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 HKIB Contravened DPP4(1)

DPP4(1) stipulates that all practicable steps shall be taken to ensure that any personal data held by a data user is protected against unauthorised or accidental access, processing, erasure, loss or use.

Having considered the facts of the Incident and the evidence obtained during the course of investigation, the Commissioner found that there were apparent deficiencies in risk awareness about data security and in the personal data security measures of HKIB, which led to the avoidable intrusion of the Servers and access to personal data stored therein by the hacker through exploitation of the Vulnerability:-

Inadequacies in Management of Data Security Risk: Although HKIB stated that its IT Department lacked experience in maintaining critical network infrastructure and therefore outsourced the relevant work to the Service Provider, the Commissioner considered the fact that HKIB did not stipulate any risk management mechanism for data security and did not request service providers to act in accordance with such a mechanism before the Incident reflected a lack of effective monitoring on the data security measures of its service providers. If HKIB had exercised prudence and due diligence to clearly stipulate the risk management mechanism for data security in the services agreement and request the service providers to conduct regular security checks and vulnerability scans in compliance with such mechanism, it could have identified the serious potential risk posed by the Vulnerability to its system and could have patched the Vulnerability as early as possible to prevent the Incident from happening.

Deficiencies in Information System Management: The Commissioner noted that HKIB had the following deficiencies in the security measures of its information system at the time of the Incident:


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 centre of the stone. For instance, the versorium D faces toward A and F, the pole and centre, whereas E does not exactly respect either the pole A or the centre F. A bit of rather fine iron wire, of the length of a barley-corn, is placed on the stone, and is moved over the regions and surface of the stone, until it rises to the perpendicular: for it stands erect at the actual pole, whether Boreal or austral; the further from the pole, the more it inclines from the vertical. The poles thus found you shall mark with a sharp file or gimlet.

NE pole of the earth turns toward the constellation of the Cynosure, and constantly regards a fixed point in the heaven (except so far as it changes by the fixed stars being shifted in longitude, which motion we recognize as existing in the earth, as we shall hereafter prove): While the other pole turns to the opposite face of heaven, unknown to the ancients, now visible on long voyages, and adorned with multitudinous stars: In the same way the loadstone has the property and power of directing itself North and South (the earth herself consenting and contributing force thereto) according to the conformation of nature, which arranges the movements of the stone towards its native situation. Which thing is proved thus: Place a magnetick stone (after finding the poles) in a round wooden vessel, a Bowl or dish, at the same time place it together with the vessel (like a sailor in a skiff) upon water in some large vessel or cistern, so that it may be able to float freely in the middle, nor touch the edge of it, and where the air is not disturbed by winds, which would thwart the natural movement of the stone. Hereupon the stone placed as it were in a ship, in the middle of the surface of the still and unruffled water, will at once put itself in motion along with the vessel that carries it, and revolve circularly, until its austral pole points to the north, and its boreal pole to the south. For it reverts from the contrary position to the poles: and although by the first too-vehement impulse it over-passes the poles; yet after returning again and again, it rests at length at the poles, or at the meridian (unless because of local reasons it is diverted some little from those points, or from the meridional line, by some sort of variation, the cause of which we will hereafter state). However often you move it away from its place, so often by virtue of nature's noble dower does it seek again those sure and

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  The regular penetration test conducted by HKIB did not cover network infrastructure and defence capabilities against specific cyberattack;

The antivirus software installed in its system only had basic protection capabilities and could not effectively defend against ransomware attacks;

Data loss prevention system was not installed in the system to detect and prevent sensitive data from being stored in external storage devices, or transmitted to external parties through email systems or the internet;

Passwords strength of some accounts in the system was insufficient and the passwords were not changed regularly, which made the relevant accounts vulnerable to attacks or intrusions by hackers; and

Other deficiencies in information security.

The Commissioner considered that all of the above showed that the personal data security management of HKIB was unsatisfactory, lacked stringent measures to regulate staff behaviour and review system settings timely, so that the security of information system which contained personal data was ineffective in addressing risks and threats.

Prolonged Implementation of Multi-factor Authentication: Back in May 2019, the Firewall manufacturer noted that attackers could bypass security restrictions and directly obtain SSL VPN account names and passwords to execute any programme in the target system through exploiting the Vulnerability. The Firewall manufacturer therefore urged users to immediately disable SSL VPN until the operating system was updated and all account passwords were reset. It also recommended that multi-factor authentication be enabled.


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 However, from the activation of SSL VPN in January 2021 to the time of the Incident, HKIB still had not implemented multi-factor authentication to prevent hackers from using the leaked passwords to attack its system.

Having considered all the evidence of this investigation, the Commissioner considered that HKIB:-

failed to effectively manage data security risks, including failing to formulate patch management procedures, which resulted in the failure to patch the Vulnerability in a timely manner, thus allowing the hacker to successfully intrude into the system through the Vulnerability and encrypt the Servers;

failed to properly manage the information system which contained personal data, including insufficient coverage of penetration tests and lack of effective antivirus software, which resulted in the system being unable to guard against hackers from attacking the Servers through the use of ransomware; and

failed to implement multi-factor authentication for SSL VPN as recommended by the Firewall manufacturer before the implementation of work-from-home arrangements to prevent hackers from attacking the system using the passwords acquired.

'''In this case, the Commissioner found that there were apparent deficiencies in the data security risk management and the personal data security measures of HKIB, which led to the ransomware attack on its Servers which contained personal data. The Commissioner considered that HKIB lacked effective data security risk management mechanism and adopted a lax approach towards service providers in the maintenance of critical network infrastructure. As a result, the security measures of the information system which contained personal data were ineffective in addressing cybersecurity risks and threats. To conclude, the Commissioner considered that HKIB had not taken all'''


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 determined goals; and this is so, not only if the poles have been disposed in the vessel evenly with the plane of the horizon, but also in the case of one pole, whether austral or boreal, being raised in the vessel ten, or twenty, or thirty, or fifty or eighty degrees, above the plane of the horizon, or lowered beneath it: Still you shall see the boreal part of the stone seek the south, and the austral part seek the north; So much so that if the pole of the stone shall be only one degree distant from the Zenith and highest point of the heaven, in the case of a spherical stone, the whole stone revolves until the pole occupies its own site; though not in the absolutely direct line, it will yet tend toward those parts, and come to rest in the meridian of the directive action. With a like impulse too it is borne if the austral pole have been raised toward the upper quarters, the same as if the Boreal had been exalted above the Horizon. But it is always to be noted that, though there are various kinds of unlikeness in the stones, and one loadstone may far surpass another in virtue and efficiency; yet all hold to the same limits, and are borne toward the same points. Further it is to be remembered that all who before our time wrote of the poles of the stone, and all the craftsmen and navigators, have been very greatly in error in considering the part of the stone which tended to the north as the north pole of the stone, and that which verged toward the south, the south pole, which we shall hereafter prove to be false. So badly hitherto hath the whole magnetick philosophy been cultivated, even as to its foundation principles.

IRST of all we must declare, in familiar language, what are the apparent and common virtues of the stone; afterward numerous subtilities, hitherto abstruse and unknown, hidden in obscurity, are to be laid open, and the causes of all these (by the unlocking of nature's secrets) made evident, in their place, by fitting terms and devices. It is trite and commonplace that loadstone draws iron; in the same way too does loadstone attract loadstone. Place the stone which you have seen to have poles clearly distinguished, and marked austral and boreal, in its vessel so as to float; and let the poles be rightly arranged with respect to the plane of the horizon, or, at any rate not much raised or awry: hold in your hand another stone the poles of which are also known; in


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  practicable steps to ensure that the personal data involved was protected from unauthorised or accidental access, processing, erasure, loss or use, thereby contravening DPP4(1) concerning the security of personal data.

While the Incident reveals room for improvement on HKIB's part, the Commissioner is pleased to note that HKIB made a timely data breach notification, cooperated with the PCPD's investigation, and is committed to learning from the Incident. After the Incident, HKIB has implemented various organisational and technical measures and fixed the Vulnerability to enhance the overall system security for the protection of personal data privacy.

Enforcement Action

The Commissioner exercised her power pursuant to section 50(1) of the Ordinance to serve an enforcement notice on HKIB (the Enforcement Notice), directing it to take the following steps to remedy and prevent recurrence of the contravention:-

Thoroughly review the security of HKIB's systems containing personal data to ensure that they are free from known malware and security vulnerabilities;

Engage an independent data security expert to conduct reviews and audits of HKIB's system security (including the servers containing personal data) on a regular basis;

 Revise the system security policy to explicitly require HKIB to conduct regular vulnerability scans on its network infrastructure (including firewalls and servers);

Revise the system security policy to specify the policies and requirements for patch management and take measures to ensure that relevant staff members and service providers providing system


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 such a way that its austral pole may be toward the boreal pole of the one that is swimming, and near it, sideways: for the floating stone forthwith follows the other stone (provided it be within its force and dominion) and does not leave off nor forsake it until it adhæres; unless by withdrawing your hand, you cautiously avoid contact. In like manner if you set the boreal pole of the one you hold in your hand opposite the austral pole of the swimming stone, they rush together and follow each other in turn. For contrary poles allure contrary. If, however, you apply in the same way the northern to the northern, and the austral to the austral pole, the one stone puts the other to flight, and it turns aside as though a pilot were pulling at the helm and it makes sail in the opposite ward as one that ploughs the sea, and neither stands anywhere, nor halts, if the other is in pursuit. For stone disposeth stone; the one turns the other around, reduces it to range, and brings it back to harmony with itself. When, however, they come together and are conjoined according to the order of nature, they cohære firmly mutually. For instance, if you were to set the boreal pole of that stone which is in your hand before the tropic of Capricorn of a round floating loadstone (for it will be well to mark out on the round stone, that is the terrella, the mathematical circles as we do on a globe itself), or before any point between the æquator and the austral pole; at once the swimming stone revolves, and so arranges itself that its austral pole touches the other's boreal pole, and forms a close union with it. In the same way, again, at the other side of the æquator, with the opposite poles, you may produce similar results; and thus by this art and subtilty we exhibit attraction, repulsion, and circular motion for attaining a position of agreement and for declining hostile encounters. Moreover 'tis in one and the same stone that we are thus able to demonstrate all these things and also how the same part of one stone may on division become either boreal or austral. Let A D be an oblong stone, in which A is the northern, D the southern pole; cut this into two equal parts, then set part A in its vessel on the water, so as to float.


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 And you will then see that A the northern point will turn to the south, as before; in like manner also the point D will move to the north, in the divided stone, as in the whole one. Whereas, of the parts B and C, which were before continuous, and are now divided, the one is southern B, the other northern C. B draws C, desirous to be united, and to be brought back into its pristine continuity: for these which are now two stones were formed out of one: and for this cause C of the one turning itself to B of the other, they mutually attract each other, and when freed from obstacles and relieved of their own weight, as upon the surface of water, they run together and are conjoined. But if you direct the part or point A to C in the other stone, the one repels or turns away from the other: for so were nature perverted, and the form of the stone perturbed, a form that strictly keeps the laws which it imposed upon bodies: hence, when all is not rightly ordered according to nature, comes the flight of one from the other's perverse position and from the discord, for nature does not allow of an unjust and inequitable peace, or compromise: but wages war and exerts force to make bodies acquiesce well and justly. Rightly arranged, therefore, these mutually attract each other; that is, both stones, the stronger as well as the weaker, run together, and with their whole forces tend to unity, a fact that is evident in all magnets, not in the Æthiopian only, as Pliny supposed. The Æthiopian magnets if they be powerful, like those brought from China, because all strong ones show the effect more quickly and more plainly, attract more strongly in the parts nearest the pole, and turn about until pole looks directly at pole. The pole of a stone more persistently attracts and more rapidly seizes the corresponding part (which they term the adverse part) of another stone; for instance, North pulls South; just so it also summons iron with more vehemence, and the iron cleaves to it more firmly whether it have been previously excited by the magnet, or is untouched. For thus, not without reason hath it been ordained by nature, that the parts nearer to the pole should more firmly attract: but that at the pole itself should be the seat, the throne, as it were, of a consummate and splendid virtue, to which magnetical bodies on being brought are more vehemently attracted, and from which they are with utmost difficulty dislodged. So the poles are the parts which more particularly spurn and thrust away things strange and alien perversely set beside them.


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   maintenance services should comply with those policies and requirements; and

Provide documentary proof to the Commissioner within two months from the date of the Enforcement Notice, showing the completion of items (1) to (4) above.

Recommendations

Through this report, the Commissioner would like to make the following recommendations to organisations that handle personal data with the use of information and communications technology (ICT):-

Stay Vigilant to Prevent Hacker Attacks: In the wake of different security vulnerabilities, organisations should always stay vigilant, and conduct regular risk assessments to review the potential impact of hacking on their systems, and enhance the protection of the systems which contain personal data such as servers, customer databases, etc.

Establish a Personal Data Privacy Management Programme: Organisations should have a robust personal data privacy management programme, use and retain personal data in compliance with the Ordinance, and manage the entire lifecycle of personal data from collection to destruction effectively, so that they could respond to data breach incidents promptly and gain trust from customers and other stakeholders.

Appoint Dedicated Officer as Data Protection Officer: Organisations should clearly define the roles and responsibilities of a data protection officer, including monitoring compliance with the Ordinance and reporting to senior management, as well as incorporating data protection issues raised by staff and experiences and lessons on data breach incidents involving customers' personal data into the organisation's training materials.


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  Enhance Information System Management: Organisations should develop effective patch management procedures to patch security vulnerabilities as early as possible and adopt appropriate technical security measures having regard to the amount and sensitivity of personal data contained in the system, such as enabling multi-factor authentication and login notification (if applicable) when connecting to a virtual private network, to provide additional security to systems and accounts. Moreover, organisations should review log records regularly so as to identify system irregularities at an early date.

Conduct Data Backup Conscientiously: Organisations should formulate data backup policy, conduct regular backup for systems containing important data, and ensure that the recovery mechanism can effectively recover the loss data or inaccessible data due to malicious software/ ransomware. Data should also be segregated according to its sensitivity and importance, and should be kept safely offline to avoid accidental loss.

Monitor Service Providers Properly: When engaging information system service providers to maintain network infrastructure, organisations should first formulate service requirements according to industry best practice or operational guidelines (e.g. to install critical patches for organisations' operation systems and applications). Organisations should also specify in the services agreements that service providers shall comply with such requirements, which may serve as the basis for future supervisions.

Other Comments

Following the Commissioner's investigation report published in November 2022 in relation to a ransomware attack on a database, this report is the second investigation on data breach caused by the Vulnerability. This shows that if organisations fail to identify and handle security


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  vulnerabilities in a timely manner, information systems containing personal data would become easy targets of hacker attacks.

'''The Commissioner opines that organisations, large or small, should learn a lesson from HKIB's data breach, keep abreast of the latest update on information system security, and put in place patch management procedures to ensure timely deployment of security patches issued by software suppliers. The Commissioner appeals to organisations to comply with the data security requirements under the Ordinance by taking all the practicable steps to safeguard the personal data held by them, such as conducting regular scans on internet-facing servers to check for vulnerabilities, and paying attention to potential data security risks posed by vulnerabilities on information systems containing personal data so as to take appropriate remedial actions as early as possible.'''

Through this report, the Commissioner wishes to point out that a robust data security system is an essential element of good data governance. The Commissioner is mindful that as the steps required of a data user to protect personal data may vary from case to case, data users should consult their own data security experts and legal advisers on whether the relevant requirements under the Ordinance are met. Reference may also be made to the "Guidance Note on Data Security Measures for Information and Communications Technology" published by the PCPD, so as to understand the proposed ICT-related data security measures and good practices in enhancing data security systems.


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RINCIPAL and manifest among the virtues of the magnet, so much and so anciently commended, is the attraction of iron; for Plato states that the magnet, so named by Euripides, allures iron, and that it not only draws iron rings but also indues the rings with power to do the same as the stone; to wit, draw other rings, so that sometimes a long chain of iron objects, nails or rings is formed, some hanging from others. The best iron (like that which is called acies from its use, or chalybs from the country of the Chalybes) is best and strongly drawn by a powerful loadstone; whereas the less good sort, which is impure, rusty, and not thoroughly purged from dross, and not wrought in second furnaces, is more feebly drawn; and yet more weakly when covered and defiled with thick, greasy, and sluggish humours. It also draws ores of iron, those that are rich and of iron colour; the poorer and not so productive ores it does not attract, except they be prepared with some art. A loadstone loses some attractive virtue, and, as it were, pines away with age, if exposed too long to the open air instead of being laid in a case with filings or scales of iron. Whence it should be buried in such materials; for there is nothing that plainly resists this exhaustless virtue which does not destroy the form of the body, or corrode it; not even if a thousand adamants were conjoined. Nor do I consider that there is any such thing as the Theamedes, or that it has a power opposite to that of the loadstone. Although Pliny, that eminent man and prince of compilers (for it is what others had seen and discovered, not always or mainly his own observations, that he has handed down to posterity) has copied from others the fable now made familiar by repetition: That in India there are two mountains near the river Indus; the nature of one being to hold fast all that is iron, for it consists of loadstone; the other's nature being to repel it, for it consists of the Theamedes. Thus if one had iron nails in one's boots, one could not tear away one's foot on the one mountain, nor stand still on the other. Albertus Magnus writes that a loadstone had been found in his day which with one part drew to itself iron, and repelled it with its other end; but Albertus observed the facts badly; for every loadstone attracts with one end iron that has been touched with a loadstone, and drives it away with the other; and draws iron that been touched with a loadstone more powerfully than iron that has not been so touched.


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158 易 遠 近 平 中 史記 說苑 馳 義禮 方言 復 勿復道

golden gates of Heaven (複道連雲接金闕). A long, winding passage below ground is called sui (隧)-tao, or in common speech yen (延)-tao, the former denoting a winding, revolving passage, and the latter a long burrow or tunnel. The term sui-tao is also loosely applied to any covered passage or invisible channel, and it is used specially of tunnels made to graves. A road well known and worn by long use is called a kuei (軌)-tao, kuei denoting the rut or groove made by a wheel. The rut in such a road is called tao-kuei, and this is, or was, a local name for a wheel used in reeling silk. Verandahs or covered passages under the eaves of houses are called p'an (盤)-tao, or winding ways, as in the expression miao-yü-pan-tao (廟宇盤道), the temple verandahs. A wu (午)-tao is a place where one road cuts another at right angles ; and a chih (軹 or 枳)-tao is a trivium or meeting of three roads properly. There was once a well-known chih-tao-ting about three miles from Chang-an to the East.-^

It is common in language to find the word for road trans-„ ferred to the journey which is made by road. Thus '* mecum inter vias cogitare " is "to think with myself while walking," while on the journey; and Griffith says of Cardinal Wolsey, "At last, with easy roads, he came to Leicester." In like manner, tao also comes to denote a journey or yoyage. So we find the phrase i (^)'tao used to denote, along with other things, an easy road and an easy journey. Thus also tao-yuan is "the way was long," and yuan-tao has as one of its meanings a long journey, its opposite being chin (5£)-^ao, a short journey. A safe, pleasant journey is expressed by p'ing {Z!^)-tao, level road, and this is also the name of a pair of stars which preside over roads and travellers. The phrase chung (tp)-tao now means "half-way," or, more loosely, " on the way " simply.

"Han-shu," chap. xlix. aud chap. i. ; <'Li-chi," chap. i. ; "Shih-chi" (It IE) . chaps, vii., vi., viii. ; "Shuo-yuan" (^ 9E), chap. xx. ; Kanghsi Diet, s. V. ffi ; " I-li " (^ H), chap, xviii. ; ** Kuang-shih," chap. i. ; " Liao-chai, etc., chap. i. (second story); "MaT. L.," chap. Ixxiii.; " Fang-yen" (^ "§:), chap. V. The word fu (^) means to repeat, do again, return, and the phrase fu-tao is used in senses hke " return passage," "journey back." Such an expression as, " he never will come back," is in Chinese wu-fu-tao (^ ^ jg), used of soldiers going on distant expeditions.


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Rh had been his bitterest foes. He expected that because of his valour, of which they had had a taste, and because of the wrath that he cherished toward his fellow-citizens they would receive him gladly, since they might hope by his aid to inflict upon the Romans injuries equal to those they had received, or even greater. Forwhen one has suffered severe injuries at the hands of any persons, one is strongly inclined to expect benefits as well from these same people in case they are willing and also able to confer favours.

The chief men there and the magistrates were delighted and again made ready for war. Attius Tullius was urging this course upon them all, but the multitude was lacking in enthusiasm. So when the leaders could prevail upon them neither by exhortation nor by intimidation to take up arms, they concocted the following scheme. The Romans were conducting a horse-race, and the Volsci among other neighbouring peoples had gathered in a large body to behold the spectacle. Tullius, as a pretended friend of the Romans, persuaded the Roman praetors that they should keep watch on the Volsci, since the latter had made ready to attack them unexpectedly in the midst of the horse-race. The praetors, after communicating the information to the others, made proclamation at once, before the contest, that all the Volsci must depart. The Volsci, indignant because they alone of all the spectators had been expelled, put themselves in readiness for battle. Placing at


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Background

Property management is closely related to citizens' daily lives. Property management bodies are indispensable to proper management of residential buildings, commercial buildings, industrial buildings, shopping malls, clubhouses and carparks. Property management involves multidisciplinary professional services, including general property management services, environmental management of properties, repair and maintenance of properties, facility management, finance and asset management, human resources management, and legal services related to properties. Such duties as visitor registration, resident card application, issuance of circulars, handling of complaints and litigation, staff management involve the processing of a massive amount of personal data.

The Office of the Privacy Commissioner for Personal Data (PCPD) receives enquiries and complaints about the property management industry's processing of personal data from time to time. During the past five years, the PCPD received an average of more than 100 complaints against the property management industry per annum. To raise this industry's awareness of protection of residents and visitors' personal data privacy, the Privacy Commissioner for Personal Data (Commissioner) publishes this investigation report in respect of four complaints recently received by the PCPD against property management companies. These four complaints involved collection, retention and use (including disclosure) of personal data. Through this report, the Commissioner wishes to remind property management bodies to comply with the relevant


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  requirements under the Personal Data (Privacy) Ordinance (Ordinance), Chapter 486, Laws of Hong Kong, in their daily practices, and to remind members of the public to protect their own personal data privacy when providing their personal data for property management bodies.

In view of the latest development of the property management industry, the PCPD has issued the "Protection of Personal Data Privacy – Guidance on Property Management Sector", which is published along with this investigation report on the same day.

Investigation Case (1): Cheong Sun Property Agent and Management Company Posted Documents Containing Property Owners' Personal Data in Public

Case Background

On 8 March 2022, the PCPD received a complaint against Cheong Sun Property Agent and Management Company (Cheong Sun), which was responsible for the property management of Scenic Garden in Cheung Chau. Cheong Sun was alleged to have posted a notice on overdue arrears to be collected from property owners and a list containing the full English names, full addresses and the amounts in arrears of 48 owners (List) on a notice board located in the public area of the property. Moreover, Cheong Sun also put copies of the notice and the List into the mailboxes of those 48 owners.

Investigation Findings and Contraventions

Cheong Sun Contravened Data Protection Principle (DPP) 3(1)

DPP3(1) and (4) of Schedule 1 to the Ordinance stipulates that personal data, without the express and voluntary consent of the data subject, shall only be used (including disclosed or transferred) for the purpose for which the data was to be used at the time of the collection of the data, or a purpose directly related to the purpose.

When it comes to posting of notices containing personal data, generally speaking, property management companies have a duty to inform property owners of the issues which may affect their interests. Public display of </li></ol>


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  notices for discharge of the above duty is related to building management. However, property management companies should carefully consider and assess the necessity of publishing information containing an individual's personal data and the amount of data involved, especially when sensitive personal data is involved.

In this case, Cheong Sun aimed to inform property owners by the notice that those 48 owners' overdue payments had put financial strains on Scenic Garden, and reminded those owners of their duty to pay the arrears as soon as possible. The Commissioner considered that Cheong Sun should have been able to collect the payment of arrears by putting separate notices into the mailboxes of the 48 owners, without any need to attach the List. Moreover, even though Cheong Sun intended to inform other property owners that 48 owners had not paid on time, it was unnecessary to post in public the personal data of those 48 owners. Under the above circumstances, the Commissioner considered that Cheong Sun had contravened the requirements of DPP3(1) as regards the use of personal data in the present case.

Enforcement Action

The Commissioner has served an Enforcement Notice on Cheong Sun directing it not to unnecessarily disclose property owners' personal data to third parties when it tries to recover arrears in the future, unless express and voluntary consent of the data subject is obtained, or the disclosure is otherwise in compliance with the law. Moreover, the Commissioner also directs Cheong Sun to formulate clear written policies and guidelines for staff compliance; circulate policies and guidelines among staff on a regular basis; and provide staff training to raise their awareness of personal data protection to prevent recurrence of similar contravention of the Ordinance.

Investigation Case (2): Creative Property Services Consultants Limited Failed to Set Retention Period for the Personal Data Collected During a Mask Distribution Activity and Failed to Properly Place Residents' Personal Data

Case Background

Creative Property Services Consultants Limited (Creative Property Services), which was responsible for the management of Ching Ho Estate in Sheung Shui, assisted the government in distributing face masks to


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  households in June 2021. Residents who had registered at the main lobby and collected a box of face masks must fill in their names, unit numbers and collection dates on the "Mask Receipt Record" (Receipt Record), and acknowledged receipt of the masks with signature.

According to the complainant, Creative Property Services had failed to adopt any measures to cover the entries on the Receipt Record, which was a common form. He could see the personal data of other recipients when he signed on the Receipt Record. Moreover, the complainant stated that the staff of Creative Property Services had placed the Receipt Record in a paper box beside a work desk, without covering relevant records. Hence, the complainant believed that Creative Property Services had not properly protected the personal data of the residents who had collected their masks as stated in the Receipt Record.

Besides, the complainant indicated that Creative Property Services had not informed the residents of the retention period of the personal data in the Receipt Record.

Investigation Findings and Contraventions

Creative Property Services Contravened DPP2(2)

DPP2(2) of Schedule 1 to the Ordinance stipulates that personal data shall not be kept longer than is necessary for the fulfillment of the purpose (including any directly related purpose) for which the data is or is to be used.

Before a property management company decides to collect residents' personal data, it should determine the purpose of collection and specify the retention period of the personal data, and ensure that the personal data shall not be kept longer than is necessary for the fulfilment of the purpose (including any directly related purpose) for which the data is or is to be used, so as to comply with the requirements of DPP2(2).

In this case, Creative Property Services failed to specify the retention period of the personal data contained in the Receipt Record at the material time. It was not until the intervention of the PCPD then Creative Property Services decided when to destroy the personal data. Hence, the Commissioner found that Creative Property Services had contravened the requirements of DPP2(2) as regards the retention of personal data.</ol>


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 Creative Property Services Contravened DPP4(1)

DPP4(1) of Schedule 1 to the Ordinance stipulates that all practicable steps shall be taken to ensure that any personal data held by a data user should be protected against unauthorised or accidental access, processing, erasure, loss or use.

Regarding the use of a common form to acknowledge receipt of masks, the Commissioner was of the view that Creative Property Services would have been able to prevent irrelevant persons from accessing the personal data by properly covering the personal data or using individual forms for registration, as well as providing proper training for frontline staff before the mask distribution activity had taken place. Regarding the alleged placing in public of the Receipt Record in the paper box beside the work desk, from the photo provided by the complainant, the Receipt Record had indeed been placed beside the work desk and the personal data therein could be clearly seen by passers-by.

Having considered the above, the Commissioner was of the view that Creative Property Services had not taken all practicable steps to protect the residents' personal data in the Receipt Record against unauthorised or accidental access, processing, erasure, loss or use, in such a way that the requirements of DPP4(1) as regards security of personal data had been contravened.

Enforcement Action

The Commissioner has served an Enforcement Notice on Creative Property Services directing it to confirm destruction of the residents' personal data collected during the mask distribution activity, and to formulate guidelines on setting the retention period of personal data collected. Moreover, Creative Property Services shall, through circulars and/or routine instructions, request its staff to strictly follow the instructions in processing personal data, and remind them to properly handle and keep the documents or records containing personal data.

Moreover, the Commissioner has also directed Creative Property Services to include the above guidelines and instructions in staff training to enhance their awareness of personal data protection, and conduct effective and regular monitoring to ensure ongoing implementation of and compliance


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  with the above guidelines and instructions, and prevent recurrence of similar contravention of the Ordinance.

Investigation Case (3): H-Privilege Limited Disclosed a Resident's Phone Number to Another Resident Without Consent

Case Background

The complainant was a resident of Parker 33 in Shau Kei Wan, which was managed by H-Privilege Limited (H-Privilege). On 14 July 2021, the complainant received a call from another resident to whom he had never given his phone number. The resident told the complainant that he had obtained the complainant's phone number from a security guard of Parker 33.

Investigation Findings and Contraventions

H-Privilege Contravened DPP3(1)

DPP3(1) and (4) of Schedule 1 to the Ordinance stipulates that personal data, without the express and voluntary consent of the data subject, shall only be used (including disclosed or transferred) for the purpose for which the data was to be used at the time of the collection of the data, or a purpose directly related to the purpose.

In the present case, the security guard in this case failed to abide by H-Privilege's established policy on the handling of personal data, and disclosed the complainant's phone number to the resident concerned without obtaining prior authorisation of staff at manager level or above and/or the complainant's consent. Moreover, the Commissioner was of the view that the complainant gave his phone number to H-Privilege at the outset for communication about property management. The security guard's disclosure of the complainant's phone number to the resident concerned for private communication was a significant deviation from the purpose of use for which the complainant had consented to, and was also inconsistent with H-Privilege's original purpose of collection.

Hence, the Commissioner found that H-Privilege had contravened the requirements of DPP3(1) as regards the use of personal data.


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Page:The Works of H G Wells Volume 9.pdf/216

 other arrangement. It is no doubt true that the natural instinct of either sex is exclusive of participators in intimacy during a period of intimacy, but it was probably Aristotle who gave Plato an offensive interpretation in this matter. No one would freely submit to such a condition of affairs as multiple marriage carried out, in the spirit of the Aristotelian interpretation, to an obscene completeness, but that is all the more reason why the Modern Utopia should not refuse a group marriage to three or more freely consenting persons. There is no sense in prohibiting institutions which no sane people could ever want to abuse. It is claimed—though the full facts are difficult to ascertain—that a group marriage of over two hundred persons was successfully organised by John Humphrey Noyes at Oneida Creek. It is fairly certain in the latter case that there was no "promiscuity," and that the members mated for variable periods, and often for life, within the group. The documents are reasonably clear upon that point. This Oneida community was, in fact, a league of two hundred persons to regard their children as "common." Choice and preference were not abolished in the community, though in some cases they were set aside—just as they are by many parents under our present conditions. There seems to have been a premature attempt at "stirpiculture," at what Mr. Francis Galton now calls "Eugenics," in the mating of the members, and there was also a limitation of offspring. Beyond these points the inner


text:
User talk:Pingnova

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Again, welcome! Beardo (talk) 12:16, 25 September 2023 (UTC)

Page:Mahkato Wacipi 51st Annual Traditional Powwow trifold program brochure 05.jpg
What is the copyright status of this document ? -- Beardo (talk) 12:17, 25 September 2023 (UTC)

title: User talk:Pingnova


text:
Page:The Works of H G Wells Volume 9.pdf/217

 secrets of the community do not appear to be very profound; its atmosphere was almost commonplace, it was made up of very ordinary people. There is no doubt that it had a career of exceptional success throughout the whole lifetime of its founder, and it broke down with the advent of a new generation, with the onset of theological differences, and the loss of its guiding intelligence. The Anglo-Saxon spirit, it has been said by one of the ablest children of the experiment, is too individualistic for communism. It is possible to regard the temporary success of this complex family as a strange accident, as the wonderful exploit of what was certainly a very exceptional man. Its final disintegration into frankly monogamic couples—it is still a prosperous business association—may be taken as an experimental verification of Aristotle's common-sense psychology, and was probably merely the public acknowledgment of conditions already practically established.

Out of respect for Plato we cannot ignore this possibility of multiple marriage altogether in our Utopian theorising, but even if we leave this possibility open we are still bound to regard it as a thing so likely to be rare as not to come at all under our direct observation during our Utopian journeyings. But in one sense, of course, in the sense that the State guarantees care and support for all properly born children, our entire Utopia is to be regarded as a comprehensive marriage group.


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Page:Improper Collection, Retention, Use and Storage of Personal Data of Residents and Visitors by Property Management Companies.pdf/7

 Enforcement Action

The Commissioner has served an Enforcement Notice on H-Privilege directing it to regularly circulate among the staff its established policy on the handling of residents' personal data and the circular issued in respect of this case. The staff shall not disclose or provide residents' personal data to anyone without authorisation or consent from the residents concerned. H-Privilege is also directed to include the above policy and circular in staff training to enhance their awareness of personal data protection, and also conduct effective and regular monitoring to ensure implementation of and compliance with the above policy and circular, in order to prevent recurrence of similar contravention of the Ordinance.

Investigation Case (4): Wilson Property Management Limited Recorded Visitor's Identity Card Number without Offering Less Privacy-intrusive Alternatives

Case Background

The complainant was a food delivery worker of a takeaway platform. On 5 December 2021, when the complainant delivered food to a unit at Tung Yuk Court in Shau Kei Wan, which was managed by Wilson Property Management Limited (Wilson), a security guard requested him to present his Hong Kong Identity Card for visitor registration. A notice stating that visitors must present their Identity Cards for registration was also posted at the reception counter. The complainant proposed to provide other identification documents for visitor registration, but the security guard insisted that only Hong Kong Identity Card would be accepted. In the end, the complainant was denied access to the building after refusing to present his Identity Card.

Investigation Findings and Contraventions

DPP1(1) of Schedule 1 to the Ordinance stipulates that personal data shall be collected for a lawful purpose directly related to a function or activity of the data user who is to use the data; the collection of the data is necessary for or directly related to that purpose; and the data is adequate but not excessive in relation to that purpose.

Moreover, Identity Card numbers are sensitive personal data. Data users can only collect Identity Card numbers under the conditions stated in the


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  Ordinance and the "Code of Practice on the Identity Card Number and other Personal Identifiers" (Code) issued by the Commissioner under the Ordinance.

According to the Code, property management companies may record visitors' Identity Card numbers at building entrances. However, the Code also points out that property management companies should, wherever practicable, give visitors the option to adopt alternatives which are less privacy-intrusive than providing their Identity Card numbers (e.g. accepting other identification documents for registration, or calling the residents concerned to identify the visitors).

In the present case, Wilson could in fact have adopted less privacy-intrusive alternatives (e.g. accepting his staff card as proof of identity when the visitor was trying to enter the building to perform his duties, or allowing the security guard to confirm with the resident concerned about the purpose of visit) for visitor identification. However, apart from collection of Identity Card numbers, Wilson failed to offer any less privacy-intrusive alternatives to visitors. The Commissioner found that such an act had contravened the requirements of the Code and the requirements under DPP1(1) as regards the collection of personal data.

Enforcement Action

The Commissioner has served an Enforcement Notice on Wilson directing it to review the visitor registration procedures and allow visitors (no matter whether they are on an errand) to adopt alternatives which are less privacy-intrusive than providing their Identity Card numbers for registration; formulate written policies and guidelines for staff compliance; regularly circulate the policies and guidelines among its staff; provide staff training to enhance their awareness of personal data protection; and conduct effective and regular monitoring to ensure ongoing implementation of and compliance with the above policies and guidelines.

Recommendations

The Commissioner encourages property management bodies (including owners' corporations, owners' committees, mutual aid committees and property management companies) to "self-regulate" by adopting good practice in accordance with the law and guidance, to protect and respect


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Page:Elmer Gantry (1927).djvu/65

 Rev. Dr. Willoughby Quarles, chin whisker, glacial shirt, bulbous waistcoat and all, plunged in under the fat soft wing of the landlady.

The president shook hands a number of times with everybody, he eyebrowed the landlady out of the room, and boomed in his throaty pulpit voice, with belly-rumblings and long-drawn R's and L's, a voice very deep and owlish, most holy and fitting to the temple which he created merely by his presence, rebuking to flippancy and chuckles and the puerile cynicisms of the Jim Leffertses—a noise somewhere between the evening bells and the morning jackass:

"Oh, Brother Elmer, that was a brave thing you did! I have never seen a braver! For a great strong man of your gladiatorial powers to not be afraid to humble himself! And your example will do a great deal of good, a grrrrrreat deal of good! And we must catch and hold it. You are to speak at the Y. M. C. A. tonight—special meeting to reënforce the results of our wonderful Prayer Week."

"Oh, gee, President, I can't!" Elmer groaned.

"Oh, yes, Brother, you must. You must! It's already announced. If you'll go out within the next hour, you'll be gratified to see posters announcing it all over town!"

"But I can't make a speech!"

"The Lord will give the words if you give the good will! I myself shall call for you at a quarter to seven. God bless you!"

He was gone.

Elmer was completely frightened, completely unwilling, and swollen with delight that after long dark hours when Jim, an undergraduate, had used him dirtily and thrown clods at his intellect, the president of Terwillinger College should have welcomed him to that starched bosom as a fellow-apostle.

While Elmer was making up his mind to do what he had made up his mind to do, Jim crawled into bed and addressed the Lord in a low poisonous tone.

Elmer went out to see the posters. His name was in lovely large letters.

For an hour, late that afternoon, after various classes in which every one looked at him respectfully, Elmer tried to prepare his address for the Y. M. C. A. and affiliated lady

title: Page:Elmer Gantry (1927).djvu/65


text:
Page:Improper Collection, Retention, Use and Storage of Personal Data of Residents and Visitors by Property Management Companies.pdf/9

  personal data of residents, and earn residents' trust and support in fulfilling their management duty.

Through this report, the Commissioner would like to make the following recommendations to property management bodies:

The Commissioner encourages property management bodies to introduce the "Personal Data Privacy Management Programme" to include the protection of personal data privacy as part of their corporate governance responsibilities, and to adopt the top-down approach to implement open and transparent information policies and conventions, so as to show their determination in exemplifying good corporate governance and in seeking trust from residents. For details, please refer to the "Privacy Management Programme: A Best Practice Guide" issued by the PCPD.

Before formulating policies or measures about the collection of personal data, a Privacy Impact Assessment should be carried out to identify any privacy issues associated with the implementation of the policies or measures, so as to determine whether the policies or measures are really needed and whether there are any less privacy-intrusive alternatives, and to strike a reasonable balance between the discharge of property management duties and the protection of personal data privacy of residents and visitors.

A Data Protection Officer should be appointed to ensure the organisational compliance with the requirements under the Ordinance and implementation of the "Personal Data Privacy Management Programme". Organisations should allocate resources to enhance staff awareness of personal data privacy protection, by clearly disseminating relevant and updated information (e.g. offering practical tips from time to time in internal newsletters, and providing channels such as intranet for easy browsing of necessary information at any time). Organisations should establish a culture of respecting personal data privacy and thoroughly implement policies protecting personal data by adopting a top-down approach.


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  Residents' personal data should be treated as important assets of property management bodies, and all personal data collected should be kept safely and processed carefully; staff awareness or sensitivity as regards the protection of residents' personal data should be enhanced, by applying the concept of privacy protection to the staff's daily work routine and providing training based on the needs of relevant staff so that they will properly process residents' personal data.

Policies and guidelines on processing personal data should be reviewed and updated on a regular basis, and through proactive communication, staff should be made to understand the personal data privacy issues they may encounter at work, and provided with effective and professional solutions and knowledge; staff's routine work procedure should be monitored effectively to help them better understand the requirements of the Ordinance, so as to create a work environment and a mode of operation which protect personal data privacy.


text: Improper Collection, Retention, Use and Storage of Personal Data of Residents and Visitors by Property Management Companies


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Page:Protection afforded by volunteers of Oregon and Washington Territories to overland immigrants in 1854.pdf/18

 power of the authorities to inflict upon the perpetrators of this great outrage the punishment they so richly merit.

You will do me a personal favor, and your constituents a great service, by calling the attention of the Department of War to the fact of the necessity of the establishment of a garrison or military post at or near "Fort Boise." Were it only kept up during the summer and fall months, while the immigrants are on the road, it would be of incalculable benefit in keeping in check the propensities of the Indians to robbery and violence. Indeed, I conceive it to be a matter of the chiefest importance that our government should give more attention to this matter of protection and defence of the annual immigration towards the Pacific. If it be not practicable to afford protection over the entire route, let sufficient forces from the posts at the extremes of the Territory be directed to make summer and fall excursions into the heart of the Indian country, and in the vicinity of the immigrant routes. Are there not posts within the settlements in this and Washington Territories, the location of which might be changed with advantage to the frontier?

My dear sir, with every confidence in your spirit and energy, I leave this matter in your hands ; press it with all earnestness and force upon the department, and if need be upon Congress. The lives of our people must not be sacrificed when it is in the power of the government to avert it.

Yours always, sincerely,

GEO. L. CURRY, Acting Governor of Oregon.

Delegate to Congress from Oregon.

Executive Office, Salem, September 20, 1854.

 * Since my letter to you of the morning of the 18th instant I have received information of an official character that the force already in the field is quite inadequate for the apprehension or punishment of the perpetrators of the unprecedented outrage in the vicinity of Fort Boise. I have therefore issued a proclamation calling for an additional force of two companies of mounted volunteers. I hope to have this reinforcement in motion for the theatre of action by the 25th instant.

Other acts of violence have been committed by the Indians on other trails into this Territory. A company of volunteers, by order of Governor Davis, made an excursion on the south route to meet the immigration and protect it from apprehended danger. A small detachment of this command wag attacked by a large body of Indians (in ambush on both sides of the road) near the sink of Lost river. On the middle or new route, coming in, as you remember, from Malhuer into Lane county, a Mr. Turner's party was attacked and one man was killed—young Stewart, of Corvallis. I cannot but deplore the necessity that demands the enforcement of measures involving such an expenditure of money. But I beg to assure you that the greatest care


text:
Page talk:Mahkato Wacipi 51st Annual Traditional Powwow trifold program brochure 05.jpg

Copyright status
What is the copyright status of this document ? -- Beardo (talk) 12:46, 25 September 2023 (UTC)


text:
Page:The Castle of Wolfenbach - Parsons - 1854.djvu/308

 the messenger with his resolve to the Earl, his heart faultered from its purpose. Such is the alternate violence of evil passions, that they never suffer their subjects to act with consistency, but torn by conflicting energies, the gratification of one propensity is destruction to the enjoyment of another; and the moment in which they imagine happiness in their grasp, is to them the moment of disappointment. Thus it was with the Baron; his soul seemed to attain its full enjoyment in the contemplation of revenge, till the idea of Mary inflamed his heart with an opposite passion; his wishes had caught new ardour from disappointment, for he had heard that Mary had been once in the power of his emissaries; and perhaps the pain which recoils upon the mind from every fruitless effort of wickedness, served to encrease the energies of his desires. He spurned the thought of relinquishing the pursuit, yet there appeared to be no method of obtaining its object but by sacrificing his favourite passion; for he had little doubt of obtaining Mary's when it should be known that he resolved not to grant the life of the Earl upon any other ransom. The balance of these passions hung in his mind in such nice equilibrium, that it was for some time uncertain which would preponderate; revenge, at length, yielded to love; but he resolved to preserve the torture of expected death, by keeping the Earl ignorant of his reprieve till the last moment.

The Earl awaited death with the same stern fortitude with which he received its sentence, and was led from the tower to the platform of the castle, silent and unmoved. He beheld the preparations for his execution, the instruments of death, the guards arranged in files, with an eye undaunted. The glare of externals had no longer power over his imagination. He beheld every object with indifference, but that on which his eye now rested; it was on the murderer, who exhibited himself in all the pride of exulting conquest: he started at the sight, and his soul shrunk


title: Page:Signswondersgodw0000wood.djvu/592


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Page:Protection afforded by volunteers of Oregon and Washington Territories to overland immigrants in 1854.pdf/12

, Salem, December 18, 1857.

 * In reply to the resolution of the council requesting me "to furnish the council with the official correspondence, resolutions, and memorials of the legislative assembly, and any other information relative to the prices of supplies, the hostilities of the Indians, and protection of the immigrants in 1854," I transmit the accompanying documents.

GEO. L. CUERY, Governor.

The of the Council.

, July 7, 1854.

Oregon and the adjacent counties of northern California, and possessing the knowledge of the massacre of several entire families in the year 1852 in the immediate vicinity of Goose lake, together with the positive proof of their having committed many depredations, though perhaps of a less criminal nature, during the past season, and of the manifestation of hostile intentions at the present time, I deem it advisable to state to you the present position of affairs here relative to Indian matters and the coming immigration.
 * As the time is fast approaching for the arrival of the annual emigration from the Atlantic States, via the plains, and as the country through which it is destined to pass is now, as heretofore, occupied by tribes of hostile Indians who have for several years past committed many depredations upon the immigration en route to this portion of

The recent Indian difficulty in Siskiyou county, California, resulted in the death of several Indians belonging to the different tribes of the northern section of California and to southern Oregon, two of whom are supposed to have belonged to the Modocs, located in the vicinity of Goose and Klamath lakes, directly on the immigrant road to this valley. The Applegate, Klamath, Shasta, and Scott valley tribes have left their usual haunts and gone into the mountains in the direction of the Modoc country, with the avowed determination of joining with the several tribes in that vicinity for the purpose of getting redress for real or imaginary wrongs from any or all citizens who may fall within their grasp.

through the prompt and vigorous action of General Lane the immigration of last season met with comparative few losses. This indefatigable officer, though suffering severely from the effects of a wound received in an action with Indians only a few days previous, saw at once the perilous situation of the incoming immigration, and, with the promptitude characteristic of this estimable officer, immediately ordered a company of about sixty mounted volunteers, in command of Captain John F. Miller, to proceed with all possible despatch to the section of country in which were enacted the horrid massacres of the year previous. To this act a large portion of the immigration


text:
Proclamation No. 1103 (Marcos)

, Barangays (Citizens Assemblies) were created in barrios in municipalities and in districts/wards in chartered cities pursuant to Presidential Decree No. 86 dated December 31, 1972, composed of all persons who are residents of the barrios, district or ward for at least six months, fifteen years of age or over, citizens of the Philippines and who are registered in the list of Citizen Assembly members kept by the barrio, district or ward secretary;

, the said Barangays were established precisely to broaden the base of citizen participation in the democratic process and to afford ample opportunities for the citizenry to express their views on important national issues;

, pursuant to Presidential Decree No. 86–A dated January 5, 1973 and Presidential Decree No. 86–B dated January 7, 1973, this question was posed before the Barangays: Do you approve the New Constitution?

, fourteen million nine hundred seventy-six thousand five hundred sixty one (14,976,561) members of all the Barangays voted for the adoption of the proposed Constitution, as against seven hundred forty-three thousand eight hundred sixty-nine (743,869) who voted for its rejection; but a majority of those who approved the new Constitution conditioned their votes on the demand that the interim National Assembly provided in its Transitory Provisions should not be convened;

, under Article XVII, Section 3 (1) of the New Constitution, the President is vested with the discretion when to convene the interim National Assembly;

, President of the Philippines, by virtue of the powers vested in me by the Constitution and in deference to the sovereign will of the Filipino people, do hereby declare that the convening of the interim National Assembly provided for in Article XVII (Transitory Provisions) of the new Constitution shall be suspended.

, I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of the Republic of the Philippines to be affixed.

Done in the City of Manila, this 17th day of January, in the year of Our Lord, nineteen hundred and seventy-three.

Rh By the President: Rh

title: Proclamation No. 1103 (Marcos)


text:
Page:A trip to the moon (IA triptomoon00mcde).pdf/38

 to untruss a Point, and thought no place so proper for it us that where it had been rested. (This is mention'd as an Instance of that Creature's Ingratitude to its Benefactor.) In short, it left something at the Root of the Tree which did not smell very pleasant in the Noses of them who liv'd at that time. It had a strange Effect also upon the Tree, for it made it retain its Smell, and instead of not affecting Peoples Noses at all, affect them in a very disagreeable manner; so that they made as little use of it for a long time after, as they do of Hemlock in Ireland: But succeeding Ages differ'd very much from their Forefathers; for it happen'd that a Lady, famous for her great Knowledge of the Virtues of Plants, (I am heartily sorry I cannot remember her Name) took some of the Leaves of this Tree, and boil'd them to find out their Qualities, and after much Study assur'd her female Friends, that those Leaves were very wholesome, and that Water in which they were boil'd, contributed much to the dilating the urinary Passages, and by that means wou'd keep them from the Stone or Gravel; but the disagreeable Smell and Taste of 'em might be corrected by Ingredients fit to please those Senses which the Tea Leaves offended. Her Advice was follow'd by those she had any Influence on, and they chose Tea Water for their Breakfast; but they took so much of it at several times in the Day, and put so much Sugar in it, that they began to be troubled with Diseases which they might have been free from, had they never changed their Diet. But the Lady who recommended it to 'em, cou'd not bear that her Counsel shou'd be neglected, and at last persuaded 'em that it had no disagreeable Taste or Smell at all, and ought to be taken with but little or no Sugar, if they intended it shou'd do 'em any good. They were easily inclin'd to believe her, since they were already great Admirers of several stinking Things, and valu'd 'em for stinking, such as Cream-Cheeses, Venison, &c. so that in a short Time from a few, the Folly became epidemical.


text:
Proclamation No. 1104 (Marcos)

, Barangays (Citizens Assemblies) were created in barrios in municipalities and in districts/wards in chartered cities pursuant to Presidential Decree No. 86 dated December 31, 1972, composed of all persons who are residents of the barrio, district or ward for at least six months, fifteen years of age or over, citizens of the Philippines and who are registered in the list of Citizen Assembly members kept by the barrio, district or ward secretary;

, the said Barangays were established precisely to broaden the base of citizen participation in the democratic process and to afford ample opportunities for the citizenry to express their views on important national issues;

, pursuant to Presidential Decree No. 86–A dated January 5, 1973 and Presidential Decree No. 86–B dated January 7, 1973, this question was posed before the Barangays: Do you want martial law to continue?

, fifteen million two hundred twenty-four thousand five hundred eighteen (15,224,518) voted for the continuation of martial law as against only eight hundred forty-three thousand fifty-one (843,051) who voted against it;

, President of the Philippines, by virtue of the powers in me vested by the Constitution, do hereby declare martial law shall continue in accordance with the needs of the time and the desire of the Filipino people.

, I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of the Republic of the Philippines to be affixed.

Done in the City of Manila, this 17th day of January, in the year of Our Lord, nineteen hundred and seventy-three.

Rh By the President: Rh

title: Proclamation No. 1104 (Marcos)


text:
Page:Fsi-AmharicBasicCourse-Volume2-StudentText.pdf/85

RV 580 (Rh)

b) One legged characters in the basic form acquire a kind of hook attached to the leg, e.g.

c) A leg is attached to originally legless characters, e.g.

The fifth order (/hamıs/) is characterized by a small semi circle attached to the right leg of the character or to its extension, e.g.


text:
Page:William Muir, Thomas Hunter Weir - The Caliphate; Its Rise, Decline, and Fall (1915).djvu/205

 176 of the leader who reduced it. Thus, one after another, Fars, Kirmān, Makrān, Sijistān, Khorāsān, and Azerbījān, were overrun. But the people would ever and anon rise again in rebellion; and it was long before the invaders could subside into a settled life, or feel secure away from the protection of garrisoned entrenchments. The privileges enjoyed by professors of the faith were so great that the adherents of Zoroastrian worship were not long able to resist the attraction; by degrees the Persian race came over, in name at least, to the dominant creed, and in the end all opposition ceased. The notices of Zoroastrian families, and of fire-temples destroyed in after reigns, show indeed that in many quarters the conversion was slow and partial. But after the fall of the Court, the political and social inducements to bow before Islām were, for the most part, irresistible. The polished Persian formed a new element in Muslim society. Yet, however noble and refined, he held for long a place apart and altogether inferior to that enjoyed by the rude but dominant class of Arabian blood. Individuals or families belonging to the subject peoples could only gain a recognised position by attaching themselves to some Arab chief or clan, as mawāli (plural of maula), "clients" or adherents; and, though thus dependent, might claim some of the privileges of the ruling faith. But neither here nor elsewhere did they intermarry with the Arabs on equal terms, nor were they, in point of fact, looked upon otherwise than as of inferior caste. Thus though in theory, on becoming Muslims, conquered nations might enter the "equal brotherhood" of Islām, they formed not the less an altogether lower estate. The race and language, ancestral dignity, and political privileges of the Arab line continued for many generations to be paramount.


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 our entire security, as not to keep watch and ward, even on our best feelings. I have seen gross intolerance shewn in support of toleration; sectarian antipathy most obtrusively displayed in the promotion of an undistinguishing comprehension of sects: and acts of cruelty (I had almost said) of treachery, committed in furtherance of an object vitally important to the cause of humanity; and all this by men too of naturally kind dispositions and exemplary conduct.

The magic rod of fanaticism is preserved in the very adyta of human nature; and needs only the re-exciting warmth of a master hand to bud forth afresh and produce the old fruits. The horror of the peasant's war in Germany, and the direful effects of the Anabaptist's tenets (which differed only from those of jacobinism by the substitution of theological for philosophical jargon) struck all Europe for a time with affright. Yet little more than a century was sufficient to obliterate all effective memory of these events. The same principles with similar though less dreadful consequences were again at work from the imprisonment of the first Charles to the restoration of his son. The fanatic maxim of extirpating fanaticism by persecution produced a civil war. The war ended in the victory of the insurgents; but the temper survived, and Milton had abundant grounds


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 for asserting, that "Presbyter was but writ large!" One good result, thank heaven! of this zealotry was the re-establishment of the church. And now it might have been hoped, that the mischievous spirit would have been bound for a season, "and a seal set upon him, that he might deceive the nation no more." But no! The ball of persecution was taken up with undiminished vigor by the persecuted. The same fanatic principle, that under the solemn oath and covenant, had turned cathedrals into stables, destroyed the rarest trophies of art and ancestral piety, and hunted the brightest ornaments of learning and religion into holes and corners, now marched under episcopal banners, and having first crowded the prisons of England emptied its whole vial of wrath on the miserable covenanters of Scotland (Laing's History of Scotland.—Walter Scott's bards, ballads &c.) A merciful providence at length constrained both parties to join against a common enemy. A wise Government followed; and the established church became, and now is, not only the brightest example, but our best and only sure bulwark, of toleration! The true and indispensable bank against a new inundation of persecuting zeal—!

A long interval of quiet succeeded; or rather, the exhaustion had produced a cold fit of


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 the ague which was symptomatized by indifference among the many, and a tendency to infidelity or scepticism in the educated classes. At length those feelings of disgust and hatred, which for a brief while the multitude had attached to the crimes and absurdities of sectarian and democratic fanaticism, were transferred to the oppressive privileges of the noblesse, and the luxury; intrigues and favoritism of the continental courts. The same principles dressed in the ostentatious garb of a fashionable philosophy once more rose triumphant and effected the French revolution. And have we not within the last three or four years had reason to apprehend, that the detestable maxims and correspondent measures of the late French despotism had already bedimmed the public recollections of democratic phrensy; had drawn off to other objects the electric force of the feelings which had massed and upheld those recollections; and that a favorable concurrence of occasions was alone wanting to awaken the thunder and precipitate the lightning from the opposite quarter of the political heaven? (See, p.110)

In part from constitutional indolence, which in the very hey-day of hope had kept my enthusiasm in check, but still more from the habits and influences of a classical education and academic pursuits, scarcely had a year


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General Order No. 17 (Marcos)

GENERAL ORDER No. 17

, I have decreed that our people shall be fully informed and enlightened on the provisions of the proposed Constitution in order that they can vote intelligently when it is submitted to them for ratification;

, therefore, our people shall be afforded the fullest opportunity to freely and publicly discuss and debate its various provisions;

, pursuant to this desire of mine that the proposed Constitution be fully, freely, and publicly discussed, and after consulting with leaders of Congress and the Constitutional Convention itself, I have likewise decreed that:

1. The proposed Constitution shall be printed in English and Pilipino in the Official Gazette as well as in newspapers of general circulation before the holding of the plebiscite to ratify the Constitution on January 15, 1973;

2. The printed copies of the Constitution shall be posted in conspicuous places in each provincial, city, municipal, and municipal district government buildings, and in at least two other conspicuous places in the city, municipality, or municipal district at least thirty days before the plebiscite, and in a conspicuous place in each polling place at least 15 days before the plebiscite;

3. The Department of Public Information shall distribute printed copies of the proposed Constitution to government agencies and instrumentalities, including national, provincial, city municipality, municipal district and barrio governments and to civic, religious, educational, business, labor and trade institutions, and, through the use of all forms of mass Media endeavor to disseminate full information on the provisions of the proposed Constitution.

, President of the Philippines, by virtue of the powers vested in me by the Constitution as Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Philippines, and pursuant to Proclamation No. 1081, dated September 21, 1972, and General Order No. 1, dated September 21, 1972, as amended, order and enjoin the Armed Forces of the Philippines and/or other Departments and agencies of the Government, to allow and encourage public and free discussion and debate on the proposed Constitution, keeping in mind always my desire that the proposed Constitution be discussed fully and freely before the plebiscite on January 15, 1973, in order that our people can vote intelligently on its ratification.

More particularly, I order:

1. That no person shall be questioned, interrogated or investigated before or after the plebiscite for any speech, remarks or statements in any discussions or debates intended to explain the proposed Constitution or to enlighten our people about it, or for any views for or against it or its ratification, made in public rallies or debates, in printed or other forms of communication, radio or television, and such remarks, statements or views shall not be admissible as evidence in any investigations or suits against the person or persons making them.

2. That the printing of pamphlets, leaflets, posters, handbills and other printed materials designed to explain the Constitution or to enlighten our people about it, and the dissemination or circulation of these materials shall be allowed and in no way restricted, subject to the regulations promulgated by the Commission on Elections, and that no person or persons shall be held to account for views expressed in these printed materials, which shall likewise be inadmissible as evidence in any investigations or suits against the persons printing, publishing or circulating them.

I direct the Secretary of National Defense to adopt all measures to ensure that this General Order is observed faithfully by all the officers and men in the field and everywhere else in the country.

I likewise order the heads of the other executive departments, offices and agencies to similarly adopt measures to ensure that officers and employees under them faithfully comply with this Order.

Finally, I enjoin all our people to participate actively in the discussion and debate on the proposed Constitution, and to express their views on it in any other manner or in any form, printed or otherwise, but at the same time respect the freedom of others to do likewise.

Done in the City of Manila, this 1st day of December, in the year of Our Lord, nineteen hundred and seventy-two.

Rh

By the President:

(Sgd.) Executive Secretary

title: General Order No. 17 (Marcos)


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 elapsed from the commencement of my literary and political adventures before my mind sunk into a state of thorough disgust and despondency, both with regard to the disputes and the parties disputant. With more than poetic feeling I exclaimed:

I retired to a cottage in Somersetshire at the foot of Quantock, and devoted my thoughts and studies to the foundations of religion and morals. Here I found myself all afloat. Doubts rushed in; broke upon me "from the fountains of the great deep," and fell "from the windows of heaven." The fontal truths of natural religion and the books of Revelation alike contributed to the flood; and it was long ere my ark touched on an Ararat, and rested. The idea of the Supreme Being appeared to me to be as neces-