text:
Page:Following the Equator (Mark Twain).djvu/645

Rh It occurred at 3 P. M.; at 6. £65,000 had been subscribed. When this passenger left, £35,000 had been voted by city and state governments and £100,000 by citizens and business corporations. When news of the disaster was telephoned to the Exchange £35,000 were subscribed in the first five minutes. Subscribing was still going on when he left; the papers had ceased the names, only the amounts—too many names; not enough room. £100,000 subscribed by companies and citizens; if this is true, it must be what they call in Australia "a record"—the biggest instance of a spontaneous outpour for charity in history, considering the size of the population it was drawn from, $8 or $10 for each white resident, babies at the breast included.

Monday, May 4. Steaming slowly in the stupendous Delagoa Bay, its dim arms stretching far away and disappearing on both sides. It could furnish plenty of room for all the ships in the world, but it is shoal. The lead has given us 3$1⁄2$ fathoms several times and we are drawing that, lacking 6 inches.

A bold headland—precipitous wall, 150 feet high, very strong, red color, stretching a mile or so. A man said it was Portuguese blood—battle fought here with the natives last year. I think this doubtful. Pretty cluster of houses on the tableland above the red—and rolling stretches of grass and groups of trees, like England.

The Portuguese have the railroad (one passenger train a day) to the border—70 miles—70 miles then the Netherlands Company have it. Thousands of tons of freight on the shore—no cover. This is Portuguese all over—indolence, piousness, poverty, impotence.

Crews of small boats and tugs, all jet black woolly heads and very muscular.

Winter. The South African winter is just beginning now,


text:
Page:Following the Equator (Mark Twain).djvu/647

Rh The Second Class Passenger came over as usual at "lights out" (11) and we lounged along the spacious vague solitudes of the deck and smoked the peaceful pipe and talked. He told me an incident in Mr. Barnum's life which was evidently characteristic of that great showman in several ways:

This was Barnum's purchase of Shakespeare's birthplace, a quarter of a century ago. The Second Class Passenger was in Jamrach's employ at the time and knew Barnum well. He said the thing began in this way. One morning Barnum and Jamrach were in Jamrach's little private snuggery back of the wilderness of caged monkeys and snakes and other commonplaces of Jamrach's stock in trade, refreshing themselves after an arduous stroke of business, Jamrach with something orthodox, Barnum with something heterodox–for Barnum was a teetotaler. The stroke of business was in the elephant line. Jamrach had contracted to deliver to Barnum in New York 18 elephants for $360,000 in time for the next season's opening. Then it occurred to Mr. Barnum that he needed a "card." He suggested Jumbo. Jamrach said he would have to think of something else–Jumbo couldn't be had; the Zoo wouldn't part with that elephant. Barnum said he was willing to pay a fortune for Jumbo if he could get him. Jamrach said it was no use to think about it; that Jumbo was as popular as the Prince of Wales and the Zoo wouldn't dare to sell him; all England would be outraged at the idea; Jumbo was an English institution; he was part of the national glory; one might as well think of buying the Nelson monument. Barnum spoke up with vivacity and said–

"It's a first-rate idea. I'll buy the Monument."

Jamrach was speechless for a second.Then he said, like one ashamed–

"You caught me. I was napping. For a moment I thought you were in earnest."

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
Page:Following the Equator (Mark Twain).djvu/649

Rh was falling gradually to ruin through neglect; that the room where the poet first saw the light was now serving as a butcher's shop; that all appeals to England to contribute money (the requisite sum stated) to buy and repair the house and place it in the care of salaried and trustworthy keepers had fallen resultless. Then Barnum said—

"There's my chance. Let Jumbo and the Monument alone for the present—they'll keep. I'll buy Shakespeare's house. I'll set it up in my Museum in New York and put a glass case around it and make a sacred thing of it; and you'll see all America flock there to worship; yes, and pilgrims from the whole earth; and I'll make them take their hats off, too. In America we know how to value anything that Shakespeare's touch has made holy. You'll see."

In conclusion the S. C. P. said:

"That is the way the thing came about. Barnum did buy Shakespeare's house. He paid the price asked, and received the properly attested documents of sale. Then there was an explosion, I can tell you. England rose! What, the birthplace of the master-genius of all the ages and all the climes—that priceless possession of Britain—to be carted out of the country like so much old lumber and set up for sixpenny desecration in a Yankee show-shop—the idea was not to be tolerated for a moment. England rose in her indignation, and Barnum was glad to relinquish his prize and offer apologies. However, he stood out for a compromise; he claimed a concession—England must let him have Jumbo. And England consented, but not cheerfully."

It shows how, by help of time, a story can grow—even after Barnum has had the first innings in the telling of it. Mr. Barnum told me the story himself, years ago. He said that the permission to buy Jumbo was not a concession; the


text:
Page:Following the Equator (Mark Twain).djvu/651

Rh dians of the relic had ever stirred England before, and protests came flowing in–and money, too, to stop the outrage. Offers of re-purchase were made–offers of double the money that Mr. Barnum had paid for the house. He handed the house back, but took only the sum which it had cost him—but on the condition that an endowment sufficient for the future safeguarding and maintenance of the sacred relic should be raised. This condition was fulfilled.

That was Barnum's account of the episode; and to the end of his days he claimed with pride and satisfaction that not England, but America–represented by him–saved the birthplace of Shakespeare from destruction.

At 3, May 6th, the ship slowed down, off the land, and thoughtfully and cautiously picked her way into the snug harbor of Durban, South Africa.


text:
Page:Following the Equator (Mark Twain).djvu/653

Rh The chameleon in the hotel court. He is fat and indolent and contemplative; but is business-like and capable when a fly comes about–reaches out a tongue like a teaspoon and takes him in. He gums his tongue first. He is always pious, in his looks. And pious and thankful both, when Providence or one of us sends him a fly. He has a froggy head, and a back like a new grave–for shape; and hands like a bird's toes that have been frostbitten. But his eyes are his exhibition feature. A couplen of skinny cones project from the sides of his head, with a wee shiny bead of an eye set in the apex of each; and these cones turn bodily like pivot-guns and point every-which-way, and they are independent of each other; each has its own exclusive machinery. When I am behind him and C. in front of him, he whirls one eye rearwards and the other forwards–which gives him a most Congressional expression (one eye on the constituency and one on the swag); and then if something happens above and below him he shoots out one eye upward like a telescope and the other downward—and this changes his expression, but does not improve it.

Natives must not be out after the curfew bell without a pass. In Natal there are ten blacks to one white.

Sturdy plump creatures are the women. They comb their wool up to a peak and keep it in position by stiffening it with


text:
Page:Following the Equator (Mark Twain).djvu/655

Rh Island pines lifting their fronded arms skyward. Groups of tall bamboo.

Saw one bird. Not many birds here, and they have no music—and the flowers not much smell, they grow so fast.

Everything neat and trim and clean like the town. The loveliest trees and the greatest variety I have ever seen anywhere, except approaching Darjeeling. Have not heard anyone call Natal the garden of South Africa, but that is what it probably is.

It was when Bishop of Natal that Colenso raised such a storm in the religious world. The concerns of religion are a vital matter here yet. A vigilant eye is kept upon Sunday. Museums and other dangerous resorts are not allowed to be open. You may sail on the Bay, but it is wicked to play cricket. For a while a Sunday concert was tolerated, upon condition that it must be admission free and the money taken by collection. But the collection was alarmingly large and that stopped the matter. They are particular about babies. A clergyman would not bury a child according to the sacred rites because it had not been baptized. The Hindoo is more liberal. He burns no child under three, holding that it does not need purifying.

The King of the Zulus, a fine fellow of 30, was banished six years ago for a term of seven years. He is occupying Napoleon's old stand—St. Helena. The people are a little nervous about having him come back, and they may well be, for Zulu kings have been terrible people sometimes—like Tchaka, Dingaan, and Cetewayo.

There is a large Trappist monastery two hours from Durban, over the country roads, and in company with Mr. Milligan and Mr. Hunter, general manager of the Natal government railways, who knew the heads of it, we went out to see it.

There it all was, just as one reads about it in books and


text:
Page:Following the Equator (Mark Twain).djvu/627

Rh about the country himself; the stranger is not asked to help. You get all sorts of information. From one citizen you gather the idea that Mauritius was made first, and then heaven; and that heaven was copied after Mauritius. Another one tells you that this is an exaggeration; that the two chief villages, Port Louis and Curepipe, fall short of heavenly perfection; that nobody lives in Port Louis except upon compulsion, and that Curepipe is the wettest and rainiest place in the world. An English citizen said:

"In the early part of this century Mauritius was used by the French as a basis from which to operate against England's Indian merchantmen; so England captured the island and also the neighbor, Bourbon, to stop that annoyance. England gave Bourbon back; the government in London did not want any more possessions 'in the West Indies.' If the government had had a better quality of geography in stock it would not have wasted Bourbon in that foolish way. A big war will temporarily shut up the Suez Canal some day and the English ships will have to go to India around the Cape of Good Hope again; then England will have to have Bourbon and will take it.

"Mauritius was a crown colony until 20 years ago, with a governor appointed by the Crown and assisted by a Council appointed by himself; but Pope Hennessey came out as Governor then, and he worked hard to get a part of the council made elective, and succeeded. So now the whole council is French, and in all ordinary matters of legislation they vote together and in the French interest, not the English.


text:
Page:Following the Equator (Mark Twain).djvu/629

Rh wastes of the Indian Ocean? Oh, Madagascar. They discuss Madagascar and France. That is the bulk. Then they chock up the rest with advice to the Government. Also, slurs upon the English administration. The papers are all owned and edited by creoles–French.

"The language of the country is French. Everybody speaks it–has to. You have to know French–particularly mongrel French, the patois spoken by Tom, Dick, and Harry of the multiform complexions–or you can't get along.

"This was a flourishing country in former days, for it made then and still makes the best sugar in the world; but first, the Suez Canal severed it from the world and left it out in the cold, beetroot sugar, helped by bounties, captured the European markets. Sugar is the life of Mauritius, and it is losing its grip. Its downward course was checked by the depreciation of the rupee–for the planter pays wages in rupees but sells his crop for gold–and the insurrection in Cuba and paralyzation of the sugar industry there have given our prices here a life-saving lift; but the outlook has nothing permanently favorable about it. It takes a year to mature the canes–on the high ground three and six months longer–and there is always a chance that the annual cyclone will rip the profit out of the crop. In recent times a cyclone took the whole crop, as you may say; and the island never saw a finer one. Some of the noblest sugar estates in the island are in deep difficulties. A dozen of them are investments of English capital; and the companies that own them are at work now, trying to settle up and get out with a saving of half the money they put in. You know, in these days, when a country begins to introduce the tea culture, it means that its own specialty has gone back on it. Look at Bengal; look at Ceylon. Well, they've begun to introduce the tea culture, here.

"Many copies of Paul and Virginia are sold every year in Mauritius. No other book is so popular here except the Bible. By many it is supposed to be a part of the Bible. All the missionaries work up their French on it when they come here to pervert the Catholic mongrel. It is the greatest story that was ever written about Mauritius, and the only one."


text:
Page:Anthology of Japanese Literature.pdf/130

126 At last Koremitsu arrived. He prided himself on being always ready to carry out his master’s wishes immediately at whatever hour of the night or day, and he thought it very provoking of Genji to have sent for him just on the one occasion when he was not to hand. And now that he had come, his master did not seem able to give him any orders, but stood speechless in front of him.

Ukon, hearing Koremitsu’s voice, suddenly came to herself and remembering what had happened, burst into tears. And now Genji, who while he alone was there had supported and encouraged the weeping maidservant, relieved at last by Koremitsu, could contain himself no longer, and suddenly realizing again the terrible thing that had befallen him, he burst into uncontrollable weeping. “Something horrible has happened here,” he managed to say at last, “too dreadful to explain. I have heard that when such things as this suddenly befall, certain scriptures should be read. I would have this done, and prayers said. That is why I asked you to bring your brother….”

“He went up to the mountain yesterday,” said Koremitsu. “But I see that there has been terrible work here afoot. Was it in some sudden fit of madness that you did this thing?” Genji shook his head. So moved was Koremitsu at the sight of his master weeping that he too began to sob. Had he been an older man, versed in the ways of the world, he might have been of some use in such a crisis, but both of them were young and both were equally perplexed. At last Koremitsu said: “One thing at least is clear. The steward’s son must not know. For though he himself can be depended upon, he is the sort of person who is sure to tell all his relatives, and they might meddle disastrously in the affair. We had best get clear of this house as quietly as we can.” “Perhaps,” said Genji; “but it would be hard to find a less frequented place than this.” “At any rate,” Koremitsu continued, “we cannot take her to her own house; for there her gentlewomen, who loved her dearly, would raise such a weeping and wailing as would soon bring a pack of neighbors swarming around, and all would quickly be known. If only I knew of some mountain temple—for there such things are customary and pass


text:
Page:Following the Equator (Mark Twain).djvu/631

Rh

This daily paper has a meteorological report which tells you what the weather was day before yesterday.

One is never pestered by a beggar or a peddler in this town, so far as I can see. This is pleasantly different from India.

April 22. To such as believe that the quaint product called French civilization would be an improvement upon the civilization of New Guinea and the like, the snatching of Madagascar and the laying on of French civilization there will be fully justified. But why did the English allow the French to have Madagascar? Did she respect a theft of a couple of centuries ago? Dear me, robbery by European nations of each other's territories has never been a sin, is not a sin to-day. To the several cabinets the several political establishments of the world are clothes-lines; and a large part of the official duty of these cabinets is to keep an eye on each other's wash and grab what they can of it as opportunity offers. All the territorial possessions of all the political establishments in the earth—including America, of course—consist of pilferings from other people's wash. No tribe, howsoever insignificant, and no nation, howsoever mighty, occupies a foot of land that was not stolen. When the English, the French, and the Spaniards reached America, the Indian tribes had been raiding each other's territorial clothes-lines for ages, and every acre of ground in the continent had been stolen and re-stolen 500 times. The English, the French, and the Spaniards went to work and stole it all over again; and when that was satisfactorily accomplished they went diligently to work and stole it from each other. In Europe and Asia and Africa every acre


text:
Page:Following the Equator (Mark Twain).djvu/633

Rh form of a maxim: Get your formalities right—never mind about the moralities.

It was an impudent thing; but England had to put up with it. Now, in the case of Madagascar, the formalities had originally been observed, but by neglect they had fallen into desuetude ages ago. England should have snatched Madagascar from the French clothes-line. Without an effort she could have saved those harmless natives from the calamity of French civilization, and she did not do it. Now it is too late.

The signs of the times show plainly enough what is going to happen. All the savage lands in the world are going to be brought under subjection to the Christian governments of Europe. I am not sorry, but glad. This coming fate might have been a calamity to those savage peoples two hundred years ago; but now it will in some cases be a benefaction. The sooner the seizure is consummated, the better for the savages. The dreary and dragging ages of bloodshed and disorder and


text:
Page:Following the Equator (Mark Twain).djvu/635

Rh (70 pounds) all day lading ships, for half a rupee, and work at gardening all day for less.

The camaron is a fresh water creature like a cray-fish. It is regarded here as the world's chiefest delicacy—and certainly it is good. Guards patrol the streams to prevent poaching it. A fine of Rs. 200 or 300 (they say) for poaching. Bait is thrown in the water; the camaron goes for it; the fisher drops his loop in and works it around and about the camaron he has selected, till he gets it over its tail; then there's a jerk or something to certify the camaron that it is his turn now; he suddenly backs away, which moves the loop still further up his person and draws it taut, and his days are ended.

Another dish, called palmiste, is like raw turnip-shavings and tastes like green almonds; is very delicate and good. Costs the life of a palm tree 12 to 20 years old—for it is the pith.

Another dish—looks like greens or a tangle of fine sea-weed—is a preparation of the deadly nightshade. Good enough.

The monkeys live in the dense forests on the flanks of the toy mountains, and they flock down nights and raid the sugar-fields. Also on other estates they come down and destroy a sort of bean-crop—just for fun, apparently—tear off the pods and throw them down

The cyclone of 1892 tore down two great blocks of stone buildings in the center of Port Louis—the chief architectural feature—and left the uncomely and apparently frail blocks standing. Everywhere in its track it annihilated houses, tore off roofs, destroyed trees and crops. The men were in the towns, the women and children at home in the country getting crippled, killed, frightened to insanity; and the rain deluging them, the wind howling, the thunder crashing, the lightning glaring. This for an hour or so. Then a lull and sunshine;


text:
Page:Anthology of Japanese Literature.pdf/131

Rh almost unnoticed.” He paused and reflected. “There is a lady I once knew who has become a nun and now lives on the Higashi yama. She was my father’s wet nurse and is now very old and bent. She does not of course live alone; but no outside people come there.” A faint light was already showing in the sky when Koremitsu brought the carriage in. Thinking that Genji would not wish to move the body himself, he wrapped it in a rush-mat and carried it toward the carriage. How small she was to hold! Her face was calm and beautiful. He felt no repulsion. He could find no way to secure her hair, and when he began to carry her it overflowed and hung toward the ground. Genji saw, and his eyes darkened. A hideous anguish possessed him.

He tried to follow the body, but Koremitsu dissuaded him, saying, “You must ride back to your palace as quickly as you can; you have just time to get there before the stir begins,” and putting Ukon into the carriage, he gave Genji his horse. Then pulling up his silk trousers to the knee, he accompanied the carriage on foot. It was a very singular procession; but Koremitsu, seeing his master’s terrible distress, forgot for the moment his own dignity and walked stolidly on. Genji, hardly conscious of what went on around him, arrived at last in ghostly pallor at his house. “Where do you come from, my Lord?” “How ill you look….” Questions assailed him, but he hurried to his room and lay behind his curtain. He tried to calm himself, but hideous thoughts tormented him. Why had he not insisted upon going with her? What if after all she were not dead and waking up should find that he had thus abandoned her? While these wild thoughts chased through his brain, a terrible sensation of choking began to torment him. His head ached, his body seemed to be on fire. Indeed he felt so strange that he thought he too was about to die suddenly and inexplicably as she had done. The sun was now high, but he did not get up. His gentlemen, with murmurs of astonishment, tried every means to rouse him. He sent away the dainties they brought, and lay hour after hour plunged in the darkest thoughts. A messenger arrived from the Emperor: “His Majesty has been uneasy since yesterday when his envoys sought everywhere for Your Highness in vain.”


text:
Page:Memorials of a tour on the continent, 1820 (IA memorialsoftouro00word).pdf/113

Rh


text:
Page:Constitution of India (9 Sep 2020).pdf/28

 :(4) Nothing in sub-clause (c) of the said clause shall affect the operation of any existing law in so far as it imposes, or prevent the State from making any law imposing, in the interests of the sovereignty and integrity of India or public order or morality, reasonable restrictions on the exercise of the right conferred by the said sub-clause.
 * (5) Nothing in [sub-clauses (d) and (e)] of the said clause shall affect the operation of any existing law in so far as it imposes, or prevent the State from making any law imposing, reasonable restrictions on the exercise of any of the rights conferred by the said sub-clauses either in the interests of the general public or for the protection of the interests of any Scheduled Tribe.
 * (6) Nothing in sub-clause (g) of the said clause shall affect the operation of any existing law in so far as it imposes, or prevent the State from making any law imposing, in the interests of the general public, reasonable restrictions on the exercise of the right conferred by the said sub-clause, and, in particular, [nothing in the said sub-clause shall affect the operation of any existing law in so far as it relates to, or prevent the State from making any law relating to,—
 * (i) the professional or technical qualifications necessary for practising any profession or carrying on any occupation, trade or business, or
 * (ii) the carrying on by the State, or by a corporation owned or controlled by the State, of any trade, business, industry or service, whether to the exclusion, complete or partial, of citizens or otherwise].

20. Protection in respect of conviction for offences.—(1) No person shall be convicted of any offence except for violation of a law in force at the time of the commission of the Act charged as an offence, nor be subjected to a penalty greater than that which might have been inflicted under the law in force at the time of the commission of the offence.
 * (2) No person shall be prosecuted and punished for the same offence more than once.
 * (3) No person accused of any offence shall be compelled to be a witness against himself.

21. Protection of life and personal liberty.—No person shall be deprived of his life or personal liberty except according to procedure established by law.

['''21A. Right to education.'''—The State shall provide free and compulsory education to all children of the age of six to fourteen years in such manner as the State may, by law, determine.]

22. Protection against arrest and detention in certain cases.—(1) No person who is arrested shall be detained in custody without being informed, as soon as may be, of the grounds for such arrest nor shall he be denied the right to consult, and to be defended by, a legal practitioner of his choice.
 * (2) Every person who is arrested and detained in custody shall be produced before the nearest magistrate within a period of twenty-four hours of such arrest excluding the time necessary for the journey from the

place of arrest to the court of the magistrate and no such person shall be detained in custody beyond the said period without the authority of a magistrate.
 * (3) Nothing in clauses (1) and (2) shall apply—
 * (a) to any person who for the time being is an enemy alien; or
 * (b) to any person who is arrested or detained under any law providing for preventive detention.

(4) No law providing for preventive detention shall authorise the detention of a person for a longer period than three months unless—  On the commencement of s. 3 of the Constitution (Forty-fourth Amendment) Act, 1978, clause (4) of art. 22 shall stand amended as directed in s. 3 of that Act. For the text of that Act, see Appendix II. (date of enforcement yet to be notified).


text:
Page:Constitution of India (9 Sep 2020).pdf/29

 ::(a) an Advisory Board consisting of persons who are, or have been, or are qualified to be appointed as, Judges of a High Court has reported before the expiration of the said period of three months that there is in its opinion sufficient cause for such detention:

 * Provided that nothing in this sub-clause shall authorise the detention of any person beyond the maximum period prescribed by any law made by Parliament under sub-clause (b) of clause (7); or
 * (b) such person is detained in accordance with the provisions of any law made by Parliament under sub-clauses (a) and (b) of clause (7).

 * (5) When any person is detained in pursuance of an order made under any law providing for preventive detention, the authority making the order shall, as soon as may be, communicate to such person the grounds

on which the order has been made and shall afford him the earliest opportunity of making a representation against the order.
 * (6) Nothing in clause (5) shall require the authority making any such order as is referred to in that clause to disclose facts which such authority considers to be against the public interest to disclose.
 * (7) Parliament may by law prescribe—

 * * [(a) the circumstances under which, and the class or classes of cases in which, a person may be detained for a period longer than three months under any law providing for preventive detention without obtaining the opinion of an Advisory Board in accordance with the provisions of sub clause (a) of clause (4)];

 * ** (b) the maximum period for which any person may in any class or classes of cases be detained under any law providing for preventive detention; and

 * *** (c) the procedure to be followed by an Advisory Board in an inquiry under ****[sub-clause (a) of clause (4)].

23.Prohibition of traffic in human beings and forced labour.—(1) Traffic in human beings and begar and other similar forms of forced labour are prohibited and any contravention of this provision shall be an offence punishable in accordance with law.
 * (2) Nothing in this article shall prevent the State from imposing compulsory service for public purposes, and in imposing such service the State shall not make any discrimination on grounds only of religion, race, caste or class or any of them.

24. Prohibition of employment of children in factories, etc.—No child below the age of fourteen years shall be employed to work in any factory or mine or engaged in any other hazardous employment.

25. Freedom of conscience and free profession, practice and propagation of religion.—(1) Subject to public order, morality and health and to the other provisions of this Part, all persons are equally entitled to freedom of conscience and the right freely to profess, practise and propagate religion.
 * (2) Nothing in this article shall affect the operation of any existing law or prevent the State from making any law—
 * (a) regulating or restricting any economic, financial, political or other secular activity which may be associated with religious practice;

* Sub-clause (a) shall stand omitted by the Constitution (Forty-fourth Amendment) Act, 1978, s. 3. For the text of that Act, see Appendix-II (date of enforcement yet to be notified). ** Sub-clause (b) shall stand re-lettered as sub-clause (a) by ibid. For the text of that Act, see Appendix-II (date of enforcement yet to be notified). *** Sub-clause (c) shall stand re-lettered as sub-clause (b) by ibid. For the text of that Act, see Appendix-II (date of enforcement yet to be notified). **** The words, letters, figures and brackets shall stand substituted as “clause (4)” by ibid. For the text of that Act, see Appendix-II (date of enforcement yet to be notified).


text:
Page:The Pima Indians.pdf/47

42

Salt River. In the spring the Maricopas, Pimas, and Cocopas went on a campaign against the Apaches. They were scouting through the Verde valley west of the Four Peaks one afternoon when they saw a small band of the enemy. They were unable to overtake the Apaches, who kept sending up signal smokes. The next morning the number of Apaches had increased and formed a circular line, which attacked the allies, who lost two men, father and son.

Four days later a woman went with her daughter to gather cactus fruit for drying. She was accompanied by her husband, who went as a guard. While she was busy gathering the spiny cactus, she heard a step and, turning, saw an Apache. She screamed for help and told her daughter to run to the village and give the alarm. The husband was hunting near at hand, but was too far away to rescue his wife. The little girl brought the men of the village, but they could find no trace of the enemy.

A few days later the Apaches killed a party of Pimas who had gone to the mountains to gather mescal. The Pimas had planned to go to the Kwahadkʽ camp, but changed their minds and camped opposite them. The Apaches sent down scouts from the hills to see how many there were at the place where the smoke from the mescal pits was seen. It was a night attack and many Pimas never wakened to see another day; only one escaped to tell the Kwahadkʽs of the massacre. They followed the trail of the Apaches but did not overtake them. The dead were buried there by the Kwahadkʽs, who knew the Pimas well.

In the summer, when the watermelons were ripe, a large force of Yumas came to attack the Pimas and Maricopas. Their coming was heralded by messengers, who said they were advancing in great numbers as gaily as for a dance. The Maricopas were ready to meet them, but the Pimas were not. The Maricopas went out to engage the enemy and check their advance while the women got out of the way. The Yumas were driven back, but the Maricopas lost two of their bravest warriors.

Salt River. The next year the Yumas and Mohaves came to attack the Maricopa village. The fight was undecided, but the enemy retreated. One Pima and several Maricopas were killed.

Gila Crossing, Salt River. A plague swept through all the tribes during this year. Those stricken with it usually died within twenty-four hours, but if they recovered they were well again in three days. From 4 to 10 died each day. The people of Akûtcĭny came to the Gila and the Gila villagers fled into the desert. The [cholera or]

title: Page:The Pima Indians.pdf/47


text:
Page:William Muir, Thomas Hunter Weir - The Caliphate; Its Rise, Decline, and Fall (1915).djvu/291

 262 danger, and both sides again fought on equal terms. Feats of desperate bravery were displayed by both armies, and heavy was the carnage. On ʿAlī's side fell Hāshim, the hero of Al-Ḳādisīya. Of even greater moment was the death of ʿAmmār, now over ninety years, and one of the leading regicides. As he saw Hāshim fall, he exclaimed, "Paradise! how close thou art beneath the arrow's barb and falchion’s flash! O Hāshim! even now I see heaven opened, and black-eyed maidens bridally attired, clasping thee in their embrace!" So, singing, and refreshing himself with his favourite draught of milk and water, the aged warrior, fired with the ardour of youth, rushed into the enemy's ranks and met the envied fate. Moḥammad had once been heard to say to him:—"By a godless and rebellious race, O ʿAmmār, thou shalt one day be slain": in other words, that ʿAmmār would be killed fighting on the side of right. Thus his death, as it were, condemned the ranks against whom he fought, and spread dismay in Muʿāwiya's host. But ʿAmr answered readily: "And who is it that hath killed ʿAmmār, but ʿAlī and the 'rebellious race' that have brought him hither?" The clever repartee ran through the Syrian host, and did much to efface the evil omen.

The fighting this day was in real earnest; darkness failed to separate the combatants; and like Al-Ḳādisīya, that night was called a second Night of Clangour. The morning broke on the two armies still in conflict. With emptied quivers they fought hand to hand. Al-Ashtar, the regicide, resolved on victory at whatever cost, continued to push the attack with unflinching bravery and persistence. Muʿāwiya, disheartened, began to speak of a judicial combat with a champion on either side. "Then go forth thyself, and challenge ʿAlī," said ʿAmr. "Not so," answered Muʿāwiya, "I will not do that, for ʿAlī ever slayeth his man, and then thou shouldest succeed me." ʿAmr, indeed, well knew that this was not Muʿāwiya's line, who himself, like his antagonist, was now of an unwieldy mien. It was no time for continuing grim pleasantry like this; and so ʿAmr bethought him of a stratagem. "Raise the leaves of the Ḳorʾān," he cried; "if any refuse to abide thereby, it will sow discord amongst them; if they accept the hallowed symbol it will be a reprieve from cruel slaughter." Muʿāwiya caught at the


text:
Page:The Pima Indians.pdf/48

] tcoko vihâsĭk, "black vomit," as it was called, brought all the medicine-men not in the best repute under suspicion. Four were killed, and the surviving medicine-men were kept busy guarding the camps against the plague.

Gila Crossing. During the winter, when ice was on the water and snow was evenly sprinkled on the lowlands, the Apaches came to the village of Rsânûk, where one of the marauders was killed. The Apaches, accompanied by the Päsĭnâ tribe from the north, attacked the Papagos at Kihotoak (Quijotoa) in April as the mesquites were changing from bud to leaf. The Apaches advanced with drums beating and with cries like the howl of the coyote. The Papagos were few in number, so they concealed their women in a cave and sought to protect them by fighting outside, but the enemy had firearms and all the Papagos fell in the futile attempt to preserve their loved ones from slavery. There yet lives a Pima who was shot through the leg and left for dead on the field of this battle. Many Apaches were wounded but none were killed.

Gila Crossing. A party of Apaches was encamped on Mo‘hatûk mountain, and two of them came to steal corn from the fields at Gila Crossing. The theft was discovered and three Pimas lay in wait for the thieves. When they again entered the field those lying in wait sprang upon them and killed one; the other escaped.

Salt River. During the winter the Pimas went on a campaign against the Apaches, several of whom were killed. The attacks were made at night and the enemy were killed before they could defend themselves. One Pima was killed and one wounded so severely that he died after returning home.

In the spring the Apaches waylaid a party of Pimas who were returning from a mescal-gathering expedition in the mountains. Nearly all the party were killed and two girls were made prisoners. The Apaches were followed, most of them killed, and the girls rescued by a party from the villages.

Gila Crossing. Three Apaches were going toward the Papago village near Mââtcpät, or Table mountain, when a Pima, coming to the Gila river, crossed it and discovered their trail. A party went in pursuit and succeeded in killing all three. Kâʼmâl tkâk's brother was in this party of Pimas and was himself killed a few days later in an

title: Page:The Pima Indians.pdf/48


text:
Page:Anthology of Japanese Literature.pdf/132

128 The young lords too came from the Great Hall. He would see none of them but Tō no Chūjō, and even him he made stand outside his curtain while he spoke to him: “My foster mother has been very ill since the fifth month. She shaved her head and performed other penances, in consequence of which (or so it seems) she recovered a little and got up, but is very much enfeebled. She sent word that she desired to see me once more before she died, and as I was very fond of her when I was a child, I could not refuse. While I was there a servant in the house fell ill and died quite suddenly. Out of consideration for me they removed the body at nightfall. But as soon as I was told of what had happened, I remembered that the Fast of the Ninth Month was at hand and for this reason I have not thought it right to present myself to the Emperor my father. Moreover, since early morning I have had a cough and very bad headache, so you will forgive me for treating you in this way.”

“I will give the Emperor your message. But I must tell you that last night when you were out he sent messengers to look for you and seemed, if I may venture to say so, to be in a very ill humor.” Tō no Chūjō turned to go, but pausing a moment came back to Genji’s couch and said quietly: “What really happened to you last night? What you told me just now cannot possibly be true.” “You need not go into details,” answered Genji impatiently. “Simply tell him that unintentionally I became exposed to a pollution, and apologize to him for me as best you can.” He spoke sharply, but in his heart there was only an unspeakable sadness; and he was very tired.

All day he lay hidden from sight. Once he sent for Tō no Chūjō’s brother Kurodo no Ben and gave him a formal message for the Emperor. The same excuse would serve for the Great Hall, and he sent a similar message there and to other houses where he might be expected.

At dusk Koremitsu came. The story of Genji’s pollution had turned all visitors from the door, and Koremitsu found his palace utterly deserted. “What happened?” said Genji, summoning him; “you are sure that she is dead?” and holding his sleeve before his face he wept. “All is over; of that there is no doubt,” said Koremitsu,


text:
Page:William Muir, Thomas Hunter Weir - The Caliphate; Its Rise, Decline, and Fall (1915).djvu/292

 657] words. And so forthwith they fixed the sacred leaves on the points of their lances, and raising them aloft, called out along the line of battle: "The law of the Lord! the law of the Lord! Let that decide betwixt us!" No sooner heard, than the men of Al-Kūfa leapt forward, re-echoing the cry: "The law of the Lord, that shall decide between us!" As all were shouting thus with one accord, ʿAlī stepped forth and expostulated with them: "It is the device," he cried, "of evil men; afraid of defeat, they seek their end by guile, and cloak rebellion under love of the Word." It was all in vain. To every argument they answered (and the Readers loudest of all):—"We are called to the Book, and we cannot decline it," At last, in open mutiny, they threatened the unfortunate Caliph that, unless he agreed, they would desert him, drive him over to the enemy, or serve him as they had served ʿOthmān. Seeing opposition futile, ʿAlī said: "Stay wild and treasonable words. Obey and fight. But if ye will rebel, do as ye list." "We will not fight," they cried; "recall Al-Ashtar from the field." Al-Ashtar, thus summoned, at the first refused. "We are gaining a great victory," he said, "I will not come;" and he turned to fight again. But the tumult increased, and ʿAlī sent a second time to say:—"Of what avail is victory when treason rageth? Wouldst thou have the Caliph murdered, or delivered over to the enemy?" Al-Ashtar unwillingly returned, and a fierce altercation ensued between him and the angry soldiery. "Ye were fighting," he said, "but yesterday for the Lord, and the choicest among you lost their lives. What is it but that ye now acknowledge yourselves in the wrong, and the martyrs therefore gone to hell?" "Nay," they answered, "yesterday we fought for the Lord; and to-day, for the same Lord we stay the fight." On this Al-Ashtar upbraided them as "traitors, cowards, hypocrites, and villains." In return, they reviled him, and struck his charger with their whips. ʿAlī interposed. The tumult was stayed. And Al-Ashʿath, chief of the Beni Kinda, was sent to ask Muʿāwiya "what his meaning in raising the Ḳorʾān aloft might be." "It is this," he sent answer back, "that we should return, both you and we, to the will of the Lord, as set forth in the Book. Each side shall name an umpire, and their verdict shall be binding." ʿAlī's army shouted assent. The unfortunate Caliph was forced to the


text:
Page:Memorials of a tour on the continent, 1820 (IA memorialsoftouro00word).pdf/114

98


text:
Page:Anthology of Japanese Literature.pdf/133

Rh also in tears; and since it is not possible for them to keep the body long, I have arranged with a very respectable aged priest who is my friend that the ceremony shall take place tomorrow, since tomorrow chances to be a good calendar day.” “And what of her gentlewoman.?” asked Genji. “I fear she will not live,” said Koremitsu. She cries out that she must follow her mistress and this morning, had I not held her, she would have cast herself from a high rock. She threatened to tell the servants at my lady’s house, but I prevailed upon her to think the matter over quietly before she did this.” “Poor thing,” said Genji, “small wonder that she should be thus distracted. I too am feeling strangely disordered and do not know what will become of me.” “Torment yourself no more,” said Koremitsu. “All things happen as they must. Here is one who will handle this matter very prudently for you, and none shall be the wiser.” “Happen as they must. You are right,” said Genji, “and so I try to persuade myself. But in the pursuit of one’s own wanton pleasures to have done harm and to have caused someone’s death—that is a hideous crime; a terrible load of sin to bear with me through the world. Do not tell even your sister; much less your mother the nun, for I am ashamed that she should even know I have ever done that kind of thing.” “Do not fear,” answered Koremitsu. “Even to the priests, who must to a certain extent be let into the secret, I have told a long made-up tale,” and Genji felt a little easier in his mind.

The waiting-women of his palace were sorely puzzled: “First he says he has been defiled and cannot go to court, and now he sits whispering and sighing.” What could it all mean? “Again I beg you,” said Genji at last, “to see that everything is done as it should be.” He was thinking all the time of the elaborate court funerals which he had witnessed (he had, indeed, seen no others) and imagined Koremitsu directing a complicated succession of rituals. “I will do what can; it will be no such great matter,” he answered and turned to go. Suddenly Genji could bear no longer the thought that he should never see her again. “You will think it very foolish of me,” he said, “but I am coming with you. I shall ride on horseback.” “If your


text:
Page:Anthology of Japanese Literature.pdf/134

130 heart is set upon it,” said Koremitsu, “it is not for me to reason with you. Let us start soon, so that we may be back before the night is over.” So putting on the hunting dress and other garments in which he had disguised himself before, he left his room.

Already the most hideous anguish possessed him, and now, as he set out upon this strange journey, to the dark thoughts that filled his mind was added a dread lest his visit might rouse to some fresh fury the mysterious power which had destroyed her. Should he go? He hesitated; but though he knew that this way lay no cure for his sadness, yet if he did not see her now, never again perhaps in any life to come would he meet the face and form that he had loved so well. So with Koremitsu and the one same groom to bear him company he set out upon the road.

The way seemed endless. The moon of the seventeenth night had risen and lit up the whole space of the Kamo plain, and in the light of the outrunners’ torches the countryside toward Toribeno now came dimly into sight. But Genji in his sickness and despair saw none of this, and suddenly waking from the stupor into which he had fallen found that they had arrived.

The nun’s cell was in a chapel built against the wall of a wooden house. It was a desolate spot, but the chapel itself was very beautiful. The light of the visitors’ torches flickered through the open door. In the inner room there was no sound but that of a woman weeping by herself; in the outer room were several priests talking together (or was it praying?) in hushed voices. In the neighboring temples vespers were over and there was absolute stillness; only toward the Kiyomizu were lights visible and many figures seemed to throng the hillside.

A senior priest, son of the aged nun, now began to recite the Scriptures in an impressive voice, and Genji as he listened felt the tears come into his eyes. He went in. Ukon was lying behind a screen; when she heard him enter, she turned the lamp to the wall. What terrible thing was she trying to hide from him? But when he came nearer he saw to his joy that the dead lady was not changed in any way whatsoever, but lay there very calm and beautiful; and


text:
Page:William Muir, Thomas Hunter Weir - The Caliphate; Its Rise, Decline, and Fall (1915).djvu/293

 264 still deeper humiliation of appointing as his arbiter one who had deserted him. The soldiery cried out for Abu Mūsa—the temporising governor of Al-Kūfa who had been deposed for want of active loyalty. "This man," answered ʿAlī, "did but lately leave us and flee; and not till after several months I pardoned him. Neither hath he now been fighting with us. Here is a worthy representative, the son of Al-ʿAbbās, the Prophet's uncle; choose him as your umpire." "As well name thyself," they answered rudely. "Then take Al-Ashtar." "What!" said the Bedawi chiefs in the same rough imperious strain, "the man that hath set the world on fire! None for us but Abu Mūsa." It was a bitter choice for ʿAlī, but he had no alternative. The Syrian arbiter was ʿAmr, for whose deep and crafty ways the other was no match. He presented himself in the Caliph's camp, and the agreement was put in writing. As dictated from ʿAlī's side, it ran thus: "In the name of the Lord Most Merciful! This is what hath been agreed upon between the Commander of the Faithful, and" "Stay! cried ʿAmr (like Ḳoreish to the Prophet at Al-Ḥodeibiya ); "ʿAlī is your commander, but he is not ours." Again the helpless Caliph had to give way, and the names of the contracting parties were written down simply as between "ʿAlī and Muʿāwiya." The document bound them "to follow the judgment of the Ḳorʾān; and, where the Ḳorʾān was silent, the acknowledged precedents of Islām." To the umpires, the guarantee of both ʿAlī and Muʿāwiya was given of safety for themselves and for their families, and the promise of the people that their judgment should be followed. On their part, the umpires swore to judge righteously, and thus, so far as in them lay, to reconcile the Faithful. The decision was to be delivered after six months, or later if the umpires saw cause for delay, and at some neutral spot midway between Al-Kūfa and Damascus. Meanwhile hostilities should be suspended. The writing having been duly executed and signed, was numerously witnessed by leading chiefs on either side. Al-Ashtar alone refused: "Never should I acknowledge this to be mine own right hand," he said, "if it did but touch a deed like this."

And so the armies buried their dead, and quitted the memorable but indecisive battlefield. ʿAlī retired to Al


text:
Page:William Muir, Thomas Hunter Weir - The Caliphate; Its Rise, Decline, and Fall (1915).djvu/294

 657] Kūfa, and Muʿāwiya, his point for the present gained, to Damascus. As ʿAlī entered Al-Kūfa, he heard wailing on every side. A chief man, whom he bade to pacify the mourners, answered: "O Caliph, it is not as if but two or three had been slain; of this clan alone hard by, an hundred and four score lie buried at Ṣiffīn. There is not a house but the women are weeping in it for their dead."

The slaughter, indeed, had been great on both sides. And what gave point to ʿAlī's loss was that the truce was but a hollow thing, with no hope in it of lasting peace or satisfaction. The Arab faction, to whose insolent demands he had yielded, was more estranged than ever. When the men of Al-Kūfa murmured at the compromise, ʿAlī could but reply that the mutinous soldiery had extorted the agreement from him; and that having pledged his faith, he could not now withdraw. He had thrown in his lot with traitors and regicides, and was now reaping the bitter fruit. Muʿāwiya alone had gained.


text: Page:Memorials of a tour on the continent, 1820 (IA memorialsoftouro00word).pdf/115


text:
Page:The Smart Set (Volume 51, Number 4).djvu/10

HELAS, JEAN-JACQUES—!
By Durbin Rowland

I was young: and I had been reading Rousseau’s *"Confessions.” You may rememnber that the dear old sentimentalist tells us that, next to being in love with two women at the same time, he never knew a greater pleasure than that derived from stretching himself out full length in a rowboat on a summer’s day to be carried downstream in complete al andonment. To me, an imaginative reader, this kind of diversion sounded alluring: moreover, I fear it was one of the few diversions of the erratic Jean-Jacques that 1 in these times and in our sadly prosaic country town could safely imitate without running a grave risk of putting myself under the surveillance of the police. You see, although I was past twenty, I was still a member of the Banner Class in the Presbyterian Sunday School.

I thought the thing over a good deal, and finally decided to try out Rousseau’s jolly little idea on our unromantic Maumee River at Toledo, Ohio. So one Saturday afternoon I went to Walbridge, which is a park above the town, and hired a rowboat. Everything went well at the start. Removing the cross-seat, I filled the rowboat with rented and launched from one of the ittle docks that lay along the wooded bank. I stretched myself out on my couch of pillows in a perfect ecstasy while I floated gently down with the current. It was magnificent: regular Maxfield Parish stuff! There was the great blue sky above, with some small, fleecy clouds drifting high overhead: now and then a twittering swallow would dart across the prow of my craft, or a huge dragon-fly would hover on golden wings in nud-air above me. Rousseau was right: this was the life! It was all very fine while it lasted. But it did not last long.

The Lady of Shalott kind of thing may have proved a success when perpetrated on a stream that runs past some finc sleepy old English town like Camelot; but in a matter-of-fact setting like the Maumee River at Toledo, Ohio, I have found to my sorrow that it doesn’t work by a long shot. Before my little craft had reached the first bridge that spans the river where the town begins and had glided serencly under it, some wharf-rat dangling from a pier yelled out to me: “lli there! Y’ain’t sick or anything, are you?”

And before 1 had floated on, still stretched out at ease, to the second towering bridge a sputtering police-boat came alongside to tow me ashore. 1 was somewhat assiduously conducted to the nearest station-house, where I was presented to the desk-sergeant. When questioned concerning my conduct, I endeavored to explain hastily to the desk-sergeant that I had been simply trying out a little 1dea suggested to me by J. J. Rousseau. The desk-sergeant frowned and reached for the city directory. After some patient research, he closed the book with a bang. “Say!” he thundered at me, “who in hell is this guy J. J. Rousseau anyway!”

Hélas, Jean-Jacques!—que la vie est sorne de nos jours! 130


text:
Page:Anthology of Japanese Literature.pdf/135

Rh feeling no horror or fear at all he took her hand and said, “Speak to me once again; tell me why for so short a while you came to me and filled my heart with gladness, and then so soon forsook me, who loved you so well?” and he wept long and bitterly by her side.

The priests did not know who he was, but they were touched by his evident misery and themselves shed tears. He asked Ukon to come back with him, but she answered: “I have served this lady since she was a little child and never once for so much as an hour have I left her. How can I suddenly part from one who was so dear to me and serve in another’s house? And I must now go and tell her people what has become of her; for (such is the manner of her death) if I do not speak soon, there will be an outcry that it was I who was to blame, and that would be a terrible thing for me. Sir,” and she burst into tears, wailing, “I will he with her upon the pyre; my smoke shall mingle with hers!”

“Poor soul,” said Genji, “I do not wonder at your despair. But this is the way of the world. Late or soon we must all go where she has gone. Take comfort and trust in me.” So he sought to console her, but in a moment he added: “Those, I know, are but hollow words. I too care no longer for life and would gladly follow her.” So he spoke, giving her in the end but little comfort.

“The night is far spent,” said Koremitsu; “we must now be on our way.” And so with many backward looks and a heart full to bursting he left the house. A heavy dew had fallen and the mist was so thick that it was hard to see the road. On the way it occurred to him that she was still wearing his scarlet cloak, which he had lent her when they lay down together on the last evening. How closely their lives had been entwined!

Noting that he sat very unsteadily in his saddle, Koremitsu walked beside him and gave him a hand. But when they came to a dike, he lost hold and his master fell to the ground. Here he lay in great pain and bewilderment. “I shall not live to finish the journey,” he said; “I have not strength to go so far.” Koremitsu too was sorely troubled, for he felt that despite all Genji’s insistence, he ought never to have allowed him, fever-stricken as he was, to embark upon this disastrous journey. In great agitation he plunged his hands in the river and


text: Index:Caledonia (Defoe).djvu

title: Index:Caledonia (Defoe).djvu


text:
Page:Anthology of Japanese Literature.pdf/136

132 prayed to Our Lady Kwannon of Kiyomizu. Genji too roused himself at last and forced himself to pray inwardly to the Buddha. And so they managed to start upon their journey again and in the end with Koremitsu’s help he reached his palace.

This sudden journey undertaken so late at night had seemed to all his household the height of imprudence. They had noted for some while past his nightly wanderings grow more and more frequent; but though often agitated and preoccupied, never had he returned so haggard as that morning. What could be the object of these continual excursions? And they shook their heads in great concern. Genji flung himself upon his bed and lay there in fever and pain for several days. He was growing very weak. The news was brought to the Emperor who was greatly distressed and ordered continual prayers to be said for him in all the great temples; and indeed there were more special services and purification ceremonies and incantations than I have room to rehearse. When it became known that this prince, so famous for his great charm and beauty, was likely soon to die, there was a great stir in all the kingdom.

Sick though he was he did not forget to send for Ukon and have her enrolled among his gentlewomen. Koremitsu, who was beside himself with anxiety concerning his master, yet managed on her arrival to calm himself and give to Ukon friendly instruction in her new duties; for he was touched by the helpless plight in which she had been left. And Genji, whenever he felt a little better, would use her to carry messages and letters, so that she soon grew used to waiting upon him. She was dressed in deep black and though not at all handsome was a pleasant enough looking woman.

“It seems that the same fate which so early stayed your lady’s course has willed that I too should be but little longer for this world. I know in what sore distress you are left by the loss of one who was for so many years your mistress and friend; and it was my purpose to have comforted you in your bereavement by every care and kindness I could devise. For this reason, indeed, it grieves me that I shall survive her for so short a time.” So, somewhat stiltedly, he whispered to Ukon, and being now very weak he could not refrain from tears. Apart from the fact that his death would leave her utterly


text: Page:Caledonia (Defoe).djvu/1

title: Page:Caledonia (Defoe).djvu/1


text: Page:Caledonia (Defoe).djvu/2

title: Page:Caledonia (Defoe).djvu/2


text: Page:Caledonia (Defoe).djvu/3

title: Page:Caledonia (Defoe).djvu/3


text: Page:Caledonia (Defoe).djvu/4

title: Page:Caledonia (Defoe).djvu/4


text: Page:Caledonia (Defoe).djvu/5

title: Page:Caledonia (Defoe).djvu/5


text: Page:Caledonia (Defoe).djvu/6

title: Page:Caledonia (Defoe).djvu/6


text: Page:Caledonia (Defoe).djvu/7

title: Page:Caledonia (Defoe).djvu/7


text: Page:Caledonia (Defoe).djvu/8

title: Page:Caledonia (Defoe).djvu/8


text: Page:Caledonia (Defoe).djvu/9

title: Page:Caledonia (Defoe).djvu/9


text: Page:Caledonia (Defoe).djvu/10

title: Page:Caledonia (Defoe).djvu/10


text: Page:Caledonia (Defoe).djvu/11

title: Page:Caledonia (Defoe).djvu/11


text: Page:Caledonia (Defoe).djvu/12

title: Page:Caledonia (Defoe).djvu/12


text: Page:Caledonia (Defoe).djvu/13

title: Page:Caledonia (Defoe).djvu/13


text: Page:Caledonia (Defoe).djvu/14

title: Page:Caledonia (Defoe).djvu/14


text: Page:Caledonia (Defoe).djvu/15

title: Page:Caledonia (Defoe).djvu/15


text: Page:Caledonia (Defoe).djvu/16

title: Page:Caledonia (Defoe).djvu/16


text:
Page:Caledonia (Defoe).djvu/17

IS GRACE Her Majety's High Commiioner, and Lords of Privy Council, having conidered a Petition given in to them by Daniel De Foe Eq;: And the amen being read in their Preence, his Grace, and the aids Lords do hereby grant Licence to the Petitioner and his Aigneys, to publih the Poem Entituled Caledonia, a Poem, in Honour of Scotland and the Scots Nation, and dicharges any other Peron to Print, Vend, Import, or Sell the aid Poem during the pace of Seven Years, without the Petitioner or his Aigneys Warrand or Commiion, under the pain of forefaulting and eiing the Copies o Printed, Imported, Vended, or Sold for the Ue of the Petitioner and by his Aigneys, and under the Penalty of Ten Pound Sterling for each Hundred of the aids Copics Imported, Printed, Vended or Sold in manner foreaid, and proportionably for a greater or leer Number.

Extracted by me A. MAITLAND. Cl. Scti. Concilii.

title: Page:Caledonia (Defoe).djvu/17


text:
Page:Caledonia (Defoe).djvu/18

May it pleae your Grace,

COTLAND her elf is my Advocate, to entreat your Graces Pardon for this Attempt; An Esay to recue her from Slander in Opinion, and Reproach in the Mouths of the partial World, however meanly performed, cannot but engage her in my Behalf.

SCOTLAND has had many an ill Picture drawn for her in the World; and as he had been repreented in Fale Draughts, no Wonder the Injurys he has uffered are intolerable.

All the Spies ent hither have carry'd back an ill Report of the Land, and fill'd the World with weak Banters and Clamour at they know not what.

If I can give a better turn to the Work, and how Scotland's true Picture to the World; if I can recue her from the Malice and Ignorance of Men, they that do'nt like it may be angry, and your Grace, dicerning the Imperfection, may think me an ill Painter; but I am confident will pardon that, and approve the deign, as a tep to abler hands in time to do the Nation more Jutice.

This Attempt, may it pleae your Grace, hall clear the way to that general Character, in which Scotland hall in time, come behind no Nation in Europe, and in which he know differs only thus, That they obtain a Glory they cannot merit, and Scotland merits a Glory that he has not obtain'd; and the Conequence of this mut be, That he hall no more be ill treated in Words by thoe who dare not look her Sons in the Face.

When a Stranger cones into Scotland, Fill'd with thoe formidable Ideas which the Enemies of the Nation ignorantly and maliciouly have form'd in him, he is confounded and aham'd of himelf, the cultivated Lands, the Noble Harbours, the numerous Villages, the Seats of the Nobility and Gentry, and the Plenty of all things are perfect Surprizes, and he is apt to enquire whether this be Scotland or no.

title: Page:Caledonia (Defoe).djvu/18


text:
Page:Caledonia (Defoe).djvu/19

 When I come farther, and view the Inhabitants, when I ee the Politenes of the Schollars, the Courteie of the Gentlemen, the Beauty of the Ladies, and at lat the Grandeur of your Graces Court, the Illutrious Nobility, and all the Oeconomy of State and Government: Amaz'd at thee things, I can only acquaint your Grace, that it Produc'd the following Poem.

For all its Imperfections, Meannees, and whatever may render it or its Author depicable in your Grace's, or the Nations Opinion, he depends upon that Principle of Generoity inherent in the Scottih Gentlemen, and which makes them deervedly eteemed all over the World, to cover it with their Goodnes, and look rather at the incerity and Jutice of the Deign, than the perfection of the Work.

And yet, as if I did not think it was perform'd to ome Advantage, I hould be unaccountably to blame, to preent it to your Grace; So I acknowledge my elf in ome treight, when I mut either profes to believe it worth your Grace's Perual and Acceptance, or reflect on your Grace's Judgment and my own Modety, to offer your Grace what merited only to be rejected.

I come off of this, by auring your Grace, that I have two Merits to plead for the Acceptance with your Grace, and the whole Scottih Nation. Firt, That the attempt is perfectly new, and as Inventions Generally find Improvement in thoe that come after; o I hope this hall have the ame Fate, and be a tep to ome Gentleman, of which Scotland is far from wanting a ufficient Number to perfect this Embrio, and do their Countrey more complaet Jutice. And Secondly, That it coming from a Stranger, and in meer Sene of Jutice to your Grace's Countrey, the Gentlemen of Scotland however exceeding me in the performance, hall never have Advantage of me there, who have had the Honour, however rudely, to be the firt Man that ever attempted to recue Scotland out of the Jaws of Slander, that Grave of her Character, and the Gulph in which all the great Actions of her Nobility and Gentry, are too much buried, and if it were poible for Vertue to dye, would be forgotten.

Other Merit than this, and being a Lover of Scotland, I plead none, except only that I may have the Honour to ubcribe.

Your Graces mot Humlble and mot obedient Servant,

DANIEL DE FOE.

title: Page:Caledonia (Defoe).djvu/19


text:
Page:Caledonia (Defoe).djvu/20

RIGHT HONOURABLE,

N the midt of all the Difficulties, and ditracting Debates that too much harras and fatigue you about National Settlements, and Affairs of the nicet, and mot weighty Signification, permit an Humble Stranger, to interrupt you a little with ome thing diverting.

Thoe that have repreented the Deign of it, before it came to your View, as a Party affair, will find themelves o mitaken, that, I doubt not, they will acknowledge they have done ome other Gentlemen wrong beides the Author.

He has endeavoured to pay a Debt of Jutice here to the Scots Nation: If he has not dicharg'd it fully, he beggs you will pleae to accept of this in part, as Wit come sin, you hall find him Honet and willing to pay the Remainder.

RIGHT HONOURABLE,

I have Nothing to do here with the prefent Diputes; I am orry to ee o much differing about uniting, and more, to ee o much uniting about differing; but 'tis nothing to me, and les, if that can be, to my Poem: All I have aid of Scotland and Scots Men, will, I hope, be true to the Worlds End, whether there be an Union or no.

The Temper of your People, the Bravery of your Soldiers, the Antiquity of your Families, and the Characters of your Perons are the ame, and will be the ame to all Ages, let the preent Affair go which way it will.

If any thing in this Book has a Repect to uniting at all, 'tis but in General, as Peace and Union between two Siter Nations mult be deireable to all that wih well to both; but here is not one Word of Terms nor Times, 'tis none of my Buines.

And this I do on purpoe, that if poible, this Book might oblige all ides, and none of the Gentlemen for whoe Honour and Country it is wrote, hould meet with any thing to hock their Reading, on account of the preent Party Strife in this place.

title: Page:Caledonia (Defoe).djvu/20


text:
Page:Caledonia (Defoe).djvu/21

 'Tis unhappy to me that I came here to offer you this Preent at a Time, when 'tis o hard to ay any thing that one Side or other hall not be dipleaed with: And tho I teer as teady as I can; yet I cannot but expect Micontructions, and they will be no Surprize to me.

I am only orry, that ome Gentlemen taking it for granted, I am byas'd by Party, have turn'd their Backs on this Work, before they uffered themelves to be inform'd what it was; but this troubles me not for my own Sake: For I eek nothing but the Honour of being the firt Stranger that has attempted to oblige you this way.

If thoe Gentlemen have by this hindred me of thoe Helps I might have had from them, by which I might have been able to have done them and their Families more Jutice, 'tis my Misfortune; but I hope the Gentlemen will not blame me for omitting what I could not be furniht with, either of their Family's Hitory, or their Peronal Merit.

As far as without thee Aitances the uperficial Knowledge of Report, and General Character would upply, I have not been wanting to hew an impartial Honour for all Men of Merit, without the leat Repect to Party Factions, or any of the unhappy Ditinctions of the Times.

But as ome very Noble Families are left out, by this means I have nothing to ask their Pardon for, but the Misfortune of being mitaken by them, which is a Los, I am not out of Hopes, Time will repair, and that hereafter they will permit me to do them that Jutice I was ready to have done now.

I hope none will quarrel with the Poem for the Author's not being able to give every Family, or every Gentleman in Scotland a Character uited to their Merit, and conequently for ingling ome out from the ret.

As to entring upon the Characters of every Noble Family in your illutrious Roll of Peerage, you will pardon me, not attempting what you will eaily conclude a Stranger, that has not had the Honour of a long acquaintance here could not be capable of, at leat to uch a Degree as uch Characters ought to be made.

The Few Attempts made here, I acknowledge to be very imperfect and hort as to the Merit both of Peron and Family, and the Gentlemen concern'd cannot expect I could go thorow either all the Families, or all in their Families that deerv'd Notice—. The Nature and Deign of the Work could not permit it.

I intreat therefore, thoe Gentlemen who know their Families are of equal Antiquity, and their peronal Merit equal to ome that are mentioned here, to remember, Character is not the End of the Book, but a Circumtance like the finihing Strokes of a Fine Picture added to grace the Work: The principal Deign was the Climate, Nation, Seas, Trade, Lands, Improvements and Temper of Scotland and its People: In puruing this, ome Actions, ome Families, ome Characters becoming neceary, it would be too great a nicety to quarrel the Author, that this or that is omitted, tho, equal in its Authority and Character to ome that may be mentioned here.

title: Page:Caledonia (Defoe).djvu/21


text:
Page:Caledonia (Defoe).djvu/22

 Thus the Families of Crawford, Erskin, Rolle, Murray, Maxwel, Livington, Forbes, and many others, tho ome of them Senior in Antiquity to ome of thoe named, will not, I hope, take their being omitted in the Examples, or larger Characters here quotted, as any Neglect either of their Perons or Merit, ince it was impoible to run a length of Names with any tollerable Regard to the Verion, or any poibility of keeping within the bounds of a Poem.

On this account, tho ome of the Gentlemen have done me the Honour of their Acquaintance, and to others, I mean, the Family of Forbes in particular, I have extraordinary Obligations, yet have I been obliged to take but a few out of the great Mas of illutrious Merit which the Nobility of Scotland, furnihes for this Work.

Perhaps another Occaion may preent, which may furnih me to make amends to the whole Body, and anwer for this eeming Defect.

But this is far from being the occaion of my Addreing this Poem to this Honourable Aembly, and therefore I begg leave to come directly to the Deign.

Thro the whole Poem, I think it is plain, I go all along upon a Suppoition of Improvement; and it is not without ome Difficulty a Poet can ecape letting go ome Severities by way of Reflection on the Neglect of it.

When have aid what Scotland may be, and when I reflect what he is, I need ay no more than lay open the Scheme of both, it would certainly lay a mot indelible blame ome where.

That the Land, the Sea, the Climate, and the People of Scotland are all adapted for Plenty, Wealth, Riches, and Fruitfulnes is no Complement to you, but really a Satyr, and leads o directly to the main Quetion, that I ee no avoiding it, viz. Why is he not Rich, Plentiful, and Fruitful?

And this is the Head on which I addres to this Honourable Aembly, and begging firt your Pardon for the plainnes, I ay, 'tis in your Power to put a new Countenance on the dejected Countrey Men, a new Propect on the melancholly Surface, a New Treaure in the General Stock, and a new Face on the whole Nation.

As I aid before, I hall not concern the Union in this Dicoure; So I take the freedom to ay here, the Union is noways concern'd in this Propoal.

With or without an Union the Lands may be improved, the Tenants incouraged, the Fields incloed, Woods planted, the Moors and Wates fed, and Scotland recovered from languihing Poverty.

With or without an Union, the Nobility and Gentry may plant, manure and enrich their Etates; the Sheep Maters manage, direct, and take care of their Sheep, preerve the Breed, and nourih the Encreae of their Cattel.

With or without an Union Husbandry may be revived, the Farmers retored, and the Tenantry in general encouraged, and this alone would change the Face, both of the Countrey, and of the People, make the Life of the poor Husband-Man eay and pleaant, and the Etates of the Gentry would rie in their Value.

title: Page:Caledonia (Defoe).djvu/22


text:
Page:Caledonia (Defoe).djvu/23

 I have been, My Lords, two or three times going to addres the Nobility in this Humble manner, that your Lordhips would be pleaed to condecend to double your Etates.

Indeed my thought was by the Extravagance of the Title, to gain your more evere Attention to the Novelty of the Propoal.

But I freely appeal to this augut Aembly, for the jutnes of what I am going to ay.

'Tis plain, and it would be trifling with you to enter into the particulars, That Scotland is capable of great Imrpovement [sic]—. I cannot enter into Methods particular, or Schemes for the performance here, being alo preparing for your View, a mall Dicoure on that particular Subject, which I hall call an Eay at the improvement of the Lands and Trade of Scotland, with or without an Union, to which I refer.

But the Reaon of this Dicoure, is to examine who are the Objects of this Improvement, who the Perons mut do it, to whom Scotland looks for the Advantages and Helps of Art, how the Indutry of the People mut be revived, the poor ruin'd Farmer retored, the Husband-Mans Diligence encouraged, and the whole Kingdom recovered.

And this, My Lords and Gentlemen, mut be your Part; you alone can put your Hands to the healing the Wounds, Time, Negligence, unhappy Contitutions, civil dientions, and all the State Broils of the Nation have made upon your Properity.

'Tis too evident the Tenant cannot do it, he is poor, and a Slave, he is dejected, dicouraged, and abolutely depriv'd of Means to do it.

Nor hall I take upon me to ay, as ome do, that this is wholly owing to the high Rents you take; for if you hould lower the Rent, and conequently ink the Value of the Free-hold in the whole Kingdom; yet is the Poverty and Miery of the Tenant, uch at this time, that it would be many Ages before they could recover enough, to be able to make coniderable Steps this way; and if they could, I believe there may be ome Reaon to doubt their Inclination, omething unqualified by diue, to improve for the Land-Lord.

But if Scotland mut be improv'd, it mut be done by you that are the Land-Lords, whoe Property in the Freehold gives you a Jut Concern in the Quality of it, to be very willing to have it made better.

The Landed Men are the only proper Perons to help forwards this General Bleing, 'tis their own before, and the Improvement is their own: As no Men but they are able to do it, o no Men but themelves have a Paternal Concern in it—. They are Fathers of their Countrey; becaue Owners of their Countrey. Improving your Lands, Gentlemen, is like Educating your Children, not a Duty only, but has omething of a Natural Obligation in it, which you cannot reit.

I have not room here to enter into Methods, and I hall be the lat Man in Scotland upon Project—. The only Caution I take leave to give, is this— That Gentlemen being firt well advied from the Nature of the Land, the Method of its Management, the Produce of the Earth, and the Cattel, would be pleaed by little and little; for to attempt it all at once, is

title: Page:Caledonia (Defoe).djvu/23


text:
Page:Caledonia (Defoe).djvu/24

 to detroy themelves and their Deign, but by little and little, to caue every piece of Land to be improved, better'd and hearten'd to the Extent of its Nature and Capacity, in this Cae you would oon ee the Lands in Scotland equal in many places to the Lands in England, and all places much differing from what they are now.

When Land is thus inclos'd, planted and improved, I hope I need not ay it hall be let to the Tenant, not for les, but for much more than before; and it remains only, that your Servants take care the Tenants keep it up to its Goodnes, and that till they are ued to Methods of Husbandry, uitable, they may neither by want of Skill or Diligence weaken the Land—. And thus no Gentleman hall ink his Rent, and yet the Tenant be et to work in carrying on the Improvement which the Landlords have begun, till both together enjoy the Benefit of a plentiful and improv'd Country.

By this Method the Gentlemen of Scotland hall encreafe their Etates, the Tenant hall, to encourage his Indutry, have his Farm at uch a Rent as he may pay it, and live comfortably alo, and both together hall revive from the preent languihing poture of their Affairs.

If it be objected, this hall put the Gentlemen to extraordinary Charges—, I readily grant, Fencing, Encloing, Planting, &c. of Land, mut imply ome Charge—: But this is anwered with o many unanwerable Reaons,that nothing can reit—. As, 1. It is your own, the Charge is laid out upon your own, all the Profit is your own—, and that Profit o infallibly certain, if perform'd with Judgment, that no Man can call it an Expene. 2. No Money can be laid out to equal Advantage, nor in which the return can be equally certain or oon. 3. 'Tis your Countreys Advantage in general, and as the Scots have always been ready to adventure Life and Etate for the Honour and Advantage of their Countrey, as much as any People under Heaven, it is hard they hould be backward to a Service in which is no Hazard, little Trouble, and certain Gain, both to themelves and their Poterity.

For this Reaon I have addret thee Sheets to this Honourable Aembly, humbly to lay before you the Neceity, the Advantage, and the Eaines of thus etting your Hands to the general Good of your Countrey.

If this be done, I preume 'tis eay to make it appear, you may bring Scotland to be equal in her Native Wealth, I mean the Produce of the Ground, Breed of her Cattel, Indutry of her People, and greatnes of Trade and Manufactures, in Proportion to any of her Neighbours, and that with or without an Union.

Indeed I have often wondred, the Gentlemen who are warm againt an Union, have never erected this Propoal as an Equivalent againt it—. They have entred into the Preliminaries of Scotland 's Felicity, and attempted to how which way to bring it to pas; but I never met with this Medium.

If any thing will make you able to live without an Union, it mut be improving your Etates, encreaing the Produce, and enriching your Lands.

title: Page:Caledonia (Defoe).djvu/24


text:
Page:Caledonia (Defoe).djvu/25

 To ay Scotland is too poor for this, is no Anwer at all: 'Tis for a Lame man, becaue he cannot run, to ly down in the Dirt, and ay, He wont tand upon his Legs: To be thus poor, is to be ever poor—. Your Wealth is before you, 'tis in your very Bowels, 'tis in every Landlords hand to encreae and improve; no Nation has o much room for it; none o much Caue for it as your elves.

There are ome Noble Families in Scotland, whoe improv'd Etates are living Witnees to the Truth of this, where the Flourihing Groves, Flowry Meadows, Rich Patures, large Cattel, tores of Hay for the Cattel, and Muck for the Land, upbraid the Neighbouring Gentlemen with not being equally forward, to accept of Natures Bounty, and put her on to do her Duty.

I hall conclude this Addres with a few Lines, which you will find again in the following Poem, and which contrary to Practice, I quote here to inculcat this Argument.

This is the hort Subtance of this Addres, and indeed is the chief Deign of the following Poem, next to doing that Jutice to the Scots Nation, which I thought my Duty. If either be accepted or eteemed ueful, the Author is ufficiently gratified.

I acknowledge that the Honour done both to the Author and the Work, in the ready ubcription to the Charge, by uch an illutrious Roll of the Nobility and Gentry of this Kingdom, and in the Grant from her Majeties mot Honourable Privy Council, to prevent urreptitious Impreions of it, are uch Honours, epecially being done before the performance has been hown, as I know not how to expres my grateful Sene of, only by acknowledging my elf infinitly obliged, and ever bound to how my Gratitude, both to the Gentlemen, and on their Accounts to the whole Nation; and tho their own Modety forbids me printing a Lit of the Names of the Subcribers; yet it cannot be conceal'd from the World, that any Man that attempts to erve Scotland, hall always meet with Men of Sene and Honour there, both to reward and encourage him.

The Debt of Jutice due from me on this Account, will, I hope, excue me for offering thee Sheets to the Parliament of Scotland, where as ome Gentlemen have encoureg'd this Work without Doors, all I hope, will grant their Pardon within to the weak endeavour of

title: Page:Caledonia (Defoe).djvu/25


text:
Page:Caledonia (Defoe).djvu/26

N Northern Hights, where Nature eldom miles,

Embrac'd with Seas, and buttre't round with Iles,

Where lofty Shores regard th' adjacent Pole,

Where Winds inceant blow, and Waves inceant roll;

Where Tyrant Cold in Glacy Ocean reigns,

And all the Habitable World didains,

Defies the ditant Influence of the Sun,

And hines in Ice.

Firt youngest Siter to the Frozen Zone,

Batter'd by Parent Natures contant Frown.

Adapt to Hardhips, and cut out for Toil;

The bet wort Climate, and the wort bet Soil.

A rough, unhewn, uncultivated Spot,

Of old o fam'd, and o of late forgot.

title: Page:Caledonia (Defoe).djvu/26


text: Page:Caledonia (Defoe).djvu/49

title: Page:Caledonia (Defoe).djvu/49


text: Page:Caledonia (Defoe).djvu/50

title: Page:Caledonia (Defoe).djvu/50


text: Page:Caledonia (Defoe).djvu/88

title: Page:Caledonia (Defoe).djvu/88


text: Page:Caledonia (Defoe).djvu/89

title: Page:Caledonia (Defoe).djvu/89


text: Page:Caledonia (Defoe).djvu/90

title: Page:Caledonia (Defoe).djvu/90


text: Page:Caledonia (Defoe).djvu/91

title: Page:Caledonia (Defoe).djvu/91


text: Page:Caledonia (Defoe).djvu/92

title: Page:Caledonia (Defoe).djvu/92


text: Page:Caledonia (Defoe).djvu/93

title: Page:Caledonia (Defoe).djvu/93


text: Page:Caledonia (Defoe).djvu/94

title: Page:Caledonia (Defoe).djvu/94


text: Page:Caledonia (Defoe).djvu/95

title: Page:Caledonia (Defoe).djvu/95


text: Page:Caledonia (Defoe).djvu/96

title: Page:Caledonia (Defoe).djvu/96


text:
Page:Anthology of Japanese Literature.pdf/137

Rh without resource, she had now quite taken to him and would have been very sorry indeed if he had died.

His gentlemen ran hither and thither, distracted; the Emperor’s envoys thronged thick as the feet of the raindrops. Hearing of his father’s distress and anxiety, Genji strove hard to reassure him by pretending to some slight respite or improvement. His father-in-law too showed great concern, calling every day for news and ordering the performance of various rites and potent liturgies; and it was perhaps as a result of this, that having been dangerously ill for more than twenty days, he took a turn for the better, and soon all his symptoms began to disappear. On the night of his recovery the term of his defilement also ended and hearing that the Emperor was still extremely uneasy about him, he determined to reassure the court by returning to his official residence at the palace. His father-in-law came to fetch him in his own carriage and rather irritatingly urged upon him all sorts of remedies and precautions.

For some while everything in the world to which he had now returned seemed strange to him and he indeed scarce knew himself; but by the twentieth day of the ninth month his recovery was complete, nor did the pallor and thinness of his face become him by any means ill.

At times he would stare vacantly before him and burst into loud weeping, and seeing this there were not wanting those who said that he was surely possessed.

Often he would send for Ukon, and once when they had been talking in the still of the evening he said to her, “There is one thing which still puzzles me. Why would she never tell me who she was? For even if she was indeed, as she once said, ‘a fisherman’s child,’ it was a strange perversity to use such reticence with one who loved her so well.”

“You ask why she hid her name from you?” said Ukon. “Can you wonder at it? When could she have been expected to tell you her name (not that it would have meant much to you if you had heard it)? For from the beginning you treated her with a strange mistrust, coming with such secrecy and mystery as might well make her doubt whether you were indeed a creature of the waking world.