave stand full sad. Pitifully the faithful warrior spake: “Woe is me, most wretched man, that I have lived to see this day. I must give over all my honors, my fealty, and my courtesie, that God did bid me use. Alas, great God of heaven, that death will not turn this from me! I shall act basely and full evil, whatever I do or leave undone. But if I give over both, then will all people blame me. Now may he advise me, who hath given me life.”

Still the king and the queen, too, begged unceasingly. Through this warriors must needs thereafter lose their lives at Rüdeger’s hands, when the hero also died. Ye may well hear it now, that he deported him full pitifully. He wist that it would bring him scathe and monstrous woe. Gladly would he have refused the king and queen. He feared full sore that if he slew but one of the strangers, the world would bear him hate.

Then the brave man addressed him to the king: “Sir King, take back again all that I have from you,


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Engraved by

Brothers from the Original Painting by GF Bensell, in the Possession of the Publisher. 26

99 ICICLES.

Engraved expressly for Peterson's Magazine

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 Ingraved "&" Fristed by man Brothers LES MODES PARISIENNES FEBRUARY. 1862.

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 Pattern's Magazine

Feb 1862

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 THE HARVEST MOON.

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 heat, is very proper for the operations of Art; but at last, chinks and crevices being made therein, it ceases to be so, the heat getting away through them, what fire soever you kindle therein.

I shall say no more of it, the Sequel of what I have said going very far, if it be true. In the mean time, if you think it not contemptible, I shall send you all what I have meditated upon it, at large, and in the form of a just Volume.

Although this Discourse exceeds already the bounds of a Letter, yet to satisfie your curiosity, I shall add some few Observations, I have met with in these parts.

First, Returning from Montpeliers, I went purposely to Frontignac in the last Vintage, to give you an accompt of the manner, how they make their Mascadin-Wine. They let the Grapes grow half dry upon the Vine, and as soon as they are gather'd, they tread and press them immediately, and Tun up the liquor, without letting it stand and work in the Fat, the Lee causing its goodness. Thus is made the true genuine Muscadine, without mixing any other fort of Grape with it. Lately a certain person thought fit to pass White-Wine of another kind upon the mark or husks (which are wont to be cast away) of the Muscadine Grapes, and hath made in this manner an excellent Wine, which hath the taste of Muscadine, and is more pleasing to some, nor is so heady, as the franc or true Muscadine.

Secondly, Upon the way of Beziers to Narbonne, in a place pretty large, raised by estimation above the level of the Sea, (which is two Leagues distant from it) about 15 or 16 fathoms, I saw Rocks, which inclosed a good number of big Oysters petrify'd: And upon the same way above the place, which is call'd Nice, at the highest place of the descent, very cragged, where the Rock is cut to make a passage, is seen a Bed, two foot large, of many Cockle-shells petrify'd, heap'd up, as ordinarily they are on the Sea-shoar; which notes sufficiently, that the Sea formerly cover'd this place, according to what Aristotle somewhere saith, Ubi nunc est Arida, olim Mare suit.


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292 my land with its castles, let not a whit remain to me. On foot will I wander into other lands.”

At this King Etzel spake: “Who else should help me then? I’ll give thee the land and all its castles, as thine own, that thou mayst avenge me on my foes. Thou shalt be a mighty king at Etzel’s side.”

Then answered Rüdeger: “How shall I do this deed? I bade them to my house and home; in friendly wise I offered them both food and drink and gave them gifts. How may I counsel their death? People will lightly ween, that I be craven. No service of mine have I refused these noble lordings and their men. Now I rue the kinship I have gained with them. I gave my daughter to Giselher, the knight; to none in all the world could she have been better given, for courtesie and honor, for fealty and wealth. Never have I seen so young a prince of such right courteous mind.”

Then Kriemhild spake again: “Most noble Rüdeger, take pity on our griefs, on mine and on the king’s. Bethink thee well, that king did never gain such baneful guests.”

To the noble dame the margrave spake: “Rüdeger’s life must pay to-day for whatsoever favors ye and my lord have shown me. Therefore must I die; no longer may it be deferred. I know full well, that my castles and my lands will be voided for you to-day through the hand of one of these men. To your mercy I commend my wife and children and the strangers who be at Bechelaren.”

“Now God requite thee, Rüdeger,” spake the king, and both he and the queen grew glad. “Thy people


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, or, allow me to say, the probable opinion of Mr. Cleveland."

"Well, Sir! said that gentleman, with a somewhat disappointed air.

"As to the purport or nature of the communication, it is," said Vivian, with one of his sweetest cadences, and, looking up to Mr. Cleveland's face, with an eye expressive of all kindness,—"it is of a political nature."

"Well, Sir!" again exclaimed Cleveland; looking very anxious, and moving restlessly on his library chair.

"When we take into consideration, Mr Cleveland, the present aspect of the political world; when we call to mind the present situation of the two great political parties, you will not be surprised, I feel confident, when I mention that certain personages have thought that the season was at hand, when a move might be made in the political world with very considerable effect—"

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320 enemies it was denounced as a dishonourable stratagem. Hence this siege is usually called "the Campaign of the Trench." The idea, we are told, was suggested to the Prophet by an emancipated slave of unknown origin, who is celebrated in Muslim tradition under the name of Salmān the Persian; at all events the word applied to the trench (khandaḳ) is derived from the Persian language. In digging the trench Mahomet himself took an active part. The implements required for the purpose were mostly supplied by the Ḳuraiẓa, the only Jewish clan who still remained at Medina. It is difficult to believe that the Ḳuraiẓa regarded Mahomet with friendly feelings, but it would appear that, in spite of the manner in which he had treated their co-religionists, they still considered themselves as bound by their agreement with him; moreover they probably realised that if Medina were taken by storm the hordes of Bedouins would plunder all parties indiscriminately. During the siege the vigilance and discipline of the Muslims contrasted strangely with the disorder which prevailed on the opposite side. The besiegers, in spite of their vastly superior numbers, seem never to have contemplated a real assault. Small troops of cavalry now and then endeavoured to cross the trench but were easily repulsed by a shower of arrows and stones; on the one occasion when some of them succeeded in forcing an entrance they soon found it necessary to retreat. In explanation of these facts it must be remembered that an extreme dread of attacking fortifications, however rudely constructed, has been characteristic of the Arabs, and in particular of the Bedouins, down to the present day.

Though the loss of life on either side was quite insignificant, both the besiegers and the besieged were soon reduced to great straits. The cold and stormy weather severely tried the defenders of the trench, while the Bedouins without suffered greatly from lack of provisions. Accordingly both parties strove hard to bring the siege to an end by means of negotiation. Mahomet's principal object was to detach the Bedouins from their alliance with the Ḳuraish; the besiegers, on the other hand, sent secret messages to the Ḳuraiẓa urging them to violate their agreement with Mahomet. The chief of this Jewish clan, Ka'b ibn Asad, at first indignantly refused to listen to these suggestions, but finally he yielded, and the Ḳuraiẓa forthwith assumed so menacing an attitude that the Muslims became seriously alarmed. The Jews, however, did not venture to make an attack; they remained, as usual, shut up in their fortresses, until the Ḳuraish and their allies, weary of waiting, suddenly raised the siege, which had lasted only a fortnight, and returned to their homes. Thus ended the last attempt, on the part of the Meccan aristocracy, to crush the new religion.

As soon as the besiegers had departed the vengeance of Mahomet naturally fell on the Ḳuraiẓa. He did not content himself with pillaging them but, having compelled them to surrender after a brief siege,


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 "Mr. Grey, what am I to understand?" interrupted Mr. Cleveland, who began to suspect that the envoy was no greenhorn.

"I feel confident, Mr. Cleveland, that I am doing very imperfect justice to the mission with which I am intrusted; but, Sir, you must be aware that the delicate nature of such disclosures, and"

"Mr. Grey, I feel confident that you do not doubt my honour; and, as for the rest, the world has, I believe, some foolish tales about me; but, believe me, you shall be listened to with patience. I am certain that, whatever may be the communication, Mr. Vivian Grey is a gentleman, who will do its merits justice."

And now Vivian, having succeeded in exciting Cleveland's curiosity, and securing himself the certainty of a hearing, and having also made a favourable impression, dropped the diplomatist altogether, and was explicit enough for a Spartan.

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 RUSSIAN SABLE MUFF.

RUSSIAN SABLE CAPE.

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CHILD'S DRESS.

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Rh shall be well commended to our care. For mine own weal I trust thou too shalt go unscathed.”

Etzel’s bride began to weep. Then body and soul he staked upon the venture. He spake: “I must perform what I have vowed. Alas for my friends, whom I am loth to fight,”

Men saw him go sadly from the presence of the king. Close at hand he found his warriors standing. He spake: “Ye must arm you all, my men, for, alas, I must needs encounter the bold Burgundians.”

They bade the squires run nimbly to where lay their arms. Whether it were helm or buckler, ’t was all brought forth to them by their meiny. Later the proud strangers heard told baleful tales. Rüdeger was now armed, and with him five hundred men; thereto he gained twelve champions, who would fain win renown in the stress of battle. They wist not that death drew nigh them. Then Rüdeger was seen to march with helmet donned. The margrave’s men bare keen-edged swords, and their bright shields and broad upon their arms. This the fiddler saw; greatly he rued the sight. When young Giselher beheld his lady’s father walk with his helm upon his head, how might he know what he meant thereby, save that it portended good? Therefore the noble prince waxed passing merry of mood.

“Now well is me of such kinsmen,” spake Knight Giselher, “whom we have won upon this journey; from my wife we shall reap much profit here. Lief it is to me, that this betrothal hath taken place.”

“I know not whence ye take your comfort,” spake then the minstrel; “when have ye seen so many heroes walk with helmets donned and swords in hand, for the


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 "Certain Noblemen and Gentlemen of eminence, and influence, hitherto considered as props of the party, are about to take a novel and decided course next Session. It is to obtain the aid, and personal co-operation of Mr. Cleveland, that I am now in Wales."

"Mr. Grey, I have promised to listen to you with patience:—you are too young a man to know much perhaps of the history of so insignificant a personage as myself; otherwise, you would have been aware, that there is no subject in the world on which I am less inclined to converse, than that of politics. If I were entitled to take such a liberty, I would beseech you to think of them as little as I do;—but enough of this: who is the mover of the party?"

"My Lord Courtown is a distinguished member of it."

"Courtown—Courtown; respectable certainly: but surely the good Viscount's skull is not exactly the head for the chief of a cabal?"

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 THE IONIAN.

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628] offered them the choice of conversion to Islām or death. The heroism which they displayed on this occasion seems hard to reconcile with their former timidity; rather than commit apostasy they preferred to be slain one by one in the market-place of the town. The number of these martyrs amounted to over six hundred; the women and children were sold as slaves.

Henceforth the population of Medina was, at least in name, almost exclusively Muslim; the "Hypocrites" who remained were a small minority, and though they sometimes angered the Prophet by their murmurs and intrigues he had no reason to fear them. Accordingly his policy, which he had at first represented as one of self-defence, now became avowedly aggressive. Medina was no longer the refuge of a persecuted sect — it was the seat of a religious despotism which in a few years subjugated the whole of Arabia. To ordinary Europeans this development of Islām naturally appears as a mere misuse of religion for purposes of political aggrandisement; it is, however, necessary to remember, in judging of Mahomet's conduct, that the communities which he attacked were not organised States but societies which recognised no permanent bond save that of blood. With the exception of the Ḳuraish, who inhabited a sacred territory, almost every Arabian tribe was engaged in perpetual feuds with its neighbours. In founding a community united solely by religion Mahomet necessarily placed himself in a position of antagonism to the tribal system, which required every man to take the part of his fellow-tribesmen against the members of all other tribes. But Mahomet was very far from being a cosmopolite of the modern type. Though his doctrines logically involved the equality of all races, it probably never occurred to him that it was his duty to ignore national and tribal distinctions. The authority of the tribal chiefs was not to be overthrown but it was to be subordinated to a higher authority, which could be none other than that of the Prophet himself. Moreover Mahomet's belief in the peculiar sanctity of Mecca rather increased than diminished during his long exile. Until the House of God had been purged of idols the main object of the Prophet's mission was still unattained. To win over Mecca to the true faith seemed therefore a matter of supreme importance.

The first expedition made for this purpose took place in the year 628. Shortly before the time of the annual Pilgrimage Mahomet marched towards Mecca accompanied by several hundreds of his disciples and taking with him a large number of camels which were marked with badges, according to ancient Arabian custom, to denote that they were victims intended for sacrifice. If his aim was to force his way into the city, he carefully concealed the design, giving out that he and his followers were coming simply as pilgrims, to do honour to the Meccan sanctuary. He hoped to convince the Ḳuraish that Islām would not in any way interfere with the privileges which they had hitherto enjoyed,


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 THE MORESQUE.

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 GLASS-BEAD BORDER.

SOAP-BAG.

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 E.SCAS LOW PIL FOR TER LET

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BLACK BEAVER CLOTH SACQUE.

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 HANDKERCHIEF CORNER.

HANDKERCHIEF CORNER.

PATTERN IN EMBROIDERY.

BOY'S CAP IN CROCHET.

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 INSERTION. Patty

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 PATTERN FOR SMOKING-CAP IN SILK EMBROIDERY.

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 FULL-SIZE PATTERN FOR PENDANT PIN-CUSHION.

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 NEW STYLE BONNETS.

JACKET, VEST, TROUSERS, AND GAITER FOR LITTLE BOY.

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322 and he persuaded himself that they might thereby be induced to recognise his claims. But the memory of the blood shed at his command and especially of the occasion on which he had violated the truce of the sacred months was vividly present to the minds of the Meccans, and they determined on no account to admit him. When he reached Hudaibiya, a place within a few hours' march of Mecca, he found his way blocked by an armed force consisting partly of Meccans and partly of their Bedouin allies. A series of negotiations ensued, in the course of which Othman (properly  'Uthmān) ibn 'Affān went as Mahomet's agent to Mecca; the selection of this man was doubtless due to his being a relative of Abū Sufyān and other influential citizens. During Othman's absence a rumour that he had been murdered spread through the camp of the Muslims, whereupon Mahomet, fearing, or pretending to fear, an attack on the part of the Ḳuraish, assembled his followers under a tree and required from each of them a promise that he would on no account flee, if a conflict took place. To this scene the Koran alludes as one specially pleasing to God; hence in Muslim tradition it is called "the Homage of good pleasure." Almost immediately afterwards Othman returned to Ḥudaibiya, bringing, it would seem, proofs that his mission to Mecca had not been fruitless. The negotiations were accordingly resumed in the Prophet's camp, whither the Ḳuraish sent a certain Suhail ibn 'Amr as their representative. After prolonged discussion a compromise was agreed upon, whereby Mahomet consented to withdraw for that year, while the Ḳuraish, on their part, promised that the year following he and his disciples should be allowed to enter Mecca, without weapons, and remain there for three days. Furthermore both parties were to refrain from hostilities for ten years; during that time no member of the Ḳuraish who was still a minor might join the Muslim community without the permission of his parents or guardians, whereas the sons of Muslims might freely go over to the Ḳuraish.

The terms of this treaty appeared at first so unfavourable to Islām that the more zealous followers of the Prophet, in particular Omar, vehemently protested. Mahomet, however, perceived that the conditions, humiliating as they might seem, would in the end turn to his advantage, and he accordingly adhered to them in spite of the opposition of his too eager disciples. Never was his influence put to so severe a test and never did he achieve a more signal triumph. From the moment when the treaty of Ḥudaibiya was concluded the number of conversions to Islām became larger than ever.

According to the ordinary Muslim tradition, the Prophet about this time took a step which shewed that he contemplated the conversion not only of Arabia but of the world — he despatched messengers to the Byzantine Emperor Heraclius, to the Persian king, and to


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 were rough, and the words seemed to belong to a foreign language.

I sat near an hour on my stool, like a poor culprit who awaits his doom, but was determined to defend myself to the last drop of blood: I intended several times to rush into the room, and to force my escape through the company with cocked pistols, but something within my breast admonished me to stay where I was, and patiently to wait 'till they should think it proper to pay me a visit.

My situation was exceeding painful, and at the least noise which seemed to approach my chamber I started up, putting myself in a posture of defence. My fears not having been realized as yet, my apprehensions began to vanish a little, and I thought Mr. Max might be an honest man, and his company, the sportsmen he had been speaking of, although their language seemed to contradict that opinion: Hope soothed my terrors for some time, 'till at length I recollected the


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PETERSON’S MAGAZINE.

Vol. XLI.

"ICICLES."

BY ANNIE ARNOLD.

"Оh, mamma! see! see! the first icicles! They are all over the little tree I planted! I am so glad it snowed last night! Ain't they beautiful? When the sun shines see how many colors, and how they glisten, and the white, white snow makes them still prettier. May I go out and get one, just one ? I can reach them so nicely on the little tree ! " and, without waiting for an answer, the child hastily tied a scarf around her neck and ran out on the snow-covered steps. Like most earthly treasures hers were too high to grasp, and the long stick she used to knock the pretty treasures down, only served to shatter them to atoms at her feet, till a call from her mother reminded her that open doors in winter did not warm kitchens, and she came in.

"After all they would melt in here, " she said, going to her old place at the window, " and they look just as pretty from inside. "

And that one sentence was the key-note to little Bertha Schwindan's heart. She was a German child, with soft, sunny hair and deep blue eyes ; and while she could look back on baby recollections of her native land and her father's care, she could still take a bright view of the new home, the narrow means, and toilsome life which followed emigration, and her father's death. Gustavus Schwindan was one of that ill-fated class, a genius! From early boyhood music had been his goddess, to be worshiped, courted , at any cost, and all seasons In his own country he had not prospered. A situation as second violinist in a mammoth orchestra had afforded sufficient income for his bachelor life ; but when he married, he determined to cross the wide ocean and tempt fortune in a new clime. Little Bertha was six years old before this pet scheme was carried out; and before she saw her seventh birthday the sods of America lay heavy on her father's breast, and her mother, a stranger in a strange land, turned her footsteps to the West, the land of promise. Kind hearts had seen the gentle widow, and remembered the gifted musician, and a subscription was raised in the new land to aid the patient stranger. It was a narrow house, ill -furnished, in a sparsely populated spot, where Gertrude Schwindan found her home ; but the few neighbors spoke in the tongue of the Fatherland, her child's heart was light, and her voice glad on the free, open country : there was a promise of work, and she was content so to live. One room in the little cottage was tenanted by its owner, and he gave Gertrude the rest, free, for the simple repast which he shared with her and Bertha. He was a man of some forty years of age, with a hard, stern face, not a German, though the language came easily from his lips. And while Bertha, with bright eyes and glowing checks, looked lovingly and admiringly on the lovely winter's prospect, this man's eyes were fixed upon it from his window, and his heart was full of bitterness as he murmured,

"Icicles! Cold, bleak, desolate! Fair and smooth as a woman's face, cold and hard as her heart ! Glistening as her false smile, beautiful afar off, chilling if grasped ! { Oh ! where can I turn that all will not remind me of the past ? I have left home and friends, the crowded cities and the lovely country-seats where we were together, to busy myself here, among new faces in a wild spot, only to find memory more busy in loneliness, imagination more ready to find smiles in every sight and sound. My books weary me, my thoughts madden me. Where can I find rest ?"

" Mr. William ! mother says breakfast is ready."

"Ah! is it you, little Icicles?" said he, giving her a nick-name, from the occupation at which he had just seen her. "Come in!" She entered and stood demurely before him.

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 EDITOR'S TABLE. EDITORIAL CHIT- CHAT. A WOMAN OF GOOD TASTE.-The London Quarterly Review FEMININE DECORATIONS IN DIFFERENT COUNTRIES.-The has a capital sketch of " the woman of taste." It says: You ladies in Japan gild their teeth, and those of the Indies see her turning a cold eye to the assurance ofshopmen and paint them red. The blackest teeth are considered the the recommendation of milliners. She cares not how orimost beautiful in Guzerat, and in some parts of America; ginal a pattern may be, if it be ugly, or how recent a shape, while in Greenland the women color their faces with blue if it be awkward. Whatever laws fashion dictates, she foland yellow. However fresh the complexion of a Musco- lows a law of her own, and is never behind it. She wears vite may be, she would think herself very ugly if she were very beautiful things, which people generally suppose to not plastered with paint. The Chinese must have their be fetched from Paris, or, at least, made by a French millifeet as diminutive as those of she-goats ; and, to make them ner, but which as often are bought at the nearest town and 80, their youth is passed in the torture of small wooden made up by her own maid. Not that her costume is either shoes. rich or new ; on the contrary, she wears many a cheap In some countries, mothers break the noses of their chil- dress, but it is always pretty, and many an old one, but it dren; and in others, they press the head between two is always good. She deals in no gaudy confusion of colors, boards that it may become square. The modern Persians nor does she affect a studied sobriety ; but she either rehave a strong aversion to red hair. The Turkish women, freshes you with a spirited contrast, or composes you with on the contrary, are warm admirers of it. The Indian is a judicious harmony. Not a scrap of tinsel or trumpery thickly smeared with bear's fat. In China small eyes are appears upon her. She puts no faith in velvet bands, or not admired. The Turkish ladies dip a gold brush in the gilt buttons, or twisted cording. She is quite aware, howtincture of a black drug, which they pass over their eye- ever, that the garnish is as important as the dress; all her brows, to cause them to appear prominent, and they tinge inner borders and beadings are delicate and fresh; and their nails with a rose-color. The female head-dress is, in should anything peep out which is not intended to be seen, some countries, singularly extravagant. The Chinese fair it is quite as much so as that which is. After all, there is one carries on her head the figure of a bird : this bird is no great art either in her fashions or her materials. The composed of copper or gold, according to the quality ofthe secret simply consists in her knowledge of the three grand person ; the wings, which are spread out, fall over the front unities of dress- her own station, her own age, and her own of the head-dress, and conceal the temples; the tail is long points. And no woman can dress well who does not. After and open, and forms a beautiful tuft of feathers ; the beak this we need not say that whoever is attracted by the cosshades the top of the nose, and the neck is fastened to the tume will not be disappointed in the wearer. She may not undulate and at be handsome nor accomplished, but we will answer for her body by a spring, that it may freely play, the slightest motion. being even-tempered, well-informed, thoroughly sensible, Bruce writes, as the climax of female decorations, his and a complete lady. description of the favorite queen of Senaar :-" A ring of gold passed through her under lip, and weighed it down To KNIT A MITTEN WITH ONE FINGER.-Cast on threo till it almost covered her chin, leaving her teeth bare, needles sixty-four or more stitches according to the size which were very small and very fine; the inside of her lip desired, and knit about two inches of ribbing; then, at the was blackened with antimony; her ears reached down to middle of one of the needles, bring in the thread to make her shoulders, and had the appearance of wings ; there was an eyelet to begin the widening for the thumb; then knit a gold ring in each of them, about five inches in diameter, one round, knitting in that stitch ; on the next round, make and somewhat thinner than a man's little finger; the an eyelet on each side of the first one, and so on every weight of this had drawn down the hole where her ear second round, making the eyelet to the right or left of the was pierced so much that three fingers might easily pass previous one, widening until about seventeen holes are above the ring. Her neck was adorned with a gold neck- made on each row; then, take off all these extra stitches lace of several rows, one above the other, to which were on a string, cast on five or six stitches and knit one round, hung rows of perforated sequins, and upon her ankles were narrow one stitch at each end of the cast-on stitches, and two rings of gold, larger than those used for chaining again at the second round ; then, knit until time to make felons ." Another of the wives, in addition to these, "had the finger, and take off on a string one-fourth of the stitches, chains coming from her ears to the outside of each nostril, dividing them equally on each side of a line with the thumb, where they were fastened. A ring was also put through cast on four or five stitches to make room between the finthe gristle of her nose, and it hung down to the opening of gers, knit one round, and narrow one at each end of the her mouth; having altogether something of the appearance cast-on stitches, knit as long as you wish the mitt, then of a horse's bridle." narrow and finish. Thumb- Put on the stitches from the THE MOST BRILLIANT IN THE FIELD.-We promised that string, fasten the thread at the right hand side, knit on until you come to the cast-on stitches, take up like for the our January number should excel anything of the kind heel of a stocking, knit one round: then narrow at each end ever published; and the press, everywhere, pronounces of the cast-on stitches until the thumb is reduced to the that we have kept our word. As a type of scores of notices size desired, knit until long enough and finish. Fingerto this effect, we copy the following from the Boston (Mass.) Take up the stitches off the string, narrow one or more Traveler:-" The January number of Peterson's Magazine, which is received by A. Williams & Co., is the most bril- stitches, knit as long as the mitt. liant periodical of the season. It has seventy-five engravINSTRUCTIONS IN NETTING .-In a former volume of this ings and fifty-three articles, and in every way appeals to readers of discernment. Among the embellishments is a Magazine we gave full instructions in netting, which were pattern for Ornamental Basket in Berlin-Work, in twelve subsequently republished in our " Dictionary of Needlework." We make this statement, in reply to M. A., as well colors." as other correspondents . 176

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