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 stood their ways, and had established my own position. Traversing a vaulted passage underneath the rearward portion of the Palace, we emerged into the outer garden, and through this into a road lighted with a brilliancy almost equal to that of day. Our journey occupied nearly half an hour, when we entered an enclosure apparently of great size, the avenue of which was so wide that, without dismounting, our carriage passed directly up to the door of a larger house than I had yet seen.


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The three men who heard this announcement were conscious that at this point the Ashton case entered upon an entirely new phase. Armitstead's mind was swept clean away from the episode in Paris, Viner's from the revelations at Marketstoke, Mr. Pawle suddenly realized that here, at last, was something material and tangible which opened out all sorts of possibilities. And he voiced the thoughts of his two companions as he turned in amazement on the fat little man who sat complacently nursing his umbrella.

"What!" he exclaimed. "You mean to tell me that Ashton was walking about London with a diamond worth fifty thousand pounds in his pocket? Incredible!"

"Don't see nothing so very incredible about it," retorted Mr. Van Hoeren. "I could show you men what carries diamonds worth twice that much in their pockets about the Garden."

"That's business," said Mr. Pawle. "I've heard of such things—but you all know each other over there, I'm told. Ashton wasn't a diamond merchant. God bless me—he was probably murdered for that stone!"

"That's just what I come to you about, eh?" sug-

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 gested Mr. Van Hoeren. "You see 'tain't nothing if he show that diamond to me, and such as me; we don't think nothing of that—all in our way of business. But if he gets showing it to other people, in public places—what?"

"Just so!" asserted Mr. Pawle. "Sheer tempting of Providence! I'm amazed! But—how did you get to know Mr. Ashton and to hear of this diamond? Did he come to you?"

"Called on me at my office," answered Mr. Van Hoeren laconically. "Pulled out the diamond and asked me what I thought it was worth. Well, I introduce him to some of the other boys in the Garden, see? He show them the diamond too. We reckon it's worth what I say—fifty to sixty thousand. So!"

"Did he want to sell it?" demanded Mr. Pawle.

"Oh, well, yes—he wouldn't have minded," replied the diamond merchant. "Wasn't particular about it, you know—rich man."

"Did he tell you anything about it—how he got it, and so on?" asked Mr. Pawle. "Was there any history attached to it?"

"Oh, nothing much," answered Mr. Van Hoeren. "He told me he'd had it some years—got it in Australia, where he come from to London. Got it cheap, he did—lots of things like that in our business."

"And carried it in his pocket!" exclaimed Mr. Pawle. He stared hard at Mr. Van Hoeren, as if his mind was revolving some unpleasant idea. "I suppose all the people you introduced him to are—all right?" he asked.

"Oh, they're all right!" affirmed Mr. Van Hoeren, with a laugh. "Give my word for any of 'em, eh?


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 But Ashton—if he pulls that diamond out to show to anybody—out of the trade, you understand—well, then, there's lots of fellows in this town would settle him to get hold of it—what?"

"I think you're right," said Mr. Pawle. He glanced at Viner. "This puts a new complexion on affairs," he remarked. "We shall have to let the police know of this. I'm much obliged to you, Mr. Van Hoeren. You won't mind giving evidence about this if it's necessary?"

"Don't mind nothing," said Mr. Van Hoeren. "Me and the other boys, we think you ought to know about that diamond, see?"

He went away, and Mr. Pawle turned to Viner and Armitstead.

"I shouldn't wonder if we're getting at something like a real clue," he said. "It seems evident that Ashton was not very particular about showing his diamond to people! If he'd show it—readily—to a lot of Hatton Garden diamond merchants, who, after all, were strangers to him, how do we know that he wouldn't show it to other men? The fact is, wealthy men like that are often very careless about their possessions. Possibly a diamond worth fifty or sixty thousand pounds wasn't of so much importance in Ashton's eyes as it would have been in—well, in mine. And how do we know that he didn't show the diamond to the man with the muffler, in Paris, and that the fellow followed him here and murdered him for it?"

"Possible!" said Armitstead.

"Doesn't it strike you as strange, though," suggested Viner, "that the first news of this diamond


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 comes from Van Hoeren? One would have thought that Ashton would have mentioned it—and shown it—to Miss Wickham and Mrs. Killenhall. Yet apparently—he never did."

"Yes, that does seem odd," asserted Mr. Pawle. "But there seems to be no end of oddity in this case. And there's one thing that must be done at once: we must have a full and thorough search and examination of all Ashton's effects. His house must be thoroughly searched for papers and so on. Viner, I suppose you're going home? Do me the favour to call at Miss Wickham's, and tell her that I propose to come there at ten o'clock tomorrow morning, to go through Ashton's desk and his various belongings with her—surely there must be something discoverable that will throw more light on the matter. And in the meantime, Viner, don't say anything to her about our journey to Marketstoke—leave that for a while."

Viner went away from Crawle, Pawle, and Rattenbury's in company with Armitstead. Outside, the Lancashire business man gave him a shrewd glance.

"I very much doubt if that diamond has anything whatever to do with Ashton's murder," he said. "From what I saw of him, he seemed to me to be a very practical man, full of business aptitude and common sense, and I don't believe that he'd make a practice of walking about London with a diamond of that value in his pocket. It's all very well that he should have it in his pocket when he went down to Hatton Garden—he had a purpose. But that he should always carry it—no, I don't credit that, Mr. Viner."


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 "I can scarcely credit such a foolish thing myself," said Viner. "But—where is the diamond?"

"Perhaps you'll find it tomorrow," suggested Armitstead. "The man would be sure to have some place in his house where he kept his valuables. I shall be curious to hear."

"Are you staying in town?" inquired Viner.

"I shall be at the Hotel Cecil for a fortnight at least," answered Armitstead. "And if I can be of any use to you or Mr. Pawle, you've only to ring me up there. You've no doubt yourself, I think, that the unfortunate fellow Hyde is innocent?"

"None!" said Viner. "No doubt whatever! But—the police have a strong case against him. And unless we can find the actual murderer, I'm afraid Hyde's in a very dangerous position."

"Well," said Armitstead, "in these cases, you never know what a sudden and unexpected turn of events may do. That man with the muffler is the chap you want to get hold of—I'm sure of that!"

Viner went home and dined with his aunt and their two guests, Hyde's sisters, whom he endeavoured to cheer up by saying that things were developing as favourably as could be expected, and that he hoped to have good news for them ere long. They were simple souls, pathetically grateful for any scrap of sympathy and comfort, and he strove to appear more confident about the chances of clearing this unlucky brother than he really felt. It was his intention to go round to Number Seven during the evening, to deliver Mr. Pawle's message to Miss Wickham, but before he rose from his own table, a message arrived


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 by Miss Wickham's parlour-maid—would Mr. Viner be kind enough to come to the house at once?

At this, Viner excused himself to his guests and hurried round to Number Seven, to find Miss Wickham and Mrs. Killenhall, now in mourning garments, in company with a little man whom Viner at once recognized as a well-known tradesman of Westbourne Grove—a florist and fruiterer named Barleyfield, who was patronized by all the well-to-do folk of the neighbourhood. He smiled and bowed as Viner entered the room, and turned to Miss Wickham as if suggesting that she should explain his presence.

"Oh, Mr. Viner!" said Miss Wickham, "I'm so sorry to send for you so hurriedly, but Mr. Barleyfield came to tell us that he could give some information about Mr. Ashton, and as Mr. Pawle isn't available, and I don't like to send for a police-inspector, I thought that you, perhaps—"

"To be sure!" said Viner. "What is it, Mr. Barleyfield?"

Mr. Barleyfield, who had obviously attired himself in his Sunday raiment for the purposes of his call, and had further shown respect for the occasion by wearing a black cravat, smiled as he looked from the two ladies to Viner.

"Well, Mr. Viner," he answered, "I'll tell you what it is—it may help a bit in clearing up things, for I understand there's a great deal of mystery about Mr. Ashton's death. Now, I'm told, sir, that nobody—especially these good ladies—knows nothing about what the deceased gentleman used to do with himself of an evening—as a rule. Just so. Well,


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 you know, Mr. Viner, a tradesman like myself generally knows a good deal about the people of his neighbourhood. I knew Mr. Ashton very well indeed—he was a good customer of mine, and sometimes he'd stop and have a bit of chat with me. And I can tell you where he very often spent an hour or two of an evening."

"Yes—where?" asked Viner.

"At the Grey Mare Inn, sir," answered Barleyfield promptly. "I have often seen him there myself."

"The Grey Mare Inn!" exclaimed Viner, while Mrs. Killenhall and Miss Wickham looked at each other wonderingly. "Where is that? It sounds like the name of some village tavern."

"Ah, but you don't know this part of London as I do, sir!" said Barleyfield, with a knowing smile. "If you did, you'd know the Grey Mare well enough—it's an institution. It's a real old-fashioned place, between Westbourne Grove and Notting Hill—one of the very last of the old taverns, with a tea-garden behind it, and a bar-parlour of a very comfortable sort, where various old fogies of the neighbourhood gather of an evening and smoke churchwarden pipes and tell tales of the olden days—I rather gathered from what I saw that it was the old atmosphere that attracted Mr. Ashton—made him think of bygone England, you know, Mr. Viner."

"And you say he went there regularly?" asked Viner.

"I've seen him there a great deal, sir, for I usually turn in there for half an hour or so, myself, of an evening, when business is over and I've had my sup-


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 in getting him up before six. At first, when called, Buffon declined to rise—pleaded that he was ill, or pretended anger at being disturbed; and on the Count at length getting up, Joseph found that he had earned nothing but reproaches for having permitted his master to lie a-bed contrary to his express orders. At length the valet determined to earn his crown; and again and again he forced Buffon to rise, notwithstanding his entreaties, expostulations, and threats of immediate discharge from his service. One morning Buffon was unusually obstinate, and Joseph found it necessary to resort to the extreme measure of dashing a basin of ice-cold water under the bed-clothes, the effect of which was instantaneous. By the persistent use of such means, Buffon at length conquered his habit; and he was accustomed to say that he owed to Joseph three or four volumes of his Natural History.

For forty years of his life, Button worked every morning at his desk from nine till two, and again in the evening from five till nine. His diligence was so continuous and so regular that it became habitual. His biographer has said of him, "Work was his necessity; his studies were the charm of his life; and towards the last term of his glorious career he frequently said that he still hoped to be able to consecrate to them a few more years." He was a most conscientious worker, always studying to give the reader his best thoughts, expressed in the very best manner. He was never wearied with touching and retouching his compositions, so that his style may be pronounced almost perfect. He wrote the 'Epoques de la Nature' not fewer than eleven times before he was satisfied with it; although he had thought over the work about fifty


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 per," answered Barleyfield. "I should say that he went there four or five nights a week."

"And no doubt conversed with the people he met there?" suggested Viner.

"He was a friendly, sociable man, sir," said Barleyfield. "Yes, he was fond of a talk. But there was one man there that he seemed to associate with—an elderly, superior gentleman whose name I don't know, though I'm familiar enough with his appearance. Him and Mr. Ashton I've often seen sitting in a particular corner, smoking their cigars, and talking together. And—if it's of any importance—I saw them talking like that, at the Grey Mare, the very evening that—that Mr. Ashton died, Mr. Viner."

"What time was that?" asked Viner.

"About the usual time, sir—nine-thirty or so," replied Barleyfield. "I generally look in about that time—nine-thirty to ten."

"Did you leave them talking there?" inquired Viner.

"They were there when I left, sir, at a quarter past ten," answered Barleyfield. "Talking in their usual corner."

"And you say you don't know who this man is?"

"I don't! I know him by sight—but he's a comparatively recent comer to the Grey Mare. I've noticed him for a year or so—not longer."

Viner glanced at the two ladies.

"I suppose you never heard Mr. Ashton mention the Grey Mare?" he asked.

"We never heard Mr. Ashton say anything about his movements," answered Miss Wickham. "We used to wonder, sometimes, if he'd joined a club


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 or if he had friends that we knew nothing about."

"Well," said Viner, turning to the florist, "do you think you could take me to the Grey Mare, Mr. Barleyfield?"

"Nothing easier, sir—open to one and all!"

"Then, if you've the time to spare, we'll go now," said Viner. He lingered behind a moment to tell Miss Wickham of Mr. Pawle's appointment for the morning, and then went away with Barleyfield in the Notting Hill direction. "I suppose you've been at the Grey Mare since Mr. Ashton's death?" he asked as they walked along.

"Once or twice, sir," replied Barleyfield.

"And you've no doubt heard the murder discussed?" suggested Viner.

"I've heard it discussed hard enough, sir, there and elsewhere," replied the florist. "But at the Gray Mare itself, I don't think anybody knew that this man who'd been murdered was the same as the grey-bearded gentleman who used to drop in there sometimes. They didn't when I was last in, anyway. Perhaps this gentleman I've mentioned to you might know—Mr. Ashton might have told his name to him. But you know how it is in these places, Mr. Viner—people drop in, even regularly, and fellow-customers may have a bit of talk with them without having the least idea who they are. Between you and me, sir, I came to the conclusion that Mr. Ashton was a man who liked to see a bit of what we'll call informal, old-fashioned tavern life, and he hit on this place by accident, in one of his walks round, and took to coming where he could be at his ease—amongst strangers."


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 "No doubt," agreed Viner.

He followed his guide through various squares and streets until they came to the object of their pilgrimage—a four-square, old-fashioned house set back a little from the road, with a swinging sign in front, and a garden at the side. Barleyfield led him through this garden to a side-door, whence they passed into a roomy, low-ceilinged parlour which reminded Viner of old coaching prints—he would scarcely have believed it possible that such a pre-Victorian room could be found in London. There were several men in it, and he nudged his companion's elbow.

"Let us sit down in a quiet corner and have something to drink," he said. "I just want to take a look at this place—and its frequenters."

Barleyfield led him to a nook near the chimney-corner and beckoned to an aproned boy who hung about with a tray under his arm. But before Viner could give an order, his companion touched his arm and motioned towards the door.

"Here's the gentleman Mr. Ashton used to talk to!" he whispered. "The tall man—just coming in."


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 years. He was a thorough man of business, most orderly in everything; and he was accustomed to say that genius without order lost three-fourths of its power. His great success as a writer was the result mainly of his painstaking labour and diligent application. "Buffon," observed Madame Necker, "strongly persuaded that genius is the result of a profound attention directed to a particular subject, said that he was thoroughly wearied out when composing his first writings, but compelled himself to return to them and go over them carefully again, even when he thought he had already brought them to a certain degree of perfection; and that at length he found pleasure instead of weariness in this long and elaborate correction." It ought also to be added that Buffon wrote and published all his great works while afflicted by one of the most painful diseases to which the human frame is subject.

Literary life affords abundant illustrations of the same power of perseverance; and perhaps no career is more instructive, viewed in this light, than that of Sir Walter Scott. His admirable working qualities were trained in a lawyer's office, where he pursued for many years a sort of drudgery scarcely above that of a copying clerk. His daily dull routine made his evenings, which were his own, all the more sweet; and he generally devoted them to reading and study. He himself attributed to his prosaic office discipline that habit of steady, sober diligence, in which mere literary men are so often found wanting. As a copying clerk he was allowed 3d. for every page containing a certain number of words; and he sometimes, by extra work, was able to copy as many as 120 pages in twenty-four hours, thus earning some 30s.; out


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 of which he would occasionally purchase an odd volume, otherwise beyond his means.

During his after-life Scott was wont to pride himself upon being a man of business, and he averred, in contradiction to what he called the cant of sonneteers, that there was no necessary connexion between genius and an aversion or contempt for the common duties of life. On the contrary, he was of opinion that to spend some fair portion of every day in any matter-of-fact occupation was good for the higher faculties themselves in the upshot. While afterwards acting as clerk to the Court of Session in Edinburgh, he performed his literary work chiefly before breakfast, attending the court during the day, where he authenticated registered deeds and writings of various kinds. On the whole, says Lockhart, "it forms one of the most remarkable features in his history, that throughout the most active period of his literary career, he must have devoted a large proportion of his hours, during half at least of every year, to the conscientious discharge of professional duties." It was a principle of action which he laid down for himself, that he must earn his living by business, and not by literature. On one occasion he said, "I determined that literature should be my staff, not my crutch, and that the profits of my literary labour, however convenient otherwise, should not, if I could help it, become necessary to my ordinary expenses."

His punctuality was one of the most carefully cultivated of his habits, otherwise it had not been possible for him to get through so enormous an amount of literary labour. He made it a rule to answer every letter received by him on the same


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 only twenty. From French he proceeded to learn German, and rapidly mastered that language. Having taken a large farm, for the purpose of introducing Scotch improvements in the art of agriculture, he shortly succeeded in realizing a considerable income. The continent being thrown open at the end of the war, he travelled abroad for the purpose of inquiring into the system of gardening and agriculture in other countries. He twice repeated his journeys, and the results were published in his Encyclopædias, which are among the most remarkable works of their kind,—distinguished for the immense mass of useful matter which they contain, collected by an amount of industry and labour which has rarely been equalled.

The career of Samuel Drew is not less remarkable than any of those which we have cited. His father was a hard-working labourer of the parish of St. Austell, in Cornwall. Though poor, he contrived to send his two sons to a penny-a-week school in the neighbourhood. Jabez, the elder, took delight in learning, and made great progress in his lessons; but Samuel, the younger, was a dunce, notoriously given to mischief and playing truant. When about eight years old he was put to manual labour, earning three-halfpence a day as a buddle-boy at a tin mine. At ten he was apprenticed to a shoemaker, and while in this employment he endured much hardship,—living, as he used to say, "like a toad under a harrow." He often thought of running away and becoming a pirate, or something of the sort, and he seems to have grown in recklessness as he grew in years. In robbing orchards he was usually a leader; and, as he grew older, he delighted to take part in any


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154 old custom of destroying the buildings at the death of their owners has practically disappeared, but its retarding influence upon architectural development continued throughout the aboriginal period.

Usually but one family occupies a single dwelling, though sometimes two and even three related families live together. If there are two, their sleeping mats are placed on each side of the entrance, so that in sleeping the heads may be toward the east, the door being on that side in order that the inmates may rise early to greet the Day god as he appears over the distant summits of the Sierra Tortilla. A more practical motive for placing the doors on the east side is to avoid the southwest winds which blow in the afternoon during nearly the entire year and which are especially strong during the month of March. The wind usually begins to blow at about 10 in the morning and increases to a velocity of 10 miles an hour by mid-afternoon, after which it decreases until midnight.

The general plan of the house is shown in the accompanying diagram, (fig. 76). The central supporting framework is usually entirely of cottonwood, though other timber is sometimes used. The lighter framework shown in plate, a, is of willow, on which is laid the arrowwood, cattail reeds, wheat straw, cornstalks, or similar material that supports the outer layer of earth.

The roof is supported by four crotched posts set in the ground 3 or 4 m. apart, with two heavy beams in the crotches. Lighter cross poles are laid on the last, completing the central framework. Light willow poles are set half a meter in the ground around the periphery of the circle, their tops are bent in to lap over the central roof poles, and horizontal stays are lashed to them with willow bark. The frame is then ready for the covering of brush or straw. Although earth is heaped upon the roof to a depth of 15 or 20 cm. it does not render it entirely waterproof. When finished the ki is very strong and capable of withstanding heavy gales or supporting the weight of the people who may gather on the roof during festivals.

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 Might it not have been supposed that we were in the old house on the Königstrasse; that I had just come down quietly to my breakfast, and that my marriage with Gretchen was to take place that very day? My uncle's coolness was exasperating.

Alas, considering how the tempest had driven us in an easterly direction, we had passed under the whole of Germany, under the city of Hamburg where I had been so happy, under the very street which contained all I loved and cared for in the world. It was a positive fact that I was only separated from her by a distance of forty leagues. But these forty leagues were of hard impenetrable granite! All these dreary and miserable reflections passed through my mind, before I attempted to answer my uncle's question.

"Why, what is the matter?" he cried, "cannot you say whether you have slept well or not?"

"I have slept very well," was my reply, "but every bone in my body aches. I suppose that will lead to nothing."

"Nothing at all, my boy. It is only the result of the fatigue of the last few days—that is all."

"You appear—if I may be allowed to say so—to be very jolly this morning," I said.

"Delighted, my dear boy, delighted. Was never happier in my life. We have at last reached the wished-for port."

"The end of our expedition?" cried I, in a tone of considerable surprise.

"No; but to the confines of that sea which I began to fear would never end, but go round the whole world. We will now tranquilly resume our journey by land, and once again endeavor to dive into the center of the Earth."

"My dear uncle," I began, in a hesitating kind of way, "allow me to ask you one question?"

"Certainly, Harry; a dozen if you think proper."

"One will suffice. How about getting back?" I asked.

"How about getting back? What a question to ask. We have not as yet reached the end of our journey."

"I know that. All I want to know is, how you propose we shall manage the return voyage?"

"In the most simple manner in the world," said the imperturbable Professor. "Once we reach the exact center of this sphere, either we shall find a new road by which to


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 ascend to the surface, or we shall simply turn round and go back by the way we came. I have every reason to believe that while we are traveling forward, it will not close behind us."

"Then one of the first matters to see to will be to repair the raft," was my rather melancholy response.

"Of course. We must attend to that above all things," continued the Professor.

"Then comes the all-important question of provisions," I urged. "Have we anything like enough left to enable us to accomplish such great, such amazing, designs as you contemplate carrying out?"

"I have seen into the matter, and my answer is in the affirmative. Hans is a very clever fellow, and has saved the greater part of the cargo. But the best way to satisfy your scruples, is to come and judge for yourself." Saying which, he led the way out of the kind of open grotto in which we had taken shelter. I had almost begun to hope that which I should rather have feared, the impossibility of such a shipwreck leaving even the slightest signs of what it had carried as freight.

As soon as I reached the shores of this inland sea, I found Hans standing gravely in the midst of a large number of things laid out in complete order. My uncle wrung his hands with deep and silent gratitude. His heart was too full for speech. This man, whose superhuman devotion to his employers, I never saw surpassed, nor even equaled, had been hard at work all the time we slept, and at the risk of his life had succeeded in saving the most precious articles of our cargo.

Of course, under the circumstances, we necessarily experienced several severe losses. Our weapons had wholly vanished. But experience had taught us to do without them. The provision of powder had, however, remained intact, after having narrowly escaped blowing us all to atoms in the storm.

"Well," said the Professor, who was now ready to make the best of everything, "as we have no guns, all we have to do is to give up all idea of hunting."

"Yes, my dear sir, we can do without them, but what about all our instruments?"

"Here is the manometer, the most useful of all, which


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 I gladly accept in lieu of the rest. With it alone I can calculate the depth as we proceed; by its means alone I shall be able to decide when we have reached the center of the earth. Ha, ha! but for this little instrument we might make a mistake, and run the risk of coming out at the antipodes!" All this was said amid bursts of unnatural laughter.

"But the compass," I cried, "without that what can we do?"

"Here it is safe and sound!" he cried, with real joy, "ah, ah, and here we have the chronometer and the thermometers. Hans the hunter is indeed an invaluable man!"

It was impossible to deny this fact. As far as the nautical and other instruments were concerned, nothing was wanting. Then on further examination, I found ladders, cords, pickaxes, crowbars, and shovels, all scattered about on the shore. "But what are we to do for food?" I asked.

"Let us see to the commissariat department," replied my uncle gravely. The boxes which contained our supply of food for the voyage were placed in a row along the strand, and proved in a capital state of preservation; the sea had in every case respected their contents. Taking into consideration, biscuits, salt meat, schiedam and dried fish, we could still calculate on having about four months' supply, if used with prudence and caution.

"Four months," cried the sanguine Professor, in high glee, "then we shall have plenty of time both to go and to come, and with what remains I undertake to give a grand dinner to my colleagues of the Johanneum."

I sighed. I should by this time have used myself to the temperament of my uncle, and yet this man astonished me more and more every day. He was the greatest human enigma I ever had known.

"Now," said he, "before we do anything else we must lay in a stock of fresh water. The rain has fallen in abundance, and filled the hollows of the granite. There is a rich supply of water, and we have no fear of suffering from thirst, which in our circumstances is of the last importance. As for the raft, I shall recommend Hans to repair it to the best of his abilities; though I have every reason to believe we shall not require it again."


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 "How is that?" I cried, more amazed than ever at my uncle's style of reasoning.

"I have an idea, my dear boy; it is none other than this simple fact: we shall not come out by the same opening as that by which we entered."

I began to look at my uncle with vague suspicion. An idea had more than once taken possession of me; and this was, that he was going mad. Little did I think how true and prophetic his words were doomed to be.

"And now," he said, "having seen to all these matters of detail, to breakfast." I followed him to a sort of projecting cape, after he had given his last instructions to our guide. In this original position, with dried meat, biscuit, and a delicious cup of tea, we made a satisfactory meal—I may say one of the most welcome and pleasant I ever remember. Exhaustion, the keen atmosphere, the state of calm after so much agitation, all contributed to give me an excellent appetite. Indeed, it contributed very much to producing a pleasant and cheerful state of mind.

While breakfast was in hand, and between the sips of warm tea, I asked my uncle if he had any idea of how we now stood in relation to the world above. "For my part," I added, "I think it will be rather difficult to determine."

"Well, if we were compelled to fix the exact spot," said my uncle, "it might be difficult, since during the three days of that awful tempest I could keep no account either of the quickness of our pace, or of the direction in which the raft was going. Still, we will endeavor to approximate to the truth. We shall not, I believe, be so very far out."

"Well, if I recollect rightly," I replied, "out last observation was made at the Geyser island."

"Harry's Island, my boy! Harry's Island. Do not decline the honor of having named it; given your name to an island discovered by us, the first human beings who trod it since the creation of the world!"

"Let it be so, then. At Harry's Island we had already gone over two hundred and seventy leagues of sea, and we were, I believe, about six hundred leagues, more or less, from Iceland."

"Good. I am glad to see that you remember so well. Let us start from that point, and let us count four days of storm, during which our rate of traveling must have been


text:
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Rh they went. On the seventh day they came to the land of the nomadic Bashkirs. Everything there was exactly as the merchant had said. The Bashkirs dwelt in the steppe by a river's side, in kibitki, or felt-covered wagons. They ploughed no fields, and ate no bread; but they drove cattle along the steppes, and whole herds of horses. Behind the kibitki the foals were fastened up. The mares were driven thither twice a day and milked, and from the milk the Bashkirs made koumiss. The old women beat the milk to make cheese of it, but it was not the sort of cheese the Russian muzhiks knew how to make. The men drank tea and koumiss, ate sheep's flesh, and played on the flute. All of them were sleek and light-hearted, and feasted all the year round. It was a swarthy race, knowing no Russian, but given largely to hospitality. The instant they saw Palchom, the Bashkirs came out of their kibitki and surrounded the stranger. An interpreter chanced to be there. Pakhom told him he had come for land. The Bashkirs were delighted, seized hold of Pakhom, haled him away into the best of the kibitki, set him down on a carpet, placed beneath him soft, downy cushions, and regaled him with tea and koumiss. Then they cut a sheep to pieces and gave him mutton. Pakhom sent to his tarantass (a light car with long shafts) for his presents, and distributed them among the Bashkirs. At this the Bashkirs were till more delighted They chatted away amongst themselves and bade the interpreter speak to Pakhom.

"They bid me tell you," said the interpreter, "that they've taken a fancy to you, and 'tis their custom to 91


text:
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ONVOLVULUS, FIELD. Class 5,. Order:. This small pink flower rejoices in as many titles as any royal prince, for it is so common and so troublesome, as to have made itself a name in all rural vocabularies; among others, it is known as Weed-bind, Rope-weed, Bell-bind, Bell-wind, With-wind, and Hedgebells.

title: Page:Floras Lexicon-1840.djvu/78


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Tales from Tolstoi grant the desires of their guests, and give back gifts for gifts. You have given us gifts, speak now! what thing of ours does your heart desire that we may give it you?"

"What I like best of all," replied Pakhom, "is your land. With us there is a scarcity of land, and what there is of it is exhausted, but with you there is much land and good. I have never seen the like of it before."

The interpreter interpreted. The Bashkirs talked away among themselves. Pakhom did not understand what they were saying, but he could see that they were vastly amused at something, for they laughed heartily. At last they grew quiet and looked at Pakhom, and the interpreter spoke again.

"They bid me tell you," said he, "that for your goodness to them they will be glad to give you as much land as you desire. Only point out with your hand what you like best, and it is yours!"

Again they began talking among themselves, and some sort of a dispute arose. Pakhom asked what they were disputing about.

The interpreter replied, "Some of them say you must ask the chief about the land, as without him nothing can be done; but the others say it can be done very well without him."

So the Bashkirs went on wrangling, when suddenly a man in a fox-skin cap came up. They were all still in a moment, and rose to their feet. 92


text: Flora's Lexicon/Convolvulus, Field

title: Flora's Lexicon/Convolvulus, Field


text:
Page:The Pima Indians.pdf/160

] Lieutenant Emory estimated the size of the ki at from 25 to 50 feet in diameter, which is much too high. From 10 to 25 feet would have been much nearer the true diameter. The average dimensions are as follows:

The absence of a smoke hole is noteworthy, as it is almost universally present in primitive dwellings. Its absence can not be explained by the fact that the mildness of the climate permits the Pimas to spend most of their time in the open air and build their fires outside, because in winter fires are maintained within to such an extent that the roofs become loaded with masses of soot. It would seem probable that the roofs were not provided with openings in order that the houses might be as little open to the attack of the Apaches as possible were it not for the fact that the Cocopas and others living southwest of the Pimas build huts similarly devoid of smoke vents, which suggests that the Pimas have come from that quarter where the torrid heat renders indoor fires unnecessary at any season. The doorways were low and narrow for the same reason (60 by 90 cm. in size). They were closed by pieces of old blankets (pl., b), by slats woven together with rawhide, or by loose sticks of wood (pl. , e, f).

In each village a low rectangular council house afforded a meeting place for the men and at times the women also of the community. Rev. C.H. Cook informs the writer that he has addressed an audience of as many as 80 persons in one of these houses, all bending low to avoid the smoke. The last council house was destroyed at Pé-eptcĭlt in January, 1902.

Another form of dwelling place was the woman's menstrual lodge, which was a mere shelter of branches to afford protection from the sun.

The fourth type of dwelling is the arbor, or, as some of the early writers termed it, 'the bower.' It is a cottonwood framework supported by crotched posts, roofed with arrowwood and earth, affording a shade from the sun, from which protection is desirable during

title: Page:The Pima Indians.pdf/160


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 of the region where the eclipse is total. Since the shadow of the moon passes across the earth at the furious rate of 1300 miles an hour, a total eclipse of the sun lasts for only a few minutes,—and for this length of time, short as it is, some thanks is due to the fact that the earth, in revolving upon its axis, carries the observer and the ground upon which he stands along the same direction in which the shadow is moving. Total eclipses are of extremely rare occurrence and only happen about once in every three hundred years for any selected spot on the earth's surface.

An interesting description of a total eclipse may be found in Flammarion's "Astronomy for Amateurs":

title: Page:The Music of the Spheres.djvu/234


text:
Page:The Net of Faith.pdf/315

54*

We began our study by showing how the apostles established the first Christians in faith through the perfection of the law of God which is set apart from the pagan laws administered by temporal powers. This is evident from the things taught by Christ's law when evil arises among faithful Christians, such as the appearance of adversaries, defilers and heretics, among their own ranks. Christ's commandment says that such should be instructed, admonished, and reprimanded for the purpose of rehabilitation. And Jesus Christ wisely teaches that this be done confidentially, between him that admonishes and the guilty brother. If he listens and accepts the admonition, says Lord Jesus, (the admonisher) has gained a brother.

If he refuses to listen to them, tell it to the whole church of the faithful, for the multitude may cause him to feel shame and, convinced by the truth of their arguments, he may be won over. And if he refuses to listen even to this multitude Matthew 18: 15–17,.

title: Page:The Net of Faith.pdf/315


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156 the greater part of the year. The roof furnishes a convenient place for drying squashes, melons, fruit, and, in the old days, cotton, where the dogs and poultry can not disturb them. Under its shade the olla of drinking water is set in a crotched post or is suspended from above by a maguey fiber net. Here two parallel ropes may be hung and a cloth folded back and forth upon itself across them, thus forming an impromptu hammock in which to swing the baby. Here the metate and mortar are usually seen, and here the women sit and weave baskets or perform such other labor as may be done at home. It is the living room throughout the day the year around, and now that the fear of Apaches has gone it is becoming the sleeping place as well. From a hygienic point of view it is a great pity that the Pimas are learning to build adobes, for the tendency is for them to live indoors and to abandon the healthful arbors, every inch of whose floors is purified by a burning sun that throws its sterilizing rays well under the arbor during the morning and afternoon. Tuberculosis is present in nearly every family, and it is difficult, if not impossible, for the agency physician to induce those stricken with it to remain out of doors; they invariably confine themselves within the bacilli-laden dwellings. The arbor is kept well swept and clean, as is the entire yard about the house, so that a more healthful habitation could not be devised. Occasionally one or mere sides of it may be inclosed with arrowwood through which the cool breezes readily find their way.

Beside each dwelling will be found a rectangular storehouse built with a framework of about the same shape and size as the arbor, but with walls of upright okatilla trunks or cactus ribs. The large bush, Baccharis glutenosa, is often used for this purpose. It is seen in its natural state in plate, b; also surrounding the unit figure in plate and forming the walls of the storehouse in plate , f. Plate, b, illustrates the okatilla, Fouquiera splendens, as it grows on the mesas within 2 miles of Sacaton. Each stem is crowned with a brilliant spray of scarlet flowers. Plate, d, shows the framework of a storehouse at the right and the finished wall of arrow bush in the center. Plate, e, is a complete storehouse with arrowwood bins for mesquite beans on the roof. Sometimes mud or adobe is added to the walls, which renders the structure equivalent to the Mexican jacal. The most noticeable feature is the door, made by piling up a great heap of unwieldy logs before the opening.

While not to be dignified by the name of house or dwelling, the Pima kitchen is an extremely practical affair, as will be realized by anyone who attempts to cook on an open fire exposed to storms. Plates, b, and show the manner of arranging these windbreaks, for they are nothing more. In exposed situations the sand

title: Page:The Pima Indians.pdf/161


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Professor Moulton in his "Astronomy" gives another splendid description:

In "New Astronomy," Langley tells of the sensations of an observer as the moon's shadow passes furiously on its way:

On June 8th, 1918, September 10, 1923, and on January 24th, 1925, many people in the United States were privileged to view the wonderful spectacle of a total eclipse. Scientists came from all over the world to witness the solar eclipse of 1923, for not only was it visible from an attractive corner of our country at a pleasant time of the year, but the sun was at a convenient altitude for observation. Many photographs were taken of the great flaming corona, some even from airplanes.

title: Page:The Music of the Spheres.djvu/235


text:
Page:The Net of Faith.pdf/317

55* and scorns its admonition, let him be to you as a Gentile and a flagrant sinner, avoid him, and have no hristian fellowship with him. With the same reasoning Saint Paul says:

He forbids associating, eating and drinking with them; that is, he commands us to segregate ourselves from them And he speaks also of loafers, and busybodies who are not busy; do not associate with them, but let them keep quiet and earn their own bread they have to eat. Let no one look after somebody else's bread.

All these things are based on Christ's purity and perfection which the apostles have promulgated among the early Christians who lived simply on the foundation of Christ's words. It must be apparent to all wise men that Christ's perfection is preached to a fallen human generation – fallen because of the pagan rule of the kings of earthly realms and (their) civil administrators. Yet, as was said before, malefactors cannot be compelled to punishment for their sins, nor is vengeance I-Corinthians 5: 9–11.

2-Thessalonians 3:11–12.

title: Page:The Net of Faith.pdf/317


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 Although people now travel halfway across the earth in order to be able to witness an eclipse, in olden days such an occasion was marked by the greatest terror. To the ancients they were without the order of nature, and in Rome, at one time, it was blasphemy, and punishable by law, to talk publicly of their being due to natural causes.

The Chaldeans believed the sun and moon to be black on the hidden side, and upon the displeasure of the Gods, the darkened

title: Page:The Music of the Spheres.djvu/236


text: Index:Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire vol 2 (1896).djvu


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] in time accumulates in a drift of sufficient height to require a change of location. Not all families have such a kitchen, and there is reason to believe that it has been adopted from neighboring tribes in recent years.

The description of Pima clothing need not he long. Throughout fully three-fourths of the year clothing for protection is quite unnecessary in that region, and that worn in winter was of the simplest character. The history of Pima clothing may be divided into four periods, namely: The first, in which natural products, little modified, were employed; the second, in which native textiles were introduced; the third, in which more or less remote imitations of Mexican costumes were in vogue; and the present period, when very plain and serviceable clothing is purchased from the whites.

In primitive times the men wore breech-cloths (pl., a, b) and the women kilts that fell to the knee, both made of the soft and flexible inner bark of the willow, which is used by some among the Colorado River tribes to the present day. During the brief season when the temperature approached the freezing point at night the men wore deerskin shirts, and when abroad upon stony trails encased their feet in red-dyed moccasins, also of deerskin. For protection at home both sexes wore rawhide sandals, which appear to Caucasian eyes all too scant protection for the feet. where nature arms most species, animate or inanimate alike, with tooth and claw.

After the adoption of the art of weaving, the cotton blanket was worn in winter, and in summer also by the women, who girded it, doubled, around their waists with maguey cords, neatly woven belts, or merely tucked one edge within the other. When the winds from the sacred caves blew cold upon their shoulders they were shielded by the outer fold of blanket, which was drawn up around the neck; at least by all save the widow, who dared not raise the blanket above the armpits during the period of mourning. Plate illustrates the mode of wearing this garment. As the blanket hung to the knees it might be converted by the men into baggy trousers by looping a cord from the girdle behind down between the legs and drawing it up in front. Some there were too poor or too strongly beset by the passion for gambling long to retain the single fabric that served for clothing by day and bedding by night, and they were compelled to resort to the bark garments of the ancients. Another material avail-

title: Page:The Pima Indians.pdf/162


text:
Page:The Net of Faith.pdf/319

56* allowed upon them; through brotherly love alone can they be brought to repentance and redeemed. This is the plain good news which proclaims that a sinner can again obtain divine grace after he had lost it through his sinning; yea, he can even be saved while, on the contrary, civil administration everywhere administers death to men for such offences, without giving them (a chance) to reform.

The confused people of this world act so badly that, while they bemoan iniquities and material damages, they are ready to murder human beings on their account. This killing of humans is the way of the people of the world, who love the world, who pity the world for all the wrongs that befall it. Yet they can have no communion with Christ. In the first Christian community, however, if brotherly love mended not the way of the guilty, the people did not associate with him, eschewing him. If they were unable to help him and to move him to repentance, still they caused him no evil by adding murder to his sins. They separated themselves from him, remaining without guilt. But the heathenish civil administration does just the opposite: it does nothing good for evil, all it cares about is to murder the evil one, and to throw the burden of his sins on those who render evil for evil.

Matthew 18: 15–17,.

I-Corinthians 5: 9–11.

2-Thessalonians 3:11–12.

title: Page:The Net of Faith.pdf/319


text:
Page:Eden Paul and Cedar Paul - Communism (1921).pdf/24

THE GOVERNMENT OF EGYPT. By

BIG NAVIES AND CHEAP LABOUR.

THE CONTROL OF INDUSTRY.

THE GOVERNMENT OF IRELAND.

THE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA.

THE LABOUR INTERNATIONAL HANDBOOK.

THE TYRANNY OF THE COUNTRYSIDE.

THE LAW RELATING TO TRADE UNIONS.

THE BOLO BOOK. Edited by G. D. H. and A book of Satirical Verse. Paper Boards 3/6.

I. THE CIVIL WAR IN FRANCE. Together with Two other Manifestos by Introduction by  Paper 3/–.

II. THE LAST HUNDRED DAYS OF ENGLISH FREEDOM. By Introduction by


text: Page:The Music of the Spheres.djvu/237

title: Page:The Music of the Spheres.djvu/237


text:
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 side was turned to the earth thus causing an eclipse. Many people among the European nations covered their wells and fountains for fear that the water would become contaminated by the poisonous, mists which arose during an eclipse. The notion was probably due to the fact that the drop in temperature is often accompanied by a fall of dew.

The Peruvians thrashed dogs during an eclipse so that their howling would keep evil spirits away, and for the same reason, the Romans beat their pots and pans, lifted up torches and fire-brands into the air. The people of the Northern nations also created a great din, for they imagined that the sun was pursued by fierce wolves (Skoll and Hati), who tried to swallow their brilliant prey so that the world would return to its primeval darkness.

Crooke, in "Popular Religion and Folk-Lore," says that

It is said that at such times the rivers are covered with human heads.

Some barbarian tribes imagined that when the sun or moon began to lose its light, the orb was sickening under the arts of a wicked magician and they danced and screamed and beat their tomtoms in a wild frenzy so that the wicked one might become afraid and steal away. The well-known idea of the Chinese, however, is the most interesting of all, for there are records showing that for several thousand years these people believed that an eclipse was caused by the attempt on the part of a huge black dragon to seize the burning ball and swallow it. The dread of

title: Page:The Music of the Spheres.djvu/238


text: Page:FY2023-Consolidated-Annual-Report-UAP-Oct2023.pdf/1


text:
Page:4SIGHT manual- a computer program for modelling degradation of underground low level waste concrete vaults (IA 4sightmanualcomp5612snyd).pdf/129

54. ION TRANSPORT '''54. Ion transport.'''

⟨Function declarations 23⟩ $$+\equiv$$ void ion-diffusion (void);

55. ion-diffusion.

void ion-diffusion {   int i, j, k   real cation_flux [10][NUM_SURFACES], anion.flux [10][NUM_SURFACES], upper_limit=$$5.0\cdot10^{+04}$$, lower_limit = 5.0\codt10^{+03}, max_flux_ratio; real tmp.cation [10][NUM_SURFACES], tmp.anion [10][NUM_SURFACES]; $$\Delta X$$[FIRST_CELL] = (real) (FIRST.CELL+1) - sulfate-depth; max_flux.ratio = 0.0; for(i = 0; i < num-cations ; i++) { for(k=FIRST.CELL + 1; k < NUM.SURFACES - 1; k++) { cation_flux [i].c[k] = cation[i].$$\eta$$ * (\xi[k] * cation [i].c[k + 1]- cation[i].c[k])/\$$Delta X$$[k]-$$\eta$$[k-1]* (cation[i].c[k]-cation[i].c[k-1])/$$\Delta X$$[k-1])/(0.5 * ($$\Delta X$$[k] + $$\Delta X$$[k-1]));      cation_flux[i][k]-=(1./$$\phi'^n$$[k])*v[k]*((cation[i].c[k+1]-cation[i].c[k-1])/($$\Delta X$$[k]+($$\Delta X$$[k-1])); if(cation[i].c[k]>0.0) max_flux_ratio=MAX(max_flux_ration,$$\Delta T$$*cation_flux[i][k]/cation[i].c[k]); } }  for( j=0; j < num_anions; j++) { for (k = FIRST_CELL_1; k < NUM_SURFACES-1; k++) { anion_flux[j][k]=anion[j].$$\eta$$*($$\xi$$[k] *(anion[j].c[k+1]- anion[j].c[k])/$$\Delta X$$[k]-$$\eta$$[k-1]*(anion[j].c[k]-anion[j].c[k-1]/$$\Delta X$$[k-1])/(0.5*($$\Delta X$$[k]+$$\Delta X$$[k-1]));     anion_flux[j][k]-=(1.$$\phi'^n$$v[k] *((anion[j].c[k+1]-anion[j].c[k-1])/(\Delta X)[k]+$$\Delta X$$[k-1]))); if (anion[j].c[k]>0.0) max_flux_ratio = MAX (max_flux_ratio, $$\Delta T$$ * anion_flux[j][k]/anion[j].c[k]); } }  if(max_flux_ration > upper_limt) $$\Delta T$$*= upper_limit/max_flux_ratio; if(max_flux_ration < lower_limt) $$\Delta T$$*= upperlower [sic]_limit/max_flux_ratio; for(k= FIRST_CELL+1; k<NUM_SURFACES-1;k++) { for(i=0; i< num_cations; i++) cation[i].c[k]+=$$\delta T$$*cation_flux[i][k]; for(j=0; j< num_cations; j++) cation[j].c[k]+=$$\delta T$$*cation_flux[j][k]; } k=NUM_SURFACES-1; for(i=0;i<num_cations;i++) cation[i].c[k]=cation[i].c[k-1] for(j=0;j<num_cations;j++) cation[j].c[k]=cation[j].c[k-1] for(i=0;i< num_cations; i++) for(k=FIRST_CELL; k < NUM_SURFACES; k++) cation[i].moles[k]=cation[i].c[k] * litre[k]*$$\Delta X$$[k]; for(j=0;i< num_anions; j++) for(k=FIRST_CELL; k < NUM_SURFACES; k++) anion[i].moles[k]=anion[i].c[k] * litre[k]*$$\Delta X$$[k]; }


text: Page:Eden Paul and Cedar Paul - Communism (1921).pdf/1


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160

Finger nails were bitten off when they reached a troublesome length. The nails of the toes received little attention, and in old persons to-day they are seen of inordinate length, curled over the ends of the toes.

Many brown teeth were seen, but no satisfactory information was obtained as to the cause. All agreed that the red berry of Licium fremontii would temporarily blacken the teeth, but as the Kwahadkʽs and Papagos, who do not eat this berry, have the darkened teeth, some other cause must be sought. Rumex berlandieri, Rumex hymenosepalus, and a thorny weed called by the Pimas sâitûkam iavak are also said to blacken the teeth. Charcoal was used to clean the teeth before the advent of the whites, and the practice is still continued.

In bags of deerskin or cloth (fig. 77,a, b) bright-hued ochers, and other minerals were kept with which to paint the face and body. Baby Pima had his face painted immediately after birth with red ocher mixed with his mother's milk "to improve his skin." Thereafter the paint was mixed with grease or the grease was applied to the skin first and the paint was added. In cold weather the grease and color were applied to prevent chapping and even for the sake of warmth. Usually the

title: Page:The Pima Indians.pdf/165


text: Communism (Paul)

title: Communism (Paul)


text: Page:The Works of Lord Byron (ed. Coleridge, Prothero) - Volume 3.djvu/144


text:
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57*

When we look at the first Christians we see that they were sufficiently grounded in faith in accordance with the law of Christ. For this law is of itself quite sufficient and adequate for a redeeming administration of God's people; indeed, only through the exercise of this law can there be brought to the people of God that true innocence which God loves in them; holding to this law they will unflinchingly seek Him with all their heart and cultivate justice and love for all peoples, be they friends or enemies, wishing no one ill or injury, and if same were done to them by others, they will suffer it without revenge, not returning evil for evil to either friend or foe, for in all this consists the doctrine of Christ. And if there are some who do not desire to hold fast to these things, they are not righteous in the sight of God.

It is improbable therefore that the worldly people who love the world and desire to live for the things of this world would pay allegiance to this law. They must give up completely the world who want to abide by the law. The first congregations of God have prospered in the law of Christ because they have

title: Page:The Net of Faith.pdf/321


text:
Page:Coalition of Clergy, Lawyers, and Professors v. Bush.pdf/7

 by intruders or uninvited meddlers, styling themselves next friends. United States ex rel. Bryant v. Houston, 273 F. 915, 916 (2d Cir.1921); see also Rosenberg v. United States, 346 U.S. 273, 291–92, 73 S.Ct. 1152, 97 L.Ed. 1607 (1953) (denying stranger the right to bring petition on behalf of the Rosenbergs, because there was no authorization); United States ex rel. Toth v. Quarles, 350 U.S. 11, 13 n. 3, 76 S.Ct. 1, 100 L.Ed. 8 (1955) (granting next-friend standing to sister on behalf of prisoner in Korea); Gilmore v. Utah, 429 U.S. 1012, 1013–14, 97 S.Ct. 436, 50 L.Ed.2d 632 (1976) (recognizing, for purposes of stay, next-friend standing of mother on behalf of prisoner); Evans v. Bennett, 440 U.S. 1301, 99 S.Ct. 1481, 59 L.Ed.2d 756 (1979) (Rehnquist, Circuit Justice) (recognizing, for purposes of stay, next-friend standing of mother on behalf of prisoner); Hamilton v. Texas, 485 U.S. 1042, 1042, 108 S.Ct. 1761, 100 L.Ed.2d 187 (1988) (recognizing next-friend standing of mother on behalf of prisoner); Demosthenes v. Baal, 495 U.S. 731, 735, 110 S.Ct. 2223, 109 L.Ed.2d 762 (1990) (denying next-friend standing to parents on behalf of prisoner, when there was no showing of mental incompetence); Vargas v. Lambert, 159 F.3d 1161, 1163 (9th Cir.1998) (granting next-friend standing to mother on behalf of prisoner); Hamdi v. Rumsfeld, 296 F.3d 278, 281 (4th Cir.2002) (granting next-friend standing to father on behalf of son) (“Hamdi II”).

The practice of allowing next-friend standing also had been long recognized in our Circuit before it was enacted into the habeas statute. In 1928, we considered an application for a writ of habeas corpus that was not signed by the person in custody, but was “made on behalf and at the request of [the prisoner].” Collins v. Traeger, 27 F.2d 842, 843 (9th Cir.1928). On appeal, the state argued that the application, signed by someone other than the person in custody, was defective. We saw the defect, if any, as merely procedural, and since no previous objection had been made, the issue was not preserved for appeal. Id. But we also explained that, under the circumstances, it was implied that the “petition may be made and verified by a person authorized to act on behalf of the one restrained of his liberty.” Id. Moreover, such a position was “supported … by the weight of authority.” Id. (citing Bryant, 273 F. at 916; Dostal, 243 F. at 668; Watchorn, 164 F. at 153).

The Supreme Court surveyed the development of the next-friend doctrine in Whitmore, both at common law and under the federal habeas statute, concluding: "“[N]ext friend” standing is by no means granted automatically to whomever seeks to pursue an action on behalf of another. Decisions applying the habeas corpus statute have adhered to at least two firmly rooted prerequisites for “next friend” standing. First, a “next friend” must provide an adequate explanation—such as inaccessibility, mental incompetence, or other disability—why the real party in interest cannot appear on his own behalf to prosecute the action. Second, the “next friend” must be truly dedicated to the best interests of the person on whose behalf he seeks to litigate, and it has been further suggested that a “next friend” must have some significant relationship with the real party in interest. The burden is on the “next friend” clearly to establish the propriety of his status and thereby justify the jurisdiction of the court."

Whitmore, 495 U.S. at 163–64, 110 S.Ct. 1717 (citations omitted).

We have subsequently described the two-pronged Whitmore inquiry as follows: In order to establish next-friend standing, the putative next friend must show: (1) that the petitioner is unable to


text: Page:FY2023-Consolidated-Annual-Report-UAP-Oct2023.pdf/2


text:
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58* completely abandoned pagan errors as well as Jewish unbelief and all vanities of this world; and lo, they grew in spiritual prosperity and increased in numbers of just followers in spite of all lawless adversities of the civil administration, even carrying on without the law of the highest priest, but simply governing themselves by the law of Christ.

But later, when the two other laws were added, namely the temporal and the papal law, the Christian society immediately deteriorated in its quality and perished. They who write chronicles are stressing this, and we see it with our own bare eyes that these two laws are the most injurious corruption intent upon killing the faith and the law of God. Therefore we of this generation, sitting as it were under the shadow of these laws, discuss weakly the law of God or His rule, because the darkness of the se laws has befogged our eyes. And so, groping our way in the dark we guess and wonder: if the doctrine of Christ be sufficient by itself, without the addition of human laws, can it restore here on earth the full Christian religion? We ask this in fear, and with trembling we affirm it because this law of Christ was adequate to institute a Christian humanity with all his disciples and without the admixture of human institutions.

By the same token this law is not less effective today than it was in that era, nor is it weakened by resistance of

title: Page:The Net of Faith.pdf/323


text:
Page:4SIGHT manual- a computer program for modelling degradation of underground low level waste concrete vaults (IA 4sightmanualcomp5612snyd).pdf/131

56. CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM '''56. Chemical equilibrium.'''

Given the number density of ions in a computational element, determine if any of the ions should go in to/out of solution. Determine the pH and adjust H and OH, accordingly.

⟨Function declarations 23⟩$$+\equiv$$ void chemical_equilibrium (boolean);

57. Minimizing function. This is the function to minimize for the chemical_equilibrium routine. The objective of chemical-equilibrium is to determine how many moles of salt should be leached/precipitated. Therefore, minfunc must adjust for the pore volume. The equation minfunc is minimizing the square of

$$\left [ C+ \frac{mx}{V} \right ]^m \left [ C+ \frac{nx}{V} \right ]^n - k_sp = 0$$

where $$x$$ is moles salt, $$m$$ and $$n$$ are stoichiometric ratios, and $$V$$ is the pore solution volume,

real minfunc(real, int, int, int); real minfunc(real x,int i,int j,int k) { real C, A;   int m, n;    m = sol_array[i][j].m    n = soLarray[i][j].n    C = cation[i].c[k]-, A = anion [j].c[k]-, return SQR(potr(C+m*x/(litre[k] * $$\Delta X$$[k]),m) * pow(A + n * x/(litre[k] * $$\Delta X$$[k]), n) — sol-array [i][j].ksp); }

58. chemical_equilibrium. Cycle through sol.array and determine if any ions should go in to/out of solution based upon the concentration, the solubility constant, and the presence of solid salt.

void chemical-equilibrium (boolean Change_Porosity) { int i, j, k, n, m, iterations; real w_max $$\delta$$; real xa, xb, xc, fa, fb, fc, moles, tmp; real dsolid; real $$\delta$$ litre;  /* change in pore volume */ real old_cOH; real charge,temp; boolean NEG_FLAG; for (k= FIRST_CELL+1; k< NUM.SURFACES; k++) { iterations = 0; do { w_max = 0.0; for (j=0; j < num-amons j++) { for (i =0; i < num-cations-, i++) { if ($$\lnot$$(i$$\equiv$$0$$\land$$j $$\equiv$$0)) {
 * 1) defineTOL $$1.0\cdot 10^-06$$


text:
Page:The Net of Faith.pdf/325

59* many, but rather all the more strengthened. And so it is always sufficient. FurthemoreFurthermore [sic], the sufficiency of Christ's law was not exhausted by the behavior of rebellious people in the original holy Church; on the contrary, it was always adequate to convert multitudes to the apostolic life and no one can be converted except through this law. Therefore, if the law was sufficient to convert unbelievers to faith, it is all the more adequate to reform life and morals as this is much easier. For this reason the law of Christ was sufficient in itself to establish as well as to maintain the whole church of God in every material and spiritual aspect. And the rule of Christ's religion is better than the rule of human admixtures. Who then, will deny that the bride of Christ is more perfect and according to the law of God, than were she nurtured by the admixtures of human laws which are as poison? Life in God is secure, but if human laws are mixed with it, divine laws become unintelligible, and men finally abandon them. Christ has commanded his bride to keep this law under the penalty of mortal sin; that means, she cannot abandon him or otherwise abolish (his laws) without committing mortal sin.

title: Page:The Net of Faith.pdf/325


text:
Page:Coalition of Clergy, Lawyers, and Professors v. Bush.pdf/8

 his own cause due to mental incapacity, lack of access to court, or other similar disability; and (2) the next friend has some significant relationship with, and is truly dedicated to the best interests of, the petitioner. ''Massie ex rel. Kroll v. Woodford'', 244 F.3d 1192, 1194 (9th Cir.2001).

We first examine whether the Guantanamo Bay detainees are able to litigate their own cause, and then turn to an examination of whether the Coalition has a relationship with any of the detainees sufficient to meet the second prong of Whitmore–Massie.

 * i. Detainees’ inability to litigate own cause.

The first prong of the Whitmore–Massie test, lack of access to the court, has most often been considered a question of mental capacity, usually in the context of an inmate’s capacity to bring his own petition. See, e.g., Massie, 244 F.3d 1192; Vargas, 159 F.3d 1161. In Whitmore, the Supreme Court noted: "[O]ne necessary condition for “next friend” standing in federal court is a showing by the proposed “next friend” that the real party in interest is unable to litigate his own cause due to mental incapacity, lack of access to court, or other similar disability. That pre-requisite for “next friend” standing is not satisfied where … his access to court is otherwise unimpeded."

Whitmore, 495 U.S. at 165, 110 S.Ct. 1717.

The Coalition does not urge that the detainees suffer a mental or physical disability precluding their representation of their interests before the court, rather it argues that the first prong of the Whitmore–Massie test is satisfied because the detainees “appear to be held incommunicado,” and thus are physically blocked from the courts. This hyperbolic argument fails because it lacks support in the record; in fact, the prisoners are not being held incommunicado.

The record shows that the detainees have been visited by members of the International Red Cross and diplomats from their home countries, and have had limited opportunities to write to friends and family members. Family members have filed habeas petitions on the behalf of some detainees, and diplomats from several countries including Pakistan, Kuwait, Australia, and the United Kingdom have made inquiries into the status of the detainees and sought their release. Rasul v. Bush, 215 F.Supp.2d 55, 57 (D.D.C.2002) (“[T]he Court would point out that the notion that these aliens could be held incommunicado from the rest of the world would appear to be inaccurate.”); see also Hamdi II, 296 F.3d at 279 (Father filed a petition for a writ of habeas corpus as next friend of his son, who is detained at the Norfolk Naval Station Brig as an alleged enemy combatant captured during ongoing military operations in Afghanistan.). As noted by the District Court for the District of Columbia, “the government recognizes that these aliens fall within the protections of certain provisions of international law and that diplomatic channels remain an ongoing and viable means to address the claims raised by these aliens.” Rasul, 215 F.Supp.2d at 56–57.


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Page:FY2023-Consolidated-Annual-Report-UAP-Oct2023.pdf/14

 * (U) Analysis of air-traffic control data suggested the objects were likely commercial aircraft transiting known flight corridors between major airports in the region.

(U) Science & Technology Assessment

(U) AARO's S&T partners independently came to the same conclusion.

 * (U) AARO’s S&T partners used boresight analysis to determine that the UAP were commercial aircraft at an altitude of between 20,000 to 40,000 feet at a similar distance.


text:
Page:The Net of Faith.pdf/327

This is the reason why we expound as much as we can, yet still too weakly, the sufficiency of the law of Christ; we pour it on the sores of the wounded ones who are outside the law, having fallen among robbers who stripped them and beat them. Yea, this law shines brightly like a light in the darkness and the apostles announced its sufficiency to this rebellious people of yore. And they succeeded so well that they could say with justification, "Stand firm thus in the Lord, our beloved!" Otherwise, had they not been successful in establishing Christian faith and virtues, they could not have said this. They could not have spoken of standing firm if these people had not been firm at that time. Moreover, this 'standing firm' implies an obligation to hold fast to what they had been taught. That is the great certainty which they proclaimed saying,

Luke 10:30.

John 1:5.

Phil. 4:1

Gal. 1:8f,

title: Page:The Net of Faith.pdf/327


text:
Page:The Net of Faith.pdf/329

61* He would curse not only them but even himself and, yes, even the the angel from heaven if he were to teach otherwise. This places the teaching on a firm foundation and that foundation was given to the early Christians in accordance with the law of Christ. And even a heavenly angel could not have taught it better than the Son of God and the apostles after him. Where the word of the Gospel is accepted, there faith is made sure and the law of God is strengthened.

Those Christian churches stood in the midst of a pagan people, they followed the Gospel teaching, surrounded by great temptations, yet they remained faithful to the apostolic teaching according to Christ for over three hundred years after Christ's ascension. And they prospered in spiritual treasures while they held fast to that teaching. For they excelled in numerous and victorious martyrdoms: for faith suffered all the highest bishops beginning with Peter and ending with Sylvester, and there were thirtyfive of them holding Saint Peter's position; and every one of them, one after another, suffered martyrdom at the hands of Roman princes, and with them a great host of priests and clergymen as well as laymen of both sexes. These all suffered tortures and cruelties with utmost courage until the most terrible death, joyously, for Christ's sake. Nothing but the true foundation of faith is manifested in these perfect

title: Page:The Net of Faith.pdf/329


text:
Page:The Works of Lord Byron (ed. Coleridge, Prothero) - Volume 3.djvu/145

 Notes


text:
Page:The Net of Faith.pdf/331

62* Christian acts. It was this absolute certainty in faith which made them voluntarily undergo martyrdom and any other evil from the world; all we have today is the certainty of a great falling away from faith because of the impatience of priests and lay people.

(Today) all and sundry live in duplicity, inventing stratagems in relation to faith, endeavoring to be included in it in whatever way as long as they can have their fling and fatten their bellies. They are after favors and peace with the world, cajoling it with pleasantries since they do not want to suffer from it in any respect. And so it is that if we compare our present life of faith to that of the early Church it is like putting darkness against light. For this reason have we recalled to our mind those in whom faith was established infallibly through the apostles; let us see now if there are still some Christians willing to return to the ways of the first Church, and to follow its faith without mental reservations, in patience and with sincerity of heart. Luke 10:30.

John 1:5.

Phil. 4:1

Gal. 1:8f,

Phil.3:19.

Phil.3:19.

title: Page:The Net of Faith.pdf/331


text:
File:Screenshot of Page-The New Yorker 0001 1925-02-21.pdf-30 view for discussion.png

Summary
Zoomed out at 67% of normal view. Still looks the same at normal view.


text:
Page:The Works of Lord Byron (ed. Coleridge, Prothero) - Volume 3.djvu/146

 Notes


text:
Page:The Works of Lord Byron (ed. Coleridge, Prothero) - Volume 3.djvu/147

 Notes


text:
Page:4SIGHT manual- a computer program for modelling degradation of underground low level waste concrete vaults (IA 4sightmanualcomp5612snyd).pdf/133

56. CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM      n=sol_array[i][j].n;       m=sol_array[i][j].m;       temp= pow(cation[i].c[k],(double) m) * pow(anion [j].c[k] (double) n); if((sol_array[i][j].s[k]>0.0)$$\lor$$ ( temp > soLarray[i][j].ksp)) { xa=— MIN(cation[i].c[k], anion[j].c[fc])/10.0; xb=—xa xc=0.0; mnbrak(&xa, &xb, &xc, &fa, &fb, &fc, mnifunc, i, j, k); tmp = brent (xa,xb,xc,minfunc,TOL,&moles,i,j,k); if (fabs(moles) > 0.05) moles *= 0.10;   /* no drastic changes */ if (sol_array[i][j].s[k];-moles < 0.0) moles = sol_array [i][j].s[k];  /* insufficient salt */ if (cation[i].moles[k]+m*moles<0.0) moles = -cation[i].moles[k]/m+0.000001; if (anion[j].moles[k]+n*moles<0.0) moles = -anion[i].moles[k]/m+0.000001; $$\Delta$$litre = 0.001 * moles *sol_array[i][j].molar_density/$$\Delta X$$[k]; if (litre[k]+$$\Delta$$<0.0) { $$\Delta$$litre=-litre[k];  /* insufficient  pore space */ moles = $$\Delta$$litre * $$\Delta X$$[k]*1000.0/sol_array[i][j].molar_density; }        cation[i].moles[k]+=m*moles; anion[j].moles[k]+n*moles; if (Change_Porosity$$\equiv$$TRUE) { litre[k]+=$$\Delta$$litre; sol_array[i][j].s[k]-=moles; }          $$\delta$$=fabs(moles); w_max=MAX($$\delta$$,w_max); }      }     }   }   /* readjust the concentrations */ $$\phi'^n$$[k]=1000.0*litre[k]*$$\delta X$$[k]/Vsample; litre[k]=MAX(litre[k],0.0001);  /* avoid zero volume problems */ for (i=0; i < num_cations; i++ ) cation[i].c[k]=cation[i].moles[k]/(litre[k]*$$\delta X$$[k]); for (j=0; i < num_anions; i++ ) anion[j].c[k]=anion[i].moles[k]/(litre[k]*$$\delta X$$[k]); /* Determin [OH] and [H] concentration */   /* store old value */ old_cOH = anion[OH].c[k]; charge=0.0; for (j=1; j < num_anions; j++) charge += anion[j].valence * anion[j].c[k] for (j=1; i < num_anions; i++) charge += cation[j].valence * cation[j].c[k] anion[OH].c[k]=0.5 *(charge+sqrt(SQR(charge)+4.0*sol_arrary[H][OH].ksp)); anion[OH].moles[k]=anion[OH].c[k]*litre[k]*$$\Delta X$$[k]; if (fabs((anion[OH].c[k]=old_cOH)/old_cOH)>1.00) { w_max = 1.0; anion[OH].c[k]=0.5 * (anion[OH].c[k]_old_cOH); anion[OH].moles[k]= anion[OH].c[k]*litre[k]*$$\Delta X$$[k];


text:
Page:The International Socialist Review (1900-1918), Vol. 1, Issue 1.pdf/54

 "voices crying in the wilderness" of American capitalism. The Yankee laughed them to scorn and sneered at their "foreign doctrines." At last there came a time when the prophecies of these early apostles of socialism were realized. The American laborer began to himself feel the suffering that has ever been the lot of the proletarian. Shut out from soil and factory he was made conscious of his enslaved condition.

Then it was that socialism began to grow. Unfortunately we were in the beginning too full of our own conceit to learn from the experience of others. Instead of accepting the doctrines which already had a literature of thousands of volumes, American socialists must perforce walk the whole way from the wildest Utopian nonsense to the developed science. So it has came about that American socialist literature has been a byword and a laughing stock among the socialists of other nations. The most ridiculous books, based upon long exploded errors, have been hailed here as the gospel of a new redemption and been circulated almost by the millions.

But economic development has already forced economic theory to develope beyond this stage and the socialists of America are now beginning to seriously and intelligently study industrial problems. The result has been that there has been a decided improvement in the character of the literature on socialist questions. There is less of the attitude of absolute certainty that whatever is American is prima facia better than anything imported. There is now a willingness to examine into what is going on in other countries and translations are rapidly being made of the leading socialist works of other languages.

Indeed so far has this now gone that there are some signs of what might be called a reaction, in so far that there is a feeling of the inadequacy of translated works for use among American laborers. Socialism is but the philosophy of capitalist development and since it is an undisputed fact that American capitalism is further advanced and more clearly developed than that of any other nation the American socialist may be pardoned if he believes that that capitalism should in time produce the most clear cut and developed socialism. At the very least he knows that illustrations drawn from American experience need be no less scientific and are much more effective for propaganda than those drawn from European experience.

Under these circumstances it is felt that the time is now here when the American socialist movement needs and is able to maintain a magazine of scientific socialism, and the International Socialist Review has been established to fill that need. It will at all times have three principal objects in view. In the first place we shall seek to counteract the sentimental Utopianism that has so long characterized the American movement and give it a dig-


text:
Page:The International Socialist Review (1900-1918), Vol. 1, Issue 1.pdf/55

 nity and accuracy worthy of the position it is destined to attain in the world wide advance toward the commonwealth. In the second place we shall endeavor to keep our readers in touch with the socialist movements in other countries, and through the very able corps of foreign socialist writers and thinkers who have kindly agreed to contribute to this end, bring together each month the work and opinions of the best thought of the world on the philosophy of socialism. Finally, but perhaps most important of all, we shall aim to secure the interpretation of American social conditions in the light of socialist philosophy by the socialists of this country. To do this we invite the of all who feel that they have some contribution to offer to this end. While the editorial policy of the "Review" will be in accordance with the principles now universally accepted by the socialists of the world of independent political action by the laborers upon the basis of a struggle of classes with divergent material interests, with the ultimate object of securing the common ownership by such laborers of the means of production and distribution, nevertheless our columns will be open at all times, as far as space will permit to intelligent students of social questions whether agreeing with this position or not.

It is a characteristic of capitalism, which it shares with all life, that it must grow or die. Resting upon the exploitation of the producing classes, who continuously receive little more than their subsistence, the improvement of productive processes brings to the ruling possessing classes an ever larger mass of unearned products. These cannot be resold to the laborers who produced them. Hence a market is sought among a less highly developed society, where these finished products can be exchanged for raw material. Because England has been fairly successful in this policy she has become the "workshop of the world," and by a careful manipulation of her working class at home and her markets abroad has been able to maintain a semblance of local tranquility while promoting "civilization" in other lands.

Germany's capitalist class trained her workers in her marvelous system of technical schools until they were able to supply their employers with a surplus of goods for this same purpose, and Germany, with Italy, Belgium, France and Austria sought to carry the "torch of civilization" into those places where cheap raw material could be obtained for the goods her workers had created for their employers. No sooner was Russia awakened from her mediaeval slumber than her ruling class also discovered that while the condition of the laborers remained the same they were able


text:
Page:The Pima Indians.pdf/274

]

There are four short vocabularies of the Pima language in manuscript in the possession of the Bureau of American Ethnology:

The first is published in Schoolcraft, volume, page 461, and forms the basis of the English-Pima vocabulary published in Die Pima-Sprache by Buschmann in 1857 (p. 367). Doctor Parry employed a Maricopa interpreter. Buschmann's vocabulary also includes words obtained by Doctor Coulter, which were published by Gallatin in Transactions of the American Ethnological Society, volume, page 129, and by Scouler in the Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, volume , page 248. Buschmann further drew from Pfefferkorn's Beschreibung der Landschaft Sonora, volume, passim; three words from Mühlenfordt's Schilderung der Republik Mejico, volume , page 225; and words from the Lord's Prayer in Pima as given by Hervas in Saggio Practico Delle Lingue (p. 124–125). There are 182 words, in all, in Buschmann's list. Fewer than half the 53 pages of his paper are devoted to the language of the Pimas.

Lieutenant Whipple obtained a vocabulary of 67 Pima words, which was published in his Report upon the Indian Tribes, Pacific Railroad Reports, volume (pt., p. 94).

In the Journal of the Royal Geographical Society for 1841, page 248, there is a Pima vocabulary of 38 words that was collected by a Doctor Coulter; where, it is not stated. The orthography is not explained.

In his Opuscula, page 351, R.G. Latham has published a vocabulary of 27 words, stating neither from whom it was derived nor where it was written. In his Natural History of the Varieties of Man, Latham devotes three pages to quotations from Lieutenant Emory descriptive of the "Pimos."

title: Page:The Pima Indians.pdf/274


text:
Page:Coalition of Clergy, Lawyers, and Professors v. Bush.pdf/9

 Nevertheless, it is evident that the detainees are being held in a secure facility in an isolated area of the world, on a United States Naval Base in a foreign country, to which United States citizens are severely restricted from traveling. The detainees are not able to meet with lawyers, and have been denied access to file petitions in United States courts on their own behalf. As stated by the district court, and conceded by the Government at argument, “from a practical point of view the detainees cannot be said to have unimpeded or free access to court.” Coalition of Clergy, 189 F.Supp.2d at 1042. We need not delineate the contours of the access requirement in these circumstances, however, in light of the Coalition's lack of a relationship with the detainees.

 * ii. Significant relationship with and true dedication to the detainees.

Turning to the second prong of Whitmore–Massie, we examine whether the members of the Coalition have some significant relationship with, and are truly dedicated to the best interests of, the detainees. In Whitmore, the Supreme Court addressed the limitations on third-party “next friend” standing, and explained that “[h]owever friendly” and “sympathetic” a petition may be, and however concerned the petitioner is that “unconstitutional laws [are being] enforced,” a petitioner without a significant relationship does not suffer a sufficient grievance for standing purposes. Whitmore, 495 U.S. at 166, 110 S.Ct. 1717. Otherwise, “however worthy and high minded the motives of ‘next friends’ may be, they inevitably run the risk of making the actual defendant a pawn to be manipulated on a chessboard larger than his own case.” Lenhard v. Wolff, 443 U.S. 1306, 1312, 100 S.Ct. 3, 61 L.Ed.2d 885 (1979) (Rehnquist, Circuit Justice). As the Whitmore Court explained: "These limitations on the “next friend” doctrine are driven by the recognition that it was not intended that the writ of habeas corpus should be availed of, as matter of course, by intruders or uninvited meddlers, styling themselves next friends. Indeed, if there were no restriction on “next friend” standing in federal courts, the litigant asserting only a generalized interest in constitutional governance could circumvent the jurisdictional limits of Art. III simply by assuming the mantle of “next friend.”"

Whitmore, 495 U.S. at 164, 110 S.Ct. 1717 (citations and internal quotation marks omitted).

The Coalition argues that the Supreme Court in Whitmore did not impose the requirement of a “significant relationship” between the “next friend” and the detainee, but only noted that the cases it had surveyed suggested as much. In its view, the “significant relationship” requirement is the Ninth Circuit’s own erroneous gloss on Whitmore, which need not be followed. All that is necessary, according to the Coalition, is: (1) an adequate explanation for the reason the real party in interest cannot appear on its own behalf; and (2) the true dedication by the next friend to the best interests of the detainee. The “significant relationship” criterion is no more than an additional consideration in determining whether a petitioner is a suitable next friend. See, e.g., ''United States v. Ken Int’l. [sic] Co.'', 897 F.Supp. 462, 465 (D.Nev.1995) (stating the two requirements, and then noting: “It is also


text: Page:Virgil's Pastorals, Georgics and Aeneis - Dryden (1709) - volume 2.djvu/216


text: The Pima Indians

title: The Pima Indians


text:
Page:Floras Lexicon-1840.djvu/79

RANBERRY. . Class 8,, Order:. This useful berry is very abundant in the United States. It commonly grows in and about the little pools of the swampy moorlands, and the gatherers are often obliged to wade into the water to come at them, so that the pittance they thus win is dearly earned. The botanical name is one of odd sound but good meaning, being oxycoccus, from two Greek words meaning acid and fruit.

title: Page:Floras Lexicon-1840.djvu/79


text: Flora's Lexicon/Cranberry

title: Flora's Lexicon/Cranberry


text:
Page:Coalition of Clergy, Lawyers, and Professors v. Bush.pdf/10

 that a ‘next friend’ must have some significant relationship with the real party in interest.” (citing Whitmore, 495 U.S. at 163–64, 110 S.Ct. 1717)).

Combining the “significant relationship” requirement, however, with the “dedicated to best interests” consideration, as we did in Massie (and as suggested by Whitmore), meets the concerns the Whitmore Court addressed. The existence of a significant relationship enhances the probability that a petitioner is a suitable next friend, i.e., that a petitioner knows and is dedicated to the prisoner’s individual best interests. The more attenuated the relationship between petitioner and prisoner, the less likely a petitioner can know the best interests of the prisoner. The Fourth Circuit adopted the Massie approach in tis recent decision in Hamdi v. Rumsfeld, 294 F.3d 598 (4th Cir.2002) (“Hamdi I”), denying next-friend standing to a public defender and a private citizen who filed habeas petitions on behalf of a military detainee captured as an alleged enemy combatant in Afghanistan. Id. at 604. Construing the language in Whitmore, it noted: "[The Supreme Court in Whitmore] thought it important to begin by stating that there are “at least two firmly rooted prerequisites for ‘next friend’ must have some significant relationship with the real party in interest.” (denying minister and first cousin of prisoner next friend standing)."

Hamdi I, 294 F.3d at 604 (quoting Whitmore, 495 U.S. at 163–64, 110 S.Ct. 1717) (citations omitted and emphasis in original). Following Massie, “Whitmore is thus most faithfully understood as requiring a would-be next friend to have a significant relationship with the real party in interest.” Id.

Nevertheless, the contours of the requisite “significant relationship” do not remain static, but must necessarily adapt to the circumstances facing each individual detainee. “Significance” is a relative concept, dependent on the individual prisoner’s plight. Not all detainees may have a relative, friend, or even a diplomatic delegation able or willing to act on their behalf. In such an extreme case it is plausible that a person with “some” relationship conveying some modicum of authority or consent, “significant” in comparison to the detainee’s other relationships, could serve as the next friend. Moreover, the concept of “true dedication” is a subjective one, difficult of measurement. The existence of some relationship, whether it be from authorized representation to friendship or alliance to familial, serves as an objective basis for discerning the “intruder” or “uninvited meddler” from the true “next friend.”

In this case, however, the Coalition has not demonstrated any relationship with the detainees. The record is devoid of any effort to even communicate with the detainees. Certainly the absence of any connection or association by the Coalition with any detainee is insufficient even under an elastic construction of the significant relationship requirement to confer standing. Although there may be some extreme circumstances necessitating relaxation of the Whitmore–Massie standard, the record in this case is devoid of such circumstances. We therefore reserve consideration of these hypothetical cases for another day. See Hamdi I, 294 F.3d at 604.

 * iii. The Coalition lacks next-friend standing.

We accept the Coalition’s concern for the rights and welfare of the detainees at Camp X-Ray as genuine and sincere.


text:
Page:Floras Lexicon-1840.djvu/80

ROCUS. . Class 3,. Order:. According to the Grecian mythology, the name of this flower is derived from, a youth who was consumed by the ardour of his love for the nymph , and afterwards changed into the flower which bears his name. The common saffron used in medicine is a species of crocus, the , a native of Greece and Asia Minor.

title: Page:Floras Lexicon-1840.djvu/80


text: Flora's Lexicon/Crocus

title: Flora's Lexicon/Crocus


text:
Page:The life of Charlotte Brontë (IA lifeofcharlotteb02gaskrich).pdf/64

 does not do business like Messrs. Smith and Elder; a different spirit seems to preside at Street, to that which guides the helm at 65, Cornhill My relations have suffered from exhausting delay and procrastination, while I have to acknowledge the benefits of a management at once business-like and gentleman-like, energetic and considerate.

"I should like to know if Mr. often acts as he has done to my relations, or whether this is an exceptional instance of his method. Do you know, and can you tell me anything about him? You must excuse me for going to the point at once, when I want to learn anything: if my questions are importunate, you are, of course, at liberty to decline answering them.—I am, yours respectfully,

1em

"Dear Sir,—I have now read 'Ranthorpe.' I could not get it till a day or two ago; but I have got it and read it at last; and in reading 'Ranthorpe,' I have read a new book,—not a reprint—not a reflection of any other book, but a new book.

"I did not know such books were written now. It is very different to any of the popular works of fiction: it fills the mind with fresh knowledge. Your experience and your convictions are made the reader's; and to an author, at least, they have a value and an interest quite


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Page:The life of Charlotte Brontë (IA lifeofcharlotteb02gaskrich).pdf/65

 unusual. I await your criticism on 'Jane Eyre' now with other sentiments than I entertained before the perusal of 'Ranthorpe.'

"You were a stranger to me. I did not particularly respect you. I did not feel that your praise or blame would have any special weight. I knew little of your right to condemn or approve. Now I am informed on these points.

"You will be severe; your last letter taught me as much. Well! I shall try to extract good out of your severity: and besides, though I am now sure you are a just, discriminating man, yet, being mortal, you must be fallible; and if any part of your censure galls me too keenly to the quick—gives me deadly pain—I shall for the present disbelieve it, and put it quite aside, till such time as I feel able to receive it without torture.—I am, dear Sir, yours very respectfully, "C. ."

In December, 1847, "Wuthering Heights" and "Agnes Grey" appeared. The first-named of these stories has revolted many readers by the power with which wicked and exceptional characters are depicted. Others, again, have felt the attraction of remarkable genius, even when displayed on grim and terrible criminals. Miss Brontë herself says, with regard to this tale, "Where delineation of human character is concerned, the case is different. I am bound to avow that she had scarcely more practical knowledge of the peasantry


text:
Page:Masnavi I Ma'navi.pdf/116

68. THE MASNAVI. [BOOK II. STORY II. The Pauper and the Prisoners (p. 113).

A certain pauper obtained admittance to a prison, and annoyed the prisoners by eating up all their victuals, and leaving them none. At last they made a formal complaint to the Qazi, and prayed him to banish the greedy pauper from the prison. The Qázi summoned the pauper before him, and asked him why he did not go to his own house instead of living on the prisoners. The pauper replied that he had no house or means of livelihood except that supplied by the prison; whereupon the Qázi ordered him to be carried through the city, and proclamation to be made that he was a pauper, that no one might be induced to lend him money or trade with him. Accordingly the attendants sought for a camel whereon to carry him through the city, and at last induced a Kurd who sold firewood to lend his cannel for the purpose. The Kurd consented from greed of reward, and the pauper, being seated on the camel, was carried through the city from morning till evening, proclamation being made in Persian, Arabic, and Kurdish that he was a pauper. When evening came the Kurd demanded payment, but the pauper refused to give him anything, observing that if he had kept his ears open he must have heard the pro- clamation. Thus the Kurd was led by greed to spend the day in useless labour.

Satan's office in the world (p. 114).

The pauper said, "Your beneficence is my sustenance;

To me, as to aliens, your prison is a paradise.

If you banish me from your prison in reprobation,

I must needs die of poverty aud affliction."

Just so Iblis said to Allah, "O have compassion;

Lord! respite me till the day of resurrection.¹

For in this prison of the world I am at ease,- ¹ Koran vii. 13.

title: Page:Masnavi I Ma'navi.pdf/116


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Page:The life of Charlotte Brontë (IA lifeofcharlotteb02gaskrich).pdf/66

 amongst whom she lived, than a nun has of the country-people that pass her convent gates. My sister's disposition was not naturally gregarious: circumstances favoured and fostered her tendency to seclusion; except to go to church, or take a walk on the hills, she rarely crossed the threshold of home. Though the feeling for the people around her was benevolent, intercourse with them she never sought, nor, with very few exceptions, ever experienced; and yet she knew them, knew their ways, their language, and their family histories; she could hear of them with interest, and talk of them with detail minute, graphic, and accurate; but with them she rarely exchanged a word. Hence it ensued, that what her mind has gathered of the real concerning them, was too exclusively confined to those tragic and terrible traits, of which, in listening to the secret annals of every rude vicinage, the memory is sometimes compelled to receive the impress. Her imagination, which was a spirit more sombre than sunny—more powerful than sportive—found in such traits material whence it wrought creations like Heathcliffe, like Earnshaw, like Catharine. Having formed these beings, she did not know what she had done. If the auditor of her work, when read in manuscript, shuddered under the grinding influence of natures so relentless and implacable—of spirits so lost and fallen; if it was complained that the mere hearing of certain vivid and fearful scenes banished sleep by night, and disturbed mental peace by day, Ellis Bell would wonder what was meant, and suspect the complainant of affectation. Had she but lived, her mind


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Page:An Account of English Ants (Gould, 1747, IA accountofenglish00goul).pdf/36

14 can more conveniently pas to and fro at the ame Time. The Water ooner drains off, and mall Particles of Dut, with other Obtructions, cannot o eaily fill up the Spaces. The Smoothnes is alo more commodious to the Tendernes of the Young, which they frequently carry from one Lodgment to another. Mot of thee Channels terminate in Cells, except the direct ones, which go through the whole Colony, and dicharge the Water at the Bottom. The other Paages erve as o many Entries to different Apartments, and on Examination appear to be only Branches of the large and direct Channels; which hews the exact Contrivance of the Ants, or how nicely Providence hath proportioned their Reaon to their State: For by this means the Exces of Water, or other Impediment, is contantly avoided, and o no ways incommodes the Ants themelves, or their growing Poterity.

We cannot les admire the Texture of their Cells. As the Ants lie together in Cluters, and dipoe of the Eggs and many of the Young in the like manner, an oval Figure is the mot convenient for this purpoe, and uch is the Structure of many of their Apartments. A Square, a Circle, or