text:
Page:Elementary Color (IA gri c00033125012656167).djvu/28

 defined red on one hand and the equally definite narrow band of yellow on the other, and it is quite wonderful what unanimity of opinion there is on this particular color which would naturally seem to be the one most doubtful in its location. On the other side of the yellow the green seems to offer little difficulty and the pure Paris or emerald green is very nearly the standard. The violet being at the other end of the spectrum is as easily decided as the red, but the blue between the green and violet is not so easily determined, because, from the best blue the hue runs so imperceptibly into the violet on one side and the green on the other. Pure ultramarine blue is the nearest approach to the spectrum standard of blue of any of the permanent pigments, but even this is a trifle too violet.

For educational purposes papers coated with pigments afford at once the purest colors and the most economical and useful material, and on this plan a line of colored papers has been prepared for color instruction in the kindergartens and primary schools in imitation of the above described spectrum standards.

From the pure spectrum standards it is possible by reflected light to combine the two standards to produce a color between them, for example if two small mirrors are held in a spectrum one at the "red" and the other at the "orange" and the two reflected on to the same spot on a white surface, the result' is a color between the red and the orange. So also if we mix red and orange pigments together we may produce colors between the two which may be termed orange-red or red-orange; but unfortunately there is no means known by which we can measure the proportion of the red and orange color-effect which is produced by any given mixture of these two pigments, because color-effect cannot be measured by the pint of mixed paint or the ounce of dry pigment.

We, however, have another means for measuring color effect which just in this emergency seems providential. It is a fact well known to every boy that if he rapidly whirls a lighted stick


text:
Page:Pioneersorsource02cooprich.djvu/325

 whose sunburnt face was working with his feelings, and whose eyes twinkled as if something impeded their vision. After some little time, Natty raised himself slowly from the ground, and said aloud—

"Well, well I'm bold to say it's all right! There's something that I suppose is reading; but I can't make any thing of it; though the pipe, and the tomahawk, and the moccasins, be pretty well—pretty well, for a man that, I dares to say, never seed 'ither of the things. Ah's me!  there they lie, side by side, happy enough! Who will there be to put me in the 'arth, when my time comes!"

"When that unfortunate hour arrives, Natty, friends shall not be wanting to perform the last offices for you," said Oliver, a little touched at the hunter's soliloquy.

The old man turned, without manifesting any surprise, for he had got the Indian habits in this particular, and running his hand under the bottom of his nose, seemed to wipe away his sorrow with the action.

"You've come out to see the graves, children, have ye?" he said; "well, well, they're wholesome sights to young as well as old."

"I hope they are fitted to your liking," said Effingham; "no one has a better right than yourself to be consulted in the matter."

"Why, seeing that I an't used to fine graves," returned the old man, "it is but little matter consarning my taste. Ye laid the Major's head to the west, and Mohegan's to the east, did ye, lad?"

"At your request it was done."

"It's so best." said the hunter; "they thought they had to journey different ways, children; there is One greater than all, who'll bring

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text: A Study of Peter Chelčický's Life and a Translation from Czech of Part I of His Net of Faith (1947)/Part 2/Section 12


text:
Page:Elementary Color (IA gri c00033125012656167).djvu/29

 the fire at the end produces the effect of a circle of light, which phenomenon is explained by a quality of the eye called retention of vision, by which the impression made by the point of light remains on the retina of the eye during an entire rotation. It is a fact, based on the same quality of vision, that if one color is presented to the eye, and instantly replaced by another the effect is a combination of the two colors. Therefore if one-quarter of the surface of a disk of cardboard is covered with orange paper and three-quarters with red paper, and then the disk placed on a rapidly rotating spindle, the color effect is a mixture of red and orange, and the effect is exactly in proportion to the angular measurements of the two sectors, so that if the circumference is divided into 100 equal parts the resultant color will be definitely represented by the formula "Red, 75; Orange, 25."

Less than forty years ago an English scientist named J. Clerk Maxwell while making experiments with such painted disks happily conceived the idea of cutting a radial slit in each of two disks from the circumference to the center so that by joining the disks they could be made to show any desired proportion of each and hence they are called Maxwell disks- With such disks made in the six pigmentary standards red, orange, yellow, green, blue and violet, the intermediate pigmentary spectrum colors may be very accurately determined by combination and rotation. If we give to each of these standards a symbol as R. for red, 0- for orange, Y. for yellow, G. for green, B. for blue, V. for violet, we then have the basis for a definite nomenclature of colors in imitation of the pure spectrum colors. As all pigmentary or material colors are modified by light and shade thus producing in high light tints and in shadow shades of the colors, we must seek for some means of imitating these effects, and fortunately find them in white and black disks. If with a standard color disk we combine a white disk we may have a line of tints of that color, and with a black disk, shades. Giving this white disk a symbol of W. and the black disk N.


text: A Study of Peter Chelčický's Life and a Translation from Czech of Part I of His Net of Faith (1947)/Part 2/Section 13


text:
Page:Elementary Color (IA gri c00033125012656167).djvu/30

 we complete our nomenclature. We cannot use B for black because B has already been used for blue, and therefore we use N. for niger the Latin word for black.

Briefly stated then this system of color instruction is comprised under the five general heads : Spectrum Standards; Pigmentary Standards based on the spectrum standards; Maxwell Rotating Disks in the pigmentary standards and Black and White ; a Color Nomenclature based on the accepted standards and their disk combinations ; and colored papers made in accordance with these standards and their combinations.

For spectrum standards, six definite locations expressing the natural aesthetic or psychological impressions of red, orange, yelllow, green, blue and violet are selected. Six standards are chosen instead of a larger number as for example twelve, because for the purposes of a nomenclature the smaller number is more convenient than a greater number. The six are selected rather than three, four or five, because while in the consideration of colored light alone the smaller number would possibly suffice to form by combinations imitations of all other colors, any number smaller than six is entirely inadequate to form by pigmentary or disk combinations fairly good expressions of the corresponding spectrum color combinations.

In selecting the spectrum standards special prominence has been given to the psychological color perceptions of experts in determining those locations in the spectrum best expressing the color feeling of red, orange, yellow, green, blue and violet, while the purely scientific consideration of these several questions has not been ignored or lightly treated.

For pigmentary standards the best possible pigmentary imitations of the six spectrum standards are secured and to these are added the nearest approach to white and black that can be produced in pigments.

Pigmentary standards on which to base a nomenclature are valueless without some means by which measurements of stand-


text:
Page:Elementary Color (IA gri c00033125012656167).djvu/31

 ards embraced in a given compound color can be expressed.

The Maxwell color disks are the only known means by which we may measure the relative proportions of color effect embodied in a given color, and therefore the eight color disks are the foundation of the original color nomenclature herein advocated.

Colored papers are chosen for primary color instruction because paper is a valuable medium for simple schoolroom manual training and because no other pigmentary medium is at once so economical and affords such pure colors as may be secured in specially prepared colored papers, without a glazed surface.

Before leaving this part of the subject we do well to remember that in the present conditions of chemistry as applied to the preparation of pigments it is not possible to establish any absolutely definite science of such color combinations. Nor is it possible to establish permanent pigmentary standards without great expense, but if the locations of the standard colors in the spectrum are established by wave lengths the pigmentary standards may be re-determined at any time and produced, in the purest pigments available at the time. In art or harmony effects, the purity of the pigmentary standard is not so important as its hue, i. e. its location in the spectrum, which may always be determined by the established wave length. This last statement may be illustrated by the investigations regarding complementary harmonies. Scientifically one color is not considered complementary to another unless when combined in equal quantities they produce white light, or in other words when combined by the rotation of disks each color must occupy a half circle and the result must be a neutral gray. But this is not essential in considering a complementary harmony, as harmonies in different tones and in various proportions are pleasing and as yet the proportions and tones which produce the best combinations have not been determined.

The entire question of harmonies or pleasing color effects is dependent on individual color perception, and the establishment of rules and laws on these points can result only from a


text: A Study of Peter Chelčický's Life and a Translation from Czech of Part I of His Net of Faith (1947)/Part 2/Section 14


text:
Page:Holy Bible Berean Standard Bible.pdf/145

'''Leviticus 14:22 outside the camp to examine him, and if the skin disease of the afflicted person has healed, the priest shall order that two live clean birds, cedar wood, scarlet yarn, and hyssop be brought for the one to be cleansed.

Then the priest shall command that one of the birds be slaughtered over fresh water in a clay pot. And he is to take the live bird together with the cedar wood, scarlet yarn, and hyssop, and dip them into the blood of the bird that was slaughtered over the fresh water. Seven times he shall sprinkle the one to be cleansed of the skin disease. Then he shall pronounce him clean and release the live bird into the open field.

The one being cleansed must wash his clothes, shave off all his hair, and bathe with water; then he will be ceremonially clean. Afterward, he may enter the camp, but he must remain outside his tent for seven days. On the seventh day he must shave off all his hair—his head, his beard, his eyebrows, and the rest of his hair. He must wash his clothes and bathe himself with water, and he will be clean.

On the eighth day he is to bring two unblemished male lambs, an unblemished ewe lamb a year old, a grain offering of three-tenths of an ephah of fine flour mixed with olive oil, and one log of olive oil. The priest who performs the cleansing shall present the one to be cleansed, together with these offerings, before the LORD at the entrance to the Tent of Meeting.

Then the priest is to take one of the male lambs and present it as a guilt offering, along with the log of olive oil; and he must wave them as a wave offering before the LORD. Then he is to slaughter the lamb in the sanctuary area where the sin offering and burnt offering are slaughtered. Like the sin offering, the guilt offering belongs to the priest; it is most holy.

The priest is to take some of the blood from the guilt offering and put it on the right earlobe of the one to be cleansed, on the thumb of his right hand, and on the big toe of his right foot. Then the priest shall take some of the log of olive oil, pour it into his left palm, dip his right forefinger into the oil in his left palm, and sprinkle some of the oil with his finger seven times before the LORD. And the priest is to put some of the oil remaining in his palm on the right earlobe of the one to be cleansed, on the thumb of his right hand, and on the big toe of his right foot, on top of the blood of the guilt offering.

The rest of the oil in his palm, the priest is to put on the head of the one to be cleansed, to make atonement for him before the LORD. Then the priest is to sacrifice the sin offering and make atonement for the one to be cleansed from his uncleanness. After that, the priest shall slaughter the burnt offering and offer it on the altar, with the grain offering, to make atonement for him, and he will be clean.

If, however, the person is poor and cannot afford these offerings, he is to take one male lamb as a guilt offering to be waved to make atonement for him, along with a tenth of an ephah of fine flour mixed with olive oil for a grain offering, a log of olive oil, and two turtledoves or two young pigeons, whichever he can afford, one to be a sin offering and the other a burnt offering.


text: A Study of Peter Chelčický's Life and a Translation from Czech of Part I of His Net of Faith (1947)/Part 2/Section 15


text:
Page:Pioneersorsource02cooprich.djvu/324

 may be proper for one of her years and character."

"Why, Bess! you amaze me! I did not think you had been such a manager!"

"Oh! I manage more deeply than you imagine, sir," said the wife, archly smiling, again; "but it is my will, and it is your duty to submit—for a time at least."

Effingham laughed; but as they approached the end of their walk, the subject was changed by common consent.

The place at which they arrived was the little spot of level ground where the cabin of the Leather-stocking had so long stood. Elizabeth found it entirely cleared of rubbish, and beautifully laid down in turf, by the removal of sods, which, in common with the surrounding country, had grown gay, under the influence of profuse showers, as if a second spring had passed over the land. This little place was surrounded by a circle of mason-work, and they entered by a small gate, near which, to the surprise of both, the rifle of Natty was leaning against the wall. Hector and the slut reposed on the grass by its side, as if conscious that, however altered, they were lying on ground, and were surrounded by objects, with which they were familiar. The hunter himself was stretched on the earth, before a head-stone of white marble, pushing aside with his fingers the long grass that had already sprung up from the luxuriant soil around its base, apparently to lay bare the inscription that was there engraven. By the side of this stone, which was a simple slab at the head of a grave, stood a rich monument, decorated with an urn, and ornamented tastefully with the chisel.

Oliver and Elizabeth approached the graves, with a light tread, unheard by the old hunter,


text: A Study of Peter Chelčický's Life and a Translation from Czech of Part I of His Net of Faith (1947)/Part 2/Section 16


text:
Page:Pioneersorsource02cooprich.djvu/323

 excellent man. I shall never find another who has half the veneration for my orthodoxy. You would humble me from a saint to a very common sinner."

"It must be done, sir," returned the lady, with a half-concealed smile, "though it degrades you from an angel to a man."

"But you forget the farm."

"He can lease it, as others do. Besides, would you have a clergyman toil in the fields!"

"Where can he go? you forget Louisa."

"No, I do not forget Louisa," said Elizabeth, again compressing her beautiful lips. "You know, Effingham, that my father has told you that I ruled him, and that I should rule you. I am now about to exert my power."

"Any thing, any thing, dear Elizabeth, but not at the expense of us all; not at the expense of your friend."

"How do you know, sir, that it will be so much at the expense of my friend?" said the lady, fixing her eyes with a searching look on his countenance, where they met only the unsuspecting expression of manly regret.

"How do I know it! why, it is natural that she should regret us."

"It is our duty to struggle with our natural feelings," returned the lady; "and there is but little cause to fear that such a spirit as Louisa's will not effect it."

"But what is your plan?"

"Listen, and you shall know. My father has procured a call for Mr. Grant to one of the towns on the Hudson, where he can live more at his ease than in journeying through these woods; where he can spend the evening of his life in comfort and quiet; and where his daughter may meet with such society, and form such a connexion, as


text: A Study of Peter Chelčický's Life and a Translation from Czech of Part I of His Net of Faith (1947)/Part 2/Section 17


text: A Study of Peter Chelčický's Life and a Translation from Czech of Part I of His Net of Faith (1947)/Part 2/Section 18


text:
Page:Masnavi I Ma'navi.pdf/120

72 THE MASNAVI. [BOOK II Then follows an anecdote of a man who slew his mother because she was alway misconducting herself with strangers, and who excused himself by pleading that if he had not done so he would have been obliged to slay strangers every day, and thus incur blood-guiltiness. Lust is likened to this abandoned mother; when it is once slain, you are at peace with all men. In answer to an objection that if this were so the prophets and saints, who have subdued lust, would not have been hated and oppressed as they were, it is pointed out that they who hated the prophets in reality hated themselves, just as sick men quarrel with the physician or boys with the teacher. Prophets and saints are created to test the dispositions of men, that the good may be severed from the bad. The numerous grades of prophets, of saints, and of holy men are ordained, as so many curtains of the light of God, to tone down its brilliance, and make it visible to all grades of human sight.

STORY III. The King and his Two Slaves (p. 118).

A king purchased two slaves, one extremely handsome, and the other very ugly. He sent the first away to the bath, and in his absence questioned the other. He told him that the first slave had given a very bad account of him, saying that he was a thief and a bad character, and asked if it was true. The second slave replied that the first was everything that was good, his inward qualities corresponding to the beauty of his outward appearance, and that whatever he had told the king was worthy of credit. The king replied that beauty was only an accident, and that, according to the tradition, accidents "endure only two moments; "-that at death the animal soul is destroyed, that the text, "Whoso shall present himself with beauty shall receive tenfold reward," does not refer to outward accidents, but to the "substance," the eternal 1 Koran vi, 161,

title: Page:Masnavi I Ma'navi.pdf/120


text:
Page:Pioneersorsource02cooprich.djvu/322

 mountain, which were gay with the thousand dies of autumn, as if to grace their bridal, the swelling heart of the young wife burst out in speech.

"This is not a time for silence, Oliver!" she said, clinging more fondly to his arm; "every thing in nature seems to speak the praises of the Creator; why should we, who have so much to be grateful for, be silent."

"Speak on," said her husband, smiling; "I love the sounds of your voice. You must anticipate our errand hither; I have told you my plans, how do you like them?"

"I must first see them," returned his wife. "But I have had my plans, too; it is time I should begin to divulge them."

"You! It is something for the comfort of my old friend Natty, I know."

"Certainly of Natty; but we have other friends besides the Leather-stocking, to serve. Do you forget Louisa, and her father?"

"No, surely; have I not given one of the best farms in the county to the good divine. As for Louisa, I should wish you to keep her always near us."

"You do," said Elizabeth, slightly compressing her lips; "but poor Louise may have other views for herself; she may wish to follow my example, and marry."

"I don't think it," said Effingham, musing a moment; "I really don't know any one hereabouts good enough for her."

"Perhaps not here; but there are other places besides Templeton, and other churches besides 'New St. Paul's.'"

"Churches, Elizabeth! you would not wish to lose Mr. Grant, surely! though simple, he is an


text: A Study of Peter Chelčický's Life and a Translation from Czech of Part I of His Net of Faith (1947)/Bibliography


text:
Page:The Imperial Durbar Album of the Indian princes, chiefs and zamindars.djvu/16

IV and usurped the post of Minister in 1845 A.D. Next year Jung Bahadur perpetrated the notorious massacre in which about 150 Gurkha Sirdars were killed and thereby put his own office of Minister beyond all dispute. Soon after, he got rid of the Rani, at whose instigation he was led through these paths of cruelty. Ultimately, however, peace was restored and Surendra Vikramshah was raised to the throne.

Jung Bahadur laid the foundation of that curious system of administration in Nepal in which the Minister is the ruler de facto, and the King, a mere cypher in his hand. Jung Bahadur was friendly with the British. He visited England in 1850 A.D., and it was owing to the impression made on his mind by the vastness of British resources that he, not only firmly resisted all overtures to rise against the English in the great Mutiny of 1857 A.D., but on the contrary, went with a force of 8,000 Gurkhas to succour the English, and helped them to recapture Gorakhpur and Lucknow. Jung Bahadur died in 1857 A.D., but not before he had secured the succession to the office of Minister among his own brothers and after them to his son. In 1881 A.D., Maharaja Prithwi Weer Vikramshah, then a mere child of six years, succeeded his grandfather. In 1885 A.D. a conspiracy was formed against the Minister, Ranadeep Singh, who was killed; and Weer Samsher, a nephew of Jung Bahadur, assumed the post of Minister. Under his rule the country enjoyed peace and prosperity. He introduced a number of administrative reforms, and was liberal, moderate and just. Weer Samsher died in 1901 A.D. and was succeeded by his brother, Dev Samsher; but the new Minister was, within three months, deposed by his brother, Chandra Samsher, who is the present Minister. He attended the Durbar at Delhi in 1903 A.D. and has been very friendly with the British Government.

The area of Nepal is 54,000 square miles with a population of over 40 lacs. The Maharaja is entitled to a salute of 21 guns from the British Government. The government of the country is in the hands of the Minister, who, though assisted by a Council, issues his own orders without consulting either the King, or the Council. He spends the public money; makes all appointments, civil and military; confers all titles; and disposes of all appeals from the judicial courts established in the country for the disposal of civil and criminal matters. The revenue of the State has recently been greatly increased and stands at about two crores of rupees. Nepal has its own coinage though British coin is exchanged in the Nepalese market. It has its own Postal service; and there is also a British Post Office at Khatmandu. The standing army of Nepal is 25,000, out of which 2,500 are artillery-men. Every able-bodied man is liable to a compulsion of military service in times of danger. The Nepalese Government is extremely jealous of all foreigners and does not allow them to enter the country except by a fixed route and under strict surveillance. The State does not allow any railway or telegraph communication to be established in Nepal. There is immense mineral wealth in Nepal, but it remains unexlored and unutilized.

The State of Nepal enjoys complete independence so far as its internal affairs are concerned; but, like other Native States of India, its foreign relations are controlled by the British Government, and a British Resident is stationed at Khatmandu.


text:
Page:The Imperial Durbar Album of the Indian princes, chiefs and zamindars.djvu/19

THE first of the Gaekwar family who' came into prominence was Damajee, a gallant soldier in the service of Raja Shahu of Satara. In 1720-21 A.D. he distinguished himself so signally in* the battle-field that Khunde Rao Dabhade, the Senaputee, or Commander-in-Chief, obtained for him the appointment of second-in-command or Lieutenant in the army, with the title of Samsher Bahadoor from Raja Shahu. The Senaputee and his Lieutenant Damajee were the most distinguished among the first Mahratta leaders who levied contributions in Gujrath. Both of them died in 1721 A.D. and were succeeded in office, the former by his son Trimbuck Rao Dabhade, and the latter, by his nephew Pilajee Rao Gaekwar.

In 1729 A.D. the Peshwa, Bajee Rao I, began to interfere in the affairs of Gujrath. He opened negotiations with Sirbulund Khan, the Mogul Viceroy, and undertook to endeavour to relieve the province from the exactions and excesses of the Mahratta leaders who infested the province, on the Khan's making a formal cession to the Raja of Satara of certain cesses called "Chowth" and "Surdeshmookhee." This excited the hostility of Dabhade and his Lieutenant, who formed a confederacy of the disappointed Mahratta Chiefs to oppose the designs of Bajee Rao, who crushed their revolt in a battle near Baroda fought on 1st April 1731 A.D., in which Trimbuk Rao Dabhade was killed. His young son, Yeshwant Rao was, however, appointed as Senaputee, and Pilajee Gaekwar Avas confirmed in his post of Lieutenant or Mootalik with the additional title of Sena-Khas-Khel. It was agreed that the Peshwa and the Senaputee should not interfere with each other's possessions, and that Yeshwant Rao should have the entire management in Gujrath, on the stipulation of his paying half the revenues to the Peshwa, and rendering an 'account of all contributions levied from countries not mentioned in the deeds of cession that had been given to the Peshwa by Sirbulund Khan. The cession of the Chowth etc. by Sirbulund Khan, was however, disallowed by the Emperor of Delhi. Sirbulund Khan was removed from office, and was superseded by Abhay Singh, Raja of Jodhpur, one of whose emissaries murdered Pilajee Gaekwar in 1732 A.D. pilajee was succeeded by his son Damajee, during whose long and active career of nearly forty years the whole of Gujrath was wrested from the Moguls.

Yeshwant Rao, the Senaputee, grew up a wicked and vicious man, and the Dabhade family gave place to the Gaekwars. The possession of the city of Baroda was finally and permanently secured by Damajee in 1732 A.D., and it has ever since remained in the hands of his 'descendants as the capital of the Gaekwar State. In the year 1775 A.D. the Mogul rule in Ahmedabad was entirely overthrown, and the metropolis and the country under it were shared between themselves by the Peshwa and the Gaekwar.

Damajee had occasional ruptures with the Peshwa to whom he had to pay a large tribute besides furnishing a contingent of horse. At the disastrous battle of Paniput in 1761 A.D., Damajee commanded his contingent with credit. His death in 1768 A.D. was a signal for family dissensions, which eventually brought the State into its present relations with the British Government.


text:
Page:The Imperial Durbar Album of the Indian princes, chiefs and zamindars.djvu/20

3 Damajee had three wives, and he had a male issue by each. His first wife had one son Govind Rao, but his eldest son, Sayajee Rao, as well as Futteh Singh, were born of his second wife; and a dispute arose between Govind Rao and Sayajee Rao respecting the succession. The latter was of a feeble character; but his brother, Futteh Singh, who was an able and energetic man, managed by payment of a large Nuzzerana to obtain the sanction of the Peshwa's Government to the installation of Sayajee Rao, while he himself acted as Regent. To strengthen his own position Futteh Singh made overtures and sought an alliance with the British Government in 1772 A.D. but they were rejected. The rupture, however, which subsequently took place, between the court of Poona and the British Government, was the occasion for an offensive and defensive treaty with Futteh Singh, concluded by General Goddard on the 20th January 1780 A.D. This treaty was, however, virtually annulled on the conclusion of a peace between the British and the Poona Governments in 1782 A.D. Futteh Singh Gaekwar died of a fall from the upper story of his palace on 31st December 1789 A.D. Govind Rao was at the time at Poona, and Manajee, the younger son (by another wife) of Damajee, assumed the regency which he held till his own death in 1793 A.D. The succession of Govind Rao then followed, and in 1800 A.D. the Peshwa leased his share of the revenues of Gujrath to the Gaekwar. In the September of that year, Govind Rao died, and his elder son, Anund Rao, was acknowledged as his successor. He was of weak intellect, and the control of the State was usurped by his illegitimate half-brother, Kanajee Rao. The usurper, however, was soon deposed by a party headed by Raojee Appajee, the minister of Govind Rao. But the cause of Kanajee was espoused by Mulhar Rao (a cousin of Govind Rao) whose father had been a supporter of Govind Rao in his struggle with Futteh Singh, and who was dissatisfied with the treatment he had received from Govind Rao after the accession of the latter to power.

Thus beset, Raojee Appajee resolved to extricate his master and himself once for all from the troubles thickening around them, and overtures were made to the Bombay Government to subsidize five battalions of sepoys, if Mulhar Rao were reduced and Anund Rao saved from the domination of his Arab soldiery whose demand for payment of arrears was of the most menacing kind while their fidelity was more than doubtful. The requisite assistance was given by the Bombay Government; Mulhar Rao was subdued, and sent a prisoner to Bombay, Kanajee was transported to Madras, the Arabs were effectually curbed, and money was borrowed on British guarantee for the payment of the troops whose numbers were reduced.

In the year 1815 A.D. the Baroda Government deputed an agent, Gangadhar Shastree, to Poona, under the guarantee of the British Government for his safety, to settle certain accounts and disputes concerning the Kattiawar tribute, and to obtain a renewal of the lease of the Ahmedabad farm. Gangadhar Shastree was treacherously murdered by Trimbuckjee Denglia, minister and favourite of Bajeerao Peshwa. This circumstance severed the connection that subsisted between the Gaekwar and the Peshwa, who was the head of the Mahratta confederacy. The Peshwa, in consequence of this outrage, was made to subscribe to a Treaty on the 13th June 1817 A.D. wherein he was made to renounce all future claims against the Gaekwar and to compromise past claims for an annual sum of four lacs of Rupees, from the payment of which, however, the Gaekwar was released on the overthrow of the Peshwa. As a result of this arrangement, a new treaty was concluded on the 6th of November 1817 A. D., with Futteh Singh, the Regent, on behalf of Anund Rao Gaekwar, the chief provisions of which


text:
Page:The Imperial Durbar Album of the Indian princes, chiefs and zamindars.djvu/21

Rh were an increase of the subsidiary force for the payment of which all the rights the Gaekwar had acquired by the farm of the Peshwa's territories in Gujrath were to be ceded to the British Government; the consolidation of the territories of the British Government and the .Gaekwar in Gujrath by "the exchange of certain districts; the co-operation of the Gaekwar's troops with those of the British Government in time of war; engagement by the Gaekwar to maintain a contingent of 3,000 horse at the disposal of the British Government; and the mutual surrender of criminals.

Anund Rao Gaekwar died on the 2nd of October 1819 A.D. and was succeeded by his younger brother Sayajee Rao, who entered into a convention with the British Government in 1820 A.D., whereby he agreed not to send any troops into Kattiawar and Mahee Kanta, and to make no demands of tribute from his feudatories, except through the medium of the British Government who undertook to procure payment of the same free of expense to the Gaekwar without any trouble to him.

Sayajee Rao Gaekwar on more than one occasion disregarded the treaty rights with the British Government by withholding payment of the guaranteed debts and committing several unfriendly acts against them; and, as a consequence, some of his districts were sequestrated from him as a temporary measure; but the matters in dispute were at length satisfactorily adjusted. Sayajee Rao died on the 19th of December 1847 A.D. and was succeeded by his eldest son Gunput Rao, who died without male issue on November 19, 1856 A.D. He was succeeded by his brother Khunde Rao. During the Mutiny of 1857^58 Khunde Rao Gaekwar rendered signal service to the British Government, and as a reward for the same, the payment of three lacs of rupees per annum for which the Gaekwar Government was liable to maintain a body of cavalry, known as the Gujrath Irregular Horse, was remitted. In addition to this recognition of the Gaekwar's good services he was created by the British Government a Knight Grand Commander of the Most Exalted Order of the Star of India in 1862 A.D.

Khunde Rao died on the 28th of November 1870 A.D., leaving no lineal successor though the next heir to the Gadi, under the circumstances, was his younger brother, Mulhar Rao, who had been a state prisoner at Padra in Baroda territory since 1 863 A.D. on account of a suspicion of a conspiracy to bring about the death of his brother Khunde Rao by poison or other means. On the death of Khunde Rao, Mulhar Rao was, formerly installed as successor on the Gadi, on the understanding that if Jumnabaee, the widow of Kharrde Rao who was enciente at the time of her husband's death, were delivered of ,a son, that child should be recognised as Gaekwar. The posthumous child was, however, a female and Mulhar Rao continued to be the ruler. But his rule was such that within three years of his installation the British Government was obliged to appoint a Commission to, inquire into the charge of maladministration, preferred against him by numerous complainants through the British Resident, Colonel Phayre C. B. On a careful consideration of the report submitted by the Commission, the Government of India decided to give the Gaekwar a term of seventeen months to effect certain reforms specially mentioned in the report as imminently required.

Before the expiration of this period, however, an attempt to poison the Resident, Colonel Phayre, was discovered in November 1874 A.D. The enquiries that were instituted warranted the conclusion that the attempt was instigated by Mulhar Rao, and he was suspended from the functions of Ruler on the 14th of January 1875 A.D. The charges against him were investigated by a High Commission, consisting of three


text:
Page:The Imperial Durbar Album of the Indian princes, chiefs and zamindars.djvu/22

5 European and three Native members, which commenced its sittings at Baroda on the 23rd of February 1875 A.D. The members of the Commission were divided in their opinion as to the guilt of Mulhar Rao; and the British Government deposed him from the sovereignty of the Baroda State on account of his notorious misconduct, his gross mis-government, and his evident incapacity to carry into effect thz necessary reforms required of him.

Sayajee Rao, a descendant of Pratap Rao, son of Pilajee Rao, the founder of the family and younger brother of Damajee whose line terminated with Mulhar Rao, was installed as Gaekwar, having been selected by the Government of India as the fittest member of the family to fill the vacant Gadi. Her Highness Jumnabaee, widow of Khunde Rao Gaekwar, was permitted to adopt him in consideration of Khunde Rao's valuable services during the Mutiny, and on the 27th of May 1875 A.D. Syajee Rao was installed as Gaekwar. During his minority the administration was in the hands of the famous Indian statesman, Raja Sir T. Madhavrao. After completing his education under the care of a European tutor, the young Maharaja was invested with full powers of administration on the 28th of December 1881 A.D

In 1883 A.D. Raja Sir T. Madhavrao resigned his office of Minister. Since then the Maharaja has been devoting his closest personal attention to every branch of the administration with great success. He is his own Foreign Minister and maintains his relations with the British Government with great tact, dignity, and perfect good faith. Himself a highly accomplished ruler, he makes it his special care to bestow the blessings of education upon his subjects and has been the first ruler in India to make primary eduaction not only free but compulsory in his Raj. He has been a great traveller, and has turned his travels and observations to good account; and, his administration shows unmistakable signs of the enlightenment which his mind has received from them.

The administration is carried on by an executive Council, subject to the control of the Maharaja, who is assisted by a Diwan as the head executive officer. In 1904 A.D. a Legislative department, and subsequently a Legislative Council, was established. A scheme for local self Government has been in force since 1905 A. D., the total expenditure of the Municipalities amounting to nearly a lac of rupees. The State-army numbers about 5,000 officers and men with a light field'battery and four cavalry and four infantry regiments. The total cost of the army comes to about seventeen lacs of rupees. In regard to education indiginous schools are generally 'recognized and provision is made for higher education in all its grades as also for technical and industrial education. The total expenditure on education comes to about seven lacs of rupees per annum.

The Baroda state has an area of 8,590 square miles, a population of over twenty lacs, and a revenue of about one crore and a half. The Maharaja is entitled to a salute of 21 guns.


text:
Page:The Imperial Durbar Album of the Indian princes, chiefs and zamindars.djvu/24

HYDERABAD is the first Mahomedan as well as the premier Native State in India. Its rulers hold the title of the Nizam. The dynasty was founded by Asaf Jah a Turk Subhedar of Delhi in the time of Aurangzeb. In 1719 A.D. Asaf Jah was raised to the position of Grand Vazier, but he preferred a modest independent rule in the Deccan to the subordinate office of Vazier at Delhi. Asaf Jah died in 1748 A. D. leaving behind him six sons who quarrelled among themselves for succession with the help of the English and the French, who were then the rising rival powers in India. Nasir Jung, Salabut Jung, and Muzafar Jung had each his turn at the musnad. The Mahrattas earned on a continuous warfare with the Nizam. In 1760 A.D. they won the battle of Udgir and conquered part of the Nizam's territory. In 1766 A.D. a treaty was concluded between the English and the Nizam, by which the former were allowed to retain the districts acquired by them under a firman from the Emperor of Delhi, in consideration of an annual payment of nine lacs of rupees and a promise of military assistance whenever required. ^These friendly relations were temporarily disturbed through' the machinations of Hyder Ali of Mysore, but were soon again restored. In 1794 A.D. the quarrel between the Nizam and the Mahrattas came to a point; and, at Kharda the Nizam sustained a disastrous defeat and had to yield a territory having an income of 35 lacs of rupees and to pay a war^indemnity of Rupees three crores. After a temporary absence the English battalions were permanently established near Hyderabad and the French soldiery was finally disbanded. In 1799 A.D. the Nizam rendered valuable assistance to the English against Tipu who was defeated and killed at Shrirangpattan, and he equally shared with them the conquered territories. In 1800 A.D. by a fresh treaty, the strength of the English contingent at Hyderabad was increased and the British permanently took upon themselves the protection of the Nizam.

Nizam Ali died in 1803 A.D. at the age of 104. His second son Sikandar Jah succeeded him. During his reign the internal affairs were in great disorder but were eventually put right by the famous Diwan Chandulal, a protege of the British Government. In 1817 A.D. the Nizam rendered assistance to the British against the Peshwa and obtained territories yielding a revenue of about six lacs. Sikandar Jah died in 1829 A.D. and was succeeded by Nasir-ud-daula. In 1 839 A.D. a rebellion was headed by a brother of the Nizam, but was ultimately put down. In 1853 A.D. a misunderstanding arose between the Nizam and the English over the stipulations about the Hyderabad contingent. Accounts were then taken and fresh arrangements made. The annual expenditure of the contingent was reduced to 24 lacs, and the province of Berars was hypothecated to the English as a guarantee to cover the obligation. This arrangement was generally disapproved by the Nizam's subjects. In 1853 A.D. the famous Minister Sir Salar Jung assumed the duties of the Diwan and at once commenced the work of reform. He left no department untouched and succeeded in giving a model tone to the entire administration. The revenues of the State were increased and the subjects began to enjoy for the first time the fruits of peace and plenty. In 1857 A.D. the Indian Mutiny rendered the situation of the English very critical. But the Nizam kept his faith by them most scrupulously and the situation was saved in the Deccan. Sir Salar Jung became extremely unpopular at the time


text:
Page:The Imperial Durbar Album of the Indian princes, chiefs and zamindars.djvu/25

Rh owing to this supposed unpatriotic deed, and even^plots and conspiracies, which happily proved abortive, were ^concocted by his enemies for his assassination.

Nasir-ud-daula died in 1857 A.D. and was succeeded by his son Afzal-ud-daula. This change of rulers did not bring on any troubles owing to the firmness of the Minister : and the British Government have acknowledged that if Sir Salar Jung had not faithfully adhered to the solemn pledge plighted to the English, it is hardly possible to say now with certainty what would have become of the British power in India. The work of reform was patiently and strenuously carried on by Sir Salar Jung to his death, though not without frequent obstructions both from the court gentry, as also from the Nizam himself. In 1869 A.D. Afzal-ud-daula died and was succeeded by his son Mir Mahabub Ali. During his minority. Sir Salar Jung was practically the ruler. The Minister made an effort, owing to the improved condition of the treasury, to get back the province of the Berars, but he was told that nothing could be done during the minority of the Nizam. In 1876 A.D. Sir Salar Jung went to England with a view to appeal to the British authorities at headquarters to obtain the release of the Berars, but his mission proved unsuccessful. In 1883 A.D. Sir Salar Jung died, and the administration was entrusted to a Council of Regency.

H. H. Mir Mahabub Ali Khan attained his majority in 1884 A.D. and was installed on the musnad by the then Viceroy Lord Ripon personally. The office of Minister was held by Sir Salar Jung II upto 1888 A.D., by Sir Asaman Jah upto 1893 A.D., by Sir Vikar-ul-Umara upto 1901 A.D., and since then it has been in the hands of Maharaja Sir Kishen Pershad Bahadur K. C. I. E. In November 1902 A.D. the question of 'the assigned districts' of the Berars came up, and they were leased in perpetuity to the British Government at an annual rental of 25 lacs of Rupees.

During the rule of His Highness Nawab Mir Sir Mahabub Ali, Khan Bahadur Fateh Jung, G. C. S. I. several reforms were introduced in the administration by which the State has vastly benefited and made great progress both materially as well as morally. This ruler evinced* a geniune interest in the welfare of his subjects all of whom he treated with justice and toleration irrespective of caste and creed. He maintained friendly relations with the Paramount Power and has fully justified the attribute "Our Faithful Ally". After a rule of 27 years H. H. Mir Mahabub Ali Khan died on August 27, 1911 A.D. widely bemoaned by the Indian Empire. He was a thoughtful and benignant ruler much esteemed and loved by his people. His son Mir Osman Ali, Khan Bahadur whose education and practical training augur every prospect of his following in the footsteps of his worthy father, has succeeded him.

The State of Hyderabad is of great interest to the archaeologist as well as the geologist and the mineralogist; to the former, on account of the numerous ancient caves, and temples, scattered throughout the country; and to the latter, for the peculiar rock-formations and rich mines in which it abounds.

The total area of the Hyderabad State is 82,698 square miles, having a population of about lj crores, with a revenue of 470 lacs of Rupees. The Nizam is entitled to a salute of 21 guns.


text:
Page:The Imperial Durbar Album of the Indian princes, chiefs and zamindars.djvu/27

THE early history of the present rulers of Mysore is involved in obscurity. Vijayaraj and Krishnaraj who came to the south from Dwarka in the fourteenth century A. D., were the ancestors of the Mysore Royal Family. The actual founder of the dynasty was Chamaraj Wodiar, who established a kingdom at Shrirangpattan, which was originally a part of the famous Vijayanagar Raj. Raj Wodiar, a later king, was a man of great ability. He largely extended his dominions, accepted the Vaishnava faith .and died in 1617 A.D. leaving a great reputation behind him. The next Raja Chamaraj ruled for twenty years and was succeeded by Imali Raj who was poisoned by his ambitious minister. Kantidev Raj was the next ruler. He was. as brave a soldier as any of his time; And he largely extended his dominions together with the prestige of the Wodiar family. He was succeeded by Dodda Dev Raj who died in 1672 A.D., just when Shiwaji, the great Mahratta King, had carved out a kingdom for himself in the North and the French were struggling to get a foot-hold in the South. Chika Dev Raj now came to the throne and devoted himself to the task of reforming the administration of his State. He is said to have anticipated the English in establishing regular post offices in the South. He subdued some of the southern rebellious chiefs into vassalage. His ethics, however, was not in keeping with his administrative ability and it is alleged that he was often guilty of treachery and cruelty.

Towards the close of the 17th century A.D. the Mysore rulers sided with the Moguls and first came in direct collision with the Mahrattas by conquering parts of their territories. For this indirect aid the Ruler of Mysore received from the Emperor of Delhi titles and privileges, and the whilom Zamindars became Kings of Mysore.

The power and prestige of the royal family of Mysore, however,, was not maintained after the death of Chika Dev Raj. It was in the time of the minister Nanjaraj, about the year 1750 A.D., that Hyder Alii rose to fame by taking advantage of a family quarrel in the royal house of Mysore. Hyder used to the best advantage his modest position in the State and succeeded in his schemes of driving away from the capital the ruling Wodiar prince. By the year 1760 A.D. Hyder Ali became the de-facto ruler of Mysore. The English formed an alliance with him in 1763 A.D. in the interests of British commerce. Hyder on his part successfully formed alliances first with the Mahrattas and then with the Nizam one after another, but he had soon to fight with all the three powers. In 1771 A.D. the Mahrattas completely defeated him and destroyed his army but he succeeded in maintaining his ground and regained his reputation by carrying on a successful war against the English. He died in 1782 A.D. and was succeeded by his son Tipu who was, if anything, braver and more valiant than his father. In 1786 A.D. the Peshwa and the Nizam entered into a league against Tipu who had to purchase a peace with them by the payment of a large indemnity. From 1791 to 1799 A.D. Tipu was practically engaged in fighting with the English assisted by the Nizam and the Mahrattas. On the 4th of May 1799 A.D. the battle of Shrirangpattan ended in a complete victory of the arms of the besiegers and in the death of the "Lion of Mysore."


text:
Page:The Imperial Durbar Album of the Indian princes, chiefs and zamindars.djvu/28

10 During these years the descendant of the ancient Hindu King of Mysore was living in poverty, almost as a prisoner, in an humble cottage. He was a mere child five years of age. The English brought him out, on Tipu's death, and placed him on the Gadi of Mysore under certain conditions. Purnaiya, the famous statesman, was appointed prime Minister; and during the short space of ten years Mysore was again converted by this Bramhan Minister into a prosperous State. In 1812 A.D. he resigned his office owing to a disagreement with the young chief who had gained full powers of administration. He mismanaged the State. Things went from bad to worse. In 1825 A.D. the Madras Government appointed special officers of justice in the State and hoped the Raja would improve but to no purpose; ultimately, in October 1831 A.D. the Raja was made to peaceably surrender the reins, of Govrnment to the British Commissioners. He was allowed to remain in the metropolis and a decent annual pension was settled upon him. The pensioned Prince died in 1868 A.D., but had previously adopted a boy named Chamarajendra to continue the Wodiar line. After some deliberation this boy was recognised and crowned king of Mysore at the age of six. In 1881 A.D. a welcome arrangement was again made. The young Prince on attaining majority was invested with full powers in the State and, this is called "the rendition of Mysore." Maharaja Chamarajendra was an efficient and popular ruler but was unfortunately cut off in the very prime of his life in 1894 A.D. His son Maharaja Krishnaraj Wodiar, then a boy of eleven, was installed on the throne in 1895 A.D. with his mother as Regent; and during his minority the State was wisely managed by the famous statesman Sir K. Sheshadri Ayer.

His Highness the Maharaja is the head of the State, and the Diwan, assisted by a Council of two members, carries on the administration in the name of the Maharaja at Banglore which is the capital for ministerial purposes. A legislative Department has been created, and it is responsible for all legislative work, since there is no legislative Council as such. The Mysore Representative Assembly meets once a year on the Dasara day, when the Prime Minister reviews the administration of the year in a written address, after which, suggestions made by individual members of the Assembly are taken into consideration. The finances of the State are prosperous, partly owing to the royalty paid by the licensees of the gold' fields. Local Boards and Municipalities exist in Mysore as in British territory; the revenue of the District Boards amounting to nearly six lacs and that of the Municipalities to nearly six lacs and fifty thousand rupees.

The army of Mysore numbers about 5,000, of which two thousand are British and three thousand native Troops. It has a cavalry and an infantry brigade, as well as artillery. Education has been kept at a medium level; special attention, however, being paid to female education. The total expenditure on education in the State amounts nearly to nine lacs and fifty thouasnd rupees.

Mysore is one of the larger .States in the Indian Peninsula proper, having an area of 29,430 square miles, a population of about sixty lacs, and a revenue of nearly two crores of rupees. It contains some of the richest and most profitable mines, in India.

The present ruler H. H. Maharaja Krishnaraj Wodiar Bahadur, G. C. S. I. was invested with full powers in 1902 A.D. He is entitled to a salute of 21 guns.


text:
Page:General Investigations of Curved Surfaces, by Carl Friedrich Gauss, translated into English by Adam Miller Hiltebeitel and James Caddall Morehead.djvu/20

 Denoting the angles of this triangle simply by $L,$  $L',$  $L$ and the perpendicular drawn on the sphere from the point $L$  to the side $LL'$  by $p,$  we shall have

$$\sin p = \sin L. \sin LL'' = \sin L'. \sin L' L'',$$

and

$$\lambda L'' = 90^{\circ} \mp p,$$

the upper sign being taken for the second case, the lower for the third. From this it follows that

$$\begin{aligned} \pm\Delta &= \sin L. \sin LL'. \sin LL'' = \sin L'. \sin LL'. \sin L'L'' \\ &= \sin L''. \sin LL''. \sin L'L'' \end{aligned}$$

Moreover, it is evident that the first case can be regarded as contained in the second or third, and it is easily seen that the expression $\pm\Delta$ represents six times the volume of the pyramid formed by the points $L,$  $L',$  $L''$  and the centre of the sphere. Whence, finally, it is clear that the expression $\pm\frac{1}{6}\Delta$ expresses generally the volume of any pyramid contained between the origin of coordinates and the three points whose coordinates are $x,$  $y,$  $z;$  $x',$  $y',$  $z';$  $x,$  $y,$  $z''.$

3.

A curved surface is said to possess continuous curvature at one of its points $A,$ if the directions of all the straight lines drawn from $A$  to points of the surface at an infinitely small distance from $A$  are deflected infinitely little from one and the same plane passing through $A.$  This plane is said to touch the surface at the point $A.$  If this condition is not satisfied for any point, the continuity of the curvature is here interrupted, as happens, for example, at the vertex of a cone. The following investigations will be restricted to such surfaces, or to such parts of surfaces, as have the continuity of their curvature nowhere interrupted. We shall only observe now that the methods used to determine the position of the tangent plane lose their meaning at singular points, in which the continuity of the curvature is interrupted, and must lead to indeterminate solutions.

4.

The orientation of the tangent plane is most conveniently studied by means of the direction of the straight line normal to the plane at the point $A,$ which is also called the normal to the curved surface at the point $A.$  We shall represent the direction of this normal by the point $L$  on the auxiliary sphere, and we shall set

$$\cos (1)L = X,\quad \cos (2)L = Y,\quad \cos (3)L = Z;$$

and denote the coordinates of the point $A$ by $x,$  $y,$  $z.$  Also let $x + dx,$  $y + dy,$  $z + dz$  be the coordinates of another point $A'$  on the curved surface; $ds$  its distance from $A,$


text: Adam's Reports on Vernacular Education in Bengal and Behar/Report 3/Chapter 1/Section 1


text:
Page:The Imperial Durbar Album of the Indian princes, chiefs and zamindars.djvu/29

BHOPAL is an important Mahomedan State in Central India next in importance to The southern State of Hyderabad physically as well as politically. The Bhopal dynasty was founded by Dost Mahamad an Afgan who came to Delhi in 1708 A.D. in quest of employment. In 1709 A.D. he obtained a lease of the Berasia district; while in charge of it he took advantage of the revolution which followed the death of the Mogul Emperor Bahadur Shah, and established his own independent authority in Bhopal and the adjoining, country.

Dost Mahamad died in 1704 A.D. and was succeeded by his younger but legitimate son Mahamad Khan who, however, was soon ousted by the elder but illegitimate son Yar Mahamad with the help of the Nizam of Hyderabad. Yar Mahamad had three sons—Faiz Mahamad, Yaseen Mahamad, and Hayat Mahamad of whom the first succeeded to the throne after the demise of the father in 1754 A.D. After an almost uneventful reign he died childless in 1777 A.D. and was succeeded by his brother Hayat Mahamad who was as weak a ruler as his predecessor.

During the time of Hayat Mahamad, i. e. during the latter part of the 18th century, Bhopal was a scene of internecine feuds and was, in consequence of the ruler's imbecility, invaded by the Mahrattas and overrun by marauding hoards of Pendharees. Although Hayad Mahamad was the de-jure ruler of the State till 1807 A.D. the actual control was in the hands of Mamullah, the widow of Yar Mahamad, who was a lady of remarkable power and ability, and ranks with her contemporary Ahilyabai of Indore. She was assisted by her son Ghaus Mahamad. Both of them selected Murid Mahamad Khan as their minister. He was thoroughly unprincipled and had ho sense of justice or mercy in him. His administration not only disgusted the nobles and the subjects of Bhopal but brought the State to the verge of destruction and bankruptcy. He was seized by the Sindhia of Gwalior for not keeping his word with him and taken away prisoner. At this critical period in Bhopal there appeared on the scene Wazir Mahamad Khan, a relative of the ruling family, who assumed the direction of affairs and by his judicious and firm policy retrieved the fallen fortunes of the State. Moreover, he reconquered most of the districts which had been seized by the Mahrattas. His power and abilities roused the jealousy of Ghaus Khan who intrigued with the Pendharee leader Karim, the Sindhia of Gwalior, and the Bhonsle of Nagpur. Wazir Mahamad who was imbued with a genuine spirit of patriotism struggled on, patiently but silently with a singleness of purpose and heedless of all intrigues against him, till the day of his death in 1816 A.D. He was a man of remarkable character, gifted with unrivalled valour and a stern determination of purpose; besides, he possessed such pleasing and fascinating manners that he inspired respect and confidence in the hearts alike of his friends as well as of his foes.

Wazir Khan was succeeded by his second son Nazar Mahamad who married Khudisa Begum daughter of Ghaus Mahamad. In 1817 A.D. the British Government formed an alliance with Nawab Nazar Mahamad to put down the Pendharees. He met his death from an accidental discharge of a pistol-shot. He left an only infant daughter Sikandar Begum. It was arranged during his lifetime that he should be succeeded


text:
Page:The Black Moth.pdf/29

 ingenuously, “I relieved him of his cash-box and two hundred guineas. A present for the poor of Lewes.”

Jim jerked his shoulder, frowning.

“If ye give away all ye get, sir, why do ye rob at all?” he asked bluntly.

His whimsical little smile played about my lord’s mouth.

Tis an object for my life, Jim: a noble object. And I believe it amuses me to play Robin Hood—take from the rich to give to the poor,” he added, for Salter’s benefit. “But to return to my victims—you would have laughed had you but seen my little man come tumbling out of the coach when I opened the door!”

“Tumble, sir? Why should he do that?”

“He was at pains to explain the reason. It seems he had been commanded to hold the door to prevent my entering—so when I jerked it open, sooner than loose his hold, he fell out on to the road. Of course, I apologised most abjectly—and we had some conversation. Quite a nice little man. … It made me laugh to see him sprawling on the road, though!”

“Wish I could have seen it, your honour. I would ha’ liked fine to ha’ been beside ye.” He looked down at the lithe form with some pride. “I’d give something to see ye hold up a coach, sir!”

Haresfoot in hand, Jack met his admiring eyes in the glass, and laughed.

“I make no doubt you would … I have cultivated a superb voice, a trifle thick and beery, a little loud, perhaps—ah, something to dream of o’ nights! I doubt they do, too,” he added reflectively, and affixed the patch at the corner of his mouth.

“So? A little low, you think? But ’twill suffice What’s toward?”

Down below in the street there was a great stirring and bustling: horses’ hoofs, shouts from the ostlers, and the sound of wheels on the cobble-stones. Jim

title: Page:The Black Moth.pdf/29


text: Adam's Reports on Vernacular Education in Bengal and Behar/Report 3/Chapter 1/Section 2


text:
Page:The Imperial Durbar Album of the Indian princes, chiefs and zamindars.djvu/31

Rh by his nephew Munir Mahamad who was to marry Sikandar Begum. In 1827 A.D. however, Munir Mahamad resigned his claim to the State and to the hand of Sikandar in favour of his brother Jahangir; himself accepting a jahagir guaranteed by the British Government. Peace was destroyed by the ambition of Khudisa Begum. She tried to postpone the marriage of her daughter with Jahangir Mahamad with a view to retain power in her own hands. The marriage, however, had to be celebrated in April 1835 A.D. Dissensions continued; Khudisa Begum and Sikandar Begum each strove after power, and at times, both coalesced to. keep out the Nawab. In 1836 A.D. he too, devised a plot to seize the Begum, but it proved abortive having come to light before it had been executed. In 1837 A.D. the Nawab was restored to power, and Khudisa Begum retired on. a life-pension of five lacs of Rupees (Bhopal currency). Nawab Jahangir died in 1844 A.D. and was succeeded by his daughter Shah Jahan Begum with Sikandar Begum as Regent, who virtually continued to rule the State till her death in 1868 A.D. Sikandar Begum was a sagacious and far-seeing lady. During the Mutiny of 1857 A.D. she rendered great help to the British Government, which was recognized by the re-transference of the district of Berasia in 1860 A.D. to the Bhopal State, and by the award of G. C. S. I. as a mark of personal distinction to the Begum in 1861 A.D. Next year a sanad was granted by the Paramount Power recognizing the succession to the Bhopal musnad in accordance with Mahomedan law. After the death of Sikandar Begum, her daughter Shah Jahan Begum, was duly installed as the Ruling Chief, and her daughter Sultanah Jahan was recognized as her heir and succeessor. She died in 1901 A.D. and was succeeded by Sultanah Jahan, the present ruler, who, with the help of her eldest son, Nawab Mahamad Nasrulla Khan, personally supervises the administration of the State with tact and moderation in all its branches. Like her mother the present Begum Saheb is thoroughly practical and business-like. Her actions are marked with an earnestness to improve the State and to make her subjects happy and prosperous.

Bhopal has a special, interest to the archaeologist on account of the Sanchi stupa and its splendid monolithic railing erected in the third century B. C.

The approximate extent of the State is 7,000, square; miles with a total population of 6,65,900 souls, and an average normal revenue of 25 lacs of Rupees. The total strength of the State army is 1,744 men and a regiment of Imperial service cavalry.

The present ruler, as said above, is Her Highness Nawab Sultanah Jahan Begum G. C. S. I., G. C. I. E., who is entitled to a salute of 21 guns in Bhopal territory and 19 guns outside Bhopal limits.


text:
Page:The Imperial Durbar Album of the Indian princes, chiefs and zamindars.djvu/33

GWALIOR is the first and foremost State' in Central India, and derives its name from an old dilapidated city which has never been its capital. But its fort has such a remarkably unique strategic position, that it has been styled "the pearl in the necklace of the castles of Hind" by the author of the. " Taj-ul-Maasir." It has figured in ancient history and probably existed long before the 6th century A.D. From an inscription dated 786 A.D. found in the fort of Gwalior, it appears to have been in the hands of Raja Bhoj of Kanauj. For nearly seven centuries it was in the hands of the Mahommedans, the Tunwar Rajputs, and the Moguls.' In the middle of the 18th century A.D. it came into the possession of the Sindhia family from the Rana of Gohad. The founder of this family was Rahoji Sindhia, whose ancestors were the hereditary Patels of Kanherkhed, a small village near- Satara. He journeyed from his village to Poona and managed to get into the* .service of the Peshwa, Baji Rao I. In 1736 A.D. he accompanied his master to Delhi. The Peshwa's camp at Delhi was attacked by Muzaffar Khan at the head of a body of 8,000 horse. It was Ranoji Sindhia who, together with Mulhar Rao Holkar, defeated the invaders and beat them back. Now Ranoji permanently fixed his headquarters at Ujjain. At the time of his death in 1745 A.D., nearly half the province of Malwa was in his t possession, and he had an income of about 65 lacs of rupees. His eldest sort Jayappa, who succeeded him, was killed in the battle of Nagor (1759 A.D.) He was followed by his son Jankoji who was taken prisoner at the battle of Panipat (1761 A.D.) and put to death, when Mahadji,, son of Ranoji and uncle of Jankoji, ascended the gadi with the sanction of the Peshwa.

Mahadji returned from Poona to Malwa in 1764 A.D., and firmly established his power in the districts to the north of the Nerbuda. Madhao Rao Peshwa died in 1772 A.D., and in the struggles that ensued Mahadji seized, every opportunity to increase his possessions and to establish his influence. It was in connection with Raghoba Dada's action of throwing himself on the protection of the English in 1775 A.D., that Mahadji came into direct collision with the British. It was through his superior management and tactics that the 'Convention of Wadgaon' had to be signed in 1779 A.D. Hitherto the English acted as mere helpers to Raghoba Dada; but now they had to come forward as chief actors; and the repeated reverses which the Sindhia met at their hands convinced him that this new power was more than ordinary. In 1782 A.D. the treaty of Salbai was concluded between him and the English, which made the British the arbiters of peace in India, at the same time, recognising the Sindhia as an independent chief and appointing a British Resident to his court. Mahadji Sindhia took full advantage of the position of affairs to establish his supremacy in Northern India.

In 1769 A.D. Madhao Rao Peshwa sent out an expedition under the leadership of Visaji Krishna to crush the Rohillas and the Nawab of Oudh. The invading army marched on into Rajputana and encamped near Deeg. The Rohillas sued for peace, and the terms were accepted by the Peshwa much to the disappointment of Mahadji Sindhia. The Mahrattas at this time opened negotiations with Shah Alum, the Emperor of Delhi, whom they reinstated on his ancestral throne in 1771 A.D. About this time


text:
Page:The Imperial Durbar Album of the Indian princes, chiefs and zamindars.djvu/34

16 the Rohillas under Zabita Khan began to molest the Mahrattas, in spite of the treaty that had been formed. Mahadji Sindhia was not the man to allow this. He at once marched against them. The Rohillas sought the aid of the Nawab Vazier of Oudh who mediated between the invaders and the invaded, and gained a peace for the latter on payment of 40 lacs of Rupees as war-expenses. The Mahrattas were elated and their arrogance had offended Shah Alum. He decided to get rid of them at any sacrifice. A battle took place in which the Mahrattas were victorious. About this time Madhao Rao Peshwa was dead and there was confusion at the Poona Court. Najeeb Khan, the veteran general of the Emperor, too was dead. Anarchy reigned at Delhi, and the keen-witted Mahadji took advantage of the opportunity, and at once set out for Agra to look into the affairs of the Emperor and see what he could gain there. On the way he learnt that Afrasiab Khan, the Emperor's minister, had been assassinated. Mahadji stepped into Afrasiab's place, undertook to be the protector of the Emperor, and obtained from him the title of Wakeel-i-Mutalik for, the Peshwa. Some time after Gulam Kadir, a Rohilla, dethroned the Mogul Emperor, put out his eyes and seized Delhi. The Sindhia marched promptly against him, defeated him, and firmly established his position as the only native power in Hindustan and the most important factor in the Mahratta confederacy. All these brilliant successes brought with them their evils. It aroused the jealousy of the Holkar, and of Nana, Fadnavis at Poona. But Mahadji was not unaware of this. Under the specious pretext of laying the grant of the sanad of Wakeel-i-Mutalik at the feet of his master, the Sindhia journeyed to Poona taking all his army with him, and carried out the investiture of the Peshwa with the insignia, in a grandeur quite unprecedented. This so mightily pleased the young Peshwa, that he was at the time in a mood to listen to any thing that the Sindhia might propose, and it is likely, the current of events might have been quite different, had Mahadji lived longer; but he suddenly died at Wanowri in 1794 A.D.

Mahadji left no heir. He was succeeded by Daulat Rao, a grandson of his brother Tukoji. The death of the Peshwa Madhao Rao II in 1795 A.D., the intrigues at the court of Poona, the death of Tukoji Rao, and the rise of the turbulent Yashawant Rao Holkar threw the whole country into utter confusion. Daulat Rao's arrogant conduct alienated from him the members of the Mahratta confederacy. Yashawant Rao Holkar attacked Ujjain and extorted a large sum from its inhabitants. Thus the Holkar and the Sindhia were now enemies, ready to take advantage of every opportunity for their own aggrandizement.

The Peshwa signed the Treaty of Bassein in 1802 A.D. under which the British were recognised as the Paramount Power in India; and they directed their attention to the affairs of Central India. After a series of victories on the battle-field they succeeded in getting the Sindhia to sign the Treaty of Sarje Anjangaon in 1803 A.D., and soon after, the Treaty of Barhanpur, whereby his aggressive policy was permanently checked. In 1816 A.D., Daulat Rao was called upon by the British to co-operate in the suppression of the Pendharees. By the Treaty of Gwalior, which he signed in 1817 A.D. he promised full co-operation and assistance.

Daulat Rao died in 1827 A.D. leaving no lineal or adopted heir. His widow, the famous Baizabai adopted a boy who was installed on the gadi as Jankoji Rao. He died in 1843 A.D. His widow, Tarabai, adopted a kinsman who. succeeded Jankoji under the name of Jayaji Rao Sindhia. During his minority there were a series of complicated political intrigues in the court. The British Government interfered and kept the State under a Council of Regency.


text: Adam's Reports on Vernacular Education in Bengal and Behar/Report 3/Chapter 1/Section 3


text:
Page:The Imperial Durbar Album of the Indian princes, chiefs and zamindars.djvu/35

Rh The Maharaja attained majority and assumed the administration of his dominions in 1853 A.D. Dinkar Rao (afterwards Rao Raja Sir Dinkar Rao Mushir-i-Khas Bahadur K.C.S.I.,), one of the ablest of Indian statesmen, became the Maharaja's prime minister. During the Mutiny, the Maharaja remained true to the British Government, and rendered very valuable assistance. His loyalty was recognised in 1860 A.D. by the Paramount Power, by a restoration of lands yielding a revenue of three lacs of Rupees, a permission to increase his army, and a sanad guaranteeing adoption. He was created a G.C.S.I, in 1861 A.D., a G.C.B. and C.I.E. and subsequently made a Counsellor of the Empress. Jayaji Rao possessed all the traits of a soldier-prince, being frank, genial, and rigorously impartial. He died in 1886 A.D. and was succeeded by his son, Madhao Rao, who was installed on the gadi by Sir Lepel Griffin K.C.S.I., the then Agent to the Governor-General in Central India. After a careful education and training in administrative work, the young Maharaja was invested with full ruling powers in 1894 A.D. MaHaraja Madhao Rao's zeal to bring the administrative machinery of the State to a high degree of efficiency and promote the welfare of his subjects, has been publicly eulogised in high terms of praise by H. E. Lord Curzon, ex- Viceroy and Governor-GeneraL of India. The Maharaja inherits the military instincts of his father, and has kept his army up to a standard of efficiency, which has been testified to by veteran soldiers like Sir George White and Sir Plowden Palmer.

Maharaja Madhao Rao's earnestness to render all possible help to the Paramount Power has been evinced on several occasions, arid it has been appreciated in most gratifying terms, both here as well as in England.

The Gwalior State contains numerous ancient remains of historic interest round Bhilsa and Udayagiri, and of Budhist Vihars at Bagh. Remains of medieval Hindu and Jain architecture, as also ruins of Mahommedan architecture, are found in several places.

The total area of the State is 25,000 square miles formed of several detached portions. Its population is 29,33,000 with a revenue of 150 lacs of Rupees excluding about 10 lacs- assigned in jahagirs subordinate to the State.

The full name of the present Ruler of Gwalior is Major-General His Highness Maharaja Sir Madhao Rao Sindhia, Alijah Bahadur, G.C.S.I., G.C.V.O., A.D.C., L.L.D. He is entitled to a salute of 19 guns.


text:
Page:The Imperial Durbar Album of the Indian princes, chiefs and zamindars.djvu/37

THE founder of the house of Indore Was the celebrated Mulhar Rao Holkar who lived in days when martial spirit and bravery were the essential requisites to gain eminence. Naturally endowed with these, Mulhar Rao, though the son of an ordinary peasant, rapidly attained a position which has made his name famous in Indian history. The original surname of the family was 'Virkar'. This was supplanted by the present one, which is apparently derived from the name of the village of Hol, the birth-place of Mulhar Rao, situated on the river Neera, in the Deccan. He was only five years of age at the time of the death of his father Khundoji, which took place in 1694 A.D. His mother took the boy to Khandesh to her brother Narayanrao, who was a shilledar under Kadam Bandes. Through the influence of his maternal uncle, young Mulhari was enrolled among the troopers of Bandes. The youth's indomitable courage and military bearing brought him to the notice of the Peshwa, Baji Rao I, who took him in service in 1724 A.D. and put hint at the head of a body of 500 horse. Within the short space of seven years, Mulhari of Hol, who was now called Mulhar Rao, had acquired a large estate in Central India, by conquest and was managing it on his own account. The Peshwa had great confidence in the loyalty, wisdom, and courage of Mulhar Rao; hence, he entrusted to him the task of watching Mahratta interests in Malwa, and conferred upon him the title of 'Subhedar of Malwa.' Later on, Mulhar Rao was employed against the Nizam, the Portuguese, and the Rohilas, whom he, successfully brought to terms.

At the disastrous battle of Paniput in 1761 A.D. the Mahratta Confederacy suffered a signal defeat; and from here Mulhar Rao cautiously retreated and set himself to consolidate his possessions. He died at Alampur in 1766 A.D. His only son Khunde Rao had been killed before him at the siege of Kumbheri in 1754 A.D. and the latter's son, Malerao, succeeded Mulhar Rao, but died a raving madman in 1767 A.D. His mother Ahilyahai declined to adopt an heir, but took upon herself the management of the State, retaining its civil administration in her own hands, and entrusting the organisation and supervision of the military to Tukoji Rao, a distant kinsman of hers, who was a genuine soldier of great promise.

Ahilyabai discharged her onerous duties with such tact, and such strictness tempered with justice, that her regime is not only looked upon to this day among the Indore subjects with admiration, but has elicited encomiums from historians both Indian as well as foreign. She managed the Indore State for thirty years. During this time there was uninterrupted peace and prosperity among the people.

Ahilyabai died in 1795 A.D. and was succeeded by Tukoji Rao, who was already an old man of seventy, and naturally respected as the leading Mahratta Chief. He died in 1797 A.D. and after him there was all confusion. He left two legitimate and two illegitimate sons. Mulhar Rao, one of the former, put himself under the aegis of Nana Fadnavis. His brother sought the support of the Sindhia. The two brothers struggled on; while Yashawant Rao, the elder of the illegitimate sons, managed to seize the State, successfully removing his antagonists in one way or the other and, in 1809 A.D. Yashawant Rao became the head of the house of Holkar. He died in 1811 A.D.


text:
Page:The Imperial Durbar Album of the Indian princes, chiefs and zamindars.djvu/38

20 and was succeeded by his son Mulhar Rao He was both an extravagant and weak ruler, and the State was practically in the hands of Tulsibai, the mistress of Yashawant Rao. There was hardly any system of government worth the name and the populace was so disgusted that Tulsibai was seized and murdered by the soldiery. Mulhar Rao continued on the gadi in not an enviable position. On the breaking out of the war in 1817 A. D. between the British and the Peshwa, the Holkar assumed a hostile attitude. He was defeated by the British at Mehidpur, and had to sign the treaty of Mandesar, which, even to this day, forms the basis of the relations between the Holkar and the British Government. Mulhar Rao died in 1833 A. D. After a series of struggles between claimants and aspirants to the gadi of Indore, Tukoji Rao II was installed on the throne in 1844 A.D. at the recommendation of Kesar Bai, widow of Yashawant Rao, and with the support of the British Government. Tukoji Rao received a thorough practical training and was granted full powers in 1852 A.D. In the Mutiny of 1857 A.D., .Tukoji Rao rendered every possible assistance to the British authorities, and at great risk, protected several Europeans in his own palace, from the fury of the Mutineers. In the year 1877 A.D., 360 square miles of territory was made over to the Holkar to commemorate the assumption, by Her Majesty Queen Victoria, of the title of Empress of India. Several exchanges of territory between the English and the Holkar were effected between the years 1861 and 1868 with a view to make the Indore State more compact.

Tukoji Rao was made a G. C. S. I. in 1861 A. D., and at the Delhi Assemblage in 1877 A.D. he was made a Counsellor of the Empress and a C. I. E. He died in 1886 A.D. and was succeeded by his eldest son Shiwaji Rao. On his accession Shiwaji Rao abolished all transit duties in the State. He visited England in 1887 A.D. on the occasion of the Jubilee of H. M. Queen'Empress Victoria, and also attended the Coronation Durbar at Delhi in 1903 A.D. In the same year, he abdicated in favour of his son Tukoji Rao Balasaheb, the present Maharaja, who is styled as Tukoji Rao III. As he is yet a minor, the management of the State has been in the hands of a Council of Regency, under the ultimate administrative control of the Resident.

The formation of an army on European model was undertaken in 1792 A.D. during the regime of Ahilyabai, when Chevalier Dudrenec, a Frenchman known to the natives as Huzur Beg, was entertained in service to organise regular battalions, and train them on the western style. Mulhar Rao's army consisted of 10,000 infantry, 15,000 horse, and 100 field-guns, but it was largely cut down under the Treaty of Mandesar. The strength of the State army at present is 748 infantry, 800 cavalry, and 210 artillery men with a bullock'train consisting of 18 serviceable guns.

The area of the State is 9,500 square miles with a population of 8,50,700 and a revenue of about 54 lacs of Rupees.

The ruler of Indore, who is one of the Treaty Chiefs of Central India, has the titles: His Highness and Maharaja'dhiraj Raj Rajeshwar Sawai Bahadur, and receives a salute of 19 guns, or 21 guns within the limits of his own dominions.


text:
Page:The Black Moth.pdf/30

 went to the window and looked down, craning his neck to see over the balcony.

Tis a coach arrived, sir.”

“That much had I gathered,” replied my lord, busy with the powder.

“Yes, sir. O lord, sir!” He was shaken with laughter.

“What now?”

Tis the curiousest sight, sir! Two gentlemen, one fat and t’other small! One’s all shrivelled-looking, like a spider, while t’other”

“Resembles a hippopotamus—particularly in the face?”

“Well yes, sir. He do rather. And he be wearing purple.”

“Heavens, yes! Purple, and an orange waistcoat!”

Jim peered afresh.

“So it is, sir! But how did ye know?” Even as he put the question, understanding flashed into Jim’s eyes.

“I rather think that I have had the honour of meeting these gentlemen,” replied my lord placidly. “My buckle, Jim… Is’t a prodigious great coach with wheels picked out in yellow?”

"Ay, your honour. The gentlemen seem a bit put out, too.”

“That is quite probable. Does the smaller gentleman wear somewhat—ah—muddied garments?”

“I can’t see, sir; he stands behind the fat gentleman.”

“Mr. Bumble Bee. … Jim!”

“Sir!” Jim turned quickly at the sound of the sharp voice.

He found that my lord had risen, and was holding up a waistcoat of pea-green pattern on a bilious yellow ground, between a disgusted finger and thumb. Before his severe frown Jim dropped his eyes and stood looking for all the world like a schoolboy detected in some crime.

title: Page:The Black Moth.pdf/30


text: Works of Jules Verne/A Trip to the Center of the Earth/Chapter 4


text: Adam's Reports on Vernacular Education in Bengal and Behar/Report 3/Chapter 1/Section 4


text: Works of Jules Verne/A Trip to the Center of the Earth/Chapter 5


text: Works of Jules Verne/A Trip to the Center of the Earth/Chapter 6


text: Works of Jules Verne/A Trip to the Center of the Earth/Chapter 7


text: Works of Jules Verne/A Trip to the Center of the Earth/Chapter 8


text: Works of Jules Verne/A Trip to the Center of the Earth/Chapter 9


text: Works of Jules Verne/A Trip to the Center of the Earth/Chapter 10


text: Works of Jules Verne/A Trip to the Center of the Earth/Chapter 11


text: Works of Jules Verne/A Trip to the Center of the Earth/Chapter 12


text:
Page:General Investigations of Curved Surfaces, by Carl Friedrich Gauss, translated into English by Adam Miller Hiltebeitel and James Caddall Morehead.djvu/21

 which is infinitely small; and finally, let $\lambda$ be the point on the sphere representing the direction of the element $AA'.$  Then we shall have

$$dx = ds. \cos (1)\lambda,\quad dy = ds. \cos (2)\lambda,\quad dz = ds. \cos (3)\lambda$$

and, since $\lambda L$  must be equal to $90^{\circ},$

$$X\cos (1)\lambda + Y\cos (2)\lambda + Z\cos (3)\lambda = 0$$

By combining these equations we obtain

$$X\, dx + Y\, dy + Z\, dz = 0.$$

There are two general methods for defining the nature of a curved surface. The first uses the equation between the coordinates $x,$  $y,$  $z,$ which we may suppose reduced to the form $W=0,$  where $W$  will be a function of the indeterminates $x,$  $y,$  $z.$  Let the complete differential of the function $W$  be

$$dW = P\, dx + Q\, dy + R\, dz$$

and on the curved surface we shall have

$$P\, dx + Q\, dy + R\, dz = 0$$

and consequently,

$$P \cos (1)\lambda + Q \cos (2)\lambda + R \cos (3)\lambda = 0$$

Since this equation, as well as the one we have established above, must be true for the directions of all elements $ds$ on the curved surface, we easily see that $X,$  $Y,$  $Z$  must be proportional to $P,$  $Q,$  $R$  respectively, and consequently, since

$$X^{2} + Y^{2} + Z^{2} = 1,$$

we shall have either

$$\begin{aligned} X &= \frac{P}{\sqrt{P^{2} + Q^{2} + R^{2}}}, & Y &= \frac{Q}{\sqrt{P^{2} + Q^{2} + R^{2}}}, & Z &= \frac{R}{\sqrt{P^{2} + Q^{2} + R^{2}}} \end{aligned}$$

or

$$\begin{aligned} X &= \frac{-P}{\sqrt{P^{2} + Q^{2} + R^{2}}}, & Y &= \frac{-Q}{\sqrt{P^{2} + Q^{2} + R^{2}}}, & Z &= \frac{-R}{\sqrt{P^{2} + Q^{2} + R^{2}}} \end{aligned}$$

The second method expresses the coordinates in the form of functions of two variables, $p,$  $q.$ Suppose that differentiation of these functions gives

$$\begin{alignedat}{2} dx &= a\, dp &&+ a'\, dq \\ dy &= b\, dp &&+ b'\, dq \\ dz &= c\, dp &&+ c'\, dq \end{alignedat}$$


text: Adam's Reports on Vernacular Education in Bengal and Behar/Report 3/Chapter 1/Section 5


text:
Page:The Black Moth.pdf/31

 “You put this—this monstrosity—out for me to wear?” in awful tones.

Jim eyed the waistcoat gloomily and nodded.

“Yes, sir.”

“Did I not specify cream ground?”

“Yes, sir. I thought—I thought that ’twas cream!”

“My good friend, it is—it is—I cannot say what it is. And pea-green!” he shuddered. “Remove it.”

Jim hurried forward and disposed of the offending garment.

“And bring me the broidered satin. Yes, that is it. It is particularly pleasing to the eye.”

“Yes, sir,” agreed the abashed Jim.

“You are excused this time,” added my lord, with a twinkle in his eye. “What are our two friends doing?”

Salter went back to the window.

“They’ve gone into the house, sir. No, here’s the spider gentleman! He do seem in a hurry, your honour!”

“Ah!” murmured his lordship. “You may assist me into this coat. Thanks.”

With no little difficulty, my lord managed to enter into the fine satin garment, which, when on, seemed moulded to his back, so excellently did it fit. He shook out his ruffles and slipped the emerald ring on to his finger with a slight frown.

“I believe I shall remain here some few days,” he remarked presently. “To—ah—allay suspicion.” He looked across at his man as he spoke, through his lashes.

It was not in Jim’s nature to inquire into his master’s affairs, much less to be surprised at anything he might do or say. He was content to receive and promptly execute his orders, and to worship Carstares with a dog-like devotion, following blindly in his wake, happy as long as he might serve him.

Carstares had found him in France, very down upon his luck, having been discharged from the service of

title: Page:The Black Moth.pdf/31


text:
Page:Peter Pan (1928).pdf/56

16 as if the window were open. I looked round and I saw that boy—in the room.

. In the room?

. I screamed. Just then Nana came back and she at once sprang at him. The boy leapt for the window. She pulled down the sash quickly, but was too late to catch him.

(who knows he would not have been too late). I thought so!

. Wait. The boy escaped, but his shadow had not time to get out; down came the window and cut it clean off.

(heavily). Mary, Mary, why didn’t you keep that shadow?

(scoring). I did. I rolled it up, George; and here it is.

(She produces it from a drawer. They unroll and examine the flimsy thing, which is not more material than a puff of smoke, and if let go would probably float into the ceiling without discolouring it. Yet it has human shape. As they nod their heads over it they present the most satisfying picture on earth,

title: Page:Peter Pan (1928).pdf/56


text:
Page:Elementary Color (IA gri c00033125012656167).djvu/32

 comparison of the opinions of many experts in various localities and at different times. This cannot occur without some means for recording these opinions in generally accepted terms. It is too late for any individual opinion to be accepted as authority regarding the relative values of two different harmonies in color and this will be still less possible as we become better educated in color and able to sense finer distinctions in color combinations.


text:
Author:Enrico Molnár

Works

 * A Study of Peter Chelčický's Life and a Translation from Czech of Part I of His Net of Faith (1947)

title: Author:Enrico Molnár


text: Adam's Reports on Vernacular Education in Bengal and Behar/Report 3/Chapter 1/Section 6


text:
Page:Works of Jules Verne - Parke - Vol 2.djvu/352

 and, far as the eye could reach, nothing was to be seen but ice-fields.

Fortunately, it was possible to get a few minutes farther north yet, by breaking the young ice with enormous rollers and petards. The great thing to be dreaded in low temperatures is a calm atmosphere, as ice forms so rapidly in the absence of wind. Even contrary winds were joyfully welcomed, but they did not continue long; a calm night came, and all was frozen.

The Forward could not winter in such a situation, however, exposed to winds and icebergs, and the currents of the channel; and Hatteras sought to get beyond Point Albert, where there was a sheltered bay which would afford a safe refuge.

But, on the 8th of September, they came to a high, impassable wall of ice, which rose between them and the north. The temperature fell to 10°, and Hatteras was almost at his wits' end. He risked his ship a hundred times in impracticable leads, and displayed prodigies of skill in extricating her again. Thoughtless and imprudent, and even blind as he was, no one could deny that he was a good sailor—indeed, one of the very ablest.

The Forward was now in a really perilous situation. All was ice behind, and ice of such thickness, that the men could run on it securely and tow the brig along.

Since there was no getting round this wall, Hatteras determined to attack it with his blasting-cylinders. It took the whole of one day to make holes in the ice of sufficient depth, but he hoped all would be ready next morning for the explosion.

However, during the night the wind began to rage furiously. The sea rose under the ice as if shaken by some submarine disturbance; and the terrified voice of the pilot was heard shouting, "Look out at the stern! Look out at the stern!"

Hatteras looked in the direction indicated, and certainly it was an alarming sight that met his gaze. An enormous iceberg, towering aloft like a mountain, was coming rushing towards the ship with the speed of an avalanche.

"All hands on deck!" sang out Hatteras.

The huge moving mass was not more than half a mile distant. On it came, tearing up the floes, crushing and


text:
Page:The Black Moth.pdf/307

 skirting woods, riding up hill and down dale, never slackening his hold on the rein, never taking his eyes off the road before him, except now and then to throw a glance to the side on the look-out for some hidden by-path. After the first hour a dull pain in his shoulder reminded him of his wound, still troublesome. He set his teeth and pressed on still faster.

The mare caught her foot on a loose stone and stumbled. His hand held her together, the muscles standing out like ribbed steel, his voice encouraged her, and he made her walk again. This time she did not fret against the restraint. He shifted the sword under his bridle hand, and passed the right down her steaming neck, crooning to her softly beneath his breath.

She answered with a low, throbbing whinny. She could not understand why he desired her to gallop on, braving unknown terrors in the dark; all she could know was that it was his wish. It seemed also that he was pleased with her. She would have cantered on again, but he made her walk for, perhaps, another five minutes, until they were come to a stretch of common he knew well. It was getting late, and he pressed her with his knee, adjuring her to do her best, and urging her to a gallop, leaning right forward, the better to pierce the darkness ahead. A gorse bush loomed before them, and Jenny shied at it, redoubling her pace.

With hand and voice he soothed her, and on they sped. He judged the time to be now about half-past eight, and knew that they must make the remaining miles in an hour. Even now the coach might have arrived, and beyond that he dared not think.

Another half-hour crept by, and he could feel the mare’s breath coming short and fast, and reined in again, this time to a canter. He was off the moor now, on a road he remembered well, and knew himself to be not ten miles from Wyncham. Five more miles as the crow flies. … He knew he must give Jenny

title: Page:The Black Moth.pdf/307


text:
Page:Peter Pan (1928).pdf/57

]

two happy parents conspiring cosily by the fire for the good of their children.)

. It is nobody I know, but he does look a scoundrel.

. I think he comes back to get his shadow, George.

(meaning that the miscreant has now a father to deal with). I dare say. (He sees himself telling the story to the other stools at the office.) There is money in this, my love. I shall take it to the British Museum to-morrow and have it priced.

(The shadow is rolled up and replaced in the drawer.)

(like a guilty person). George, I have not told you all; I am afraid to.

(who knows exactly the right moment to treat a woman as a beloved child). Cowardy, cowardy custard.

(pouting). No, I’m not.

. Oh yes, you are.

. George, I’m not.

. Then why not tell? (Thus cleverly soothed she goes on.)

title: Page:Peter Pan (1928).pdf/57


text:
Page:Works of Jules Verne - Parke - Vol 2.djvu/353

 overturning, and sweeping the packs along like grains of sand before the hurricane-blast.

"This is the worst danger that has ever threatened us yet," said Johnson to Dr. Clawbonny.

"Yes, it looks appalling enough, certainly," replied the Doctor.

"It is a regular assault, and we must prepare to meet it," said Johnson.

"I declare, one could fancy it was a whole pack of antediluvian monsters, such as might be supposed to live about the North Pole. They all seem pushing each other, and hurrying on to see which will arrive first."

"Aye, and some are armed with sharp lances, which I advise you to steer clear of, Dr. Clawbonny."

"It is going to be a regular siege," exclaimed the Doctor. "Come and let us be up on the ramparts."

Away he rushed to the stern, where all the crew were stationed with poles, and iron bars, and hand spikes, ready to repulse the formidable enemy.

The avalanche arrived, increasing in height as it came, owing to the accumulation of smaller icebergs it caught up in its train. Cannon-balls were fired, by the captain's orders, to break the threatening line of attack; but it advanced nearer and nearer, and at length dashed against the brig with a tremendous crash, breaking part of the bulwarks.

"Keep to your posts, and look out for the bergs," shouted Hatteras.

There was much need, for they were boarding the vessel with irresistible force: already packs weighing several hundredweight had scaled the sides, while the smaller ones, which had been dashed up in the onset as high as the masts, fell down in a shower of pointed arrows, breaking the shrouds and cutting the rigging. Some of the sailors were sorely wounded by these bristling barbs as they stood, pole in hand, each doing his utmost to repulse their assailants, though almost overpowered by their numbers. Among others, Bolton had his left shoulder completely ripped up. The noise was terrible, and to add to it, Duk barked his loudest with rage. The darkness of night greatly increased the horrors of the situation, without hiding from view the angry packs glistening in their dazzling whiteness.


text:
Page:Works of Jules Verne - Parke - Vol 2.djvu/354

 From time to time the voice of Hatteras was heard amid all the din and clamor of this strange, preternatural, impossible contest between men and icebergs. The brig, yielding to the enormous pressure, leaned over on her larboard till her mainmast touched the ice-fields.

Hatteras understood the danger: it was a moment of terrible anxiety, for each instant the brig might turn over completely, or her masts be torn away.

Presently an enormous mass began to rise at the side of the ship, extending right along her hull. It seemed forced upward by some irresistible power, higher and higher, till at last it was on a level with the poop. Should it fall on the Forward, all was over. It turned and stood on end, higher than the tallest mast, and tottered on its base. A cry of terror escaped all lips, and there was a general rush to the other side.

Suddenly the vessel was entirely lifted up, and for a brief space seemed to float in the air. Then she came down again and fell back on the ice, to be caught up next minute in a tremendous roller, which made her timbers shiver, and swept her right over to the other side of the insurmountable barrier, on to an ice-field, into which she sank at once by her own weight, and regained her proper element.

"We are over the icebergs!" exclaimed Johnson.

"Praise God!" said Hatteras.

But though the ice barrier was surmounted, the brig was motionless, fast locked in on all sides, and though the keel was in the water, yet unable to stir.

It was soon evident, however, that if the brig was motionless, the field was not, and Johnson called out to the captain:

"We are driving, sir."

"Well, we must just drive!" replied Hatteras.

And, indeed, what else could they do? Resistance was impossible.

The day came, and it was quite clear that, owing to the action of some submarine current, the ice-field was moving rapidly north.

To provide for any possible catastrophe, for the brig might be dashed on some coast or crushed with the pressure of the ice, Hatteras had a great quantity of provisions brought up on deck, together with the tents and all the requi-