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 March 21: The Navy initiated the development of the Lark surface-to-air guided missile in a BuAer contract with Fairchild Aircraft.

During March: "Summary of Airfoil Data," by Ira H. Abbott, A. E. von Doenhoff, and Louis Stievers of NACA Langley Laboratory, was issued, a classic reference summarizing NACA data on airfoil sections.

 * Project Paperclip to recruit German missile scientists was initiated in the Pentagon.

During Spring: A supplemental appropriation passed by Congress authorized expanded research on guided missiles at NACA Langley Laboratory, including the establishment of a rocket launch facility at Wallops Island, Va.

April 1-13: 17 JPL Private F rockets were fired at Hueco Range, Fort Bliss, Tex.

During April: Aberdeen Proving Ground wind-tunnel tests of a sweptback wing at Mach 1.72 were carried out on the suggestion of Theodore von Kármán.

May 5: Russian ground forces occupied Peenemünde, Germany.

May 8: World War II ended in Europe.

 * At the time of the German collapse, more than 20,000 V-weapons, V-1s and V-2s, had been fired. Although figures vary, the best estimate is that 1,115 V-2 ballistic rockets had been successfully fired against England and 1,675 against continental targets. There was a great disparity between production figures and operational missions due to concurrent series production and development testing.

May 10: Crash program to counter Japanese Baka (suicide) bomb, Naval Aircraft Modification Unit was authorized to develop Little Joe, a ship-to-air missile powered with a standard JATO unit.

During May: Boeing began development of Gapa (ground-to-air pilotless aircraft) anti-aircraft missile for USAAF. Within 2 years, 37 Gapa missiles had been fired, and by October 1949, a total of 102 successful firings had taken place.

June 19: Dr. Frank L. Wattendorf, Engineering Division, Wright Field, and a member of the AAF Scientific Advisory Group, recommended to Brig. Gen. F. O. Carroll, Chief of the Engineering Division, that an Air Force Development Center, including facilities for the development of supersonic aircraft and missiles, be built away from Wright Field and near a large source of power.

June 25: Construction began at White Sands Proving Ground.

During June: The Army Ground Forces Equipment Review Board concluded that increased emphasis should be placed on the development of guided missiles.

 * XC-99, the cargo version of the B-36, made its first flight.

July 4: Baby Wac rocket, a one-fifth scale model of the Wac Corporal proposal, was flight-tested at Camp Irwin by JPL.

 * The first rocket launch at NACA's new Wallops Island facility was for the calibration of radar instrumentation.

July 13: White Sands Proving Ground (WSPG) was activated.

July 14: AAF A-20s from Hollandia set fire to Japanese oil fields at Boela, Ceram, in the first use of rocket bombs in the Southwest Pacific.

July 16: The first test atomic device was exploded in New Mexico.

July 20: The Navy's Little Joe anti-aircraft missile made two successful flights at the Applied Physics Laboratory test station at Island Beach, N.J.

July 23: Life magazine published drawings of a manned space station as envisioned by the German rocket scientists of Peenemünde.

During July: The first launching of a two-stage rocket-propelled research model, the Tiamat missile, employed six rockets as boosters, had automatic stabilization, its maneuvers were programmed, and its testing was the first research program of NACA's Wallops Island Station.

August 6: The first atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima.

August 9: The second atomic bomb was dropped on Nagasaki.

August 14: World War II ended with the Japanese surrender.

 * A team of American scientists was dispatched to Europe to collect information and equipment relating to German rocket progress.

August 24: The first successful use of a telemetry system in a rocket-propelled flight research model, the two-stage Tiamat, at NACA Wallops Island, Va.

During August: The first successful U.S. chemical gas, generator-driven, turbopump-fed, regeneratively cooled rocket engine (XCALT-6000) was delivered to the AAF by Aerojet-General Corp.

 * Components for approximately 100 V-2 ballistic missiles were shipped from Germany to White Sands Proving Ground.

 * The Joint Army-Navy Aeronautical Board established a Research Committee to investigate and report on matters affecting research, development, and testing of aircraft, including liaison with NACA and industry, and to recommend action to foster aeronautical research and development.

September 8: William F. Durand, one of the original members of NACA in 1915, retired.

September 20: The first flight of an airplane powered by propeller-turbine engines was made in England by an experimental Gloster Meteor powered with Rolls Royce Trent-engines with five-bladed propellers.

September 26: The Navy publicly demonstrated the Ryan Fireball FR-1 at NAS Anacostia, the first propeller-and-jet-powered airplane designed for aircraft carriers.

 * The Army Wac Corporal, in its first development flight, was fired at White Sands, establishing a U.S. record height of 43.5 miles, and was the first U.S. liquid-propellant rocket developed with government funds (constructed by Douglas and Aerojet under JPL Project).

During September: The first volume of the Toward New Horizons reports of the Army Air Forces Scientific Advisory Group (headed by Von Kármán), entitled Science: The Key to Air Supremacy, was submitted to the Commanding General of the AAF. These reports prepared by leading scientists are classic in their assessment of future developments emerging out of World War II advancements.

October 8: A Navy Committee for Evaluating the Feasibility of Space Rocketry (CEFSR) was established by BuAer. In November 1945, CEFSR recommended high priority for satellite development and estimated the cost between $5 and $8 million.

October 11: The first launch of the full Wac Corporal (WAC-A) at WSPG attained an altitude of 235,000 feet.

October 18: NACA Langley's Pilotless Aircraft Research Division (PARD) launched the first successful drag research vehicle for wing and body research, a forerunner of a large series of flight tests of various wings and bodies in a combination of transonic and supersonic speeds, providing basic design information later applied to all later supersonic aircraft and missiles.

October 30: The Chief of Army Ordnance invited the Secretary of the Navy to utilize the White Sands Proving Ground (WSPG) as a test range for naval-guided missiles (BuOrd) and for pilotless aircraft (BuAer).

During October: Secretary of War Patterson approved a plan to bring top German scientists to the United States to aid military research and development. A small group of German rocket specialists were brought to the United States under Project Paperclip to work on missile development at Fort Bliss and White Sands Proving Ground.

 * Navy BuOrd established a Guided Missiles, Jet Propulsion, and Countermeasures Section in its Research and Development Division.

November 6: The first jet landing on an aircraft carrier was made by Ens. Jake C. West, USN, in an FR-1 Navy turbojet and conventional reciprocating-engine fighter. 50


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of leakage at the South Vietnam end. Thus, publicity seems almost inevitable to us here for any attack that did significant damage."

B. A New Scenario: 30 Days of Sequential Politico-Military Action

On the same day that the JCS urged that the GWN be consulted regarding preparations for border control and retaliatory operations, the new scenario of political and military actions was completed. The scenario called for a 30-day sequence of military and political pressures coupled with initiatives- to enter negotiations with Hanoi (see Table 1). Military actions would not start until after "favorable action on a U. S. Congressional Joint Resolution" supporting U. S. resistance to DRV aggressions in Southeast Asia. Initially, the strikes would be carried out by GN aircraft, but as they progressed, USA?/FARNGATE and other U. S. air units would join in. These "would continue despite negotiations, until there was clear evidence that North Vietnam had stopped its subversion of the South.". The negotiating objectives would be to obtain both agreement and evidence that (1) "terrorism, armed attacks, and armed resistance stop" and (2) "communications on the networks out of the North are conducted entirely in uncoded form."

Presented along with the scenario were assessments of likely communist reactions and the possible U. S. responses to these moves. The mose likely military reactions to the scenario actions were seen as expanded insurgency operations, including possible "sizeable infiltration" of North Vietnamese ground forces, and a drive toward the Mekong by Pathet Lao and North Vietnamese forces. The Soviet Union was expected to intensify its diplomatic opposition to U. S. policies and China was expected to (1) augment North Vietnamese air defense capabilities, and (2) successfully dissuade Hanoi from any willingness (particularly after U.S. air operations began) to reduce its support of the Viet Cong. To counter communist reactions, the proposal specified in each contingency that intensified operations against North Vietnam would be the most effective option. In response to intensified insurgency, considered the least intense (though most likely) alternative available to the communist powers, the proposal included provision for augmenting South Vietnamese forces "by U. S. ground forces prepositioned in South Vietnam or on board ship nearby.

The May 23, 1964 scenario read as follows: (Table 1)

1. Stall off any 'conference on [[Laos or] Vietnam until D-Day."

2. Intermediary (Canadian?) tell North Vietnam in general terms that U.S. does not want to destroy the North Vietnam regime (and indeed is willing 'to provide a carrot'), but is determined to protect South Vietnam from North Vietnam.

3. (D-30) Presidential speech in general terms launching Joint Resolution.

4. (D-20) Obtain Joint Resolution approving past actions and authorizing whatever is necessary with respect to Vietnam. Rh

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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 This freedom shall not be restricted, save by virtue of the power under a provision of law and only for protecting common benefits of the public, or for maintaining public peace and order or good morals, or for preventing economic monopolisation or oligopolisation.

Persons have the freedom to form political parties to carry out political affairs in line with the way of the administration under the democratic regime prescribed by this Constitution.

Establishment and operation of political parties shall be as prescribed by the provisions of the law on political parties.

Political parties must publicly disclose their sources of income and their expenditure.

Persons have the freedom to communicate with each other by means of postal services or by other lawful means.

No letter, telegram, telephone, or other communication between persons shall be censored, detained, or disclosed, nor other act shall be done to obtain knowledge about the contents of all communications between persons, save

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fail to produce desired results. In the case of the covert operations program, these tendencies were reinforced through the evocation of a GN policy commitment and the involvement of CVI officials in its implementation.

B. Origins and Development: Presidential Support and Approval

The covert program was spared in May of 1963, when the JCS directed CINCPAC to prepare a plan for GVN "hit and run" operations against NVN. These operations were to be "non-attributable" and carried out "with U.S. military materiel, training and advisory assistance." Approved by. the JCS on 9 September as CINCPAC OPLAN 34-63, the plan was discussed during the Vietnam policy conference at Honolulu, 20 November 1963. Here a decision was made to develop c. combined COMUSMACV-CAS, Saigon plan for a 12-ronth program of covert operations. Instructions forwarded by the JCS on 26 November specifically requested provision for: "(1) harassment; (2) diversion; (3) political pressure; (4) capture of prisoners; (5) physical destruction; (6) acquisition of intelligence; (7) generation of intelligence; and (8) diversion of DRV resources." Further, that the plan provide for "selected actions of graduated scope and intensity to include commando type coastal raids. To this guidance was added that given by President Johnson to the effect that "planning should include... estimates of such factors as: (1) resulting damage to NVN; (2) the plausibility of dental; (3) possible wit retaliation; and (4) other international reaction."  The MACV-CAS plan, designated OPLAN 34A, and providing for "a spectrum of capabilities for RVIAF to execute against NVN," was forwarded by CINCPAC on 19 December 1963.

The idea of putting direct pressure on North Vietnam met prompt receptivity on the part of President Johnson. According to then Assistant Secretary of State, Roger Iilsran, it was just a few days before the military-CIA submission that State Department, Counselor, Walt Rostov passed to the President "a well-reasoned case for a gradual escalation." Rostow was well-known as an advocate of taking direct measures against the external sources of guerrilla support, having hammered away at this, theme since he first presented it at Fort Bragg in April 1961. In any event, on 21 December, President Johnson directed that an interdepartmental committee study the NACV-CAS plan to select from it those least, risk." This committee, under the chairmanship of Major General Krulak, USNC, completed its study on 2 January 1964 and submitted its report for review by the principal officials of its various member agencies. The report recommended the 3-phase approach and the variety of Phase I operations described earlier. President Jonson approved the committee's recommendations on 16 January and directed that the initial 4-month phase of the program be implemented beginning 1 February.

C. Concept and Rationale: Convince DRV to Desist by Raising the Cost

In view of program performance and later decisions, the conceptualization underlying the program of covert operations against North Wetnan is particularly significant. JCS objectives for the initial CINCPIC formulation were to increase the cost, to the DRV of its role in the South Rh


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 and healed instantly. He went home and took charge of his farm. He has been a business man and a Christian since then. Eternity alone will tell the results of the one week’s meeting at Pendleton nine years ago and this three days’ meeting.

From Pendleton we went to Indianapolis, to visit the Church of God, which we organized nearly five years before. When we arrived at the church we found the large building crowded. The church was all in harmony and on fire for God. We continued the meeting five days. Had two meetings a day during the week, and three on Sabbath. The house was crowded day and night, and many turned away. The interest was so great we had to request the young people to stay away, and give room for the older. The altar was crowded day and night with seekers—some for salvation of the soul, some for the healing of the body, and some for the anointing of the Holy Ghost. The power of the Lord was present to heal both soul and body. A number of God’s children received the baptism for service. They obeyed the command of Jesus, “Tarry ye in the city of Jerusalem, until be shall be endued with power from on high.”

Among those converted were two men eighty years old. One had been afflicted most all his life. He was healed and converted at the same time. There never was a brighter prospect for a revival in any place than at Indianapolis. But we were compelled to leave, as our appointments were out ahead.

We went from Indianapolis to Springfield, Illinois, to hold a two weeks’ meeting for the Church of God. We found the church all in harmony and love, ready for the meeting. Many souls were saved, and bodies healed of diseases of many years’ standing. Notwithstanding that the houses were packed to almost suffocation, the best of order prevailed.

From Springfield, Illinois, we went back to St. Louis, Missouri, February, 1891, and found our friends looking for us, with our rooms warmed and dinner ready. We commenced meetings the same night with a crowded house, and all the members of the mission, with many friends, were present to welcome us back to their city. I organized the mission into a Church of God, with a membership of over two hundred. All classes thought the work would prosper better as a church than a mission. Many of those fellowshipped were among the best citizens. The revival is being kept up the year around, with meetings every night.

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text: Poems, Chiefly Lyrical/A Dirge

title: Poems, Chiefly Lyrical/A Dirge


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Rh hundred stout youths upon whom I thought I could rely. We had also two field guns to which I attached great importance, there being a detachment of Artillery attached to our Militia battalion. With me were also three subalterns, one of them being William Gell, who had recently become engaged to my daughter. With this little force of armed intelligent men we need not despair, I thought, of conflict even with monsters.

My first anxiety was to obtain news of the enemy. With this view I sent out detached parties of mounted men with instructions to reconnoitre in every direction within a radius of twenty miles. The day was yet young, and the dreary hours of the scouts' absence were devoted to drilling and organizing my little force. Desirous as I was to recall what discipline I might to these carpet soldiers I was yet more anxious to occupy their minds and prevent them from brooding on the terrors they were about to encounter. As the afternoon wore on some of the exploring parties began to drop in, all bringing the same sad tale of unhappy groups of fugitives fleeing from their homes, but of the enemy


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 November 7: Bell Aircraft Corp. announced successful test flights of a jet-propelled P-59 by remote control; television was used to read the instruments.

During November: The Guided Missiles Committee of the Joint Committee on New Weapons and Equipment (JNW) drafted the Dewey Report on "A National Program for Guided Missiles."

December 8: The first USAAF jet fighter unit, the 412th Fighter Group, received its first Lockheed P-80 aircraft at March Field, Calif.

December 9: The first Stratovision flight test was made at Middle River, Md., by Westinghouse Electric Corp. and Glenn L. Martin Co. Telecasts were made from the airplane flying in the stratosphere.

December 14: The AAF contracted with Bell for the development of three supersonic flight research aircraft, powered by liquid rockets. Designated XS-2, and later X-2.

December 17: The Rocket-Sonde Research Branch was constituted in the Naval Research Laboratory to conduct scientific exploration of the upper atmosphere.

December 19: President Truman submitted his plan to Congress for the unification of the armed services.

During December: The Office of Deputy Chief of Air Staff for Research and Development was created in Hq. USAAF, headed by Maj. Gen. C. E. LeMay.

 * More than 100 German rocket scientists and engineers, who had agreed to come to the United States under Project Paperclip, arrived at Fort Bliss, Tex.

 * The Navy BuAer awarded a contract to Guggenheim Aeronautical Laboratory at Cal Tech to conduct research whose findings were to be used in formulating policy for a projected high-altitude earth satellite vehicle.

During 1945: Abe Silverstein of Lewis Laboratory made a basic application of ramjet technology to the problem of afterburner design, leading to the first full-scale afterburner tests.

 * New wind tunnels were placed under construction at NACA's Ames Laboratory at Moffett Field, Langley Laboratory at Hampton, Va., and the Propulsion Laboratory at Cleveland, to attain speeds of 1,400, 1,800, and 2,600 mph with various sized throats.

 * The German Heinkel He-162 Salamander or "Volksjaeger" jet fighter appeared operationally, while the prototype of a heavy jet bomber appeared in the Junkers Ju-287 (four-engine) with auxiliary take-off rockets, sweptforward wings, speed over 550 mph, and a bomb load of 8,800 pounds.

End of 1945: The increase in speed of reciprocating-engined fighter aircraft by 300 to 400 mph between World War I and World War II (speed being only one military criterion) was estimated to be 75 percent gain because of increased horsepower, 25 percent from aerodynamic improvement.

 * Dr. Jerome C. Hunsaker pointed out that U.S. aeronautical research effort during World War II was based upon a short-range policy of about 90 percent for specific development problems applied to help win the war and 10 percent on basic research to gain needed knowledge. The national research effort has "concentrated on the improvement of aircraft in the production program."

January 2: Special investigation of high-temperature aluminum alloys was begun by J. C. McGee, a Wright Field engineer, which led by June 1947 to a useful alloy known as "ML," named after the Materials Laboratory.

January 10: An Army R-5, demonstrated by C. A. Moeller and D. D. Viner, set an unofficial world helicopter record by climbing to 21,000 feet at Stratford, Conn.

January 16: The U.S. upper atmosphere research program was initiated with captured German V-2 rockets. A V-2 panel of representatives from various interested agencies was created, leading to the launch of more than 60 V-2's. The Applied Physics Laboratory of Johns Hopkins University then developed the medium-altitude rocket Aerobee, while the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) focused on the high-altitude rocket first called Neptune, later Viking.

January 19: The first glide flight of the AAF-NACA XS-1 rocket research airplane (No. 1 of the original three X-l's built) was conducted by Jack Woolams, a Bell Aircraft test pilot, at Pinecastle Army Air Base, Fla.

January 26: The Army announced the creation of the First Experimental Guided Missiles Group to develop and test rocket missiles at Eglin Field, Fla.

 * The Naval Aviation Ordnance Test Station was established at NAAS Chincoteague to develop aviation ordnance and guided missiles.

During January: The first missile was launched at the Naval Air Facility, Point Mugu, Calif., a KVW-1 Loon, the USN name for the AAF robot bomb (JB-2) modeled on the German V-1.

February 8: The AAF disclosed the development of a plane with automatic devices to preset takeoff, flight, and landing, requiring minimal pilot intervention except for monitoring the equipment.

February 19: S. Paul Johnston was appointed Director of the IAS to replace Lester D. Gardner, who retired after 15 years of service.

March 7: The BuAer Committee for Evaluating the Feasibility of Space Rocketry (CEFSR) met with AAF representatives to discuss a joint satellite development program based on the BuAer proposal, leading to the subsequent Project Rand report and Navy CEFSR proposal presented to the RDB, Committee on Guided Missiles, Technical Evaluation Group in March 1948.

March 11: The first successful operation of an afterburner at altitude conditions in America was conducted in the Lewis Altitude Wind Tunnel and reported by Fleming and Dietz.

March 12: The Chief of Naval Operations directed that several guided missiles, including Glomb, Gorgon II-C, and Little Joe, be discontinued, while others like Loon, Bat, Kingfisher, Bumblebee, and Lark were to be continued as high-priority missile developments.

March 15: The first American-assembled V-2 was static fired at White Sands Proving Ground.

March 22: The first American rocket to escape Earth's atmosphere, the JPL-Ordnance Wac, reached a 50-mile height after its launch from WSPG.

During March: Fleet Adm. William D. Leahy sent a memorandum to the Secretaries of the War and Navy Departments on a national program for the development of guided missiles.

 * The AAF established Project Rand as a separate department of Douglas Aircraft Co. plant at Santa Monica, Calif., to study supersonic aircraft, missiles, and earth satellites.

 * The Navy successfully flight tested the XSAM Talos surface-to-air guided missile.

 * The USAAF initiated a program on ballistic missile defense, contracting for the study of an interceptor weapon to cope with V-2-type missiles and, later, for defense against true ICBMs.

April 1: Bell Aircraft Corp. contracted with the AAF (under Project MX-776) to produce a 100-mile guided missile (later designated the Rascal).

April 16: The first flight test of an American-assembled V-2 rocket was launched by the Army at White Sands Proving Ground, N. Mex., with subsequent firings in July setting new altitude and velocity records.

April 17: The Army Ground Forces submitted a summary of its guided missile program, focusing on antiaircraft, assault, antiship, and air-launched close sup 52


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 forth in the act of feeding, The cilia will bo seen to move in such rapid and well-timed succession as to look like revolving wheels; and so perfect is the optical illusion that you feel how appropriately these creatures have been named "Wheel-bearers," or Rotifera.

Their exact place in the animal series has not yet been finally determined. Provisionally they may be referred, as an order, to the somewhat miscellaneous class Scolecida, in the sub-kingdom Annutoida. On the whole, they appear to have strong affinities to the worm-like animals of the class just mentioned, as well as certain points of resemblance to the lower crustaceans, and to the larval forms of Echinodermata.

The Rotifera attain a maximum size of about 1-86th of an inch. Some are as small as 1-400th of an inch, or smaller. They are of a higher type of organization than the Infusoria, with which they were formerly grouped, since they have an obscure segmentation of the body, a completely separate alimentary canal, and a water-vascular system; and they never multiply by budding oy self-division. They have a right and left, a dorsal and ventral, and a head and tail aspect, the end answering to the head moving habitually forwards, with the back upwards. Some are fixed by a foot-stalk to water-plants during the whole of the greater portion of their existence; but the majority are free-swimming. The former use the ciliated wreath to urge food to their mouth; the latter use it as a locomotive organ when in motion, and a feeding organ when at rest. Few things are more strikingly beautiful than this ciliated wreath in full activity. At intervals it is drawn in and tucked out of sight, so as completely to alter the look of the animal. But after a time it issues forth again, expands, and resumes its work. The food, received by a distinct mouth, is caught by a sort of champing gizzard, which has been likened to a pair of toothed hammers and a double anvil, and is there crushed small before admission to the stomach. In this receptacle, which is of variable size, the food is digested. The refuse of digestion then passes along an intestine; and finally, in most kinds, though not in all, is got rid of by a distinct orifice, connected with a cloaca, into which the ovary and a contractile vesicle also open. There is no heart; but a water-vascular system is present, consisting of two convoluted tubes, one on each side, furnished at intervals with short pipes lined with cilia, which lead into the general cavity of the body. The lower ends of these tubes open into the aforesaid contractile vesicle; and thus, the pulsations of the vesicle and the vibrations of the cilia Keeping up a current, the fluids of the body are refreshed by being brought into communication with the outer water.

Of the nervous system, the following are the main features:—Near the back of the neck there is found a ganglionic mass, on which are mostly seated one or more eye-spots, generally of a bright crimson colour. Projecting from about the same place may often be seen a little telescopic feeler, armed at the tip with minute bristles; or the bristles may be sessile in a small hollow. Muscles pass lengthwise from end to end of the body, and ring-wise at intervals round it, by which the external


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operations. Making a distinction between border operations already arranged for (Recommendation 11) and those intended by Recommendat 12, they advocated incorporating in the second-stage scenario rotatory operations and overt military pressures against North Vietnam They also urged including border control operations of battalion-s or larger, low-level reconnaissance by U.S. aircraft, and VIAF air operations in Laos that include strikes on bridges and armed route reconnaissance. In justifying such actions, they stated;

""...Military operations against the DR to help stabilize the situation in the Republic of Vietnam, and other operations planned to help stabilize the situation in Laos, involve the attack of the same target systems and to a considerable extent the same targets. Assistance in the achievement of the objective in the Republic of Vietnam through operations against NN could likewise have a similar result in Laos, offering the possibility of favorable long-term solution to the insurgency problen in Southeast Asia.""

However, the deliberate, cautious approach continued to hold sway. Secretary McNamara's trip to Saigon, called for early in the second-stage scenario as a means to obtain General Khanh's agreement to initiate overt operations against the North, did not include this purpose. On the contrary, a week prior to the visit Ceneral Khanh had raised with Ambassador Lodge the Issue of putting his country on a fully mobilized war footing -- accompanying it with a declaration that further interference by Hanoi in South Vietnamese affairs would bring reprisals - and Secretary McNamara was instructed to impress upon Khanh that such drastic measures and threatening gestures were unnecessary at the moment. More important, It was stressed that the GVN "systematically and aggressively demonstrate to the world that the subversion of the South is directed from Hanoi," through sending "capable ambassadors to the important capitals of the world to convince governments of this fact." Moreover, while assuring General Khanh that our commitment to his country and Laos "does not rule out the use of force ...against North Vietnam," the Secretary was advised to remind him that "such actions must be supplementary to and not a substitute for successful counterinsurgency in the South" -- and that "we do not intend to provide military support nor undertake the military objective of 'rolling back' communist control in North Vietnam." Rh


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Rh tire as well as a negative value He wished to prove Karaism wrong, but he also tried to show that Rabbinism was right.

As a champion of Rabbinism, then, Saadiah was called to Sura. But he had another claim to distinction The Karaites founded their position on the Bible Saadiah resolved that the appeal to the Bible should not be restricted to scholars. He translated the Scriptures into Arabic, and added notes. Saadiah’s quatiticalions for the task were his knowledge of Hebrew, his fine critical sense, and his enlightened attitude towards the Midrash. As to the first qualification, it is said that at the age of eleven he had begun a Hebrew rhyming Dictionary for the use of poets. He himself added several hymns to the liturgy. In these Saadiah’s poetical range is very varied. Sometimes his style is as pure and simple as the most Classical poems of the Spanish School. At other times, his verses have all the intricacy,


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 From St. Louis we went to Canton, Ohio. The children of God had been calling us for two years to come and help them. We held meetings in the tabernacle one month. We found some brave soldiers of the cross who were willing to make any sacrifice to see sinners brought to Christ. The last place where I kept house was at Canton. It was there I gave up all for Christ, and started out in his Vineyard. It required-a great deal of grace and courage to hold meetings among my own relatives, the most of whom had never heard me preach. But God gave me grace and courage to boldly declare the unsearchable riches of Christ. Many of my old acquaintances were brought out into the light.

From Canton we went to St. Louis, and spent one night with the Church of God. The house was filled with Christians and friends to welcome us with them again.

From St. Louis we went to Topeka, Kansas, and pitched our tabernacle in the City Park. The first month we were interrupted many times by the rain and storms, and hence could not hold meeting more than half the time. The rains were very heavy. There were from two to three thousand people present one night, and the next night we could have no meeting on account of the rain.

One night, just as the congregation was gathering for service, a heavy storm came up and the rain fell as if being poured out of buckets. The thunder rolled as I had not heard it for years. The vivid lightning, flash upon flash, illumined the sky like a large blaze of fire. The storm came so suddenly that it was impossible to lower our tent, which it struck, and tore one end almost into ribbons. We were left with a poor shelter in time of storm. We put it up again the best we could, and when the wind did not blow too strong we had service in it. One side of it was a protection from the sun, but when the wind blew too strong we held service in the open air. We went there among strangers at our own expense. It cost us about three hundred dollars to go and get the meeting started. It was a great trial and test of faith to stand and see our tent destroyed, but God’s grace was sufficient. In the midst of this we never became the least discouraged or faint-hearted, but praised God in the midst of the tempest. We could say, “The Lord gave and the Lord has permitted to be taken away.” We are only the Lord’s stewards. The tent was his, the work was his, and we are his. “All things

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 work together for good to those that love the Lord, to them who are the called according to His purpose.” (Romans viii, 28.)

The next day (Sabbath) great crowds came out to the meeting, and seeing the destruction of the tent, the sympathy was aroused of both saint and sinner. Many of the best citizens came to the front and began to raise money for a new tent. They soon purchased a tent. We dedicated it to the Lord. Notwithstanding these difficulties and many others that were in the way of the meeting, God was with us in power from the beginning, and the spirit of conviction rested upon every congregation.

The people were hungry for the word of God. They sat during the sermon, which was an hour or more long, and paid the best of attention. The city was wonderfully stirred. Many got out their Bibles, that no doubt had been laid away for years untouched, and searched to see if these things were true. All classes of sinners came home to God. A number of bodies were healed of different diseases, and a number laid out as dead under the power of God. Men and women looked on in wonder, turned pale, and said, “We never saw it after this fashion.” It was noticed here, as every place we labor, that more than half who are saved are past middle age and many are aged.

A number of drunkards were saved—some of the worst characters in the city. One man when drunk was the terror of the city. Now all these are earnest workers for the Lord—a joy to their families and those around them. The Lord not only saved the outbroken sinner, but also those who were living moral lives.

Many members of different churches were made to see that they had only a profession. Now they know they are born of God, his Spirit bearing witness that they are the children of God, and if children then heirs of God, and joint-heirs with the Lord Jesus Christ.

One sister had belonged to church from childhood. She was considered one of the best workers. When she came to meeting she found she had never had a change of heart. She came to the altar like any other sinner, and cried to God for mercy, and, bless his dear name, he did not disappoint her. Salvation came streaming down in her soul. In giving her experience, she said she

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 other, blushing and incapable of finding a word. I should never have guessed they were even brother and sister, let alone twins, for in appearance they were utterly unlike. Katherine pleased me. She was fresh and bright and attractive; I even thought her beautiful, for there was something of the open air about her, something of nature. At any rate she gave me that impression; her beauty had a kind of grave simplicity; and, if I had been a poet, and had been describing her, all my similes would have been taken from nature, from open hill-sides, from the wind and the sky. As I sat down beside her, her clear, dark, very blue eyes rested on me frankly, and with that she suddenly set me puzzling over where I had seen her before, or whom she reminded me of. I kept glancing at her furtively, but, seen in profile, her face was no longer suggestive, and I decided I had made a mistake. She appeared to me friendly and candid and unaffected, but I doubted if she were clever. Her brother, on the other hand, probably was clever. I did not take to him, he was smaller than she, thin and brown and subtle; also he had a way of looking at you that made you want to ask him what it was he found amusing.

"Peter will be able to show you everything, and take you everywhere," Mrs. Carroll explained, comprehensively, and then Katherine asked me if I played golf.

I answered, "No," and felt ashamed. I went on to prove that it was not my fault, that my father had refused to allow me to join the club, but at that point I caught Gerald's eyes watching me with an expression of interest, and I suddenly blushed. "Do you play!" I asked him aggressively.

He seemed surprised. His glance just brushed mine and rested on a picture above my head. "No." he answered quietly.

"Gerald is studying music abroad," said Mrs. Carroll,


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Page:ประมวล รธน - ๒๕๕๗ (๑).pdf/380

 by virtue of the power under a provision of law and only for maintaining public peace and order or good morals or for maintaining the security of the State.

Persons have the equal right to use communications provided as public service.

Persons have the freedom to travel and the freedom to choose their abodes within the Kingdom.

These freedoms shall not be restricted, save by virtue of the power under a provision of law and only for the security of the State, or public peace and order, or public welfare, or town planning, or youth welfare.

No Thai national shall be deported out of the Kingdom.

Persons have the freedom to carry out occupation.

This freedom shall not be restricted, save by virtue of the power under a provision of law and only for the security of the State or economy of the Nation or for public peace and order or good morals, or public welfare, or town planning.

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text:
Author:Titus Flavius Clemens

 * Titus Flavius Clemens (d. 95), Roman politician and cousin of the emperor Domitian
 * Titus Flavius Clemens (c. 150-c. 215), better known as Clement of Alexandria, Christian theologian and philosopher

title: Author:Titus Flavius Clemens


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 thought all these years she was, like Job, perfect; but now she knew if she had died she would have been lost forever.

Another sister was converted, and after she arose from the altar she said she had been a church member for eleven years. During these years she thought she was a Christian. She came to the meeting and was so deeply convicted that she prayed all night.

Many others of the same experience were brought to the Lord. This is evidence that what we are teaching everywhere we go is true; that there are thousands in the churches to-day who think they are all right, think they have eternal life, but are in a lost condition. May God have mercy on blind leaders and false teachers, and send something to arouse them before they and their followers go down to hell together. There are thousands of ministers to-day who are healing the “hurt of my daughter” but slightly; saying peace, peace, when the Lord God says there is no peace. They are promising the people liberty, when they themselves are servants of corruption. They have left Christ, the fountain of living waters, and hewn out cisterns, broken cisterns, that will not hold water. They are teaching the people the form, but denying the power. The Lord says, “Ye scornful men who rule this people; ye have made a covenant with death, and an agreement with hell. Your covenant with death shall: be disannuled, and your agreement with hell shall not stand.”

The people are dead in trespasses and sins, and these false teachers are making them believe they can go to heaven without being made alive to God by his Spirit in the soul. They are making them believe there is no hell, doing away with future punishment. The Lord says they are teaching the people to hide behind a refuge of lies, but in the storm of God’s wrath these refuges shall be swept away, and they, with their followers, will have no hiding place. May the Spirit of God come upon every reader, and cause you to search your heart in the light of God and eternity, and see if you are hiding behind these refuges of lies. If so, you are on the sand; unless you come to Christ and receive life, there is a fearful doom awaiting you.

The meeting continued to grow in interest until the close. God gave us such wonderful victory over all opposing elements that most of the prejudice gave way, and the masses said, “This is the work of God.” Christians came from all the churches and

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text:
Author:Titus Flavius Clemens (d. 95)

Works

 * Pseudo-Clementine literature, attributed both to Titus Flavius Clemens and/or to Clement I; now considered to be the work of an unknown author known as Pseudo-Clement

title: Author:Titus Flavius Clemens (d. 95)


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 praised God for the great work he did. Hundreds begged us to remain longer. We organized a Church of God with over two hundred members.

The last day of the meeting will ever be remembered by many. The tent was full. Several hundred testified to the power of God to save the soul, and many to the healing of the body. Jesus says, “Ye are my witnesses.” It made our hearts rejoice to hear "so many ringing testimonies.

At the closing service I preached from these words, “Little children, it is the last time,” The congregation seemed to realize that we were parting to meet again at the Judgment. Sadness rested upon the multitude as I exhorted the Christians to stand firm and hold out to the end, and plead with the sinner to come to Christ before it was too late; and thanked the different classes for every act of kindness shown to us while we were engaged in the great battle against the powers of darkness.

Christians and ministers from different churches thanked God we ever came to their city, and through us God had done such a wonderful work.

We felt the Lord was calling us to work in the State of Florida. We shipped our goods from Topeka, Kansas, to Jacksonville, Florida. We went by the way of St. Louis and stopped and held meetings for the Church of God five days. It was then one year and six months since I preached the first sermon in St. Louis, and the meetings had been going on every night since. It was nine months since I organized the church. We found nearly all the converts faithful and the church prospering spiritually and financially.

I wept for joy as I listened to the wonderful testimonies, how God had saved and kept them all these months. Many of them had been drunkards as low down as they could be. You could see no trace of a dissipated life. Many who had been hopeless invalids for years, those who had been lame and deaf, and blind, afflicted with all manner of diseases, praised God for making them every whit whole and keeping them well.

We visited Florida, New York City, Ohio, Illinois, Oregon, Kansas and then we commenced meeting in St. Louis, April 6th, 1893, in the Church of God Bethel. We found a large crowd,

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Page:ประมวล รธน - ๒๕๕๗ (๑).pdf/381

 Rights of family members are protected.

Persons have the right to individually or collectively submit petitions, subject to the conditions and procedure prescribed by the law.

The right of a person to sue a public agency with juristic personality to have it held liable for an act of its official is protected.

Persons who are members of the military, members of the police, public officials, or local officials have the rights and freedoms under the Constitution in the same manner as private citizens, save those restricted by the laws, statutes, or regulations issued by the virtue of the powers under the provisions of law in relation to politics, capability, or discipline only.

No person shall exercise the rights and freedoms under the Constitution in a manner adverse to the Nation, Religions, Monarch, and Constitution.

title: Page:ประมวล รธน - ๒๕๕๗ (๑).pdf/381


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Page:Aeronautics and Astronautics Chronology 1915-1960.pdf/34

 port, and long-range strategic guides missiles.

April 19: Project MX-774 inaugurated by AAF with Consolidated-Vultee to study rocket capabilities with an ICBM as a final objective.

April 22: Glenn L. Martin Co. contracted with the AAF to produce (under Project MX-771) a surface-to-surface guided missile (later designated the Matador).

 * U.S. Weather Bureau in cooperation with Army, Navy, NACA, Air Transport Association, and several universities, began series of flights into thunderstorms with pilotless P-61 "Black Widows" and piloted sailplanes to obtain scientific data.

May 8: Chief of Naval Operations directed BuAer to make preliminary investigation of earth satellite vehicle, such an investigation to "contribute to the advancement of knowledge in the field of guided missiles, communications, meteorology, and other technical fields with military applications."

May 16: AAF established an Institute of Technology at Wright Field to graduate 350 officers annually.

May 17: Original design and development of Aerobee sounding rocket begun when contract was given to Aerojet Engineering Corp.

 * First flight of Douglas XB-43, light jet-propelled bomber.

May 28: AAF initiated study of use of atomic propulsion for aircraft, Project NEPA.

May 29: War Department Equipment Board concluded in its report that missiles would play a prominent role in future warfare. It established requirements for seven types of missiles, including a strategic ground-to-ground missile for use at ranges from 150 to several thousand miles.

June 6: Joint Army-Navy Research and Development Board created for purpose of coordinating all activities of joint interest in fields of aeronautics, atomic energy, electronics, geographical exploration, geophysical sciences, and guided missiles.

June H: Navy established Naval Ordnance Missile Test Center at WSPG.

June 11: First meeting of the AAF Scientific Advisory Board met in the Pentagon, chaired by Theodore von Karman.

June 19: NACA Langley's PARD launched first successful control-surface research vehicle at Wallops Island for evaluating controllability with a roll rate transmitter and Doppler radar.

 * AAF contracted with Sverdrup & Parcel, Inc., for study utility and cost requirements, and site surveys for both an AAF Air Engineering Development Center, and a NACA National Scientific Research Center.

June 24: Office of Naval Research approved program for high-altitude manned flight, Project Helios, based upon concept presented by Jean Piccard in February for using clustered plastic balloons.

During June: First U.S. airborne infrared tests by US AAF.

July 6: Antiaircraft and Guided Missile Center activated at Fort Bliss, Tex.

July 9: Subcommittee of the Guided Missiles Committee of the JCS recommended that location be sought for a long-range missile proving ground.

July 21: First U.S. all turbojet to operate from an aircraft carrier, a McDonnell XFD-1 "Phantom" from the U.S.S. Franklin D. Roosevelt.

August 2: National Air Museum was established under the Smithsonian Institution by act of Congress.

August 6: Two unmanned B-17 drones flown from Hilo, Hawaii, to Muroc, Calif.

August 8: First flight of the XB-36, the development of which had begun in 1941.

August 17: Sergeant Lambert of Wright Field, Ohio, became the first person in the United States to be ejected from an airplane by means of emergency escape equipment (ejected from a P-61 airplane traveling 302 miles per hour at an altitude of 7,800 feet).

August 26: Army Ground Forces informed Chief of Staff that development of certain missiles had reached a point where an assignment of operational responsibility was possible.

September 17: Experimental booster for Nike R&D system first tested at WSPG.

September 30: 13 engineers, instrument technicians, and technical observers were ordered TDY from Langley Laboratory to the Air Force test facility at Muroc, Calif., to assist in the X-l flight research program. Named as the NACA Muroc Flight Test Unit, this group under Walter Williams was the origin of the NASA Flight Research Center at Edwards, Calif.

October 1: Naval Air Missile Test Center, Point Mugu, Calif., was established to conduct tests and evaluations of guided missiles and components.

 * Navy Lockheed PV-2, Truculent Turtle, set a record of nonstop long-distance flight, completing an 11,236-mile trip from Perth, Australia, to Columbus, Ohio, in 55 hours 15 minutes.

October 7: First of three XS-1 (later X-1) rocket research airplanes moved from Bell Aircraft's Niagara Falls plant to Muroc, Calif.

October 11: First glide flight of XS-1 (No. 2) by Chalmers Goodlin, Bell test pilot, at Muroc, Calif.

October 24: V-2 rocket No. 13 launched from WSPG carried camera which took motion pictures of the earth at approximately 65 miles altitude (pictures covered 40,000 square miles).

During October: Army Ordnance initiated Bumper Project for development leading to a two-stage rocket test vehicle, which resulted in use of JPL WAC Corporal as second stage of a V-2.

During Fall: Reaction Motors began design and development of rocket engine for the Navy Viking sounding rocket.

During November: First snow from a natural cloud produced by V. Schaefer of General Electric, the experiment carried out by means of dry-ice pellets dropped from a plane over Greylock Mountain, Mass.

December 8: First successful powered (RMI XLR-11 rocket engine) flight of an XS-1, flown by Chalmers Goodlin, Bell test pilot, reached a speed of 550 mph. This was first U.S. aircraft designed for supersonic speeds.

December 11: Space biological research program was initiated at Holloman AFB, N. Mex., by the National Institutes of Health.

 * Velocity and altitude record for single-stage rocket (3,600 mph and 116 miles altitude) made by V-2 at WSPG.

During 1946: Signal Corps by radio-echo transmissions between the Earth and the Moon, proved radio transmission across space was feasible with moderate power.

 * Jet Propulsion Laboratory under Army Ordnance contract developed the field of solid-propellant rocketry such as castable propellants, case bonding techniques, and radial burning techniques.

 * Daniel Guggenheim Medal for 15M6 awarded to Frank Whittle for development of jet propulsion engines.

 * Program of transonic and hypersonic free-flight research on ramjet and rocket-propelled test vehicles launched from piloted aircraft inaugurated at NACA Lewis Laboratory.

 * Commandant of the School of Aviation Medicine, Col. H. G. Armstrong, and the AAF Air Surgeon, Brig. Gen. M. C. Grow, proposed establishment of aeromedical center for research and teaching.

 * Office of Naval Research contracted with General Mills for construction of a cluster of 100 plastic balloons for high altitude atmosphere research (Project Helios).

During 1946-47: Transonic bump technique—using floor- or wall-mounted airfoil surface in subsonic wind tunnel to get transonic flow—developed in 7- by 10-foot wind tunnel at NACA Langley Labora 54


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 present to welcome us back, and amid the tears and shouts of joy we felt we were at home. We were made to rejoice to find the church in a good spiritual condition also for the beautiful house of worship which was dedicated while we were at Salem, Oregon, this being the first time we were permitted to meet in it. As we looked at the beautiful building, and saw this was the results of the battle we commenced in Kerry Patch amid the howling mob and showers of stones, we realized it is not by might nor by power, but it is by the Spirit of God. Hear him say: “I am the God of all flesh; is there anything too hard for me?” For three years Elder S. has had charge of the church and has had meeting every night. After hand-shaking was over we then had altar service. A number came and bowed, seeking Christ in the forgiveness of their sins; others for the healing of the body. The power of the Lord, thank God, was present to save the soul and heal the body. Some shouted aloud and gave glory to God; some wept for joy and fell prostrate under the power of the Lord. We could say, like Peter on the day of Pentecost: “This that you see and hear is the promise of the Father.” The interest increased daily. Six persons came over three hundred miles to attend the meeting; they remained three or four days. All received a blessing from on High; some had their bodies healed. One was healed of catarrh of the stomach of five years’ standing. He was healed instantly. They said: “We never saw it in this fashion,” and went home to tell what great things the Lord had done for them.

One sister came to the meeting with a blood tumor she had had for over a year. The physicians said she could not be cured. I laid hands on her and prayed for her; she was healed in a moment. The prayer of faith shall save the sick, and the Lord shall raise them up, saith God’s word. A girl fourteen years of age was healed of spinal disease she had suffered with for two years. She was in the hospital for treatment, and the physicians said she could not, get well. She came to the meeting all strapped up in braces, and was saved and healed instantly. Her mother took off the braces and carried them home. The child came back to the meeting in the evening perfectly well, and praised God for saving and healing her. The saints shouted victory, and God shook the city with a cyclone of his power, that multitudes were moved by the presence of God.

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 We received many letters from people in different States who, by hearing of the wonderful work God had done, were brought under conviction for the salvation of soul or healing of their body, begging us to pray for them that they might be saved or healed in their homes. Many came hundreds of miles to attend the meeting.

In every meeting the power of the Lord was present to heal soul and body. He backs up his word where he says, “And these signs shall follow them that believe.” The priests and scribes said of Peter and John that indeed a notable miracle hath been done by them is manifest to all them in Jerusalem, and we cannot deny it. Many in the city of St. Louis, after watching the work for the past four years, like the priests and scribes, have confessed that many miracles have been done.

We were pleased to find a brother and sister engaged in a meeting in evangelistic work in that city who were converted and healed in our meeting in Oakland, Cal. Time and space will not permit me to tell of the many wonderful works the Lord did in the Church of God Bethel during this meeting. We remained in the church till the first of June, then erected our tent in the southern part of St. Louis. From the first the meeting was attended by from one to three thousand. Many came from other States to enjoy the meeting and to eat at our Father’s table, which was so bountifully spread under the tent. Some were saved, others were healed in body and went home rejoicing. An evangelist who had been afflicted with rheumatism for over thirty years came nearly one hundred miles and was healed instantly, which caused him to leap and shout. The next day he walked several miles over the city. A man met with an accident in a shop three years before, and “had suffered great agony. Twenty-two physicians had treated him, but could do nothing for him except to relieve him a few moments at a time. His friends brought him to the meeting one afternoon. The pain and swelling left his body. He gave God the glory. His wife was saved, and his little boy was healed of neuralgia of the heart. . They now say, “As for me and my house, we will serve the Lord.”

A Bohemian lady, 82 years old, had been crippled all through her body with rheumatism for many years, and had to wear bandages on her limbs, was saved. and healed. The pain and

title: Page:Signswondersgodw0000wood.djvu/133


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 swelling left her body at once; the power of God took possession of her body, her youth was renewed and she shouted and praised God. While we did not understand her language, many were made to weep to hear her shout and to see the tears of gladness running down her dear old face. She went to work to bring her family to Christ. The next day she brought two of them to the altar, and they were saved and healed. One was healed of St. Vitus’s dance, the other of consumption. Next she brought her daughter, 59 years old, and two sons followed. Several others of the family accepted Christ. Although she accepted Christ at the eleventh hour she has won a number of stars for her crown.

We have told only a few of the wonderful cases of divine healing that God wrought in the tent-meeting.

The healing power was not confined to the tent alone, but many people in the city, and in other States, were healed instantly while we were engaged in prayer for them in the tent. Many drunkards were saved, and the appetite taken away. Many were saved who had been church members for years.

Space forbids writing of missions at Ohio, Indiana, California, etc., and I give a summary of first fourteen years’ work.

It is over fourteen years since I started out to stand between the living and the dead, to point sinners to the Lamb of God that taketh away the sins of the world. I have been going from one battlefield to another almost day and night. During this time I have traveled about thirty-five thousand three hundred and twenty-two miles, and held meetings in thirteen States; have stood before hundreds of thousands. The power of the Holy Ghost has gone out from these meetings all over the United States, and been felt in many places across the mighty deep in awakening power. God alone knows how many thousand souls have been born into the kingdom of our Lord Jesus Christ, and how many bodies have been healed by the power of the Lord. Thousands have been saved, from the age of fifty to eight-five; some past ninety. More than two-thirds that have been converted were past middle age.

Hundreds have gone out as ministers and evangelists in America, and to nearly all nations, and to the West Indies and

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text: Poems, Chiefly Lyrical/The Grasshopper

title: Poems, Chiefly Lyrical/The Grasshopper


text:
First Epistle

 * "First Epistle", a poem by Mihai Eminescu

title: First Epistle


text:
Page:Signswondersgodw0000wood.djvu/135

 Africa. Hundreds of those who have been blest in the meetings have died in the triumph of living faith. Many of these were very aged, plucked as brands from the eternal burnings. Many said with their last breath they would be waiting and watching for us at the beautiful gates.

I can say with Joshua, in all the promises the Lord has made, he has never failed in one, but has been with me in every trial and given grace and glory. He has conquered all my enemies and glorified his name again and again. What he has done in the past he will do in the future. I will trust him and go forward until he calls me from labor to reward. If we, as ministers, and churches, and as individuals, have passed through many trials and persecutions and have borne them patiently for Christ’s sake, we will in no wise lose our reward. Jesus says, “Let your heart leap for joy, for great is your reward in heaven.” We ought to thank God we are counted worthy to suffer for him. If we suffer for him we shall reign with him in glory. We know we belong to the company who are going up through great trials and tribulations, having our robes washed in the blood of the Lamb.

When the herald shall shout: “Behold, the bridegroom, cometh! Go ye out to meet him,” what a sight will burst on our raptured vision, as we see the King of Heaven coming! Jesus came to save us from the curse of sin; to restore all that was lost by the fall. Jesus died in the prime of life, in the strength and vigor of manhood. We shall be like him; these “bodies of our humiliation” shall be changed and made like unto the glorious Son of God, not to be unclothed, but clothed upon with immortality. Oh, what a happy meeting that will be! Whole families and friends will rise up from the old churchyards and clasp each other in a long embrace, which will last forever; parents and children shall meet, husbands and wives, brothers and sisters, friends and neighbors, pastors and flocks. Those who are alive will be changed in a moment, set free from the effects of sin, and be clothed with the glory of heaven.

title: Page:Signswondersgodw0000wood.djvu/135


text: Page:Poems, chiefly lyrical.pdf/115

title: Page:Poems, chiefly lyrical.pdf/115


text:
Second Epistle

 * "Second Epistle", a poem by Mihai Eminescu

title: Second Epistle


text: Signs and Wonders God Wrought in the Ministry for Forty Years/Chapter 23


text:
Third Epistle

 * "Third Epistle", a poem by Mihai Eminescu

title: Third Epistle


text: Page:Poems, chiefly lyrical.pdf/116

title: Page:Poems, chiefly lyrical.pdf/116


text:
Page:Signswondersgodw0000wood.djvu/137

 Sinners were struck down and came out praising the Lord, and as their companions looked at them lying there, as if they were dead, it put the fear of God on them. Some had Visions of Hell and the Judgment, others of the Broad Road of Destruction; others of the Ladder reaching to Heaven whiter than snow, and the white robed saints going up, with the angels all around them, Christian men, women, and children fell, and lay for hours. Some lay all night. Some were struck down in their homes, and many were healed. The Holy fire spread all over the surrounding country, and went in all churches.

I must again omit several accounts. From St. Louis, Mo., I went to Lisbon, Salem and Canton, Ohio. Held meetings in the Tabernacle six years before in Canton. This time I held setvices in the Church of God. Most of the church had been converted when we were there before. The minister who had charge of the church was called to the ministry, and anointed for the work at our meeting held in the Tabernacle.

From Canton we went back to St. Louis, and stayed a short time with the Church of God. I felt the care and responsibility of the church was too much for me with the work I am called to do as an Evangelist, so I gave the church with five hundred members, that I had cared for for five years, to the care of the Southern Indiana eldership of the Church of God, which they gladly received. I am no longer responsible for the prosperity of the church. The church and the work we have done in the hands of the Lord, is more established and appreciated by the people of

St. Louis than ever before.

During our meeting at this place the editors of the different papers stood by the work and gave grand reports of the wonderful works the Lord was doing in the city. God bless them, they will never know the good they did until Eternity, when the Books are opened and all will be rewarded for the good they have done. The interest continued to increase until the close. The night we closed, the house was packed to the outside door at six o’clock, and many were turned away. The altar was filled with seekers to the last.

title: Page:Signswondersgodw0000wood.djvu/137


text: Poems, Chiefly Lyrical/Love, Pride and Forgetfulness


text: Signs and Wonders God Wrought in the Ministry for Forty Years/Chapter 24


text:
Page:Signswondersgodw0000wood.djvu/139

 most of them, were dead spiritually. Almost all the help we had was from those, who had attended our revival at Carroll. The converts and other Christians from Carroll came thirty and forty at one time, and marched to the front like brave soldiers.

One day kneeling side by side at the altar there was one woman sixty years of age, one seventy-five and an old man seventy-three; they were all saved about the same time, and arose praising God for saving them at the eleventh hour. They shouted and leaped around like as though they were sixteen years of age. Their youth was renewed.

Many of the leading business men of the town and surrounding country and many-of the best farmers were brought to Christ. People came to this meeting from the surrounding country on the cars and in buggies.

A lady came from Mount Pleasant, Iowa, almost two hundred and fifty miles. She was healed at our meeting at Columbus Junction about eight months before of cancer of the stomach. Seventeen doctors had given her up to die. She had since her healing gained fifty pounds, and is now well, and living in the State of Iowa. Her testimony cannot be doubted; God carried conviction to the people’s hearts as she stood up and declared what the Lord had done for her, and how wonderfully she was healed.

title: Page:Signswondersgodw0000wood.djvu/139


text:
Page:Richard III (1927) Yale.djvu/71

Richard the Third, III. i

Buck. Welcome, sweet prince, to London, to your chamber.

Rich. Welcome, dear cousin, my thoughts' sovereign;

The weary way hath made you melancholy.

Prince. No, uncle; but our crosses on the way

Have made it tedious, wearisome, and heavy:

I want more uncles here to welcome me.

Rich. Sweet prince, the untainted virtue of your years

Hath not yet div'd into the world's deceit:

No more can you distinguish of a man

Than of his outward show; which, God he knows,

Seldom or never jumpeth with the heart.

Those uncles which you want were dangerous;

Your Grace attended to their sugar'd words,

But look'd not on the poison of their hearts:

God keep you from them, and from such false friends!

Prince. God keep me from false friends! but they were none.

Rich. My lord, the Mayor of London comes to greet you.

 Scene One S. d. Cardinal; cf. n.

1 chamber: royal residence

4 crosses: vexations

11 jumpeth: agrees

16 Cf. n.

title: Page:Richard III (1927) Yale.djvu/71


text: Signs and Wonders God Wrought in the Ministry for Forty Years/Chapter 25


text: Index:Peterson's Magazine 1852, Volume XXII B.pdf


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Evans, Richard (4)


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Evans, Richard (5)


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Evans, Richard (6)


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Evans, Richard (7)


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Evans, Richard (8)


text: Richard III (1927) Yale/Text/Act III

title: Richard III (1927) Yale/Text/Act III


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Evans, Ritharch


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Evan, Robert (1)


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Evan, Robert (2)


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Evans, Robert (1)


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Evans, Robert (2)


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88 Since you will buckle fortune on my back,

To bear her burthen, whe'r I will or no,

I must have patience to endure the load:

But if black scandal or foul-fac'd reproach

Attend the sequel of your imposition,

Your mere enforcement shall acquittance me

From all the impure blots and stains thereof;

For God doth know, and you may partly see,

How far I am from the desire of this.

L. May. God bless your Grace! we see it, and will say it.

Rich. In saying so, you shall but say the truth.

Buck. Then I salute you with this royal title:

Long live King Richard, England's worthy king!

All. Amen.

Buck. To-morrow may it please you to be crown'd?

Rich. Even when you please, for you will have it so.

Buck. To-morrow then we will attend your Grace:

And so most joyfully we take our leave.

Rich. [To the Bishops.] Come, let us to our holy work again.

Farewell, my cousin;—farewell, gentle friends.

Exeunt.

 230 imposition: action in imposing this burden

231 acquittance: acquit

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text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Evans, Robert (3)


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Evans, Robert (4)


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Evans, Robert (5)


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Evans, Robert (6)


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Evans, Robert (7)


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Rh

The stay which we had made here of six weeks, and four days, together with the abundance of fresh provisions which we enjoyed, and the constant exercise we used, had contributed to recover all those who had been ill of the scurvy at our arrival, and given new strength to the rest. However it is much to be doubted, whether we should have preserved our health so well as we did, without the use of the fermented liquor or spruce-beer which we brewed. The climate of Dusky Bay, is I must own, its greatest inconvenience, and can never be supposed a healthy one. During the whole of our stay, we had only one week of continued fair weather, all the rest of the time the rain predominated. But perhaps the climate was less noxious to Englishmen than to any other nation, because it is analagous to their own. Another inconvenience in Dusky Bay is the want of celery, scurvy-grass, and other antiscorbutics, which may be found in great plenty at Queen Charlotte's sound, and many parts in New Zeeland. The intricate forests which clothe the ground, the prodigious steepness of the hills, which on that account are almost incapable of cultivation, and the virulent bite of sand-flies, which causes ulcers like the small-pox, are certainly disagreeable circumstances; but of small consequence to those who only put in here for refreshment, when compared to the former. With all its defects, Dusky Bay is one of the finest places


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 incessant perils which had beset him since he entered upon his public career.

"I am a fool!" he said, "and worse than a fool, to set light by that which Heaven has so often preserved in the most marvellous manner. Something there yet remains for me in this world, were it only to bear my sorrows like a man, and to aid those who need my assistance. What have I seen,—what have I heard but the very conclusion of that which I knew was to happen? They"—(he durst not utter their names, even in soliloquy)—"they are embarrassed and in difficulties. She is stripped of her inheritance, and he seems rushing on some dangerous career, with which, but for the low voice in which he spoke, I might have become acquainted. Are there no means to aid or to warn them?"

As he pondered upon this topic, forcibly withdrawing his mind from his own disappointment, and compelling its attention to the affairs of Edith and her betrothed


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 husband, the letter of Burley, long forgotten, suddenly rushed on his memory, like a ray of light darting through a mist.

"Their ruin must have been his work," was his internal conclusion—"If it can be repaired, it must be through his means, or by information obtained from him. I will search him out. Stern, crafty, and enthusiastic as he is, my plain and downright rectitude of purpose has more than once prevailed with him. I will seek him out, at least, and who knows what influence the information I may acquire from him may have on the fortunes of those whom I shall never see more, and who will probably never learn that I am now suppressing my own grief to add, if possible, to their happiness."

Animated by these hopes, though the foundation was but slight, he sought the nearest way to the high-road, and as all the tracks through the valley were known to him since he hunted through them in youth, he had no other difficulty than


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 that of surmounting one or two enclosures, ere he found himself on the road to the small burgh where the feast of the popinjay had been celebrated. He journeyed in a state of mind sad indeed and dejected; yet relieved from its earlier and more intolerable state of anguish; for virtuous resolution and manly disinterestedness seldom fail to restore tranquillity even where they cannot create happiness. He turned his thoughts with strong effort upon the means of discovering Burley, and the chance there was of extracting from him any knowledge which he might possess favourable to her in whose cause he interested himself, and at length formed the resolution of guiding himself by the circumstances in which he might discover the object of his quest, trusting, that, from Cuddie's account of a schism betwixt Burley and his brethren of the presbyterian persuasion, he might find him less rancorously disposed against Miss Bellenden, and inclined to exert the power which he


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 asserted that he possessed over her fortunes more favourably than heretofore.

Noontide had passed away when our traveller found himself in the neighbour, hood of his deceased uncle's habitation of Milnwood. It rose among glades and groves that were chequered with a thousand early recollections of joy and sorrow, and made upon Morton that mournful impression, soft and affecting, yet, withal, soothing, which the sensitive mind usually receives from a return to the haunts of childhood and early. youth, after having experienced the vicissitudes and tempests of public life. A strong desire came upon him to visit the house itself.

"Old Alison," he thought, "will not know me, more than the honest, couple whom I saw yesterday. I may indulge my curiosity, and proceed on my journey, with out her having any knowledge of my existence. I think they said my uncle had bequeathed to her my family mansion—Well—be it so. I have enough to sorrow for,


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Evans, Robert (8)


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Evans, Robert (9)


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Evans, Robert (10)


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Evans, Roger


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Evans, Rowland


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Rh

THE SOCIALIST— WHAT HE IS, AND WHY
AMERICAN socialism is not a political doctrine; it is a state of mind. A man is an active socialist because he is afflicted with congenital insurgency: he was born a rebel. He rebels, not only against "the established order" in government, but against pretty nearly everything that takes his attention and enlists his thought, though not many things do. He is hospitable to only one idea at a time, in the service of which he foregoes the advantage of knowing much of anything else. He commonly, however, has an observing eye and a deep disesteem for the decent customs and conventionalities of his time and place. The man in jail for publication of immoralities is always a socialist, and the socialist "organ" has usually a profitable "line" of indecent advertisements.

As the socialist erroneously regards the criminal, so he is himself rightly to be regarded. He is no heretic to be reclaimed,


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 besides lamenting such a disappointment as that; and yet methinks he has chosen an odd successor in my grumbling old dame, to a line of respectable, if not distinguished, ancestry. Let it be as it may, I will visit the old mansion at least once more."

The house of Milnwood, even in its best days, had nothing cheerful about it, but its gloom appeared to be doubled under the auspices of the old housekeeper. Every thing indeed was in repair; there were no slates deficient upon the steep grey roof, and no panes broken in the narrow windows. But the grass in the court-yard looked as if the foot of man had not been there for years; the doors were carefully locked, and that which admitted to the hall seemed to have been shut for a length of time, since the spiders had fairly drawn their webs over the door-way and the staples. Living sight or sound there was none, until, after much knocking, Morton heard the little window, through which it


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 was usual to reconnoitre visitors, open with much caution. The face of Alison, puckered with some score of wrinkles, in addition to those with which it was furrowed when Morton left Scotland, now presented itself, enveloped in a toy, from under the protection of which some of her grey tresses had escaped in a manner more picturesque than beautiful, while her shrill tremulous voice demanded the cause of the knocking.

"I wish to speak an instant with one Alison Wilson who resides here," said Henry.

"She's no at hame the day," answered Mrs Wilson, in propria persona, the state of whose head-dress, perhaps, inspired her with this direct mode of denying herself; "and ye are but a mislear'd person to speer for her in sic a manner. Ye might hae had an M under your belt for Mistress Wilson of Milawood."

"I beg pardon," said Morton, internally


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Evanes, Rowland


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Persons have the duty to maintain the Nation, Religions, Monarch, and administration under the democratic regime according to this Constitution.

Persons have the duty to defend the country.

Persons have the duty to undertake military service as prescribed by the law.

Persons have the duty to observe the law.

In exercising the right to vote in elections and the right to vote in referendums, persons have the duty to act in good faith.

Persons have the duty to pay taxes and duties as prescribed by the law.

Persons have the duty to assist in public services as prescribed by the law.

Persons have the duty to receive education, subject to the conditions and procedure prescribed by the law.

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text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Evans, Roland


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Evans, Samuel (1)


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Evans, Samuel (2)


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 smiling at finding in old Ailie the same jealousy of disrespect which she used to exhibit upon former occasions—"I beg pardon; I am but a stranger in this country, and have been so long abroad, that I have almost forgotten my own language?"

"Did ye come frae foreign parts?" said Ailie; "then maybe ye may hae heard of a young gentleman of this country that they ca' Henry Morton?"

"I have heard," said Morton, "of such a name in Germany."

"Then bide a wee bit where ye are, friend—or stay—gang round by the back o' the house, and ye'll find a laigh door; it's on the latch, for it's never barred till sunset.—Ye'll open't—and tak care ye dinna fa' ower the tub, for: the entry's dark—and then ye'll turn to the right, and then ye'll haud straught forward, and then ye'll turn to the right again, and ye'll tak heed o' the cellar stairs, and then ye'll be at the door o' the little kitchen—it's a'


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 the kitchen that's at Milnwood now—and I'll come down t'ye, and whate'er ye wad say to Mistress Wilson ye may very safely tell it to me."

A stranger might have had some difficulty, notwithstanding the minuteness of the directions supplied by Ailie, to pilot himself in safety through the dark labyrinth of passages that led from the backdoor to the little kitchen, but Henry was too well acquainted with the navigation of these streights to experience danger, either from the Seylla which lurked on one side in shape of a bucking-tub, or the Charybdis which yawned on the other in the profundity of a winding cellar-stair. His only impediment arose from the snarling and vehement barking of a small cocking spaniel, once his own property, but which, unlike to the faithful Argus, saw his master return from his wanderings without any symptom of recognition.

"The little dogs and all!" said Morten to himself, on being disowned by his form-


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 er favourite. "I am so changed that no breathing creature that I have known and loved will now acknowledge me."

At this moment he had reached the kitchen, and soon after the tread of Alison's high heels, and the pat of the crutch-handled cane, which served at once to prop and to guide her footsteps, were heard upon the stairs, an annunciation which continued for some time ere she fairly reached the kitchen.

Morton had, therefore, time to survey the slender preparations for housekeeping, which were now sufficient in the house of his ancestors. The fire, though coals are plenty in that neighbourhood, was husbanded with the closest attention to economy of fuel, and the small pipkin, in which was preparing the dinner of the old woman and her maid-of-all-work, a girl of twelve years old, intimated, by its thin and watery vapour, that Ailie had not mended her cheer with her improved fortune.


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 When she entered, the head which nodded with self-importance—the features in which an irritable peevishness, acquired by habit and indulgence, strove with a temper naturally affectionate and good-natured—the coif—the apron—the blue checked gown, were all those of old Ailie; but laced pinners, hastily put on to meet the stranger, with some other trifling articles of decoration, marked the difference between Mrs Wilson of Milnwood and the housekeeper of the late proprietor.

"What were ye pleased to want wi' Mrs Wilson, sir?—I am Mrs Wilson," was her first address; for the five minutes time which she had gained for the business of the toilette, entitled her, she conceived, to assume the full merit of her illustrious name, and shine forth on her guest in unchastened splendour. Morton's sensations, confounded between the past and present, fairly confused him so much, that he would have had difficulty in answering her, even if he had known well what to say. But as


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 he had not determined what character he was, to adopt while concealing that which was properly his own, he had an additional reason for remaining silent. Mrs Wilson, in perplexity, and with some, apprehension, repeated her question.

"What were ye pleased to want wi' me, sir? Ye said ye kenn'd Mr Harry Morton?"

"Pardon me, madam," answered Henry; "it was of one. Silas Morton I spoke."

The old woman's countenance fell.

"It was his father then ye kent o', the brother o' the late Milnwood,—ye canna mind him abroad, I wad think—he was come hame afore ye were born. I thought ye had brought me news of poor Maister Harry."

"It was from my father I learned to know Colonel Morton," said Henry; "of the son I knew little or nothing; rumour says he died abroad on his passage to Holland."

"That's ower like to be true, and mony


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Evans, Thomas (1)


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Evans, Thomas (2)


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Evans, Thomas (3)


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 a tear it's cost my auld e'en. His uncle, poor gentleman, just sough'd awa' wi' it in his mouth. He had been gi'eing me preceeze directions anent the bread and the wine, and the brandy, at his burial, and how often it was to be handed round the company, (for, dead or alive, he was a prudent, frugal, pains-taking man) and then he said, said he, 'Ailie,' (he aye ca'd me Ailie, we were auld acquaintance) 'Ailie, take ye care and haud the gear weel thegither; for the name of Morton of Milnwood's ga'en out like the last sough of an auld sang.' And sae he fell out o' ae dwam into another, and ne'er spake a word mair, unless it were something we cou'dna mak out, about a dipped candle being gude aneugh to see to die wi'.—He cou'd ne'er bide to see a moulded ane, and there was ane, by ill luck, on the table."

While Mrs Wilson was thus detailing the last moments of the old miser, Morton was pressingly engaged in diverting the assiduous curiosity of the dog, which, re-


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 covered from his first surprise, and combining former recollections, had, after much snuffing and examination, begun a course of capering and jumping upon the stranger which threatened every instant to betray him. At length, in the urgency of his impatience, Morton could not forbear exclaiming, in a tone of hasty impatience, "Down, Elphin! Down, sir!"

"Ye ken our dog's name," said the old lady, struck with great and sudden surprise—"ye ken our dog's name, and it's no a common ane. And the creature kens you too," she continued, in a more agitated and shriller tone—"God guide us! it's my ain bairn!"

So saying, the poor old woman threw herself around Morton's neck, clung to him, kissed him as if he had been actually her child, and wept for joy. There was no parrying the discovery, if he could have had the heart to attempt any further disguise. He returned the embrace with the most grateful warmth, and answered—


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Evans, Thomas (5)


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Evans, Thomas (6)


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Evans, Thomas (7)


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Evanes, Thomas


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 "I do indeed live, dear Ailie, to thank you for all your kindness, past and present, and to rejoice that there is at least one friend to welcome me to my native country."

"Friends!" exclaimed Ailie, "ye'll hae mony friends—ye'll hae mony friends; for ye will hae gear, hinny—ye will hae gear. Heaven mak ye a gude guide o't! But, eh, sirs!" she continued, pushing him back from her with her trembling hand and shrivelled arm, and gazing in his face as if to read, at more convenient distance, the ravages which sorrow rather than time had made on his face—"Eh, sirs! ye're sair altered, hinny, your face is turned pale, and your e'en are sunken, and your bonny red-and-white cheeks is turned a' dark and sun-burned. O weary on the wars! mony's the comely face they destroy.—And when cam ye here, hinny? And where hae ye been? —And what hae ye been doing ?—And what for did ye na write till us?—And how cam ye to pass yoursel for dead?—And


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Evans, Thomas (8)


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 what for did ye come creeping to your ain house as if ye had been an unco body, to gi'e poor auld Ailie sic a start?" she concluded, smiling through her tears.

It was some time ere Morton could overcome his own emotion so as to give the kind old woman the information which, we shall communicate to our readers in the next Chapter.


text: The Zoologist/3rd series, vol 1 (1877)/Issue 7/Proceedings of Scientific Societies


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 portrait of her grandfather Fergus, third Earl of Torwood, the handsomest man of his time, and that of Countess Jane, his second lady, who had a hump-back and only one eye. This was his Majesty's observation, she said, on one remarkable morning when he deigned to take his disjune"

"Nay," said Miss Buskbody, again interrupting me, "if she bring such authority to countenance her acquiescing in a misalliance, there was no more to be said.—And what became of old Mrs What's her name, the housekeeper?"

"Mrs Wilson, madam," answered I; "she was perhaps the happiest of the party; for once a year, and not oftener, Mr and Mrs Melville Morton dined in the great wainscotted-chamber in solemn state, the hangings being all displayed, the carpet laid down, and the huge brass-candlesticks set on the table, stuck round with  leaves of laurel. The preparing the room for this yearly festival employed her mind


text: The Zoologist/3rd series, vol 1 (1877)/Issue 8/Proceedings of Scientific Societies


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 slavery, among the punishments consequent upon the fall of man." But, in practice, their two roads separated. For the Man of Geneva saw difficulties in the way of the Scripture proof in the cases of Deborah and Huldah, and in the prophecy of Isaiah that queens should be the nursing mothers of the Church. And as the Bible was not decisive, he thought the subject should be let alone, because, "by custom and public consent and long practice, it has been established that realms and principalities may descend to females by hereditary right, and it would not be lawful to unsettle governments which are ordained by the peculiar providence of God." I imagine Knox's ears must have burned during this interview. Think of him listening dutifully to all this—how it would not do to meddle with anointed kings—how there was a peculiar providence in these great affairs; and then think of his own peroration, and the "noble heart" whom he looks for "to vindicate the liberty of his country;" or his answer to Queen Mary, when she asked him who he was, to interfere in the affairs of Scotland:—"Madam, a subject born within the same!" Indeed, the two doctors who differed at this private conversation represented, at the moment, two principles of enormous import in the subsequent history of Europe. In Calvin we have represented that


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PETERSON'S MAGAZINE.

Vol. XXIV.

"BUNYAN," says Macauley, "is as decidedly the first of allegorists as Demosthenes is the first of orators, or Shakspeare the first of dramatists." In this eulogy all the great critics of English literature con cur, whatever their creed, their social rank, or the taste of their generation. The "Pilgrim's Progress" is, indeed, alike the wonder of the learned and the delight of the people. It reads like a narrative of actual occurrences, rather than a fiction, much less like an allegory. We seem to know Christian as well almost as if we had fallen into the Slough of Despond with him ; as if we had felt the weight of that awful load on our own shoulders; as if we had started back in terror at the lions in the path; as if we had fallen, foot sore, at the gate of the palace Beautiful; as if we had traversed the Valley of the Shadow of Death, seen the smoke ascending from the pit, heard the wailings, beheld Appolym darken the air, and fought at the pilgrim's side with the arch fiend. To us the Castle of Despair, and its grim giant, are no ideal creations, but substantial facts, at the mere memory of which our blood runs cold. We have, as it were, ourselves seen the Delectable Mountains; beheld the pilgrims go down into the water; and heard, though faint and far, the very harps with which the angels welcome the redeemed up into the shining city.

John Bunyan was a tinker's son, and himself, for years, a tinker. He was born at Elstow,


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 passive obedience, that toleration of injustice and absurdity, that holding back of the hand from political affairs as from something unclean, which lost France, if we are to believe M. Michelet, for the Reformation; a spirit necessarily fatal in the long run to the existence of any sect that may profess it; a suicidal doctrine that survives among us to this day in narrow views of personal duty, and the low political morality of many virtuous men. In Knox, on the other hand, we see foreshadowed the whole Puritan Revolution and the scaffold of Charles I.

There is little doubt in my mind that this interview was what caused Knox to print his book without a name. It was a dangerous thing to contradict the Man of Geneva, and doubly so, surely, when one had had the advantage of correction from him in a private conversation; and Knox had his little flock of English refugees to consider. If they had fallen into bad odour at Geneva, where else was there left to flee to? It was printed, as I said, in 1558; and, by a singular mal-à-propos, in that same year Mary died, and Elizabeth succeeded to the throne of England. And just as the accession of Catholic Queen Mary


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THE SHIPWRECK. Engraved expressly for Petersons Magazite


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THE

RISING

MOON.


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 had condemned female rule in the eyes of Knox, the accession of Protestant Queen Elizabeth justified it in the eyes of his colleagues. Female rule ceases to be an anomaly, not because Elizabeth can "reply to eight ambassadors in one day in their different languages," but because she represents for the moment the political future of the Reformation. The exiles troop back to England with songs of praise in their mouths. The bright occidental star, of which we have all read in the Preface to the Bible, has risen over the darkness of Europe. There is a thrill of hope through the persecuted Churches of the Continent. Calvin writes to Cecil, washing his hands of Knox and his political heresies. The sale of the "First Blast" is prohibited in Geneva; and along with it the bold book of Knox's colleague, Goodman—a book dear to Milton—where female rule was briefly characterised as a "monster in nature and disorder among men." Any who may ever have doubted, or been for a moment led away by Knox or Goodman, or their own wicked imaginations, are now more than convinced. They have seen the occidental star. Aylmer, with his eye set greedily on a possible bishopric, and "the better to obtain the favour of the new Queen," sharpens


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THE SUMMER NOON.


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 1


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 Engraved expressly for Fotory on M.


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 his pen to confound Knox by logic. What need? He has been confounded by facts. "Thus what had been to the refugees of Geneva as the very word of God, no sooner were they back in England than, behold! it was the word of the devil."

Now, what of the real sentiments of these loyal subjects of Elizabeth? They professed a holy horror for Knox's position: let us see if their own would please a modern audience any better, or was, in substance, greatly different.

John Aylmer, afterwards Bishop of London, published an answer to Knox, under the title of An Harbour for Faithful and true Subjects against the late Blown Blast, concerning the government of Women. And certainly he was a thought more acute, a thought less precipitate and simple, than his adversary. He is not to be led away by such captious terms as natural and unnatural. It is obvious to him that a woman's disability to rule is not natural in the same sense in which it is natural for a stone to fall or fire to burn. He is doubtful, on the whole, whether this disability be natural at all; nay, when he