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66 "Excellent news for him whom it concerns, you will, at least, agree, my dear governor."

"And at eight o'clock in the evening!"

"It is charitable."

"Oh! charity is all very well, but it is for that fellow who says he is so weary and tired, but not for me who am amusing myself," said Baisemeaux, exasperated.

"Will you lose by him, then? And is the prisoner who is to be set at liberty a high payer?"

"Oh, yes, indeed; a miserable, five-franc rat!"

"Let me see it," asked M. d'Herblay. "It is no indiscretion?"

"By no means; read it."

"There is 'Urgent' on the paper; you have seen that, I suppose?"

"Oh, admirable! 'Urgent!'—a man who has been here ten years! It is urgent to set him free to-day, this very evening, at eight o'clock!—urgent!" And Baisemeaux, shrugging his shoulders with an air of supreme disdain, flung the order on the table, and began eating again. "They are fond of these dodges!" he said, with his mouth full; "they seize a man some fine day, maintain him for ten years, and write to you, 'Watch this fellow well,' or, 'Keep him very strictly.' And then, as soon as you are accustomed to look upon the prisoner as a dangerous man, all of a sudden, without cause or precedent, they write, 'Set him at liberty;' and actually add to their missive, 'urgent.' You will own, my lord, 'tis enough to make any one shrug his shoulders!"

"What do you expect? It is they who write," said Aramis, "and it is for you to execute the order."

"Good! good! execute it! Oh, patience! You must not imagine that I am a slave."

"Gracious Heaven! my very good Monsieur Baisemeaux, who ever said so? Your independence is known."

"Thank Heaven!"

"But your good heart also is known."

"Ah! don't speak of it."

"And your obedience to your superiors. Once a soldier, you see, Baisemeaux, always a soldier."

"And so I shall strictly obey; and to-morrow morning, at daybreak, the prisoner referred to shall be set free."

"To-morrow?"

"At dawn."

"Why not this evening, seeing that the lettre de cachet bears, both on the direction and inside, 'urgent'?"

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 months, although these objects are free to drift around and their rotation periods are not constant. Professor Barnard, using the powerful Yerkes telescope, said that when seen under the finest conditions the appearance of the surface is more of a pasty nature.

The great oval-shaped spot mentioned above and famed as the "Great Red Spot" appeared in the southern hemisphere in 1878, or at least it appeared more distinctly on that date, for early drawings show that traces of it had been observed long before that. It was at first of a very strong red color and stretched above the equator for a distance of 30,000 miles. It is now of a delicate pinkish tinge, extremely faint but still visible.

The cause of this prominent marking is not known. It has been suggested that it might have been a gigantic eruption. Gigantic indeed, if it covered 30,000 miles! It also has a curious repellent nature, for all the belts and spots that come near it, instead of passing onto it or over it, seem to be forcibly pushed to one side and held at a certain distance until they have completely passed this whatever-it-is.

It has also been suggested that a new continent may be forming here, but the fact that this feature like other features on Jupiter's apparent surface does not seem to have a fixed position has caused it to be likened rather to a vast drifting island. This "vast drifting island" sometimes moves fast, sometimes slowly and sometimes remains perfectly stationary! The last suggestion was brought forward before the more or less irregular drift was noticed which seems to prove after all that it could not be a true part of the real surface of Jupiter.

If Jupiter were composed of materials as dense and solid as the earth, he would not be as large a planet as he now is. The materials of which this great world is composed are only about one fourth as dense as the earth or 1.25 as dense as water.

The axis of the planet is nearly perpendicular to the plane of

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

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 "Quite! I only do it on that condition." The artist tried to put the utmost contempt of the other person into his speech. He put a little too much.

"Better have me as a model at the same time," said Mellors. "Better do us in a group, Vulcan and Venus under the net of art. I used to be a blacksmith, before I was a gamekeeper."

"Thank you," said the artist. "I don't think Vulcan has a figure that interests me."

"Not even if it was tubified and titivated up?"

There was no answer. The artist was too haughty for further words.

It was a dismal party, in which the artist henceforth steadily ignored the presence of the other man, and talked only briefly, as if the words were wrung out of the depths of his gloomy portentousness, to the women.

"You didn't like him, but he's better than that, really. He's really kind," Connie explained as they left.

"He's a little black pup with a corrugated distemper," said Mellors.

"No, he wasn't nice today."

"And will you go and be a model to him?"

"Oh, I don't really mind any more. He won't touch me. And I don't mind anything, if it paves the way to a life together for you and me."

"But he'll only shit on you on canvas."

"I don't care. He'll only be painting his own feelings for me, and I don't mind if he does that. I wouldn't have him touch me, not for anything. But if he thinks he can do anything with his owlish arty staring, let him stare. He can make as many empty tubes and corrugations out of me as he likes. It's his funeral. He hated you for what you said: that his tubified art is sentimental and self-important. But of course it's true."


text: A narrative of travels on the Amazon and Rio Negro/Chapter 1


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 Ministry of Interior;

Ministry of Justice;

Ministry of the Royal Household;

Ministry of Economic Affairs".

The phrases "Chapters 5, 6, 7, 8, and 10" in the Reorganisation of Ministries, Subministries, and Departments Act, 2476 Buddhist Era, shall respectively be amended to be "Chapters 6, 7, 8, 9, and 11".

The following dispositions shall be inserted in the Reorganisation of Ministries, Subministries, and Departments Act, 2476 Buddhist Era, as Chapter 5:

The Ministry of Agricultural Affairs has the powers and duties relating to agriculture.

The public duties of the Ministry of Agricultural Affairs are divided into—

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 deep purple. The next time the two couples converged, the man spoke:

"Hello, cutie!" he exclaimed with a grin. "How about the next dance?"

Tony released his partner, snatched the little blonde out of the big man's arms and clouted the man solidly on the jaw, a blow so hard that it not only knocked the man down but slid him ten feet along the dance floor.

"Come on, kid, let's get out of this," snapped Tony and grabbed Vyvyan's wrist.

There was a small, seldom-used stairway that led up almost directly to their table. They hurried up and Tony beckoned frantically to the waiter.

"That was a grand sock you gave him, sir," smiled the waiter as he quickely added up the check. "And he sure had it comin' to him. But there's sure to be an awful row when he comes to. You know who he is, don't you?"

"No."

"Captain Flanagan."

"Oh, my God!"

Tony glanced at the check, then threw down a fifty dollar bill and rushed Vyvyan out of the place.

"Who's Captain Flanagan?" asked the girl as they raced away.

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text: A narrative of travels on the Amazon and Rio Negro/Chapter 2


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 "Chief of Detectives, and supposed to be the hardest-boiled man on the force."

"Do you suppose you'll have any trouble over this?"

"Well, it won't do me any good," retorted Tony grimly.

Four blocks away he slowed down to allow his rear guard to catch up to within half a block. Then when he saw the other car's headlights reflected in his side mirror he increased his speed again.

They drew up in front of Vyvyan's flat and she climbed out quickly. Then a car rushed past, spouting fire and bullets, and whizzed away into the night. Vyvyan screamed and turned back.

"Tony!" she called. "Are you hurt?"

He crawled up from the floor where he cautiously had thrown himself the moment he heard the highpitched song of the other machine's racing motor.

"No they didn't touch me!" he growled. "But it wasn't their fault. Lucky you were out of the car because there wouldn'ta been room for two on the floor Say, you got out in an awful hurry. Did you know anything about the arrangements for this little party?"

"Why, Tony, how can you say such a thing?"

"A man can say a lot of things when somebody's just tried to kill him."

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showed his teeth immediately. Monday noon a squad of detectives from the bureau burst into Klondike O'Hara's saloon, singled Tony out from the crowd lounging about and ordered him to come along.

"I know what this is all about," said Tony to the bewildered and apprehensive O'Hara. "And I think it'll come out all right. Anyway, wait a coupla hours before sending down a mouthpiece with a writ."

They took Tony straight to the detective bureau and ushered him roughly into Captain Flanagan's office, then slammed the door, leaving the two men alone. Flanagan rose and came around from behind his desk. He was a big man, broad and thick, with a belligerent jaw, a nasty sneering mouth and gimlet-like, bloodshot gray eyes that were set too close together.

"So you're the hoodlum that socked me at Ike Bloom's the other night, eh?" he snarled.

"Yes, sir," said Tony calmly. "And anybody

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 its motion, the inclination being only about three degrees from the perpendicular. Thus there is no great variety of seasons on Jupiter although his year is twelve times as long as our year. If his axis were inclined as much to his ecliptic as the axis of the earth, his polar regions would remain in darkness for six years at a time.

With a telescope magnifying thirty-three times which he had constructed himself, Galileo discovered the moons of Jupiter. Three of them were first seen on the 7th of January, 1610, and the fourth on the 13th of the same month. These moons, which are sometimes called the "Galilean quartet," were the first heavenly bodies which had not been known from time immemorial.

Delighted beyond measure, Galileo sent his drawings and an account of his observations to his patron Cosmo de' Medici, Great Duke of Tuscany, in honor of whom he called the moons the "Medician Stars." Equally anxious to show the world, Galileo set his telescope on the tower of St. Mark where the advocates of the Copernican system hailed them with joyful satisfaction for here was a miniature of the sun and its planets hung up in the heavens to demonstrate the truth of the new doctrines. But the stubborn followers of Ptolemy, viewing them argued that such pretended discoveries were absurd, and that since we had seven openings in the head—two ears, two eyes, two nostrils and the mouth, there could be in the heavens but seven planets. He had therefore either bewitched them or the telescope, for which they threw him into prison.

After the moons had finally been accepted as a fact, they were given the names of Io, Europa and Callisto, three lovely maidens of whom the great Olympian God was fond, and Ganymede, his cupbearer, although astronomers usually designate them as I, II,

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 else would have done the same. You would have yourself if somebody kept insulting the girl you were with."

"Is that so? Well, I don't imagine a hood like you would have a dame with him that could be insulted. So there!"

Without warning, he gave Tony a terrific back-hand slap across the mouth, a hard stinging blow that staggered the boy for a moment and made him draw in his breath sharply as he became conscious of the pain in his bruised lips. Then his eyes glinted with fury and his hands went up.

"Don't lift your hands to me, you punk!" snarled Flanagan. "Or I'll call in a dozen men from out there and have 'em beat you half to death with rubber hoses."

"You would," assented Tony bitterly. "You're the type."

"What do you mean—I'm the type?"

"Nothin'."

"What's your game, anyhow?"

"I haven't any."

"No? Well, you hang around with Klondike O'Hara's mob, and they're a bunch of bad eggs. Come on now, quit stallin'—what's your racket?"

"Nothing—in particular."

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 III (Ganymede) and IV, in order of their distance from Jupiter. Their orbits lie in the plane of Jupiter's equator and as that lies always in the plane of our vision, the satellites seem to swing back and forth in their journey around him, sometimes in one position and sometimes in another—sometimes all four on one side, sometimes two on one side and two on the other, or perhaps one of them will be hidden by the planet. They present a different aspect and relation to each other every successive evening and even in a few hours may be seen to change. Frequently these moons may be seen as bright spots against the surface of the planet or their shadows appear as conspicuous round black spots traveling along one of the colorful belts.

Ganymede, satellite III, is the largest of all known moons in the solar system, having a diameter of 3560 miles, actually exceeding the planet Mercury in size. Satellite I exceeds our moon in diameter by a couple of hundred miles, satellites III and IV by over a thousand miles.

Io, the satellite closest to Jupiter (named after the maiden who was transformed into a cow and chased to the end of the world), is a very swiftly moving satellite, traveling completely around its orbit in 1 day, 18 hours and 28 minutes. This means that it must move at the tremendous speed of 320 miles a minute! Our moon takes 27½ days or nearly a month to travel around the earth in an orbit of almost the same size, but the attractive force of our earth is so much less than the attractive force of Jupiter that our moon does not have to travel so fast in order to keep from being pulled down on its surface.

Europa's period of revolution is 3 days, 13 hours and 14 minutes; Ganymede's, 7 days, 3 hours and 43 minutes and Callisto's 16 days, 16 hours and 32 minutes.

In 1892 Professor Barnard discovered through the Lick telescope a moon closer to Jupiter than Io. This little moon is only

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text: A narrative of travels on the Amazon and Rio Negro/Chapter 4


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 "Well, what do you do for O'Hara?"

"Obey orders."

"Oh, a smart guy, eh?" sneered Flanagan. He slapped Tony again, then reached for his hip as the boy automatically lifted his hands. "Put down your hands, you thug. I'll teach you to have some respect for your betters. Come on now, what's your game—second-story, stick-up or what?"

"I never was in on a stick-up or any other kind of a rough job in my life," retorted Tony proudly.

"Well, just how do you get all these good clothes and the big car I understand you own?"

"I got ways of my own."

"I don't doubt it," agreed Flanagan with dry sarcasm, '"That's what I want to know about—these ways of yours. Come on now, and talk, or I'll have the boys give you a pounding you'll never forget."

"I wouldn't if I were you," answered Tony, his eyes and tone coldly menacing. "I might be a big shot in this town yet—and payin' you off."

"What do you mean—payin' me off?" snarled Flanagan. "Do you mean to say that I could be bought?"

"I don't see why not—all the other dicks can.

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Rh "Because this evening we are at supper, and our affairs are urgent, too."

"Dear Baisemeaux, booted though I be, I feel myself a priest, and charity has higher claims upon me than hunger and thirst. This unfortunate man has suffered long enough, since you have just told me that he has been your prisoner these ten years. Abridge his suffering. His good time has come; give him the benefit quickly. God will repay you in paradise with years of felicity."

"You wish it?"

"I entreat you."

"What! in the very middle of our repast?"

"I implore you; such an action is worth ten Benedicites."

"It shall be as you desire, only our supper will get cold."

"Oh! never heed that."

Baisemeaux leaned back to ring for François, and, by a very natural motion, turned round toward the door. The order had remained on the table; Aramis seized the opportunity, when Baisemeaux was not looking, to change the paper for another, folded in the same manner, and which he took from his pocket.

"François," said the governor, "let the major come up here with the turnkeys of the Bertaudiere."

François bowed and quitted the room, leaving the two companions alone.

CHAPTER VIII.

THE GENERAL OF THE ORDER.

THERE was now a brief silence, during which Aramis never removed his eyes from Baisemeaux for a moment. The latter seemed only half-decided to disturb himself thus in the middle of supper, and it was clear he was seeking some pretext, whether good or bad, for delay, at any rate, till after dessert. And it appeared also that he had hit upon a pretext at last.

"Eh! but it is impossible!" he cried.

"How, impossible?" said Aramis. "Give me a glimpse of this impossibility."

"’Tis impossible to set a prisoner at liberty at such an hour. Where can he go to, he, who is unacquainted with Paris?"

"He will go wherever he can."

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 th part as bright as the other satellites and is only 30 miles across.

In 1905 two other satellites were discovered by photography, still another in 1908 and another in 1914, making a retinue of nine satellites in all. These last two, which are very remote from the planet, were found to be revolving in the opposite direction from the other seven, which is from west to east, the direction that generally prevails throughout the heavens. Other exceptions to this rule are the outermost moon of the planet Saturn, the moon of Neptune and all four moons of Uranus. The ninth moon of Jupiter is about 15,400,000 miles from the planet and takes nearly 3 years to complete a revolution. Only 11 hours and 57 minutes for Barnard's satellite and nearly 3 years for the most distant one, is quite a contrast in periods. Although Jupiter's 5-hour night is rich in moons, he is not nearly as well supplied with moonlight as is the earth.

It has already been mentioned how, a Danish astronomer of the 17th century, discovered the finite velocity of light through the disappearance and reappearance of Jupiter's satellites within his shadow. This was later found true through direct experiment.

At least a peep at this mammoth and colorful world, with its bands and spots and swiftly moving satellites, should be the privilege of every man, woman and child.

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text: A narrative of travels on the Amazon and Rio Negro/Chapter 6


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 * 1) the Office of the Secretary to the Minister;
 * 2) the Office of the Permanent Secretary to the Ministry;
 * 3) the Department of Agriculture and Fishery;
 * 4) the Department of Irrigation;
 * 5) the Department of Land and Mineral Affairs;
 * 6) the Department of Forestry;
 * 7) the Department of Cooperatives".

The phrases "sections 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, and 21" in the Reorganisation of Ministries, Subministries, and Departments Act, 2476 Buddhist Era, shall respectively be amended to be "sections 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, and 23". Also, the phrases "section 18" in the Amendment to the Reorganisation of Ministries, Subministries, and Departments Act, 2477 Buddhist Era (No 2), shall be amended to be "section 20".

The dispositions of Chapter 9 of the Reorganisation of Ministries, Subministries, and Departments Act, 2476 Buddhist Era, and the Amendment to the Reorganisation of Ministries, Subministries, and Departments Act, 2477 Buddhist Era, shall be repealed and replaced by the following dispositions:

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text: A narrative of travels on the Amazon and Rio Negro/Chapter 7


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Rh that two persons had come in—Simeon and some strange man, the latter without a hat and wearing felt shoes.

Approaching her husband, Matreona instantly detected the smell of vodki. "Well," she thought, "it is just as I expected. He has been drinking on the way home." Her surprise increased when she noticed that his kaftan had disappeared, and that only her jacket was visible, while no parcels were to be seen in his arms. This fact, coupled with his silent and confused manner of entering the house, aroused the gravest fears within her breast. Matreona's heart misgave her, and she broke down completely. She believed that Simeon had lost his money drinking with some bad man, and had afterward brought the creature to his home. Matreona followed them into the room, and she saw that the man was a stranger in those parts, and that he was young and very thin. She saw also that he was dressed in their kaftan, but that no shirt was visible under it, and that the man was


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 rather than shunning human society, nestling in the bunk with you if the weather is the least chilly, and I fancy not averse to light; it is true they come out most at night, but then they distinctly like a bright light, and you can watch them in a tight packed circle round the lamp with their heads towards it, twirling their antennæ at it with evident satisfaction; in fact it's the lively nights those cockroaches have that keep them abed during the day. They are sometimes of great magnitude; I have been assured by observers of them in factories ashore and on moored hulks that they can stand on their hind legs and drink out of a quart jug, but the most common steamer kind is smaller, as far as my own observations go. But what I do object to in them is, that they fly and feed on your hair and nails and disturb your sleep by so doing; and you mayn't smash them—they make an awful mess if you do. As for insect powder, well, I'd like to see the insect powder that would disturb the digestion of a West African insect.

But it's against the insects ashore that you have to be specially warned. During my first few weeks of Africa I took a general natural historical interest in them with enthusiasm as of natural history; it soon became a mere sporting one, though equally enthusiastic at first. Afterwards a nearly complete indifference set in, unless some wretch aroused a vengeful spirit in me by stinging or biting. I should say, looking back calmly upon the matter, that 75 per cent. of West African insects sting, 5 per cent. bite, and the rest are either permanently or temporarily parasitic on the human race. And undoubtedly one of the many worst things you can do in West Africa is to take any notice of an insect. If you see a thing that looks like a cross between a flying lobster and the figure of Abraxas on

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Flutes of curious materialsWalking-stick flutesOrnamented flutesBöhm's crutchWard's TerminatorVarious other inventionsThe Giorgi fluteAutomaton playersDulon, the blind flautistRebsomen, the one-armed flautistHallet, the youthful prodigyHow to silence a flautist.

have been made out of some very extraordinary materials. The ancient Greeks and Egyptians often used the bones of animals and birds ("Sebi," "Tibia," and "Schwegel" all mean "leg-bone"), as certain savage nations do to-day. Animals' horns were also used, and there is in the Ashmolean Museum a remarkable specimen of such a flute found in an early Egyptian tomb, having some of the holes pierced in the solid end of the horn, apparently merely for ornament. Marble and jade has been used by the Greeks and by the Chinese. The Portuguese make flutes of terra-cotta and baked clay. A porcelain flute, said to have once belonged to Charles II., is still in existence; and flutes made of Dresden china are to be seen in the Museum of the Paris Conservatoire. Rossini possessed a flute-à-bec made of tortoise-shell, inlaid with gold. Ivory flutes


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 a Gnostic gem, do not pay it the least attention, never mind where it is; just keep quiet and hope it will go away—for that's your best chance; you have none in a stand-up fight with a good thorough-going African insect. Well do I remember, at Cabinda, the way insects used to come in round the hanging lamp at dinner time. Mosquitoes were pretty bad there, not so bad as in some other places, but sufficient, and after them hawking came a cloud of dragon-flies, swishing in front of every one's face, which was worrying till you got used to it. Ever and anon a big beetle, with a terrific boom on, would sweep in, go two or three times round the room and then flop into the soup plate, out of that, shake himself like a retriever and bang into some one's face, then flop on the floor. Orders were then calmly but firmly given to the steward boys to "catch 'em;" down on the floor went the boys, and an exciting hunt took place which sometimes ended in a capture of the offender, but always seemed to irritate a previously quiet insect population who forthwith declared war on the human species, and fastened on to the nearest leg. It is best, as I have said, to leave insects alone. Of course you cannot ignore driver ants, they won't go away, but the same principle reversed is best for them, namely, your going away yourself.

One way and another we talked a good deal of insects as well as fever on the, but she herself was fairly free from these until she got a chance of shipping; then, of course, she did her best—with the flea line at Canary, mixed assortment at Sierra Leone, scorpions and centipedes in the Timber ports, heavy cargo of the beetle andmangrove-fly line, with mosquitoes for dunnage, in the Oil Rivers; it was not till she reached Congo—but of that anon.

We duly reached Canary. This port I had been to the pre-

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 (also used by the ancients) and piccolos were quite common at one period, and Dorus possessed one with gold keys and mountings. It is still frequently used for the headjoint in Germany and Russia. Glass flutes are as old as Mersenne; many such were made in Paris by Breton, and by Laurent about 1806, and in London by Garrett about 1820. Papier-mache and even wax have also been tried, and one Gavin Wilson, a shoemaker in Edinburgh in 1789, says he made a flute of leather! A very peculiar flute, which combined a tobacco-pouch, made from a cocoa-nut and engraved canes, and which formerly belonged to an itinerant musician at Fez in Northern Morocco, was exhibited at South Kensington in 1872. The great John Bunyan when in gaol cut a flute out of the leg of his prison chair; it is a pity that this interesting relic has not been preserved.

In Mediæval Europe one form of flute was known as "Pilgrim staves," and is said (probably erroneously) to have been so named because they were used by the pilgrims to the shrine of St. James of Compostella; as Southey sings:

Walking-stick flutes were at one time quite popular, especially in France, where they were termed "


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18–19] $undefined$ with ( air); WR 36.1; Tan. B. I. 10 and 15; PRE 18; Shemuel 5, 55–56; Mishle 60; Tosefta Keritot (end); Mekilta (beginning).In most of the passages just quoted mention is made of two more views in addition to the one given in the text.According to one, the heaven preceded the earth (so Philo), while according to the second, the earth preceded the heaven.Joel, Blicke, I, 112, remarks that in these speculations we have an echo of the Greek theories appertaining to cosmogony.Recognitiones, I, 27, agrees with the later Rabbis that heaven and earth were created simultaneously.Comp. Konen 24, where the old view is still retained.Although created simultaneously, nevertheless the heavens were created by God’s right hand, and the earth by His left; PRE 18; Zohar II, 18b, 65b; comp. Luria, PRE, ad loc. At the very beginning God created the world to come, which He, however, hid, so that not even the angels could see it, then He fashioned this world; Alphabetot 97; comp. Isa. 64.4.  $undefined$ PRE 3.But in the older sources (BR 3.4; PK 21, 145b; WR 31.7; ShR 15.22 and 50.1; Tan. B. I. 6, and II, 123; Tan. Wa-Yakhel 6; Tehillim 27,221, and 104,440) it is the light emanating from God’s splendor, that was the beginning of all creation.The view that snow was the primeval component of the earth is mentioned only in PRE and in the sources dependent on it (comp. Luria, ad loc.), whereas ShR 13.1 maintains that the world was created of the earth found under God’s throne; comp, however, BR1.6 and parallel passages, where it is proved by Job 37.7 that the earth was created of snow.Zohar III, 34b, however, is directly dependent on ShR, loc, cit. As to the account of the creation in Konen 24–25, comp. Excursus I.It may also be remarked that the statement in ShR 15.22, according to which the light emanated from fire (of a heavenly kind) occurs very likely already in 4 Ezra 6.40, where  is based on the faulty reading instead of .It is however possible that 4 Ezra wishes to say the same as many of the Midrashim just quoted, according to which the primordial light was made of God’s splendor, in Hebrew “light from light.” Philo expresses this view in words similar to those of the Haggadah; comp. Freudenthal, Hellenistische Studien, 71; Weinstein, Genesis der Agada, 41.See also the following note.  $undefined$ BR 3.6, 11.2, 12.6, and 42.3; Hagigah 12a (only this passage and BHM VI, 59, give a detailed but rather obscure description of Tohu and Bohu comp. Joel, Blicke, I, 142); PR 5, 20a, and 46, 187a; EZ 21, 94; Tehillim, 97, 422.Comp, further ER 3, 14 and


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 vious year on a Castle liner, having, in those remote and dark ages, been taught to believe that Liverpool boats were to be avoided; I was, so far, in a state of mere transition of opinion from this view to the one I at present hold, namely, that Liverpool West African boats are quite the most perfect things in their way, and, at any rate, good enough for me.

I need not discourse on the Grand Canary; there are many better descriptions of that lovely island, and likewise of its sister, Teneriffe, than I could give you. I could, indeed give you an account of these islands, particularly "when a West Coast boat is in from South," that would show another side of the island life; but I forbear, because it would, perhaps, cause you to think ill of the West Coaster unjustly; for the West Coaster, when he lands on the island of the Grand Canary, homeward bound, and realises he has a good reasonable chance to see his home and England again, is not in a normal state, and prone to fall under the influence of excitement, and display emotions that he would not dream of either on the West Coast itself or in England. Indeed, it is not too much to say that on the Canary Islands a good deal of the erroneous prejudice against West Africa is formed; but this is not the place to go into details on the subject.

It was not until we left Canary that my fellow passengers on the realised that I was going to "the Coast." They had most civilly bidden me good-bye when they were ashore on the morning of our arrival at Las Palmas; and they were surprised at my presence on board at dinner, as attentive to their conversation as ever. They explained that they had regarded me at first as a lady missionary, until my failure, during a Sunday service in

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 ." Fetis, the musical historian, always carried one about with him. Flutes-à-bec of this description, with two keys, were made as late as 1800; but they were more usually transverse flutes. Mr. Rockstro describes one which consisted of two small flutes placed in a line and so arranged that two persons walking arm-in-arm could play duets on them; each flute had four wooden keys fashioned in imitation of the stumps of twigs. Other sticks had a flute at one end and a piccolo at the other, and some contained also a sword. Several specimens are to be seen in the Museum of the Paris Conservatoire, and they are still to be met with occasionally in slop-shops. Clinton had a flute-case made to resemble a closed umbrella. In the days of Nicholson ornamental head-joints and rings were much used, and Monzani made head-joints fluted like Greek pillars. Another curious feature in some early nineteenth century flutes is that although the tube is outwardly cylindrical it is inwardly conoidal. In some very modern flutes the wood or ebonite of the head-joint is thinned till it becomes a mere shell, and in others this is done to the entire tube. This is supposed to produce a sympathetic and beautiful tone more easily, but there is always a risk of breakage and of leakage of air.

Several strange inventions have appeared from time to time, none of which has ever become general. Böhm invented a curious moveable "crutch" for the purpose of obtaining a steady hold of the instrument and


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The Ministry of Economic Affairs has the powers and duties relating to economy.

The public duties of the Ministry of Economic Affairs are divided into—
 * 1) the Office of the Secretary to the Minister;
 * 2) the Office of the Permanent Secretary to the Ministry;
 * 3) the Marine Department;
 * 4) the Department of Trade Registration;
 * 5) the Department of Post and Telegraphy;
 * 6) the Department of Commerce;
 * 7) the Department of Railways;
 * 8) the Department of Science".

title: Page:กม ร ๘ - ๒๔๗๗.pdf/116


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 the Bay of Biscay, to rescue it from the dire confusion into which it had been thrown by an esteemed and able officer and a dutiful but inexperienced Purser caused them to regard me as only a very early visitor to Canary. Now they required explanation. I said I was interested in Natural History. "Botany," they said, "They had known some men who had come out from Kew, but they were all dead now."

I denied a connection with Kew, and in order to give an air of definiteness to my intentions, remembering I had been instructed that "one of the worst things you can do in West Africa is to be indefinite," I said I was interested in the South Antarctic Drift—I was in those days.

They promptly fell into the pit of error that this was a gold mine speculation, and said they had "never heard of such a mine." I attempted to extricate them from this idea, and succeeded, except with a deaf gentleman who kept on sweeping into the conversation with yarns and opinions on gold mines in West Africa and the awful mortality among people who attended to such things, which naturally led to a prolonged discussion ending in a general resolution that people who had anything to do with gold mines generally died rather quicker even than men from Kew. Indeed, it took me days to get myself explained, and when it was accomplished I found I had nearly got myself regarded as a lunatic to go to West Africa for such reasons. But fortunately for me, and for many others who have ventured into this kingdom, the West African merchants are good-hearted, hospitable English gentlemen, who seem to feel it their duty that no harm they can prevent should happen to any one; and my first friends, among them my fellow passengers on the, failing in inducing

title: Page:West African Studies.djvu/45


text: The Music of the Spheres/Chapter 13

title: The Music of the Spheres/Chapter 13


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 leaving the left hand free. A short pillar is fastened into the under side of the tube near the C hole, and the other end of it is fitted with a small cross-piece of wood, which rests between the thumb and fore-finger of the left hand, thus supporting the whole weight of the flute. But this cramps the action of the thumb. Capeller invented a moveable mouthpiece, which was highly praised by Carl Maria von Weber in 1811. This contrivance was placed on an oval plate fixed on the head-joint, and both it and the cork could be moved by a screw. Ward devised a somewhat similar patent tuning-head, which he called a Terminator and Indicator. The method of using it was as follows: "Place the ring at N opposite a number (on either side of the circle) corresponding to that which shows itself at the top of the slide at M. This moves the (cork) termination of the flute correspondingly." Notice the square mouth-hole.

One Charles G. Townley in 1808 invented a system of tuning levers, moved by the left-hand thumb, to


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 open or close the tuning-slide whilst playing. He also devised a mouthpiece to be attached to the end of the flute so as to enable it to be held straight downwards. W. Wheatstone (1820) patented a similar mouthpiece; and the idea seems to have taken the fancy of Bohm, who says that if he were a younger man he would make a flute that could be played like a clarinet. In 1896 this device was


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 me to return from Sierra Leone, which they strongly advised, did their best to save me by means of education. The things they thought I "really ought to know" would make wild reading if published in extenso. Led by the kindest and most helpful of captains, they poured in information, and I acquired a taste for "facts"—any sort of facts about anything—a taste when applied to West African facts, that I fancy ranks with that for collecting venomous serpents; but to my listening to everything that was told me by my first instructors, and believing in it, undoubtedly I have often owed my life, and countless times have been enabled to steer neatly through shoaly circumstances ashore.

Our captain was not a man who would deliberately alarm a new comer, or shock any one, particularly a lady; indeed, he deliberately attempted to avoid so doing. He held it wrong to dwell on the dark side of Coast life, he said, "because youngsters going out were frequently so frightened on board the boats that they died as soon as they got on shore of the first cold they got in the head, thinking it was Yellow Jack"; so he always started conversation at meal times with anecdotes of his early years on an ancestral ranch in America. One great charm about "facts" is that you never know but what they may come in useful; so I eagerly got up a quantity of very strange information on the conduct of the American cow. He would then wander away among the China Seas or the Indian Ocean, and I could pass an examination on the social habits of captains of sailing vessels that ran to Bombay in old days. Sometimes the discourse visited the South American ports, and I took on information that will come in very handy should I ever find myself wander-

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 by Signor Giorgi of Florence. His flute has no keys whatever (though they can be added to it), and has a mouthpiece fitted with a mouth-hole like the ordinary flute, but placed crosswise across the end of the tube.

Heckel, of Biebrich, has recently invented a small metal cap to be attached to the open end of the tube; this, he claims, increases the purity and beauty of the tone. Mollenhauer, another German maker, has produced a curious modification of the mouth-hole, which resembles that on the ancient flute found by Newton at Halicarnassus (see p. 23, ante).

D'Israeli in his Curiosities of Literature, and Hoffmann in his Serapion Brethren, both make allusions to an automaton flute-player constructed by Jacques Vaucauson, which was exhibited in Paris in 1738 and is thus described in D'Alembert's Encyclopédie Methodique: "A gigantic mechanical flute-player stood on a pedestal in which some of the works were contained, and not only blew into the flute, but with its lips increased and diminished


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Whereas the House of Representatives resolved that it is appropriate to transfer certain types of money from the 2477 Buddhist Era annual budget to be reset in a correct manner according to the necessity and manners of their disbursement;

Therefore, by and with the advice and consent of the House of Representatives, a great royal command is given that the following Act be enacted:

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 ing about the streets of Callao after dark, searching for a tavern. But the turn that serious conversation always drifted into was the one that interested me most, that relating to the Coast. Particularly interesting were those tales of the old times and the men who first established the palm oil trade. They were, many of them, men who had been engaged in the slave trade, and on the suppression thereof they turned their attention to palm oil, to which end their knowledge of the locality and of the native chiefs and their commercial methods was of the greatest help. Their ideas were possibly not those at present in fashion, but the courage and enterprise those men displayed under the most depressing and deadly conditions made me proud of being a woman of the nation that turned out the "Palm oil ruffians"—Drake, Hawkins, the two Roberts, Frobisher, and Hudson—it is as good as being born a foreign gentleman.

There was one of these old coasters of the palm oil ruffian type who especially interested me. He is dead now. For the matter of that he died at a mature age the year I was born, and I am in hopes of collecting facts sufficient to enable me to publish his complete biography. He lived up a creek, threw boots at leopards, and "had really swell spittoons, you know, shaped like puncheons, and bound with brass." I am sure it is unnecessary for me to mention his name.

Two of the old Coasters never spoke unless they had something useful and improving to say. They were Scotch; indeed, most of us were that trip, and I often used to wonder if the South Atlantic Ocean were broad enough for the accent of the "a," or whether strange sounds would ever worry and alarm Central America and the Brazils.

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 the tones which it forced out of the instrument, performing the legato and staccato passages with the utmost perfection. The fingering was also perfectly accurate." Another mechanical flute-player is mentioned in Thomas Amory's Life of John Buncle, 1756; Buncle (probably Amory himself) is described as playing the German flute, which he always carried about with him in a long inside pocket of his coat. He met with this automaton at the house of a Mrs. Fitzgibbons at Clankford, near Knaresborough, in Yorkshire. Here is Amory's description:

"In the apartment were two figures dressed like a shepherd and shepherdess. They sat on a rich couch, in a gay alcove, and both played the German flute. They moved their heads, their arms, their eyes, their fingers, and seemed to look with a consciousness at each other, while they breathed, at my entering the room, that fine piece of music, the 'Masquerade Minuet;' and afterwards several excellent pieces. I thought at first they were living creatures; but on examination finding they were only wood, my admiration increased and became exceedingly great, when I saw by shutting their mouths and stopping their fingers, that the music did not proceed from any organ within the figures. It was an extraordinary piece of clock-work, invented and made by one John Nixon, a poor man."

Several blind flautists have gained a considerable reputation. One named Joseph Winter lived about 1770. The most celebrated was Friedrich Ludwig


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[Composed at Este after Shelley's first visit to Venice, 1818 (Autumn); first published in the Posthumous Poems, London, 1824 (ed. Mrs. Shelley). Shelley's original intention had been to print the poem in Leigh Hunt's Examiner; but he changed his mind and, on August 15, 1819, sent the MS. to Hunt to be published anonymously by Ollier. This MS., found by Mr. Townshend Mayer, and by him placed in the hands of Mr. H. Buxton Forman, C.B., is described at length in Mr. Forman's Library Edition of the poems (vol. iii, p. 107). The date, 'May, 1819,' affixed to Julian and Maddalo in the P. P., 1824, indicates the time when the text was finally revised by Shelley. Sources of the text are (1) P. P., 1824; (2) the Hunt MS.; (3) a fair draft of the poem amongst the Boscombe MSS.; (4) Poetical Works, 1839, 1st and 2nd edd. (Mrs. Shelley). Our text is that of the Hunt MS., as printed in Forman's Library Edition of the Poems, 1876, vol. iii, pp. 103-30; variants of 1824 are indicated in the footnotes; questions of punctuation are dealt with in the notes at end of the volume.]

is a Venetian nobleman of ancient family and of great fortune, who, without mixing much in the society of his countrymen, resides chiefly at his magnificent palace in that city. He is a person of the most consummate genius, and capable, if he would direct his energies to such an end, of becoming the redeemer of his degraded country. But it is his weakness to be proud: he derives, from a comparison of his own extraordinary mind with the dwarfish intellects that surround him, an intense apprehension of the nothingness of human life. His passions and his powers are incomparably greater than those of other men; and, instead of the latter having been employed in curbing the former, they have mutually lent each other strength. His ambition preys upon itself, for want of objects which it can consider worthy of exertion. I say that Maddalo is proud, because I can find no other word to express the concentered and impatient feelings which consume him; but it is on his own hopes and affections only that he seems to trample, for in social life no human being can be more gentle, patient, and unassuming than Maddalo. He is cheerful, frank, and witty. His more serious conversation is a sort of intoxication; men are held by it as by a spell. He has travelled much; and there is an inexpressible charm in his relation of his adventures in different countries.

Julian is an Englishman of good family, passionately attached


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 For general social purposes these silent ones used coughs, and the one whose seat was always next to mine at table kept me in a state of much anxiety, for I used to turn round, after having been riveted to the captain's conversation for minutes, and find him holding some dish for me to help myself from; he never took the least notice of my apologies, and I felt he had made up his mind that, if I did it again, he should take me by the scruff of my neck some night and drop me overboard. He was an alarmingly powerfully built man, and I quite understood the local African tribe wishing to have him for a specimen. Some short time before he had left for home last trip, they had attempted to acquire his head for their local ju ju house, from mixed æsthetic and religious reasons. In a way, it was creditable of them, I suppose, for it would have caused them grave domestic inconvenience to have removed thereby at one fell swoop, their complete set of tradesmen; and as a fellow collector of specimens I am bound to admit the soundness of their methods of collecting! Wishing for this gentleman's head they shot him in the legs. I have never gone in for collecting specimens of hominidae but still a recital of the incident did not fire me with a desire to repeat their performance; indeed, so discouraged was I by their failure that I hesitated about asking him for his skeleton when he had quite done with it, though it was gall and wormwood to think of a really fine thing like that falling into the hands of another collector.

The run from Canary to Sierra Leone takes about a week. That part of it which lies in the track of the N.E. Trade Winds, i.e., from Canary to Cape Verde, makes you believe Mr. Kipling when he sang

title: Page:West African Studies.djvu/48


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 This Act shall be called the "Act for Transfer of Annual Budget Money, 2477 Buddhist Era (No 3)".

This Act shall come into force from the day of its publication in the Royal Gazette on.

The budget money shall be transferred in the manners hereafter stated:

a sum of 539 baht shall be transferred from the budget for domestic loans into the shares in the tree stump costs;

a sum of 5,000 baht shall be transferred from the budget for other shares into the budget for the Ministry of Defence;

a sum of 1,951 baht shall be transferred from the budget for the House of Representatives in the category of current expenses into the category of incidental expenses;

a sum of 300 baht from the budget for domestic loans, and a sum of 30,000 baht from the budget for the Office of the Permanent Secretary to the Ministry of Interior in the category of incidental expenses, shall be transferred into the budget for the Department of

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 Dulon (1769-1826), of Brandenburg, blind from childhood, who played in public at the age of ten, his tone and execution attracting much attention. Two years later he gave a concert in Berlin, and subsequently played duets with Tromlitz in Leipsic. In 1786 he performed at the English Court, and in 1795 became one of the Royal musicians at St. Petersburg. Dulon was a man of very considerable ability, and wrote several works for the flute and other instruments. Possessing a wonderful memory, he could learn a long concerto in a couple of hours, and at the age of forty he had a repertoire of over three hundred pieces. (For portrait see p. 204, ante.)

Several one-armed persons have been flautists, performing on flutes with special mechanism, the lower end being supported by a pillar attached to a table. Such a flute, descending to the low B, was made for Count Rebsomen in 1842, under the Count's own direction. Rebsomen had lost his left arm and his right leg in Napoleon's campaigns, and was subsequently connected with the French Embassy in London. The fingering of the left hand was replaced by keys placed between the holes for the right hand. These keys were opened by the second joints of the right hand fingers. The Count was an excellent performer, possessing considerable execution, and it is said that the audience would not have discovered from his playing that he had only one hand. One day he presented himself to Berbiguier in Paris, with his flute


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 under his solitary arm and demanded to play a duet with the virtuoso. The latter began to laugh, but on being pressed, consented. Rebsomen thereupon took out a little pole, screwed it on to the table, attached his flute to it, and proceeded to prelude. Berbiguier was so astonished at his playing that he not only played the duet with him, but actually dedicated the work (op. 46) to the Count. It may be noted here that Beckert has composed a flute solo entitled The Nightingale for the left hand only, in which he uses harmonics to produce notes otherwise impossible.

Karl Grenser (b. 1794) is reputed to have played the flute in public at the age of six. This, however, is beaten by Benjamin Hallet, who is said to have appeared at Drury Lane Theatre in 1748, dressed as a girl, when not quite five years old (he certainly does not look much older in his portrait), and to have played the flute there for fifty nights with extraordinary skill and applause. In the following year he appeared in public as a violoncellist. The General Advertiser of 1748-9 announced "by desire, a concerto on the flute by the child" to be played between the acts. In December 1751 he appeared in an entertainment entitled "The Old Woman's Oratory, conducted by Mrs. Mary Midnight," produced by Colley Cibber, and in November 1753 the advertisement of a programme of a concert at The Five Bells, New Church in the Strand, included "a solo on the little flute by Master Hallet."

It is said that an eminent solo flautist at a public


text: The Downfall of the Gods

title: The Downfall of the Gods


text:
Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 128.pdf/3201

Rh :(2) the assistance may be provided only in accordance with the regulations.

(k) —
 * (1) —In addition to assistance for planning projects, and in addition to the projects identified in subsection (e), and from amounts appropriated out of the Violent Crime Reduction Trust Fund, the Secretary may provide financial assistance to the States, not to exceed $15,000,000, for projects or combinations thereof for the purpose of making capital improvements and other measures to increase safety in urban parks and recreation areas, including funds to—
 * (A) increase lighting within or adjacent to public parks and recreation areas;
 * (B) provide emergency telephone lines to contact law enforcement or security personnel in areas within or adjacent to public parks and recreation areas;
 * (C) increase security personnel within or adjacent to public parks and recreation areas; and
 * (D) fund any other project intended to increase the security and safety of public parks and recreation areas.
 * (2) —In addition to the requirements for project approval imposed by this section, eligibility for assistance under this subsection shall depend on a showing of need. In providing funds under this subsection, the Secretary shall give priority to projects proposed for urban parks and recreation areas with the highest rates of crime and, in particular, to urban parks and recreation areas with the highest rates of sexual assault.
 * (3) —Notwithstanding subsection (c), the Secretary may provide 70 percent improvement grants for projects undertaken by a State for the purposes described in this subsection.

§ 200306. Allocation of Fund amounts for Federal purposes

(a) —
 * (1) —Amounts appropriated from the Fund for Federal purposes shall, unless otherwise allotted in the appropriation Act making them available, be allotted by the President for the purposes and subpurposes stated in this subsection.
 * (2) —
 * (A) —Amounts shall be allotted for the acquisition of land, water, or an interest in land or water within the exterior boundary of—
 * (i) a System unit authorized or established; and
 * (ii) an area authorized to be administered by the Secretary for outdoor recreation purposes.
 * (B) —
 * (i) —Amounts shall be allotted for the acquisition of land, water, or an interest in land or water within inholdings within—
 * (I) wilderness areas of the National Forest System; and
 * (II) other areas of national forests as the boundaries of those forests existed on January 1, 1965,


text: The Downfall of the Gods/The Revelation

title: The Downfall of the Gods/The Revelation


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 performance was once rendered incapable of playing by an enemy who stationed himself in a prominent position and noisily sucked a lemon all the time. The sight of the sucker's mouth puckered up by the sour lemon juice produced this strange result. I have not myself tried the experiment, but The Musical Record mentions that a scientist who was disturbed by a street band, paid a boy to suck a lemon in front of the flute-player. The band moved its position several times, pursued by the boy. At last the infuriated bandmaster struck the lemon from the boy's mouth, whereupon he began to howl and attracted a policeman, who inquired into the case and decided that the boy had a perfect right to suck the lemon in the public street.


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was displaying, gracefully, a sensible choice of things; but you only feel this outward bound to the West Coast. When you come up from the Coast, fever stricken, homeward bound, you think otherwise. I do not mean to say that owing to a disintegrating moral effect of West Africa you wish to pursue the other ways mentioned in the stanza, but you do wish the Powers above would send that wind to the Powers below and get it warmed. Alas! it is in this Trade Wind zone that most men die, coming up from the Coast sick with fever, and it is to the blame of the Trade Wind that you see obituary notices—"of fever after leaving Sierra Leone." Nevertheless, outward bound the thing is delightful, and dreadfully you feel its loss when you have run through it as you close in to the African land by Cape Verde. At any rate I did; and I began to believe every bad thing I had ever heard of West Africa, and straightway said to myself, what every man has said to himself who has gone there since Hanno of Carthage, "Why was I such a fool as to come to such an awful place?" It is the first meeting with the hot breath of the Bights that tries one; it is the breath of Death himself to many. You feel when first you meet it you have done with all else; not alone is it hot, but it smells—smells like nothing else. It does not smell all it can then; by and by, down in the Rivers, you get its perfection, but off Cape Verde you have to ask yourself, "Can I live in this or no?" and

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 to those philosophical notions which assert the power of man over his own mind, and the immense improvements of which, by the extinction of certain moral superstitions, human society may be yet susceptible. Without concealing the evil in the world, he is for ever speculating how good may be made superior. He is a complete infidel, and a scoffer at all things reputed holy; and Maddalo takes a wicked pleasure in drawing out his taunts against religion. What Maddalo thinks on these matters is not exactly known. Julian, in spite of his heterodox opinions, is conjectured by his friends to possess some good qualities. How far this is possible the pious reader will determine. Julian is rather serious.

Of the Maniac I can give no information. He seems, by his own account, to have been disappointed in love. He was evidently a very cultivated and amiable person when in his right senses. His story, told at length, might be like many other stories of the same kind: the unconnected exclamations of his agony will perhaps be found a sufficient comment for the text of every heart.


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Rh "’Tis exactly what I wished to do, monseigneur."

Aramis made a sign to the deaf and dumb driver of the carriage, whom he touched on the arm. The latter dismounted, took the leaders by the bridle, and led them over the velvet sward and the mossy grass of a winding alley, at the bottom of which, on this moonless night, the deep shades formed a curtain blacker than ink. This done, the man lay down on a slope near his horses, who, on either side, kept nibbling the young oak shoots.

"I am listening," said the young prince to Aramis; "but what are you doing there?"

"I am disarming myself of my pistols, of which we have no further need, monseigneur."

CHAPTER IX.

THE TEMPTER.

"MY prince," said Aramis, turning in the carriage toward his companion, "weak creature as I am, so unpretending in genius, so low in the scale of intelligent beings, it has never yet happened to me to converse with a man without penetrating his thoughts through that living mask which has been thrown over our mind, in order to retain its expression. But to-night, in this darkness, in the reserve which you maintain, I can read nothing on your features, and something tells me that I shall have great difficulty in wresting from you a sincere declaration. I beseech you, then, not for love of me, for subjects should never weigh as anything in the balance which princes hold, but for love of yourself, to retain every syllable, every inflection which, under our present grave circumstances will all have a sense and value as important as any ever uttered in the world."

"I listen," repeated the young prince, "decidedly, without either eagerly seeking or fearing anything you are about to say to me."

And he buried himself still deeper in the thick cushions of the carriage, trying to deprive his companion not only of the sight of him, but even of the very idea of his presence.

Black was the darkness which fell wide and dense from the summits of the intertwining trees. The carriage, covered in by this vast roof, would not have received a particle of light, not even if a ray could have struggled through the wroaths of mist which were rising in the avenue of the wood.

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text: The Downfall of the Gods/The Proof

title: The Downfall of the Gods/The Proof


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Oriental flutesChineseJapaneseEffect of the flute on animalsIndian flutesNose-flutesSouth American flutesThe love fluteAncient prejudicesThe Fathers and the Puritans.

flute is to be found all over the globe, and in a vast variety of form. The Chinese have quite a large assortment, grenerally made of bamboo, though one named the Yuti is made of marble. They are called by different names according to the purpose for which they are used. Many are blown through a lateral mouth-hole, especially those which contain the syllable ti in their name, as Ti-tzu. The Seiteki, which is very popular, in addition to its six finger holes, has another hole which is covered with a thin membrane of reed or paper in order to produce a buzzing sound (a device also found in the Siamese Klin, and in some early European flutes). It is often bound round with waxed silk to prevent it splitting, and ornamented with tassels attached to " dummy" holes near the end of the tube. Another Chinese flute called the Lung-ti is ornamented with dragon's heads and tails at the ends; this is used


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 you have to leave it, like all other such questions, to Allah, and go on.

We passed close in to Cape Verde, which consists of rounded hills having steep bases to the sea. From these bases runs out a low, long strip of sandy soil, which is the true cape. Beyond, under water, runs out the dangerous Almadia reef, on which were still, in '93, to be seen the remains of the Port Douglas, who was wrecked there on her way to Australia in '92. Her passengers were got ashore and most kindly treated by the French officers of Senegal; and finally, to the great joy and relief of their rescuers the said passengers were fetched away by an English vessel, and taken to what England said was their destination and home, Australia, but what France regarded as merely a stage on their journey to hell, to which port they had plainly been consigned.

It was just south of Cape Verde that I met my first tornado. The weather had been wet in violent showers all the morning and afternoon. Our old Coasters took but little notice of it, resigning themselves to saturation without a struggle, previous experience having taught them it was the best thing to do, dryness being an unattainable state during the wet season, and "worrying one's self about anything one of the worst things you can do in West Africa." So they sat on deck calmly smoking, their new flannel suits, which were donned after leaving the trade winds, shrinking, and their colours running on to the other deck, uncriticised even by the First officer. He was charging about shouting directions and generally making that afternoon such a wild, hurrying fuss about "getting in awnings," " tricing up all loose gear," such as deck chairs, and so on, to permanent parts of the, that, as nothing beyond

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text: The Downfall of the Gods/Notes

title: The Downfall of the Gods/Notes


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 solely in religious worship, and such ornaments are not permitted on mere secular flutes.

Most curious of all is the Hwang-chông-Tsche or Ch-ih, a transverse flute, with a lateral mouth-hole in the middle of the tube and finger-holes on each side of the mouth-hole. The number of finger-holes sometimes amounts to ten or more. This instrument, which was described by the French Jesuit, Pere Amiot, in 1780, is very possibly the earliest known side-blown flute. Prince Tsai-yu (1596) says it dates from c. 2200 In its original form it was open at both ends, but is now usually plugged in the middle, and additional holes are added at one end in substitution for those beyond the plug. The holes on the original form were placed at unequal distances from each end, and were uncovered alternately to produce the scale. (See Borde's Essay, 1780.)

The Japanese have also many varieties of flutes (called "Fuye"), and they claim that one, having seven holes, dates from 1000 Flutes are much used in the service in the Temple, each instrument having a name of its own, such as The


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 showers had happened, and there was no wind, I began to feel most anxious about his mental state. But I soon saw that this activity was the working of a practical prophetic spirit in the man, and these alarms and excursions of his arose from a knowledge of what that low arch of black cloud coming off the land meant.

We were surrounded by a wild, strange sky. Indeed, there seemed to be two skies, one upper, and one lower; for parts of it were showing evidences of terrific activity, others of a sublime, utterly indifferent calm. At one part of our horizon were great columns of black cloud, expanding and coalescing at their capitals. These were mounted on a background of most exquisite pale green. Away to leeward was a gigantic black cloud-mountain, across whose vast face were bands and wreaths of delicate white and silver clouds, and from whose grim depths every few seconds flashed palpitating, fitful, livid lightnings. Striding towards us came across the sea the tornado, lashing it into spray mist with the tremendous artillery of its rain, and shaking the air with its own thunder-growls. Away to windward leisurely boomed and grumbled a third thunderstorm, apparently not addressing the tornado but the cloud-mountain, while in between these phenomena wandered strange, wild winds, made out of lost souls frightened and wailing to be let back into Hell, or taken care of somehow by some one. This sort of thing naturally excited the sea, and all together excited the, who, not being built so much for the open and deep sea as for the shoal bars of West African rivers, made the most of it.

In a few seconds the wind of the tornado struck us, screaming through the rigging, eager for awnings or any loose gear, but foiled of its prey by the First officer, who

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 In one of the States on the east coast of the Peninsula there lived, some twenty years ago, a Râja who, though he was not the ruler of the country, was a man of exalted position and stood possessed of considerable power. This man owned much land, many cattle, several wives, a host of retainers, and a number of slave-debtors. Also his reputation for kindness of heart stood high among the people. This last fact is worth remembering, having regard to what I am about to relate. Native public opinion in no wise reprobated him for his share in the matter; which shows that when a Malay of standing bore the character of a brute or a bully he had earned it by the commission of atrocities for which simple people, like you and me, do not even know the technical names.

Upon a certain day a kris was stolen from this Râja, and suspicion fastened upon one of his slave-debtors, a man named Talib. As it happened, the fellow was innocent of the theft; but his protestations were not believed, and his master forthwith consigned him to the pěn-jâra, or local gaol. The tedious formality of a trial played no part in Malayan judicial proceedings, and nothing in the nature of the sifting of evidence was regarded as necessary. The stolen dagger was the property of a prince. The suspect was a man of no account. That was enough; and Talib went to gaol accordingly, the Râja issuing an order—a sort of lettre de cachet for his admission.

To European ears this does not sound very terrible. Miscarriages of justice are not unknown, even in


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128 STAT. 3178 :::: or purchase units approved by the National Forest Reservation Commission subsequent to January 1, 1965, all of which other areas are primarily of value for outdoor recreation purposes.
 * (ii) —Land outside but adjacent to an existing national forest boundary, not to exceed 3,000 acres in the case of any one forest, that would comprise an integral part of a forest recreational management area may also be acquired with amounts appropriated from the Fund.
 * (iii) —Except for areas specifically authorized by Act of Congress, not more than 15 percent of the acreage added to the National Forest System pursuant to this section shall be west of the 100th meridian.
 * (C) —Amounts shall be allotted for the acquisition of land, water, or an interest in land or water for—
 * (i) endangered species and threatened species authorized under section 5(a) of the Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1534(a));
 * (ii) areas authorized by section 2 of the Refuge Recreation Act (16 U.S.C. 460k–1);
 * (iii) national wildlife refuge areas under section 7(a)(4) of the Fish and Wildlife Act of 1956 (16 U.S.C. 742f(a)(4)) and wetlands acquired under section 304 of the Emergency Wetlands Resources Act of 1986 (16 U.S.C. 3922); and
 * (iv) any area authorized for the National Wildlife Refuge System by specific Acts.
 * (3) —Amounts shall be allotted for payment into miscellaneous receipts of the Treasury as a partial offset for capital costs, if any, of Federal water development projects authorized to be constructed by or pursuant to an Act of Congress that are allocated to public recreation and the enhancement of fish and wildlife values and financed through appropriations to water resource agencies.
 * (4) —Appropriations allotted for the acquisition of land, water, or an interest in land or water as set forth under subparagraphs (A) and (B) of paragraph (2) shall be available for those acquisitions notwithstanding any statutory ceiling on the appropriations contained in any other provision of law enacted prior to January 4, 1977, or, in the case of national recreation areas, prior to January 15, 1979, except that for any such area expenditures shall not exceed a statutory ceiling during any one fiscal year by 10 percent of the ceiling or $1,000,000, whichever is greater.

(b) —Appropriations from the Fund pursuant to this section shall not be used for acquisition unless the acquisition is otherwise authorized by law. Appropriations from the Fund may be used for preacquisition work where authorization is imminent and where substantial monetary savings could be realized.


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 civilized lands; and in semi-barbarous countries such things are, of course, to be looked upon as being all in the day's march. Unfortunately, however, a pěn-jâra in independent Malaya only resembles the prisons with which white men are acquainted in the fact that both are places designed for the accommodation of criminals. Some ugly things are to be read in the pages of "It Is Never too Late to Mend," but the prison described by Charles Read might rank for comfort with a modern work-house beside the gaol in which Talib was confined.

It was situated in one of the most crowded portions of the native town. It consisted of two rows of cages, placed back to back, each one measuring some six feet in length, two feet in width, and five feet in height. These cages were formed of heavy slabs of wood, set close together, with spaces of about two inches in every ten for the admission of light and air. The floors, which were also made of wooden bars, were raised about six inches from the ground; and the cages, which were twelve in number, were surrounded at a distance of about two feet by a solid wall made of very thick planks of hard wood, mortised firmly together. No sanitary appliances of any kind were provided; and though a prisoner, once placed in a cell, was not allowed to come out of it again for a moment until the necessary money-payment had been made, or until death brought him merciful release, the precincts were never cleaned out, nor were any steps taken to prevent the condition of the captives from being such as would disgrace that of a


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 stood triumphantly on a heap of them, like a defiant hen guarding her chickens.

Some one really ought to write a monograph on the natural history of mariners. They are valuable beings, and their habits are exceedingly interesting. I myself, being already engaged in the study of other organisms, cannot undertake the work; however, I place my observations at the disposal of any fellow naturalist who may have more time, and certainly will have more ability.

The sailor officer (Nauta pelagius vel officinalis) is metamorphic. The stage at which the specimen you may be observing has arrived is easily determined by the band of galoon round his coat cuff; in the English form the number of gold stripes increasing in direct ratio with rank. The galoon markings of the foreign species are frequently merely decorative, and in many foreign varieties only conditioned by the extent of surface available to display them and the ability of the individual to acquire the galoon wherewith to decorate himself.

The English third officer, you will find, has one stripe, the second two, the first three, and the imago, or captain, four, the upper one having a triumphant twist at the top.

You may observe, perhaps, about the ship sub-varieties, having a red velvet, or a white or blue velvet band on the coat cuff; these are respectively the Doctor, Purser, and Chief engineer; but with these sub-varieties I will not deal now, they are not essentially marine organisms, but akin to the amphibia.

The metamorphosis is as clearly marked in the individual as in the physical characteristics. A third officer is a hard-working individual who has to do any

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 , etc. Their side-blown flute is termed Yoko-fuyé, or Shinobuye; it was originally made of a monkey's bone, but latterly of bamboo. The Japanese cover the holes with the second joint of the fingers, and they sometimes bore the finger-holes obliquely, probably to enable the player to modify the pitch of the note. Their idea of the balance of tone seems to be rather peculiar; thus in a picture in Siebold's Nippon (ii.) there are six instruments of percussion to a solitary flute!

The Japanese have a curious legend about the flute. A famous performer hid himself in a cave to avoid the consequences of a crime. Presently an immense serpent appeared, whereupon the criminal began to play upon his flute (his requiem, I suppose). The serpent thereupon stopped, appeared to listen with pleasure, and after a while withdrew, leaving the player unharmed. The Japs believe that the flute has power to charm serpents. Certainly in India this would seem to be the case. Chateaubriand (Autobiography, ii. 9) speaks of a Canadian rattlesnake that was fascinated by the notes of a flute, and Sir W. Jones says that the most venomous and malignant snakes leave their holes on hearing a flute, and appear to take delight in it. Some animals are peculiarly fond of the sound of a flute. The ancient Greeks used it to entice certain kinds of crabs out of their hiding-places. Horapollon says that the turtle-dove and the roe-buck allow themselves to be easily captured by its means. Dogs as a


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 wild beast in a small travelling menagerie. The space before the floor and the ground, and the interval which separated the cells from the wooden walls set so close about them, was one seething, writhing mass of putrefaction. Here in the tropics, under a brazen sun, all unclean things turn to putrid. filthy life within the hour; and in a Malayan pěn-jâra, wither no breath of wind could penetrate, the atmosphere was heavy with the fumes bred of the rottenness of years, and the reeking pungency of offal that was new.

This, then, was the place of confinement to which Talib was condemned; nor did his agonies end here. for the gnawing pangs of hunger were added to his other sufferings. He was handed over to the gentle care of the pĕr-tanda, or executioner—an official who, in the independent Malay States, united the kindly office of life-taker and official torturer with the hardly more humnane post of gaoler. This man, like most of his fellows, had been chosen in the beginning on account of his great physical strength and an indifference to the sight of pain which was remarkable even among an insensible people; and the calling which he had pursued for years had endowed the natural brutality of his character with an abnormal ferocity. He was, moreover, an official of the ancient East—a class of worthies who require more supervision to restrain them from pilfering than do even the Chinese coolies in a gold mine, where the precious metal winks at you in the flickering candlelight. Needless to say, the higher state officials were not so


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, Third Edition commercial distribution, such as feature films. A preregistration is not the same as registration and the vast majority of would not benefit from this service. Applicants should reflect carefully on whether preregistration is necessary in a specific case. For more information on preregistration, see.

202.3 Registration Distinguished from Recordation

and are two separate procedures:  to copyright are registered, while documents related to copyright claims, such as agreements to  or grant a mortgage in copyrights, are recorded. As discussed in, an must submit an application, deposit copy(ies), and a  to register a claim to copyright, and together these items are the primary source of information for the claim. As a general rule, the applicant does not need to submit additional documents substantiating the information provided in these materials.

Registering a claim to copyright is not a substitute for recording a document with the U.S. Copyright Office, and recording a document is not a substitute for registering a claim to copyright. See 17 U.S.C. § 205. For a detailed discussion of the practices and procedures for recording a document with the Office, see.

203 Timing of Registration

Registration may be made at any time before the copyright has entered the. See 17 U.S.C. §§ 302–305 and 408(a). Generally speaking, a copyrighted work enters the public domain in the United States when “its full copyright term has expired.” Golan v. Holder, 132 S. Ct. 873, 878 (2012).

Although registration may be made at any time before a copyright expires or any time before bringing an action in federal court, the U.S. Copyright Office strongly encourages copyright owners to submit their works for registration in a timely manner. As discussed in, a registration is a prerequisite for seeking statutory damages and attorney’s fees in an infringement action. To pursue these remedies, an work must be registered before the infringement occurs, while a  work must be registered within three months after  or before the infringement occurs. See 17 U.S.C. § 412. Moreover, if the work is registered before or within five years after the work is first published, the registration constitutes prima facie evidence of the validity of the copyright and the facts stated in the.

204 Required Elements for Registration

To register a to copyright, an  must submit the following items to the U.S. Copyright Office: Chapter 200 : 7
 * Completed application;
 * Full filing fee; and


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 forgetful of their dignity, or so lost to a sense of propriety, as to pry into the doings of a mere executioner; so the pĕr-tanda enjoyed to the full the advantages of a free hand. During the months of the year when the mouth of the river was accessible to native craft he had the right to collect dues of rice and fish from all vessels and fishing-boats using the harbour; but during the "close season," when the northeast monsoon was raging, no allowance of any kind was made to him for the board of the prisoners in his charge. In these circumstances, since a pěr-tanda is not a philanthropical institution, it was only natural that he should pervert to his own use, and sell to all comers, the collections which he made during the open season, so that his household might not be without a sufficiency of rice and raiment during the dreary six months that the hatches were down for the monsoon. Death from slow and lingering starvation was, therefore, a by no means uncommon incident in the pěn-jâra; and one of Talib's earliest experiences was to witness the last agonies of a fellow-captive in an adjoining cell, who came from upcountry, knew no one in the capital, and so had died painfully of gradual inanition. Talib himself was a trifle more fortunate, for food was daily brought to him by a girl who had been his sweetheart before his trouble fell upon him; and though his hunger-pangs could not be wholly allayed by such slender doles as she contrived to save for him from her own ration of rice and fish, he, for the time, was not exposed to actual danger of death from want. But always he


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 was tortured by fear. He knew that the horror of his surroundings was growing upon the girl; that each visit demanded of her a new and a stronger effort, that other men were wooing her; and that sooner or later she would turn to them, and thrust from her mind the memory of the loathesome creature into which he knew himself to be rapidly degenerating. In that hour he would be robbed alike of his love and of his daily food.

The prisoner in the cage on Talib's left was little more than a skeleton when the latter first entered the gaol. He lay huddled up in a corner, with his hands pressed against his sunken stomach and the sharp angles of his bones peeping through his bed-sores—motionless, miserable, and utterly degraded, but stirred to a sort of frenzy, now and again, by the sight or smell of cooked food. Talib saved a small portion of his own insufficient meal for this man, for he was new to the prison, and had not yet acquired the brutal selfishness and indifference that characterized the other inmates; but the poor wretch was already too far gone for any such tardy aid to avail to save him. Though he snatched avidly at the stuff which Talib passed, in grudging handfuls, through the bars of his cell, it was with difficulty that he could swallow a grain of it. When, too, a little had at last been forced down his shrunken gullet his enfeebled stomach rejected it, and violent spasms and vomitings ensued, which seemed to rend his stricken frame much as a fierce gust of wind rips through the palm-leaf sail of a native fishing-snuck.


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 After a day or two he became wildly delirious, and Talib then witnessed a terrible sight. A raving maniac in a well-ordered asylum, where padded walls and careful tendance do much to save the afflicted body from the blind fury of the disordered brain, is an appalling thing to see; but in the vile cage in which this wretched creature was confined there was nothing to restrain the violence he was practising upon himself. With the strength of madness he dashed his head and body relentlessly against the unyielding walls of his cell. He fell back crushed and bleeding, foaming at the mouth with a bloody froth, and making beast noises in his throat. The pĕr-tanda, attracted by the noise, rested his back against the surrounding wall and rocked to and fro, convulsed with laughter, each brutal jest that he uttered being greeted with obsequious titters from the caged animals around him.

But the madman was oblivious of him and of all things. Once more, as the frenzy took him, shaking him as a terrier shakes a rat, he flung himself at the bars, and after another fearful paroxysm, fell back inert upon the floor. For hours he lay there exhausted, but wildly restless; too spent to struggle, and too demented and tortured to be still. He moaned, he groaned, he raved and cursed with vile and filthy words, bit and snapped like a dog in its madness, strove to gnaw the loathsome rags which had long used to cover his nakedness, and then again was still, save for the incessant rolling of his head, and the wilder motion of his eyes, which blazed with


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 rule dislike the violin, but like the flute, especially if played in the key of C minor. Bachaumont (Mem., Sec. iv. 165) says that Blavet gave lessons on the flute to a great prince, whose bad playing always caused his dog to bark and howl fearfully, but that the moment the master began to play the dog stopped barking and licked the feet of the player. Choron mentions a similar incident. The Chinese attract the che-hiang, a shy animal from which they procure musk, by playing lively airs on a flute. Bombet, in his Letters of Haydn and Mozart, says that sheep and goats on Lake Maggiore surrounded a flute-player with such delight that the shepherd had to beg him to stop playing. Burton, in his Anatomy of Melancholy (ii. 2) says that the dog, the hare, wolf, and lamb are much affected by the sound of a pipe: harts, hinds, bears, and horses are exceedingly delighted with music. Mr. Galpin mentions a cat of his acquaintance that was always frightened by the sound of a flute or trombone, but was lulled by a fiddle and absolutely pleased with a bagpipepossibly, he adds, it was a Persian cat, and had a lingering recollection of Oriental reed instruments! Flutes are said to attract mosquitoes in India, and the same authority mentions a canary that always sang when a piece in E♭ was played on a flute, but never to any other key! Emerson Tenant, in his work The Wild Elephant, p. 141, mentions that a transverse flute called the Bansee, or Bansulee, is used in Ceylon to tame wild elephants, John Wesley, himself a flute-player, mentions in his Journal (December, 1764) that


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 fever. The pĕr-tanda, wearied by so lame an exhibition, withdrew to his house; and a little before the dawn, when the chill breeze, which comes up at that hour out of the China Sea, was making itself felt. even in the fetid atmosphere of the place, his reason, for a space, returned to him, and he spoke to Talib in a thin, faraway voice, his words punctuated by many gasps and sighs and pauses.

"Little brother," he whispered, "do you also watch? For not long now shall your elder brother endure these pains. The order is come. Have you any water? I thirst sore. No matter, it is the fate to which I was born. The hair of the heads of all men alike is black, but the lot of each of us is peculiar to himself. Listen. I stole five dollars from a chief.  I did it because my wife was very fair, and she abused me, saying that I gave her neither ornaments nor raiment.  Brother, I was detected, and the chief consigned me to the pěn-jâra.  I knew not then that it was my wife, and none other, who gave the knowledge of my theft to the chief, he in whose household I had been born and bred.  He desired her, and she loved him; and now he has taken her to wife, I being as one already dead, and the woman being legally divorced from me. They said that they would set me free if I would divorce her, and I let fall the talak in the presence of witnesses, thinking thereby to escape from this place. But ah, brother, I thirst. Have you no water? While the woman was yet bound to me, she sent me


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 food by one of the chief's slaves, and it was from him that I learned the plot that had undone me. I thirst, I thirst. Have you no water, little brother? After I had divorced her the rice did not come any more. I want water. My mouth is hard and rough as the skin of a skate, and it is dry as the fish that has been smoked above the fire. Have you no water? Ya Allah! Maimûnah, heart of my heart, fruit of my eyes! Water, I pray you. Water. Water. O mother! O mother! O mother of mine! Water, mother! I die I die  mother "

His voice trailed away into inarticulate moanings, and in an hour he was dead.

Next day his body was carried out for burial, and for a time his cage remained untenanted.

On Talib's right a man was confined who was so haggard, meagre, filthy, diseased, and brutal in his habits that it was difficult to believe that he was altogether human, His hair fell in long, tangled, matted, vermin-infested shocks, almost to his waist. His eyes—two smouldering pits of flame—were sunken deep into his yellow parchment-like face. His cheekbones were so prominent that the sharp edges seemed about to cut their way through the skin, and his brows jutted forward like the bosses on the forehead of a fighting ram. The dirt of ages festered in the innumerable wrinkles and creases of his body; and he hardly moved, save to scratch himself fiercely, much as a monkey tears at his flea-infested hide. A small ration of rice and fish was brought to him daily


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Rh '''§ 200307. Availability of Fund amounts for publicity purposes'''

(a) —Amounts derived from the sources listed in of this title shall not be available for publicity purposes.

(b) —In a case where significant acquisition or development is initiated, appropriate standardized temporary signing shall be located on or near the affected site, to the extent feasible, so as to indicate the action taken is a product of funding made available through the Fund. The signing may indicate the percentage amounts and dollar amounts financed by Federal and non-Federal funds, and that the source of the funding includes amounts derived from Outer Continental Shelf receipts. The Secretary shall prescribe standards and guidelines for the usage of the signing to ensure consistency of design and application.

§ 200308. Contracts for acquisition of land and water

Not more than $30,000,000 of the amount authorized to be appropriated from the Fund by of this title may be obligated by contract during each fiscal year for the acquisition of land, water, or interest in land or water within areas specified in (a)(2) of this title. The contract may be executed by the head of the department concerned, within limitations prescribed by the Secretary. The contract shall be a contractual obligation of the United States and shall be liquidated with money appropriated from the Fund specifically for liquidation of that contract obligation. No contract may be entered into for the acquisition of property pursuant to this section unless the acquisition is otherwise authorized by Federal law.

§ 200309. Contracts for options to acquire land and water in System

The Secretary may enter into contracts for options to acquire land, water, or interests in land or water within the exterior boundaries of any area the acquisition of which is authorized by law for inclusion in the System. The minimum period of any such option shall be 2 years, and any sums expended for the purchase of an option shall be credited to the purchase price of the area. Not more than $500,000 of the sum authorized to be appropriated from the Fund by of this title may be expended by the Secretary in any one fiscal year for the options.

§ 200310. Transfers to and from Fund

(a) —There shall be set aside in the Fund the amounts specified in section 9503(c)(3)(B) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (26 U.S.C. 9503(c)(3)(B)).

(b) —There shall be paid from time to time from the Fund into the general fund of the Treasury amounts estimated by the Secretary of the Treasury as equivalent to—
 * (1) the amounts paid before October 1, 2017, under section 6421 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (26 U.S.C. 6421) with respect to gasoline used after December 31, 1964, in motorboats, on the basis of claims filed for periods ending before October 1, 2016; and
 * (2) 80 percent of the floor stocks refunds made before October 1, 2017, under section 6412(a)(1) of the Internal Revenue Code


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 by an old and withered hag—his wife of former years—who made a meagre living for him and for herself by hawking sweet-stuffs from door to door. She came to him twice daily, and he flung himself ravenously upon the food with guttural noises of satisfaction, devouring it in bestial fashion, while she cooed at him through the bars, with many endearing epithets, such as Malay women use to little children. Not even his revolting degradation had been able to kill her love, though its wretched object had long ago ceased to understand it or to recognize her, save as the giver of the food which satisfied the last appetite which misery had left to him. He had been ten years in these cages, and had passed through the entire range of feeling of which a Malay captive in a native gaol is capable—from acute misery to despair, from despair, by slow degrees, to stupid indifference and dementia, until at the long last he had attained to the condition which Malays call kâleh. This means a complete insensibility, a mental and physical anaesthesia so absolute that it reduces a sentient human being to the level of an inanimate object, while leaving to him many of the disgusting qualities of an ape.

Talib himself had as yet reached only the first stage of his suffering, and the insistent craving for one breath of fresh air grew and grew and gathered strength, until it became an overmastering longing that day and night cried out to be satisfied. His memories tortured him—memories of the chill morning hour at which he had been wont to step


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 forth from his house into the dusk of the dawning, and to make his way to the river which poured its cool flood seaward beneath the curtain of white mist; of the long slanting sunrays beginning to dry the dew, as he walked through the wet grass to the rice-fields behind the village: of the return home, as the heat became intense, with the pale and cloudless sky overhead, and the vivid green of the vegetation covering all the earth; of the long, lazy hours spent in the cool interior of the thatched house; of the waning of the day, as the buffaloes began to troop down to water; of the falling of the night, with its smell of wood-smoke and the cooking meal; of the deep sleep that used to come to the sound of the humming chorus from the insect world without. For these things meant for him liberty—the freshness and cleanliness of God's good earth—all the common happenings. which had made life beautiful, but which till now he had never thought about or prized.

At last he could no longer restrain his passionate desire to escape, if only for a few hours, from the horrors of the pěn-jâra, and, reckless of consequences, he told the pêr-tanda that if he could be taken to a place a day's journey up the river, he could set his hand upon the missing kris which, he said. he had hidden there. He was perfectly aware that the dagger was not, and never had been, buried at that spot, for he knew as little concerning its whereabouts as the pêr-tanda himself. He could foresee that his failure would be followed by worse punishment. But he heeded not. He would breathe the fresh,


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 A flute of the whistle type, called Pito, played a prominent part in the public ceremonies of the Aztecs. At the religious festival in honour of the deity Tezcatlipoca "a young man was sacrificed who, in preparation for the ceremony, had been instructed in the art of playing the flute When the hour arrived in which he was to be sacrificed he observed the established symbolical rite of breaking a flute on each of the steps as he ascended the temple. Again, at the public ceremonies which took place on the accession of a prince to the throne the new monarch addressed a prayer to the god, in which occurred the following allegorical expression, 'I am thy flute; reveal to me thy will; breathe into me thy breath like into a flute, as thou hast done to my predecessors on the throne.'" (Engel, Mus. Instruments, 63.)

The flute-à-bec is much used by the North American Indians. They do not appear, however, to possess any transverse flutes. Most of their pipes are love-flutes, such as the Winnebago courting flute. That of the Sioux and Dakotas is called "Chotonka-chanta-ki-yapi." When a chief's son wishes to get married, he takes his flute and goes at night towards his lady's cabin and plays melancholy tunes as a prelude, after which he sings words of his own composition, describing her charms and promising her a long series of happy days in his wigwam. He then plays again on his flute to express his feelings. This singing and playing is continued for hours day after day, till the lady yields.