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RAAF Captures Flying Saucer on Ranch in Roswell Region

RAAF Captures Flying Saucer On Ranch in Roswell Region
No Details of Flying Disk Are Revealed

Roswell Hardware Man and Wife Report Disk Seen

The intelligence office of the 509th Bombardment group at Roswell Army Air Field announced at noon today, that the field has come into possession of a flying saucer.

According to information released by the department, over authority of Maj. J. A. Marcel, intelligence officer, the disk was recovered on a ranch in the Roswell vicinity, after an unidentified rancher had notified Sheriff Geo. Wilcox, here, that he had found the instrument on his premises.

Major Marcel and a detail from his department went to the ranch and recovered the disk, it was stated.

After the intelligence office here had inspected the instrument it was flown to "higher headquarters."

The intelligence office stated that no details of the saucer's construction or its appearance had been revealed.

Mr. and Mrs. Dan Wilmot apparently were the only persons in Roswell who have seen what they thought was a flying disk.

They were sitting on their porch at 105 South Penn. last Wednesday night at about ten minutes before ten o'clock when a large glowing object zoomed out of the sky from the southeast, going in a northwesterly direction at a high rate of speed.

Wilmot called Mrs. Wilmot's attention to it and both ran down into the yard to watch. It was in sight less then a minute, perhaps 40 or 50 seconds, Wilmot estimated.

Wilmot said that it appeared to him to be about 1,500 feet high and going fast. He estimated between 400 and 500 miles per hour.

In appearance it looked oval in shape like two inverted saucers, faced mouth to mouth, or like two old type washbowls placed together in the same fashion. The entire body glowed as though light were showing through from inside, though not like it would be if a light were merely underneath.

From where he stood Wilmot said that the object looked to be about 5 feet in size, and making allowance for the distance it was from town he figured that it must have been 15 or 20 feet in diameter, though this was just a guess.

Wilmot said that he heard no sound but that Mrs. Wilmot said she heard a swishing sound for a very short time.

The object came into view from the southeast and disappeared over the treetops in the general vicinity of six-mile hill.

Wilmot, who is one of the most respected and reliable citizens in town, kept the story to himself hoping that someone else would come out and tell about having seen one, but finally today decided that he would go ahead and tell about seeing it. The announcement that the RAAF was in possession of one came only a few minutes after he decided to release the details of what he had seen.


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 * (9) Subject to the provisions of this Article, the terms of service of the State Advocate-General shall either—
 * (a) be determined by or under any law made under this Constitution ; or
 * (b) (in so far as they are not determined by or under any such law) be determined by the Yang di-Pertuan Negara.

 * (10) The terms of service of the State Advocate-General shall not be altered to his disadvantage during his continuance in office.

 * (11) For the purposes of the preceding clause, in so far as the terms of service of the State Advocate-General depend upon his option, any terms for which he opts shall be taken to be more advantageous to him than any for which he might have opted.

20. (1) The Yang di-Pertuan Negara acting in accordance with the advice of the Prime Minister may appoint a public officer to be the Secretary to the Cabinet.

 * (2) The Secretary to the Cabinet shall be responsible, in accordance with such instructions as may be given to him by the Prime Minister, for arranging the business for, and keeping the minutes of, the meetings of the Cabinet and for conveying the decisions of the Cabinet to the appropriate person or authority and shall have such other functions as the Prime Minister may from time to time direct.

21. (1) The State shall have power to acquire, hold and dispose of Capacity of property of any kind and to make contracts.
 * (2) The State may sue and be sued.

22. The Legislature of the State shall consist of the Yang di-Pertuan Negara and the Legislative Assembly.

23. (1) The Legislative Assembly shall consist of such number of elected Members as the Legislature may by law provide, and until other provision is so made, the number of Members shall be fifty-one.

 * (2) If any person who is not a Member of the Legislative Assembly is elected as Speaker, he shall by virtue of holding the office of Speaker, be a Member of the Legislative Assembly in addition to the Members aforesaid, except for the purposes of Chapter 3 of Part I and of Article 30 of this Constitution.


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 Rh the German syndicalists and representatives of the German Labor Unions declared that the present day "free" unions of Germany were hopeless, that it was necessary to destroy them and only by destroying them it will be possible to conquer the bourgeoisie. The representatives of the I. W. W. held the same viewpoint. In their opinion the American Federation of Labor is an invincible fortress. The only thing to do was to abandon it and set up a separate organization outside of it. They further asserted that the reactionary character of the American Federation of Labor is bound up with its very construction and to think of fighting the treacherous policy of Gompers inside the unions was an Utopia. … Both the German and the American comrades were clearly illogical, for it is ridiculous to think that it is possible to bring about a social revolution in Western Europe without or in spite of the trade unions. To leave the unions and to set up small independent unions is an evidence of weakness.

It is obvious that a conference of representatives of trade unions of various countries could not adopt a point of despair, and it was resolved to "condemn the tactics of advanced revolutionary elements leaving the existing unions. On the contrary, these, must take all measures to drive the opportunists out of the unions, carry on a methodical propaganda for Communism within the unions, and form Communist and revolutionary groups in all the organizations for conducting propaganda in favor of our programme."

That the conference took up the correct point of view is proved by the Second Congress of the Third International which sharply opposed the tactics of leaving the unions. The motto put forward by the Communist International, and which is our motto also, is: "Not the destruction, but the conquest of the trade unions."


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Rh begun to repent on their death bed; this is true, I do not deny it; still the doctrine, in accordance, be it observed, with the ultra-Protestantism of this age, evidently sacrifices the better part of the community to the less deserving. Should the foregoing reasoning seem to dwell too much on the question of comfortableness and uncomfortableness, not of truth, I reply, first, that I have already stated that Scripture, as interpreted by tradition, does not teach the doctrine; next, that I am arguing against the Romanists, who are accustomed to recommend their communion on the very ground of its being safer, more satisfactory, and more comfortable.

6. The Invocation of Saints. Here again the practice should be considered, not the theory. Scripture speaks clearly and solemnly about Christ as the sole Mediator. When prayer to the Saints is recommended at all times and places, as ever present guardians, and their good works pleaded in God's sight, is not this such an infringement upon the plain word of God, such a violation of our allegiance to our only Saviour, as must needs be an insult to Him? His honour He will not give to another. Can we with a safe conscience do it? Should we act thus in a parallel case even with an earthly friend? Does not St. John's example warn us against falling down before angels? Does not St. Paul warn us against a voluntary humility and worshipping of angels? And are not these texts indications of God's will, which ought to guide our conduct? Is it not safest not to pay them this extraordinary honour? As an illustration of what I mean, I will quote the blessing pronounced by the Pope on the assembled people at Easter:—

"The holy Apostles Peter and Paul, from whom has been derived our power and authority, themselves intercede for us to the Lord. Amen."

"For the prayers and righteous deeds of the blessed Mary, ever Virgin, of the blessed Michael the Archangel, of the blessed John the Baptist, of the holy Apostles Peter and Paul, and of all the saints. Almighty God have mercy upon you, and Jesus Christ absolve you from all your sins, and bring you to life everlasting. Amen."

"The Almighty and merciful Lord, grant to you pardon, absolution, and remission of all your sins, time for true and fruitful penitence, an ever

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14 penitent heart, and amendment of life, the grace and comfort of the Holy Ghost, and final perseverance in good works. Amen."

"And the blessing of God Almighty, the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost, come down upon you and remain with you always. Amen."

7. The Worship of Images might here be added to these instances of grievances which Christians endure in the Communion of Rome, were it not that in England its rulers seem, at present, to have suspended the practice out of policy, though it is expressly recommended by the Council of Trent, as if an edifying usage. In consequence of this decree of the Church, no one can become a Romanist, without implying his belief that the usage is edifying and right; and this itself is a grievance, even though the usage be in this or that place dispensed with.

Such and such-like are the subjects which, it is conceived, should be brought into controversy, in disputing with Romanists at the present day. An equally important question remains to be discussed; viz. What the sources are, whence we are to gather our opinions of Popery. Here the Romanists complain of their opponents, that, instead of referring to the authoritative documents of their Church, Protestants avail themselves of any errors or excesses of individuals in it, as if the Church were responsible for acts and opinions which it does not enjoin. Thus the legends of relics, superstitions about images, the cruelty of particular prelates or kings, or the accidental fury of a populace, are unfairly imputed to the Church itself. Again, the profligacy of the Popes, at various periods, is made an argument against their religious pretensions as successors to St. Peter; whereas Caiaphas himself had the gift of prophecy, and it is, as they consider, a memorable and instructive circumstance, that in matter of fact, among their worst popes are found the instruments, in God's hand, of some of the most important and salutary acts of the Church. Accordingly they claim to be judged by their formal documents, especially by the decrees of the Council of Trent.

Now here we shall find the truth to lie between the two contending parties. Candour will oblige us to grant that the mere acts of individuals should not be imputed to the body; certainly

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 182 It may have been possible on other questions to com- promise in order to secure agreement, but on this cardinal question of international labor policy no compromise was possible.

These conferences ended in the acceptance of a declaration which should serve as a basis for gathering all the revolutionary class unions into one organization. This declaration was discussed for a whole month, and is the result of a compromise between various tendencies.

Losovsky quotes the declaration referred to in full. As he himself declares it is vague and for the most part unimportant. But one resolution should be noted together with the signatures:


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Rh no member of the English Church can in common prudence as well as propriety do otherwise, since he is exposed to an immediate retort, in consequence of the errors and irregularities which have in Protestant times occurred among ourselves. King Henry the VIIIth, the first promoter of the Reformation, is surely no representative of our faith or feelings; nor Hoadly, in a later age, who was suffered to enjoy his episcopate for 46 years; to say nothing of the various parties and schools which have existed, and do exist, among us.

So much then must be granted to the Romanists; yet not so much as they themselves desire. For though the acts of individuals are not the acts of the Church, yet they may be the results, and therefore illustrations of its principles. We cannot consent then to confine ourselves to a mere reference to the text of the Tridentine decrees, as Romanists would have us, apart from the teaching of their doctors, and the practice of the Church, which are surely the legitimate comment upon them. The case stands as follows. A certain system of teaching and practice has existed in the churches of the Roman communion for many centuries; this system was discriminated and fixed in all its outlines at the Council of Trent. It is therefore not unnatural, or rather it is the procedure we adopt in any historical research, to take the general opinions and conduct of the Church in elucidation of their Synodal decrees; just as we take the tradition of the Church Catholic and Apostolic as the legitimate interpreter of Scripture, or of the Apostles' Creed. On the other hand, it is as natural that these decrees, being necessarily concise and guarded, should be much less objectionable than the actual system they represent. It is not wonderful then, yet it is unreasonable, that Romanists should protest against our going beyond these decrees in adducing evidence of their Church's doctrine, on the ground that nothing more than an assent to them is requisite for communion with her: e.g. the Creed of Pope Pius, which is framed upon the Tridentine decrees, and is the Roman Creed of Communion, only says "I firmly hold there is a Purgatory, and that souls therein detained are aided by the prayers of the faithful," nothing being said of its being a place of punish-

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 Rh Losovsky follows this resolution with the following illuminating comment:

It is indeed interesting that Purcell and Williams should be permitted by the organized labor of Great Britain to participate in an organization pledged to a war of extermination against the Amsterdam International. The same remark applies to d'Arragona who was later admitted to the Autumn Conference of the Amsterdam Federation of Trade Unions.

Losovsky proceeds to claim that the new organization is supported by nine million members. We have already shown the absurdity of this claim with regard to seven million of these, representing Russia and Italy. It may be doubted if the Spanish Confederation wholly accepts Moscow's dictatorship. The claim to "the revolutionary syndicalist minority of France," seven hundred thousand members, is absurd. The French labor movement has not yet been successfully disrupted by Moscow and the minority still accepts the discipline of the C. G. T., under Jouhaux, Dumoulin, Merrheim, Bartuel, Bidegary and other militant anti-Bolshevists.

Since its formation and the publication of these official pamphlets, the Red Labor Union Internationale has


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16 ment, nothing, or all but nothing, which does not admit of being explained of merely an intermediate state.

Now supposing we found ourselves in the Roman Communion, of course it would be a great relief to find that we were not bound to believe more than this vague statement, nor should we (I conceive) on account of the received interpretation about Purgatory superadded to it, be obliged to leave our Church. But it is another matter entirely, whether we who are external to that Church, are not bound to consider it as one whole system, written and unwritten, defined indeed and adjusted by general statements, but not limited to them or coincident with them.

The conduct of the Catholics during the troubles of Arianism affords us a parallel case, and a direction in this question. The Arian Creeds were often quite unexceptionable, differing from the orthodox only in this, that they omitted the celebrated word and in consequence did not obviate the possibility of that perverse explanation of them, which in fact their framers adopted. Why then did the Catholics refuse to subscribe them? Why did they rather submit to banishment from one end of the Roman world to the other? Why did they become confessors and martyrs? The answer is ready. They interpreted the language of the creeds by the professed opinions of their framers. They would not allow error to be introduced into the Church by an artifice. On the other hand, when at Ariminum they were seduced into a subscription of one of these creeds, though unobjectionable in its wording, their opponents instantly triumphed, and circulated the news that the Catholic world had come over to their opinion. It may be added that, in consequence, ever since that era, phrases have been banished from the language of theology which heretofore had been innocently used by orthodox teachers.

Apply this to the case of Romanism. We are not indeed allowed to take at random the accidental doctrine or practice of this or that age, as an explanation of the decrees of the Latin Church; but when we see clearly that certain of these decrees have a natural tendency to produce certain evils, when we see those evils actually existing far and wide in that Church, in different nations

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Module:User Wikisource For

-- Implements Template:User Wikisource For

require('strict')

local p = {}

local getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs local yesno = require('Module:Yesno') local userbox = require('Module:Userbox').userbox

function p._user_wikisource_for(args) local given_date = { year = args.year or 0, month = args.month or 0, day = args.day or 0 }	mw.logObject(os.date("*t", os.time(given_date))) local current_date = { year = os.date('%Y'), month = os.date('%m'), day = os.date('%d') }	mw.logObject(os.date("*t", os.time(current_date))) local age_string = "" if os.time(current_date) == os.time(given_date) then age_string = "0 days" else local minus_time = "" if os.time(current_date) < os.time(given_date) then minus_time = "-" local temp = current_date current_date = given_date given_date = temp end local age = { years = current_date.year - given_date.year, months = current_date.month - given_date.month, days = current_date.day - given_date.day }		if age.years > 0 and (age.months < 0 or age.days < 0) then age.years = age.years - 1 age.months = age.months + 12 end if age.months > 0 and age.days < 0 then age.months = age.months - 1 local current_month_end = {year = current_date.year, month = current_date.month, day = 31} local previous_month_end = {year = current_date.year, month = current_date.month - 1, day = 31} if current_date.month == 1 then previous_month_end = {year = current_date.year - 1, month = 12, day = 31} end age.days = age.days + os.date("*t", os.time(current_month_end)).yday - os.date("*t", os.time(previous_month_end)).yday end local age_string_table = {} for k, v in pairs({"year", "month", "day"}) do if age[v .. "s"] == 1 then table.insert(age_string_table, "1 " .. v) elseif age[v .. "s"] > 0 then table.insert(age_string_table, age[v .. "s"] .. " " .. v .. "s") end end age_string_table[#age_string_table] = "and " .. age_string_table[#age_string_table] age_string = minus_time .. table.concat(age_string_table, ", ") end mw.logObject(age_string) local info = '' if yesno(args.wikibirthday or true) then if os.time(current_date) == os.time(given_date) then info = "Today is this user's first day on Wikisource. " elseif given_date.month == current_date.month and given_date.day == current_date.day then info = "Today is this user's Wikisource Birthday. " end end info = info .. "This user has been on Wikisource for '''" .. age_string .. "'''."	local box_args = { ['border-c'] = args.border or '#55A0AA', ['id'] = '', ['id-c'] = args.imgbg or '#DDEDEE', ['info'] = info, ['info-c'] = args.bgcolor or '#AAD0DD' }	return userbox(box_args) end

function p.user_wikisource_for(frame) return p._user_wikisource_for(getArgs(frame)) end

return p

title: Module:User Wikisource For


text:
Module:User Wikisource For/doc

Logic for User Wikisource For.

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Rh and ages, existing especially where the system is allowed to act most freely, and only absent where external checks are present, sanctioned moreover by its celebrated teachers and expositors, and advocated by its controversialists with the tacit consent of the whole body, under such circumstances surely it is not unfair to consider our case parallel to that of the Catholics during the ascendancy of Arianism. Surely it is not unfair in such a case to interpret the formal document of belief by the realized form of it in the Church, and to apprehend that, did we express our assent to the creed of Pope Pius, we should find ourselves bound hand and foot, as the fathers at Ariminum, to the corruptions of those who profess it.

To take the instances of the Adoration of Images and the Invocation of Saints. The Tridentine Decree declares that it is good and useful suppliantly to invoke the Saints, and that the Images of Christ, and the Blessed Virgin, and the other Saints should "receive due honour and veneration;" words, which themselves go to the very verge of what could be received by the cautious Christian, though possibly admitting of a honest interpretation. Now we know in matter of fact that in various parts of the Roman Church, a worship approaching to idolatrous is actually paid to Saints and Images, in countries very different from each other, as for instance, Italy and the Netherlands, and has been countenanced by eminent men and doctors, and that, without any serious or successful protest from any quarter: further that, though there may be countries where no scandal of the kind exists, yet these are such as have, in their neighbourhood to Protestantism, a practical restraint upon the natural tendency of their system.

Moreover, the silence which has been observed, age after age, by the Roman Church, as regards these excesses, is a point deserving of serious attention;—for two reasons: first, because of the very solemn warnings pronounced by our Lord and His Apostle, against those who introduce scandals into the Church, warnings which seem almost prophetic of such as exist in the Latin branches of it. Next it must be considered that the Roman Church has had the power to denounce and extirpate them. Not to mention its use of its Apostolical powers in other matters,

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 184 proceeded with its work of attempted destruction of organized labor in all countries. In a recent publication entitled—"Two Months' Activity of the International Council of Trade and Industrial Unions," (the official title now assumed by the new Internationale) we read:

In Great Britain the British Bureau of the International Council of Trades and Industrial Unions has been formed under the leadership of notorious pro-Bolshevist British unionists, whose names are known if not yet officially published. Two resolutions are being proposed by this "Council" in trade union locals in Great Britain and America and other countries, as follows:

1. To withdraw from the Amsterdam Federation of Trade Unions.

2. To join the new Internationale and send delegates to a world conference at Moscow pledged to sup-


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18 it has had the civil power at its command, as it has shown in the case of errors which less called for its interference; all of which shows it has not felt sensitively on the subject of this particular evil.

This may be suitably illustrated by an example. Wake, in his controversy on the subject of Bossuet's Exposition, observes that a Jesuit named Crasset, had published an account of the worship due to the Virgin Mary, quite opposed to that which Bossuet had expounded as the doctrine of the Roman Church. Bossuet replies, "I have not read the book, but neither did I ever hear it mentioned there was any thing in it contrary to mine, and that Father would be much troubled I should think there was." Wake, in answer, expresses his great surprise that Bossuet should not have heard any mention of a fact so notorious.

Bossuet replies, "I still continue to say that I have never read Father Crasset's book which they bring against me." "I will only add here," he continues, "that Father Crasset himself, troubled and offended that any one should report his doctrine to be different from mine, has made complaints to me; and in a preface to the second edition of his book, has declared, that he varied in nothing from me, unless perhaps in the manner of expression; which, whether it be so or no, I leave them to examine, who will please to give themselves the trouble." Bossuet is known as the special champion of a more moderate exposition of the doctrines of Romanism than that which has generally been put upon them. Now he either did agree with the Jesuit or he did not. If he did, not a word more need be said against the Roman doctrine, as will appear when I proceed to quote his words; if he did not, let the reader judge of the peculiar sensitiveness of a faith, (as illustrated in a prelate, who for his high qualities is a very fair representative of his Church,) which can anathematize a denial of Purgatory, or a disapproval of the Invocation of Saints, yet can pass sub silentio a class of blasphemies, of which the following extracts are an instance.

It must be first observed that Father Crassct's book is an answer to a Cologne tract entitled, "Salutary Advertisemepts of the Blessed Virgin to her indiscreet Adorers;" which is said, by

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 Rh port … a revolutionary policy aiming at the world-wide dictatorship of the proletariat.

The published program of the Communist Party in America indicates that they have studied carefully the Moscow policy of boring from within and battering from without. Here is its definition of the duty of Communist members of trade unions:

It will be noted that the same effort to capture is to be applied against the I. W. W. as against the non-Communist unions of Europe.

Naturally the elements of the European labor movement adhering to the Amsterdam Federation of Trades Unions do not accept the criticisms of the new Internationale although as yet the Amsterdam body has made very feeble efforts to defend itself and its most important international action during 1920 was the violently pro-Soviet resolution for a general strike above referred to. At the Congress in London in November, the Federation passed the following resolution in reply to the Moscow Trade Union manifesto:

The Congress observes that the signatories of this manifesto set down their declaration of war by writing that the International of Moscow will destroy the "Yellow" Amsterdam International.


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 Rh Parties of the whole world. They belong to the old world of Tsardom, not to the new world of Socialism.

They have insulted twenty-seven millions of organized trade union workers by calling them "scabs" and have declared their intention to disrupt the trade unions. …

They may have ended wage-slavery; they have established State-slavery and misery. They have robbed the workers of freedom of movement and of combination and are preventing the creation of economic democracy.

This resolution undoubtedly indicates the real state of mind of the trades unions of Europe towards the Russian Soviets. However, neither of these resolutions has led to any effective action of any kind against either the international machinations or the subsidized propaganda of Bolshevism. [For a later declaration of the Amsterdam Federation see the following chapter.]


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 186 The Congress considers, judging from the facts of the situation, that these attacks do not emanate from the Russian proletariat and that the latter could not be regarded as in any degree responsible for them. Further, the Congress considers that these caluminous criticisms and this declaration of war prove either a total ignorance of the composition and actions of the International Federation of Trade Unions or else an evident bad faith arising out of the unwholesome desire to destroy the workers' organizations in every country. (From Justice, December 2, 1920.)

Throughout Europe the labor elements supporting the International Trades Union Federation and those supporting the Second or Socialist Internationale are largely identical. Perhaps because it had been longer under attack, the Second Internationale at its meeting in Brussels, a few weeks before the International Trade Union Congress of London, passed a far more resolute anti-Bolshevist resolution signed:

From this resolution we may quote the following:

They [the Bolshevists] trod the desires of the Russian people in the dust, and in place of democracy they established an armed dictatorship, not of the proletariat, but of a committee. Now they are attempting to impose their will and their decrees upon the Socialist and Labour


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in the summer of 1920, abandoned his policy of excluding all persons from Russia who were not Bolshevists. Socialist and Labor delegations were admitted from England, Italy, France, Germany, Spain, and Sweden which contained non-Bolshevist members. Few if any of their members belonged to the moderate wing of the European labor movement. The majority were pro-Bolshevists and the others represented the revolutionary or orthodox "center" of the movement. On returning to their various countries the majority of these witnesses condemned Bolshevism, root and branch.

Serrati, Dugoni, Vacirca and d'Arragona, of the Italian Socialist and labor union delegation, after their visit, declared that while the capitalist régime had been destroyed "it has not been replaced by anything that meets even the most elementary needs of a civilized people." Crispien, the revolutionary leader of Germany's Independent Socialists, said that under the Third Internationale "a tyranny almost as bad as that of capitalism would prevail." Mrs. Snowden of the British Mission declared not only that the Soviets were anti-socialist and anti-democratic and anti-Christian, but that everybody she had met in Russia outside the Communist party "goes in terror of his liberty or his life." Serrati, editor of Avanti and revolutionary leader of the Italian


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 Rh Socialists, stated that the Russian people are passive and indifferent and quoted Lenin to the effect that fifty years would be necessary to complete the work of the revolution. The eminent German Socialist, Dittmann, one of the radical members of the German delegation, reported that Russia was entirely under the control of the Bolshevist Party with 604,000 members, and that in one month last summer 893 people were shot by order of the special revolutionary tribunals and a much larger number unreported were executed "by administrative orders." This has happened since the Bolshevists were accredited all over the world in "intellectual" and "liberal" organs with having abolished terrorism. Tom Shaw, a member of the British delegation, pointed out that the working people of Russia were in a condition of actual slavery.

Both Professor Ballod of the German delegation and the Italians, in their official report, concluded that the Bolshevists are absolutely incompetent economically. Professor Ballod states that the Soviet leaders have proven themselves "wholly incapable of effecting an economic restoration in Russia" and that "bureaucracy is as bad as it was under the Czar and is on the ascendent."

The Italians, including the revolutionary Serrati, declared that the Soviet as an experiment had proved itself a failure, though the British report held that, as an experiment, it would prove valuable to other countries (carried out it will be noted, at the expense of the Russian and not of the British people). The Italians and Germans regarded the existing resistance to the Soviet oppressors as justifiable and inevitable. The


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190 British report referred to this resistance under the Soviet term "counter-revolution" and concluded that the Soviet Government was supported by the Russian people. The Italians, as we have said, held that the population was passive and indifferent, while the above-named Germans, admirers of the Soviet and the Third Internationale, discovered after investigation in Russia, that the Soviet regime was a tyranny without support outside of the Bolshevist Party.

The second disillusionment of European labor came with the ultimatum of the Third Internationale (the famous 21 points) by which Lenin declared to his worshippers that they either had to accept the absolute dictatorship of Moscow or be excommunicated, and that they had to destroy the International Federation of Trades Unions as being a scab organization.

Finally, most frightful disillusionment, the Polish people were not conquered by the Soviets, in spite of all the revolutionary measures taken by radical labor throughout Europe to help the Bolshevist would-be conquerors.

All these events took a little time to have their full effect; it was not until the labor union and Socialist Party congresses of the fall and winter that European labor began to find itself—but it has answered Lenin at last! After a visit to the Caucasus J. R. MacDonald demanded that Great Britain protect the Social-Democratic Labor Government of Georgia and bring about an alliance of that country with Armenia and the Tartar Republic. As Soviet Russia, Lenin's official organ in America, rightly remarks, this alliance would be for defense against the Soviets as well as against the Turks.


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house has been enlivened to-day, by the arrival of a London visitor; and the necessity I have been under of concealing the uneasiness of my mind, has made me exert myself so effectually, that I even think it is really diminished; or, at least, my thoughts are not so totally, so very anxiously occupied by one only subject, as they lately were.

I was strolling this morning with Miss Mirvan, down a lane about a mile from the grove, when we heard the trampling of

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 horses; and, fearing the narrowness of the passage, we were turning hastily back, but stopped upon hearing a voice call out, "Pray, Ladies, don't be frightened, for I will walk my horse." We turned again, and then saw Sir Clement Willoughby. He dismounted, and approaching us, with the reins in his hand, presently recollected us. "Good Heaven," cried he, with his usual quickness, "do I see Miss Anville?—and you, too, Miss Mirvan?"

He immediately ordered his servant to take charge of his horse, and then, advancing to us, took a hand of each, which he pressed to his lips, and said a thousand fine things concerning his good fortune, our improved looks, and the charms of the country, when inhabited by such rural deities. "The town, Ladies, has languished since your absence,—or, at least, I have so much languished myself, as to be absolutely insensible to all it had to offer. One refreshing breeze, such as I now enjoy, awakens me to new vigour, life, and spirit. But I never before had the good luck to see the country in such perfection."

"Has not almost every body left town, Sir?" said Miss Mirvan.

"I am ashamed to answer you, Madam—but indeed it is as full as ever, and will

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 continue so, till after the birth-day. However, you ladies, were so little seen, that there were but few who know what it has lost. For my own part, I felt it too sensibly, to be able to endure the place any longer."

"Is there any body remaining there, that we were acquainted with?" cried I.

"O yes, Ma'am." And then he named two or three persons we had seen when with him; but he did not mention Lord Orville, and I would not ask him, lest he should think me curious. Perhaps, if he stays here some time, he may speak of him by accident.

He was proceeding in this complimentary style, when we were met by the Captain; who no sooner perceived Sir Clement, than he hastened up to him, gave him a hearty shake of the hand, a cordial slap on the back, and some other equally gentle tokens of satisfaction, assuring him of his great joy at his visit, and declaring he was as glad to see him as if he had been a messenger who brought news that a French ship was sunk. Sir Clement, on the other side, expressed himself with equal warmth, and protested he had been so eager to pay his respects to Captain Mirvan, that he had left London in its full lustre, and a

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 thousand engagements unanswered, merely to give himself that pleasure.

"We shall have rare sport," said the Captain, "for do you know the old French-woman is among us? 'Fore George, I have scarce made any use of her yet, by reason I have had nobody with me that could enjoy a joke: howsomever, it shall go hard but we'll have some diversion now."

Sir Clement very much approved of the proposal; and we then went into the house, where he had a very grave reception from Mrs. Mirvan, who is by no means pleased with his visit, and a look of much discontent from Madame Duval, who said to me, in a low voice, "I'd as soon have seen Old Nick as that man, for he's the most impertinentest person in the world, and is n't never of my side."

The Captain is now actually occupied in contriving some scheme which, he says, is to play the old Dowager off; and so eager and delighted is he at the idea, that he can scarcely constrain his raptures sufficiently to conceal his design, even from herself. I wish, however, since I do not dare put Madame Duval upon her guard, that he had the delicacy not to acquaint me with his intention.

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The Boyne Water (song)

 * "The Battle of the Boyn," from the chapbook The Battle of the Boyn (c. 1790)
 * "The Battle of the Boyn," from the chapbook The Battle of the Boyn (c. 1800)
 * "The Battle of the Boyn," from the chapbook The Battle of the Boyn (c. 1810s)
 * "The Battle of the Boyne," from the chapbook The Battle of the Boyne (1825)

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The Boyne Water

 * The Boyne Water (1896) by John Banim
 * "The Boyne Water," a song by an anonymous lyricist about the Battle of the Boyne.

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Rh framed enormous and endless heresies; and cue of these is Colarbasus, who attempts to explain religion by measures and numbers. And others there are [who act] in like manner, whose tenets we shall explain when we commence to speak of what concerns those who give heed to Pythagorean calculation as possible; and uttering vain prophecies, hastily assume as secure the philosophy by numbers and elements. Now certain [speculators], appropriating similar reasonings from these, deceive unsophisticated individuals, alleging themselves endued with foresight; sometimes, after uttering many predictions, happening on a single fulfilment, and not abashed by many failures, but making their boast in this one. Neither shall I pass over the witless philosophy of these men; but, after explaining it, I shall prove that those who attempt to form a system of religion out of these [aforesaid elements], are disciples of a school weak and full of knavery.


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82

Those, then, who suppose that they prophesy by means of calculations and numbers, and elements and names, constitute the origin of their attempted system to be as follows. They affirm that there is a root of each of the numbers; in the case of thousands, so many monads as there are thousands: for example, the root of six thousand, six monads; of seven thousand, seven monads; of eight thousand, eight monads; and in the case of the rest, in like manner, according to the same [proportion]. And in the case of hundreds, as many hundreds as there are, so many monads are the root of them: for instance, of seven hundred there are seven hundreds; the root of these is seven monads: of six hundred, six hundreds; the root of these, six monads. And it is similar respecting decades: for of eighty [the root is] eight monads; and of sixty, six monads; of forty, four monads; of ten, one monad. And in the case of monads, the monads themselves are a root: for instance, of nine, nine; of eight, eight; of seven, seven. In this way, also, ought we therefore to act in the case of the elements [of words], for each letter has been arranged according to a certain number: for instance, the letter n according to fifty monads; but of fifty monads five is the root, and the root of the letter n is [therefore] five. Grant that from some name we take certain roots of it. For instance, [from] the name Agamemnon, there is of the a, one monad; and of the g, three monads; and of the other a, one monad; of the m, four monads; of the e, five monads; of the m, four monads: of the n, five


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Rh monads; of the [long] o, eight monads; of the n, five monads; which, brought together into one series, will be 1, 3, 1, 4, 5, 4, 5, 8, 5; and these added together make up 36 monads. Again, they take the roots of these, and they become three in the case of the number thirty, but actually six in the case of the number six. The three and the six, then, added together, constitute nine; but the root of nine is nine: therefore the name Agamemnon terminates in the root nine.

Let us do the same with another name—Hector. The name [H]ector has five letters—e, and k, and t, and o, and r. The roots of these are 5, 2, 3, 8, 1; and these added together make up 19 monads. Again, of the ten the root is one; and of the nine, nine; which added together make up ten: the root of ten is a monad. The name Hector, therefore, when made the subject of computation, has formed a root, namely a monad. It would, however, be easier to conduct the calculation thus: Divide the ascertained roots from the letters—as now in the case of the name Hector we have found nineteen monads—into nine, and treat what remains over as roots. For example, if I divide 19 into 9, the remainder is 1, for 9 times 2 are 18, and there is a remaining monad: for if I subtract 18 from 19, there is a remaining monad; so that the root of the name Hector will be a monad. Again, of the name Patroclus these numbers are roots: 8, 1, 3, 1, 7, 2, 3, 7, 2: added together, they make up 34 monads. And of these the remainder is 7 monads: of the 30, 3; and of the 4, 4. Seven monads, therefore, are the root of the name Patroclus.

Those, then, that conduct their calculations according to the rule of the number nine, take the ninth part of the agrregate number of roots, and define what is left over as the sum of the roots. They, on the other hand, [who conduct their calculations] according to the rule of the number seven,


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84 take the seventh [part of the aggregate number of roots]; for example, in the case of the name Patroclus, the aggregate in the matter of roots is 34 monads. This divided into seven parts makes four, which [multiplied into each other] are 28. There are six remaining monads; [so that a person using this method] says, according to the rule of the number seven, that six monads are the root of the name Patroclus. If, however, it be 43, [six] taken seven times, he says, are 42; for seven times six are 42, and one is the remainder. A monad, therefore, is the root of the number 43, according to the rule of the number seven. But one ought to observe if the assumed number, when divided, has no remainder; for example, if from any name, after having added together the roots, I find, to give an instance, 36 monads. But the number 36 divided into nine makes exactly 4 enneads; for nine times 4 are 36, and nothing is over. It is evident, then, that the actual root is 9. And again, dividing the number forty-five, we find nine and nothing over (for nine times five are forty-five, and nothing remains); [wherefore] in the case of such they assert the root itself to be nine. And as regards the number seven, the case is similar: if, for example we divide 28 into 7, we have nothing over; for seven times four are 28, and nothing remains; [wherefore] they say that seven is the root. But when one computes names, and finds the same letter occurring twice, he calculates it once; for instance, the name Patroclus has the pa twice, and the o twice: they therefore calculate the a once and the o once. According to this, then, the roots will be 8, 1, 3, 1, 7, 2, 3, 2, and added together they make 27 monads; and the root of the name will be, according to the rule of the number nine, nine itself, but according to the rule of the number seven, six.

In like manner, [the name] Sarpedon, when made the sub-


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Rh ject of calculation, produces as a root, according to the rule of the number nine, two monads. Patroclus, however, produces nine monads; Patroclus gains the victory. For when one number is uneven, but the other even, the uneven number, if it is larger, prevails. But again, when there is an even number, eight, and five an uneven number, the eight prevails, for it is larger. If, however, there were two numbers, for example, both of them even, or both of them odd, the smaller prevails. But how does [the name] Sarpedon, according to the rule of the number nine, make two monads, since the letter [long] o is omitted? For when there may be in a name the letter [long] o and [long] e, they leave out the [long] o, using one letter, because they say both are equipollent; and the same must not be computed twice over, as has been above declared. Again, [the name] Ajax makes four monads; [but the name] Hector, according to the rule of the ninth number, makes one monad. And the tetrad is even, whereas the monad odd. And in the case of such, we say, the greater prevails—Ajax gains the victory. Again, Alexander and Menelaus [may be adduced as examples]. Alexander has a proper name [Paris]. But Paris, according to the rule of the number nine, makes four monads; and Menelaus, according to the rule of the number nine, makes nine monads. The nine, however, conquer the four [monads]: for it has been declared, when the one number is odd and the other even, the greater prevails; but when both are even or both odd, the less [prevails]. Again, Amycus and Polydeuces [may be adduced as examples]. Amycus, according to the rule of the number nine, makes two monads, and Polydeuces, however, seven: Polydeuces gains the victory. Ajax and Ulysses contended at the funeral games. Ajax, according to the rule of the number nine, makes four monads; Ulysses, according to the rule of the number nine, [makes] eight. Is there, then, not any annexed, and [is there] not a proper name for Ulysses? for he has gained the victory. Accord-


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User talk:Mauls

Beeswaxcandle (talk) 08:31, 27 November 2023 (UTC)

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2 solace, any mental enjoyment, any feeling of manhood elevated in the pursuit of ornithology or entomology, and he will answer you with a smile, as if he doubted whether any one could ask such a question in earnest; and immediately, as he answers, he inquired, "What is your hobby?"

Should you have a friend addicted to the habit of bringing home bits of wild flowers in his hat, mosses in his pocket, or occasionally be caught with a flat, brown, japanned sandwich box, when you know that he never carries sandwiches out in it, but will be seen to bring home many strange things in it,—ask of him, as he plucks petal from petal—as simple girls are wont to do, in the hope of unsolving thereby some hidden mystery of the future—ask of him whether the pursuit of his study of plant-life, of wild flowers, of mosses, does not give an interest to every half-hour's stroll along a hedgerow or into a wood, which it would not otherwise possess; whether it has not given to him a new sense; whether it has not unfolded to him a new world; whether, in fact, he is disposed to relapse again into inanition; and the chances are that he will ask you, good-humoredly enough, in return, "What is your hobby?"

But, above all, can you not purchase for yourself a Microscope? One that will answer all your purposes can be supplied you for a moderate sum. What you will do with it depends much upon yourself and your own inclinations. What you can do with it, is more than we have space to tell. Within that instrument lies the revelation of a world equally variable and populous,—nay, even more variable and populous,—than that which is revealed to the unaided eye of man. If you only know as much of the world of nature as you can see with your naked eyes, you have never seen half what you might have seen, and really know nothing of the greatest marvels in all Nature's handiwork. Some of the wonders of minute life, as seen through this medium, will continually be presented to the readers of these pages; but all that we can ever hope to do, will be but as a drop of water from the ocean, and can only serve to indicate the direction which those may pursue who are in search of a "hobby."

If already these, or any similar pursuits employ your moments, few though your moments of leisure may be, you will need no solicitation on our part to continue such a course. The pleasure derived from the pursuit of knowledge; the power obtained by the possession of knowledge; the vigour imparted to the mind, the recognition of an object in life, besides the mere toil for "daily bread," all exert their influences in one direction. And, unless we are much mistaken, few indeed are the instances in which, having mounted a hobby of his own, the rider is disposed to be unhorsed. This is especially the case where the "hobby" costs but little to keep, and when it partakes of a mental character.

?

VERYBODY involuntarily shudders at the name of a snake. Very few possess courage enough to attempt staring one out of countenance, or staying to count the number of scales on its head. Fancy oneself deeply intent, with nose unusually low, seeking the ruddy wild strawberry on a sunny hedge-bank, and even whilst smacking the lips with the relish of the tart little fruit but lately conveyed there, about to pluck another yet larger and redder, when lo! beneath our very fingers glides the sleek, attenuated form of the reptile—ay, within ten inches of our depressed nose. Under such circumstances, should we


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Rh very weary, and for five minutes allowed myself to be overcome by sleep. I dreamt that I was walking with Don Giuseppe Flores under the arches of the courtyard at Praglia. I said to him weeping: 'Here, it was here!' And Don Giuseppe answered with great tenderness: 'Yes, but do not think of that, think rather that the Lord calls you.' And I replied: 'But whither, whither does He call me?' My anguish was so great that I awoke. I heard a voice calling from the top of the house, and some one answered in French from the bottom of the garden. I saw a lady leave the villa, running. I heard the greetings she exchanged with the new-comers; I distinguished her voice! At first I was not sure of it, but presently, the voices coming nearer, I could no longer doubt. It was she! For a second I was dazed, but only for a second. Then a great light shone out in my mind."

Benedetto raised his head and his clasped hands. His voice rang with mystic ardour. "Magister adest," said he. "Do you understand? The divine Master was with me, I had naught to fear, Padre mio! And I feared naught, neither her, nor myself. I saw her coming up to the open space. My thought was: 'If we meet alone, I will speak to her as to a sister, I will beg her forgiveness; perhaps God will give me a word of truth for her. I will show her that I have hopes for her soul, and that I do not fear for my own."


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92 Don Clemente could not refrain from interrupting him.

"No, no, no, my son!" he exclaimed, greatly alarmed; and while he held the young man's face imprisoned between his hands, he was casting about in his mind for a means of preventing such a meeting, and of getting Benedetto away. The Selvas, the Selvas! they must be warned!

"I can understand why you speak thus to me," Benedetto resumed, breathlessly; "but if I meet her, must I not seek to give her of the good that is in me, as I once sought to give her of the evil? And have not you yourself taught me that placing the saving of our own souls above all things is incompatible with the love of God above all things? That when we love truly we do not think of ourselves? That we strive only to do the will of the person beloved, and desire that others do the same? That thus we are sure of salvation, and that he who constantly has in mind the saving of his own soul risks losing it?"

"That is very true, very true, my dear friend," answered the Padre, stroking his hair. "But nevertheless to-morrow you must go to Jenne, and remain there until I send for you. I will give you a letter to the parish priest, who is a most worthy man, and you can stay with him. Do you understand? And now we will go to the monastery, for it is late!"

He rose and obliged Benedetto to do the same.


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Rh Above their heads the clock of Santa Scolastica was ringing the hour. Was it ten o'clock, or was it eleven? Don Clemente had not counted the strokes from the beginning, and feared the worst; for with all these conflicting emotions he had lost account of time. What was going to happen? Who could have foreseen? And what would take place now? They left the grassy plateau and started up the steep and rocky mule-path, Don Clemente in front, and Benedetto following close behind; both silent and with stormy souls, while the deep voice of the Anio answered their thoughts. At a bend of the path they see the lights of distant Subiaco. Only a few, however, so it is probably eleven o'clock! Presently a dark corner of the inclosure of Santa Scolastica looms before the wayfarers. Benedetto is thinking by what a mysterious way God has led him from the logge at Praglia, where Jeanne tempted and conquered him, to this toilsome ascent amidst the gloom towards another holy spot, with Jeanne near, and his heart anchored in Christ.

In the meantime, the reasons for practical prudence which pressed upon Don Clemente at this time of distress, and the reasons for ideal holiness which in calmer moments he had taught his beloved disciple, were contending for supremacy over Benedetto's will, no longer so steadfast as in the beginning; the first striving at close quarters, and with imperious violence; the second, from a distance and by means only of their stern and


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] be surprised at finding ourselves starting back; at feeling a slight and momentary sensation, as of a drop of water trickling down our back; or at forgetting to observe whether the intruder was really a viper or a snake?

"Viper or snake, snake or viper? And is there a pin to choose between them?" inquires a voice at our ear. To this query we will attempt an answer, because it is a presentiment we have, that there is more romance amongst and sound knowledge, with regard to reptiles, than any other of the objects of natural history. Under the term reptiles we include lizards, slow-worms, snakes, vipers, frogs, toads, and newts. The latter perhaps better known since aquariums and vivariums have become fashionable than they ever were before. All reptiles are cold-blooded. They possess a heart, it is true; but, compared with higher organisms, an imperfect one, inasmuch as it has but one ventricle: the result of this is that respiration is imperfect, and as respiration gives heat to the blood, which in turn sustains the heat of the body, it follows necessarily from their organization that the temperature in reptiles should be very low. Let a frog leap upon your hand, or take a newt between your fingers, and the chilly, smooth, apparently slimy appeal to the sense of touch, will carry conviction far swifter than argument.

Of reptiles possessing the snake-like form we have but three species indigenous to this country, and one of these, the little "slow-worm," differs sufficiently in a scientific sense, as well as in its general size and appearance, to be excluded from our present consideration. The other two species are the common snake, and the viper or adder. Although we may have heard, in youthful days, of red vipers, blue-bellied vipers, and black vipers, and adders, yet there is but one species of reptile to answer to all these synonyms.

It is well known that of the serpent race there are some that are venomous, and others that are not; each of these groups has its representative in Britain, one being perfectly gentle and harmless, the other dangerously, even if not fatally, poisonous. It is a firmly-rooted belief in some districts that the bite of the adder, however slight, is certain death to the victim; whilst amongst naturalists there remains a doubt whether the fatal terminations are not very exceptional. Notwithstanding the dread of the common snake which is shared equally with the viper, it cannot be dangerous or injurious, because it possesses neither the glands for secreting, nor fangs for injecting the poison. Only schoolboys, we should think, entertain the notion that the slender forked tongue, so swift in its movements, possesses the sting.

Without attempting to set forth, in scientific form and terminology, the generic and specific characters of snake and viper, we may nevertheless endeavour to point out the features by which one may be distinguished from the other. The common or ringed snake (called Natrix torquata by scientific men) grows to the length of three or four feet; the general colour above is of a greyish olive with rows of black spots, its is of a greenish-yellow or lead colour beneath, marbled with black. At the back of the head are two brightish yellow spots, behind which are two black spots or bands, which sometimes become confluent. The scales on the head are nine in number and large. It is found all over Britain, especially in the neightbourhood of water, and in damper situations than the viper. This reptile is easily tamed, and Mr. Bell states, in his "History of British Reptiles," that he had one which knew him from all other persons; and when let out of its box would immediately go to him, and crawl under the sleeve of his coat, where it would lie perfectly still and enjoy the warmth. It was accustomed to come to his hand for a draught of milk every morning at breakfast, of its own accord, but would fly from strangers, and hiss if they meddled with it.

This snake, in common with others, changes its skin at intervals, but not, as has been stated, at regular periods, or once a year; but sometimes four or five times during the year, and often less, according to circumstances. In this "sloughing" process the reptile bursts the cuticle about its neck, draws out its head, the old skin is thrust back, and the snake crawls out. In this process the skin is turned inside out, and left on the grass to scare unwary females into the belief that they have seen a snake, little dreaming that they have only been shuddering at its old clothes.

What does the snake eat?—Undoubtedly it delights in frogs, young birds, birds' eggs, and even mice. Imagine the little shudder and start in which we indulged in boyhood, on putting our hand, with felonious intent, into a bird's nest (we couldn't see into it), and finding our fingers come in contact with the smooth cold folds of a coiled-up snake! It was the last time we felt for eggs before seeing them. That was an experiment too satisfactory in its results to require repetition. The author already quoted gives an interesting account of a snake's meal:—"If it be a frog, it generally seizes it by the hinder leg, be- n 2


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 they since that time had forsaken their former abode.

Although the latter part of his intelligence gave us but little hope that we should succeed in our design to unfold the mystery of the ruinous castle, yet we determined to make at least a trial, the Austrian being very desirous to explore the noted building, and we went all four to the Haunted Castle as soon as it was dark.

We arrived at the glomy fabric after a short walk, lighted some torches we had brought with us from F, entered the court yard, and ascended the spiral staircase; the Austrian searched every corner, and I found all the rooms in their former condition, the seats and the table we had constructed were still as we had left them, unmoved, untouched.

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 fastened as before. We entered the garden, searching and prying around, 'till we at length espied the aperture of the cavern through which we had effected our escape from the grisly jaws of a lingering death. The hollow sound of our footsteps re-echoed horribly through the dreary subterraneous abode as we entered, and the light of our torches reflected grisly from the damp mossy walls of the deep and narrow passage.

Stepping into the ruinous stable, we espied with pleasure the hole in the boards through which the Baron had fallen down, and detected in one of the corners a ladder, and above the place where it was standing, a trapdoor. Having ascended the ladder I opened the half decayed door, with one violent push, and entered with my fellow adventurers the well known spacious apartment, leaping over the gaping opening where the boards had given way. Looking around we beheld several small iron doors, one of which flew open at the first push of the Austrian, and presented


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WHAT'S YOUR HOBBY?

ATHER a vulgar question, and withal a somewhat impertinent one; but we hope that the reader really has his "hobby," and, in that case, he is sure to grant us a free pardon. By a "hobby" we mean some study or pursuit which is his own free selection, and to which he devotes himself in his moments of leisure; something in which he takes delight after the toils and labours of the day are over,—when the rough struggle and mechanical routine are past, by means of which substance is earned to supply the wants, wishes, or luxuries of life; a something which comes "like sunshine after rain," to brighten an otherwise monotonous career, to supply food for reflection, and give zest and interest to a country stroll. They deserve little respect who can lay their hands upon their hearts and affirm that they have no "hobby;" that all besides "daily work" in their life is a blank. It may be that the "hobby" is one the name of which may scarcely be quotes: it may supply no food for the mind,—nothing for reflection,—no lasting pleasure,—yet it is a hobby nevertheless. Our present object is to induce all whom we have the good fortune to address, to answer for themselves the question we have propounded; and if they cannot do so with satisfaction to themselves or their friends, to set about acquiring a "hobby" at once.

To enable all who may desire a scientific hobby of their own to make such a choice, we will volunteer one or two suggestions. Let it be remembered that whilst we do so it is by no means with the desire of depreciating good hobbies of another kind. A man may be an amateur artist, mathematician, linguist, engineer, or devote himself to the study of history, poetry, philosophy, logic, or many other subject equally as praiseworthy, as effectual in supplying food for the mind, and as certain to elevate his intellectual character, as aught we may have to suggest. Such, and such, we heartily wish "God speed." But if you have no hobby, it is cheap and easy to acquire one. Ask of some friend, who has been in the habit of strolling away from your side whenever you have walked ten miles into the country together, and come suddenly upon a quarry or a chalk-pit, what he thinks of a little geological knowledge as an experiment, in the way of furnishing food for reflection, that shall supply material on which it can exercise itself, it may be, during the merely mechanical operations of daily life. He shall be your evidence that the toil is lighter, and the day shorter, because the intellectual as well as the physical man has received food. He will probably finish with the inquiry, "What is your hobby?"

It may be, that instead of seeking "sermons in stones," your friend has been led aside by the unknown whistle of some bird, by the eccentric gyrations of some unknown insect, by the desire to explore some silent, muddy puddle, or ditch half-choked with weeds. Ask of him whether there is any I.


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 to our eyes the avenue of a damp arched vault, from which a stone staircase led to that part of the fabric which faced the cellar door.

Without stopping there, we pursued our way to the large folding door leading to the great hall under ground, but found it strongly bolted on the inside, and all our hopes of farther discovery were blasted at once. We made the utmost efforts to disengage the massy door from its rusty hinges, but all our labour was lost, its strength proved superior to our united endeavours of forcing it.

While we were standing before that door, consulting whether we should go back or not, we heard suddenly a distant noise, as if a lock was opening, and soon after a folding door seemed to fly open, with an hideous creaking, which instantly was followed by a terrible noise of numerous steps, as if people in boots were descending: When the noise drew nearer we could distinguish the clattering of many spurs, and the harsh voices of men;


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 the whole subterraneous cavern was at length filled with a most tremendous noise, and we gazed at each other rather pleased than frightened, being four vigorous men, used to danger, provided with four cutlasses and as many brace of double barrelled pistols. The Austrian standing nearest to the door, retained his equanimity unimpaired, and, ere long, an hollow voice like the distant rolling of thunder, exclaimed, "Come hither with the booty." A confused bustle ensued, the tinkling of money was heard, some quarrelled and some cursed and scolded, but were soon reconciled. At length the bustle ceased, a door was opened close by us, and money locked up in a chest. Mean while the following discourse took place in the unknown assembly.

First Voice. To-morrow we will way-lay the gentlemen of Norrinberg, and ease them of their golden burthen. I trust you will behave like men, my jolly boys! It would be pity if they should give us the slip once more.


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 Second Voice. By holy Peter! they shall not escape.

Many voices. They shall not, they shall not.

Third Voice. I wonder where our greybeard may stay so long, I have not seen his holy face since our last fun.

Fourth Voice. Take my word, brother, he sits by the fire side and chaunts penitential hymns. The fellow is of no farther use to our community, we must send him to the devil.

First Voice. Let him alone, my boys, he has rendered us many good services, has saved many of our brave companions from the hangman's ruthless fangs; don't grudge him a little rest, he will soon return and bring us joyful tidings.


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 Second Voice. He has procured us many a golden booty; has, by his cunning, extricated us from many neck-breaking difficulties; it would be ungrateful to be angry with him. What would become of our noble band if he did not guide our arm by his sage counsels?"

Third Voice. Bravely spoken, my lad, he is a good sort of a fellow, it is a thousand pities that he begins to grow old and infirm.

First Voice. Let him grow old and infirm, if he but escapes the gallows.

Here somebody was locking the door of an adjoining room, an hollow bustle and humming ensued, and the robbers (for such they must have been) were going to withdraw.

"Shall we break in upon the scoundrels?" whispered the Austrian to me.


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 "By what means?" replied I, shrugging up my shoulders.

"Through the garden, or the adjoining wing of the castle," resumed he.

"But the danger," said I,

"Is not so great as you fancy," interrupted the Austrian, "yet it will be better to force the gentlemen to open the door; if they should refuse to do it, then it will be time enough to surprise them in the court-yard, for I do not think it prudent to venture on the staircase, because they would then have too much advantage over us."

Now all was silent in the cellar, 'till after a short pause a new conversation began.

First Voice. I say, brother, what shall we do with the officer's servant we have entrapt? The dog is good for nothing, and we


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 ficies of an oblique Cylinder, which hath for one of its bases the said annual circle, and for the other a like circle imaginarily described by its extremity, or, (if you will) Pole, amongst the fixed stars. And this same cylinder is oblique to the Plane of the Ecliptick, according to the inclination of the Axis that describeth it, which we have said to be 23 degrees and an half, the which continuing perpetually the same (save onely, that in many thousands of years it maketh some very small mutation, which nothing importeth in our present businesse) causeth that the Terrestrial Globe doth never more incline or elevate, but still conserveth the same state without mutation. From whence ensueth, that as to what pertaineth to the mutations to be observed in the fixed stars dependant on the sole annual motion, the same shall happen to any point whatsoever of the Earths surface, as befalleth unto the centre of the Earth it self; and therefore in the present explanations we will make use of the centre, as if it were any whatsoever point of the superficies. And for a more facile understanding of the whole, let us design the same in lineal figures: And first of all let us describe in the Plane of the Ecliptick the circle ANBO [in Fig. 7.] and let us understand the points A and B, to be the extreams towards the North and South; that is, the beginning of [or entrance into] Cancer or Capricorn, and let us prolong the Diameter AB, indeterminately by D and C towards the Starry Sphere. I say now in the first place, that none of the fixed stars placed in the Ecliptick, shall ever vary elevation, by reason of any whatsoever mutation made by the Earth along the said Plane of the Ecliptick, but shall alwayes appear in the same superficies, although the Earth shall approach and recede as great a space as is that of the diameter of the Grand Orb, as may plainly be seen in the said figure. For whether the Earth be in the point A or in B, the star C alwayes appeareth in the same line ABC; although the distance BC, be lesse than AC, by the whole diameter AB. The most therefore that can be discovered in the star C, and in any other placed in the Ecliptick, is the augmented or diminished apparent magnitude, by reason of the approximation or recession of the Earth.

Stay a while I pray you, for I meet with a certain scruple, which much troubleth me, and it is this: That the star C may be seen by the same line ABC, as wel when the Earth is in A, as when it is in B, I understand very well, as also furthermore I apprehend that the same would happen in all the points of the line AB, so long as the Earth should passe from A to B by the said line; but it passing thither, as is to be supposed, by the arch ANB, it is manifest that when it shall be in the


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 point N, and in any other except those two A and B, the said star shall no longer be observed in the line AB; but in others. So that, if the appearing under several lines ought to cause apparent mutations, some difference must needs appear in this case. Nay more, I will speak it with that Philosophical freedom, which ought to be allowed amongst Philosophick friends, methinks that you, contradicting your self, deny that now, which but even now to our admiration, you proved to be really true, and considerable; I mean that which happeneth in the Planets, and particularly in the three superiour ones, that being constantly in the Ecliptick, or very near unto it, do not onely shew themselves one while near unto us, and another while remote, but so deformed in their regular motions, that they seem sometimes immoveable, and sometimes many degrees retrograde; and all upon no other occasion than the annual motion of the Earth.

Though by a thousand accidents I have been heretofore assured of the wittinesse of Sagredus, yet I had a desire by this one experiment more to ascertain me of what I may expect from his ingenuity, and all this for my own interest, for in case my Propositions stand but proof against the hammer and furnace of his judgment, I shall be confident that they will abide the * test of all Touch-stones. I say therefore that I had purposely dissembled this objection, but yet not with any intent to deceive you, and to put any falshood upon you, as it might have happened if the objection by me disguised, and by you over-lookt, had been the same in effect as it seemed to be in appearance, that is, really valid and conclusive; but it is not so; nay I rather suspect that to try me, you make as if you did not see its nullity. But I will herein be too hard for you, and force from your tongue, that which you would so artificially conceal; and therefore tell me, what that thing should be, whereby you come to know the station and retrogradation of the Planets, which is derived from the annual motion, audand [sic] which is so great, that at least some foot-steps of such an effect ought to appear in the stars of the Ecliptick?

This demand of yours containeth two questions, to which it is necessary that I make reply; the first relates to the imputation which you lay upon me of a Dissembler; the other concerneth that which may appear in the stars, &c. As to the first, I will say with your permission, that it is not true, that I have dissembled my knowing the nullity of that objection; and to assure you of the same, I now tell you that I very well understand the nullity thereof.

But yet I do not understand how it can be, that you


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 "I see—when you had done with it. But, Eveena, why conceal it? Do you think I would not have given this or all the contents of the chest into your hands, and asked no question?"

"Do you mean it? Could you have so trusted me?"

"My child! is it difficult to trust where I know there is no temptation to wrong? Do you think that to-day I have doubted or suspected you, even while you have accused yourself? I cannot guess at your motive, but I am as sure as ever of your loyalty. Take these things,"—forcing back upon her the phial and the magnets,—"yes, and the test-stone." She burst into passionate tears.

"I cannot endure this. If I had dreamed your patience would have borne with me half so far, I would never have tried it so, even for your own sake. I meant to be found out and accept the consequences in silence. But you trust me so, that I must tell you what I wanted to conceal. When you kept on the surface it made me so ill"

"But, Eveena, if the remedy be not worse than the sickness, why not ask for it openly?"

"It was not that. Don't you understand? Of course, I would bear any suffering rather than have done this; but then you would have found me out at once. I wanted to conceal my suffering, not to escape it."

"My child! my child! how could you put us both to all this pain?"

"You know you would not have given me the draught; you would have left the surface at once; and I cannot bear to be always in the way, always hindering your


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 pleasures, and even your discoveries. You came across a distance that makes a bigger world than this look less than that light, through solitude and dangers and horrors I cannot bear to think of, to see and examine this world of ours. And then you leave things unseen or half-seen, you spoil your work, because a girl is seasick! You ran great risk of death and got badly hurt to see what our hunting was like, and you will not let my head ache that you may find out what our sea-storms and currents are! How can I bear to be such a burden upon you? You trust me, and, I believe," (she added, colouring), "you love me, twelvefold more than I deserve; yet you think me unwilling or unworthy to take ever so small an interest in your work, to bear a few hours' discomfort for it and for you. And yet," she went on passionately, "I may sit trembling and heart-sick for a whole day alone that you may carry out your purpose. I may receive the only real sting your lips have given, because I could not bear that pain without crying. And so with everything. It is not that I must not suffer pain, but that the pain must not come from without. Your lips would punish a fault with words that shame and sting for a day, a summer, a year; your hand must never inflict a sting that may smart for ten minutes. And it is not only that you do this, but you pride yourself on it. Why? It is not that you think the pain of the body so much worse than that of the spirit:—you that smiled at me when you were too badly bruised and torn to stand, yet could scarcely keep back your tears just now, when you thought that I had suffered half an hour of sorrow I did not quite deserve. Why then? Do you think that women feel so diffe-


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 rently? Have the women of your Earth hearts so much harder and skins so much softer than ours?"

She spoke with most unusual impetuosity, and with that absolute simplicity and sincerity which marked her every look and word, which gave them, for me at least, an unspeakable charm, and for all who heard her a characteristic individuality unlike the speech or manner of any other woman. As soon suspect an infant of elaborate sarcasm as Eveena of affectation, irony, or conscious paradox. Nay, while her voice was in my ears, I never could feel that her views were paradoxical. The direct straightforwardness and simple structure of the Martial language enhanced this peculiar effect of her speech; and much that seems infantine in translation was all but eloquent as she spoke it. Often, as on this occasion, I felt guilty of insincerity, of a verbal fencing unworthy of her unalloyed good faith and earnestness, as I endeavoured to parry thrusts that went to the very heart of all those instinctive doctrines which I could the less defend on the moment, because I had never before dreamed that they could be doubted.

"At any rate," I said at last, "your sex gain by my heresy, since they are as richly gifted in stinging words as we in physical force."

"So much the worse for them, surely," she answered simply, "if it be right that men should rule and women obey?"

"That is the received doctrine on Earth," I answered. "In practice, men command and women disobey them; men bully and women lie. But in truth, Eveena, having a wife only too loyal and too loving, I don't care to canvass the deserts of ordinary women or the


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 discipline of other households. I own that it was wrong to scold you. Do not insist on making me say that it would have been a little less wrong to beat you!"

She laughed—her low, sweet, silvery laugh, the like of which I have hardly heard among Earthly women, even of the simpler, more child-like races of the East and South; a laugh still stranger in a world where childhood is seldom bright and womanhood mostly sad and fretful. Of the very few satisfactory memories I bore away from that world, the sweetest is the recollection of that laugh, which I heard for the first time on the morrow of our bridals, and for the last time on the day before we parted. I cherish it as evidence that, despite many and bitter troubles, my bride's short married life was not wholly unhappy. By this time she had found out that we had left the surface, and began to remonstrate.

"Nay, I have seen all I care to see, my own. I confess the justice of your claim, as the partner of my life, to be the partner of its paramount purpose. You are more precious to me than all the discoveries of which I ever dreamed, and I will not for any purpose whatsoever expose you to real peril or serious pain. But henceforth I will ask you to bear discomfort and inconvenience when the object is worth it, and to help me wherever your help can avail."

"I can help you?"

"Much, and in many ways, my Eveena. You will soon learn to understand what I wish to examine and the use of the instruments I employ; and then you will be the most useful of assistants, as you are the best and most welcome of companions."


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 As I spoke a soft colour suffused her face, and her eyes brightened with a joy and contentment such as no promise of pleasure or indulgence could have inspired. To be the partner of adventure and hardship, the drudge in toil and sentinel in peril, was the boon she claimed, the best guerdon I could promise. If but the promise might have been better fulfilled!

It was not till in latitude 9° S. we emerged into the open ocean, and presently found ourselves free from the currents of the narrow waters, that, in order to see the remarkable island of which I had caught sight in my descent, I requested Ergimo to remain for some hours above the surface. The island rises directly out of the sea, and is absolutely unascendible. Balloons, however, render access possible, both to its summit and to its cave-pierced sides. It is the home of enormous flocks of white birds, which resemble in form the heron rather than the eider duck, but which, like the latter, line with down drawn from their own breasts the nests which, counted by millions, occupy every nook and cranny of the crystalline walls, about ten miles in circumference. Each of the nests is nearly as large as that of the stork. They are made of a jelly digested from the bones of the fish upon which the birds prey, and are almost as white in colour as the birds themselves. Freshly formed nest dissolved in hot water makes dishes as much to the taste of Martialists as the famous bird-nest soup to that of the Chinese. Both down and nests, therefore, are largely plundered; but the birds are never injured, and care is taken in robbing them to leave enough of the outer portion of the nest to constitute a bed for the eggs, and encourage the creatures to rebuild and reline it.


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 One harvest only is permitted, the second stripping of feathers and the rebuilt nest being left undisturbed. The caverns are lined with a white guano, now some feet thick, since it has ceased to be sought for manure; the Martialists having discovered means of saturating the soil with ammonia procured from the nitrogen of the atmosphere, which with the sewage and other similar materials enables them to dispense with this valuable bird manure. Whether the white colour of the island, perceptible even in a large Terrestrial telescope, is in any degree due to the whiteness of the birds, their nests, and leavings, or wholly to reflection from the bright spar-like surface of the rock itself, and especially of the flat table-like summit, I will not pretend to say.

From this point we held our course south-westward, and entered the northernmost of two extraordinary gulfs of exactly similar shape, separated by an isthmus and peninsula which assume on a map the form of a gigantic hammer. The strait by which each gulf is entered is about a hundred miles in length and ten in breadth. The gulf itself, if it should not rather be called an inland sea, occupies a total area of about 100,000 square miles. The isthmus, 500 miles in length by 50 in breadth, ends in a roughly square peninsula of about 10,000 square miles in extent, nearly the whole of which is a plateau 2000 feet above the sea-level. On the narrowest point of the isthmus, just where it joins the mainland, and where a sheltered bay runs up from either sea, is situated the great city of Amâkasfe, the natural centre of Martial life and commerce. At this point we found awaiting us the balloon which was to convey us to the Court of the Suzerain. A very light but strong metallic framework


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 maintained the form of the "fish-shaped" or spindle-shaped balloon itself, which closely resembled that of our vessel, its dimensions being of necessity greater. Attached to this framework was the car of similar form, about twelve feet in length and six in depth, the upper third of the sides, however, being of open-work, so as not to interfere with the survey of the traveller. Eveena could not help shivering at the sight of the slight vehicle and the enormous machine of thin, bladder-like material by which it was to be upheld. She embarked, indeed, without a word, her alarm betraying itself by no voluntary sign, unless it were the tight clasp of my hand, resembling that of a child frightened, but ashamed to confess its fear. I noticed, however, that she so arranged her veil as to cover her eyes when the signal for the start was given. She was, therefore, wholly unconscious of the sudden spring, unattended by the slightest jolt or shake, which raised us at once 500 feet above the coast, and under whose influence, to my eyes, the ground appeared suddenly to fall from us. When I drew out the folds of her veil, it was with no little amazement that she saw the sky around her, the sea and the city far below. An aerial current to the north-westward at our present level, which had been selected on that account, carried us at a rate of some twelve miles an hour; a rate much increased, however, by the sails at the stern of the car, sails of thin metal fixed on strong frames, and striking with a screw-like motion. Their lack of expanse was compensated by a rapidity of motion such that they seemed to the eye not to move at all, presenting the appearance of an uniform disc reflecting the rays of the Sun, which was now almost


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 immediately above us. Towards evening the Residence of the Camptâ became visible on the north-western horizon. It was built on a plateau about 400 feet above the sea-level, towards which the ground from all sides sloped up almost imperceptibly. Around it was a garden of great extent with a number of trees of every sort, some of them masses of the darkest green, others of bright yellow, contrasting similarly shaped masses of almost equal size clothed from base to top in a continuous sheet of pink, emerald, white or crimson flowers. The turf presented almost as great a variety of colours, arranged in. every conceivable pattern, above which rose innumerable flower-beds, uniform or varied, the smallest perhaps two, the largest more than 200 feet in diameter; each circle of bloom higher than that outside it, till in some cases the centre rose even ten feet above the general level. The building itself was low, having nowhere more than two stories. One wing, pointed out to me by Ergimo, was appropriated to the household of the Prince; the centre standing out in front and rear, divided by a court almost as wide as the wings; the further wing accommodating the attendants and officials of the Court. We landed, just before the evening mist began to gather, at the foot of an inclined way of a concrete resembling jasper, leading up to the main entrance of the Palace.


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292 water in the wilderness, as he did Hagar not far from hence, (Gen. 21. 19.) that had been a great favour; but, that he might show his power as well as his pity, and make it a miracle ifof - as per 1806 London edition [sic] mercy, he gave them water out of a rock. He directed Moses whither to go, and appointed him to take of the elders of Israel with him, to be witnesses of what was done, that they might themselves be satisfied, and might satisfy others, of the certainty of God's presence with them; he promised to meet him there in the cloud of glory, (to encourage him,) and ordered him to smite the rock: Moses obeyed, and immediately water came out of the rock in great abundance, which ran throughout the camp in streams and rivers, (Ps. 78. 15, 16.) and followed them wherever they went in that wilderness: it is called a fountain of waters, Ps. 114.8. God showed the care he took of his people, in giving them water when they wanted it; he showed his power, in fetching the water out of a rock; and he put an honour upon Moses, in appointing the water to flow out, upon his smiting of the rock. This fair water, that came out of the rock, is called honey and oil, (Deut. 32. 13.), because the people's thirst made it doubly pleasant; coming when they were in extreme want, it was like honey and oil to them. It is probable the people digged canals for the conveyance of it, and pools for the reception of it, in like manner as, long afterward, passing through the valley of Baca, they made it a well, Ps. 84. 6. Numb. 21. 18. Let this direct us to live in a dependence, 1. Upon God's providence, even in the greatest straits and difficulties. God can open fountains for our supply, where we least expect them, waters in the wilderness, (Isa. 43. 20.) because he makes a way in the wilderness, v. 19. Those who, in this wilderness, keep to God's way, may trust him to provide for them. While we follow the pillar of cloud and fire, surely goodness and mercy shall follow us, like the water out of the rock. 2. Upon Christ's grace; that Rock was Christ, 1 Cor. 10. 4. The graces and comforts of the Spirit are compared to rivers of living water, John, 7. 38, 39.—4. 14. These flow from Christ, who is the Rock smitten by the law of Moses, for he was made under the law. Nothing will supply the needs, and satisfy the desires, of a soul, but water out of the rock, this fountain opened. The pleasures of sense are puddle-water; spiritual delights are rock-water, so pure, so clear, so refreshing; rivers of pleasure.

V. A new name was, upon this occasion, given to the place, preserving the remembrance, not of the mercy of their supply, (the water that followed them was sufficient to do that,) but of the sin of their murmuring, Massah, Temptation, because they tempted God, Meribah, Strife, because they chid with Moses, v. 7. There was thus a remembrance kept of sin, both for the disgrace of the sinners themselves, (sin leaves a blot upon the name,) and for warning to their seed to take heed of sinning after the similitude of their transgression.

8. Then came Amalek, and fought with Israel in Rephidim. 9. And Moses said unto Joshua, Choose us out men, and go out, fight with Amalek: to-morrow I will stand on the top of the hill, with the rod of God in mine hand. 10. So Joshua did as Moses had said to him, and fought with Amalek: and Moses, Aaron, and Hur, went up to the top of the hill. 11. And it came to pass, when Moses held up his hand, that Israel prevailed; and when he let down his hand, Amalek prevailed. 12. But Moses' hands were heavy; and they took a stone and put it under him, and he sat thereon: and Aaron and Hur stayed up his hands, the one on the one side, and the other on the other side; and his hands were steady until the going down of the sun. 13. And Joshua discomfited Amalek and his people with the edge of the sword. 14. And the said unto Moses, Write this for a memorial in a book, and rehearse it in the ears of Joshua; for I will utterly put out the remembrance of Amalek from under heaven. 15. And Moses built an altar, and called the name of it JEHOVAH-nissi. 16. For he said, Because the hath sworn, that the  will have war with Amalek from generation to generation.

We have here the story of the war with Amalek, which, we may suppose, was the first that was recorded in the book of the wars of the Lord, Numb. 21. 14. Amalek was the first ofthe nations that Israel fought with, Numb. 24. 20. Observe,

I. Amalek's attempt; they came out, and fought with Israel, v. 8. The Amalekites were the posterity of Esau, who hated Jacob because of the birthright and blessing, and this was an effort of the hereditary enmity; a malice that ran in the blood, and perhaps was now exasperated, by the working of the promise towards an accomplishment. Consider this, 1. As Israel's affliction; they had been quarrelling with Moses, (v. 2.) and now God sends Amalekites to quarrel with them: wars abroad are the just punishment of strifes and discontents at home. 2. As Amalek's sin; so it is reckoned, Deut. 25. 17, 18. They did not boldly front them, as a generous enemy, but, without any provocation given by Israel, or challenge given to them, basely fell upon their rear, and smote those that were faint and feeble, and could neither make resistance, nor escape; herein they bade defiance to that Power which had so lately ruined the Egyptians; but in vain did they attack a camp guarded and victualled by miracles; verily they knew not what they did.

II. Israel's engagement with Amalek, in their own necessary defence against the aggressors; and there,

1. The post assigned to Joshua, of whom this is the first mention: he is nominated commander in chief in this expedition, that he might be trained up to the services he was designed for, after the death Of Moses, and be a man of war from his youth. He is ordered to draw out a detachment of choice men from the thousands of Israel, and to drive back the Amalekites, v. 9. When the Egyptians pursued them, Israel must stand still, and see what God would do; but now it was, required that they should bestir themselves. Note, God is to be trusted in the use of means.

2. The post assumed by Moses, (v. 9.) I will stand on the top of the hill, with the rod of God in my hand. See how God qualifies his people for, and calls them to, various services for the good of his church; Joshua fights, Moses prays, and both minister to Israel. Moses went up to the top of the hill, and placed himself, probably, so as to be seen by Israel; there he held up the rod of God in his hand; that wonder-working rod which had summoned the plagues of Egypt, and under which Israel passed