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EARLY one year has flown since this notable pilgrimage was ended; and as I sit here at home in San Francisco thinking, I am moved to confess that day by day the mass of my memories of the excursion have grown more and more pleasant as the disagreeable incidents of travel which encumbered them flitted one by one out of my mind—and now, if the Quaker City were weighing her anchor to sail away on the very same cruise again, nothing could gratify me more than to be a passenger. With the same captain and even the same pilgrims, the same sinners. I was on excellent terms with eight or nine of the excursionists (they are my staunch friends yet,) and was even on speaking terms with the rest of the sixty-five. I have been at sea quite enough to know that that was a very good average. Because a long sea-voyage not only brings out all the mean traits one has, and exaggerates them, but raises up others which he never suspected he possessed, and even creates new ones. A twelve months’ voyage at sea would make of an ordinary man a very miracle of meanness. On the other hand, if a man has good qualities, the spirit seldom moves him to exhibit them on shipboard, at least with any sort of emphasis. Now I am satisfied that our pilgrims are pleasant old people on shore; I am also satisfied that at sea on a second voyage they would be pleasanter, somewhat, than they were on our grand excursion, and so I say without hesitation that I would be glad enough to sail with them again. I could at least enjoy life with my handful of old friends. They could enjoy life with their cliques as well—passengers invariably divide up into cliques, on all ships.


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 The ſame ſpirit pearcing & paſſing forth to the hollow place of the braine, is ther more directed and made ſubtill and is chaunged into ſpirit Animal, which is more ſubtile then the other. And ſo this  is quickened in the formoſt Concauit or hollowneſſe of the braine, and is ſomewhat ſpread into the limmes of féeling. But yet neuertheleſſe ſome part thereof abideth in the foreſaid cels that Senſus communis, the common wit, and the vertue imaginatiue may be made perfect. Then hée paſſeth into the middle cell that is called Logiſties, ſo make the intelligence & vnderſtanding perfect. And when he hath informed the intellect, thē he paſſeth forth to place of memory. And bearing with him prints of likenes, which be made in thoſe other cells, he laieth them vp in the chamber of Memory. From the hindermoſt part of the braine, he pearceth & paſſeth by the marrow of the ridge bone, & commeth to the ſinews of mouing, that ſo ſedain mouing may be of full working in all the parts of the neather body. Then one and the ſame ſpirit corporall, ſubtill, and airely, through diuerſe offices in diuerſe lims, is named by diuerſe names. For by working in liuer it is called , in the heart , & in the head Spiritus animalis. We may not beléeue that this ſpirit is mans reaſonable ſoule: but more truly the chaire or vpholder therof, and proper inſtrument. For by meane of ſuch a ſpirit, the ſoule is ioyned to the bodie: and without the ſeruice of ſuch a ſpirit, no act, the ſoule may perfectly exerciſe in the bodie. And therefore if theſe ſpirites bée diminiſhed, or lette of theyr working in anye worke, the accord of the bodie and ſoule is reſolued, the reaſonable ſpirit is let of all his workes in the bodye. As it is ſeene in them that be amazed, and madde men and franticke, and in other that oſt leeſe the vſe of reaſon. And that is becauſe the inſtrument of the ſpirite is hurt by ſome humour either by ſome wounde. And if theſe ſpirites be comforted, the Soule is comforted: And if they bée feebled, either fayled, the Soule is feebled in his working, touching the ruling of the bodie: as ſayth Conſtantinus. And touching this preſent treatiſe, that that is ſpoken of thoſe ſpirites ſhall ſuffice.

Of the pulſes. Chap. 23.
FOr that the pulſe is a kindly working and effect of the ſpirit Vitalis, it belongeth that we declare ſomewhat of the pulſes, and of their properties The pulſe is a moouing? uinde by opening & cloſing of the heart and of the vaines. Then ſith the heart, being in continuall mouing, from the middle to the vttermoſt parte, in the mouing of the bloud and heate, and in the pulſe of the ſpirit vitall is continuallye moued, by ſuch a mouing he openeth towarde the vtter parts. And when he moueth backward from the vtter parts towarde the middle, then he is conſtrained and cloſed. Wherefore the opening of the heart is to drawe in colde aire, and the cloſing thereof is to put out airie fumoſitie or ſmoake, and theſe two be cauſe of the pulſe. Moreouer the pulſe is needfull, that the diſpoſition ſpirituall be vnderſtood, and the working thereof knowne. The pulſe beginneth at the heart, and ſpreadeth by the vains to the vtter parts of the bodie. And it ſheweth the ſtate of the heart, and the working therof. Phiſitions vſe to finde pulſe not in all parts of the bodie, but commonly in  armes. And that by mouing of the vaines. For in ſome partes, they may not well bee diſcerned, becauſe they be farre from the middle of the heart, and in ſome hiding of the heart that ruleth and gouerneth: & in ſome for ſtraightneſſe of the bones: And therefore olde wiſe men choſe the vaines of the arme to aſſaye the pulſe, And that becauſe it was more eaſie, more profitable, and more honeſt. More eaſie, for that fleſhly partes hide not the vaine: More profitable, becauſe the vains of the arme be neérer the heart then the other: More honeſt for that thereof commeth no ſhame to the Phiſition, neither to the ſick man. It were vnſéemely and vncomely to vnheale the priuy lims. The pulſe is felt and knowen by ſetting

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Page:Batman upon Bartolome.djvu/81


text:
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Rh And I will say, here, that I would rather travel with an excursion party of Methuselahs than have to be changing ships and comrades constantly, as people do who travel in the ordinary way. Those latter are always grieving over some other ship they have known and lost, and over other comrades whom diverging routes have separated from them. They learn to love a ship just in time to change it for another, and they become attached to a pleasant traveling companion only to lose him. They have that most dismal experience cf being in a strange vessel, among strange people who care nothing about them, and of undergoing the customary bullying by strange officers and the insolence of strange servants, repeated over and over again within the compass of every month. They have also that other misery of packing and unpacking trunks—of running the distressing gauntlet of custom-houses—of the anxieties attendant upon getting a mass of baggage from point to point on land in safety. I had rather sail with a whole brigade of patriarchs than suffer so. We never packed our trunks but twice—when we sailed from New York, and when we returned to it. Whenever we made a land journey, we estimated how many days we should be gone and what amount of clothing we should need, figured it down to a mathematical nicety, packed a valise or two accordingly, and left the trunks on board. We chose our comrades from among our old, tried friends, and started. We were never dependent upon strangers for companionship. We often had occasion to pity Americans whom we found traveling drearily among strangers with no friends to exchange pains and pleasures with. Whenever we were coming back from a land journey, our eyes sought one thing in the distance first—the ship—and when we saw it riding at anchor with the flag apeak, we felt as a returning wanderer feels when he sees his home. When we stepped on board, our cares vanished, our troubles were at an end—for the ship was home to us. We always had the same familiar old state-room to go to, and feel safe and at peace and comfortable again.

I have no fault to find with the manner in which our excur-


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650 sion was conducted. Its programme was faithfully carried out—a thing which surprised me, for great enterprises usually promise vastly more than they perform. It would be well if such an excursion could be gotten up every year and the system regularly inaugurated. ‘Travel is fatal to prejudice, bigotry and narrow-mindedness, and many of our people need it sorely on these accounts. Broad, wholesome, charitable views of men and things can not be acquired by vegetating in one little corner of the earth all one’s lifetime.

The Excursion is ended, and has passed to its place among the things that were. But its varied scenes and its manifold incidents will linger pleasantly in our memories for many a year to come. Always on the wing, as we were, and merely pausing a moment to catch fitful glimpses of the wonders of half a world, we could not hope to receive or retain vivid impressions of all it was our fortune to see. Yet our holyday flight has not been in vain—for above the confusion of vague recollections, certain of its best prized pictures lift themselves and will still continue perfect in tint and outline after their surroundings shall have faded away.

We shall remember something of pleasant France; and something also of Paris, though it flashed upon us a splendid meteor, and was gone again, we hardly knew how or where. We shall remember, always, how we saw majestic Gibraltar glorified with the rich coloring of a Spanish sunset and swimming in a sea of rainbows. In fancy we shall see Milan again, and her stately Cathedral with its marble wilderness of graceful spires. And Padua—Verona—Como, jeweled with stars; and patrician Venice, afloat on her stagnant flood—silent, desolate, haughty—scornful of her humbled state—wrapping herself in memories of her lost fleets, of battle and triumph, and all the pageantry of a glory that is departed.

We can not forget Florence—Naples—nor the foretaste of heaven that is in the delicious atmosphere of Greece—and surely not Athens and the broken temples of the Acropolis. Surely not venerable Rome—nor the green plain that compasses her round about, contrasting its brightness with her


text:
User:SnowyCinema/SIW/Automatic transclusion

The premise behind this section of the idea is to make transclusion something that is entirely, or at least almost entirely, handled by the backend of the site.

History
Automatic transclusion of pages is something that has been done in the past by several prolific contributors, including SnowyCinema, Inductiveload, and Mpaa, among many others. Usually, this is either done through personal user JavaScript, or, more commonly, with Pywikibot, a Python package commonly used for bot accounts.

In other words, automatic transclusion has generally meant transcluding pages into the mainspace by means of automated editing. But these sorts of automated editing technologies have only been in the hands of contributors knowledgable enough technically to do this sort of work, or those who know how to contact them. This leaves a significant gap between most new editors who want to contribute something meaningful, and active contributors who have been in the community for quite some time. That is a huge problem, because transclusion is one of the more annoying and repetitive parts of contributing to this project.

Proposed method
Basically, the way I think transclusion should ideally work is that it is entirely controlled by the backend, with little to no human interference. So, when you proofread enough pages that an entire chapter is proofread, the transclusion process will happen automatically, given that all the parameters are properly specified.

Sectioning out chapters
In my proposed method, the chapter headers will be controlled by a magic word, possibly or. This will control what the chapter header says, which will be detailed in another page later. But it will also tell the technology that this is where a specific chapter starts. , in this example, will signify that the chapter has ended.

For example, for Dangerous Business/Chapter 1:

Page 1 (start of chapter):

When you place "CHAPTER" in the page in this way,

Page 9 (end of chapter):

Once is specified, and ProofreadPage detects that each of the pages at least exist (and are of the "Not Proofread" or "1" status at least), the site's backend will automatically transclude the material implicitly. No bot would be needed for this, since the site itself will do this and perhaps label the creator of the first page (or something like that) as the transcluder.

For sections that appear in multiple places and need to be transcluded together as one chapter (such as continued stories in periodicals), something like a should do the trick.

At some point the user may be prompted as to whether or not they want the page transcluded. I'm not really sure whether or not consent should be involved in the process.

But with this, we're already delving into territory far astray from what Wikisource has ever tried.


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Page:Legends of Rubezahl, and Other Tales (1845).djvu/190

 disobedience of his exhortations to peace and union, the good priest had restored conjugal quiet to many a house; even the surly Stephen had been fain, more than once, at his remonstrance, to make an effort and be less morose to his wife. To him, therefore, the anxious woman now repaired, related to him without reserve her adventure with Rubezahl, explained to him her anxious uncertainty how most safely to dispose of the treasure, so that neither Stephen nor any one else should for the present be at all aware of its extent; and finally, as an undeniable proof of the truth of what she had been stating, showed him the treasure itself, which she had brought at her back in a sack. The good priest crossed himself over and over again, as the wonderful narration proceeded, and crossed himself more than ever when he saw the heap of gold. He then, after cordially congratulating his parishioner on her happy change of fortune, began to pull his night-cap to and fro on his forehead, by way of rubbing up his ideas, so as to discover the best possible expedient for securing to her the quiet possession of her treasure, without any noise or talk about the singular manner in which she had acquired it, and at the same time without allowing the avaricious Stephen to put his clutches upon it.

After considering awhile: “Listen, my daughter,” said he; “I have thought of a capital plan; we will weigh this gold, which I will then get converted into


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 money, and take charge of for thee. I will then write in Italian a letter, which shall announce to thee that thy brother, who, we will say, many years ago went to the Indies to seek his fortune, has just died at Venice on his return home, and has left thee all his money, on condition that the priest of thy parish shall have the management of it for thy sole use and benefit, uncontrolled by any other person whatever. For myself, I require neither reward nor thanks; but thou wilt, I am sure, feel, that to Holy Church thou owest thy gratitude for the blessing which Heaven has thus bestowed upon thee.” The worthy woman was delighted with this plan, and readily promised to give a rich surplice for mass; the priest then weighed the gold with the most scrupulous precision, and having safely deposited it for the present in the church-chest, its happy owner took her leave, and returned home with a light heart.

Rubezahl was no less a defender of the fair than was the priest of Kirsdorf, but with a difference; the latter professing a general attachment, of course of a purely virtuous and benevolent character, for the whole sex, without any especial predilection for one more than another, which profession he had so uniformly acted up to, that not even the breath of scandal had brought suspicion upon his conduct; whereas the other, though he had a general antipathy to women, on account of having been outwitted by one


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Lines 17–18: should "bye-/road" be "byeroad" or "bye-road"? -- Yodin T 02:44, 14 February 2024 (UTC)


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 of them, was not indisposed, now and then, to do a kindness to any particular member of the sex in whom he conceived an interest. In the present instance, in exact proportion to the good-will for herself and her children with which the exemplary conduct of the hard-working, enduring villager had inspired the Gnome, was his desire to visit with condign punishment the niggardly brute at whose hands she suffered such sore oppression. He determined forthwith to play him a trick that should at once horribly distress and discomfit him, and place him in such a position that his wife should have completely the upperhand of him, and, if she still desired to do so, pull the house about his ears, as she said. With this intent he mounted a tearing east wind, and dashed off over hill and valley in the direction of Bohemia, and wherever, on highroad or bye-road, he descried a traveller with a pack, down he dropped behind him, and his all-piercing eyes investigated the nature of the man’s load. As luck would have it, he came across no one carrying glass, or ten to one, even though it had not been the man he sought, the poor wretch’s stock would have been smashed to atoms, Rubezahl’s anger involving, for the time, all glass-pedlers in his just indignation against their unworthy brother Stephen.

At length, while soaring above the mountain itself, his infallible eye detected the object of his search.


text:
Talk:Without you

No source
What is the source of the English text? The link points to a text in Ukrainian, not in English. --EncycloPetey (talk) 03:04, 14 February 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Without you


text:
User talk:Aurofication

Battle Cry of Freedom
The formatting on this text does not match what the source has. The spelling and punctuation are different. Our texts must match their source scans. --EncycloPetey (talk) 03:08, 14 February 2024 (UTC)

 * Gotcha. I have no idea how to do any of that though - I don't even know how to generate a .djvu-file. Feel free to put the page up for deletion if it's not an acceptable submission to this project. I tried to copy the text in the stile of another article, since Dixie's Land seemed to be a similar case, but apparently I was mistaken. Sorry for that! Aurofication (talk) 16:56, 14 February 2024 (UTC)
 * Existing pages are not always a good model, as we are constantly cleaning up older pages. But any time you need help learning to do something, we have a Scriptorium which is where the majority of general discussion happens.  Unlike Wikipedia or Commons, the general discussion page is not overwhelming. --EncycloPetey (talk) 17:59, 14 February 2024 (UTC)

title: User talk:Aurofication


text:
Talk:The Dark Night of the Soul (Peers translation)

Source ?
Here is one site with an electronic copy - chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://www.carmelitemonks.org/Vocation/DarkNight-StJohnoftheCross.pdf

And here is another - https://www.jesus-passion.com/DarkNightSoul.htm

If the first edition were copyrighted, would it matter if the third edition wasn't ? -- Beardo (talk) 03:09, 14 February 2024 (UTC)


text:
Demigod

 * Demigods (1926), a short story collection by John Biggs
 * A Demigod (1887), a novel by Edward P. Jackson
 * "The Demigod", a short story by Sergei Nikolayevich Sergeyev-Tsensky

title: Demigod


text:
Initiative and Referendum Act

S. No. 17 H. No. 21505

Title. — This act shall be known as "The Initiative and Referendum Act".

Statement of Policy. — The power of the people under a system of initiative and referendum to directly propose, enact, approve or reject, in whole or in part, the Constitution, laws, ordinances, or resolutions passed by any legislative body upon compliance with the requirements of this Act is hereby affirmed, recognized and guaranteed.

Definition of Terms. — For purposes of this Act, the following terms shall mean:

(a) "Initiative" is the power of the people to propose amendments to the Constitution or to propose and enact legislations through an election called for the purpose.

There are three (3) systems of initiative, namely:

 * a.1 Initiative on the Constitution which refers to a petition proposing amendments to the Constitution;

 * a.2 Initiative on statutes which refers to a petition proposing to enact a national legislation; and

 * a.3 Initiative on local legislation which refers to a petition proposing to enact a regional, provincial, city, municipal, or barangay law, resolution or ordinance.

(b) "Indirect initiative" is exercise of initiative by the people through a proposition sent to Congress or the local legislative body for action.

(c) "Referendum" is the power of the electorate to approve or reject a legislation through an election called for the purpose. It may be of two classes, namely:

 * c.1 Referendum on statutes which refers to a petition to approve or reject an act or law, or part thereof, passed by Congress; and

 * c.2 Referendum on local law which refers to a petition to approve or reject a law, resolution or ordinance enacted by regional assemblies and local legislative bodies.

(d) "Proposition" is the measure proposed by the voters.

(e) "Plebiscite" is the electoral process by which an initiative on the Constitution is approved or rejected by the people.

"Petition" is the written instrument containing the proposition and the required number of signatories. It shall be in a form to be determined by and submitted to the Commission on Elections, hereinafter referred to as the Commission.

(g) "Local government units" refers to provinces, cities, municipalities and barangays.

(h) "Local legislative bodies" refers to the Sangguniang Panlalawigan, Sangguniang Panglungsod, Sangguniang Bayan, and Sangguniang Nayon.

(i) "Local executives" refers to the Provincial Governors, City or Municipal Mayors and Punong Barangay as the case may be.

Who May Exercise. — The power of initiative and referendum may be exercised by all registered voters of the country, autonomous regions, provinces, cities, municipalities and barangays.

Requirements. — (a) To exercise the power of initiative or referendum, at least ten per centum (10%) of the total number of the registered voters, of which every legislative district is represented by at least three per centum (3%) of the registered voters thereof, shall sign a petition for the purpose and register the same with the Commission.

(b) A petition for an initiative on the 1987 Constitution must have at least twelve per centum (12%) of the total number of registered voters as signatories, of which every legislative district must be represented by at least three per centum (3%) of the registered voters therein. Initiative on the Constitution may be exercised only after five (5) years from the ratification of the 1987 Constitution and only once every five (5) years thereafter.

(c) The petition shall state the following:

 * c.1 contents or text of the proposed law sought to be enacted, approved or rejected, amended or repealed, as the case may be;

 * c.2 the proposition;

 * c.3 the reason or reasons therefor;

 * c.4 that it is not one of the exceptions provided herein;

 * c.5 signatures of the petitioners or registered voters; and

 * c.6 an abstract or summary proposition in not more than one hundred (100) words which shall be legibly written or printed at the top of every page of the petition.

(d) A referendum or initiative affecting a law, resolution or ordinance passed by the legislative assembly of an autonomous region, province or city is deemed validly initiated if the petition therefor is signed by at least ten per centum (10%) of the registered voters in the province or city, of which every legislative district must be represented by at least three per centum (3%) of the registered voters therein: Provided, however, That if the province or city is composed only of one legislative district, then at least each municipality in a province or each barangay in a city should be represented by at least three per centum (3%) of the registered voters therein.

(e) A referendum or initiative on an ordinance passed in a municipality shall be deemed validly initiated if the petition therefor is signed by at least ten per centum (10%) of the registered voters in the municipality, of which every barangay is represented by at least three per centum (3%) of the registered voters therein.

(f) A referendum or initiative on a barangay resolution or ordinance is deemed validly initiated if signed by at least ten per centum (10%) of the registered voters in said barangay.

Special Registration. — The Commission on Elections shall set a special registration day at least three (3) weeks before a scheduled initiative or referendum.

Verification of Signatures. — The Election Registrar shall verify the signatures on the basis of the registry list of voters, voters' affidavits and voters' identification cards used in the immediately preceding election.

Conduct and Date of Initiative or Referendum. — The Commission shall call and supervise the conduct of initiative or referendum.

Within a period of thirty (30) days from receipt of the petition, the Commission shall, upon determining the sufficiency of the petition, publish the same in Filipino and English at least twice in newspapers of general and local circulation and set the date of the initiative or referendum which shall not be earlier than forty-five (45) days but not later than ninety (90) days from the determination by the Commission of the sufficiency of the petition.

Effectivity of Initiative or Referendum Proposition. —

(a) The proposition for the enactment, approval, amendment or rejection of a national law shall be submitted to and approved by a majority of the votes cast by all the registered voters of the Philippines.

If, as certified to by the Commission, the proposition is approved by a majority of the votes cast, the national law proposed for enactment, approval, or amendment shall become effective fifteen (15) days following completion of its publication in the Official Gazette or in a newspaper of general circulation in the Philippines. If, as certified by the Commission, the proposition to reject a national law is approved by a majority of the votes cast, the said national law shall be deemed repealed and the repeal shall become effective fifteen (15) days following the completion of publication of the proposition and the certification by the Commission in the Official Gazette or in a newspaper of general circulation in the Philippines.

However, if the majority vote is not obtained, the national law sought to be rejected or amended shall remain in full force and effect.

(b) The proposition in an initiative on the Constitution approved by a majority of the votes cast in the plebiscite shall become effective as to the day of the plebiscite.

(c) A national or local initiative proposition approved by majority of the votes cast in an election called for the purpose shall become effective fifteen (15) days after certification and proclamation by the Commission.

Prohibited Measures. — The following cannot be the subject of an initiative or referendum petition:

(a) No petition embracing more than one subject shall be submitted to the electorate; and

(b) Statutes involving emergency measures, the enactment of which are specifically vested in Congress by the Constitution, cannot be subject to referendum until ninety (90) days after its effectivity.

Indirect Initiative. — Any duly accredited people's organization, as defined by law, may file a petition for indirect initiative with the House of Representatives, and other legislative bodies. The petition shall contain a summary of the chief purposes and contents of the bill that the organization proposes to be enacted into law by the legislature.

The procedure to be followed on the initiative bill shall be the same as the enactment of any legislative measure before the House of Representatives except that the said initiative bill shall have precedence over other pending legislative measures on the committee.

Appeal. — The decision of the Commission on the findings of the sufficiency or insufficiency of the petition for initiative or referendum may be appealed to the Supreme Court within thirty (30) days from notice thereof.

Procedure in Local Initiative. — (a) Not less than two thousand (2,000) registered voters in case of autonomous regions one thousand (1,000) in case of provinces and cities, one hundred (100) in case of municipalities, and fifty (50) in case of barangays, may file a petition with the Regional Assembly or local legislative body, respectively, proposing the adoption, enactment, repeal, or amendment, of any law, ordinance or resolution.

(b) If no favorable action thereon is made by local legislative body within thirty (30) days from its presentation, the proponents through their duly authorized and registered representative may invoke their power of initiative, giving notice thereof to the local legislative body concerned.

(c) The proposition shall be numbered serially starting from one (1). The Secretary of Local Government or his designated representative shall extend assistance in the formulation of the proposition.

(d) Two or more propositions may be submitted in an initiative.

(e) Proponents shall have one hundred twenty (120) days in case of autonomous regions, ninety (90) days in case of provinces and cities, sixty (60) days in case of municipalities, and thirty (30) days in case of barangays, from notice mentioned in subsection (b) hereof to collect the required number of signatures.

(f) The petition shall be signed before the Election Registrar, or his designated representatives, in the presence of a representative of the proponent, and a representative of the regional assemblies and local legislative bodies concerned in a public place in the autonomous region or local government unit, as the case may be. Signature stations may be established in as many places as may be warranted.

(g) Upon the lapse of the period herein provided, the Commission on Elections, through its office in the local government unit concerned shall certify as to whether or not the required number of signatures has been obtained. Failure to obtain the required number is a defeat of the proposition.

(h) If the required number of signatures is obtained, the Commission shall then set a date for the initiative at which the proposition shall be submitted to the registered voters in the local government unit concerned for their approval within ninety (90) days from the date of certification by the Commission, as provided in subsection (g) hereof, in case of autonomous regions, sixty (60) days in case of provinces and cities, forty-five (45) days in case of municipalities, and thirty (30) days in case of barangays. The initiative shall then be held on the date set, after which the results thereof shall be certified and proclaimed by the Commission on Elections.

Effectivity of Local Propositions. — If the proposition is approved by a majority of the votes cast, it shall take effect fifteen (15) days after certification by the Commission as if affirmative action thereon had been made by the local legislative body and local executive concerned. If it fails to obtain said number of votes, the proposition is considered defeated.

Limitations on Local Initiatives. — (a) The power of local initiative shall not be exercised more than once a year.

(b) Initiative shall extend only to subjects or matters which are within the legal powers of the local legislative bodies to enact.

(c) If at any time before the initiative is held, the local legislative body shall adopt in toto the proposition presented, the initiative shall be cancelled. However, those against such action may, if they so desire, apply for initiative in the manner herein provided.

Limitations Upon Local Legislative Bodies. — Any proposition or ordinance or resolution approved through the system of initiative and referendum as herein provided shall not be repealed, modified or amended, by the local legislative body concerned within six (6) months from the date therefrom, and may be amended, modified or repealed by the local legislative body within three (3) years thereafter by a vote of three-fourths ($3/4$) of all its members: Provided, however, That in case of barangays the period shall be one (1) year after the expiration of the first six (6) months.

Local Referendum. — Notwithstanding the provision of Section 4 hereof, any local legislative body may submit to the registered voters of autonomous region, provinces, cities, municipalities and barangays for the approval or rejection, any ordinance or resolution duly enacted or approved.

Said referendum shall be held under the control and direction of the Commission within sixty (60) days in case of provinces and cities, forty-five (45) days in case of municipalities and thirty (30) days in case of barangays.

The Commission shall certify and proclaim the results of the said referendum.

Authority of Courts. — Nothing in this Act shall prevent or preclude the proper courts from declaring null and void any proposition approved pursuant to this Act for violation of the Constitution or want of capacity of the local legislative body to enact the said measure.

Applicability of the Omnibus Election Code. — The Omnibus Election Code and other election laws, not inconsistent with the provisions of this Act, shall apply to all initiatives and referenda.

Rules and Regulations. — The Commission is hereby empowered to promulgate such rules and regulations as may be necessary to carry out the purposes of this Act.

Appropriations. — The amount necessary to defray the cost of the initial implementation of this Act shall be charged against the Contingent Fund in the General Appropriations Act of the current year. Thereafter such sums as may be necessary for the full implementation of this Act shall be included in the annual General Appropriations Act.

Separability Clause. — If any part or provision of this Act is held invalid or unconstitutional, the other parts or provisions thereof shall remain valid and effective.

Effectivity. — This Act shall take effect fifteen (15) days after its publication in a newspaper of general circulation.

Approved, August 4, 1989.

title: Initiative and Referendum Act


text:
Portal:Acts of the Second Philippine Republic

 * Act No. 5 (Second Philippine Republic) (1943)
 * Act No. 17 (Second Philippine Republic) (1943)


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 206 TWENTY-RIGHTH WEEK.

inestimable benefit to mankind, may ba prospered in their labours; and. O keep them stedfast in the way, that the seed sown may not be caught away from them by the enemy of sonia.

Help ua to labour for the true riches, and suffer net our souls to be misled by a thirst for the unrighteous mammon, or to be entangled in the snares by which it is accumulated. But grant unto ws rather au earnest desire to buy wine and milk—that sincere milk of Thy Word, that wine that maketh glat the heart of man, that oil which makes his face to shine, that bread which strengthencth man's heart.

For the blessings Thou hast showered down upon as. O Lord, make ua grateful. To the commandments Thon hast seen fit to enjoin upon us. O make us obedient, by the influences of that Spirit by which Thou waitest to guide us, © send Thy grace that we with willingneas may follow; and may @ conviction of Thy omnipresence prevent our weakness from sinking under the trials necessary for our purification. May Thy words be ever unto us 86 assurances of Thy presence: " Behold I am with thee, and will bless thee in all things whithersvever thou goest. I will not leave thee until I have done that of which I have spoken to thes. Fear not, for I am with thee. Iam thy shield, and thy exceeding great reward.' Amen.

Our Father, ete.

ORD, we confess that we are too frequently envious, and jealous of what others do, lest they should do more than ourselves, or should do what we intend to do, before our purpose is matured. Thus do we fret ourselves to do evil, and thus do we become associated with the workers of iniquity, and are as those that go down into the pit.

But O, how great, how marvellous is that wisdom, which out of evil still educes good, which causes the wrath of man to praise God, while the remainder of wrath is mercifully restrained. Thy providence interweaves itself with all our purposes, and where onr own waywardness would bring sin and death, Thy providence, by a way we know not, convinces us of sin, withdraws us from self-dependence, shows us that men of low degree are vanity, and "men of high degree are a lie; and, laid in the balance, are altogether lighter than vanity."

Adored be Thy name, O Lord, for these Thy fatherly interferences which bring us to a more correct knowledge of ourselves. To Thee belongeth merey, for Thou renderest to every man according to his work.

Lord, be with Thy people this day, and enable them to behold Thy providential hand in the disposal of their affairs. Above all things, O Lord, assist us to subdue our selfishness, and suffer us not to labour under mistaken notions of our own righteousness. May we in all things bend our wills to Thy providence, and from our hearts be able to say, "Not our will, but Thine be done." Amen.

Our Father, etc.

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 testantism that was evoked, a wholesome restraint was imposed upon the despotism of Catholicism which remained.

Now, who will venture to say that the Divine providence had nothing to do with those events? Can any evil be thrown down which Infinite Mercy has not helped to overthrow? Can there be any blessing in the city which the Lord has not wrought? From the facts that certain evil influences were then removed from the Church, and that several beneficent advantages resulted, it is plain that some causes of the evil must have been removed, or the effects observable in the blessing never could have been realized. But where did those causes exist and operate? Whatever places they might have had in the minds of men as a secondary habitation, there can be no doubt that their primary residence was with spirits in the world of spirits, and therefore, the Lord, in order to afford some relief to the people of His Church, must have removed them by the execution of a judgment. By whom else could they be removed? by whom else could the blessing which followed the removal be provided? Do not the existence of these facts prove that a judgment must have been accomplished? To us it seems impossible to deny this conclusion without first renouncing the Christian principles concerning the existence of a world of spirits, and man's connection with it. Of course we know that it has not been usual to trace such events to so deep a cause, nor to characterize them with so marked a providence; still every one who will carefully reflect upon the calamitous periods of the Church, must see that their causes lie in the disordered spiritual life of her people, who, after death, are collected in the world of spirits, and thence exercise an injurious influence on those remaining in the world. To bring them to judgment is a subject


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Consul Buddenbrook said to his wife: “If I thought Tony had a motive in refusing this match—But she is a child, Betsy. She enjoys going to halls and being courted by the young fellows; she is quite aware that she is pretty and from a good family. Of course, it is possible that she is consciously or unconsciously seeking a mate herself—but I know the child, and I feel sure she has never yet found her heart, as the saying goes. If you asked her, she would turn this way and that way, and consider—but she would find nobody. She is a child, a little bird, a hoyden. Directly she once says yes, she will find her place. She will have carte blanche to set herself up, and she will love her husband, after a few days. He is no beau, God knows. But he is perfectly presentable. One mustn’t ask for five legs on a sheep, as we say in business. If she waits for somebody to come along who is an Adonis and a good match to boot—well, God bless us, Tony Buddenbrook could always find a husband, but it’s a risk, after all. Every day is fishing-day, but not every day catching-day, to use another homely phrase.—Yesterday I had a long talk with Grünlich. He is a most constant wooer. He showed me all his books. They are good enough to frame. I told him I was completely satisfied. The business is young, but in fine condition—assets must be somewhere about a hundred and twenty thousand thaler, and that is obviously only the situation at the moment, for he makes a good slice every year. I asked the Duchamps. What they said doesn’t sound at all bad. They don’t know his connections, but he lives like a gentleman, mingles in society, and his business is known to be expanding. And some other people in Hamburg have told me

RV 113 (113)


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RV 114 (BUDDENBROOKS) things—a banker named Kesselmeyer, for instance—that I feel pleased with. In short, as you know, Betsy, I can only wish for the consummation of this match, which would be highly advantageous for the family and the firm. I am heartily sorry the child feels so pressed. She hardly speaks at all, and acts as if she were in a state of siege. But I can’t bring myself to refuse him out and out. You know, Betsy, there ib another thing I can’t emphasize often enough: in these last years we haven’t been doing any too brilliantly. Not that there’s anything to complain of. Oh, no. Faithful work always finds its reward. Business goes quietly on—but a bit too quietly for me. And it only does that because I am eternally vigilant. We haven’t perceptibly advanced since Father was taken away. The times aren’t good for merchants. No, our prospects are not too bright. Our daughter is in a position to make a marriage that would undoubtedly be honourable and advantageous; she is of an age to marry, and she ought to do it. Delay isn’t advisable—it isn’t advisable, Betsy. Speak to her again. I said all I could, this afternoon.”

Tony was besieged, as the Consul said. She no longer said no—but she could not bring herself to say yes. She could not wring a “yes” out of herself—God knew why; she did not.

Meanwhile, first her Father would draw her aside and speak seriously, and then her Mother would take up the tale, both pressing for a decision. Uncle Gotthold and family were not brought into the affair; their attitude toward the Mengstrasse was not exactly sympathetic. But Sesemi Weichbrodt got wind of it and came to give good advice, with correct enunciation. Even Mademoiselle Jungmann said, “Tony, my little one, why should you worry? You will always be in the best society.” And Tony could not pay a visit to the admired silken salon outside the Castle Gate without getting a dose from old Madame Kröger: “À propos, little one, I RV 114 (114)


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RV 115 (BUDDENBROOKS) hear there is an affair! I hope you are going to listen to reason, child.”

One Sunday, as she sat in St. Mary’s with her parents and brothers, Pastor Kölling began preaching from the text about the wife leaving father and mother and cleaving only to her husband. His language was so violent that she began listening with a jump, staring up to see if he were looking at her. No, thank goodness, his head was turned in the other direction, and he seemed to be preaching in general to all the faithful. Still, it was plain that this was a new attack upon her,—every word struck home. A young, a still childish girl, he said, could have as yet no will and no wisdom; and if she set herself up against the loving advice of her parents she was as deserving of punishment as the guilty are; she was one of those whom the Lord spews out of his mouth. With this phrase, which the kind Pastor Kölling adored, she encountered a piercing glance from his eyes, as he made a threatening gesture with his right arm. Tony saw how her Father, sitting next to her, raised his hand, as though he would say, “Not so hard.” But it was perfectly plain that either he or her Mother had let the Pastor into the secret. Tony crouched in her place with her face like fire, and felt the eyes of all the world upon her. Next Sunday she flatly refused to go to church.

She moved dumbly about the house, she laughed no more, she lost her appetite. Sometimes she gave such heart-breaking sighs as would move a stone to pity. She was growing thinner too, and would soon lose her freshness. It would not do. At length the Consul said:

“This cannot go on, Betsy. We must not ill-use the child. She must get away a bit, to rest and be able to think quietly. You’ll see she will listen to reason then. I can’t leave, and the holidays are almost over. But there is no need for us to go. Yesterday old Schwarzkopf from Travemünde was here, and I spoke to him. He said he would be glad to take the

RV 115 (115)


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RV 116 (BUDDENBROOKS) child for a while. I’d give them something for it. She would have a good home, where she could bathe and be in the fresh air and get clear in her mind. Tom can take her— so it’s all arranged. Better to-morrow than day after.”

Tony was much pleased with this idea. True, she hardly ever saw Herr Grünlich, but she knew he was in town, in touch with her parents. Any day he might appear before her and begin shrieking and importuning. She would feel safer at Travemünde, in a strange house. So she packed her trunk with alacrity, and on one of the last days in July she mounted with Tom into the majestic Kröger equipage. She said good-bye in the best of spirits; and breathed more freely as they drove out of the Castle Gate.

RV 116 (116)


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 of great importance to the Church below; because it separates them from that hold which they had taken upon the human mind in the world, and provides for the restoration of a purer teaching for the acceptance of mankind.

The distresses which have alarmed the Church, and the successes by which she has been encouraged, may be reasonably taken as so many evidences in the natural world that some remarkable phenomena have taken place in the spiritual. Such external effects must have had internal causes. It has indeed been usual to ascribe such events to the mental disposition and character of the age in which they have occurred, and to this conclusion no fair objection can be urged; but beyond this there is a source which the above view does not contemplate. The minds of men are not self-created things, nor are their activities wholly dependent upon themselves. The Scriptures certainly lead us to conclude that our evil states are the results of wicked influences to which we have yielded, and also that every favourable condition has been the result of heavenly guidance; and experience confirms what revelation unfolds. What is thus true of individuals is also true of the mass, for multitudes are composed of units: the general state arises from the collective condition of individuals. It is therefore evident that the moral aspects of mankind are, at all periods of their history, indications of the state and quality of the spiritual world with which they are associated: an epoch of danger and distress in the Church is, therefore; clearly referable to some malevolent influence acting upon


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 the people; whilst an era of prosperity and intelligence is as certainly to be ascribed to the operation of some beneficent guidance descending from on high. Hence it may be clear that the affliction by which the Church has been darkened, upon the one hand, and the prosperities by which it has been blessed, on the other, indicate the existence of corresponding spiritual influences from the spiritual world; and, therefore, the abatement of an evil by which it has been distressed, and the display of mercies by which it has been encouraged, may be viewed as evidences of a judgment and a coming of the Lord;—a coming of the Lord personally into the world of spirits, in the first place, to execute the judgment, and then spiritually into the natural world to effect the blessings for which that judgment has prepared the way. We cannot tell how far these views may commend themselves to the ordinary reader; but to us they seem to be full of reason, full of truth, to have the testimony of history in their favour, as well as the sanction of revelation. To doubt them, appears to us like questioning the reality of experience, and the depositions of the Word. However, these facts and considerations point to the kind of evidence by which we purpose to show that the last judgment, of which the Scriptures treat, has really been accomplished. But before proceeding more directly to that evidence, there is one circumstance, important to our argument, which should be carefully observed.

Although the occasion for a judgment in the world of spirits may be strongly indicated by the decline of religious intelligence and virtue among mankind, and although the execution of it will certainly be followed by a resuscitation of spiritual intelligence in the Church, yet the first result of such judgment, with the generation in whose lifetime it occurs, will not be their recognition of the fact, nor


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 their participation in its advantages. The judgment, indeed, clears away the malevolent spirits from the hold which they have obtained upon people in the world, but before this, they will have impressed their principles upon them, and these principles will not be suddenly abandoned by mankind. The branch, when severed from the tree, does not instantly lose its greenness, or relinquish its sap; it is indeed separated from the stock on which it grew, but some indications of its having possessed vitality will be retained for a time. So those persons living at the epoch of a judgment, although cut off by that event from their previous associates in the world of spirits, do not at once renounce the principles they have imbibed, nor forsake the practices to which those principles lead. Therefore, some of the previous disorders will remain with that generation of men; and, indeed, their reproduction in various forms may be expected in some of their immediate descendants. Hence it was that after the last judgment upon the most ancient Church, great calamities followed in the destruction of the people. After the last judgment upon the Jewish Church, how appalling were the disasters which rolled in upon Jerusalem, Judæa, and the surrounding countries. So after the judgment which broke up the first league of a terrible ambition in the Christian Church, there ensued, both in the eastern and western branches of it, a great variety of evils, ecclesiastical and national; and who has not heard of the revolts, invasions, and consequent sufferings, which occurred in Europe, and of the "Thirty Years' War," just preceding that period, when we believe a judgment to have occured, and to have resulted in the Reformation.

The continuance, then, for some time after the period of a judgment, of disastrous circumstances similar to those


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 which have been the cause of it, do not at all interfere with the evidences of its execution. Uncommon disorders in the Church, and in the conduct of the people, certainly point to the necessity for such a deliverance, but they prove nothing concerning its accomplishment. The evidence for that is to be sought for in those new advantages which soon afterwards break in upon society, notwithstanding the obstructions which have been thrown in their way by the hereditary evils, disordered loves, national prejudices, and the selfish interests of mankind.

As all changes in the causes of things must necessarily be attended with new effects, so it will follow that any great changes which may take place in the world of spirits,—and who will say that such changes cannot occur?—must be succeeded by some corresponding mutations in the world of men. They will primarily affect the interior of men's minds, these being of a spiritual nature; and subsequently they will act upon the natural affairs of men in the world, that being their ultimate purpose. Consequently, a judgment in the world of spirits must induce a change in its spiritual action upon mankind; and this must be followed with some alteration in their condition and proceedings in the world, which will display itself in a twofold manner.

,—As we learn from Scripture history has been the case under all similar circumstances,—there will be a display of unusual dissensions and troubles, especially among the nations in which the Church has professedly existed; and, amidst the absorbing interests which those calamities will induce, there will be the unfolding of a variety of ameliorating circumstances tending to show that there is some beneficent sunlight breaking through those clouds of darkness by which the nations have been distressed.


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AVING treated at length of the structure and habits of the Rock Dove, it is now desirable to enter upon the consideration of the production of the numerous varieties of Pigeons that are known to naturalists and fanciers, and which are regarded by all who have carefully studied the subject as being descended from the one wild species which has been so fully described in the last chapter.

The Rock Dove is one of those animals that is capable of being domesticated hy man. The opinion that the majority of animals could be domesticated is one that is very generally prevalent, but has no foundation whatever in fact. For example, if a pair of eggs from the nest of a wild Blue Rock are placed under a domestic pigeon that has been sitting the same length of time as the birds from which the eggs were taken, the latter will produce a pair of Blue Rocks, that will become domesticated, being attached to their domus, or home.

On the other hand, if pair of eggs from the Stock Dove (Columba anas), or the Ring Dove (Columba palumbus), be treated in a precisely similar manner, the birds so produced will not become domesticated. There is precisely the same difference between the fowl and the pheasant. The former is so attached to its home that the return of the brood at night has given rise to the proverb that "Curses, like chickens, always come home fo roost." The pheasants, on the other hand, may have been tame-bred for twenty generations, and yet are no nearer true domestication than their wild progenitors.

The ease with which the Rock Dove is domesticated may be gathered from the anecdote so exquisitely told by Macgillivray in the last chapter (page 20). This capability of perfect domestication is one of the conditions necessary to the production of distinct and numerous varieties.

It is well known that all animals, even those living in perfectly natural conditions, are subject to certain variations, such as those of colour, form, size, &c. Thus we have not unfrequent examples of white moles, blackbirds, and other animals; and changes of form and size are equally common.

In birds as extensively distributed as the Rock Dove (Columba livia), slight local or geographical variations constantly occur. Thus, in India, all the wild Blue Rocks have ash-coloured feathers over the rump, whereas the European birds have, as is well known, white rumps; and, as is well known to most fanciers, this white rump is one of the most difficult points to "breed out" in any of our Blue varieties; whereas the Blue breeds derived from the Indian birds have, as might be expected,


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 blue rumps. The exact character of this local variety is so well described by Jerdon, in his valuable and accurate work on the "Birds of India," that we have much pleasure in quoting the account. He writes:—

"The common Blue Pigeon differs from the Columba livia of Europe only in having an ash-coloured instead of a pure white rump. This, however, appears to be constant, and as Blyth remarks, is also always observable in domesticated varicties in this country (India), when these assume the normal colouring.

"The Blue Pigeon of India is one of the most common and abundant birds throughout the country, congregating in large flocks, and breeding wherever they can find suitable spots. They are most partial to large buildings, such as churches, pagodas, mosques, tombs, and the like; frequently entering verandahs of inhabited houses, and building in the cornices. Holes in walls of cities or towns, too, are favourite places; and in some parts of the country they prefer holes in wells, especially, I think, in the West of India, the Deccan, &c. In default of such spots, they will breed in crevices and cavities of rocks, caverns and sea-side cliffs; and I have offen noticed that they are particularly partial to rocky cliffs by waterfalls. The celebrated falls of Gaiss-oppa are tenanted by thousands of Blue Pigeons, which here associate with the large Alpine Swift. It is more rare in forest countries generally than in the open country. It extends from Ceylon throughout India to the Himalayas, and also to Assam, Sylhet, and Burmah. It is doubtful if it occurs in Affghanistan, or in other parts of Central Asia. These pigeons are held in favour by most natives, and almost venerated by some; and if they build in the house of a native, he considers it a most fortunate omen.

"They are, however, very destructive to grain, assembling in vast flocks in the cold weather, and, in general, the natives do not objcct to their being shot. They are undoubtedly the origin of most of the domestic pigeons of India."

Another local variety exists in the South of England, a third in Italy, a fourth in Africa. These all vary slightly in their markings; thus, the English variety has a chequered instead of a pure blue wing. These were formerly regarded by some naturalists as distinct species, but are now universally regarded as mere local variations. As the authority of the eminent naturalist, Mr. Blyth, has been quoted by Dixon and others in support of the view that these races constitute distinct species, we have much pleasure in reproducing a short extract from the proceedings of the Dublin Natural History Society for 1866, in which Mr. Blyth stated:—

"With regard to the Spotted Pigeon, occurring in the South of England, which he had heen the first to distinguish as a particular race, by the name Columba affinis, he had now been long aware that it was no other than the common dovecote race, which was bred in multitudes, to be turned out at pigeon matches. There are many local races, or sub-species, each of which occupies its own area upon the earth's surface: thus there is a Columba turretum (so called) in Italy, and a Columba intermedia in India, and the Indo-Chinese countries, the common Blue Pigeon of that region, which barely differs from the European Columba livia,


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 pects to be aided by the bitati, or Egyptian soldiers. Abdasherah is marching on Gebal.

79 B.—Also broken. With the usual salutation, speaks of a great fight with the men of blood, who made an end of men, women, and soldiers of his poor country. He sent men, and they were beaten. The city of Irkata (Arkah) is mentioned, and the King of the Hittites, who is making war on all the lands. The King of Mitani will be king of the weak (or false) land of the writer’s people. He concludes by calling Abdasherah a dog.

44 B.—After the usual salutation, this letter appears perhaps to refer to the coming of Irimaia. “Lo the King shall send the choicest of thy chiefs—a son of Memphis (Nupi) to guard the city.” The text is then much broken, referring to the palace and to cavalry, and to guarding the city for the King. He will fulfil the wishes of the Pakas, and is a faithful servant, as they would testify. The lands are to be made quiet again. “I say as to myself, lo! my heart is not at all changed as to my intention to serve the King my Lord. Now pronounce this judgment O Lord of justice. Cause all to be told that whoever crosses over from his own place the King my Lord will My Lord shall decide that this evil shall not go on. Who shall say anything against it? Now return a letter, and all my possessions that are with Yapaaddu (he will make equally safe?) in the sight of the King.”

72 B—“To Khaia the Pa (an Egyptian title) thus says Ribadda. I bow at thy feet. The God Amen and the God Sa have given you power in the presence of the King. Behold thou art a man of good the King knows, and through your zeal the King sends you for a Paka. Why is it asked and you will not speak to the King? that he should order for us Egyptian soldiers to go up to the place—the city Simyra. Who is Abdasherah?—a slave, a dog, and shall the King’s land be smitten by him? Who set him up? And mighty with men of blood is the strength of his power But send reinforcements: fifty tapal (companies?) of horse and 200 foot soldiers; and both shall go forth from the city Sigata (Shakkah). Know his intentions. Until


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 THE SEARCH FOR ATOMIC AGE DIVISIONS and Force Design Initiatives, 1939–1989." Ms, pp. 35–36, DAMH-RAD; "Infantry of Tomorrow," Army, 6 (Sep 1955): 47–48; "Let's All Fly on Platforms," Army 6 (Dec 1955): 25.

$39$ DF, Office, Deputy Chief of Staff for Operations (ODCSOPS) to Sec of the General Staff and other addresses, sub: Reorganization of Divisions, 2 May 57, OPS OT OR 1, Pentomic Divisions, Division General file, Ltr, TAG to CinC, U.S. Army, Pacific (USARPAC), and other addresses, 22 Aug 57, sub: Transfer of the 24th Infantry Division and Reorganization of the 1st Cavalry Division, AGAO-O (M) 322 (16 Aug 57) DCSPER, Ltr, TAG to CinC, USARPAC, and other addresses, 29 Aug 57, same subject, AGAO-O (M) 322 (27 Aug 57) DCSPER, Ltr, TAG to CinC, U.S, Army Europe (USAREUR), and other addresses, 8 Feb 57, sub: Reorganization of the 1st Infantry Division, AGAO-O (M) 322 (5 Feb 57) DCSPER, Ltr, TAG to CinC, USAREUR, 21 Jun 57, sub: Reorganization of the 2d Armored Division, AGAO-O (M) 322 (13 Jun 57) DCSPER, Ltr, TAG to CGs, CONARC, and Third U.S, Army, 17 Mar 58, sub; Change in Status of the 2d and 10th Infantry Divisions, AGAO-O (M) (5 Feb 58) DCSPER, Lir, TAG to CinC, USAREUR, and other addresses, 30 Aug 57, sub: Reorganization of the 3d Armored Division, AGAO-O (M) 322 (26 Aug 57) DCSPER, Ltr, TAG to CinC, USAREUR, 26 Dec 57, sub; Change in Status of Certain Units, 26 Dec 57, AGAO-O (M) 322 (13 Dec 57) DCSPER, Ltr, TAG to CinC, USAREUR, and other addresses, 12 Mar 57, sub: Reorganization of the 4th Armored Division, AGAO-O (M) 322 (6 Feb 57) DCSPER, Ltr, TAG to CG, CONARC, and other addresses, 27 Mar 57, sub: Reorganization of the 4th Infantry Division, AGAO-O (M) 322 (25 Mar 57) DCSPER, Ltr, TAG to CG, U.S. Army Far East, and other addresses, 31 May 57. sub: Reorganization of the 7th Infantry Division, AGAO-O (M) 322 (24 May 57) DCSPER, Ltr, TAG to CinC, USAREUR, 16 Jul 57, sub: Reorganization of the 8th Infantry Division, AGAO-O (M) 322 (10 Jul 57) DCSPER, Ltr, TAG to CinC, USAREUR, and other addresses, 13 Nov 57, sub: Reorganization of the 9th Infantry Division, AGAO-O (M) 322 9th Inf Div (8 Oct 57) DCSPER, Ltr, CinC, USAREUR, and other addresses, 14 Jun 47, sub: Reorganization of the 10th Infantry Division, AGAO-O (M) 322 (31 May 57) DCSPER, Ltr, TAG to CinC, USAREUR, 20 Feb 57, sub: Reorganization of the 11th Airborne Division, AGAO-O (M) 322 (19 Feb 57) DCSPER, Draft letter, undated, sub: Organization of the 24th Infantry Division, Ltr, TAG to CinC, USAREUR, 1 Feb 57, sub; Reorganization of the 1st Armored Division, AGAO-O (M) 322 (5 Feb 57) DCSPER, Lu, TAG to CGs, CONARC and Fourth U.S. Army, 5 Dec 57, sub: Change in Status of Certain Units, AGAQ-O (M) 322 (13 Nov 57) DCSPER, and Ltr, CGs, CONARC and Sixth U.S. Army, 27 May 57, sub; Inactivation of the 5th Infantry Division, AGAO-O (M) 322 (24 May 57) DCSPER, all AG Reference files; and Historical Data Cards, Divisions, DAMH-HSO.

$40$ Memo, See of Army for See of Defense, 31 Jan 57, sub: Combat Arms Regimental System (CARS), and Fact Sheet, undated, sub: Combat Arms Regimental System, both CARS files, and News Release, Historic Traditions of Regiments to be Preserved in Pentomic Army, 7 Feb 57, Division General file, all DAMH-HSO.

$41$ CONARC, “Summary of Major Events and Problems, 1 Jul 56–30 Jun 57," vol. 4, Doctrine and Requirements Division, G3 Section, 1 Jan–30 Jun 57, pp. 18–19; Information Paper: Separate Combined Arms Brigades in the Reserve Components, 30 Apr 58, Brigade General file, Ltr, TAG lo CGs, CONARC and First U.S. Army, 12 Feb 58, sub; Organization of the 2d Infantry Brigade, AGAO-O (M) 322 (5 Feb 58) DCSPER, and Ltr, TAG to CG, Third Amy, 8 Jul 58, sub; Change in Status of 1st Infantry Brigade and other units, AGAO-O (M) 322 (11 Jun 58), DCSPER, all AG Reference files; and Historical Data Cards, all DAMH-HSO.

$42$ Ltr, CONARC to DCofS for Military Operations, 28 Aug 58, sub; Evaluation of ROCID, ATTNG-D&R 322/17 (Div) (28 Aug 58). Division General file, DAMH-HSO.

$43$ Ibid.

$44$ 1st Ind, ODCSOPS to CG, CONARC, 29 Dec 58, sub: Evaluation of ROCID, OPS OT OR 2, Division General file, DAMH-HSO; TOE 7D, Infantry Division, 1960.

$45$ John A. Beall, "Revisions of ROCAD," Armor 68 (Mar–Apr 1959); 48–51: TOE 17D, Armored Division, 1960.

$46$
Ltr, TAG to CG, Fifth U.S, Army, 14 Jul 60, sub; Reorganization of the 9th Infantry


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I KNOW not who paints the pictures on memory's canvas ; but whoever he may be, what he is painting are pictures ; by which I mean that he is not there with his brush simply to make a faithful copy of all that is happening. He takes in and leaves out according to his taste. He makes many a big thing small and small thing big. He has no compunction in putting into the background that which was to the fore, or bringing to the front that which was behind. In short he is painting pictures, and not writing history.

Thus, over Life's outward aspect passes the series of events, and within is being painted a set of pictures. The two correspond but are not one.

We do not get the leisure to view thoroughly this studio within us. Portions of it now and then catch our eye, but the greater part remains Rh

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 the (bitati) Egyptian soldiers are sent he will not be mastered, (nor) any of the men of blood, and the city of Sigata and the city of Ambi are both taken, and thus ”

17 B. M.—“Ribadda speaks to (Amenophis IV?? ) the King of many Lands: at the feet of  my Sun-God. And I repeat as to (the expedition?) against the city of Kappa  and against the city Amma  Cities faithful to the King my Lord. Who is this Abdasherah?—a slave, a dog, and shall he in the midst in the lands of my Lord? the King my Lord has asked as to his servant, and I send my messenger. Lo my cities, and with the letter  my messages. And now behold he is marching to the city Batruna and he will cut it off from my rule. They have seized the city of Kalbi —the great pass of the city of Gebal. Truly the confederates are pushing on secretly from the great pass, and they have not made an end—mightily contumacious. For they have promised to take the city of Gebal And let the King my Lord hear  this day  they have hastened chariots and  I trust and  and the fate of the city of Gebal  by them, and all the lands  as far as the land of Egypt have been filled with men of blood. My Lord has sent no news as to this decree as I hoped by letter. And we desire that the city be saved, and the villages of the city, from him, for my inhabiting. I have been hard pushed. Help speedily O King my Lord soldiers and chariots, and you will strengthen the chief city of the King my Lord. Behold the city of Gebal: there is not, as is said, of chief cities (like) the city Gebal a chief city with the King my Lord from of old. The messenger of the King of the city of Acca (Accho) honor thou with (my)


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 out of sight in the darkness. Why the ever- busy painter is painting ; when he will have done ; for what gallery his pictures are destined — who can tell ?

Some years ago, on being questioned as to the events of my past life, I had occasion to pry into this picture-chamber. I had thought to be content with selecting some few materials for my Life's story. I then discovered, as I opened the door, that Life's memories are not Life's history, but the original work of an unseen Artist. The variegated colours scattered about are not reflections of outside lights, but belong to the painter himself, and come passion-tinged from his heart ; thereby unfitting the record on the canvas for use as evidence in a court of law.

But though the attempt to gather precise history from memory's storehouse may be fruitless, there is a fascination in looking over the pictures, a fascination which cast its spell on me.

The road over which we journey, the way- side shelter in which we pause, are not pictures while yet we travel — they are too necessary, too obvious. When, however, before turning into the evening resthouse, we look back upon the cities, fields, rivers and hills which we have been through in Life's morning, -then, in the light of

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 the passing day, are they pictures indeed. Thus, when my opportunity came, did I look back, and was engrossed.

Was this interest aroused within me solely by a natural affection for my own past ? Some personal feeling, of course, there must have been, but the pictures had also an independent artistic value of their own. There is no event in my reminiscences worthy of being preserved for all time. But the quality of the subject is not the only justification for a record. What one has truly felt, if only it can be made sensible to others, is always of importance to one's fellow- men. If pictures which have taken shape in memory can be brought out in words, they are worth a place in literature.

It is as literary material that I offer my memory pictures. To take them as an attempt at autobiography would be a mistake. In such a view these reminiscences would appear useless as well as incomplete.

We three boys were being brought up together. Both my companions were two years older than I. When they were placed under

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A murmur of astonishment ran through the court as the witness made his last reply, and those most closely interested in him turned and looked at each other with obvious amazement. And for a moment Mr. Millington-Bywater seemed to be at a loss; in the next he bent forward toward the witness-box and fixed the man standing there with a piercing look.

"Do you seriously tell us, on your oath, that these papers—your papers, if you are what you claim to be—were stolen from you many years ago, and have only just been restored to you?" he asked. "On your oath, mind!"

"I do tell you so," answered the witness quietly. "I am on oath."

The magistrate glanced at Mr. Millington-Bywater.

"What is the relevancy of this—in relation to the prisoner and the charge against him?" he inquired. "You have some point, of course?"

"The relevancy is this, Your Worship," replied Mr. Millington-Bywater: "Our contention is that the papers referred to were until recently in the custody of John Ashton, the murdered man—I can put a witness in the box who can give absolute proof of that, a


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 highly reputable witness, who is present,—and that John Ashton was certainly murdered by some person or persons who, for purposes of their own, wished to gain possession of them. Now, we know that they are in possession of the present witness, or rather, of his solicitors, to whom he has handed them. I mean to prove that Ashton was murdered in the way, and for the reason I suggest, and that accordingly the prisoner is absolutely innocent of the charge brought against him. I should therefore like to ask this witness to tell us how he regained possession of these papers, for I am convinced that in what he can tell us lies the secret of Ashton's murder. Now," he continued, turning again to the witness as the magistrate nodded assent, "we will assume for the time being that you are what you represent yourself to be—the Lord Marketstoke who disappeared from England thirty-five years ago. You have just heard what I said to His Worship—about these papers, and what I put forward as regards their connection with the murder of John Ashton? Will you tell us how you lost those papers, and more particularly, how you recently regained possession of them? You see the immense, the vital importance of this to the unfortunate young fellow in the dock?"

"Who," answered the witness with a calm smile, "is quite and utterly mistaken in thinking that he knew me in America, for I have certainly never set foot in America, neither North nor South, in my life! I am very much surprised indeed to be forced into publicity as I have been this morning—I came here as a merely curious spectator and had no idea whatever that I should be called into this box. But if any


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 messenger. And we have given cavalry at his pleasure and a division of horse  because of pleasuring him ”

60 B.—After salutation: “The King my Lord shall know: behold Benmabenat son of Abdasherah strives for the city Gatza. They have subdued the city of Ardata, the city Yahlia, the city Ambi, the city Sigata, all the cities are theirs; and the King shall order the cutting off of the city Simyra, so that the King may rule his land. Who is this Abdasherah?—a slave, a dog. O King it is thy land, and they have joined the King of the land of Mitani. But come to us to the King’s land to before the cities of your rulers are destroyed; and lo! this has been said thy Paka, and not  his cities to them. Now they have taken the city of Ullaza for it is as has been said, until you shall march to this city of Simyra. And they have slain for us the Paka and the Egyptian (bitati) soldiers who (were) in the city of Simyra they have done to us, and shall not I go up  to the city of Simyra? The cities Ambi, Sigata, Ullaza, (Caphar?) Yazu have fought for me. Their destruction for us by them, will be pleaded against the city of Simyra, these cities and the sons of Abdasherah  Alas! and the city of Gebal demands of the men of blood as to the city Tikhedi. I marched; but there befell an entering-in to spoil by the men of blood.”

23 B. M.—The usual salutation is absent, and it seems to be written to an official: “To as a letter thus Ribadda. I bow at thy feet. Baalath of Gebal the God of the King my Lord may (she?) strengthen thy power in the presence of the King thy Lord—the Sun of the lands. You know behold that a (covenant?) has been engraved. But why was it sent? And lo! this thou shalt announce: I am left in fear that an end will


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 evidence of mine can establish, or help to establish, the prisoner's innocence, I will give it only too gladly."

"Much obliged to you, sir," said Mr. Millington-Bywater, who, in Viner's opinion, was evidently impressed by the witness's straightforward tone and candid demeanour.

"Well, if you will tell us—in your own way—about these papers, now—always remembering that we have absolute proof that until recently they were in the possession of John Ashton? Let me preface whatever you choose to tell us with a question: Do you know that they were in possession of John Ashton?"

"I have no more idea or knowledge of whose hands they were in, and had been in, for many years, until they were restored to me, than the man in the moon has!" affirmed the witness. "I'll tell you the whole story—willingly: I could have told it yesterday to certain gentlemen, whom I see present, if they had not treated me as an impostor as soon as they saw me. Well,"—here he folded his hands on the ledge of the witness-box, and quietly fixing his eyes on the examining counsel, proceeded to speak in a calm, conversational tone—"the story is this: I left England about five-and-thirty years ago after certain domestic unpleasantnesses which I felt so much that I determined to give up all connection with my family and to start an absolutely new life of my own. I went away to Australia and landed there under the name of Wickham. I had a certain amount of money which had come to me from my mother. I speculated with it on my arrival, somewhat foolishly, no doubt, and I lost it—every penny.


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 "So then I was obliged to work for my living. I went up country, and for some time worked as a miner in the Bendigo district. I had been working in this way perhaps fourteen months when an accident occurred in the mine at which I was engaged. There was a serious fall of earth and masonry; two or three of my fellow-workers were killed on the spot, and I was taken up for dead. I was removed to a local hospital—there had been some serious injury to my head and spine, but I still had life in me, and I was brought round. But I remained in hospital, in a sort of semiconscious state, for a long time—months. When I went back, after my discharge, to my quarters—nothing but a rough shanty which I had shared with many other men—all my possessions had vanished. Among them, of course, were the papers I had kept, and a packet of letters written to me by my mother when I was a schoolboy at Eton.

"Of course, I knew at once what had happened—some one of my mates, believing me to be dead, had appropriated all my belongings and gone off with them. There was nothing at all to be wondered at in that—it was the usual thing in such a society. And I knew there was nothing to do but to accept my loss philosophically."

"Did you make no effort to recover your possessions?" asked Mr. Millington-Bywater.

"No," answered the witness with a quiet smile. "I didn't! I knew too much of the habits of men in mining centers to waste time in that way. A great many men had left that particular camp during my illness—it would have been impossible to trace each one. No—after all, I had left England in order to


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 lose my identity, and now, of course, it was gone. I went away into quite another part of the country—into Queensland. I began trading in Brisbane, and I did very well there, and remained there many years. Then I went farther south, to Sydney—and I did very well there too. It was in Sydney, years after that, that I saw the advertisements in the newspapers, English and Colonial, setting forth that my father was dead, and asking for news of myself. I took no notice of them—I had not the least desire to return to England, no wish for the title, and I was quite content that my youngest brother should get that and the estates. So I did nothing; nobody knew who I really was—"

"One moment!" said Mr. Millington-Bywater. "While you were at the mining-camp, in the Bendigo district, did you ever reveal your secret to any of your fellow-miners?"

"Never!" answered the witness. "I never revealed it to a living soul until I told my solicitor there, Mr. Methley, after my recent arrival in London."

"But of course, whoever stole your letters and so on, would discover, or guess at, the truth?" suggested Mr. Millington-Bywater.

"Oh, of course, of course!" said the witness. "Well as I was saying, I did nothing—except to keep an eye on the papers. I saw in due course that leave to presume my death had been given, and that my younger brother had assumed the title, and administered the estate, and I was quite content. The fact was, I was at that time doing exceedingly well, and I was too much interested in my doings to care about what was going on in England. All my life," continued the witness, with a slight smile, "I have had a—I had


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 better call it a weakness—for speculating; and when I had got a goodly sum of money together by my trading venture in Brisbane and Sydney, I began speculating again, in Melbourne chiefly. And—to cut my story short—last year I had one of my periodic bad turns of fortune: I lost a lot of money. Now, I am, as you see, getting on in life, over sixty—and it occurred to me that if I came over to England and convinced my nephew, the present holder of the title and estates, that I am really who I am, he would not be averse—we have always been a generous family—to giving me enough to settle down on in Australia for the rest of my days. Perhaps I had better say at once, since we are making matters so very public, that I do not want the title, nor the estate; I will be quite candid and say what I do want—enough to let me live in proper comfort in Australia, whither I shall again repair as soon as I settle my affairs here."

Mr. Millington-Bywater glanced at the magistrate and then at the witness.

"Well, now, these papers?" he said. "You didn't bring them to London with you?"

"Of course not!" answered the witness. "I had not seen or heard of them for thirty-two years! No I relied, on coming to this country, on other things to prove my identity, such as my knowledge of Marketstoke and Ellingham, my thorough acquaintance with the family history, my recollection of people I had known, like Mr. Carless, Mr. Driver, and their clerk, Mr. Portlethwaite, and on the fact that I lost this finger through a shooting accident when I was a boy, at Ellingham. Curiously," he added with another


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 smile, "these things don't seem to have much weight. But no! I had no papers when I landed here."

"How did they come into your possession, then?" asked Mr. Millington-Bywater. "That is what we most earnestly desire to know. Let me impress upon you, sir, that this is the most serious and fateful question I can possibly put to you! How did you get them?"

"And—from whom?" said the magistrate. "From whom?"

The witness shook his head.

"I can tell you exactly how I got them," he answered. "But I can't tell you from whom, for I don't know! What I can tell you is this: When I arrived at Tilbury from Melbourne, I asked a fellow-passenger with whom I came along to London if he could tell me of a quiet, good hotel in the neighbourhood of the parks—he recommended the Belfield, in Lancaster Gate. I went there and put myself up, and from it I went out and about a good deal, looking up old haunts. I also lunched and dined a good many times at some of the new restaurants which had sprung into being since I left London. I mention this to show you that I was where I could be seen and noticed, as I evidently was. One afternoon, while I was sitting in the smoking-room at my hotel, the page-boy came in with a letter on his tray, approached me, and said that it had been brought by a district messenger. It was addressed simply, 'Mr. Cave'—the name by which I had registered at the hotel—and was sealed; the inclosure, on a half-sheet of note-paper, was typewritten. I have it here," continued the witness, producing a pocketbook and taking out


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 an envelope. "I will read its contents, and I shall be glad to let any one concerned see it. There is no address and no date, and it says this: 'If you wish to recover the papers and letters which were lost by you when you went into hospital at Wirra-Worra, Bendigo, thirty-two years ago, be at the Speke Monument in Kensington Gardens at five o'clock this afternoon.' There was no signature."

Another murmur of intense and excited interest ran round the court as the witness handed the letter up to the magistrate, who, after looking it over, passed it on to the counsel below. They, in their turn, showed it to Mr. Carless, Mr. Pawle and Lord Ellingham, Mr. Pawle, showing it to Viner, whispered in his ear:

"If this man's telling the truth," he said, "this is the most extraordinary story I ever heard in my life."

"It seems to me that it is the truth!" muttered Viner. "And I'm pretty certain that at last we're on the way to finding out who killed Ashton. But let's hear the end."

Mr. Millington-Bywater handed the letter back with a polite bow—it was very obvious to more than one observer that he had by this time quite accepted the witness as what he claimed to be.

"You kept the appointment?" he asked.

"I did, indeed!" exclaimed the witness. "As much out of greatly excited curiosity as anything! It seemed to me a most extraordinary thing that papers stolen from me in Australia thirty-two years ago should be returned to me in London! Yes, I walked down to the Speke Monument. I saw no


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 one about there but a heavily veiled woman who walked about on one side of the obelisk while I patrolled the other. Eventually she approached me, and at once asked me if I had kept secret the receipt of the mysterious letter? I assured her that I had. She then told me that she was the ambassadress of the people who had my letters and papers, and who had seen and recognized me in London and tracked me to my hotel. She was empowered to negotiate with me for the handing over of the papers. There were stipulations. I was to give my solemn word of honour that I would not follow her, or cause her to be followed. I was not to ask questions. And I was to give a post-dated check on the bank at which I had opened an account in London, on receipt of the papers. The check was to be post-dated one month; it was to be made out to bearer, and the amount was ten thousand pounds. I agreed!"

"You really agreed!" exclaimed Mr. Millington-Bywater.

"I agreed! I wanted my papers. We parted, with an agreement that we were to meet two days later at the same place. I was there—so was the woman. She handed me a parcel, and I immediately took it to an adjacent seat and examined it. Everything that I could remember was there, with two exceptions. The packet of letters from my mother, to which I referred just now, was missing; so was a certain locket, which had belonged to her, and of which I had taken great care since her death, up to the time of my accident in the mining-camp. I pointed out these omissions to the woman: she answered that the papers which she had handed over were all that had been in her principal's


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 possession. Thereupon I gave her the check which had been agreed upon, and we parted."

"And that is all you know of her?" asked Mr. Millington-Bywater.

"All!"

"Can you describe her?"

"A tallish, rather well-built woman, but so veiled that I could see nothing of her features; it was, moreover, nearly dark on both occasions. From her speech and manner, she was, I should say, a woman of education and refinement."

"Did you try to trace her, or her principals, through the district messenger who brought the letter?"

"Certainly not! I told you, just now, that I gave my word of honour: I couldn't."

Mr. Millington-Bywater turned to the magistrate.

"I can, if Your Worship desires it, put a witness in the box who can prove beyond doubt that the papers of which we have just heard this remarkable story, were recently in the possession of John Ashton," he said. "He is Mr. Cecil Perkwite, of the Middle Temple—a member of my own profession."

But the magistrate, who appeared unusually thoughtful, shook his head.

"After what we have heard," he said, "I think we had better adjourn. The prisoner will be remanded—as before—for another week."

When the magistrate had left the bench, and the court was humming with the murmur of tongues suddenly let free, Mr. Pawle forced his way to the side of the last witness.

"Whoever you are, sir," he said, "there's one


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 thing certain—nobody but you can supply the solution of the mystery about Ashton's death! Come with me and Carless at once."


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 their displeasure, but I could not abstain from taking them for very Cholerique and Quarrelsome persons. What does this therefore amount to, if it were true which is objected? But it is far from being so; for the representation of two Sharks about the Town (fellows merry and Ingenious enough, and therefore admitted into better companyes than they deserve, yet withall too very scoundrels, which is no unfrequent Character at London) the representation I say of these as Pretended Officers of the Royal Army, was made for no other purpose but to show the World, that the vices and extravagancies imputed vulgarly to the Cavaliers, were really committed by Aliens who only usurped that name, and endeavoured to cover the reproach of their Indigency or Infamy of their Actions with so honourable a Title. So that the business was not here to correct or cut off any natural branches, though never so corrupted or Luxuriant, but to separate and cast away that vermine which by sticking so close to them had done great and considerable prejudice both to the Beauty and Fertility of the Tree; And this is as plainly said, and as often inculcated as if one should write round about a Signe, This is a Dog, this is a Dog, out of over-much caution lest some might happen to mistake it for a Lyon, Therefore when this Calumny could not hold (for the case is cleer, and will take no colour) Some others sought out a subtiler hint to traduce me upon the same score, and were angry that the person whom I made a true Gentleman, and one both of considerable Quality and Sufferings in the Royal party, should not have a fair and noble Character throughout, but should submit in his great extremities to wrong his Niece for his own Relief. This is a refined exception, such as I little foresaw, nor should with the dulness of my usual Charity, have found out against another man in twenty years. The truth is, I did not intend the Character of a Hero, one of exemplary virtue, and as Homer often terms such men, Unblameable, but an ordinary jovial Gentleman, commonly called a Good Fellow, one not so conscientious as to sterve rather than do the least Injury, and yet endowed with so much sense of Honour as to refuse when that necessity was


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 removed, the gain of five thousand pounds which he might have taken from his Niece by the rigour of a Forfeiture; And let the frankness of this latter generosity so expiate for the former frailty, as may make us not ashamed of his Company, for if his true Metal be but equal to his Allay, it will not indeed render him one of the Finest sorts of men, but it will make him Current, for ought I know, in any party that ever yet was in the World. If you be to choose parts for a Comedy out of any noble or elevated rank of persons, the most proper for that work are the worst of that kind. Comedy is humble of her Nature, and has alwayes been bred low, so that she knows not how to behave her self with the great or the accomplisht. She does not pretend to the brisk and bold Qualities of Wine, but to the Stomachal Acidity of Vinegar, and therefore is best placed among that sort of people which the Romans call The Lees of Romulus. If I had designed here the celebration of the Virtues of our Friends, I would have made the Scene nobler where I intended to erect their Statues. They should have stood in Odes, and Tragedies, and Epique Poems, (neither have I totally omitted those greater testimonies of my esteem of them) Sed nunc non erat his Locus, &c. And so much for this little spiny objection which a man cannot see without a Magnifying Glass. The next is enough to knock a man down, and accuses me of no less than Prophaness. Prophane, to deride the Hypocrisie of those men whose skuls are not yet bare upon the Gates since the publique and just punishment of it? But there is some imitation of Scripture Phrases; God forbid; There is no representation of the true face of Scripture, but only of that Vizard which these Hypocrites (that is, by interpretation Actors with a Vizard) draw upon it. It is Prophane to speak of Harrisons return to Life again, when some of his friends really profest their belief of it, and he himself had been said to promise it? A man may be so imprudently scrupulous as to find prophaness in any thing either said or written by applying it under some similitude or other to some expressions in Scripture. This nicety is both vain and endless. But I call God to witness, that rather than one tittle


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 should remain among all my writings which according to my severest judgment should be found guilty of the crime objected, I would myself burn and extinguish them all together. Nothing is so detestably lewd and rechless as the derision of things sacred, and would be in me more unpardonable than any man else, who have endeavoured to root out the ordinary weeds of Poetry, and to plant it almost wholly with Divinity. I am so far from allowing any loose or irreverent expressions in matters of that Religion which I believe, that I am very tender in this point even for the grossest errors of Conscientious persons, They are the properest object (me thinks) both of our pitty and Charity too; They are the innocent and white Sectaries, in comparison of another kind who engraft Pride upon Ignorance, Tyranny upon Liberty, and upon all their Heresies, Treason and Rebellion. These are Principles so destructive to the Peace and Society of Mankind that they deserve to be persued by our serious Hatred, and the putting a Mask of Sanctity upon such Devils is do Ridiculous, that it ought to be exposed to contempt and laughter. They are indeed Prophane, who counterfeit the softness of the voyce of Holiness to disguize the roughness of the hands of Impiety, and not they who with reverence to the thing which the others dissemble, deride nothing but their Dissimulation. If some piece of an admirable Artist should be ill Copyed even to ridiculousness by an ignorant hand, and another Painter should undertake to draw that Copy, and make it yet more ridiculous, to shew apparently the difference of the two works, and deformity of the latter, will not every man see plainly that the abuse is intended to the foolish Imitation, and not to the Excellent Original? I might say much more to confute and confound this very false and malitious accusation, but this is enough I hope to cleer the matter, and is I am afraid too much for a Preface to a work of so little consideration. As for all other objections which have been or may be made against the Invention or Elocution, or any thing else which comes under the Critical Jurisdiction, let it stand or fall as it can answer for it self, for I do not lay the great stress of my Reputation


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 upon a Structure of this Nature, much less upon the slight Reparations only of an Old and unfashionable Building. There is no Writer but may fail sometimes in point of Wit, and it is no less frequent for the Auditors to fail in point of Judgment. I perceive plainly by dayly experience that Fortune is Mistris of the Theatre, as Tully sayes it is of all popular Assemblies. No man can tell sometimes from whence the Invisible winds arise that move them. There are a multitude of people who are truly and onely Spectators at a play, without any use of their Understanding, and these carry it sometimes by the strength of their Number. There are others who use their Understanding too much, who think it a sign of weakness or stupidity to let any thing pass by them unattaqued, and that the Honour of their Judgment (as some Brutals imagine of their Courage) consists in Quarrelling with every thing. We are therefore wonderfull wise men, and have a fine business of it, we who spend our time in Poetry, I do sometimes laugh, and am often angry with my self when I think on it, and if I had a Son inclined by Nature to the same folly, I believe I should bind him from it, by the strictest conjurations of a paternal Blessing. For what can be more ridiculous than to labour to give men delight, whilst they labour on their part more earnestly to take offence? to expose ones self voluntarily and frankly to all the dangers of that narrow passage to unprofitable Fame, which is defended by rude multitudes of the Ignorant, and by armed Troops of the Malitious? If we do ill many discover it and all despise us, if we do well but few men find it out, and fewer entertain it kindly. If we commit errors there is no parson, if we could do wonders there would be but little thanks, and that too extorted from unwilling Givers. But some perhaps may say, Was it not alwayes thus? Do you expect a particular privilege that was never yet enjoyed by any Poet? were the ancient Græcian, or noble Roman Authors, was Virgil himself exempt from this Passibility, Qui melior multis quam tu fuit, Improbe, rebus, Who was in many things thy better far, Thou impudent Pretender? As was said by Lucretius to a