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 daughter should not induce the addresses of some wealthy pretender. In those remote ages, virtue and beauty were as valuable in the estimation of young bachelors, as birth and riches are sought after now-a-days; in truth, a young maiden had more chance of getting married: every parent, from his own experience, would repeat to his son, that a good and handsome wife was the most essential piece of furniture he could procure; every mother evinced the truth of the assertion, the same as every young woman strived to confirm it, and to become, as King Solomon expressed it, “A pearl of rich value that decorates the mansion of her lord.”

Dame Brigite accordingly continually watched over her jewel, and denied herself every thing, that she might bestow a good education on her daughter, and deck her out to the best advantage. Convinced, as all good mothers were in those days of yore, that the best,—that nothing better could be done than to teach a girl to love her work and retirement; and in conformity to those principles, she gave Meta plenty of work to do, but never allowed her to leave her home unless it was to go to hear mass every day in a church not far distant.

Frank was engaged at observing the heavens from his window, when he chanced to see the young girl, who made such an impression upon him as he had never experienced before; never had he to that day viewed a female with a sensation of love; but the innocent and beauteous Meta developed within him the most ardent passion: he no longer dwelt on any other idea, he renounced every other wish, and knew of no other occupation but of gazing on her whilst she sat spinning in her little room, when she occasionally came to her window for the benefit of a little fresh air, or when she was going out in pursuit of her usual devotion. Ah! how severely would he then lament having squandered away his fortune! How happy he would have been to offer it to Meta,—in sharing it with Meta! But now, what hopes might he be allowed to indulge? Could he presume to propose her partaking of his distress?—No. He therefore must be satisfied with admiring and adoring her silently.

In the mean time Frank was not the only observer of what passed amongst his neighbours; dame Brigite likewise would make her observations, and rightly understood from what motives her young neighbour was stationary at his window for whole days together; she had heard of him,—she had been informed that he had spent the princely fortune that his father had left him; and the young man’s character, of course, was enough to cause so prudent a mother as Brigite was, to tremble from head to foot: he was not the son-in-law duly qualified to set her spinning-wheel to rest; he consequently was excluded from co-operating in her schemes. In the mean time, as she was well read in the human heart, and as she knew that forbidden fruit is, and ever will be, thought the most palatable to a youthful girl, she held her tongue, and took particular care to keep her discovery and reflections to herself, but determined to counteract whatever her gay neighbour might put in practice to be noticed by Meta.

In consequence of Brigite’s plans, when Frank one morning approached his window, he had the mortification to see that of his opposite neighbours veiled with a thick curtain of white cloth, through which the hundred eyes of Argus would have tried in vain to pierce. Thinking that the curtain would be drawn open a little later, he sat patiently for some time; during the whole blessed day he remained at his post, but the fatal curtain was not removed; on the day following he found it still as immovable as if it were a stone wall. However, he had the consolation of seeing Meta as she was going to church, but her mother followed her close, and besides, her sweet face was covered over with a veil as thick nearly as the curtain; he saw the veiled beauty and her barbarous mother enter the temple, come out of it, and hasten back home, the sooner to get secreted behind their curtain.


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 than he sat off privately, and arrived there the day of Don Ferdinand’s death. He soon called at the house of the widow, and after having paid her some distant compliments, he buried her husband at his own expence, and with the same magnificence as he had observed at the funeral of his father. After this service was over, he returned to Donna Clara, accompanied by some of the first noblemen belonging to the court, whom he had caused to follow as mourners; and he thus addressed her:—“Madam, I have just been rendering one last service to Don Ferdinand. You well know the motives which urged me to it, and no one is ignorant of my passion for you, which has increased with time; although you have never shewn me the least favour since your marriage, which could give me any kind of hope, the respect and admiration which I have ever felt for your virtue, have contributed to render me constant to your beauty; capable, indeed, of itself alone, to triumph over the most insensible heart. We are both of us now independent of the will of others, since I have no longer a parent, nor you a husband. It is time to reward my fidelity, and to let your virtue be crowned by wealth.” Donna Clara, penetrated with this generous proceeding, attempted to throw herself at his feet. But he prevented her by taking one of her beautiful hands, and imprinting on it a fervent kiss. Ardent to accelerate his felicity, he sent immediately to a notary to prepare the contract: and in a short time after, having obtained permission of the King to celebrate his marriage, he married Donna Clara, and observed the utmost splendor in the ceremony of his nuptials.

Don Sancho did not limit his generosity merely to Donna Clara: he extended it to the daughters of this virtuous female, and settled on them a handsome fortune, when he found them determined on taking the veil, in the same convent in which they had been educated. The heart of Donna Clara was too grateful not to love with sincere affection, so generous a husband, and whose love had been so tried and constant. The remainder of their days were passed in the most happy harmony, and they had a progeny which inherited their virtues with their riches; while the virtuous Clara experienced in this happy union the recompence of her patient goodness, which had made her support with fortitude, those severe sorrows to which she had been formerly exposed.

undefined

undefined  was overwhelmed with grief; how could he contrive to see Meta again? How could he succeed in gaining her affections? After mature deliberation he determined to remove the alarms of the mother by never appearing at his window; but how then shall he know whether that of his neighbours is open, and whether the curtain is up? Love renders his votaries ingenious. Frank sold one of the rings he had left, bought a pier glass, and hung it up at the farther extremity of his apartment, but in such a manner that the house opposite was entirely represented. His post of observation thus established, Frank no longer shewed himself, and with his back urnedturned [sic] towards the window, and his eyes continually fixed on the glass, he had the satisfaction, at the expiration of a few days, to behold the celestial face of Meta. Dame Brigite, as Frank had judiciously imagined, seeing him no longer, thought that she had been mistaken, that she had tired his patience, or that he had left his lodgings; at any rate, the curtain, which had impeded their work, was drawn up, and Frank could see in his glass much better than from his window, where he could not look with as much attention. With this scheme, however, he was not fully satisfied; Meta was unacquainted with it,—Meta did not suspect that he thought of her only, or that he could see her: by what means was she to be inform-

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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 formed him that they had left their lodgings before day-break, to go and live somewhere else: that Meta regretted much leaving that part of the town, and that she wept bitterly. “What! don’t you know whither they are gone?” asked Frank.—“Neither I, nor any one else,” was the answer: “her goods have been carried off by an entire stranger, and God knows where he has carried them; for my part I do not.”

To the most dreadful agony of despair, sweet hope succeeded on a sudden. “If they continue in Bremen,” thought the amorous youth, “I shall soon find them out.” He had noticed her regularity in going to hear mass every morning, and he accordingly went from church to church, chapel and convent, having scarce any other habitation. “If love can inspire talents, wherefore should it not also suggest devotion?” No sooner did Frank enter the house of God, than he would fall on his knees, and pray for the restoration of his Meta. One day, that his prayer no doubt had been more fervent than usual, as he was casting his inquisitive looks over the congregation, he descried, at a certain distance, a young person kneeling;—it was she!—it was Meta! who also prayed to heaven to be granted the high blessing of hearing again the dulcet notes of her former neighbour’s lute. When she rose from her devotions, she saw him, she met his eyes fixed upon her; she then cast down her’s with the blush of simplicity and innocence, and slowly proceeded to her new residence, whilst Frank, timid and respectful, as true lovers generally are, followed, without daring to accost her, for fear Dame Brigite should see him, and carry Meta to such a remote distance that he should be unable to find her again. He, therefore, hid himself, as well as he could, from that formidable Argus, which, indeed, cost him no little trouble. In order to lose no time, she did not always accompany her daughter to church, but she kept a watchful eye over her on her way to church and back home; Frank, accordingly, must be satisfied with seeing her read her prayers, hoping he came in for a share. Neither was he deceived: Meta, who always met his eyes turned towards her, and who found them no less eloquent than his lute, loved him more and more dearly, till at last she condescended to let her’s answer him in the same language.

Frank was not the only one who looked at, and found her handsome. A young brewer, a man in very good circumstances, and much inclined to get married, was in the habit of seeing her daily, and always imagined he could read in her countenance that she was possessed of those qualifications that are so desirable in a wife. “How modest she looks,” would he say to himself. “How much more so will she appear in the fine clothes I shall buy for her! Her piety will draw blessings from above on my brewery! How happy I shall be when I return home in the evening to drink some liquor of my own make in her company!—how—! how—!” The final result of all these exclamations was, that the young brewer made a vow of offering a huge wax taper to St. Christopher, in case he succeeded in his undertaking. He next put on his best suit; and as soon as he saw Meta passing by on her way to church, he went to speak to Dame Brigite. Agreeable to the custom of those days, all preliminary compliments being over, he very respectfully asked the mother for her daughter’s hand, and entered into a detail of all he possessed; namely, an extensive brewhouse, a fine town-house, a rich plantation of hops, a country residence, beautiful gardens, and a large fortune, which increased daily: he next spoke of elegant gowns, fine lace, and costly jewels, both for his intended bride and her mother. The little eyes of Dame Brigite sparkled when she heard of all those fineries, and at the idea of possessing a daughter deserving of them. At length her chimera was realized, she had found the son-in-law who was to restore her to her former comfortable situation: what made her still more happy in her mind was, that her daughter must like the man as much as she did herself; he was not thirty, but so comely in his person, so well made, and so rich, that he had been surnamed the “King of Hops,” and that all such mothers as had girls to dispose of, always curtseyed very low to him wherever they met him, in hopes of getting the preference.

 No. 65.—Vol. X.


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Page:Smith - Number Stories of Long ago (1919).djvu/85

 THE QUESTION BOX

1. How could Caius have added the numbers XXVII and LXXXVIII without using calculi?

2. What were the calculi and what is the origin of our word “calculate”?

3. How could Caius have added the numbers XXVII and LXXXVIII by using calculi?

4. What did Roman schoolboys take to school to help them in performing their calculations?

6. What were the wax tablets of the Greek and Roman schoolboys, and how were they used?

6. What people computed with bamboo rods in ancient times, and later with a suan pan?

7. In what country did the people compute with rods made of bone? Where is that country?

8. How did Robert Record compute?

9. What is the origin of our word “counter” as used in stores?

10. What nations still make much use of the abacus?

11. What kinds of machines or instruments are used for purposes of calculating in many of the most civilized countries to-day?

12. Of all the different ways of calculating that have been mentioned, which would you rather use if you were multiplying one large number by another? 62


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 Number Stories, p63-illustration.png

“So you wonder how people multiplied numbers, do you?” asked the Story-Teller, as the Crowd marched into the room, and George put another log on the fire, and the Tease stood wondering how it happened that the story was coming so easily. “Well, you see they just multiplied, and that's all.”

“But how did they do it? That’s the question,” said the Tease. “How could anyone multiply with the Roman numerals, or how did anyone ever learn how to multiply, anyway?”

“When Ching was a boy no one could multiply at all,” said the Story-Teller.

“I wish I could have gone to school then,” said Fanny. 63


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NUMBER STORIES “There were n't any schools,” said Charles.

“So much the better,” remarked the Tease.

“As I have told you, those who did not go to school had to work all day, and how would you like that?” asked the Story-Teller.

The Crowd agreed that, after all, schools and multiplication and arithmetic were easier than digging and planting all day long, and so the Story-Teller continued:

“When Caius and Titus multiplied they did not use the Roman numerals; they used calculi, or counters, as they did when they added numbers. This story is too long, however, so I shall only tell you about the way in which the world learned to multiply as we do. Listen then to the story of Cuthbert (kŭth'bếrt) and Leonardo and Johann (yōhän').”

When Leonardo of Pisa went to school to the Moorish teacher on the northern coast of Africa, over seven hundred years ago, and learned how to write the numerals which we now use, the first great advantage that he found was in multiplying. Some of his boy friends in Pisa were probably using counters, or calculi, for this purpose, but his old Moorish 64


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Page:The Earliest English Translations of Bürger's Lenore - A Study in English and German Romanticism - Emerson (1915).djvu/65

 Taylor has in some respects surpassed Scott, and made what is on the whole the best version.

The next evidence that Scott's version of the Bürger ballad was highly esteemed is connected with the publication of Lewis's Tales of Terror and Wonder. As already noted Scott himself mentions the inspiration of Lewis's work in the Monk. In the spring of 1798 Scott's friend Erskine met Lewis in London, with the result that Scott was asked to assist him in his proposed compilation. In answer to Scott's offer of anything that he had, Lewis wrote a letter of thanks and later invited the author of William and Helen to dine with him in Edinburgh. Indeed, Lewis must have expected at this time to use Scott's poem, as shown by a letter in which he says: "In order that I may bring it nearer the original title, pray introduce in the first stanza the name Ellenora, instead of Ellen".

Why Lewis did not finally use Scott's poem is not clear, but a reasonable conjecture may be offered. Lewis was unusually free with his criticisms of Scott's verses, and caused the Scotch attorney to revise his Glenfinlas before it was accepted. It is to be inferred also from Lewis's letter that Scott had objected to making all the changes suggested. Lewis writes:

He then goes on to criticise Frederick and Alice, The Chase, and William and Helen. Scott made most of the changes suggested for the first two poems, but probably balked at making the more numerous ones in the last, after it had been once printed and so highly praised by his friends. At any rate William and Helen was not used by Lewis, and it remains today with all the faulty rimes and expressions Lewis pointed out. The latter, as we know, printed Taylor's first version in his Tales of Wonder, though without knowing the author.


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Page:กม ร ๘ - ๒๔๗๘ fixed.pdf/1131

 “article” means any movable property which may be used as evidence in a criminal case and includes a letter, telegram, or other document;

“docket” means any writing which is made by a court as evidence of all the details of a criminal prosecution in that court;

“record” means any writing which is made by an administrative or police official as evidence of an inquiry into a criminal case and includes the recording of a complaint or denunciation;

“custody” means restraint or confinement imposed upon an arrested person by an administrative or police official pending investigation and inquiry;

“detention” means confinement imposed upon an accused or alleged offender by a court.

The persons specified in sections 4, 5, and 6 have the power to represent the injured person in the following matters, subject to the conditions prescribed therein:

submission of a complaint;

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Page:The Earliest English Translations of Bürger's Lenore - A Study in English and German Romanticism - Emerson (1915).djvu/66

 Incidentally there should here be mentioned another edition of Scott's William and Helen, especially because of indirect consequences in Scott's life. In 1799, on a visit to Rosebank, James Ballantyne called upon Scott, and the latter suggested Ballantyne's printing of books along with his newspaper. Scott said:

This second printing of Scott's William and Helen is now one of the rarest of books. Yet it was to have an indirect effect upon Scott's whole after life, thus linking inextricably, though so disastrously, his earliest with his latest endeavors as a literary artist.

It is needless to say that Scott was the only one of these five translators of Bürger's Lenore to attain considerable fame as a poet, and even he withdrew from the poetic field as he began to succeed in prose fiction. Nor can it be said that this, his first poem to be printed, greatly encouraged him to give his life to writing verse. It was nine years before The Lay of the Last Minstrel delighted English readers. Yet the flattering reception of William and Helen by his friends, and the interviews with the popular author of The Monk, indirectly resulting from it, clearly had their influence on the shy Scotch advocate, the Sir Walter Scott who was to be.

We are now in a position to understand in detail the reason why the German tributary to English romanticism, as Professor Beers calls it, overflowed in five translations and seven versions of Bürger's Lenore during the single year 1796. The interest in Bürger, at least on the part of several, was clearly earlier than that year. William Taylor and Mr. J. T. Stanley had come to appreciate German literature from residence in Germany as early as


text:
Talk:Serugium

Source
https://archive.org/details/sixassembliesori00kasiuoft/page/16/mode/2up?q=serugium Rich Farmbrough, 16:31 26 September 2023 (GMT)

title: Talk:Serugium


text:
Page:กม ร ๘ - ๒๔๗๘ fixed.pdf/1132

 institution of a criminal case as a prosecutor or participation with a public prosecutor as a prosecutor;

institution of a civil case connected with a criminal case as a plaintiff;

withdrawal of the institution of a criminal case or a civil case connected with a criminal case;

compounding of a personal offence.

In a criminal case in which the injured person is a woman having a husband, the woman has the right to institute the case herself without having to obtain prior permission of the husband.

Subject to section 5(2), a husband has the right to institute a criminal case on behalf of his wife only upon having obtained express permission of the wife.

The following persons can represent the injured person:

the legal representative or custodian, only for an offence committed against the minor or incapacitated person under his care;

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text:
Translation:People v Guan Qingyuan (2020)

Guandu District People’s Court Kunming, Yunnan, PR China

Criminal Judgement

[2020] Yun 0111 Xing Chu No 2300

Prosecution Authority: the People’s Procuratorate of Guandu District of Kunming (the ‘Prosecution’).

The Defendant, Guan Qingyuan, male, born on 21 February 1987, Han Chinese, bachelor’s degree, is from Kunming, Yunnan, with household registration location in Guandu District, Kunming. On suspicion of committing the crime of picking quarrels and provoking trouble, the Defendant was criminally detained by the Guandu Branch of the Kunming Public Security Bureau on 27 June 2020 and formally arrested on 31 July 2020. He is now detained in Kunming Guandu Detention Centre.

Designated defence counsel: Li Hongchao, a lawyer with Yunnan Dianchuan Law Firm.

On 10 December 2020, the Prosecution filed the present case with this Court by the Indictment [2020] Guan Jian Yibu Xingsu No 1340 against the Defendant for the crime of picking quarrels and provoking trouble, and submitted the ‘Binding Declaration on Pleading Guilty and Accepting the Punishments’ to this Court. Upon receipt of this case, this Court then applied the ordinary procedure in compliance with the law, formed a collegial panel and held a public hearing of the case on 22 December 2020 in a courtroom of this Court. Assigned by the Prosecution, Prosecutor Cui Xuzhao appeared in court on behalf of the People to present the case. The Defendant and his designated defence counsel appeared before the court to attend the proceedings. The trial of the case has now been concluded.

The Prosecution alleges that, between March 2020 and June 2020, the Defendant, while residing at his residence in the Guandu District of this city, used his own mobile phone and computer, signed in to the overseas social app ‘Twitter’ many times with the help of some internet blockade circumvention technology, and repeatedly made public comments on and reposts of harmful information on the said social app that defamed the state leader, smeared the Chinese Communist Party and the Chinese government, and assailed the policies of the state in combatting the COVID-19 pandemic, severely undermining the national image and endangering the national interests.

The Prosecution holds that the Defendant has copiously disseminated information on an overseas web platform with the full knowledge that such information was fabricated false information that undermines the national image; his acts are sufficient to cause serious public disorder and, therefore, have violated the provisions set out in Article 293 of The Criminal Law of the People’s Republic of China, and thus he shall be held criminally responsible for the crime of picking quarrels and provoking trouble. Given that the Defendant has made a candid confession, pleaded guilty and consented to accept punishments, the Prosecution then suggests that a fixed-term imprisonment of not less than eight (8) months and not more than ten (10) months be given to the Defendant. The Prosecution has submitted such evidence to substantiate the charges as physical evidence, documentary evidence, witness testimony, the ‘Confession and Justification of the Defendant’, the ‘Extraction Record’, with audiovisual materials, and electronic data.

The Defendant has no objection to the factual charges, the name of the offence, and the sentencing recommendation, attested with signed statements, and did not contest during the court hearing.

The defence opinions of the designated defence counsel are as follows: The scope of influence of the Defendant was relatively limited, the societal harm caused thereof was relatively minor, and the defence counsel, therefore, suggests the application of public surveillance; the Defendant pleaded guilty and is willing to accept punishments; the Xiaomi computer, the 2 TB portable hard drive, and the Smartisan mobile phone distrained with the case are the personal property of the Defendant and are unrelated to this case, and therefore, shall be restituted.

Upon trial by the Court, the facts and evidence are ascertained to be consistent with the charges filed by the Prosecution. It was furthermore ascertained that, after the crime was committed, one (1) Pearl White RedMi Note 8 Pro mobile phone, one (1) black Smartisan Jianguo mobile phone, one (1) Xiaomi laptop computer, and one (1) yellow 2 TB portable hard drive were distrained from the Defendant. The aforesaid distrained articles are kept by the Guandu Branch of the Kunming Public Security Bureau. The Defendant was captured on 27 June 2020.

This Court holds that the Defendant has copiously disseminated information on an overseas web platform with the full knowledge that such information was fabricated false information that undermines the national image; his acts are sufficient to cause serious public disorder and have thus constituted the crime of picking quarrels and provoking trouble. The facts and the name of the offence charged by the Prosecution are established and are thereby confirmed by this Court. Regarding the defence opinion raised by the designated defence counsel of the Defendant, to wit, the Defendant pleaded guilty and is willing to accept punishments, it is confirmed to be consistent with the facts ascertained during the court hearing and conformant with related legal provisions, and therefore, is adopted by this Court. As for the defence opinion raised by the designated defence counsel, to wit, the scope of influence of the Defendant was relatively limited, the societal harm caused thereof was relatively minor, and therefore, the application of public surveillance is preferable, it is confirmed to be not consistent with the facts ascertained by this Court, and therefore, is not adopted. Given that the Defendant truthfully confessed to the main criminal facts of him upon apprehension, a lighter punishment can be given according to law. As for the one (1) Pearl White RedMi Note 8 Pro mobile phone, one (1) black Smartisan Jianguo mobile phone, one (1) Xiaomi laptop computer, and one (1) yellow 2 TB portable hard drive that were distrained with the case, since the existing evidence can only confirm that the Defendant used the Pearl White RedMi Note 8 Pro mobile phone in the commission of the crime, the Pearl White RedMi Note 8 Pro mobile phone, therefore, shall be confiscated, and the rest distrained articles shall be restituted. The sentencing recommendation provided by the Prosecution is appropriate and thus is adopted by this Court.

In conclusion, this Court, based on the facts, the nature, circumstances, the degree of societal harm of the crime committed by and the remorse shown by the Defendant, and in accordance with Article 293, Paragraph 3 of Article 67, and Article 64 of The Criminal Law of the People’s Republic of China, as well as Article 15 and Article 201 of The Criminal Procedure Law of the People’s Republic of China, hereby rules that:

I. The Defendant committed the crime of picking quarrels and provoking trouble and is sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of eight (8) months;

(The term of imprisonment shall be counted from the date of execution of the judgement; where the Defendant is detained on remand prior to the execution of the judgement, one day of such detention shall be credited as one day of the sentence, that is, the term of imprisonment begins on 27 June 2020 and ends on 26 February 2021.) and

II. The one (1) mobile phone distrained with the case, the Pearl White RedMi Note 8 Pro, is to be confiscated; the other distrained articles, to wit, one (1) black Smartisan Jianguo mobile phone, one (1) Xiaomi laptop computer, and one (1) yellow 2 TB portable hard drive, are to be restituted to the Defendant.

If the Defendant refuses to accept the present judgement as final and binding, a petition for appeal may be submitted through this Court or directly to the Kunming Intermediate People’s Court of Yunnan within ten (10) days commencing on the day following the day of receipt of this judgement. In case of a written appeal, one (1) original copy and one (1) duplicated copy of the petition shall be submitted.


text:
Translation talk:People v Guan Qingyuan (2020)

On the translation style and quality
Some pedantic, redundant, and bureaucratic sentence patterns can be widely observed in mainland Chinese legal documents. I will try to render the translation as close to the original as possible to convey its pedantic, redundant, and bureaucratic style. (This is important since some judgements were so vacuous that no other details were given apart from these pedantic, redundant, and bureaucratic sentences and structure.)

Some of the original documents contain syntactic or grammatical errors (by adding redundant parts, lacking necessary parts, or giving two or more semantically conflicting parts and such in the sentences). In the most serious cases, they have created such semantic obfuscation that made the sentence incomprehensible. In these situations, I will simply correct the grammatical errors in the translation to avoid confusion or try my best to provide the closest possible interpretation that is both semantically and logically sound based on my educated and prudential guess. (In addition, typos that existed in the original Chinese documents are automatically corrected and will not be reflected in the translation.)

It is also worth noting that the basic laws often cited in these documents were, in most cases, badly translated here on Wikisource—that is, if translations are present. Especially the Criminal Law—it was way out of date (missing all 11 amendments by now) and very poorly translated with some choices of words so wrong as to be hilarious. However, it would be a huge amount of work for me to re-translate the Criminal Law, the Criminal Procedure Law, as well as all those untranslated and yet frequently cited Interpretations. Therefore, it would be only wise for me to adhere to the current translations available, and sometimes it means I have to stick to their choices of words for consistency (and for better search results for readers) when they were not so ridiculously incorrect.

Assumed FAQs
1. The source of this document, please?

Most of these documents (in which most of them were judgements issued by courts) were once published by official websites like (and mainly was) China Judgements Online (Chinese: 裁判文书网)—the official archive website for judgements run by the Supreme People’s Court of China.

But all the documents of political offenders (i. e. ‘speech crimes’) were no longer available on those official websites.

The gradual disappearance of documents of political cases can be summarised as following stages:

From the very beginning, judgements of sensitive cases like those of ‘inciting subversion of state power’ (Chinese: 煽动颠覆国家政权) or any other ‘state security endangering’ cases were not published on China Judgements Online. Cases of ‘disturbing the working order of state organs’ (Chinese: 扰乱国家机关工作秩序) or ‘assembling crowds to disrupt social order’ (Chinese: 聚众扰乱社会秩序; often falls on those who assembled to ‘petition’) were also very likely not to be published in the first place. Only those judgements of some of the cases that fall under ‘picking quarrels and provoking trouble’ (Chinese: 寻衅滋事), ‘libel’ (Chinese: 诽谤), or ‘insult’ (Chinese: 侮辱) were published on those official websites for a time.

Starting from about midsummer of 2020, the website China Judgements Online began to hide those judgements of ‘picking quarrels and provoking trouble’ if the cases were related to political reasons. These hidden judgements cannot be searched by its own search engine on the website, but they can be navigated to if filters were carefully chosen on the left pane of the site and if you have the energy and the time to browse all the cases listed on the right. For these hidden cases, there will be an entry of the citation and the defendant’s name listed there, but no content of the judgement will be there if clicked, only a line that reads ‘other reasons that the court held not appropriate to make this judgement public on the internet’ (Chinese original: 人民法院认为不宜在互联网公布的其他情形) will be shown on the new page.

At the beginning of June 2021 (the process of cleansing had already begun a few months ago, but the date of the completion of cleansing was no later than 9 June 2021), the website China Judgements Online took another step to completely erase all the judgements of political cases; not even the citations can now be found on that website. In fact, they removed these records in such a hurry that they even did not have the time to identify which judgements of cases of ‘picking quarrels and provoking trouble’ were political and which were not; they just removed nearly all of them.

Other official websites (the ‘12309 China Prosecution Online’, run by the Supreme People’s Procuratorate, for example) will also remove Indictments of political cases if the Indictment was found by internet users and discussed in some online community.

Web pages of China Judgements Online cannot be archived using the Internet Archive due to its login wall—it requires a mobile number to register an account, and all activities on the website require signed-in status to continue.

Fortunately, some documents were saved by third-party websites or internet users. A Twitter account with the ID of @SpeechFreedomCN has been collecting these judgements of speech crimes since 14 October 2019, and there are now hundreds of judgements saved by them, dated as early as 2007.

Judicial documents fall under the public domain because they are exempted by Article 5 of Chinese copyright law. And Article 202 of the Criminal Procedure Law of China explicitly stipulated that ‘In all cases, judgements shall be publicly pronounced.’

'2. Why the ‘People v XXX’'' thing? I heard that mainland China is not a common law country?'''

True. But the Chinese authorities imitated the common law tradition in their official translations.

The courts in mainland China (especially the Supreme Court) and some prestigious law libraries followed a modified ‘British convention’ to name the cases when translating them into English. A virtual legal notion, the ‘People’, was constructed for criminal cases. And as with the R in all the British cases, this constructed notion of the ‘People’ cannot become the defendant. Therefore, if the defendant appeals, the name of the case shall then be rendered as ‘People v XXX (A)’.

This naming convention can be found both in the official case book series named ‘Selected Cases from the Supreme People’s Court of the People’s Republic of China’ authorised by the Supreme Court of China (and published by Springer), and on the website ‘www.lawinfochina.com’ (the official law library run by the Peking University Legal Information Centre).

3. Who translated it?

I did. But you are more than welcome to proofread it, as Wikisource is a place where we all contribute to.

4. Why are there subtle differences between different documents in those parts that should be identical?

Well spotted! You must be an exceedingly meticulous reader! The reason for the existence of subtle differences in certain parts that should be identical among different documents is attributed to the fact that each translation is a literal and faithful rendition of the original text. Consequently, these minor variations also exist in the original texts themselves. For instance, the inclusion or omission of references to cited legal provisions, the level of detail in citing those provisions, the presence or absence of a seal stating ‘This copy is verified to be identical to the original document.’ as well as the colour of the ink and the font style used for such a seal, are among the intricate details that may differ across jurisdictions and courts. Moreover, even certain standard phrases employed within the main text may exhibit variations depending on the specific jurisdiction or court involved.

Boreas Sawada 16:41, 26 September 2023 (UTC)


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18 Elsewhere a letter is needlessly aspirated. Thus దొర dora (ruler, lord) is always spelt ధొర dhora. The words గటి gatti, (strong) and బావి bavi (a well) are in like manner written ఘట్టి ghatti and భావి bhāvi.

It often is optional to use a soft or hard initial. Thus the word దోవ (a road) may be at pleasure spelt తోవ, త్రోవ, దోవ, ద్రోవ, tova, trova, dova, drova.

And, as here exemplified, many pure Telugu words have a liberty of adding R to the initial consonant. Thus కొత్త cotta (new,) may be spelt క్రొత్త crotta: and కింద kinda (under) may be spelt క్రింద krinda.

By “pure Telugu words” (అచ్చ తెమగు) grammarians intend such as are not derived from Sanscrit. The principles of Telugu and Sanscrit spelling are widely different: but it is requisite to explain both, the reader will observe that such rules as mention one of these languages do not apply to both.

As the letters of each class are mutable, the Telugu dictionary (not yet printed) is so arranged that the four first consonants of each వర్గం vargam or set, are mingled: just as I and J, or U and V were (with less necessity) mingled in our earlier English dictionaries. The various nasals remain separate.

The sounds of many consonants require no explanation. Thus

క K, గ G, చ cha, జ J, న N, ప, బ B, మ M, య Y, ర R, ల K, వ V, స S, హ H are pronounced (usually) like the English letters to which they answer.


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 1781. It is possible that the attention of the poet Pye had been turned toward Germany as early. As we have seen, William Taylor had made his translation of Bürger's famous poem as early as 1790, and another had been made but not published by some unknown writer even earlier. The influence of Taylor's version, while still in manuscript, had produced at least one imitation in the Arthur and Matilda of Dr. Aikin as early as 1791. Matthew G. Lewis had doubtless become acquainted with Bürger in one of his school vacations in Germany before 1794. At least when in that year he was writing his Ambrosio or the Monk, he certainly knew Bürger, for he imitated Lenore in his ballad Alonzo the Brave. The hearing of a couplet of Taylor's version, as it had been read in Edinburgh by Mrs. Barbauld in 1794, together with his later interest in the ballads published by Lewis in the Monk, led Scott to seek and read Bürger's poems. From the Lenore he made his own translation, called William and Helen, about the time when the London publishers were active with at least three other versions of this much translated poem.

But it is to Mr. J. T. Stanley that we owe the special activity, in publication at least, of this remarkable year. His translation, probably made as early as 1795, led Mr. W. R. Spencer to begin one to "improve" it, as it had led Lady Diana Beauclerk to prepare designs illustrating the poem. The hasty publication of Stanley's first version early in February brought the almost simultaneous publication of Taylor's translation, now known to have been written six years before, and Pye's version which may possibly have been prepared some years earlier. The former appeared in the Monthly Magazine for March, which was not printed until the last days of the month. The latter seems to have been issued on or near April first. Mr. Stanley's more deliberate issue, April 15, of his second version in handsome form with plates by William Blake was followed, probably in July, by Spencer's, embellished with the designs of Lady Diana Beauclerk. Meanwhile a few copies of Scott's William and Helen, prepared as early as April but independently of the English versions except Taylor's, had been put into print through his friends and, probably a little before the issue of Spencer's translation. It was published by Scott himself, with a translation of Bürger's Der Wilde Jäger called by


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 an ascendant, a descendant, the husband, or the wife, only for a criminal offence in which the injured person was fatally assaulted or is wounded to the degree of being unable to represent himself;

the manager or other representative of a juristic person, only for an offence committed against such juristic person.

In a criminal case in which the injured person is a minor without a legal representative or is an insane or incompetent person without a custodian, or in which the legal representative or custodian is unable to execute the duties for any reason, including conflict of interests with the minor or incompetent person, a relative or interested person may move to the court for appointing him as a representative ad litem.

Upon examination, the court shall, as it finds appropriate, appoint the movant or a different person with his consent as a representative ad litem. When there is no person to serve as a representative, the court shall appoint an administrative official as a representative.

No cost shall be demanded in respect of appointment of a representative ad litem.

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Rh ఖ kh as in park—house; ఘ gh as in log—house; ఛ chh as in coach—house; ఝ jh as in judge—Hale; ఠ th as in but—him, not—here; థ th (soft) nearly the same; ఫ ph as in up—here; భ bh as in abhor.

The capital shapes of the consonants are given in the alphabet. But some of them take another form when written beneath the lines. Thus క is the capital form and or  is the second form of K. Thus in the words లెక్క (an account) పల్కు palcu (a word) the form  is the second shape of K. Thus మ is M but the second shape is  as in the name మన్మథ Manmatha, (Cupid) or మర్మం marmam, a secret.

The following are the letters with their second shapes, some of which (as in బ B) are nearly the same as the capital shapes.

క్క క్ఖ గ్గ ద్ఘ, చ్చ, చ్ఛ జ్జ, జ్ఝ, ఙ్ఞ, ట్ట, ట్ఠ, డ్డ, డ్ఢ ణ్ణ or ణ్న త్త త్థ ద్ద ద్ధ న్న ప్ప ప్ఫ బ్బ బ్భ మ్మ య్య ర్ర ల్ల వ్వ శ్శ స్స.

In some of these combinations I have given the upper letter different from he lower (as క్ఖ) because the other combinations (as ఖ్ఖ or ఝ్ఝ) are not such as ought to be used, though they sometimes occur in writing.

The pronunciation of some consonants is peculiar. Thus చ cha and జ ja are sometimes softened into ça (or tsa, as in but-some) and z or ds (as in sword's-end). The softer sounds, ça and za, are peculiar to Telugu and the harder sounds cha, ja, originate in sanscrit. Nor can any Sanscrit word use the soft sounds.


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 In inquiring into, preliminarily examining, or trying a case in which the alleged offender or accused is a juristic person, a summons shall be issued directing the manager or other representative of such juristic person to appear before the inquiry official or court, as the case may be.

If the manager or representative of the juristic person fails to follow the summons, a warrant of arrest may be issued against him. But the provisions dealing with provisional release, detention, or imprisonment shall not be applied to the manager or representative of a juristic person in a case in which the alleged offender or accused is the juristic person.

From the time the charge is filed, the accused has the following rights:

to appoint an attorney to advocate him in the course of a preliminary examination or trial before the court of first instance as well as an appellate court and the Supreme Court of Justice;

to have private conversations with his attorney or a person who is to serve as his attorney;

to inspect the preliminary examination or trial file of the court and to make copies or apply for certified true copies thereof upon payment of costs;

to inspect things filed as evidence and to make copies or take photographs thereof.

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Rh


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20 Thus చంద్రుడు Chandrudu the moon చాకచక్యం chācachakiam brilliancy చొద్యం chodyam, marvel, miracle, give the hard sound of Ch. And జలం jalam water, జాలం jālam a net జూదం jūdam dice-play, give the hard sound of J.

The following words, being Telugu, give the soft sounds; చలం çalam anger చాచుట çāçuta to extend చోటు çōtu a place వచ్చుట vaççuta to come: which might be spelt in English letters tsalam, tsātsuta, tsōtu, vatsuta.

And the soft sound (dz) of జ is perceived in the Telugu words జబ్బు slow జాబు zābu, a letter or epistle. జోడు zōdu a pair.

The hard sounds, Ch and J are used in Telugu words only if the vowel is sharp: and the sharp vowels are ి I and  ె E whether short or long. Accordingly in the words చిప్ప chippa a plate చీమ chīma an ant, చీకటి chīkati, dark, చెప్పుట chepputa to say, చేరుట chēruta to arrive, జిలుగు jilugu small (as hand writing) జీడి jīdi sap, juice జెముడు jemudu the milk-hedge plant, the letter జ is sounded as J not Z.

In some grammars the marks ౧ and ౨ (1 and 2) have been placed over these letters: one denoting the soft sound, the other the sharp accent. But the principle is so easily understood that marks are superfluous.

In the rustic or ancient pronunciation the Telugus use the soft sounds alone. Thus we frequently hear the words చిన్న chinna, చెప్పు cheppu, జిలుగు jilugu, జెముడు jemudu pro-


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 Scott The Chase, in what is ordinarily known as the first edition during October. Finally Taylor printed, for the first time in separate form, a revised version of his translation in November or December. This, like Stanley's second version, was altered in some details, notably in a change of one stanza, suggested by the translation of Mr. Spencer. Thus are the seven versions of the five earliest English translations of Bürger's famous poem interwoven and interlinked with one another.

It is not easy to estimate the influence in England of these Bürger translations of the year 1796, at least as distinct from other German works of romantic cast which were then known. Yet the numerous references to the Lenore translations in Reviews, in biographies, and in letters, show that this bit of German verse had probably given more English people their first taste of German literature than all the translations that had preceded. Besides, his translation of Lenore was clearly of immense importance in the case of Scott, leading him into his first poetic period, that of ballad translation and imitation during 1796 to 1803. Indirectly, too, as has been often shown, Scott's first poetic effort was due to the yet unpublished version of Lenore by William Taylor. The reprinting of Scott's William and Helen in his collected works, after his fame as a poet had been established by the Lay of the Last Minstrel and its poetic successors, has made this version of Bürger more easily accessible and more generally known than any of the others.

That Stanley's version must have been read to a considerable extent is clear from the three editions which appeared so near together in the early months of the year. Mr. Spencer's edition also continued to be called for, partly no doubt because of the drawings of Lady Beauclerk, and it was issued in 1799, and again in 1809. Especially did it have its influence in stimulating Spencer to continue to write poetry, and thus to take at least a minor place among the poets of the early nineteenth century.

Yet of all these versions the most influential in its time was that of William Taylor. Not only was it to produce the imitation of Dr. Aikin before its publication, but it was to thrill the Edinburgh assembly of cultivated people when read by Mrs. Barbauld, and thus be carried by one of them to the young Scott. This was the version about which Lamb became so enthusiastic in his letter to Coleridge, already noted. This was known to Wordsworth, doubtless through Lamb or Coleridge, and a portion of it praised


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 of York. He built a cell at Beverley for retirement from his office of archbishop, which became a celebrated monastery (Beverley Minster, i.e. Monastery). He died May 7, 721.

St. Hilda embraced the Christian faith at the same time as her relation King Eadwine, through the preaching of St. Paulinus. She was afterwards trained by St. Aidan and founded many monasteries, becoming herself the Abbess of Whitby, where her counsel was sought by kings and princes as that of a woman of eminent piety and ability. She died November 12th, A.D. 680.

It will be observed that St. Hilda and St. John are represented with the Pastoral Staff, terminating in an ornamented crook: the other three Archbishops with their Crozier, a staff terminating in a cross.

The beautiful canopy work in these five lights brings out very prominently the intention of the figures being not to represent pictures but painted statues standing under sculptured canopies, the thicker lead being well made use of at the edge of each canopy to make it appear to stand out over the head of its figure. In the sides of the niches in which the figures stand are smaller figures of some of the Apostles: St. Andrew with his cross; St. John with the serpent issuing from his cup, symbolic of the tradition which makes him to have drunk the cup of hemlock intended for his death without suffering any harm from it; St. James with his pilgrim's staff.

The glass was executed by Messrs. Burlison and Grylls from Messrs. Bodley and Garner's designs, who have designed and been responsible for the execution of all the new glass throughout the Church. It is believed that stained glass was first used in churches in the twelfth century.

A Brass is inserted in the jamb of the window on the north side bearing the following inscription surmounted by the coat-of-arms of W. S. Stanhope, Esq., impaled with that of Mrs. Stanhope:

"This Window was erected to the Glory of God and in Memory of Elizabeth Julia, beloved wife of Walter Thomas William Spencer Stanhope of Cannon Hall Esquire by whom he had xi children, ix of whom survive to lament her loss.

title: Page:A History of Cawthorne.djvu/98


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 If the accused has an attorney, the attorney has the rights similar to those of the accused as stated previously.

A record must specify the place and the day, month, and year of its making, as well as the name and position of the official making it.

When an official makes a record because of having been ordered by a court or having been ordered or applied to by another official, the official shall state the receipt of such order or application and shall also indicate how it has been executed.

The official making the record shall sign his own name in the record.

A docket must specify the name of the court as well as as the place and the day, month, and year of its making. If the court makes a docket because of having been ordered or commissioned by another court, this shall be stated and how it has been executed shall also be indicated.

The judge making the docket must sign his own name in the docket.

The official or court shall read the record or docket to the statement giver. If there is a correction, objection,

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It needed but one glance at Miss Tandy's face to see that she had something of serious importance to communicate; that same glance showed, too, that whatever that something was, Miss Tandy had lost no time in hurrying to tell it. On all previous occasions whereon Wedgwood had encountered Miss Tandy she had always struck him as being remarkably prim and proper in her attire, as regarded her head-dress, her gown, and her foot-wear. But she presented herself to him and the inspector in a get-up which made Wedgwood immediately think of the days in which he had seen his own mother accoutred for that terrible domestic campaign known to English housewives as spring-cleaning. Miss Tandy's head was tied up in what was neither more nor less than a duster—a spotlessly clean duster, but still a duster. Her spinster-like figure was swathed in a gigantic pinafore of brown holland; a pair of old gloves protected her hands; her feet were encased in ancient list slippers. And—sure proof, not of abstraction, but that she had been


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arrangements ʿOmar might have made for a successor, had his end come less suddenly upon him, it is perhaps unnecessary to inquire. But some more definite choice he would, in all probability, have formed. We know that the perils of disunion hung heavily on his mind. The unbridled arrogance of the Arabian tribes at Al-Kūfa and Al-Baṣra, flushed with the glory and spoils of war, was already felt to be a growing danger; while family rivalries among Ḳoreish themselves had begun to weaken their hold upon the people. So much is plain, that (ʿAbd ar-Raḥmān excepted) ʿOmar saw no one amongst them endowed with sufficient power and influence to hold the reins of government; none, at least, so prominent as to take the acknowledged lead. Again, the mode of nomination or election proper to Islām was yet uncertain. Abu Bekr on his death-bed appointed ʿOmar his successor; but the higher precedent of Moḥammad himself, who when laid aside simply named Abu Bekr to lead the prayers, was of doubtful meaning. Had Abu ʿObeida survived, ʿOmar was known to say that he would have chosen him; but he was gone, and ʿAbd ar-Raḥmān would none of the post. Weak and faint from the assassin's dagger, the emergency came upon the dying Caliph unprepared. So, relieving himself of the responsibility, he fell upon the expedient of nominating the chiefest of the Companions, on one or other of whom he knew the choice must fall, to be Electors.

ʿOmar hoped, no doubt, that the successor thus chosen would have the unequivocal support of those who elected 195


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 suddenly taken so much aback as to completely forget that she held it—her right hand grasped a carpet-brush, which, all unconsciously, she waved vigorously at the two men as she hurried into their presence.

"Come with me!" exclaimed Miss Tandy. "Come with me—immediately!"

Wedgwood jumped to his feet; the inspector rose more leisurely.

"What is it, Miss Tandy?" he asked. "Something wrong!"

Miss Tandy continued to beckon them.

"Come!" she repeated. "I—I've found something! Something—it must be—to do with that!"

"The murder?" exclaimed the inspector, showing more interest. "What is it?"

"Come and see!" said Miss Tandy. "I haven't put a finger on it! I ran—straight away! Come and see for yourselves!"

The other men in the police-station and the folk in the street outside stared as Miss Tandy led Wedgwood and the inspector forth and round the corner to Handel Street—Miss Tandy paid no attention to the interest her odd appearance created. But as they reached the foot of the main staircase in her building she spoke again.

"Not being particularly engaged just now,"


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 she said, "I decided this morning to spend a day in cleaning my parlour—it's a thing I do twice a year, as opportunity offers. And in moving a certain piece of furniture I made a discovery—a horrifying discovery! An object! Without touching it I ran headlong to find you!"

"Very proper, ma'am," said the inspector. "An object, eh? Now what sort of an object Miss Tandy!"

For answer Miss Tandy swept her companions into the parlour, where the carpet was up, brown holland sheets over the furniture, and newspapers pinned about the curtains, and leading them to a corner wherein a bureau had been partly dragged aside, pointed to something that lay between it and the wall.

"That!" she ejaculated in a horror-struck tone. "That!"

The two men craned their necks, looking around and over the top of the bureau. They saw something that looked like a weapon lying in the dust below. Without a word Wedgwood pulled the bureau further into the room, and, stooping, picked up and held out to the inspector a short, sturdy-looking thing, one end of which was stout wood, the other a curved blade of rusty steel


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Page:NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE SURVEY 18; CZECHOSLOVAKIA; SCIENCE CIA-RDP01-00707R000200110012-0.pdf/18

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was inaugurated at Bolevec on 8 May 1970. This reactor, the SR-OA (Skoda Reactor OA) is light water-moderated and uses 10% enriched uranium fuel supplied by the U.S.S.R. This reactor is used for reactor physics research and to train nuclear reactor operating personnel.

The Czechoslovaks envisaged an extensive nuclear power program, and construction of the first nuclear power station, the A-1, was started in 1958 at Bohunice, about 35 miles northeast of Bratislava. The A-1 has a gas-cooled, heavy water-moderated reactor fueled with natural uranium with an installed electric power capacity of 150 megawatts electric (MWe). Although it was begun as a joint Soviet-Czechoslovak venture, over the years it became a Czechoslovak project. The Lenin Works was responsible for the design and construction of the A-1 nuclear power station, although the U.S.S.R. supplied the fuel and heavy water for the reactor. While the A-1 was originally planned for completion in 1961, a number of difficulties were encountered, and the reactor finally went critical in October 1972.

Czechoslovakia had planned to base its nuclear power program on the A-1-type reactor, and the Lenin Works established sections at Bolevec, Zatisi, and Vochov, near Plzen, for research on and development of nuclear power stations. However, plans for the construction of additional reactors of the A-1 type have been dropped.

In April 1970 an agreement was concluded between Czechoslovakia and the U.S.S.R. for Soviet assistance in the construction of two nuclear power stations in Czechoslovakia, with a total installed electric power capacity of 1,700 MWe. Each station is to have two pressurized water reactors of the Soviet Novovoronezh 400-440 MWe type. The first station is under construction adjacent to the A-1 at Bohunice, which the reactors expected to be in operation in 1977 and 1978. The second station is to be built near the hydroelectric power station at Dukovany on the Jihlava River. The two reactors of this station are scheduled to go into operation in 1979 and 1980. The U.S.S.R. will supply the primary plant—the reactors and primary circuits including steam generators—while Czechoslovakia will be responsible for the secondary circuits including pumps, turbines, and condensers.

Plans call for the construction of 10 additional nuclear power stations between 1980 and 1990, with the installed electric power capacity to be 5,000 to 7,500 MWe by 1985 and 12,000 to 15,000 MWe by 1990. It is expected that Czechoslovakia will manufacture at least part of the primary circuit for these reactors as well as similar components for export.

The nation is cooperating in the Soviet fast breeder reactor development program, and a group was established at the Bolevec site for this work. Construction of the fast breeder type reactors in Czechoslovakia is envisaged for some time after 1990.

The principal applications of nuclear energy to date are the use of radioactive isotopes in research, medicine, and industry and the production of nuclear-associated equipment. Isotopes are produced at INR or imported from other countries and are prepared for distribution by the Institute for Research, Production, and Use of Radioactive Isotopes, Prague. A number of industrial organizations are making use of isotopes and radiation for research, production, and process control and testing, and a sizable industry has been created to provide nuclear equipment, including the Chirana Works in Prague, which manufactures medical radiation therapy instruments.

Uranium ore has been mined in Czechoslovakia since 1946, and virtually the total production has been sent to the U.S.S.R. Several thousand tons of uranium are sent to the U.S.S.R. annually in the form of high-grade ore and concentrates. Vast uranium reserves are located in central and northwestern Czechoslovakia, amounting to well over 100,000 tons of uranium. Czechoslovakia had planned to use its own uranium resources to fuel its nuclear power reactors. In 1966 the Institute for Nuclear Fuels and a pilot plant for fuel fabrication were set up at Minisek. However, the U.S.S.R. is to provide the natural uranium fuel for the A-1 reactor and the slightly enriched uranium fuel for the four reactors being built under the terms of the April 1970 agreement.

4. Electronics (S)

Czechoslovakia has a strong electronics research and development capability compared with other European Communist countries, equal to that of Poland, but slightly behind that of East Germany. In all aspects of basic research, however, and applications in particular, Czechoslovakia continues to lag behind U.S. efforts by at least 5 years. Much emphasis is placed on acquisition of Western technology and equipment as a basis for improving this capability.

Czechoslovak and Soviet research and development are closely allied through bilateral agreements. The nationalized civilian industry and the Czechoslovak Army conduct all research and development within the framework of a 5-year program. Plans for the development of military equipment must be approved by both the Technical Council of the Ministry of National Defense and the Soviet Army Chief of General Staff. Approved plans must subsequently be

12

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 "A billhook!" he exclaimed. "And—see that?"

He pointed to a dark-hued patch on one side of the blade and shook his head significantly.

"Blood!" he said. "Blood!"

The two men and the woman stood for a minute in silence staring at this relic of a crime. Then the inspector took it out of Wedgwood's hand and went closer to the window.

"Don't know a tool of this sort by that name," he said. "Billhook, eh? Where do they call it that—I should have called it a wood-chopper! And what's it used for, where it's so called?"

"It's called a billhook in most country places," answered Wedgwood. "You see what it is—a curved blade of stout steel. They use it for lopping hedges, pruning, and that sort of thing. It could be used for chopping wood, of course. But billhook's what I've always heard it called."

"An old one, too, this!" remarked the inspector. "Edge blunted."

"Yes," assented Wedgwood. He took back the billhook, and began to point to it. "You see?" he went on. "All clean along the curved edge—clean of blood, anyhow. The murderer didn't hit Wraypoole with the sharp edge—he struck him with the back of this thing. That's


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 why the bloodstain is there, not along the edge."

Miss Tandy was listening, with parted lips and dilating eyes.

"You—you think that's what it was done with?" she asked.

"No doubt of it, ma'am!" replied Wedgwood. "Of course, the murderer slipped it behind your bureau as soon as he'd done what he wanted. Oh, yes, this is the weapon, for certain!"

Miss Tandy breathed a sigh of horror.

"And to think that I've gone on working in this room with that dreadful thing in it!" she exclaimed. "Of course, ever since that happened, my friends have done their best to persuade me to leave this flat, and to tell you the truth, I've never actually slept in it since the—the affair. But I've worked in it, every day—though I don't think I should have done if I'd known what was behind my bureau! At my very feet, as you might say! Ugh!"

Wedgwood was turning the billhook over and over.

"Not much chance of tracing the ownership of this thing!" he muttered. "It's an old one, to start with. Blade made in Sheffield—but lord, they make hundreds of thousands, millions, indeed, of such things there. It is yours,


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 of course, ma'am?" he asked suddenly turning on Miss Tandy.

"Mine!" shrieked Miss Tandy. "Good heavens, man, what are you talking about? I should think it isn't mine! Of course it isn't!"

"Some people keep a thing like this for chopping their firewood," explained Wedgwood. "I thought you might have had such a thing. Well, there's one thing certain, the—the murderer brought this with him! Therefore, he'd been carrying it about. With what object? To use it on John Wraypoole when the chance occurred. That's flat!"

"He could carry that in an overcoat pocket," observed the inspector. "Easy!"

"Oh, easy enough!" agreed Wedgwood. "It all fits in with what I've always said. Wraypoole was followed to this building by the murderer, who probably hung about when Wraypoole entered. When Miss Tandy went out the murderer came in, found Wraypoole alone in this room, struck him down, seized the manuscript, dropped this thing behind that bureau and made off before Miss Tandy could return. That's it!"

He picked up a newspaper from the floor and began to fold the billhook in it, Miss Tandy watching its disappearance with fascinated eyes.


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 or addition to the contents, a revision shall be made correctly or shall otherwise be recorded and the statement giver shall sign to confirm the correctness.

If the person required to sign the record or docket is unable or refuses to sign it, such incident shall be recorded or docketed.

A document made by a court or official, a complaint, a denunciation, an accused's reply, or a motion filed with an official or court, must be written in ink, or typewritten, or printed. If there is a mistake anywhere, it shall never be erased but shall merely be struck out and rewritten. The judge, official, or person who made such correction must sign his initials in the margin of the paper.

An omitted word inserted back to a document described in this section must be accompanied by the initials of the judge, official, or person who inserted it.

In conducting an inquiry, preliminary examination, or trial, the Thai language shall be used. But if it is necessary to translate the Thai language into a foreign language or a foreign language into the Thai language, an interpreter shall be employed to make a translation.

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 "If you can only find out whose property that is," she suggested.

Wedgwood gave her a benevolent glance.

"You do well to say 'if,' ma'am!" he answered. "You know the old rhyme about if's and but's and apples and nuts, I dare say? However"

He carried his parcel back to the police-station, where the inspector locked it up in company with the manuscript found in the street. And that done Wedgwood went to get his dinner at his favourite haunt, and after he had satisfied his appetite he smoked his pipe over a cup of coffee and gave himself up to thinking. The result of his thinking sent him down to Wandsworth Road, in quest of Thomas Wraypoole.

The oil and colour establishment of Thomas Wraypoole turned out to be a warehouse; above it were rooms evidently used as a private residence. The door of the warehouse was closed when the detective approached it, but there was another close by, and this, on his ringing its bell, was opened to him by a smart-looking young woman who eyed him narrowly as he raised his hat to her.

"Mr. Wraypoole anywhere about!" asked Wedgwood. "The warehouse seems to be closed."


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 "Mr. Wraypoole's out at present," replied the young woman. "But his apprentice is somewhere about. Is it anything I can do?"

"I want to see Mr. Wraypoole himself," said Wedgwood. "When is he likely to be back?"

"I couldn't say as to that," she replied, still watching him closely. "He's gone to the City, I believe, and he mayn't be home till late. Perhaps you can leave a message for him?"

"No, thank you," answered Wedgwood. "I'll call again some time. Doesn't matter about the name—I shall be looking in."

He went off along the street, conscious that the woman was watching him; there had been a close enquiry in her eyes and an inquisitiveness in her manner which made him suspect that she took him for what he was. He walked along wondering about this—and suddenly, well down the road encountered Thomas Wraypoole's apprentice, Stainsby.

Stainsby stopped, with a quick glance of recognition which swiftly changed to a look of enquiry. Wedgwood stopped, too.

"Hello!" he exclaimed. "You, eh?" He looked round and drew the apprentice aside into a narrow street that opened off the main road just there. "Just called at your place,"


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 he went on. "Closed, and Wraypoole not at home."

Stainsby was watching the detective in the same enquiring fashion as the housekeeper.

"Yes?" he said. Then, as if volunteering valuable information, he added. "He's out a good deal now—never knew him to be out so much!"

Wedgwood looked the apprentice up and down, considering him.

"Look here, my lad!" he said suddenly. "You've still got some suspicion about your master, haven't you? You had when you came to see me, you know!"

"I thought there were suspicious circumstances then, Mr. Wedgwood, and I think so now!" answered Stainsby. "Haven't changed my opinion—at all!"

"But you don't know any more?" suggested the detective. "You were to come and tell me if you found anything out—anything new."

"I can't say there's anything new," replied Stainsby. "Nothing positive! There's one thing I've noticed, though. Ever since that happened, Wraypoole's paid less and less attention to his business. He's left nearly everything to me. He's always out—most of the day he's out. And him and the housekeeper's out a good deal at nights, now—evenings, I mean.


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 I've the place pretty well to myself of an evening. It didn't use to be like that: he stuck to business well, did Wraypoole, before this affair, and he was rarely out at nights. Now he's in neither day nor night—till very late."

"Any idea where he goes?" enquired Wedgwood.

"I haven't! I don't know if she has—the housekeeper. Him and her's very thick now; I constantly see 'em talking together as if they'd some secret."

"Who is she—what's her name?"

"Mrs. Bowman," replied Stainsby. "She wasn't there when I first came; she's been there about nine months. She was wearing widow's clothes, then, but she soon left 'em off. I've had an idea that her and Wraypoole's thinking of getting married, but I haven't heard 'em say so."

"Um!" said Wedgwood. He stood for a moment or two, wondering if there was anything to be dug out of all this. Then he gave the apprentice a look that was intended to imply intense secrecy, and lowered his voice. "Look here, my lad!" he went on. "You can keep things to yourself as well as anybody, I'll bet! What?"

"If there's occasion," answered Stainsby, knowingly. "I can!"


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 "Well, here's a question I want to put to you—you'll not understand it, but you can answer it—I'll see you lose nothing by any help you give me. Now, I daresay you've a fair lot of old wood knocking about that warehouse—casks, boxes, such like, eh? And no doubt some of it's used for firewood, what? Just so—now who chops it up for firewood?"

"I do!" replied Stainsby, obviously surprised. "Why, Mr. Wedgwood?"

"Part of your job, eh?" continued the detective. "All right! What do you chop it up with, now?"

"A hatchet," said Stainsby. "What else?"

"Do you know what a billhook is?"

"Yes! Seen men trimming hedgerows with 'em in the country."

"Have you ever seen one, an old one, lying about at Wraypoole's? Have you ever had one in use there? Do you know if he had such a thing?"

But Stainsby shook his head.

"No! We've a couple of old hatchets—square-headed choppers, you know—in the wood shed, but I've never seen a billhook there."

"Well—keep what I've asked you to yourself," said Wedgwood. "And look here—if anything occurs, if you hear anything, or see


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 When an interpreter is present for translating a reply, testimony, or others, the interpreter must take an oath or make an affirmation that he will execute the duty faithfully and will not add anything to or remove anything from what he shall translate.

The interpreter shall sign the translation.

During the conduct of an inquiry, preliminary examination, or trial, if there arises a reasonable belief that an alleged offender or accused is insane and unfit to defend himself, the inquiry official or court, as the case may be, shall order a medical official to inspect him. Upon finish thereof, the medical official shall be summoned to state or testify how the inspection comes out.

In the event that the inquiry official or court finds that the alleged offender or accused is insane and unfit to defend himself, the inquiry, preliminary examination, or trial shall be stayed until he recovers from insanity or is fit to defend himself. In addition, [the inquiry official or court] shall have the power to commit him to a psychiatric hospital or entrust him to a custodian, provincial commissioner, or another person who is willing to take care of him as is found appropriate.

In the event that the court stays the preliminary examination or trial as prescribed in the previous paragraph, the court may order temporary disposal of the case.

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 anything that seems suspicious, don't lose a minute in communicating with me!"

He went off then, wondering what to turn to next. If only he could get a clue to the ownership of the billhook, or the merest notion as to the history of the diamond that he had picked up from the floor of Miss Tandy's parlour

"Pretty fog-laden atmosphere!" he grumbled. "Thick!"

He was feeling it just as thick and fog-laden when, at noon of the following day, Stainsby came hurrying to the police-station, evidently bursting with news.


text: The Mortover Grange Affair/Chapter 16

title: The Mortover Grange Affair/Chapter 16


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 could be for his life, and for aught I am convinced of to the contrary at present, with as much reason: it was indeed his strength—and his weakness too.—His strength—for he was by nature eloquent,—and his weakness—for he was hourly a dupe to it; and provided an occasion in life would but permit him to shew his talents, or say either a wise thing, a witty, or a shrewd one—(bating the case of a systematick misfortune)—he had all he wanted.—A blessing which tied up my father's tongue, and a misfortune which set it loose with a good grace, were pretty equal: sometimes, indeed, the misfortune was the better of the two; for instance, where the pleasure of the harangue was as ten, and the pain of the misfortune but as five—my father gained half in half, and consequently was as well again off, as it never had befallen him.

This clue will unravel, what otherwise would seem very inconsistent in my fa-


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 ther's domestick character; and it is this, that in the provocations arising from the neglects and blunders of servants, or other mishaps unavoidable in a family, his anger, or rather the duration of it, eternally ran counter to all conjecture.

My father had a favourite little mare, which he had consigned over to a most beautiful Arabian horse, in order to have a pad out of her for his own riding: he was sanguine in all his projects; so talked about his pad every day with as absolute a security, as if it had been reared, broke,—and bridled and saddled at his door ready for mounting. By some neglect or other in Obadiah, it so fell out, that my father's expectations were answered with nothing better than a mule, and as ugly a beast of the kind as ever was produced.

My mother and my uncle Toby expected my father would be the death of Oba-


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 diah—and that there never would be an end of the disaster.—See here! you rascal, cried my father, pointing to the mule, what you have done!—It was not me, said Obadiah.—How do I know that? replied my father.

Triumph swam in my father's eyes, at the repartee—the Attic salt brought water into them—and so Obadiah heard no more about it.

Now let us go back to my brother's death.

Philosophy has a fine saying for every thing.—For Death it has an entire set; the misery was, they all at once rushed into my father's head, that 'twas difficult to string them together, so as to make any thing of a consistent show out of them.—He took them as they came.

Tis an inevitable chance—the first statute in Magnâ Chartá—it is an ever-


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 lasting act of parliament, my dear brother,—All must die.

"If my son could not have died, it had been matter of wonder,—not that he is dead."

"Monarchs and princes dance in the same ring with us."

"—To die, is the great debt and tribute due unto nature: tombs and monuments, which should perpetuate our memories, pay it themselves; and the proudest pyramid of them all, which wealth and science have erected, has lost its apex, and stands obtruncated in the traveller's horizon." (My father found he got great ease, and went on)—"Kingdoms and provinces, and towns and cities, have they not their periods? and when those principles and powers, which at first cemented and put them together, have performed their several


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 evolutions, they fall back."—Brother Shandy, said my uncle Toby, laying down his pipe at the word evolutions—Revolutions, I meant, quoth my father,—by heaven! I meant revolutions, brother Toby—evolutions is nonsense.—'Tis not nonsense—said my uncle Toby.—But is it not nonsense to break the thread of such a discourse, upon such an occasion? cried my father—do not—dear Toby, continued he, taking him by the hand, do not—do not, I beseech thee, interrupt me at this crisis.—My uncle Toby put his pipe into his mouth.

"Where is Troy and Mycenæ, and Thebes and Delos, and Persepolis, and Agrigentum"—continued my father, taking up his book of post-roads, which he had laid down.—"What is become, brother Toby, of Nineveh and Babylon, of Cizicum and Mitylenæ? The fairest towns that ever the sun rose upon, are now no more: the names only are left,


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 and those (for many of them are wrong spelt) are falling themselves by piece-meals to decay, and in length of time will be forgotten, and involved with every thing in a perpetual night: the world itself, brother Toby, must—must come to an end.

"Returning out of Asia, when I sailed from Ægina towards Megara," (when can this have been? thought my uncle Toby) "I began to view the country round about. Ægina was behind me, Megara was before, Pyræus on the right hand, Corinth on the left.—What flourishing towns now prostrate upon the earth! Alas! alas! said I to myself, that man should disturb his soul for the loss of a child, when so much as this lies awfully buried in his presence—Remember, said I to myself again—remember thou art a man."—


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years before the beginning of the thirty-years’ war, a young artisan of Bremen, travelling to perfect himself in his trade, entered a little market-town, not far distant from the frontiers of the Netherlands, one evening after a long day’s journey. Every corner of the inn was already taken possession of by a caravan of waggoners: and the landlord, who thought, perhaps, he discovered something of the landlouper in his frank, care-defying countenance, advised him, without much circumlocution, to walk on to the next village. Our weary traveller had nothing for it but to take his bundle on his back again, muttering all the while curses on this hard-hearted publican between his teeth.

All of a sudden the host seemed to be seized with a fit of compassion. “Hark ye, my lad,” he cried, “upon second thoughts, I think I can stow ye away for the night. There is room enough in the castle there, it is not inhabited, and I have the key.” In this offer, which Frank (that was our hero’s name) gladly accepted, there was however more of the show than the substance of kindness. The knavish host had suspected the nature of the stranger’s complimentary expressions, and resolved to revenge himself by the agency of a roistering spirit which haunted the castle.

The residence of which he spoke stood upon an abrupt hill, which overhung the town, straight before the door of the inn, from which it was only separated by the road, and a small trouting stream. On account of its pleasant situation, it was still kept in repair and well furnished, and employed by its owner as a hunting-box. He used it, however, only in the daytime. As soon as the stars showed themselves, he marched out with all his attendants, to avoid the tricks played upon them at night by the ghost,—for by day it was quiet enough.

The sun had gone down, and a dark night set in, when Frank reached the door of the old building under the guidance of mine host, who carried a good supper and a bottle of wine in a basket. He had also brought along with him two candlesticks and a pair of wax tapers; for as no one dared to await the approach of twilight in the castle, all such movables had been discarded as useless. By the way, Frank cast more than one anxious glance at these costly preparations, for he remembered the low state of his finances. “The light in the lantern is enough to show me to bed, and I am too sleepy to be long of finding my way thither. By the time I awake, the sun will be up.”

“I will not conceal from you,” replied the host, “that there is a report of the castle’s being haunted. But never fear, you see we are within call if any thing should happen. The household will be astir this whole blessed night; and, after all, I have lived in the place for thirty years, and never seen any thing. I have heard noises to be sure, but they must have come from the cats and mice in the granary. In case of the worst, however, I have brought these lights, for we know that ghosts always shun them.”

It was no lie that he had never seen a ghost in the castle; for he had taken precious care never to set a foot in it after sunset. Even on this occasion, he kept on the safe side of the door, handing the victuals to his guest, describing the way to the state apartments, and galloping down hill to the eminent hazard of his neck. Frank stepped fearlessly into the deserted abode, firmly convinced that the story of the ghost was mere nonsense. He had been advised by a wise man, when he set out on his journey, never to believe more than one-half of what he heard, and experience had taught him to disbelieve the other.

Following the landlord’s directions, he mounted a spiral staircase, and reached a door which he opened with the key. A long sombre gallery, which echoed again to his sounding steps, brought him to a stately hall, out of which he passed by a side-door into a suite of apartments, furnished with the utmost luxury and elegance. He selected for his bedroom the most cheerful, from the windows of which he looked down upon the inn, and could hear every word that was spoken there. He lighted his wax candles, set himself to supper, and ate with the relish and composure of a nobleman of Otaheite. The big-bellied bottle guaranteed him against thirst. As long as his teeth were busied, he never once thought of the ghost. If at some distant noise timidity would cry “there it comes,” courage instantly answered, “nonsense! it’s the cats and rats battling.” But, during the half hour of digestion, terror whispered three anxious suggestions in his ear, for one answer that courage was able to frame.

He took care to shut and bolt the door before fear had completely mastered him, and sat down upon a seat in the bow-window. He opened the lattice, and, in order to dissipate the thick-coming fancies that were creeping over him, he looked to the skies, examined the physiognomy of the moon, and counted how often the stars were snuffed. The street beneath him was deserted, and, notwithstanding mine host’s story of the nightly bustle in his inn, the door was shut, the lights were extinguished, and every thing was quiet as a churchyard. The night-watch blew his horn, and filled the whole air with his sonorous voice as he announced the hour—so directly under the window, that Frank might have held a conversation with him, for company’s sake, if there had been any chance of the dignitary’s venturing to abide a challenge from so suspicious a locality.

It may be a pleasing recreation to philosophize on the pleasures of solitude in a populous city, full of bustle as a bee-hive, to represent her as the loveliest playmate of man, exaggerate all her most winning features, and sigh for her embrace. But in her native home, in some deep wood, or old deserted castle, where desolate walls and vaults awaken horror, and nothing breathes the breath of life save the melancholy owl—she is by no means the most agreeable companion for the timid night-wanderer, especially if he is in momentary expectation of a visit from a ghost. In such a situation, a conversation with the watchman from the window may have more attractions than the perusal of the most pathetic eulogy of solitude. Had Mr Zimmerman chanced to find himself in our hero’s situation, in Castle Rummelsburg, on the Westphalian frontier, he would have gained excellent hints for a much more interesting treatise on Sociality than that which, in all probability, some tiresome assembly set him to write about Solitude.

Midnight is the name of the hour at which the spiritual world awakes to life and activity, when grosser animal nature lies buried in deep slumber. Frank naturally preferred getting over that anxious period in his sleep; so he shut the window, made once more the round of the apartment, peeped into every nook and corner, snuffed the candles that they might give more light, and stretched himself upon the bed, which felt extremely soft to his weary limbs. He could not, however, fall asleep so soon as he wished. A slight palpitation of the heart, which he attributed to a degree of feverishness caused by the extreme heat of the day, kept him awake for a short time, which he employed in uttering a more earnest prayer than he had said for a long time. This exercise had its usual effect; it was followed by a sweet sleep. An hour


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 was I now obliged to carry on the joke, which during my life was a source of pleasure to me. Alas! my mischievous pranks soon drove every human being from the house. At long intervals only some stray pilgrim would pass the night here. I served them all exactly as I have done you, but none of them dared return the compliment, and free me from my slavery. The castle is now freed from my nightly pranks,—what a sleep I shall have! Again receive my thanks, young stranger. Were I the guardian of concealed treasures, I would freely yield them all to thee, but I was in my life nothing more than a poor barber. But listen to my prayer, and when you return to your home, get a couple of masses read for my soul’s sake.”

With these words he disappeared, having fully vindicated by his talkativeness his claim to the title of ci-devant barber to the noble master of Castle Rummelsburg. His liberator remained full of wonder at the strange adventure. He tried to persuade himself it was all a dream, but his bald pate was too decisive an argument to be called in question. Having made up his mind on this weighty matter, he crept back to bed, and, fatigued by his terror yet more than by his journey, slept like a top till next mid-day.

The treacherous landlord was stirring with the dawn, that he might not miss his opportunity of laughing in his sleeve at the stranger, under the pretence of condoling with him. By the time mid-day had arrived, he began to feel anxious: the ghost might have strangled the poor youth, or frightened him to death, and Boniface had never dreamt of stretching his revenge so far. He assembled the posse comitatus of his household, marched up to the castle, and made straight for the chamber, in the window of which he had observed the stranger’s light burning. He found a strange, old-fashioned key in the lock, but the door was barred within; this Frank had taken care to do immediately after the ghost’s departure. Mine host drummed on the door with a hubbub of feet, hands, head, and shoulders, that might have awakened the seven sleepers. Frank’s first idea, which crossed him as he rubbed his eyes, was, that the barber had returned. As soon, however, as he heard the landlord’s whimpering entreaty, that his guest would condescend to give a sign that he was alive, he collected himself, and opened the door.

The landlord clasped his hands above his head, with an affectation of astonishment. “By the whole regiment of saints! Redmantle” (the spectre was known among the inhabitants by this name) “has been here, and made a bald pate of you. I see now that the old story is no fable. Now, tell me, how did he look? what said he? and what has he done?” Frank, who saw through the speaker, replied: “The ghost resembled a man in a red mantle; what he has done you see; and what he said, that I remember well. ‘Stranger,’ said he to me, ‘trust no knavish landlord—the rascal down the way knew right well what was awaiting you. Farewell, I am quitting these quarters, for my time is out. I am now to change my character for that of a noiseless mischief-maker, and as for the landlord, I will tease him incessantly, nip his nose, pull his hair, sit on his breast like a nightmare, if he do not, in return for his treatment of you, allow free roof bield, and the run of his larder, until brown ringlets again twine themselves round your templestemples.’” [sic]

The host trembled at these words, made the sign of the cross in double quick time, and swore by the Virgin, to say nothing of a round dozen of saints whom he threw into the bargain, that he would board and feed our adventurer for nothing, so long as he chose to remain. He would have conducted him immediately to the inn, but Frank preferred the baronial apartments. A dare-devil from the town ventured to keep him company over night, and escaped the shaving which, in former days, would have been his reward. The owner of the castle, rejoiced to find it once more inhabitable, gave directions that the stranger should be well cared for.

When the grapes began to colour, and the apples to blush, Frank’s brown locks were again in a condition to be seen. He packed up his knapsack, and prepared for his departure. When he took leave of the landlord, that worthy led from the stable a stout roadster, duly caparisoned, which the lord of the manor presented to him, out of gratitude that he had driven the devil from his house. The gift was accompanied by a good fat purse, and, by their united aid, our hero in a short time reached his native town in good condition.

fourth of June was a busy day in our youth among the denizens of the school-yards. Nay, the scraping together and hoarding of money, and the preparation of our fireworks, kept us employed for weeks before—teaching each to unite in himself the qualities and industry of the merchant, the banker, and manufacturer. The division of labour had made little progress among our semi-barbarous community—a sort of feudal state, in which no


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 As regards any procedural matters which this Code fails to prescribe specifically, the provisions of the Civil Procedure Code shall be applied as far as possible.

The powers of courts, powers of judges, powers of public prosecutors, and powers of administrative or police officials for the implementation of the provisions of this Code must be governed by all the laws and rules which deal with the establishment of courts of justice and specify the powers and duties of their judges or which deal with the powers and duties of those public prosecutors or administrative or police officials.

Administrative or police officials have the power to investigate criminal cases.

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 A superior administrative or police official, district clerk, or police officer holding the rank of police sub-lieutenant or higher in whose jurisdiction a criminal case has occurred or is claimed or believed to have occurred or the alleged offender resides or is required to be arrested, has the power to inquire into such offence.

Subject to the provisions of sections 19, 20, and 21, when a criminal offence has occurred in the jurisdiction of any inquiry official, it shall generally be the duty of such inquiry official to take charge of inquiring into such offence for the purpose of prosecution. But when necessity arises or for the sake of convenience, the inquiry official of the locality where the alleged offender resides or is arrested shall take charge of conducting the inquiry.

In any locality where there are several inquiry officials, it shall be the chief inquiry official of such locality or his substitute who takes charge of conducting the inquiry.

In the following events—

it is uncertain in which of several localities a criminal offence was committed;

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text:
Author:Mary Ann Youatt

Essays

 * "Sketches of German Literature" (1844)
 * "German Literature" (1846)

Short stories

 * "The Pastor's Daughters" (1847)
 * "Aunt Fanny’s Reminiscences" (1847)
 * "The Bridal and Burial" (1847)
 * "Some Adventures of a Purse" (1847)
 * "Errors of Judgment" (1847)
 * "A Fiction Founded on Facts" (1847)
 * "New Year’s Eve" (1848)
 * "The Young Governess" (1848)
 * "Marian Wilmot: A Tale of the Day" (1848)
 * "Tales of the Passions and Sentiments: The Two Pictures" (1849)
 * "Tales of the Passions and Sentiments: The Wife and Mother" (1849)
 * "Tales of the Passions and Sentiments: The Wife of a Pseudo Genius" (1849)
 * "Recollections of Teniers" (1849)
 * "Tales of the Passions and Sentiments: Life’s Contrasts" (1850)

As translator

 * "The Monomaniac" (1844) by Peter Alexander von Ungern-Sternberg
 * "St. Bretache: The Surgeon’s Tale" (1845) by Honoré de Balzac
 * "Christian Wolf; or, The Progress of Crime" (1845) by Johann Christoph Friedrich von Schiller
 * "Fatal Curiosity" (1845) by Johann August Apel
 * "The Prince and the Peasant" (1845) by Friedrich Heinrich Karl de la Motte Fouqué
 * "The Contrabandist" (1845) by Georg Wilhelm Heinrich Häring
 * "The Bells of Ezentochau" (1845) by August Lewald
 * "Secret Influence; or, The High Road to Fame" (1845) by Heinrich Zschokke
 * "Faithful Unto Death" (1845) by Emilie Flygare-Carlén
 * "Tonela, the Village Beauty: A Tale of the Black Forest" (1845) by Berthold Auerbach
 * "Camilla; or, The Deaf and Dumb" (1846) by Emilie Flygare-Carlén
 * "Elizabeth and her Lovers; or, The Soldier's Secret" (1846) by Theodore Mügge
 * "The Young Poetess: A Sketch from Life" (1846) by Barbara Elisabeth Glück
 * "Imagination and Reality; or, The First Love" (1846) by Barbara Elisabeth Glück
 * "Quintin Metsis" (1846) by Hendrik Conscience
 * "Gerhard the Outcast" (1846) by Johann Wilhelm Wolf
 * "The Trials of Ambition" (1846) by Theodore Mügge
 * "Cimarosa" (1848) by Pier Angelo Fiorentino
 * "The Gräfin Gräfenheimb: A Tale of the Old Convents" (1848) by Carl Borromäus Cünzer
 * "The Firm of Reike and Son" (1848) by Theodore Mügge
 * "The Opera and the Church-Yard" (1849) by Theodor Hagen
 * "The Goldsmith of Augsburg" (1849) by Heinrich Friedrich Ludwig Rellstab
 * "The Story of a Life" (1849) by Ida von Hahn-Hahn
 * "Jean Bernard" (1849) by Marie Aycard
 * "The Rose-Leaf" (1850) by Emilie Dalbaret
 * "A Legend of Anvers" (1850) by Henri Berthand

title: Author:Mary Ann Youatt


text:
Author:Georg Wilhelm Heinrich Häring

Works

 * "Der Schleichhändler"
 * "The Contrabandist" translated by Mary Ann Youatt (1845)

title: Author:Georg Wilhelm Heinrich Häring


text:
Author:Anna Fuller

Novels

 * A Literary Courtship (1893)
 * A Venetian June (1896)
 * One of the Pilgrims (1898)
 * Katherine Day (1901)
 * A Bookful of Girls (1905)
 * The Thunderhead Lady (1913), with Brian Read

Short story collections

 * Pratt Portraits (1892)
 * Peak and Prairie (1894)
 * Later Pratt Portraits (1911)

As editor

 * Poems of Therese (1899)

Individual short stories

 * "An Amateur Gamble" (1894)
 * "At the Keith Ranch" (1894)
 * "The Blizzard Picnic" (1894)
 * "The Boss of the Wheel" (1894)
 * "Brian Boru" (1894)
 * "A Golden Vista" (1894)
 * "Jake Stanwood's Gal" (1894)
 * "The Lame Gulch Professor" (1894)
 * "Mr. Fetherbee's Adventure" (1894)
 * "A Pilgrim in the Far West" (1894)
 * "A Rocky Mountain Shipwreck" (1894)
 * "The Rumpety Case" (1894)
 * "A Stroke in the Game" (1894)

title: Author:Anna Fuller