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Rh are never entitled to inherit, and on marrying receive merely a suitable dowry from their brothers, who then receive the kalym. If only daughters survive, the inheritance goes to the father’s brothers or cousins, who in that case receive the kalym as well.

Speedy as the Altaian is on horseback, on foot he is helpless and unwieldy; and so the dance is unknown to him. All games full of dash and excitement are played on horseback. His hospitality is marvellous; for weeks at a time he treats the new arrival to the best he has, even when it is the despised and hated Shtitish Persian. He possesses many sagas and songs—mostly in the minor key, and monotonous as the steppes—which are accompanied on a two-stringed guitar. Tenor and mezzo-soprano predominate, and the gait of the horse and the stride of the camel mark the rhythm.

The surplus of the female house-industry and of the herds is, as a rule, exchanged in barter for weapons and armours, metal and wooden articles, clothing material, brick-tea, and grain. Instead of our gold and silver coinage they have—sit venia verbo—a sheep coinage, in which all valuations are made. Of course they were acquainted with foreign coins from the earliest times, and obtained countless millions of pounds from tribute, plunder, and ransom of prisoners, and they used coins, now and then, in external trading, but among themselves they still barter, and conclude all their business in sheep, cattle, horses, and camels. Rubruquis says of the Mongols in 1253 : “We found nothing purchasable for gold and silver, only for fabrics, of which we had none. When our servant shewed them a Hyperpyron (Byzantine gold coin), they rubbed it with their fingers and smelt it to see if it were copper.” They have no hand-workers except a few smiths.

The Altaian, and especially the Turko-Tartar barbarian, considered only the advantage of the moment; the unlimited plundering was hostile to any transit-trade. But when and so long as a strong hand controlled the universal plundering spirit, a caravan trade between north and south, and especially between east and west was possible, and, with high duties, formed a considerable source of income for the Central-Asiatic despots.

The religious conceptions of a group of primitive people inhabiting such an enormous district were of course never uniform. To-day the greatest part of the Altaians is Buddhist, or Islamitic, and only a few Siberian Turkish tribes remain true to the old-Altaian Shamanism.

The characteristic feature of Shamanism is the belief in the dose union of the living with their long dead ancestors; thus it is an un-interrupted ancestor worship. This faculty however is possessed only by a few families, those of the Shamans (Mong. shaman, Turk, ham), who pass on their power from father to son, or sometimes daughter—with the visible symbol of the Shaman drum by means of which he can call up the spirits through the power of his ancestors, and compel them to active assistance, and can separate his own soul from his body and send it into


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xxvi Germans. Of this Siegfried we have already seen somewhat in the Rose-garden at Worms; and shall ere long see much more elsewhere; for he is the chief hero of the “Nibelungen”: indeed nowhere can we dip into those old Fictions, whether in Scandinavia or the Rhine-land, but under one figure or another, whether as Dragon-killer and Prince-royal, or as Blacksmith and Horse-subduer, as Sigurd, Sivrit, Siegfried, we are sure to light on him. As his early adventures belong to the strange sort, and will afterwards concern us not a little, we shall here endeavour to piece together some consistent outline of them; so far indeed as that may be possible; for his biographers, agreeing in the main points, differ widely in the details.

First, then, let no one from the title Gehörnte (Horned, Behorned), fancy that our brave Siegfried, who was the loveliest as well as the bravest of men, was actually cornuted, and had horns on his brow, though like Michael Angelo’s Moses; or even that his skin, to which the epithet Behorned refers, was hard like a crocodile’s, and not softer than the softest shamoy: for the truth is, his Hornedness means only an Invulnerability, like that of Achilles; which he came by in the following manner. All men agree that Siegfried was a king’s son; he was born, as we here have good reason to know, “at Santen in Netherland,” of Siegemund and the fair Siegelinde; yet by some family misfortune or discord, of which the accounts are very various, he came into singular straits during boyhood; having passed that happy period of life, not under the canopies of costly state, hut by the sooty stithy, in one Mimer a Blacksmith’s shop. Here, however, he was nowise in his proper element; ever quarrelling with his fellow-apprentices; nay, as some say, breaking the hardest anvils into shivers by his too stout hammering. So that Mimer, otherwise a first-rate Smith, could by no means do with him there. He sends him, accordingly, to the neighbouring forest, to fetch charcoal; well aware that a monstrous Dragon, one Regin, the Smith’s own Brother, would meet him and devour him. But far otherwise it proved; Siegfried by main force slew this Dragon, or

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 à la Turque, but unfortunately these garments have a band that consists of a run-in string, and that string is out of repair. He writes furiously—blotting paper mislaid—frantic flurry round—pantaloons won't stand it—grab just saves them—something wanted the other side of the room—headlong flight towards it—"now's our chance," think the pantaloons, and make off—recaptured.

Formalities being concluded regarding us, the chief makes a dash out from behind his writing-table, claps his heels together, and bows with a jerk that causes the pantaloons to faint in coils, like the White Knight in "Alice in Wonderland," and my last view was of a combat with them, I hope a successful one, and that their owner, who was leaving for home the next day, is now enjoying a well-earned, honourable repose after his long years of service to his country in Congo Français.

24th.—Pouring wet day.

25th.—Called on the Mother Superior, and collected shells from the bay beyond Libreville. In the afternoon called on the missionary lady, who has now arrived with her young son, per German boat from Batanga, and talked on fetish; Dr. Nassau telling a very pathetic and beautiful story of an old chief at Eloby praying to the spirit of the new moon, which he regarded as a representative of the higher elemental power, to prevent the evil lower spirits from entering his town.

Sunday, 26th.—Mr. Fildes evidently regards it as his duty to devote his Sunday mornings to ladies "invoiced to the firm," and takes me in the gig to go up the little river to the east, ostentatiously only the drainage of the surrounding swamp. The tide just allows us to go over the miniature sand-bar, and then we row up the river, which is about forty feet across, and runs through a perfect gem of a mangrove-swamp, and the stench is quite the right thing—real Odeur de Niger Delta.

As we go higher up, the river channel winds to and fro between walls and slopes of ink-black slime, more sparsely covered with mangrove bushes than near the entrance. This stinking, stoneless slime is honey-combed with crab holes, and the owners of these—green, blue, red, and black—are walking about on the tips of their toes sideways, with that comic pomp peculiar to the crab family. I expected


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Rh

74. At the time of writing, the situation is fluid. Recent events in Russia fundamentally altered the relationship between Yevgeny Prigozhin and the Russian Government. The network may be consolidating its operations abroad or it may be fighting for its life. Russian media have shown Wagner flags being lowered, suggesting its operations in Russia are winding down. Although the last month has seen significant debate on the future of the Wagner Network, no early signs have yet emerged on its future. The network’s heavy reliance on the Russian state for military equipment and logistical support may challenge its combat operations, unless the network can find alternative suppliers of weapons and ammunition. The Russian government may seek to ‘nationalise’ the network—as we have seen with demands that all fighters sign paperwork to join Russia’s standing forces—but whether it can is another question. There is reason to believe that the network will evolve rather than cease its operations altogether, as the Russian state has a vested interest in maintaining it for foreign policy and wealth acquisition purposes. Russia’s Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov has already stated Wagner’s operations in Mali and the Central African Republic “will continue”. Likewise, a Russian envoy recently reassured General Haftar of Wagner operatives’ continued presence in Libya,297 and Russia remains a committed regional actor in Africa. The network’s ties to the GRU may also support its survival. '''The last decade has shown that the Wagner Network is highly effective at reconfiguring itself. We expect its activities to continue in some form, as they are too valuable, especially financially, to the Russian state to be lost. The question is not just what happens to the Wagner Network but what happens to a wider set of PMCs in'''


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Rh there against his heart, such a new agility, almost such a new range of interest. "I mean so much money—so extraordinarily much."

Well, she held him a while blank. "Does it seem to you extraordinarily much—twelve-hundred-and-sixty? Because, you know," she added, "it's all."

"It's enough!" he returned with a slight thoughtful droop of his head to the right and his eyes attached to the far horizon as through a shade of shyness for what he was saying. He felt all her own lingering nearness somehow on his cheek.

"It's enough? Thank you then!" she rather oddly went on.

He shifted a little his posture. "It was more than a hundred a year—for you to get together."

"Yes," she assented, "that was what year by year I tried for."

"But that you could live all the while and have that—!" Yes, he was at liberty, as he hadn't been, quite pleasantly to marvel. All his wonderments in life had been hitherto unanswered—and didn't the change mean that here again was the social relation?

"Ah, I didn't live as you saw me the other day."

'Yes," he answered—and didn't he the next instant feel he must fairly have smiled with it?—"the other day you were going it!"

"For once in my life," said Kate Cookham. "I've left the hotel," she after a moment added.


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Rh rather Dragonized Smith’s-Brother; made broth of him; and, warned by some significant phenomena, bathed therein; or, as others assert, bathed directly in the monster's blood, without cookery; and hereby attained that Invulnerability, complete in all respects, save that between his shoulders, where a lime-tree leaf chanced to settle and stick during the process, there was one little spot, a fatal spot as afterwards turned out, left in its natural state.

Siegfried, now seeing through the craft of the Smith, returned home and slew him; then set forth in search of adventures, the bare catalogue of which were long to recite. We mention only two, as subsequently of moment both for him and for us. He is by some said to have courted, and then jilted, the fair and proud Queen Brunhild of Isenland; nay to have thrown down the seven gates of her Castle; and then ridden off with her wild horse Gana, having mounted him in the meadow, and instantly broken him. Some cross passages between him and Queen Brunhild, who understood no jesting, there must clearly have been, so angry is her recognition of him in the “Nibelungen”; nay, she bears a lasting grudge against him there; as he, and indeed she also, one day too sorely felt.

His other grand adventure is with the two sons of the deceased King Nibelung, in Nibelungen-land: these two youths, to whom their father had bequeathed a Hoard or Treasure, beyond all price or computation, Siegfried, “riding by alone,” found on the side of a mountain, in a state of great perplexity. They had brought out the Treasure from the cave where it usually lay; but how to part it was the difficulty; for, not to speak of gold, there were as many jewels alone “as twelve wagons in four days and nights, each going three journeys, could carry away;” nay, “however much you took from it, there was no diminution:” besides, in real property, a Sword, Balmung, of great potency; a Divining-rod, “which gave power over everyone;” and a Tarnkappe (or Cloak of Darkness), which not only rendered the wearer invisible, but also gave him twelve men’s strength. So


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Rh

20. Although many host governments enter agreements with the Wagner Network to shore up their own power, or to tackle insurgencies or terror groups that threaten their control, the presence of the Wagner Network rarely delivers those outcomes. Wagner fighters frequently failed to fulfil many military objectives for which they were contracted. They were unsuccessful in countering Islamist extremists in Mozambique in 2019 and their extremely early departure appears to have further undermined national security. Wagner fighters faced “decimation” at the hands of the US military after the failed assault on Deir al-Zour, Syria, in 2018. Furthermore, the assistance and battle support offered by Wagner fighters in the Tripoli offensive (2019–20) were insufficient to ensure victory for the LNA.

21. The invitation of the Wagner Network in the first place is a sign of weakness and openness to extreme violence and corruption.

22. Witnesses noted Wagner’s vested interest in maintaining conflict and impeding democratic processes. For instance, Wagner fighters have:

Undermined international efforts to promote peace and security. Wagner fighters—along with other actors—have made the UN’s arms embargo for Libya “ineffective”, due to their continued supply of arms and military material to the country. The persistent presence of its operatives violates the terms of Libya’s October 2020 ceasefire.

Weakened democratic governance and fostered corruption. Wagner’s gold-smuggling activities in Sudan enabled huge quantities of gold to bypass the state and relied in part on an illegal commercial arrangement; civilian officials attempting to challenge these practices have effectively been censured. The network also advised then-President Bashir on how to suppress protests. The Prigozhin-linked entity AFRIC has been involved in illegitimate election


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304 "Ah, you're in—a—lodgings?" he found himself inquiring as for positive sociability.

She had apparently a slight shade of hesitation, but in an instant it was all right; as what he showed he wanted to know she seemed mostly to give him. "Yes—but far of course from here. Up on the hill." To which, after another instant, "At The Mount, Castle Terrace," she subjoined.

"Oh, I know The Mount. And Castle Terrace is awfully sunny and nice."

"Awfully sunny and nice," Kate Cookham took from him.

"So that if it isn't," he pursued, "like the Royal, why, you're at least comfortable."

"I shall be comfortable anywhere now," she replied with a certain dryness.

It was astonishing, however, what had become of his own. "Because I've accepted—?"

"Call it that!" she dimly smiled.

"I hope then at any rate," he returned, "you can now thoroughly rest." He spoke as for a cheerful conclusion and moved again also to smile, though as with a poor grimace, no doubt; since what he seemed most clearly to feel was that since he "accepted" he mustn't, for his last note, have accepted in sulkiness or gloom. With that, at the same time, he couldn't but know, in all his fibres, that with such a still-watching face as the dotty veil didn't disguise for him there was no possible concluding, at least on his part. On hers, on hers it was—as he had so often


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Rh for a week had reflectively to pronounce things—another affair. Ah, somehow, both formidably and helpfully, her face concluded—yet in a sense so strangely enshrouded in things she didn't tell him. What must she, what mustn't she, have done? What she had said—she had really told him nothing—was no account of her life; in the midst of which conflict of opposed recognitions, at any rate, it was as if, for all he could do, he himself now considerably floundered. "But I can't think—I can't think!—"

"You can't think I can have made so much money in the time and been honest?"

"Oh, you've been honest!" Herbert Dodd distinctly allowed.

It moved her stillness to a gesture—which, however, she had as promptly checked; and she went on the next instant as for further generosity to his failure of thought. "Everything was possible, under my stress, with my hatred."

"Your hatred—?" For she had paused as if it were after all too difficult.

"Of what I should for so long have been doing to you."

With this, for all his failures, a greater light than any yet shone upon him. "It made you think of ways—?"

"It made me think of everything. It made me work," said Kate Cookham. She added, however, the next moment: "But that's my story."

"And I mayn't hear it?"


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Rh :* These actors lack the accountability systems of ordinary militaries123 —”deliberately so”. According to an ex-Wagner fighter, mercenaries “can act outside the law” and each is “forced to establish his own moral norms.”

 * Victims and investigatory bodies cannot easily determine the identity and organisation of mercenary fighters, and ‘Wagner’ itself is not a single legal entity with easily identifiable individuals and hierarchies;

 * Other than Ukraine, the Wagner Network often holds political sway in the countries where its fighters operate. It is also usually present at the explicit request of the host Government, which can result in a desire by national authorities to hide atrocities. This situation undermines the independence of national investigations and makes complaints less likely, especially where judicial independence is poor;

 * The Russian Government (and Russian courts ) have repeatedly obstructed efforts to investigate and/or challenge Wagner alleged crimes;

 * Wagner-like bodies and PMCs generally do not fit easily into the existing

international legal framework. Many have not subscribed to international voluntary initiatives promoting responsible activity (paragraph 79).

The response of the UK Government to the de facto impunity of Wagner fighters is discussed later in this report (paragraph 81)


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 only to have to sit in the boat and say "Horrible" at intervals, but no such thing; my companion, selecting a peculiarly awful-looking spot, says he "thinks that will do," steers the boat up to it, and jumps out with a squidge into the black slime. For one awful moment I thought it was suicide, and that before I could even get the address of his relations to break the news to them there would be nothing but a Panama hat lying on the slime before me. But he only sinks in a matter of a foot or so, and then starts off, to my horror, calling the boys after him, to hunt crabs for me. Now I have mentioned no desire for crabs, and was merely looking at them, as I always do when out with other white folk, noting where they were so as to come back alone next day and get them; for I don't want any one's blood, black or white, on my head. As soon as I recovered speech, I besought him to come back into the boat and leave them: but no, "tears, prayers, entreaties, all in vain," as Koko says; he would not, and dashed about in the stinking mud, regardless, with his four Kruboys far more cautiously paddling after him.

The affrighted crabs were in a great taking. It seems to be crab etiquette that, even when a powerfully built, lithe, six foot high young man is coming at you hard all with a paddle, you must not go rushing into anybody's house save your own, whereby it fell out many crabs were captured; but the thing did not end there. I had never suspected we should catch anything but our deaths of fever, and so had brought with me no collecting-box, and before I could remonstrate Mr. Fildes' handkerchief was full of crabs, and of course mine too. It was a fine sunny morning on the Equator, and therefore it was hot, and we had nothing to wipe our perspiring brows with.

All the crabs being caught or scared home on this mud bank, we proceed higher up river, and after some more crab hunts we got to a place where I noticed you did not sink very far in if you kept moving; so I got ashore, and we went towards a break in the mangroves, where some high trees were growing, where we fell in with some exceedingly lovely mayflies and had a great hunt. They have legs two to three inches long, white at the joints and black between; a very small body with purple wings belongs to the legs, but you do not suspect this


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 Scope of present article.

The present article is simply an attempt to give a general idea of the Höng Shán dialect and its points of difference when compared with the Cantonese of Canton city. As the writer has already said:—

In lieu therefore of any fuller account of this interesting and important dialect of the Cantonese, the following pages may be acceptable.

Geographical.

The Hong Shán district consists of the land lying between the main estuary of the Canton River and one of the numerous channels by which the West River pursues its southern course into the sea. A glance at the map shows it to be made up of a number of large islands and numerous small ones, separated in a geographical point of view, but from a commercial stand point joined together by almost countless waterways, natural and artificial, large and small. To the north, lie the Shun Tak and P'ún Yü districts; to the east, on the other side of the Bocca Tigris, the Tung Kwún district and lower down, on the eastern shores of Lintin Bay, the San On district. Its western neighbour is the San Wúí district from which it is separated more or less by the network of channels by means of which the mighty West River discharges the greater part of its water into the sea. The Höng Shán district stretches its southermost boundaries into the sea itself.

Antiquity.

The highest antiquity to which some of the families in the Höng Shán district can claim is an ability to trace up their descent to the Sung dynasty, perhaps some of their ancestors coming in the train of the ill-fated princes, a portion of whose followers settled after the disaster at Ngaí Mún in the neighbouring district and gave, according to one opinion, a distinctive and peculiar character to the San Ning speech. The village of Tung Ngon (東岸) is said to be the oldest village in the Höng Shán district, being founded in the time of the Sung dynasty. It would be very interesting to trace the sources from which the earlier influx of the present inhabitants took place. That different currents of immigration from the neighbouring districts have had their share in the formation of the present population during more recent times, is known as family tradition, and registries give proof of these facts.

Population.

It is always interesting to form some idea of the number of people who speak a given language or dialect; but it is generally nothing better than a rough guess that can be made when we are dealing with the Chinese.

The Chinese in the Portuguese colony of Macao according to returns made in 1879 numbered 63,532. We cannot be far wrong if we take three-quarters of these Chinese as natives of Höng Shán.

A Chinese estimate puts the number of Höng Shán people in Hongkong as about 10,000 more or less. They are compradores, boys, house and godown coolies, and agents for, or dealers in, Californian goods principally, though they are engaged in many other trades and callings. It is difficult to give exact figures with regard to the population, of the whole district of Höng Shán,


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xxviii that the two Princes Royal, without counsel save from their Twelve stupid Giants, knew not how to fall upon any amicable arrangement; and, seeing Siegfried ride by so opportunely, requested him to be arbiter; offering also the Sword Balmung for his trouble. Siegfried, who readily undertook the impossible problem, did his best to accomplish it; but, of course, without effect; nay the two Nibelungen Princes, being of choleric temper, grew impatient, and provoked him; whereupon, with the Sword Balmung he slew them both, and their Twelve Giants (perhaps originally Signs of the Zodiac} to boot. Thus did the famous Nibelungen Hort (Hoard), and indeed the whole Nibelungenland, come into his possession: wearing the Sword Balmung, and having slain the two Princes and their Champions, what was there farther to oppose him? Vainly did the Dwarf Alberich, our old friend Elberich of the “Heldenbuch,” who had now become special keeper of this Hoard, attempt some resistance with a Dwarf Army; he was driven back into the cave; plundered of his Tarnkappe; and obliged, with all his myrmidons, to swear fealty to the conqueror, whom indeed thenceforth he and they punctually obeyed.

Whereby Siegfried might now farther style himself King of the Nibelungen; master of the infinite Nibelungen Hoard (collected doubtless by art-magic in the beginning of Time, in the deep bowels of the Universe), with the Wünschelruthe (Wishing or Divining-rod) pertaining thereto; owner of the Tarnkappe, which he ever after kept by him, to put on at will; and though last not least, Bearer and Wielder of the Sword Balmung, by the keen


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 until you have caught the legs, as they hover and swing to and fro over some mass of decaying wood stuff. At first I thought they were spiders hanging from some invisible thread, so strangely did they move in circumscribed spaces: but we swept our hands over them and found no thread, and then we went for the legs in sheer desperation, and found a tiny fly body belonging to them and not a tiny spider body.

We then made our way on to the slightly higher land fringing the swamp. There was at the river end of the swamp a belt of palms, and beyond this a belt of red-woods, acacias, and other trees, and passing through these, we were out on an open grass-covered country, with low, rolling hills, looking strangely English, with clumps of trees here and there, and running between the hills, in all directions, densely-wooded valleys—a pleasant, homely-looking country.

We wandered through a considerable lot of grass, wherein I silently observed there were millions of ticks, and we made for a group of hut-homesteads and chatted with the inhabitants, until Mr. Fildes' conscience smote him with the fact that he had not given out cook's stores for the mid-day meal. Then we made a short cut to the boat, which involved us in a lot of mud-hopping, and so home to 12 o'clock breakfast.

At breakfast I find Mr. Fildes regards it as his duty to do more scientific work, for he asks me to go to Woermann's farm, and I, not knowing where it is, say yes; inwardly trusting that the place may not be far away, and situated in a reasonably dry country, for I have lost all sense of reliance in Mr. Fildes' instinct of self-preservation—an instinct usually strong enough to keep a West Coaster from walking a mile. Along the windward coast, and in the Rivers, I have always been accustomed to be regarded as insane for my walking ways, but this gentleman is worth six of me any day, and worth sixty for Sundays, it's clear.

At 3 o'clock off we go, turning down the "Boulevard" towards Libreville, and then up a road to the right opposite Woermann's beach, and follow it through miles of grass over low hills. Here and there are huts new to me, and quite unlike the mud ones of the West Coast, or the grass ones of the Congo and Angola districts. They are far inferior to the


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 as all who know anything about the Chinese are aware. In an article, on the population of the Chinese Empire, in the Chinese Repository for 1833, the following is one of the arguments adduced for believing the population of the entire empire to be (in round figures) 333,000,000:— This estimate of the population of the Höng Shán District would appear to err largely on the side of moderation, Macao alone, as we have seen, having a Chinese population of over 60,000. In fact this estimate of 237,000 or more would seem scarcely to provide sufficient people to populate one of the towns in Höng Shán, Síú Lám—though to be sure it is the largest in the district and its inhabitants do not speak the Höng Shan dialect—to say nothing of all the other numerous towns and villages with their teeming populations, and Macao too would be left out of the calculation. Of Höng Shán, Dr. Henry says:—

To try again to form some rough estimate of the population of the Höng Shán district.: with a population say of 360,000,000 the average for the whole empire is 268 persons to the square mile, while the average in the nine southern and western provinces is only 154 to the square mile; now there were 289 inhabitants to the square mile in Great Britain in 1881 (being a greater number to the square mile than in some of the principal countries in Europe). Keeping the above in one's memory, let the following extract be read:— Now with the computed population of 19,200,000 to the whole of the Kwong Tung Province, there would only be 245 inhabitants to the square mile; were the population 30,000,000, it would be 389 to the squresquare [sic] mile: in one case far below, and in the other far above, that of Great Britain. The area of the whole province is stated to be 78,250 miles. Kwong Chau Fu, with its fourteen districts contains a ninth of the area of the whole province. If it were all equally thickly populated as the delta of the Canton River which delta, the writer, already quoted, considers as roughly coinciding with the Kwong Chau Prefecture—then, supposing the population to be not less than say, 30,000,000, it would give us an average of 383 inhabitants per square mile, a total of 3,372,315 for the whole prefecture, and 240,879 for each of the fourteen districts of which Höng Shán is one. This calculation brings us to about the same conclusion as the writer in the Chinese Repository with his more than 237,000. But even by this process, of calculation, if the large town of Síú Lám has at least 300,000 inhabitants and the district city Shek Kéí, four or five miles of Macao,


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Rh edge of which all this gain had come to him, To which last acquisitions adding his previously acquired Invulnerability, and his natural dignities as Prince of Netherland, he might well show himself before the foremost at Worms or elsewhere; and attempt any the highest adventure that fortune could cut out for him. However, his subsequent history belongs all to the “Nibelungen Song”; at which fair garden of poesy we are now, through all these shaggy wildernesses and enchanted woods, finally arrived.

Apart from its antiquarian value, and not only as by far the finest monument of old German art; but intrinsically, and as a mere detached composition, this “Nibelungen” has an excellence that cannot but surprise us. With little preparation, any reader of poetry, even in these days, might find it interesting, It is not without a certain Unity of interest and purport, an internal coherence and completeness; it is a Whole, and some spirit of Music informs it: these are the highest characteristics of a true


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 swish huts of the Effiks, or the Moorish-looking mud ones you see round Cape Coast Castle, &c., and notably inferior to the exceedingly neat Dualla huts of Cameroons; but they are better than any other type of African house I have seen.

They are made of split bamboo with roofs of mats like the Effik roofs, but again inferior. I notice sometimes the sections of the walls are made on the ground and then erected. The builder drives in a row of strong wooden poles, and then ties the sections on to them very neatly with "tic-tie." The door and window-frames and shutters are made of plank painted a bright cobalt blue as a rule, but now and then red—a red I believe that had no business there, as it looks like some white gentleman's red oxide he has had out for painting the boats with.

Sometimes, however, instead of the sections being made on the ground of closely set split bamboos, the poles of unsplit bamboo are driven in, and the split bamboos are lashed on to them, alternately inside and outside, and between these are fixed palm-leaf mats. I suspect this style of architecture of being cheaper. Although there are a good many houses of both these types being erected on the hills round Glass and Libreville, I cannot say building operations are carried on with much vigour, for there are plenty of skeletons up, with just one or two sections tied in place, and then left as if the builder had gone on strike or got sick of the job somehow.

The stretch of broiling hot grass is trying, but interesting; some of it is intensely fine and a beautiful yellow-green, which I am told is gathered and dried and made into pillows. Some again is long lank stuff, carrying a maroon-coloured ear, which when ripe turns gold colour, and in either state is very lovely when one comes across stretches of it down a hillside.

On either side of us show wooded valleys like those we saw this morning; and away to the east the line of mangrove swamp fringing the little river we rowed up. Away to the west are the groves of mango trees round Libreville; mango trees are only pretty when you are close to them, prettiest of all when you are walking through an avenue of them, and you can see their richness of colour; the deep myrtle-green


text:
Page:Travels in West Africa, Congo Français, Corisco and Cameroons (IA travelsinwestafr00kingrich).pdf/144

 leaves, with the young shoots a dull crimson, and the soft gray-brown stem, and the luscious-looking but turpentiny-tasting fruit, a glory of gold and crimson, like an immense nectarine.

We gradually get into a more beautiful type of country, and down into a forest. The high trees are the usual high forest series with a preponderance of acacias. It is a forest of varied forms, but flowerless now in the dry season. There are quantities of ferns; hart's-tongues and the sort that grows on the oil-palms, and elks-horn growing out of its great brown shields on the trees above, and bracken, and pretty trailing lycopodium climbing over things, but mostly over the cardamoms which abound in the under-bush, and here and there great banks of the most lovely ferns I have ever seen save the tree-fern, an ambitious climber, called, I believe, by the botanists Nephrodium circutarium, and walls of that strange climbing grass, and all sorts of other lovely things by thousands in all directions.

Butterflies and dragon-flies were scarce here compared to Okijon, but of other flies there were more than plenty.

The roadway is exceedingly good; certainly in the grass country you are rather liable to what Captain Eversfield graphically describes as "stub your toe" against lava-like rock, for the grass has overgrown the road, leaving only a single-file path open. In the forest you come across isolated masses of stratified rock, sometimes eight and ten feet high, most prettily overgrown with moss and fern.

We pass through several villages which Mr. Fildes tells me are Fan villages, and are highly interesting after all one has already heard of this tribe of evil repute. Their houses are quite different to the M'pongwe ones we have left behind, and are built of sheets of bark, tied on to sticks.

Frequently in the street one sees the characteristic standing drum painted white in patterns with black or red-brown, and a piece of raw hide stretched across the top, and one or two talking-drums besides.

We cross several pretty streams in the forest carefully bridged with plank. This Woermann's road, I hear, is between six and seven miles long, and its breadth


text:
Page:The lay of the Nibelungs; (IA nibelungslay00hortrich).pdf/34

xxx Poem. Considering farther what intellectual environment we now find it in, it is doubly to be prized and wondered at; for it differs from those “Hero-books,” as molten or carved metal does from rude agglomerated ore; almost as some Shakespeare from his fellow Dramatists, whose “Tamburlaines” and “Island Princesses,” themselves not destitute of merit, first show us clearly in what pure loftiness and loneliness the “Hamlets” and “Tempests” reign.

The unknown Singer of the “Nibelungen,” though no Shakespeare, must have had a deep poetic soul; wherein things discontinuous and inanimate shaped themselves together into life, and the Universe with its wondrous purport stood significantly imaged; overarching, as with heavenly firmaments and eternal harmonies, the little scene where men strut and fret their hour. His Poem, unlike so many old and new pretenders to that name, has a basis and organic structure, a beginning, middle and end; there is one great principle and idea set forth in it, round which all its multifarious parts combine in living union. Remarkable it is, moreover, how along with this essence and primary condition of all poetic virtue, the minor external virtues of what we call Taste and so forth, are, as it were, presupposed; and the living soul of Poetry being there, its body of incidents, its garment of language, come of their own accord. So toa in the case of Shakespeare: his feeling of propriety, as compared with that of the Marlowes and Fletchers, his quick sure sense of what is fit and unfit, either in act or word, might astonish us, had he no other superiority. But true Inspiration, as it may well do, includes that same Taste, or rather a far higher and heartfelt Taste, of which that other “elegant” species is but an ineffcetual, irrational apery: let us see the herald Mercury actually descend from his Heaven, and the bright wings, and the graceful movement of these, will not be wanting.

With an instinctive art, far different from acquired artifice, this Poet of the “Nibelungen,” working in the same province with his contemporaries of the “Heldenbuch,” on the same material


text:
Page:Travels in West Africa, Congo Français, Corisco and Cameroons (IA travelsinwestafr00kingrich).pdf/145

 uniformly nine feet, and it must have cost a lot of money to make. It was made with the intention of being used for waggons drawn by oxen, which were to bring down all the produce of the coffee plantation, and the timber that might be cut down in the clearing for it, to Gaboon for shipment. A large house was erected and a quantity of coffee planted, and then the enterprise was abandoned by Messrs. Woermann, and the whole affair, coffee, road, and all is rapidly sinking back into the bush.

There is a considerable-sized Fan village just at the entrance to the farm in which is a big silk-cotton tree. It struck me as strange, after coming from Calabar where these trees are frequently smothered round the roots with fetish objects, to see nothing on this one save a framed and glazed image of the Virgin and Child. Just beyond the Fan town there is a little river.

When we get so far it is too late to proceed further, and nothing but this consideration, backed by the memory of one night when he was compelled to walk to Glass from the farm, prevents Mr. Fildes, I believe, from crossing to Corisco Bay.

So round we turn, and return in the same order we came in, Mr. Fildes lashing along first, I behind him, going like a clock, which was my one chance. When at last we reached the "Boulevard" he wanted to reverse this order, but remembering the awful state that the back of my blouse got in at Fernando Po from a black boot-lace I was reduced to employ as a stay-lace, I refuse to go in front, without explaining why.

27th.—Went up among the grass to see if there was anything to be got; ticks were, and there were any quantity of ants and flocks of very small birds, little finch-like people, with a soft, dull, gray-brown plumage, relieved by a shading of dark green on the back, and little crimson bills; they have a pretty twittering note, and are little bigger than butterflies; butterflies themselves are rare now. I see the small boys catch these birds with flake rubber as with birdlime. Down in the wooded hollows there are numbers of other birds, plantain-eaters, and the bird with the long, soft, rich, thrush-


text:
Page:Samuel Gompers - Out of Their Own Mouths (1921).djvu/94

 68 masses of the Russian peasants. The Social Revolutionary Party has also addressed to world labor a vigorous protest outlining the refinement of physical and moral tortures introduced under Lenin through that revival of the Spanish inquisition, the Extraordinary Commission for Fighting the Counter Revolution, presided over by the world famed inquisitor and butcher, Djerzinsky.

The social revolutionists state that the wife of one of the prisoners, A. T. Kuznetzov, was flogged by the Bolshevist authorities for refusing to divulge her husband's whereabouts; that not only were the wife and daughters of Chernoff, Likhatch and the other leading social revolutionary prisoners arrested but that in some cases, their distant relatives were held as hostages; that the inquisition proposes to the wives of prisoners to enter into its services as spies, promising to free their husbands in return.

Here are the conditions of Russia's "political prisoners" and "conscientious objectors" as defined by the executive committee of Russia's largest political organization. The protest is addressed in the first instance to the Soviet authorities:

The refined cruelty of the ail-Russian and provincial Extraordinary Commissions has reached such a stage as to drive insane some of the arrested socialists-revolutionists who can not endure the regime of confinement in the city of Yaroslav, in the so-called "soviet house of detention," over the entrance of which there is flaunting a sign reading: "Russian Socialist Federal Soviet Republic" and above which sign there is the old Tzarist inscription: "Yaroslav Central Hard Labor Prison." There are many tried and true champions of the workers' cause among


text:
Page:The China Review, Or, Notes and Queries on the Far East, Volume 22 1RZBAQAAMAAJ.pdf/91

 as we are informed has a population of between 100,000 and 200,000, or including its suburbs 300,000 at the least, we are still far below the right population number. Again the writer in the 'Chinese Repository' with his average of 237,000 says, he thinks the district of Singan would fall below the average number. There is no doubt it would fall below the average number of some of its neighbouring districts; but instead of San On only having less than 237,000, another writer gives the population of San On as somewhere about 240,000. If the latter is anywhere like the correct figure for San On, then the Höng Shán district has probably an immensely larger population.

We cannot perhaps be far wrong—speaking of necessity in the vague way in which the Chinese delight to speak of numbers—in thinking that the population of the Höng Shán district runs well up, if not even far up, into the hundreds of thousands at all events.

Though all in the district do not speak the Höng Shán dialect, yet on the other hand it must he remembered that large numbers are found of Höng Shán speakers elsewhere in China and of the treaty ports, &c., as well as in foreign lands: so that we may safely say that the language is spoken by hundreds of thousands of Chinese, perhaps we might well say by many hundreds of thousands.

Different languages and dialects.

The population of the Höng Shán district is not wholly composed of Cantonese. A rough estimate puts the Hakka population as one fourth of the whole. Whether this estimate, for it is nothing more, is an accurate one or approaches anything near truth it is impossible to say. The Hakkas are said to live mostly in villages inhabited wholly by themselves; and in the mountainous portions chiefly, as in upland valleys,

though, of course they are to be found in the district city itself, and are to be met with scattered over the district in the same way as in other parts of this region of country. The statement of the fact that nearly all the professors of the tonsorial art, in this part of China, are Hakkas would be almost sufficient proof alone that they are to be found everywhere; for how far can one travel in this much-shaved empire without coming across a barber? The villages of Chim Chung (尖涌) and Kwú Yau (古祐) are inhabited by both Hakkas and Puntis.

There is also quite a number of Hoklos as well in the Höng Shán district; but they do not approach to anything like the number of the Hakkas. How many there are of them, it is impossible to say. The villages they occupy are Wú Shek (烏石), Yung Mak (雍陌), P'ing Lám (平嵐), K'iú T'aú (橋頭), and A Kong (鴉江). It would be an interesting study to compare the speech of these people with that of the portion of the country—be it the neighbourhood of Hoi Fúng, Lúk Fúng, Swatow, or Amoy—from which they emigrated, and note the influences of the new habitat on their language.

But notwithstanding the Hakkas and Hoklos, the greater part of the population of the Höng Shán district are so-called Cantonese speakers—so-called, as the district possesses a dialect of its own in which, not only the pronunciation of many of the words, but also the greater part of the whole series (three are the same) of the nine or ten tones diverge to a greater or lesser extent from the standard of correct Cantonese pronunciation, to say nothing of the use of different words to express the same ideas. It must not, however, be supposed that a uniform dialect pervades the whole district. Far from such being the case, there are a number of local peculiarities to be detected. And there are also places where the dialects of some of the neighbouring districts hold


text: Forget Me Not/1827/The Three Damsels

title: Forget Me Not/1827/The Three Damsels


text: Category:Monthly Challenge (December 2023)


text:
Module:Monthly Challenge/data/2023-12

return { target = 3100, year = 2023, month = 12, works = { [-1] = {			-- evergreen periodicals ["The New Yorker 0001 1925-02-21.pdf"] = { cover = 1, year = 1925, author = "Various", title = "The New Yorker (volume 1, issue 1)", flag = "US", short = "yes", subject = {"Magazines", "Current affairs"}, status = { initial = "not proofread" }	   	},	    	["The Atlantic Monthly Volume 1.djvu"] = { year = 1858, cover = 5, title = "The Atlantic (vol 1, 1858)", author = "Various", flag = "United States", subject = {"Periodicals", "Current affairs"}, status = { initial = "not proofread" }           },            ["The Economist 1843-08- Vol 1 Preliminary Number (IA sim economist 1843-08 1 preliminary-number).pdf"] = { year = 1858, cover = 1, title = "The Economist (volume 1, preliminary)", author = "Various", flag = "United Kingdom", subject = {"Periodicals", "Current affairs", "Economics"}, short = "yes", status = { initial = "not proofread" }           },            ["Nature - Volume 1.pdf"] = { year = 1870, cover = 7, title = "Nature (volume 1)", author = "Various", flag = "United Kingdom", subject = {"Periodicals", "Science"}, status = { initial = "not proofread" }           },            ["Philosophical Transactions - Volume 003.djvu"] = { year = 1668, cover = 1, title = "Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society (1665-1886) (volume 3)", author = "Various", flag = "United Kingdom", subject = {"Periodicals", "Science"}, status = { initial = "not proofread" }           },            ["The National geographic magazine, volume 1.djvu"] = { year = 1889, cover = 11, title = "National Geographic (Volume 1)", author = "Various", flag = "United States", subject = {"Periodicals", "Geography", "Photography"}, status = { initial = "not proofread" }           },        },        [0] = {            ["Brinkley - China - Volume 1.djvu"] = { year = 1902, cover = 15, title = "China: Its History, Arts and Literature (Volume 1)", author = "Francis Brinkley", flag = "China", subject = {"Chinese Culture"}, status = { initial = "not proofread", }           },        	[ 'CTRL0000034608 - Deposition of John Eastman, (Dec. 9, 2021).pdf' ] = { year = 2021, flag = 'United States', author = 'Select Committee to Investigate the January 6th Attack on the United States Capitol', title = 'Deposition of John Eastman, (Dec. 9, 2021)', subject = 'United States Congress', short = "yes", cover = 1, status = { initial= 'not proofread', }			},             ['The Grey Fairy Book.djvu' ] = { year = 1900, title = 'The Grey Fairy Book', author = {"Andrew Lang"}, flag = 'Scotland', cover = 7, subject = { 'Children\'s' }, status = { initial = 'not proofread', }           },	                ['Ten Days in a Mad-House (1887).djvu' ] = { year = 1887, title = 'Ten Days in a Mad-House', author = {"Nellie Bly"}, flag = 'United States', cover = 1, subject = { 'Requested Texts' }, status = { initial = 'not proofread', final = 'proofread' }           },	               ['Origins-of-COVID-19-20230623.pdf' ] = { year = 2023, title = 'Potential Links Between the Wuhan Institute of Virology and the Origin of the COVID-19 Pandemic', author = {"Office of the Director of National Intelligence"}, flag = "United States", cover = 1, subject = { 'Requested Texts' }, status = { initial = 'not proofread', final = "validated" }           },	            ["The Works of H G Wells Volume 10.pdf"] = { cover = 13, year = 1925, author = "H. G. Wells", title = "The Works of H.G. Wells (Volume 10)", flag = "UK", subject = {"Fiction"}, status = { initial = "not proofread", }           },            ["The Count of Monte-Cristo (1887 Volume 3).djvu"] = { year = 1888, title = "The Count of Monte-Cristo (volume 3)", author = {"Alexandre Dumas (1802-1870)"}, subject = { "Novels" }, cover = 9, flag = "France", status = { initial = "not proofread", final = "proofread" }           },            ["The Count of Monte-Cristo (1887 Volume 4).djvu"] = { year = 1888, title = "The Count of Monte-Cristo (volume 4)", author = {"Alexandre Dumas (1802-1870)"}, subject = { "Novels" }, cover = 7, flag = "France", status = { initial = "not proofread" }           },            ["Tristram.djvu"] = { year = 1927, title = "Tristram", author = {"Edwin Arlington Robinson"}, subject = { "Poetry", "Pulitzers" }, cover = 9, flag = "United States", status = { initial = "not proofread", final = "proofread" }           },            ["The return of the soldier (IA returnofsoldier00west2).pdf"] = { year = 1918, title = "The Return of the Soldier", author = {"Rebecca West"}, subject = { "Novella" }, cover = 1, flag = "UK", status = { initial = "not proofread", final = "proofread" }           },            ["The New Centurion - Eastwick - 1895.pdf"] = { year = 1895, title = "The New Centurion", author = {"James Eastwick"}, subject = { "Novels", "Requested texts" }, cover = 6, flag = "UK", status = { initial = "not proofread" }           },            ["The Next Naval War - Eardley-Wilmot - 1894.djvu"] = { year = 1894, title = "The Next Naval War", author = {"Sydney Marow Eardley-Wilmot"}, subject = { "Military history", "Requested texts" }, cover = 7, flag = "England", status = { initial = "not proofread", final = "proofread" }           },            ["Vivian Grey, Volume 2.djvu"] = { year = 1826, cover = 7, title = "Vivian Grey (vol 2)", author = "Benjamin Disraeli", flag = "United Kingdom", subject = {"Novels"}, status = { initial = "not proofread", }           },            ["The records of the Virginia company of London - Volume 1.djvu"] = { year = 1906, cover = 11, title = "The records of the Virginia company of London (vol 1)", flag = "US", subject = {"American history", "Requested texts"}, status = { initial = "not proofread", }           },            ["Horrid Mysteries Volume 3.djvu"] = { year = 1796, cover = 5, title = "Horrid Mysteries (vol 3)", author = "Carl Friedrich August Grosse", flag = "Germany", subject = {"Gothics", "Requested texts"}, status = { initial = "not proofread", }           },            ["Harmonium - Wallace Stevens.djvu"] = { year = 1923, cover = 10, title = "Harmonium", author = "Wallace Stevens", flag = "US", subject = {"Poetry"}, status = { initial = "not proofread", final = "validated" }           },            ["The Celtic twilight. Men and women (IA celtictwilightme00yeat).pdf"] = { year = 1894, cover = 5, title = "The Celtic Twilight", author = "William Butler Yeats", flag = "Ireland", subject = {"Poetry"}, status = { initial = "not proofread", }           },            ["Following the Equator (Mark Twain).djvu"] = { year = 1897, cover = 9, title = "Following the Equator", author = "Mark Twain", flag = "US", subject = {"Novels"}, status = { initial = "not proofread", }           },            ["The Black Moth.pdf"] = { year = 1921, cover = 7, title = "The Black Moth", author = "Georgette Heyer", flag = "US", subject = {"Novels", "Requested texts"}, status = { initial = "not proofread", }           },            ["Illustrations of the history of medieval thought and learning.djvu"] = { year = 1920, cover = 7, title = "Illustrations of the History of Medieval Thought and Learning", author = "Reginald Lane Poole", flag = "UK", subject = {"Medieval history"}, status = { initial = "not proofread", }           },            ["Unclos e.djvu"] = { year = 1982, cover = 1, title = "United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea", flag = "United Nations", subject = {"Treaties"}, status = { initial = "not proofread", }           },            ["A chambermaid's diary.djvu"] = { year = 1900, cover = 7, title = "A Chambermaid's Diary", author = "Octave Mirbeau", flag = "France", subject = {"Novels"}, status = { initial = "not proofread", }           },            ["A history of Hungarian literature.djvu"] = { year = 1906, cover = 7, title = "A History of Hungarian Literature", author = "Frigyes Riedl", flag = "Hungary", subject = {"Literature", "History"}, status = { initial = "not proofread", }           },            ["Henryk Sienkiewicz - Quo Vadis (1897 Curtin translation).djvu"] = { year = 1897, title = "Quo Vadis: A Narrative of the Time of Nero", author = "Henryk Sienkiewicz", subject = "Novels, Christianity", cover = 11, flag = "Poland", status = { initial = "not proofread" }           },        },        [1] = {			["J. Brett Blanton, Architect of the Capitol, Abused His Authority, Misused Government Property and Wasted Taxpayer Money, Among Other Substantiated Violations.pdf"] = { year = 2022, cover = 1, author = "Architect of the Capitol Office of Inspector General", title = "J. Brett Blanton, Architect of the Capitol, Abused His Authority, Misused Government Property and Wasted Taxpayer Money, Among Other Substantiated Violations", flag = "United States", subject = {"Transclusion"}, status = { initial = "tofix", final = "validated" },           },            ["ISC-China.pdf"] = { year = 2023, title = "China", author = "Intelligence and Security Committee of Parliament", subject = { "Current affairs", "CCP", "Espionage" }, cover = 1, flag = "United Kingdom", status = { initial = "tofix", final = "proofread" }           },			[ 'History of Woman Suffrage Volume 4.djvu' ] = { year = 1888, title = 'History of Woman Suffrage (Volume 4)', author = 'Elizabeth Cady Stanton', flag = 'USA', cover = 7, subject = { 'Women\'s Rights'}, status = { initial = "not proofread" }           },			["Works of Jules Verne - Parke - Vol 2.djvu"] = { cover = 15, year = 1911, author = 'Jules Verne', title = 'Works of Jules Verne (vol 2)', flag = 'France', subject = {'Novels', 'Adventure'}, status = { initial = 'not proofread', }           },			['The life and opinions of Tristram Shandy (Volume 6).pdf' ] = { cover = 7, year = 1760, author = 'Laurence Sterne', title = 'The life and opinions of Tristram Shandy (Volume 6)', flag = 'UK', subject = {'Fiction'}, status = { initial = 'proofread', }   	    },    	    ['The life and opinions of Tristram Shandy (Volume 7).pdf' ] = { cover = 7, year = 1760, author = 'Laurence Sterne', title = 'The life and opinions of Tristram Shandy (Volume 7)', flag = 'UK', subject = {'Fiction'}, status = { initial = 'not proofread', }   	    },    	    ['The Wreck of a World - Grove - 1890.djvu' ] = { cover = 7, year = 1890, author = 'William Grove', title = 'The Wreck of a World', flag = 'UK', subject = {'Fiction', "Requested texts"}, status = { initial = 'not proofread', final = 'proofread', }   	    },    	    ['The Bard of the Dales.djvu' ] = { cover = 5, year = 1850, author = 'John Castillo', title = 'The Bard of the Dales', flag = 'UK', subject = {'Fiction', "Requested texts"}, status = { initial = 'not proofread', }   	    },    	    ["Treaty of Peace - Versailles (1919) Ottawa.djvu"] = { year = 1919, flag = "the League of Nations (1939–1941)", title = "Treaty of Versailles", subject = {"World War I", "Treaties"}, cover = 1, status = { initial = "proofread", },			},   	    ['Mosquitos (Faulkner).pdf' ] = { cover = 7, year = 1927, author = 'William Faulkner', title = 'Mosquitos', flag = 'USA', subject = {'Fiction', "Celebrating the Public Domain"}, status = { initial = 'not proofread', }   	    },    	    ['Religion and the rise of capitalism.pdf' ] = { cover = 7, year = 1926, author = 'Richard Henry Tawney', title = 'Religion and the rise of capitalism', flag = 'UK', subject = {'Religion', "Celebrating the Public Domain"}, status = { initial = 'not proofread', }   	    },    	    ['The Moon Maid.pdf' ] = { cover = 9, year = 1926, author = 'Edgar Rice Burroughs', title = 'The Moon Maid', flag = 'USA', subject = {'Fiction', "Celebrating the Public Domain"}, status = { initial = 'not proofread', }   	    },    	    ['The Painted Veil - Maugham - 1925.djvu' ] = { cover = 7, year = 1925, author = 'W. Somerset Maugham', title = 'The Painted Veil', flag = 'UK', subject = {'Fiction', "Celebrating the Public Domain"}, status = { initial = 'not proofread', }   	    },    	    ["The lay of the Nibelungs; (IA nibelungslay00hortrich).pdf"] = { year = 1901, title = "The Lay of the Nibelungs", author = {"Alice Horton", "Edward Bell", "Thomas Carlyle"}, subject = { "Poetry" }, cover = 7, flag = "Germany", status = { initial = "not proofread", final = "proofread" }           },            ["The Count of Monte-Cristo (1887 Volume 1).djvu"] = { year = 1888, title = "The Count of Monte-Cristo (volume 1)", author = {"Alexandre Dumas (1802-1870)"}, subject = { "Novels" }, cover = 9, flag = "France", status = { initial = "proofread", }           },            ["The Count of Monte-Cristo (1887 Volume 2).djvu"] = { year = 1888, title = "The Count of Monte-Cristo (volume 2)", author = {"Alexandre Dumas (1802-1870)"}, subject = { "Novels" }, cover = 9, flag = "France", status = { initial = "not proofread", final = "proofread" }           },            ["Little Lord Fauntleroy.djvu"] = { year = 1886, title = "Little Lord Fauntleroy", author = {"Frances Hodgson Burnett"}, subject = { "Children's Literature" }, cover = 13, flag = "US", status = { initial = "not proofread" }           },			["Chapters on Jewish literature (IA chaptersonjewish00abra).pdf"] = { year = 1899, title = "Chapters on Jewish Literature", author = "Israel Abrahams", subject = "Jewish literature", cover = 7, flag = "United Kingdom", status = { initial = "not proofread" }           },            ["The Innocents Abroad (1869).djvu"] = { year = 1869, cover = 15, title = "The Innocents Abroad", author = "Mark Twain", flag = "USA", subject = {"Travel", "Humor"}, status = { initial = "not proofread" }           },	            ["Principlesofpoli00malt.djvu"] = { year = 1836, title = "Principles of Political Economy (Malthus)", author = "Thomas Malthus", subject = "Economics", cover = 7, flag = "United Kingdom", status = { initial = "not proofread" }           },            ["Rudyard Kipling's verse - Inclusive Edition 1885-1918.djvu"] = { year = 1919, title = "Rudyard Kipling's Verse, Inclusive Edition, 1885-1918", author = "Rudyard Kipling", subject = {"Children's", "Poetry"}, cover = 7, flag = "United Kingdom", status = { initial = "not proofread" }           },            ["The life of Charlotte Brontë (IA lifeofcharlotteb01gaskrich).pdf"] = { year = 1857, title = "The Life of Charlotte Brontë", author = "Elizabeth Cleghorn Gaskell", subject = "Women Writers", cover = 13, flag = "UK", status = { initial = "not proofread" }           },			["The last of the Mohicans (1826 Volume 3).djvu"] = { cover = 5, year = 1826, author = "James Fenimore Cooper", title = "The Last of the Mohicans (Volume 3)", flag = "USA", subject = {"Novel"}, status = { initial = "not proofread" }       	},			["Following darkness (IA followingdarknes00reid).pdf"] = { cover = 5, year = 1912, author = "Forrest Reid", title = "Following Darkness", flag = "UK", subject = {"LGBT"}, status = { initial = "not proofread" }       	},        	["Poems, chiefly lyrical.pdf"] = { cover = 1, year = 1830, author = "Alfred Tennyson", title = "Poems, chiefly lyrical", flag = "UK", subject = {"Poetry"}, status = { initial = "proofread", final = "validated", }       	},		},		[2] = {			["Lucian (IA lucianlucas00collrich).pdf"] = { year = 1873, cover = 7, author = "William Lucas Collins", title = "Lucian", flag = "Rome", subject = {"Classics"}, status = { initial = "not proofread", },           },            [ 'CTRL0000034605 - Transcribed Interview of Angela McCallum, (December 8, 2021).pdf' ] = { year = 2021, flag = 'United States', author = 'Select Committee to Investigate the January 6th Attack on the United States Capitol', title = 'Transcribed Interview of Angela McCallum, (December 8, 2021)', subject = 'United States Congress', cover = 1, status = { initial= 'proofread', final = "proofread" }			},			[ 'CTRL0000034607 - Deposition of Ali Alexander, (Dec. 9, 2021).pdf' ] = { year = 2021, flag = 'United States', author = 'Select Committee to Investigate the January 6th Attack on the United States Capitol', title = 'Deposition of Ali Alexander, (Dec. 9, 2021)', subject = 'United States Congress', cover = 1, status = { initial= 'not proofread', final = "proofread" }			},           ["The Works of H G Wells Volume 9.pdf"] = { cover = 15, year = 1924, author = "H. G. Wells", title = "The Works of H.G. Wells (Volume 9)", flag = "UK", subject = {"Fiction"}, status = { initial = "proofread", }           },			["The Confessions of Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Aldus, 1903, v. 2.djvu" ] = { cover = 13, year = 1782, author = 'Jean-Jacques Rousseau', title = "Confessions (vol 2)", flag = 'France', subject = {'Autobiography'}, status = { initial = 'not proofread', }   	    },    	    ["Dream Life - Mitchell - 1899? Altemus.djvu" ] = { cover = 11, year = 1899, author = 'Donald Grant Mitchell', title = "Dream Life", flag = 'United States', subject = {'Novels'}, status = { initial = 'not proofread', }   	    },    	    ["A Wreath of Cloud.djvu" ] = { cover = 7, year = 1927, author = 'Murasaki Shikibu', title = "A Wreath of Cloud", flag = 'Japan', subject = {'Novels'}, status = { initial = 'not proofread', }   	    },    	    ["Awd Isaac - Castillo.djvu" ] = { cover = 5, year = 1843, author = 'John Castillo', title = "Awd Isaac, the steeple chase, and other poems", flag = 'United Kingdom', subject = {'Requested texts', "Poetry"}, status = { initial = 'not proofread', }   	    },    	    [ 'Youth, a narrative, and two other stories.djvu' ] = { cover = 7, year = 1902, author = 'Joseph Conrad', title = 'Youth, a narrative, and two other stories', flag = 'UK', subject = {'Novels'}, status = { initial = 'not proofread', }           },            [ 'The letters of Martin Luther.djvu' ] = { cover = 7, year = 1908, author = 'Martin Luther', title = 'The letters of Martin Luther', flag = 'Germany', subject = {'Religion'}, status = { initial = 'not proofread', }           },            [ 'The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa (1884).djvu' ] = { cover = 7, year = '1884', author = 'Kisari Mohan Ganguli', title = 'The Mahabharata (Volume 1)', flag = 'India', subject = 'Hinduism', status = { initial = 'not proofread', }           },            [ 'The Works of John Locke - 1823 - vol 03.djvu' ] = { cover = 7, year = '1823', author = 'John Locke', title = 'The Works of John Locke (Volume 3)', flag = 'United Kingdom', subject = 'Philosophy', status = { initial = 'not proofread', }           },            [ 'Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, Volume 1 (2nd edition).djvu' ] = { cover = 7, year = '1833', author = 'Various', title = 'Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London (Volume 1)', flag = 'United Kingdom', subject = {'Geography', "Scientific journals"}, status = { initial = 'tofix', }           },			["An American Tragedy Vol 1.pdf"] = { year = 1925, cover = 9, title = "An American Tragedy (Volume 1)", author = "Theodore Dreiser", flag = "USA", subject = {"Fiction"}, status = { initial = "not proofread" }           },            ["Romance of the Three Kingdoms - tr. Brewitt-Taylor - Volume 1.djvu"] = { year = 1925, cover = 13, title = "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", author = "Luo Guanzhong", flag = "China", subject = {"Novels", "Requested texts"}, status = { initial = "not proofread" }           },            ["Laboratory Manual of the Anatomy of the Rat (Hunt 1924).djvu"] = { year = 1924, cover = 7, title = "Laboratory Manual of the Anatomy of the Rat", author = "Harrison R. Hunt", flag = "United States", subject = {"Biology"}, status = { initial = "not proofread", final = "proofread" }           },            ["The Necromancer, or, The Tale of the Black Forest Vol. 1.djvu"] = { year = 1794, cover = 7, title = "The Necromancer, Or, the Tale of the Black Forest (volume 1)", author = "Karl Friedrich Kahlert", flag = "Germany", subject = {"Requested texts"}, status = { initial = "proofread", }           },            ["Seven Great American Poets - Hart - 1901.djvu"] = { year = 1901, cover = 7, title = "Seven Great American Poets", author = "Beatrice Hart Slaight", flag = "United States", subject = {"Requested texts", "Poetry"}, status = { initial = "not proofread" }           },            ["The Music of the Spheres.djvu"] = { year = 1926, cover = 3, title = "The Music of the Spheres", author = "Beatrice Hart Slaight", flag = "United States", subject = {"Celebrating the Public Domain", "Astronomy"}, status = { initial = "not proofread" }           },            ["Laws (vol 1 of 2) (Bury, 1926).pdf"] = { year = 1926, cover = 11, title = "Laws (volume 1)", author = "Plato", flag = "Greece", subject = {"Celebrating the Public Domain", "Classics"}, status = { initial = "not proofread" }           },            ["The-Gathas.pdf"] = { year = 1900, cover = 3, title = "The Gâthas", author = "Zoroaster", flag = "Germany", subject = {"Religion"}, status = { initial = "not proofread" }           },		-- giving a few an extension ["Brinkley - Japan - Volume 8.djvu"] = { year = 1902, cover = 15, title = "Japan: Its History, Arts and Literature (Volume 8)", author = "Francis Brinkley", flag = "Japan", subject = {"Japanese Culture"}, status = { initial = "not proofread", final = "proofread" }           },			[ 'Seventh Report - Guns for gold- the Wagner Network exposed.pdf' ] = { year = 2023, flag = 'United Kingdom', author = 'House of Commons', title = 'Guns for gold - the Wagner Network exposed', subject = { 'Current affairs', "PMC Wagner Group"}, cover = 1, status = { initial= 'not proofread', final = "proofread" }			},

["The Philippine Islands, 1493-1803 (Volume 09).pdf"] = { year = 1903, flag = "Philippines", page = "Portal:The Philippine Islands, 1493-1803", author = "Emma Helen Blair", title = "The Philippine Islands, 1493-1803 (Volume 9)", subject = "Western Colonialism", cover = 7, status = { initial = "not proofread" }           },            ["Vivian Grey, Volume 1.djvu"] = { year = 1826, cover = 7, title = "Vivian Grey (vol 1)", author = "Benjamin Disraeli", flag = "United Kingdom", subject = {"Novels"}, status = { initial = "not proofread", final = "proofread" }           },

['Travels in West Africa, Congo Français, Corisco and Cameroons (IA travelsinwestafr00kingrich).pdf' ] = { year = 1890, title = 'Travels in West Africa', author = {"Mary Henrietta Kingsley", "Albert Charles Lewis Gotthilf Günther", "William Forsell Kirby"}, flag = 'UK', cover = 9, subject = { 'Travelogue', 'Africa' }, status = { initial = 'not proofread', final = "proofread" }           },

['Baum - The Wonderful Wizard of Oz.djvu' ] = { year = 1900, title = 'The Wonderful Wizard of Oz', author = {"Lyman Frank Baum"}, flag = 'US', cover = 9, subject = { 'Images', 'Children\'s' }, status = { initial = 'tofix', }           },		},	}, }

title: Module:Monthly Challenge/data/2023-12


text: Wikisource:Community collaboration/Monthly Challenge/December 2023


text:
Module:Monthly Challenge category stats/data/2023-12

--[=[ Automatically generated data for indexes in Community collaboration/Monthly Challenge/December 2023 ]=] return { total = { count = 29178, q0 = 1331, q1 = 2348, q2 = 135, q3 = 10281, q4 = 2552, },	indexes = { ["The New Yorker 0001 1925-02-21.pdf"] = { count = 36, q0 = 0, q1 = 2, q2 = 0, q3 = 3, q4 = 31, },		["The Atlantic Monthly Volume 1.djvu"] = { count = 902, q0 = 8, q1 = 0, q2 = 1, q3 = 446, q4 = 99, },		["The Economist 1843-08- Vol 1 Preliminary Number (IA sim economist 1843-08 1 preliminary-number).pdf"] = { count = 16, q0 = 1, q1 = 6, q2 = 0, q3 = 0, q4 = 0, },		["Nature - Volume 1.pdf"] = { count = 688, q0 = 12, q1 = 21, q2 = 1, q3 = 17, q4 = 4, },		["Philosophical Transactions - Volume 003.djvu"] = { count = 278, q0 = 0, q1 = 69, q2 = 2, q3 = 187, q4 = 20, },		["The National geographic magazine, volume 1.djvu"] = { count = 432, q0 = 72, q1 = 1, q2 = 0, q3 = 7, q4 = 4, },		["Brinkley - China - Volume 1.djvu"] = { count = 470, q0 = 26, q1 = 0, q2 = 9, q3 = 6, q4 = 1, },		["CTRL0000034608 - Deposition of John Eastman, (Dec. 9, 2021).pdf"] = { count = 48, q0 = 0, q1 = 0, q2 = 0, q3 = 7, q4 = 0, },		["The Grey Fairy Book.djvu"] = { count = 406, q0 = 39, q1 = 0, q2 = 0, q3 = 0, q4 = 195, },		["Ten Days in a Mad-House (1887).djvu"] = { count = 130, q0 = 2, q1 = 0, q2 = 0, q3 = 60, q4 = 60, },		["Origins-of-COVID-19-20230623.pdf"] = { count = 10, q0 = 0, q1 = 0, q2 = 0, q3 = 0, q4 = 10, },		["The Works of H G Wells Volume 10.pdf"] = { count = 750, q0 = 19, q1 = 1, q2 = 1, q3 = 21, q4 = 11, },		["The Count of Monte-Cristo (1887 Volume 3).djvu"] = { count = 362, q0 = 30, q1 = 0, q2 = 0, q3 = 315, q4 = 17, },		["The Count of Monte-Cristo (1887 Volume 4).djvu"] = { count = 306, q0 = 27, q1 = 199, q2 = 0, q3 = 72, q4 = 8, },		["Tristram.djvu"] = { count = 233, q0 = 25, q1 = 0, q2 = 0, q3 = 178, q4 = 30, },		["The return of the soldier (IA returnofsoldier00west2).pdf"] = { count = 206, q0 = 15, q1 = 0, q2 = 0, q3 = 134, q4 = 57, },		["The New Centurion - Eastwick - 1895.pdf"] = { count = 98, q0 = 7, q1 = 0, q2 = 0, q3 = 3, q4 = 0, },		["The Next Naval War - Eardley-Wilmot - 1894.djvu"] = { count = 86, q0 = 10, q1 = 0, q2 = 0, q3 = 66, q4 = 10, },		["Vivian Grey, Volume 2.djvu"] = { count = 252, q0 = 16, q1 = 0, q2 = 0, q3 = 15, q4 = 4, },		["The records of the Virginia company of London - Volume 1.djvu"] = { count = 666, q0 = 22, q1 = 0, q2 = 0, q3 = 9, q4 = 0, },		["Horrid Mysteries Volume 3.djvu"] = { count = 242, q0 = 9, q1 = 0, q2 = 0, q3 = 0, q4 = 0, },		["Harmonium - Wallace Stevens.djvu"] = { count = 140, q0 = 7, q1 = 0, q2 = 0, q3 = 0, q4 = 133, },		["The Celtic twilight. Men and women (IA celtictwilightme00yeat).pdf"] = { count = 228, q0 = 17, q1 = 0, q2 = 0, q3 = 55, q4 = 0, },		["Following the Equator (Mark Twain).djvu"] = { count = 726, q0 = 18, q1 = 24, q2 = 5, q3 = 25, q4 = 2, },		["The Black Moth.pdf"] = { count = 344, q0 = 12, q1 = 1, q2 = 0, q3 = 74, q4 = 6, },		["Illustrations of the history of medieval thought and learning.djvu"] = { count = 350, q0 = 12, q1 = 271, q2 = 2, q3 = 64, q4 = 1, },		["Unclos e.djvu"] = { count = 202, q0 = 0, q1 = 0, q2 = 0, q3 = 56, q4 = 2, },		["A chambermaid's diary.djvu"] = { count = 470, q0 = 13, q1 = 169, q2 = 0, q3 = 168, q4 = 120, },		["A history of Hungarian literature.djvu"] = { count = 312, q0 = 12, q1 = 188, q2 = 0, q3 = 37, q4 = 75, },		["Henryk Sienkiewicz - Quo Vadis (1897 Curtin translation).djvu"] = { count = 562, q0 = 15, q1 = 3, q2 = 0, q3 = 55, q4 = 24, },		["J. Brett Blanton, Architect of the Capitol, Abused His Authority, Misused Government Property and Wasted Taxpayer Money, Among Other Substantiated Violations.pdf"] = { count = 10, q0 = 0, q1 = 0, q2 = 0, q3 = 0, q4 = 10, },		["ISC-China.pdf"] = { count = 222, q0 = 17, q1 = 0, q2 = 0, q3 = 118, q4 = 87, },		["History of Woman Suffrage Volume 4.djvu"] = { count = 1226, q0 = 24, q1 = 373, q2 = 0, q3 = 823, q4 = 6, },		["Works of Jules Verne - Parke - Vol 2.djvu"] = { count = 406, q0 = 27, q1 = 3, q2 = 0, q3 = 34, q4 = 11, },		["The life and opinions of Tristram Shandy (Volume 6).pdf"] = { count = 168, q0 = 11, q1 = 0, q2 = 0, q3 = 155, q4 = 2, },		["The life and opinions of Tristram Shandy (Volume 7).pdf"] = { count = 170, q0 = 8, q1 = 0, q2 = 0, q3 = 114, q4 = 0, },		["The Wreck of a World - Grove - 1890.djvu"] = { count = 180, q0 = 9, q1 = 8, q2 = 0, q3 = 105, q4 = 58, },		["The Bard of the Dales.djvu"] = { count = 188, q0 = 8, q1 = 0, q2 = 0, q3 = 0, q4 = 0, },		["Treaty of Peace - Versailles (1919) Ottawa.djvu"] = { count = 172, q0 = 3, q1 = 0, q2 = 0, q3 = 156, q4 = 13, },		["Mosquitos (Faulkner).pdf"] = { count = 360, q0 = 8, q1 = 3, q2 = 1, q3 = 8, q4 = 9, },		["Religion and the rise of capitalism.pdf"] = { count = 368, q0 = 23, q1 = 0, q2 = 0, q3 = 1, q4 = 0, },		["The Moon Maid.pdf"] = { count = 442, q0 = 12, q1 = 1, q2 = 0, q3 = 28, q4 = 2, },		["The Painted Veil - Maugham - 1925.djvu"] = { count = 296, q0 = 9, q1 = 0, q2 = 0, q3 = 0, q4 = 9, },		["The lay of the Nibelungs; (IA nibelungslay00hortrich).pdf"] = { count = 526, q0 = 12, q1 = 0, q2 = 0, q3 = 466, q4 = 21, },		["The Count of Monte-Cristo (1887 Volume 1).djvu"] = { count = 360, q0 = 35, q1 = 0, q2 = 0, q3 = 133, q4 = 192, },		["The Count of Monte-Cristo (1887 Volume 2).djvu"] = { count = 366, q0 = 33, q1 = 0, q2 = 0, q3 = 311, q4 = 22, },		["Little Lord Fauntleroy.djvu"] = { count = 248, q0 = 26, q1 = 1, q2 = 0, q3 = 48, q4 = 96, },		["Chapters on Jewish literature (IA chaptersonjewish00abra).pdf"] = { count = 296, q0 = 18, q1 = 0, q2 = 0, q3 = 197, q4 = 20, },		["The Innocents Abroad (1869).djvu"] = { count = 706, q0 = 35, q1 = 18, q2 = 1, q3 = 391, q4 = 26, },		["Principlesofpoli00malt.djvu"] = { count = 514, q0 = 15, q1 = 47, q2 = 1, q3 = 69, q4 = 5, },		["Rudyard Kipling's verse - Inclusive Edition 1885-1918.djvu"] = { count = 808, q0 = 11, q1 = 290, q2 = 0, q3 = 420, q4 = 87, },		["The life of Charlotte Brontë (IA lifeofcharlotteb01gaskrich).pdf"] = { count = 380, q0 = 20, q1 = 2, q2 = 0, q3 = 96, q4 = 9, },		["The last of the Mohicans (1826 Volume 3).djvu"] = { count = 304, q0 = 7, q1 = 0, q2 = 0, q3 = 35, q4 = 11, },		["Following darkness (IA followingdarknes00reid).pdf"] = { count = 340, q0 = 10, q1 = 0, q2 = 0, q3 = 52, q4 = 17, },		["Poems, chiefly lyrical.pdf"] = { count = 158, q0 = 1, q1 = 0, q2 = 0, q3 = 0, q4 = 157, },		["Lucian (IA lucianlucas00collrich).pdf"] = { count = 196, q0 = 14, q1 = 0, q2 = 0, q3 = 63, q4 = 34, },		["CTRL0000034605 - Transcribed Interview of Angela McCallum, (December 8, 2021).pdf"] = { count = 131, q0 = 0, q1 = 0, q2 = 0, q3 = 116, q4 = 15, },		["CTRL0000034607 - Deposition of Ali Alexander, (Dec. 9, 2021).pdf"] = { count = 236, q0 = 0, q1 = 0, q2 = 0, q3 = 230, q4 = 6, },		["The Works of H G Wells Volume 9.pdf"] = { count = 496, q0 = 34, q1 = 0, q2 = 0, q3 = 333, q4 = 129, },		["The Confessions of Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Aldus, 1903, v. 2.djvu"] = { count = 360, q0 = 31, q1 = 278, q2 = 0, q3 = 45, q4 = 4, },		["Dream Life - Mitchell - 1899? Altemus.djvu"] = { count = 340, q0 = 22, q1 = 27, q2 = 6, q3 = 33, q4 = 6, },		["A Wreath of Cloud.djvu"] = { count = 320, q0 = 14, q1 = 0, q2 = 0, q3 = 298, q4 = 9, },		["Awd Isaac - Castillo.djvu"] = { count = 206, q0 = 10, q1 = 4, q2 = 0, q3 = 9, q4 = 5, },		["Youth, a narrative, and two other stories.djvu"] = { count = 424, q0 = 14, q1 = 212, q2 = 0, q3 = 141, q4 = 26, },		["The letters of Martin Luther.djvu"] = { count = 528, q0 = 11, q1 = 53, q2 = 0, q3 = 287, q4 = 35, },		["The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa (1884).djvu"] = { count = 744, q0 = 16, q1 = 0, q2 = 3, q3 = 304, q4 = 16, },		["The Works of John Locke - 1823 - vol 03.djvu"] = { count = 404, q0 = 15, q1 = 21, q2 = 0, q3 = 19, q4 = 1, },		["Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, Volume 1 (2nd edition).djvu"] = { count = 294, q0 = 29, q1 = 17, q2 = 4, q3 = 186, q4 = 76, },		["An American Tragedy Vol 1.pdf"] = { count = 452, q0 = 18, q1 = 5, q2 = 0, q3 = 58, q4 = 11, },		["Romance of the Three Kingdoms - tr. 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Module:Monthly Challenge daily stats/data/2023-12

--[=[ Automatically generated daily data for indexes in Community collaboration/Monthly Challenge/December 2023 ]=] return { days = { [0] = {			count = 29178, q0 = 1140, q1 = 3087, q2 = 175, q3 = 8174, q4 = 1832, },		[1] = {			count = 29178, q0 = 1164, q1 = 3063, q2 = 174, q3 = 8245, q4 = 1846, },		[2] = {			count = 29178, q0 = 1168, q1 = 3012, q2 = 180, q3 = 8413, q4 = 1862, },		[3] = {			count = 29178, q0 = 1168, q1 = 3009, q2 = 179, q3 = 8437, q4 = 1900, },		[4] = {			count = 29178, q0 = 1186, q1 = 2996, q2 = 181, q3 = 8552, q4 = 1919, },		[5] = {			count = 29178, q0 = 1193, q1 = 2987, q2 = 181, q3 = 8643, q4 = 1924, },		[6] = {			count = 29178, q0 = 1208, q1 = 2967, q2 = 176, q3 = 8742, q4 = 1947, },		[7] = {			count = 29178, q0 = 1213, q1 = 2958, q2 = 181, q3 = 8817, q4 = 1967, },		[8] = {			count = 29178, q0 = 1217, q1 = 2910, q2 = 181, q3 = 8941, q4 = 1999, },		[9] = {			count = 29178, q0 = 1219, q1 = 2856, q2 = 181, q3 = 9031, q4 = 2036, },		[10] = {			count = 29178, q0 = 1238, q1 = 2780, q2 = 181, q3 = 9136, q4 = 2046, },		[11] = {			count = 29178, q0 = 1238, q1 = 2749, q2 = 182, q3 = 9215, q4 = 2057, },		[12] = {			count = 29178, q0 = 1253, q1 = 2728, q2 = 185, q3 = 9267, q4 = 2081, },		[13] = {			count = 29178, q0 = 1270, q1 = 2718, q2 = 182, q3 = 9314, q4 = 2096, },		[14] = {			count = 29178, q0 = 1286, q1 = 2672, q2 = 182, q3 = 9418, q4 = 2118, },		[15] = {			count = 29178, q0 = 1297, q1 = 2640, q2 = 176, q3 = 9465, q4 = 2153, },		[16] = {			count = 29178, q0 = 1297, q1 = 2606, q2 = 176, q3 = 9523, q4 = 2199, },		[17] = {			count = 29178, q0 = 1297, q1 = 2527, q2 = 175, q3 = 9668, q4 = 2220, },		[18] = {			count = 29178, q0 = 1299, q1 = 2479, q2 = 176, q3 = 9835, q4 = 2230, },		[19] = {			count = 29178, q0 = 1313, q1 = 2472, q2 = 173, q3 = 9847, q4 = 2262, },		[20] = {			count = 29178, q0 = 1313, q1 = 2457, q2 = 172, q3 = 9922, q4 = 2271, },		[21] = {			count = 29178, q0 = 1318, q1 = 2453, q2 = 168, q3 = 9970, q4 = 2285, },		[22] = {			count = 29178, q0 = 1324, q1 = 2372, q2 = 167, q3 = 10072, q4 = 2299, },		[23] = {			count = 29178, q0 = 1324, q1 = 2365, q2 = 172, q3 = 10067, q4 = 2348, },		[24] = {			count = 29178, q0 = 1324, q1 = 2365, q2 = 172, q3 = 10070, q4 = 2353, },		[25] = {			count = 29178, q0 = 1324, q1 = 2369, q2 = 160, q3 = 10074, q4 = 2372, },		[26] = {			count = 29178, q0 = 1327, q1 = 2374, q2 = 158, q3 = 10068, q4 = 2443, },		[27] = {			count = 29178, q0 = 1331, q1 = 2352, q2 = 163, q3 = 10117, q4 = 2448, },		[28] = {			count = 29178, q0 = 1331, q1 = 2353, q2 = 163, q3 = 10139, q4 = 2474, },		[29] = {			count = 29178, q0 = 1331, q1 = 2349, q2 = 142, q3 = 10193, q4 = 2511, },		[30] = {			count = 29178, q0 = 1331, q1 = 2348, q2 = 134, q3 = 10243, q4 = 2548, },		[31] = {			count = 29178, q0 = 1331, q1 = 2348, q2 = 135, q3 = 10281, q4 = 2552, },	}, }


text:
Page:Travels in West Africa, Congo Français, Corisco and Cameroons (IA travelsinwestafr00kingrich).pdf/146

 like note, and the ubiquitous Wu-tu-tu, the clock bird, so called from its regular habit of giving the cry, from which its native name comes, every two hours during the night, commencing at 4. and going off duty at 6

On my return home, I find Mr. Hudson is back from the Ogowé on the Mové, unaltered since '93, I am glad to say. He tells me good Dom Joachim de Sousa Coutinho e Chichorro is dead, and his wife Donna Anna, and her sister Donna Maria de Sousa Coutinho, my valued friends, have returned from Kabinda to Lisbon.

28th.—Go to west side of Libreville shell-hunting; after passing through the town, and in front of the mango-tree embowered mission station of the Espiritu Santo, the road runs along close to the sea, through a beautiful avenue of cocoa-palms. Then there is a bridge, and a little beyond this the road ends, and so I take to the sandy sea-shore for a mile or so.

The forest fringes the sand, rising in a wall of high trees, not mangroves; and here and there a stinking stream comes out from under them, and here and there are masses of shingle-formed conglomerate and stratified green-gray rock. Beyond Libreville there are several little clearings in the forest with a native town tucked into them, the inhabitants of which seem a happy and contented generation mainly devoted to fishing, and very civil. On my walk back I notice the people getting water from the stinking streams; small wonder the mortality is high in Libreville: this is usually attributed to the inhabitants "going it," but they might "go it" more than they do, without killing themselves if they left off drinking this essence of stinking slime.

29th.—Went to see Mrs. Gault and Dr. Nassau, who says the natives have a legend of a volcano about sixty miles from here.

30th.—Mrs. Gault asks me to go with her to a Bible meeting, held by a native woman. I assent, I go; Mrs. Sarah, the Biblewoman, is a very handsome, portly lady who speaks English very well. There are besides her, Mrs. Gault and myself, eight or nine native women, and two men. Hymns are sung in M'pongwe, one with a rousing chorus of "Gory


text:
Page:Treaty of Peace with Germany.djvu/5

July 10, 1919.—Referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations and ordered to be printed, with illustrations

WASHINGTON

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE

1919


text:
Page:Samuel Gompers - Out of Their Own Mouths (1921).djvu/95

 Rh these persons to whom the March Revolution at last opened the doors of their prisons, only to find the bars, after a brief period of liberty, again closed on them, this time, however, by your hands.

The prison regime to which our comrades have been subjected in the Yaroslav soviet house of detention has outdone the regime of the Tzarist central prison, and even during the walks of the prisoners for their airings they have been forbidden on pain of the severest penalties to exchange ordinary greetings with each other. Confined to damp, cold solitary cells, left for a long time already without necessary repairs, with broken-down heating, water and drainage systems, the prisoners have been deprived of sunshine, light and air, and compelled to live amidst filth and pestilential stench; and if some of them dared approach a window for a moment, the prison guards would open fire at the window, acting in accordance with instructions given them.

But if the outrages and brutalities, the denial of light and air, and the shooting at the windows only repeat and, perhaps, augment the methods used by the Tzarist jailkeepers, torture by hunger is a new invention of the "socialistic" prison regime.

The form of feeding the prisoners at Yaroslav falls even far below the rations officially acknowledged by you as hunger rations. The prisoners receive one pound of raw, half-baked bread, and soup with some beet leaves or herring bones for dinner, and three or four spoonfuls of gruel for supper. But then, this gruel is no longer given, and they are trying to make the dinner soup last for both dinner and supper. This is all the nourishment there is. Such is the regime of gradual death by starvation established by you for your prisoners.

You will perhaps point to the critical food situation all over soviet Russia, and you might say that the food committees are not in a position to allot from their supplies any more for the feeding of socialists languishing in communist prisons.


text:
Page:Travels in West Africa, Congo Français, Corisco and Cameroons (IA travelsinwestafr00kingrich).pdf/147

 we, gory we, pro pa reary gory we." This M'pongwe does not sound so musical as the Effik, Sarah gives an extempore prayer however, which is very beautiful in sound, and she intones it most tastefully. But I confess my mind is distracted by a malignant-looking pig which hovers round us as we kneel upon the sand. I well remember Captain being chivied by a pig in the confines of Die Grosse Colonie, and then there is the chance of ants and so on up one's ankles. Mrs. Gault gives an address which Sarah translates into M'pongwe, and then come more hymns, and the meeting closes, and the ladies settle down and have a quiet pipe and a chat. We then saunter off and visit native Christians' houses. Many houses here are built clumps round a square, but this form of arrangement seems only a survival, for I find there is no necessary relationship among the people living in the square as there is in Calabar: and so home.

31st.—Start out at 2.30 and walk through the grass country behind Baraka, and suddenly fall down into a strange place.

On sitting up after the shock consequent on an unpremeditated descent of some thirteen feet or so, I find myself in a wild place; before me are two cave-like cavities, with a rough wood seat in each; behind me another similar cavity or chamber; the space I am in is about three feet wide; to the left this is terminated by an earth wall; to the right it goes, as a path, down a cutting or trench which ends in dry grass.

No sign of human habitation. Are these sacrifice places, I wonder, or are they places where those Fans one hears so much about, come and secretly eat human flesh? Clearly they are not vestiges of an older civilisation. In fact, what in the world are they? I investigate and find they are nothing in the world more than markers' pits for a rifle range.

Disgust, followed by alarm, seizes me; those French authorities may take it into their heads to think I am making plans of their military works! Visions of incarceration flash before my yes, and I fly into more grass and ticks, going westwards until I pick up a path, and following this, find myself in a little village. In the centre of the street, see the strange arrow-


text:
Page:A Recitall of that which hath happened in the Kings Armie.pdf/18

 Before his departure from Mans, his Maieſtie was determined to take the Towne and Caſtle of Alanſon: and whileſt his Armie marched thether, vnder the conduct of the Lord Marſhall Byron, and of the Lord Baron Byron his ſonne Marſhall of the Campe, he thought good to make a ſmall voyage to Lauall, to the intent, by his preſence to comfort the Nobilitie and people of the Countrey, which were newly reduced vnto his obedience, and likewiſe to cauſe the Prince Dumbees to come thether whom his Maieſtie deſired to ſee.

He arriued at the ſaid Lauall the ix. day of December, and there came and met him a great way without the Towne, all the Eccleſiaſticall perſons, aſwell Chanons, as other religious perſons, with their ornaments, as they were accuſtomed to goe in Proceſſion: and hauing by the mouth of one of them made their ſubmiſsion, and proteſtation of their fidelitie and obedience, accompanied the King vntill he entred the Towne, ſinging alwaies Viue le Roy, in verie good muſicke. There came out likewiſe the Maieſtrates of the Towne, and met him: and the people cried each where with an inceſſaunt crye, Viue le Roy, whileſt that his Maieſtie paſſed thorough the Towne.

He abode there eight or tenne dayes, and the afore ſayd Prince Dumbees arriued with a great Companie of the Nobilitie of Britaine, to whome it was great honour to be knowen vnto his Maieſtie, and he was moſt courteouſly receiued.

Certaine of his Troupe departing from the Companie, tooke in their waye comming the Caſtle of


text:
Page:Samuel Gompers - Out of Their Own Mouths (1921).djvu/96

 70 But it is not for the food shortage of soviet Russia that the Yaroslav hunger torture can be explained away. Were that the case, the organs of your political police would not interfere with the food assistance that we are willing to render the prisoners from the outside. At the cost of tremendous efforts and immense sacrifices the relatives of the prisoners have organized food assistance to be sent to the prison. But permission for these gifts has been hedged in by the special section of your extraordinary commission with all kinds of conditions which made it impossible during two months to send more than two relief shipments. An attempt was made to supply the prisoners with money, so as to enable them to order some products permitted in the open market, but the prison authorities accepted only a certain amount which they deemed proper to confiscate right there and then in payment of the damage caused to the prison department ostensibly by the demonstration of the prisoners at the Butyrski prison. (Although it was proved that none of these prisoners had participated in that outbreak at the Moscow prison.)

Under these circumstances all efforts to fight the hunger torture have proved futile.

Now, what is your object in this?

Do not excuse yourself by claiming ignorance. You know, you can not help knowing, what is going on, to the glory of your name, in Yaroslav. It has been discussed with the president of the council of people's commissaries, Lenin himself, with the chairman of the central executive committee, Kalinin, and with many others of you.

By the hands of your henchmen, in your communistic torture-chamber of the Yaroslav central prison, you want to finish secretly and unobserved that which the Tzarist jailers did not manage to complete: in the tortures of death by starvation you want to kill these old champions of socialism and the revolution!


text:
Page:Travels in West Africa, Congo Français, Corisco and Cameroons (IA travelsinwestafr00kingrich).pdf/148

 head-shaped board mounted on a rough easel and alongside it a bundle of stakes, the whole affair clearly connected with making palm oil, and identical with the contrivance I saw in the far-away Fan village on Sunday morning.

Investigate, find the boiled palm nuts are put into a pineapple fibre bag, which is hung on the board, then stakes are wedged in between the uprights of the easel, so as to squeeze the bag, one stake after another being put in to increase the pressure. The oil runs out, and off the point of the arrow-shaped board into a receptacle placed to receive it.

The next object of interest is a piece of paper stuck on a stick at the further end of the villages. The inscription is of interest though evidently recent. Find it is "No thoroughfare." There is a bamboo gateway at this end, and so I go through it and find myself to my surprise on the Woermann farm road, and down this I go, butterfly hunting. Presently I observe an old gentleman with a bundle of bamboos watching me intently. Not knowing the natives of this country yet, I feel anxious, and he, in a few minutes without taking his eyes off me, crouches in the grass. I remember my great tutor Captain Boler of Bonny's maxim: "Be afraid of an African if you can't help it, but never show it anyhow," so I walk on intending to pass him with a propitiatory M'bolo. As I get abreast of him he hisses out "Look him;" he's evidently got something in the grass; Heaven send it's not a snake, but I "look him,"—a lizard! The good soul understood collecting, and meant well from the first. I give him tobacco and a selection of amiable observations, and he beams and we go on down the road together, discussing the proper time to burn grass, and the differences in the practical value, for building purposes, of the two kinds of bamboo. Then coming to a path that runs evidently in the direction of the Plateau at Libreville, and thinking it's time I was tacking homewards, I say "good bye" to my companion, and turn down the path. "You sabe 'em road?" says he in a very questioning voice: I say "yes airily, and keep on down it.

The path goes on through grass, and then makes for a hollow—wish it didn't, for hollows are horrid at times, and


text:
Page:A Recitall of that which hath happened in the Kings Armie.pdf/19

 ChaſteubriantChaſteaubriant [sic], and brought with them the Captaine and manie others priſoners.

His Maieſtie hauing ſpent certaine dayes with the Prince Dumbees, and taking order for the affaires of that Prouince, he ſent him againe to his charge; and diſpatched Mounſieur Marſhall D’aumount, for to gather his ſtrange Forces together. And the King came from Lauall vnto the Towne of Maienna-la-Iabes, where he was verie well receiued, and aſſured himſelfe of the Caſtle, without leauing anie other Garriſon in the Towne. Hee arriued at Alanſon the three and twentieth daye, hauing paſſed a moſt foule Countrey.

And as concerning my Lord Marſhall Byron, who departed with the Armie from the Towne of Mans the ninth day of the ſaid moneth of December, hee could not arriue at Alanſon till the fifteenth daye following, by reason of the foule waie, which hindred the carriage of the Ordinaunce: and hauing cauſed the Towne to be inuironed certaine dayes before by the Lord of Artray, who at his firſt comming tooke the Suburbes, and droue them of the Towne afterward to come to compoſition, and yeeld, Captaine Lago (which was Gouernour) retiring himſelfe into the Caſtle with foure hundred and fiftie Souldiers, making ſhewe that he woudl defend it; the place being verie good and ſtrong, inuironed with water, good walls, good flankes, and great Towers.

The ſaide Lord Marſhall beeing entered into the Towne, kept ſo good order in it, that it was not ſeen that it had been beſieged, the ſhops beeing kept open the ſame daye, as if it had been in peace.


text:
Page:Samuel Gompers - Out of Their Own Mouths (1921).djvu/97

 Rh What is the cause of all these persecutions? The answer is simple: the continued strength and popularity of the Social-Democratic Party and labor unionists in the cities and of the Social Revolutionary Party of the country. At a recent conference in Moscow, the Soviets' leading authority, Rykov, according to the Krasnaya Gazeta, made the following declaration:

The Social-Democrats elected a majority in the Soviets in many parts of the country and recently secured two-thirds in certain elections in Petrograd. It was this that led Lenin to an even stronger expression than Rykov, when (early in this month of February), he declared, in the Petrograd Pravda, that "the fight between the labor unionists and the Soviets for supremacy will break up the bolshevist state system unless a settlement is soon reached." The offense of the labor unionists is very clear. They are fundamentally opposed to the so-called government set up by Lenin and his handful of associate dictators. Lenin declares, "they are out for material benefit for themselves at the expense of the general welfare of the communist state." Lenin is the sole interpreter of the welfare of this "proletarian" state; the organized proletariat has no voice.