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 he has the right to be compensated and given back all the rights he lost as a result of the said judgment. This shall be in accordance with the conditions and procedure prescribed by the law.

No forced labour shall be exacted, save by virtue of the power under a provision of law and only for the purpose of averting a public disaster that arises urgently, or by virtue of the power under a provision of law which permits it during the time the Country is in a state of fighting or war or during the time a state of emergency is announced or martial law is promulgated.

Persons have freedom in their dwellings.

Persons enjoy protection for peacefully residing in and occupying their own dwellings. Entry into a dwelling without consent of its occupant, or search of a dwelling, shall not be made, save by virtue of the power under a provision of law.

The right of a person to property is protected. The bounds and restriction of this right shall be as prescribed by the law.

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 In connection with England he set his hopes upon the Union, and so summoned its members to Rothenburg on the Tauber, in order to assure himself of the aid upon which he might reckon from that source. The action of the Rothenburg meeting was to the effect that the Union would support the Palsgrave in maintaining his hereditary lands in case he should be attacked in them on account of his acceptance of the Bohemian crown. Frederic might therefore hope that his relation to Bohemia would, at the worst, cost him only the loss of the funds which he should expend in the contest for its possession.

After the close of the meeting at Rothenburg, the presumptive King, then in Heidelberg, took counsel with his most intimate friends, especially Christian of Anhalt, and Count John of Nassau, in regard to the answer which he should return to the Bohemians. Most of them advised him to give no definitive assurance so long as he was without intelligence from James; and he wrote in this sense to the Bohemian Estates, thanking them for his election, and at the same time declaring that he could give no affirmative answer until he should have received a promise of support from his father-in-law. Such an answer did not, however, suit the taste of the Prince of Anhalt. He knew the King of England too well not to fear that he might be slow in sending the desired answer, for the mere purpose of shifting upon the Palsgrave alone the responsibility of any subsequent misfortunes. Anhalt, therefore, urgently insisted that Frederic should come to an independent and decisive conclusion. If he should, after doing so much to secure the election, recede—such was the import of his warning words—he would load himself with perpetual shame. This energetic exhortation had the desired effect; perhaps, too, the wife of the

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text: The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman/Volume 7/Chapter 3


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 enough of it and, looking at herself in the mirror, she doubted her own eyes:

— Could I be a fairy from One Thousand and One Nights?

When she thought she was ready, the Spider came with several coffers full of diadems, necklaces, rings and bracelets that would make the most opulent princesses in the world envious.

Narizinho chose the most beautiful ones and so, covered in gold and glitter, she sparkled like the sun.

— You're "almost" ready, said the Spider.

— Almost? said Narizinho, smiling. Is there anything left?

The spider replied by sending over some dust from the wings of the rarest butterflies and sprinkling it all over with blue steal-color. What a marvel! The mirror itself even opened its mouth, amazed at such beauty.

Suddenly the door opened and the prince appeared.

— Madam," he said, "the court gathered in the great hall is eagerly awaiting the queen of the party. Come with me!

And, taking her hand, he led her with great ceremony to the ball.

As soon as Narizinho entered, there was a murmur of admiration in the royal hall, which was quite understandable, given that such a dazzling creature had never appeared in Clear Waters before. And they began to whisper that it was surely the Fairy of the Rivers herself who had incarnated herself in the girl. Some ladies


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 than the rest, have wrote-galloping, which is the way I do at present—from the great Addison who did it with his satchel of school-books hanging at his a— and galling his beast's crupper at every stroke—there is not a galloper of us all who might not have gone on ambling quietly in his own ground (in case he had any) and have wrote all he had to write, dry shod, as well as not.

For my own part, as heaven is my judge, and to which I shall ever make my last appeal—I know no more of Calais, (except the little my barber told me of it, as he was whetting his razor) than I do this moment of Grand Cairo; for it was dusky in the evening when I landed, and dark as pitch in the morning when I set out, and yet by merely know-


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 Elector, Elizabeth, daughter of the King of England, used similar language; it is at least certain that she never disapproved of his ambitious plans. Frederic decided, therefore (September 25, 1619), to accept the crown without waiting for the concurrence of England, and on the following day informed the King of England accordingly. Two days later he communicated his decision to the Bohemian Directors, and it was known in Prague in the beginning of October that the King elect had accepted the election.

Before giving an account of the coronation which followed, we shall here indicate what were the contents of the declaration from England, so earnestly desired by the Palsgrave, when it finally came to hand. It is evident, from the instructions which James had given to Lord Doncaster, how careful he was of the interests of the Hapsburgs, and how little disposed he was to assume in the Bohemian affairs an unfriendly attitude towards them. It might, therefore, be presumed that the news of the election would not be agreeable to him, while he would be positively exasperated by that of the acceptance. When, on the 13th of September, he was informed by Christopher von Dohna of the actual election, he stoutly rejected all prayers and representations designed to secure his sanction of it and his interest in his son-in-law. It was in vain that Dohna labored to move him; to all entreaties and flatteries of the ambassador he finally answered that he would not be forced to a decision, but would quietly think the matter over. He was not torn with anxiety for his son-in-law, but with solicitude lest it should be thought in Spain that he had had a hand in the election of the Bohemian King. He therefore wrote Philip, and assured him that he was quite innocent of the elevation of his


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Buggin, John


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 what is what, and by drawing this from that in one part of the town, and by spelling and putting this and that together in another—I would lay any travelling odds, that I this moment write a chapter upon Calais as long as my arm; and with so distinct and satisfactory a detail of every item, which is worth a stranger's curiosity in the town—that you would take me for the town clerk of Calais itself—and where, sir, would be the wonder? was not Democritus, who laughed ten times more than I—town-clerk of Abdera? and was not (I forget his name) who had more discretion than us both, town-clerk of Ephesus?—it should be penn'd moreover, Sir, with so much knowledge and good sense, and truth, and precision


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Buggins, Peter


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 son-in-law. He did in reality need to make this apology if he would avoid suffering the shipwreck of his darling plan of effecting a close alliance with Spain and the marriage of his son with the Infanta Mary. When, however, in addition to this application from Dohna, he was urged also by Carleton, his ambassador at the Hague, acting at the request of the States-General, to a decision favorable to the Palsgrave, he was forced to summon his council to advise him in regard to the future course of England. During the sitting, which took place on the 30th of September, the news was brought in that the Palsgrave had decided to accept the Bohemian crown, and all the members of the council united in requesting the King to sanction Frederic’s decision, and by a public proclamation make known the alliance with him. This, too, was all in vain. Two days later Dohna was admitted to an audience with him, in which he gave vent to his entire accumulation of resentment towards his son-in-law. The answer which he sent to the latter was, in substance, that he not only for himself refused him all aid, but also denied his prayer for his intercession with the King of France and the Venetian Senate, and censured him for his course of action.

The King was soon obliged, however, to use language implying that he had not yet finally declined to give support to the Palsgrave, otherwise he could not defend himself against the impetuous pressure of some of his own partisans. One of the English bishops, in a letter which came to James’ knowledge, entered most warmly into the defence of Frederic and his cause, which cause he deemed to be bound up with that of the gospel, and the support of which was the most imperative duty of every believing prince. Similar language was employed by Noël de


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Buggs, John


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 fellows. The ugly and the stupid have the best of it in this world. They can sit quietly and gape at the play. If they know nothing of victory, they are at least spared of knowledge of defeat. They live as we all should live, undisturbed, indifferent, and without disquiet. They neither bring ruin upon others, nor ever receive it from alien hands. Your rank and wealth, Harry, my brains, such as they are, my fame, whatever it may be worth, Dorian Gray's good looks; we will all suffer of what the Gods have given us, suffer terribly." "Dorian Gray? Is that his name?" said Lord Henry, walking across the studio towards Basil Hallward. -"Yes: that is his name. I didn't intend to tell it to you." -"But why not?" -"Oh! I can't explain. When I like people immensly, I never tell their names to any one. It seems like surrendering a part of them. You know how I love secrecy. It is the only thing that can make modern life wonderful, or mysterious to us. The commonest thing is delightful if one hides it. When I


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 even bit their lips in envy as Narizinho passed in front of them, on the prince's arm, towards the throne. And an ugly peeled cockroach, yellow with envy, whispered in the ear of a stumpy-legged beetle, wrinkling its nose:

— She's not even worth that much!

But a gentle green cricket in the back heard the envious roach's outburst and punished her by taking a terrible bite out of her scrawny leg. The cockroach groaned in pain but took the lesson in its stride and kept quiet for the rest of the night.

The room was like an open sky. Instead of light bulbs, there were beautiful bouquets of morning sunbeams on the ceiling, on the walls and in the vases. Flowers galore, beautiful


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Buggs, Samuel


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Bulbecke, Thomas


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 Carron, the Dutch ambassador in England, against whose urgent appeals James could defend himself only by the evasion that he must await Lord Doncaster’s report of his mission before taking further steps. The Dutch ambassador allowed himself to be deceived with this evasion, for he carried away from the audience the impression that the King would not long delay with his aid, but would merely allow a certain time to elapse, and then fully attach himself to the Palsgrave’s cause. This hope proved to be vain, for in the final audience with Dohna (October 6th, 1619) there was no thought of aid, but simply a pouring forth of complaints that his son-in-law’s unjustifiable and hasty acceptance of the Bohemian crown had placed him in a false light with Spain and the Emperor. To this expression corresponds also his instruction to Lord Doncaster, according to which the latter was to declare to the States-General that his honor would not allow him to take any part in the Bohemian quarrel, since, if he did, it might be thought that an understanding between him and his son-in-law had led the latter to accept the crown. He charged his ambassador in Spain to convey to King Philip a copy of the entire correspondence which he had carried on with the Union in relation to German affairs, in order to show Philip how greatly his counsels had differed from the course pursued, and that the foreknowledge of this had not been confided to him. The result of his peculiar attitude was that the States-General, who were ready to support his son-in-law by the monthly payment of 50,000 florins, declared that they would discontinue this payment in case of James’ refusing his aid.

After the Palsgrave had decided to accept the Bohemian crown, he gathered up in Heidelberg the most of his ac-


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2

“That the said proposal has received the sanction and approval of this Association.

“That the Corresponding Society of the Pickwick Club is therefore nereby constituted; and that Samuel Pickwick, Esq. G.C. M.P.C., Tracy Tupman, Esq., M.P.C., Augustus Snodgrass, Esq., M.P.C., and Nathaniel Winkle, Esq., M.P.C., are hereby nominated and appointed members of the same: and that they be requested to forward, from time to time, authenticated accounts of their journeys and investigations; of their observations of character and manners; and of the whole of their adventures, together with all tales and papers, to which local scenery or associations may give rise, to the Pickwick Club, stationed in London.

“That this association cordially recognises the principle of every member of the Corresponding Society defraying his own travelling expenses; and that it sees no objection whatever to the members of the said society pursuing their inquiries for any length of time they please, upon the same terms.

“That the members of theaforesaid Corresponding Society, be, and are, hereby informed, that their proposal to pay the postage of their letters, and the carriage of their parcels, has been deliberated upon, by this Association. That this Association considers such proposal worthy of the great minds from which it emanated; and that it hereby signifies its perfect acquiescence therein.”

A casual observer, adds the secretary, to whose notes we are indebted for the following account — a casual observer might possibly have remarked nothing extraordinary in the bald head, and circular spectacles, which were intently turned towards his (the secretary’s) face, during the reading of the above resolutions. To those who knew that the gigantic brain of Pickwick was working beneath that forehead, and that the beaming eyes of Pickwick were twinkling behind those glasses, the sight was indeed an interesting one. There sat the man who had traced to their source the mighty ponds of Hampstead, and agitated the scientific world with his Theory of Tittlebats, as calm and unmoved as the deep waters of the one on a frosty day, or as a solitary specimen of the other, in the inmost recesses of an earthen jar. And how much more interesting did the spectacle become, when, starting into full life and animation, as a simultaneous call for “Pickwick” burst from his followers, that illustrious man slowly mounted into the Windsor chair, on which he had been previously seated, and addressed the club himself had founded. What a study for an artist did that exciting scene present! The eloquent Pickwick, with one hand gracefully concealed behind his coat tails, and the other waying in air to assist his glowing declamation: his elevated position revealing those tights and gaiters, which, had they clothed an ordinary man, might have passed without observation, but which, when Pickwick clothed them — if we may use the expression — inspired involuntary awe and respect; surrounded by the men who had volunteered to share the perils of his travels, and who were destined to participate in the glories of his discoveries. On his right hand, sat Mr. Tracy Tupman; the too susceptible Tupman, who to the wisdom and experience of


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 —Nay—if you don't believe me, you may read the chapter for your pains.

, Calatium, Calusium, Calesium.

This town, if we may trust it's archives, the authority of which I see no reason to call in question in this place—was once no more than a small village belonging to one of the first Counts de Guines; and as it boasts at present of no less than fourteen thousand inhabitants, exclusive of four hundred and twenty distinct families in the basse ville, or suburbs—it must have grown up by little and little, I suppose, to it's present size.


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 cumulated savings, and set out for Prague. When he reached Amberg, where he tarried a week, in order to make the needed preparations for his entry into Bohemia, an imperial ambassador made him a visit. Ferdinand, who had been disappointed in his hope of falling in with the Palsgrave on his return from Frankfort and dissuading him from furnishing further support to the Bohemian insurrection, desired to make still a last attempt, and to this end dispatched Count Fürstenberg to Frederic. The ambassador requested him, in the Emperor’s name, to concur in the calling of an Imperial Diet, by which all existing variances might be ended, and desired at the same time an assurance from the Palsgrave that he would not accept the offered crown. In the written answer which was handed in the next day it was stated that the Elector had no hope of salutary results from the calling of an Imperial Diet, unless the manifold grievances which had long been subjects of complaint in Germany could be removed beforehand. As to the Bohemian election, he would still consider this important subject, and trusted that he should not fall into any “unjust suspicion” if he should come somewhat to the aid “of the oppressed lands which had elected him.” If we clothe this language in simple words, they would indicate that the Elector would probably accept the Bohemian crown, though this was not yet irrevocable.

About the 20th of October, Frederic departed from Amberg and journeyed to Waldsassen, a place situated near the Bohemian frontier, where he arrived on the 23d. Hither arrived, on the next morning, a deputation of twenty persons to greet him in behalf of the Diet. Frederic received them in a ceremonial audience in the presence of his brother, his eldest son, Prince Christian of


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Bulfell, Daniel


text: The Zoologist/3rd series, vol 1 (1877)/Issue 5/A Spring Tour in Norway; With Notes on the Birds Observed There


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 Anhalt, and the most prominent members of his retinue, and gave answer to the address of Count Andrew Schlick, who acted as spokesman, and touched upon the reasons of the Bohemian royal election in a free and fluent speech. The deputation then repaired to the wife of the Palsgrave, where Ruppa spoke for the rest, thanking her Highness that she had shown herself so kindly disposed towards the wishes of the Bohemians, and that she had encouraged her husband to accept the royal crown. Elizabeth responded to the French speech in the same language, assuring the deputation that what she had done she had done gladly and for the sake of religion. Thenceforth the Electoral pair bore the royal title.

On the 25th of October, Frederic, attended by his whole court, consisting of not less than 569 persons, including servants of all kinds, continued their journey to Bohemia. In each large town which he touched a festive reception was prepared; but the most brilliant were where he passed the nights. After the last night, which was spent in the Castle of Buštěhrad [Bushtyehrad], the royal procession, early in the morning of the 31st of October, arrived before the Zoological Garden, called the Stern [Eng., "Star "], in Prague. Before the castle which adorns this garden awaited the King a numerous portion of the Bohemian nobility, many envoys from the neighboring lands, and numerous companies of mounted men festively clad and consisting partly of young noblemen and partly of citizens of Prague. The first impression made by this young man of twenty-three years upon the waiting crowd, which he was now to rule, won them. His tall and slender form and his captivating features received general applause. As soon as he saw the company in waiting for him, he descended from his carriage, took off his hat, and


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Bulgin, Elias (1)


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Bulgin, Elias (2)


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Bulgin, James


text: The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman/Volume 7/Chapter 4


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 extended to the more prominent persons his hand. After dining in the castle, the royal pair made their ceremonial entry into Prague by the Reichsthor [Imperial Gate]. At the head of the procession rode bands of mounted men; next followed, in the Netherlandish uniform, an infantry company, which had attended the Palsgrave in his journey; next came the royal servants and a division of mounted body-guards, followed by about four hundred splendidly-adorned mounted men belonging to the nobility and knighthood of Bohemia and the other lands. Next after the nobility followed Prince Henry of Münsterberg, Duke Magnus of Würtemburg, Christian of Anhalt, with his son, and the Palsgrave Lewis, the King’s younger brother, all mounted and splendidly dressed. Behind them appeared Frederic upon a noble horse, caparisoned in blue satin, interwoven with silver, while he himself was clad in dark-brown raiment embroidered with silver, and at his sides marched twenty-four halberdiers clad in white and blue. The Queen followed in a carriage of the color of her husband’s clothing and richly adorned with gold and pearls. Her little son, attended by the first stewardess of the court, Countess Solms, rode in a second carriage trimmed with red satin. Some carriages, occupied by people belonging to the suite, and several companies of cavalry and infantry, closed the train.

When this procession approached the Reichsthor, it was greeted by various guilds and great numbers of the peasantry festively clad in the old Bohemian costume, and bearing those weapons which won renown in the Hussite wars. In the city the King was greeted by the citizens, who had marched out to the number of 4,000 strong in military equipment, and formed a festal line extending from the city gate to the castle. In this line were


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 matrons and maidens of the nobility and the citizens waiting in their best attire for the arrival of the royal pair. As the Queen was far advanced in a delicate state, artillery salutes were, on her account, avoided. The whole pageant, the cost of which for Prague alone amounted to 50,000 florins, was admired by all, although the unfriendly weather of the late autumnal day was a drawback on the pleasantness of the impression. Superstitious people thought they could see signs from which they might draw auguries of the future of the new kingdom; of course they found what they wished, some pleasing themselves with propitious, and others troubled by unpropitious, omens.

After the festive entrance, preparations were made for the coronation in the cathedral. In spite of the great changes which had long been taking place in Bohemia, this church had remained until within a few days still in the hands of the Catholics, and the metropolitan chapter provided for a daily service there. On the 17th of October the chapter had received orders from the Directors at the Palsgrave’s demand to deliver the keys of the church and vacate their lodgings in the castle and upon the Hradschin.

The coronation itself took place on the 4th of November (1619). At the appointed hour Frederic repaired to the Chapel of Wenceslas, where he was clad with a splendid coronation mantle, after which he advanced in solemn procession to the high altar. Thirty-eight clergymen—all adherents of the Bohemian Protestant Confession—headed the procession; these were followed by the chief functionaries of the land, who bore the insignia of the


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 coronation; after these came the King with uncovered head, attended by the Administrator of the Protestant consistory and his vicar. To the Queen and her retinue, as also to other high personages, were assigned special seats from which they could obtain a view of the ceremony. On this occasion there were thrown among the people several thousand memorial coins, and their good-humor was preserved by causing white and red wine to flow for an hour from a fountain prepared near the castle for this purpose, and free for every one’s refreshment. Nor were the cannons on this day dumb, as the Queen held this to be no longer necessary for the sparing of her nerves. Three days later she was herself crowned, and with the usual pomp, except that no coins were thrown among the people.

The solemnities of these days were not without notes of discord. The King had, since he crossed the frontier, charmed all hearts with his obliging kindness, and especially at the coronation banquet, as he rose and proposed the health of the Estates. The evil tongue of fault-finders found in him as yet nothing to lay hold of. The Queen, however, was no longer spared. She could express herself but awkwardly in the German language—knew nothing of the Bohemian—and her attendants were mostly young women from England, so that she was separated from the Bohemian ladies as if by a Chinese wall. She could not, by courteous words, give to the first meeting a friendly character, and so was exposed defenceless to the criticism of her sex. Four days had not yet elapsed since her arrival, when it had been spied out that she had no regard for order, no hour for meals, none for attendance at church. Her toilet was quite unpardonable; at least the modesty of the ladies of Prague was deeply wounded by


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Cotsford, Robert


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Cotsford, Samuel


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Cotsford, Thomas


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 the naked breasts which the Queen and her household exhibited in public. Had it been indeed known in Prague how the Queen turned up her nose at all she saw in Bohemia, she would have made every one her enemy. Her unfavorable judgment, however, was kept as a secret in the circle of those near her person.

During the few days which had passed since Frederic’s arrival in Bohemia, some of his attendants, and especially his Counsellor, Camerarius, who excelled all others in knowledge of affairs and in ability to labor, had found opportunity to form an opinion in regard to the general condition of the country. That this would be very unfavorable in relation to the state of the finances is evident; but it was just as unfavorable in regard to every part of the administration, which he described as in fatal confusion. Camerarius was so depressed when he ascertained these facts, that he fully justified the scoffing remark of the Pope. Paul V., on hearing of the Palsgrave’s acceptance of the Bohemian crown, expressed himself to the effect that Frederic had entered a filthy labyrinth, in which he must inevitably be lost. Unfortunately it was not to be expected that the Palsgrave’s coming would improve this state of things, since none of the men who had so miserably carried on the government might be removed. The counsellors which Frederic had brought with him could indeed inform him of this sad state of things in the country, but could not improve it, since it was strictly insisted upon that all positions, high and low, must be occupied by natives, to say nothing of that ignorance of the Bohemian language which made it, in the start, impossible to apply the remedy.

Frederic’s first measure, after his coronation, and the retirement of the Directors, which took place at the same


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Cottam, John


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Cottam, Thomas


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 time, was the filling of the chief places of trust. This he could not do freely, but was obliged to select one of four persons named to him by the proprietors of landed rights and other high authorities. The chief movers in the insurrection made use of this practice in their own interests, by having themselves all proposed for offices, notwithstanding their lack often of the needed qualifications. Thus the place of Chief Burggrave was given to Bohuchwal Berka, that of High Steward to William von Lobkowitz, that of Chief Justice to Count Joachim Andrew Schlick, that of Chancellor to Wenceslas William von Ruppa, and Budowec was placed at the head of the Court of Appeals. Count Thurn was again made Burggrave of Carlstein.


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 into the mind of childhood, there to be brooded over. No other event may have happened, or be likely to happen, for days, to push this aside, before it has assumed a vague and mysterious importance. Thus, children leading a secluded life are often thoughtful and dreamy: the impressions made upon them by the world without—the unusual sights of earth and sky—the accidental meetings with strange faces and figures—(rare occurrences in those out-of-the-way places)—are sometimes magnified by them into things so deeply significant as to be almost supernatural. This peculiarity I perceive very strongly in Charlotte's writings at this time. Indeed, under the circumstances, it is no peculiarity. It has been common to all, from the Chaldean shepherds, the "lonely herdsman stretched on the green sward through half a summer's day"—the solitary monk—to all whose impressions from without have had time to grow and vivify in the imagination, till they have been received as actual personifications, or supernatural visions, to doubt which would be blasphemy.

To counterbalance this tendency in Charlotte, was the strong common sense natural to her, and daily called into exercise by the requirements of her practical life. Her duties were not merely to learn her lessons, to read a certain quantity, to gain certain ideas: she had, besides, to brush rooms, to run errands, to help in the simpler forms of cooking, to be by turns play-fellow and monitress to her younger sisters and brothers, to make and to mend, and to


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Cottam, William


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Cottell, Alexander


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Cottell, Amias


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Cottell, Christopher


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 Succession to estate is protected. The rights of a person to succeed to estate shall be as prescribed by the law.

No immovable property shall be expropriated, save by virtue of the power under a provision of law and only for an activity of public utility, or for a necessary activity of defending the Country or acquiring a natural resource, or for town planning, or for development of agriculture or industry, or for land reform, or for other public benefit, in respect of which indemnity must, within due time, be provided to the owners and right holders who suffer damage from the expropriation. This shall be as specified by the law.

In designating the indemnity under paragraph 3, regard shall be had to the acquisition, condition, and location of the immovable property, in addition to the reasons and objectives of the expropriation, so as to bring about fairness to the society.

Persons have the freedom of speech, writing, printing, and publication.

This freedom shall not be restricted, save by virtue of the power under a provision of law and only for maintaining

title: Page:ประมวล รธน - ๒๕๕๗ (๑).pdf/376


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Cottell, Richard (1)


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 leave town I never tell my people where I am going. if I did, I would lose all my pleasure. It is a silly habit, I dare say, but somehow it seems to bring a great deal of romance into ones life. I suppose you think me awfully foolish about it?" "Not at all", answered Lord Henry laying his hand upon his shoulder; not at all my dear Basil. You seem to forget that I am married, and the charm of marriage is that it makes a life of deception abolutely necessary for both parties. I never know where my wife is, and my wife never knows what I am doing. When we meet- we do meet occasionly, when we dine out together, or go down to the Duke's- we tell each other the most absurd stories with the most serious faces. My wife is very good at it, much better than I am. She never gets confused over her dates, and I always do. But when she does find me out, she never makes a row. I sometimes wish she did, but she merely laughs at me." -"I hate the way you talk


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Cottell, Richard (2)


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Cottell, Walter


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Cottell, William


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Cotterell


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Cotterell, John (1)


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 study economy under her careful aunt. Thus we see that, while her imagination received powerful impressions, her excellent understanding had full power to rectify them before her fancies became realities. On a scrap of paper, she has written down the following relation:—

"The following strange occurrence happened on the 22nd of June, 1830:—At that time papa was very ill, confined to his bed, and so weak that he could not rise without assistance. Tabby and I were alone in the kitchen, about half-past nine ante-meridian. Suddenly we heard a knock at the door; Tabby rose and opened it. An old man appeared, standing without, who accosted her thus:—

"Old Man.—'Does the parson live here?'

"Tabby.—'Yes.'

"Old Man.—'I wish to see him.'

"Tabby.—'He is poorly in bed.'

"Old Man.—'I have a message for him.'

"Tabby.—'Who from?'

"Old Man.—'From the Lord.'

"Tabby.—Who?

"Old Man.—'The Lord. He desires me to say that the bridegroom is coming, and that we must prepare to meet him; that the cords are about to be loosed, and the golden bowl broken; the pitcher broken at the fountain.'

"Here he concluded his discourse, and abruptly


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Rh

Vietnamese insurgency. The catalogue of operations submitted from Saigon was intended to "convince the DR leadership that they should cease to support insurgent activities in the RVN and Laos." Although, In its forwarding letter, CICPAC expressed doubt that all but a few of the 2062 separate operations detailed by MACV-CAS could have that kind of effect. In his view, only air attacks and a few other "punitive or attritional" operations had any probability of success in achieving the stated objectives.

Rationale accompanying the interdepartmental committee's program recommendations, apparently accepted by higher authority, reflected. both the coercive objectives and the reservations associated with the earlier documents. Through its recommended program of "progressively escalating pressure;" the committee aimed "to inflict increasing punishment upon Horth Vietnan and to create pressures, which may convince the North Vietnamese leadership, in its own self-interest, to desist from its aggressive policies." However, it expressed the caution that "it is far from clear whether even the successful conduct of the operations. would induce Hanoi's leaders to cease and desist." still, after enumerating a number of specific risks Involved, it expressed the opinion that they were "outweighed by the potential benefits of the actions [it] recommended." In selecting these actions, the committee stated the assumption that the DRV's current strategy was to support the Viet Cong "at little cost to itself and at little risk to its industrial complex, while counting for victory upon U.S. and South Vietnamese war weariness..." It calculated:

""The importance attached by lanol's leaders to the development of North Vietnam's economy suggests that progressive damage of its industrial projects, attrition of its resources and dislocation of its economy might induce a decision to call off its physical support of the Viet Cong. This reaction might be intensified by the traditional Vietnamese fear of Chinese domination, where expanded operations by our side could arouse concern in Hanoi over the likelihood of direct Chinese Communist intervention in North Vietnamese affairs.""

Interagency commentary on the proposed operations provides additional Insight Into the rationale and expectancies associated with the initial 4-month program. After reviewing 13 of these operations, the Board of National Estimates concluded that "even if all were successful," they would not achieve the aim of convincing the DRV to alter Its policies. The Board thought it possible that North Vietnamese leaders might view these operations "as representing a significant increase in the vigor of U.S. policy, potentially dangerous to them," but with a likely reaction no more significant than a DRV effort to try to arouse greater international pressure for a Geneva-type conference on Vietnam. In addition, it cautioned that at least three operations proposed for the initial period were too large and complex to be plausibly denied by the Rh


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Rh

I. Initiation of Covert Operations

On 1 February 1964, the United States embarked on a new course of action in pursuance of its long-standing policy of attempting to. bolster the security of Southeast Asia. On that date, under direction of the American military establishment, an elaborate program of covert military operations against the state of North Vietnam was set in motion. There were precedents: a variety of covert activities had been sponsored by. the American CIA since 1961. Intelligence agents, resupplied by air, had been dispatched into North Vietnam; resistance and sabotage teams had been recruited inside the country; and propaganda leaflets had been dispensed from "civilian mercenary" aircraft. But the program that began in February 1964 was different, and its impact on future U.S. policy in Southeast Asia was far-reaching.

A. Covert Action Program: Scope and Character

The covert action program beginning in February 1964 was different, first of all, because it was a program. Designed to extend over a period of 12 months, it was divided into three phases distinguished by the character and intensity of their respective operations. The first phase (February through May) called for intelligence collection through U-2 and communications intelligence missions and psychological operations involving leaflet drops, propaganda kit deliveries, and radio broadcasts. It also provided for about "20 destructive undertakings, all within... early prospective [GVN] capabilities...[and] designed to result in substantial destruction, economic loss and harassment." The second and third phases involved the same categories of action, but of increased tempo and magnitude, and with the destructive operations extending to "targets identified with North Vietnam's economic and industrial well-being." Once started, the program was intended to inflict on North Vietnam, increasing levels of punishment for its aggressive policies.

The 1964 program was different also because: it was placed under control of an operational U.S. military command. Though the program was designed to be carried out by GIf or third country personnel, plans were developed by COMUSACV and the GVN jointly and given interagency clearance in Washington through a special office under the JCS. CINCPAC and the appropriate CIA station furnished the necessary training and equip-rent support and CONJERACY exercised operational control. Since subsequent phases of the covert program were to be based on a continuous evaluation of actions already taken, operation reports were submitted periodically through JCS staff channels for review by various Washington agencies.

Normally such routine staffing arrangements tend to encourage expectations of continued program actions. Moreover, they foreshadow bureaucratic pressures for taking stronger measures should previous ones Rh


text:
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 about your married life, Harry", said Basil Hallward, shaking his hand off, and strolling towards the doors that led into the garden. " I believe that you are really a very good husband, but that you are thoroughly ashamed of your own virtues. You are an extraordinary fellow. You never say a moral thing, and you never do a wrong thing. Your cynicism is simply a pose" -"Being natural is simply a pose, and the most imitating pose I know", cried Lord Henry laughing, and the two young men went out into the garden together, and for a time they did not speak. After a long pause Lord Henry pulled out his watch. "I am afraid I must be going Basil," he murmured, "and before I go I insist on you answering me a question I put to you half an hour ago." "What is that?" asked Basil Hallward, keeping his eyes fixed on the ground. -"You know quite well." -" I do not, Harry." -"Well, I will tell you what it is."


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Cotterell, John (2)


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Cotterell, Moses


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Cottesford, Thomas


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Cottesmore, Thomas


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Cottingham, John


text:
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 the security of the State, or for protecting rights, freedoms, dignity, or reputation of another person, or for maintaining public peace and order or good morals, or for preventing or suppressing moral or public health deterioration.

No printing house shall be closed nor printing shall be prohibited for curtailing the freedom under this section, save where a final judgment orders closure of a printing house or prohibition of printing.

No article or message in a newspaper shall be required to be submitted to an authority for censorship prior to publication, save during the time the Country is in a state of fighting or war or during the time a state of emergency is announced or martial law is promulgated. However, this must be done by virtue of the power under the provision of law enacted in accordance with the stipulations of paragraph 2.

Owners of newspaper businesses must be Thai nationals, subject to the conditions prescribed by the law.

Provision by the State, or a public agency, or a state or state enterprise agency of money or other property to support a private newspaper business shall be prohibited.

title: Page:ประมวล รธน - ๒๕๕๗ (๑).pdf/377


text:
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 a loud laughter, requesting us to wait in his parlour 'till Volkert should call us up stairs.

"He will not be disturbed in his toilsome labour," added he, smiling, "and has made the whole evening such a tremendous noise, that one should think he had been hunting up and down the whole infernal crew of his satanic Majesty."

Time passed quickly on in the company of that queer good-natured man, who fetched two bottles of excellent old wine, bidding us to be of good cheer. The clock struck ten before we were aware of it, and as soon as the last stroke was heard, Volkert entered the parlour, holding a lighted taper in his hand, his looks were wild and ghastly, his face pale, and every muscle of his countenance distorted, as if some horrid accident had filled him with terror. Every smile of merriment took its flight as he entered the room, our jovial mood was checked at once, and our faces grew deadly wan, like his, bearing all the marks


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Cottingham, Ralph


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Cottington, Edward


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Cottington, George


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Cottington, James (1)


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Cottington, James (2)


text:
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XVII]

Then in her sorrow cried she, that fair and gentle queen:

“Woe on mine evil fortune! Upon thy shield is seen

No dint of any sword-stroke: thou liest murder’d there.

And wist I who hath done it, of death mote he be ware.”

Thereon all her attendants began to wail and weep: With their belovéd lady, their grief indeed was deep

About their noble master, of whom they were forlorn.

Thus heavily had Hagen made good Brunhilda’s scorn.

Then sorrowfully spake she: “Go hence now, all of ye,

And waken Siegfried’s liegemen as quickly as may be.

And unto Siegmund also my sorrow must ye tell,

If so be he will help me to mourn brave Siegfried well.”

A messenger ran swiftly and found them where they lay,—

Siegfried’s own band of heroes from Niblung land were they.—

He told the grievous tidings, and joy fled at his word;

Yet would they not believe it till they the wailing heard.

The messenger sped further to where he found the king.

Unto the noble Siegmund that night no sleep did bring;

His heart within foreboded what happ’d to him, I ween:

How that his dear son living should never more be seen.

“Awake, arise, Lord Siegmund! Kriemhilda, my mistress,

Hath bidden me to fetch thee; to her a sore distress

Hath happ’d beyond all others, which cuts her to the heart:

And thou must help her mourning, for thou in it hast part.”


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 field flowers, arranged in festoons by the bee ladies. Around the room, seated in mother-of-pearl armchairs, the nobility of the court, in gala attire, awaited the prince's orders.

There was everything. Serious beetles with glasses and black coats. Cockroaches in mantillas, with forget-me-nots in their hair. Very thin golden bees with ribbons on their wings. Blue flies; frogs of all colors; beautiful water-mothers with slender bodies as light as ballerinas; mice with white collars and buckled shoes; butterflies with gauze headdresses; moths,


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Cottington, John


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 July 18: German Me-262 turbojet fighter flown on a spectacular flight test, concluding a series begun in May.

During July: First U.S.-designed jet engine successfully demonstrated at Langley Laboratory, the NACA Jeep, which was never flown but proved invaluable for continued NACA research on gas-turbine jet propulsion.

 * 9-inch supersonic tunnel providing airspeeds up to mach 2.5 put into operation at Langley Memorial Aeronautical Laboratory.

September 21: Boeing XB-29 Superfortress made its first flight, an indispensable aircraft in the Pacific campaign of World War II.

During September: After completion of liquid-fuel JATO device for AAF and Navy, Robert H. Goddard worked on liquid-fuel engines of variable thrust while Director of Research in Jet Propulsion at Annapolis until his death in August 1945.

October 1: First U.S. jet-propelled aircraft flight, by an Airacomet Bell XP-59A (powered by two 1-16 engines developed by General Electric from the British Whittle prototype), made at Muroc Dry Lake, Calif., with Robert Stanley as pilot.

October 2: Maj. J. G. Kearby reached an effective, simulated altitude of 60,200 feet in Aeromedical Laboratory altitude chamber at Wright Field, as part of an investigation of "full pressure" suits.

October 3: First successful launch and flight of 5½-ton German A-4 rocket (V-2) at Peenemünde, which traveled 120 miles.

October 22: Westinghouse Electric authorized to construct two 19A axial-flow turbojet powerplants, thereby initiating fabrication of the first practical jet engine wholly American in design.

December 2: First nuclear chain reaction successfully accomplished at the University of Chicago.

December 5: Edward R. Sharp was appointed Manager of the NACA Aircraft Engine Research Laboratory at Cleveland.

During December: AAF conducted first flight tests of a full-pressure altitude flight suit at Eglin Field, Fla.

During 1942: Aerosol bomb for disinsectation of aircraft developed at Aero Medical Laboratory by Lt. William N. Sullivan, subsequently adapted for use in foxholes, bomb shelters, barracks, and other dwellings.

January 8: First aircraft takeoff in the United States with a permanently installed JATO rocket powerplant, an A-20A at Muroc Army Air Base, Calif.

January 27: First American bomber raid on Germany by USAAF against Wilhelmshaven.

January 28: Dr. Hugh L. Dryden, Chief of the Mechanics and Sound Division of the National Bureau of Standards, elected president of the IAS.

During January: Lockheed C-69 Constellation first flown, a successful postwar transport with a pressurized cabin.

February 17: 10th German A-4 (V-2) rocket traveled 121.8 miles after launch from Peenemünde.

During February: Navy Engineering Experiment Station Annapolis completed development of a rocket engine for the Pelican radio-controlled pilotless aircraft (never used operationally).

March 5: Fifth prototype of the Gloster Meteor, developed from the first British jet aircraft, first flew, powered by Halford H-1 turbojet engines, forerunners of the De Havilland Goblin.

During March: First turbojet engine developed from an American design by Westinghouse, the X19A, was completed. It was the precursor of the J30, J34, J40, J46, and J54 engines.

April 2: Research building of the AAF School of Aviation Medicine opened officially, housing 27 officers and 35 civilian staff members, and 4 altitude decompression chambers.

April 11: California Rocket Society tested the first hybrid rocket design in the United States, using oxygen and carbon.

April 15: Prime Minister Winston Churchill of England was informed of reports on German experiments with long-range rockets.

May 22: German Messerschmitt Me-262 turbojet fighter prototype flight tested at Rechlin. Test flights continued during the year on the interceptor type, while series production did not begin until spring of 1944.

During May: A PBY Catalina, fitted with two liquid-propellant JATO rockets developed at Annapolis, took off with a 20 percent reduction in run. Liquid-propellant JATO was abandoned by the Navy in 1944.

May-June: Germans operationally test-fired over 100 V-2's from Blizna, Poland, launching 10 on one day, only a small number of which were fully successful.

June 24: Lt. Col. W. R. Lovelace, AAF Aeromedical Laboratory, made a world record parachute jump from 40,200 feet at Ephrata, Wash.

Mid-1943: Navy initiated development of FR "Fireball" fighter, the only U.S. jet-and-propeller-engine fighter produced in any quantity before the end of the war. Developed by Ryan, the prototype was accepted in October 1944 and production authorized in December 1944.

July 5: First turbojet engine completed for the Navy, the Westinghouse 19A, completed its 100-hour endurance test.

July 7: Adolf Hitler gave the German V-2 program the highest military priority.

July 19: Naval Aircraft Factory authorized to develop the Gorgon, an aerial ram or air-to-air missile powered by a turbojet engine and equipped with radio control and a homing device. The Gorgon was later expanded into a broad program embracing turbojet, ramjet, pulsejet, and rocket propulsion, and a variety of structures and guidance systems.

July 24 - August 3: German city of Hamburg subjected to a series of massive RAF attacks, totaling 3,000 planes, which exploited the first use of "chaff" or "window" to saturate radar early warning and resulting in a severe "firestorm."

During July: Naval Air Material Center established at Johnsville, Pa., to include Naval Air Factory, Naval Aircraft Modification Unit, and Naval Air Experimental Station.

 * Serious training of units for field employment of V-2 begun at Peenemünde. In January 1944, operational command of V-2 operations given to Gen. Richard Metz, leaving Gen. Dornberger in charge of V-2 development.

 * Jet propulsion static test laboratory constructed at NACA Laboratory in Cleveland, and full studies of jet propulsion for the Army and Navy were underway by the fall.

Summer 1943: Messerschmitt Me-163B rocket interceptor powered by Walther "hot" engine successfully flown at Bremen, Augsburg, and near Leipzig, Germany. Over 300 Me-163B's were produced by Junkers by the end of 1944.

August 7: German turbojet fighter, a Messerschmitt Me-262, demonstrated before Adolf Hitler in East Prussia.

August 17: AAF Schweinfurt-Regensburg deep-penetration daylight raid by 376 B-17's, with heavy loss of 60 bombers.

August 17-18: Royal Air Force attacked Germany's Peenemünde Rocket Research Center, causing heavy damage and delaying V-weapon program by weeks or months.

During August: Navy initiated development of McDonnell Phantom XFD-1 fighter, the first pure-jet aircraft developed for the USN. 44


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Cotton, Allin


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 of secret awe. He beckoned us to follow him, and we obeyed his solemn command like machines, forgetting where we were.

He led the way, with tottering knees, in awful solemn silence, and we followed him with beating hearts, expecting to behold unheard and wondrous things. We stepped into a spacious room, in the back part of which we saw a little door, Volkert opened it, leading us through an empty narrow anti-chamber to a folding door; there he stopped, looking back with a ghastly boding aspect, and put the key in the lock—now he turned it slowly and carefully, the folding door flew suddenly open, a thick smoke broke from it, as we entered, and darkened at first all the objects around.

'Ere long, I observed in the back part of the spacious apartment a human figure clad in a white garment. The smoke evaporated by degrees through the open door, and the figure grew brighter and brighter, and, ad-


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Cotton, Andrew


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Cotton, Bernard


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Cotton, David


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Cotton, Edward (1)


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Cotton, Edward (2)


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 vancing a few steps towards it, I fancied to discern some known lineaments. The smoke was now entirely evaporated, and the vision hovered clear and discernable before our gazing looks; I shuddered back when I beheld the exact image of Baron T before me. His tall slender figure, clad in a white night gown, struck our senses with awe, as he stood motionless before us—his looks denoted a man in the agony of death, his long black hair covered partly his pallid woe-worn cheeks, floating in a grisly manner down his shoulders.

The vision stared at me and my companions with a ghastly rueful aspect, it made my blood congeal, thrilling my soul with deadly horror; my hair rose up like bristles, and I staggered back towards my friends, who were standing by the door like lifeless statues, their faces wan, their looks bewildered—they resembled midnight spectres, just risen from the yawning grave. I collected all the small relics of courage, advancing again some paces


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Cotton, Edward (3)


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Cotton, Edward (4)


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Cotton, Francis


text:
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 -"Pleas don't -"I must. I want you to explain to me why you won't exhibit Dorian Gray's picture. I want the real reason." -"I told you the real reason." - "No: you did not. You said it was because there was too much of yourself it. Now, that is childish." "Harry", said Basil Hallward, looking him straight in the face, "every portrait that is painted with feeling is a portrait of the artist not of the sitter. The sitter is merely the accident, the occasion. It is not he who is revealed by the painter, it is rather the painter on the coloured canvas who reveals himself. The reason why I will not exhibit this picture, is that I am afraid that I have shown on it the secret of my own soul." Lord Henry laughed. "And what is that?" he asked. "I will tell you," said Hallward and an expression of perplexity came over his face. "I am all expectation, Basil," murmured his companion, looking at him. "Oh! There is really very little to


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Page:ประมวล รธน - ๒๕๕๗ (๑).pdf/378

 Persons have the equal right to receive the fundamental education under the law on compulsory education.

Persons have the freedom of education when it is not contrary to their civic duties under the Constitution and not contrary to the law on compulsory education and the law on establishment of educational institutions.

The academic freedom is protected but it must not be contrary to civic duties.

Persons have the freedom to assemble peacefully and without weapons.

This freedom shall not be restricted, save by virtue of the power under a provision of law and only in cases of public assemblies and for the purpose of protecting public convenience in using public places or for maintaining peace and order during the time the Country is in a state of fighting or war or during the time a state of emergency is announced or martial law is promulgated.

Persons have the freedom to form associations, unions, confederacies, cooperatives, or other bodies.

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text:
Page:Aeronautics and Astronautics Chronology 1915-1960.pdf/30

 Continuing with the text revision:

During August: German aircraft launched the first HS-293 radio-controlled glide bomb against a British ship in the Bay of Biscay, marking the beginning of guided-missile warfare.

September 1: Between May 1940 and this date, the United States produced 123,000 airplanes and 349,000 airplane motors.

During September: Rocket Development Branch created in Army Ordnance to direct and coordinate development on rockets.

 * U.S. Bell Airacomet first flown in England at Moreton Valence, resulting from an exchange for the first production model of a Meteor Mk I (EE210) sent to the United States.

Late September: Aberdeen Ballistic Research Laboratories' study entitled "Development of Long-Range Rocket Projectile" was submitted by the Army to the National Defense Research Committee. The project was accepted by NDRC.

October 2: First U.S. military rocket-powered airplane, the Rocket Ram, was tested as a glider by John Myers. It was equipped with an Aerojet XCAL-200 engine, using monoethylaniline as fuel.

October 8: First afterburner for turbojet engines in America built at NACA Lewis Flight Propulsion Laboratory.

October 10: USAAF demonstrated television control of a drone aircraft.

October 15: Details of the gyro fluxgate compass, giving accurate readings despite violent aircraft movements, were made public by Bendix Aviation.

During October: Division 5 of NDRC suggested to AAF the appointment of a general officer to coordinate the entire AAF guided-missile program.

 * Army General Staff created a new Weapons Division to coordinate research and development studies and plans among the Army and other divisions.

 * Navy BuOrd established a facility for testing rocket motors at the Naval Gun Factory, Washington, D.C.

November 8: Secretary of the Navy approved Naval Ordnance Test Station to be located on the west coast and to be under the cognizance of BuOrd. In December, its site was selected at Inyokern, China Lake, Calif.

November 30: Department of Aviation Medicine and Physiological Research was authorized at NAMC Philadelphia.

During November: Gen. H. H. Arnold, Chief of Air Staff, directed and authorized emphasis on research, development, and procurement of guided missiles, in response to known German advances.

 * Theodore von Karman submitted a proposal to Army Ordnance for developing long-range surface-to-surface missiles.

 * In response to military characteristics established by the Coast Artillery Board for a radio-controlled antiaircraft projectile, Frankford Arsenal conceived a guided-missile system based on existing fire-control knowledge.

December 24: The first major Eighth Air Force assault on German V-weapon sites was made when 670 B-17s and B-24s bombed the Pas de Calais area.

During December: The rocket aircraft research program was conceived by NACA's John Stack, to investigate the flight characteristics of an airplane flying beyond the speed of sound or Mach 1.

 * First turbojet light bomber flight, the German Arado Ar-234B, powered by two Junkers 004 engines.

During 1943: First jet-propelled rotor helicopter flown, the Austrian Doblhoff No. 1.

During 1942-43: Cal Tech studied pumping of liquid rocket propellants, particularly nitric acid, resulting in a successful design in 1945, which was set aside for future use due to the decision to concentrate on gas-pressurized fuel systems.

January 1: At the request of Army Ordnance, Cal Tech's rocket laboratory started a research and development program on long-range missiles, called Project ORDCIT, which resulted in the development of Private "A" and Corporal missiles.

January 8: First flight of Lockheed XP-80 at Muroc, powered by a British Halford turbojet engine, the first U.S. airplane designed from the beginning for turbojet propulsion. Rushed through development in 145 days by Lockheed's Clarence L. ("Kelley") Johnson, the P-80 was not distributed to tactical units until December 1945.

January 11: First U.S. combat use of forward-firing rockets made by Navy TBF-1Cs against a German submarine.

February 28: First firing of Nazi Germany's Wasserfall antiaircraft missile.

During February: Army Ordnance and AAF initiated development of a surface-to-air high-altitude supersonic guided missile, which subsequently became XSAM-A-7 Nike I.

March 16: At a seminar at NACA Langley Laboratory, attended by AF, Navy, and NACA personnel, NACA proposed the development of a jet-propelled transonic research airplane. This proposal ultimately led to the X-1 research airplane project.

During March: First operation of a turbojet engine in an altitude facility was conducted at NACA Lewis Laboratory during tests of the P-59 propulsion system, making major contributions to U.S. turbojet engine development.

May 9: First flight of an aircraft modified to demonstrate high-lift boundary layer control made by Lt. Col. R. E. Horner, a project initiated in May 1942 by USAAF contract.

May 10: Bell helicopter made an indoor demonstration flight at Buffalo, N.Y., Floyd Carlson as pilot.

May 28-June 1: U.S. Navy airships K-123 and K-130 completed the first nonrigid transatlantic crossing from Boston to Port Lyautey, via Newfoundland and the Azores.

May 31: First launching of the experimental VB-7 vertical bomb, incorporating television.

June 13: The first German V-1s fired in anger, launched from France against England with 4 of the 11 striking London.

During June: Remains of a V-2 which impacted in Sweden were flown to England for Allied analysis.

July 5: The MX-324, the first U.S. military rocket-powered plane built by Northrop, was flown by test pilot Harry Crosby, at Harper Dry Lake, Calif.

July 29: First successful test of the Pelican guided missile; two of four launched were hits against a target ship 44 miles offshore from NAS New York.

During July: Robert R. Gilruth of the Langley Flight Research Division, prompted by the need for an experimental method of gathering aerodynamic data at transonic speeds, conceived the wing-flow method.

 * First positive identification of German turbojet interceptors used against Allied bombers.

 * RAF formed first Meteor jet squadrons for use against V-1s.

Summer 1944: German "Reichenberg" program began for the use of manned V-1s air-launched from He-111s for suicide missions; test flights were made at Peenemünde.

August 4: The first Aphrodite mission (radio-controlled aircraft carrying 20,000 pounds of TNT) was flown against rocket sites in the Pas de Calais area.

45
 * Meteor EE 216 became the first British jet fighter to destroy an enemy aircraft, by tipping a German V-1 Flying Bomb with a wingtip.


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174

Upstarted Siegmund, crying: “What grief hath happened

Unto the fair Kriemhilda, as thou just now hast said?”

Then spake the herald, weeping, “I cannot it withhold:

Ay! Siegfried hath been murder’d, the Netherlander bold!”

Then spake the noble Siegmund: “Pray let this jesting be,

And of such evil stories, beware, for love of me,

The like you tell to no man,— how Siegfried hath been slain:

In such case could I never live happily again.”

“If thou wilt not believe me when thou hast heard my tale,

With thine own ears ’tis easy to hear Kriemhilda wail;

For she and all her people are mourning Siegfried dead.”

Then sore afraid was Siegmund: and sad was he indeed.

Straight from his couch upsprang he, with five score of his men;

They reach’d their hands in search of their weapons long and keen,

And ran, grief-stricken, thither to where they heard the cries;

Then, too, the thousand warriors of Siegfried bold did rise.

Whilst piteously the women were heard to weep and moan,

Some of the men bethought them that raiment they should don:

Ay, scarcely for their trouble could they their senses keep.

And bitter was the anguish that in their hearts lay deep.

Soon came the royal Siegmund to where Kriemhild did stand.

He spake: “Woe on the journey that brought us to this land

Who hath thy husband taken, and reft me of my son,

And, amidst friends and kinsmen, thus murderously done?”


text:
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 bumblebees... There were also fish of all shapes, big crabs that only walk sideways; shrimps that got in the way with so many legs; shellfish with open shells like books; snails that carry the house on their backs and feel their way with their trunks. There was even an old Austro-South American side-neck turtle with little black eyes and a re-varnished shell. The orchestra was made up of cicadas and small birds: canaries, siskin, seadeaters, house wren, tyrants. At its head was a chalk-browed mockingbird, a famous conductor. This orchestra performed the most beautiful music in the world, nightingale fados, plumbeous seedeater songs, kingfisher barcaroles. It was beautiful!

At last the prince gave the order for the quadrille. The orchestra broke into a composition by the conductor Double-collared seedeater and the gentlemen began to


text:
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 choose the ladies to dance. The marker was a lively blue manakin, a famous master in the courtroom. Narizinho, sitting on the throne, was itching to dance. But the quadrille passed and no one came to take her away. Soon afterwards, however, the orchestra broke into the Royal Waltz and the prince stood up and said to the girl:

— Our turn has come. Would you do me the honor of this waltz?

Narizinho, who wanted nothing more, climbed down from the throne and, in the prince's arms, spun around the room so fast that she looked like a living spinning top. When the South American side-neck turtle saw this, he whispered to the snail: "If that lively little fellow took you out to dance, what would become of you, buddy?"


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When with weary eyes the candle I blow out, my thoughts still stray,

While the clock alone is treading on old Time’s unending way.

If I draw aside the curtains, in the middle of the night,

All the room at once is flooded with the moon’s voluptuous light;

From the deep night of remembrance back again she doth recall

An eternity of sorrows and in dream we feel them all.

Moon, the world’s vault gliding over, Queen who dost o’er oceans reign,

Giving life to thoughts, thou soothest with sweet balm our endless pain;

Deserts vast and lonely glisten ’neath thy clear light, purest maid,

And the sparkling spring that’s hidden far away in forest glade!

On how many countless billows doth thy power hold its sway,

When thou glidest forth on ocean’s moving solitary way!

And what flowered shores, what cities and what palaces are shown,

Through thy magic charm transfigured, but to thee, to thee alone!

Through how many thousand windows dost thou enter still and soft,

Shining mild on brows which ponder, into eyes that look aloft!

There a king, great plans combining, round the globe a web doth twine,

While what he will do to-morrow scarce a poor man can divine…

Though their lots are cast asunder, both are doomed by fate’s great might,

Both are swayed by death’s grim genius and the ray of thy pure light;

Slaves of the same chain of passions in this same world, willy-nilly,

Be they weak, or be they mighty, be they geniuses or silly.

This one, pleased with his own image, in the mirror curls his hair,

While through space and time another searches for what’s true and fair,

He from yellow leaves will gather countless trifles, one by one,

And their transient names well scoring, this is all that he has done;

While a third, behind his counter, marks what he has bought and sold,

In his grandest dreams sees only galleons freighted down with gold.

title: Page:Poems (Eminescu).pdf/18


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 There alone the aged Master silently is reasoning,

Leaning on his worn out elbows, lost in endless reckoning,

Lank and slender, bent and crookèd, shivering as he doth linger,

All the universe unmeasured resting on his little finger.

For there under his broad forehead past and future, all is clear,

The eternal night, vast spaces, all like problems solved appear;

And like Atlas who in old times bore the skies upon his shoulders,

So he all supports with numbers—the eternal world’s upholders.

While the moon shines on piled volumes, he returneth with his mind

In a twinkling over aeons, endless centuries behind.

First of all, in the beginning, in the utter nothingness,

With no being, no existence, lifeless, will-less, purposeless,

When there was no thought, no secret, and yet nothing was disclosed.

When, himself alone conceiving, sole the Unconceived reposed,

Was there nothing but a chasm filled with waters? An Abyss?

There was yet no world imagined, and no mind to think of this,

For there was an utter darkness, not the slightest ray of light,

Nothing to be seen whatever, not an eye to pierce with sight:

Shadows of things uncreated had not yet begun to creep,

Quiet, with itself contented, reigned calm peace, eternal sleep!

But at once a point, one only… it moved onward, fast and faster,

Chaos was its Mother; Father it became and world’s great master.

Weaker than from froth the bubble, this point, from which all things soared,

Moving on the world’s great vastness, it became the boundless lord.

Since then all that mist eternal, streak by streak, was soon dispelled,

Since then rose sun, moon, the whole world, elements their power held.

Since then up to this day always, colonies of worlds long lost

Through the deep grey vales of chaos are on unknown pathways tossed.

Springing forth like swarms effulgent, from the infinite come thronging,

They to life allured are driven by an unquenched thirst and longing.

And in that great world, we, nothings, children of this little one,

Build on earth our tiny ant-hills, heaping riches we have won;

Kings and emperors, hosts unnumbered, in successive generations,

We think marvellous, Great Powers, our poor microscopic nations;

Flies that live a day, forgetting, in a tiny network trapped,

That this world is but a twinkle, and in utter darkness wrapped.

Like the dust that dances gaily in the kingdom of a ray,

From the sight soon disappearing when that beam has gone away,

title: Page:Poems (Eminescu).pdf/19


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 August 13: Two GB-4 glide bombs, incorporating television and radio control, were launched against E-boat pens at Le Havre, France. Four additional GB-1s were sent against targets in France and Germany between August 17 and September 13, 1944.

During August: German Me-163B Komet rocket-powered fighters first attacked American bomber formations over Europe. The Me-163 had sweptback wings, a Walther liquid-fuel rocket motor, a speed of 590 mph, and a powered flight duration of 8-10 minutes.

September 3: Torpex-laden Liberator drone flown from an airfield at Feresfield, England, by Lt. Ralph Spaulding (USN), who set radio control and bailed out, after which the drone was guided from a parent aircraft to a German airfield on Helgoland Island.

September 6: Navy awarded a contract to McDonnell Aircraft for the development of the Gargoyle or LBD-1, a radio-controlled low-wing gliding bomb fitted with a rocket booster and designed for use with carrier-based aircraft.

September 8: The first German V-2 fired in combat exploded in a suburb of Paris; the second struck London a few hours later.

September 14: Successful flight into a hurricane for scientific data was made by Col. Floyd B. Wood, Maj. Harry Wexler, and Lt. Frank Reckord in a Douglas A-20.

September 18: Navy Pelican guided missile production was terminated and the project returned to developmental status due to tactical and logistic problems.

During September: Brig. Gen. W. A. Borden, Chief of the New Developments Division of the War Department, announced that Ordnance would develop wingless ballistic-type missiles and the AAF would develop winged pilotless-aircraft-type missiles with mutual cooperation in the development of warheads and other equipment.

 * USAAF accelerated development of the JB-2 robot bomb based on the design of the German V-1.

During October: Dr. H. J. E. Reid, Engineer-in-Charge of the Langley Laboratory, became the scientific chief of the War Department's Alsos Mission charged with gathering information on the enemy's scientific research and development.

During Fall: Preliminary studies were made of velocity gradients above wings of high-speed subsonic airplanes to determine the feasibility of utilizing the wing-flow method in transonic model tests, at NACA Langley Laboratory. This led to tests of a series of small airfoil models by this method, and later to the use of rockets in flying aircraft models.

November 1: The nation's first center devoted to the research and development of rocket propulsion systems, founded at Cal Tech in 1936, was reorganized and renamed the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL).

November 1-December 7: Representatives of 52 nations (excluding Axis nations and U.S.S.R.) met in the International Civil Aviation Conference in Chicago; they turned down the "blue skies" legal concept and reaffirmed the doctrine of national sovereignty in air space, and established the Provisional International Civil Aviation Organization (PICAO) to regulate international air commerce.

November 7: Gen. H. H. Arnold requested Dr. Theodore von Karman to "investigate all possibilities and desirabilities for postwar and future war's development as respects the AAF." Dr. von Karman organized the AAF Scientific Advisory Group for this purpose.

November 15: Army Ordnance initiated the Hermes program for research and development of ballistic missiles with a prime contract with General Electric Co.

November 17: Navy BuAer undertook feasibility studies of the JB-2 Army version of the German V-1, which subsequently became the Loon.

During November: First flight use of a radio telemeter for transmitting research data at transonic speeds, by the bomb-drop technique at NACA's Langley Laboratory.

December 1-16: At Camp Irwin, Calif., 24 Private "A" rockets were launched by JPL, only 11 months after the start of Project ORDCIT.

Continuing with the text revision:

December 13-14: In an AAF-NACA conference, Air Force representatives indicated a strong preference for the use of rocket engines instead of jets in the X-1 research airplane project.

During December: Army Ordnance made plans under the Hermes program to study the German V-2 missile.

 * Glenn L. Martin granted $1,700,000 to the University of Maryland for the establishment of a College of Engineering and Aeronautical Sciences.

During 1944: NACA established a Special Committee on Self-Propelled Guided Missiles to recommend and coordinate research related to guided missiles.

 * USAAF VB-1 controlled-trajectory air-to-surface bomb (Azon) produced and used in European and Burma theaters.

 * Supersonic wind tunnel (Mach 1.7) completed at Aberdeen Proving Ground for use in ballistic research and development.

 * Initial contracts for rocket research aircraft development were let by the AAF for the XS-1 with Bell Aircraft and by the Navy with Douglas Aircraft for the D-558-1, with NACA providing technical support under a cooperative agreement.

During 1944-1945: The first full-scale supersonic propulsion wind tunnel (8 by 6 feet) was conceived, designed, and directed by Abe Silverstein at NACA Lewis Laboratory. Capable of accommodating full-scale supersonic aircraft engines, it was the first of its size to have a flexible-wall test section, which allowed variations from Mach 1.4 to 2.

 * Japan launched approximately 10,000 Fugo balloons (30-foot diameter) carrying incendiaries and aimed at the North American continent.

January 20: Robert T. Jones, a NACA Langley aeronautical scientist, formulated the sweptback-wing concept to overcome shockwave effects at critical Mach numbers. He verified it in wind-tunnel experiments in March 1945 prior to learning of parallel German work. It was subsequently checked by the wing-flow technique before the first NACA report was issued in June.

January 24: Germans successfully launched the A-9, a winged prototype of the first ICBM (the A-10) designed to reach North America. The A-9 reached a peak altitude of nearly 50 miles and a maximum speed of 2,700 mph.

During January: JNW created a Guided Missiles Committee to formulate a broad program of research and development in the guided missiles field. The committee consisted of two members from OSRD, one from NACA, three from the Army, and three from the Navy.

During January: The German Luftwaffe formed a special squadron of 16 Me-262 jet fighters, each armed with twenty-four 55-mm high-explosive rockets, which operated with high success against Allied bomber formations.

February 20: The Secretary of War approved Ordnance plans for the establishment of the White Sands Proving Ground (WSPG).

During February: Project Nike was initiated by Army Ordnance with the Western Electric Co. to explore a new air defense system against high-speed and high-altitude bombers beyond the reach of conventional artillery.

 * AAF contracted with Bell for the construction of three transonic flight research aircraft, to be powered by liquid rocket engines. The aircraft were designated XS-1, and later X-1.

March 8: Navy's rocket-powered Gorgon air-to-air missile was launched from a PBY-5A in its first powered test flight off Cape May, N.J. 48


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 So too, in this everlasting, deep night of eternity Shines a ray, a passing instant, in the vast immensity; When extinguished, like a shadow, back to darkness will be hurled This vain dream of a nonbeing, all this fleeting phantom world.

But the thinker in the present doth not stop, his mind is led In a twinkling over aeons, endless centuries ahead: This resplendent sun, so beauteous, now he sees it brown-red, dull, Like a wound in dark clouds, dreary, or in storms a drifting hull; All the planets, which no longer curbs with mighty reins the sun, Frozen in their hearts, as maddened, wildly through the spaces run. Like a temple that is shattered, breaks in pieces all this sphere, Like the leaves in autumn falling, all the stars now disappear, And all time is dead and burried, it becomes eternity, Nothing happens now and empty is the vast immensity, In the deep night of nonbeing everything again doth creep, Quiet, with itself contented, reigns calm peace, eternal sleep.

From the lowest to the highest, from the beggar to the king, With their painful life’s enigma all are vainly labouring. Who is the most miserable? Who in this poor world can say? All are like, and over others rises only he who may, While so many, humble hearted, lying in the shadow, thrown From the way, or tossed or driven, like the foam will die unknown. What doth blind fate care whatever for their wishes, thoughts or strife? Like the stormy wind it passes over this poor human life.

If he’s praised by all his fellows and acknowledged by his age, What will he win from these praises for himself the wise old sage? Immortality! Yea, truly all that he could do and be Twined around one great idea, like the ivy to the tree. „Though I die—he says—like others, centuries will bear my fame Everywhere and through all ages, and from mouth to mouth my name Borne along with all my writings, in this world’s uproar and welter, In uncounted minds alighting, they will find a quiet shelter!“ Poor old man, dost thou remember all that thou hast seen and heard, All that thou thyself hast spoken, every name and every word? Here and there perhaps an image, or the traces of a thought, But a word, a slip of paper, all just little more than nought.

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 When thy life thou scarcely knowest thinkest thou that others care Thoroughly to know thy story or thy memory to spare? Later, some pedantic scholar, on the trashy volumes’ pile Sitting, trash himself, will study in thy books the Attic style, Showing some mistakes and errors, which thou madest long ago, And the dust of those old volumes from his spectacles will blow; To reward thy toil he’ll give thee, great attention, learned sage, Two lines in a random footnote, ending thus a stupid page.

One may build a world, destroy it: over what one thinks holds fast. Whatsoe’er it be, a shovel full of earth is thrown at last. Heads a universe enclosing, sceptered hands desiring sway Over empires vast unbounded, ’tween four boards must lie one day… There a funeral procession gravely, solemnly advances, So ironically splendid, with indifferent side glances; And some little man’s oration, this will be of all the ending, Not thy character extolling, but himself at last commending Under thy good name’s great shadow: this is all that waits for thee.

But posterity e’en fairer still will be, O thou wilt see… Since they could not reach thy standard, thinkest thou they will admire? The biographer so artful, who fulfils all their desire, Him they’ll praise, when he will show that thou resemblest all the others, Not a genius, but so common, that you well might have been brothers. All are highly flattered thinking that thou wert not more than they, And with pride their nostrils swelling, their stupidity display; Always when they talk about thee in their learned coteries, With ironic smile to praise thee, in mere words, well settled ’tis. Falling to their hands, with pleasure, with great joy they’ll dust thy jacket, They will judge with understanding, without seeing that they lack it… They will seek out all thy blunders, out of malice sheer to blame thee, To find all the little scandals, every blemish, to defame thee— This is all that brings thee near them, not the light that thou hast shed In this world of sin and sorrow, but the faults, the sins inbred, And the lassitude, the weakness, all that may impair thy worth, Evils fatally inherent in a handful of this earth; Miseries of poor tormented human soul, for everyone These will be the things that please them, not what thou hast thought and done

title: Page:Poems (Eminescu).pdf/21


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 In this springtime, on the gardens, on the blossoms fragrant, tender, On the beautiful, wide landscape, sheds the moon her quiet splendour! She from deep night of remembrance countless longings doth recall, Soothing endless pains and sorrows, now in dreams we feel them all, To our own thought’s world she opens wide and large an entrance door. Raising round us endless shadows, marvels of the dark before… Deserts vast and lonely glisten ’neath thy clear light, purest maid, And the sparkling spring that’s hidden far away in forest glade! On how many countless billows doth thy power hold its sway, When thou glidest forth on ocean’s moving solitary way, And o’er all of us abiding under fate’s grand, awful might, Sways alike grim death’s great genius and the ray of thy pure light!

title: Page:Poems (Eminescu).pdf/22


text: Index:Peterson's Magazine 1852, Volume XXI.pdf


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Why my pen, that once was busy, idly on the inkstand slumbers? Why am I not, work forgetting, tempted by the rhythmic numbers? Sleeping in the yellow pages, why no longer to me corne All the trochees, soaring iambs, and the dactyls frolicsome? Could I tell you all the hardship of my poor life day by day, You would see that I’ve great reason this my pen to throw away. After all this useless struggle is there any reason why In new form the old, wise language I to mould again should try? That profound, mysterious feeling, sleeping on my harp-strings well, Must I now retail in couplets, like the goods the merchants sell?

Yes, of course, you will now answer, ’twould be well if for my name In this world I should acquire with my verse immortal fame. If with dedicating poems to great ladies court I paid, Men of influence attracting, thus my fortune would be made, And, fulfilled the mind’s ambition, would the soul’s distress allay. My dear friends, so many others have already trod this way. In our age quite well we know them, those strange bards who only list Highest offices and many, everyone a pluralist. Writing compliments to ladies and to statesmen; with their lyres Trying only to accomplish in this world their mean desires. In saloons these vapid idols now become our men of note, Their career they strive to make, protected by a petticoat.

Why do I not go on writing for my name, for glory? Why? Is there truly any glory in the desert thus to cry? When to selfish passions only all poor mortals are the slaves, Glory is a fancy idol praised by thousands of dull knaves, Who call great a dwarfish creature, and a mighty genius see In what is from froth the bubble in a trifling century.

title: Page:Poems (Eminescu).pdf/23


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 Shall I now again my lyre strike extolling love? A chain That ’twixt two or sev’ral wooers may be shared, supremely vain. Must we all, like fools, adoring at the women’s feet down lay us, Like the operetta chorus that is led by Menelaus? Nowadays the women, often, like the world, are but a school, Where one learns humiliation, and to suffer is the rule. To these colleges of science of the goddess Venus come Crowding ardently our young men, even of the youngest some; Till that whole school lies in ruins, go they must the beardless youth, A veneer is all their knowledge, nought they learn of life and truth.

Do you still those years remember when we sat on benches dreaming, Listening how the poor old masters Time’s worn coat were patching, seaming; Corpses only of odd moments gathered from their trashy books, In the shreds of things deep wisdom seeking with their drowsy looks? Softly murmuring a fountain deep they were of horum-harum, With much toil but scarcely earning nervum rerum gerendarum, With the deepest veneration they wound up the spirit’s pulley, With Egyptian kings, plants, planets, thus our poor brains cramming fully.

The astronomer methinks I see, how from the chasm’s yawn Easily as from a drawer one by one the worlds were drawn, Dark eternity unrolling, he then taught us marvelling How the epochs, like a necklace, pearl by pearl, thus formed a string, Like the learned Galileo in our hearts we then could feel How the whole world’s sphere was whirling round and round as does a reel.

With dead languages, with planets, in the dizziness of dream, Our old master some moth-eaten mummy of a king would seem; While he spoke of king Sesostris, on the walls and on the ceiling I examined all the cobwebs, dreamt of blue eyes, my mind reeling, And on copybooks, on margins, wrote down verses for some Flora, With her rosy cheeks, capricious, telling how I did adore her. So in a confused, wild jumble floated there before my mind Kings, and animals, and planets; images of every kind, All things, even boys’ pens scraping, to the silence charm then gave, In my dream I saw green meadows, cornfields in the wind would wave, In an infinite all melted, down would fall my heavy head; When the bell rang, old Sesostris must already have been dead.

title: Page:Poems (Eminescu).pdf/24


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 Then the fancied world was living, its existence we could feel, While the actual one, so squalid, seemed far distant and unreal; Only now we see how barren, rough and narrow is the road On which honest souls, like pilgrims have to stagger with their load. In this common world of ours it is dangerous to dream, Lost you are with your illusions, and ridiculous you’ll seem.

Therefore it is useless asking why my pen so idly slumbers, Why am I not, work forgetting, tempted by the rhythmic numbers, Sleeping in the yellow pages, why no longer to me come All the trochees, soaring iambs, and the dactyls frolicsome; If I were to write more verses I’m afraid that I might raise The applause of that wild rabble, my contemporaries’ praise. If serene I bear their hatred, and my heart is not impressed, It is certain with their praises I should sorely be distressed.

title: Page:Poems (Eminescu).pdf/25


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Rh

"Concurrently: An effort should be made to strengthen the posture in South Vietnam. Integrating (interleading in a single chain of command) the South Vietnamese and U.S. military and civilian elements critical to pacification, down. at least to the district level, might be undertaken."

5 (D-16) Direct CINCIAC to take all prepositioning and logistic actions that can be taken 'quietly for the D-Day forces and the forces described in Paragraph 17 below.

6. (D-15) Get Khanh's agreement to start overt South Vietnamese air attacks against targets in the North (see D-Day item 15 below), and inform him of U.S. guarantee to protect South Vietnam In the event of North Vietnamese and/or Chinese retaliation.

7 (D-14) Consult with Thailand and the Philippines to get permission for U.S. deployments; and consult with them plus U.K. Australia, New Zealand and Pakistan, asking for their open political cal support for the undertaking and for their participation in the re-enforcing action to be undertaken in anticipation of North Vietnamese and or Chinese retaliation.

8 (D-13) Release an expended 'Jordan Report,' including recent photography and evidence of the communications nets, giving. full documentation of North Vietnamese supply and direction of the Viet Cong.

9 (D-12) Direct CINCPAC to begin moving forces and making specific plans on the assumption that strikes will be made on D-Day (see Attachment B* In backup materials for deployments).

10 (D-10) Khanh makes speech demanding that North Vietnam stop aggression, threatening unspecified military action if he does not. (He could refer to a 'carrot.')

11(D-3) Discussions with Allies not covered in Item 7 above.

12 (D-3) President Informs U.S. public (and thereby North Vietnam) that action may come, referring to Khanh speech (Item 10 above) and declaring support for South Vietnam.

13(D-1) Khanh announces that all efforts have failed and that attacks are imminent. (Again he refers to limited goal and possibly to "carrot.")

14. (D-Ley) Remove U.S. dependents. Rh


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title: Page:Poems, chiefly lyrical.pdf/113