text: Talk:Her Masterpiece

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Her Masterpiece


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Page:ISC-China.pdf/151

The UK Government Response Director General MI5 told the Committee that he had seen an improvement in joined-up thinking on these issues:

"I think I would be more concerned if we remained in a position we probably arguably were in five or ten years ago, where the national security community within Government and the prosperity community weren't really talking to each other—because I think that to do this well we really do need to integrate our understanding across both these domains to make the best possible choices."

As noted in the main body of the Report, the Government has previously failed to take national security into account when considering foreign investment. Two developments in recent years have improved the situation: the introduction of new legislation to strengthen the Government's powers to intervene in potential investments on national security grounds; and the introduction of new processes for the Intelligence Community routinely to provide input to central Government on the security implications of potential investments.

Prior to 2022, the power for Government to intervene in mergers and acquisitions was drawn from the Enterprise Act 2002. It set a very high bar for government intervention: the Intelligence Community were clear that, under the Enterprise Act, "levers for HMG intervention in Foreign Direct Investment cases [were] limited". Ultimately, it proved to be an ineffective mechanism from a national security perspective: in October 2020 the DNSA told the Committee that the Act had "only been used six times between 2004 and 2009 and then six times since 2017, so it is not a thing we can very readily bring to bear in some of these cases [of national security concern]". Four further interventions were made in 2021. Of these 16 interventions, none had resulted in a deal being blocked.

The Government sought to remedy this situation through the National Security and Investment (NSI) Act 2021. The NSI Act, which entered into force in January 2022, designated the Secretary of State for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS) as the single decision-maker in cases of acquisitions (of companies, assets and IP) which may have an adverse impact upon UK national security. The Secretary of State was to be supported by a newly created Investment Security Unit (ISU) sitting in the (then) Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy.

The ability of a Secretary of State now to intervene in mergers and acquisitions was described to the Committee as a "big upgrade" in the Government's "investment screening capabilities and powers". Interventions may be made in any acquisition that grants control of a company, regardless of company size or sector, as long as there is a sufficient connection. to the UK. The NSI regime also utilises a combination of comprehensive market monitoring

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Methodology: Covert the authorities and industry representatives were aware of the threat in order to limit any potential damage:

"It's difficult, I think, in that circumstance to prevent people from coming often to those defence exhibitions which are not MOD controlled; [they] are often commercial activities. *** China is an exporter of weapons, sells about 5% of the world's exports currently …

*** banning those Chinese companies who of course have a commercial right to be able to sell their goods would be a difficult thing to achieve."

Equipment Interference (EI) (described in Part One of the Report) refers to techniques used to obtain communications, equipment data or other information from a range of types of equipment. It is, relatively speaking, a low-cost means of acquiring IP and data—it can be conducted remotely, deniably and at-scale, and as such is a technique highly valued by China.

In 2015, the UK and China signed an agreement that prohibited cyber-enabled theft for commercial (rather than strategic) advantage. China subsequently made similar bilateral declarations with the United States, G20, Australia and Germany. ***.

We were told that there was frequent Chinese cyber targeting of UK companies and academic organisations, much of which ***. Chinese cyber victims include those with legitimate relationships with Chinese partners on science and technology ***. ***. ***. As well as conducting EI against UK-based organisations, the Committee was told that attacks have included targeting Academia, as well as supply chains and third-party service providers (including Managed Service Providers for instance, companies which provide outsourced IT functions). EI can be used to obtain technical information or to harvest Bulk Personal Datasets ***. ***.

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As noted previously, the CCP is clear—including through its 'Made in China 2025' strategy—about its ambition to become the world leader in advanced technologies such as AI and new synthetic materials. UK scientists and academics are at the cutting edge of the development of many of these technologies, however, despite this, successive UK Governments have been criticised for failing to act to protect UK science and technology against Chinese economic influence and espionage. This is a point which the Government has acknowledged. In December 2020, the Committee was told by the Deputy National Security Adviser (DNSA):

"in the past we have perhaps not had as rigorous a process at identifying, across the board, what needs to be protected based on our sovereign interest. We've had a very sophisticated process in some areas, so for example Critical National Infrastructure, which includes energy and so on. We've been weaker [historically] in other areas, for example emerging technology, potentially strategic suppliers and interdependences and data and telecoms infrastructure particularly."

However, the DNSA emphasised that there was now increasing recognition of the problem, and that matters were beginning to improve:

"I think we have, over the past couple of years, been very conscious that we needed to both fix the system and get after some of those very specific threats in a more cohesive way across the whole of Government, and with a structured policy framework and new infrastructure …"

In August 2020, the Government had, through its Emerging Technology Board, identified a number of critical and emerging technologies:

Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning; Robotics and Autonomous Systems; Quantum Technologies, Engineering / Synthetic Biology; Mobile or Consumer Telecommunications; Advanced Materials; Novel Connectivity, Digital Finances; Imaging, Sensors and Photonics; Space-related Technologies;

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CHINA  Smart Cities; Fuels from Alternative Sources; Energy Storage; Privacy Enhancing Technologies; Human Augmentation; and Nanotechnology.

We were told that the next step was for a cross-HMG agreement as to "the technologies the UK wants to Own, Collaborate and Access". As part of this effort, the Cabinet Secretary commissioned a review to:

"look at the wider issues for delivering strategic advantage through S&T [science and technology] alongside making 'clear, proactive and strategic policy choices on the science and technologies that will matter most'."

In June 2021, the Government announced the establishment of a new Cabinet Committee, the National Science and Technology Council, to "provide strategic direction on the use of science and technology". The Council is supported by a new Office for Science and Technology Strategy, based in the Cabinet Office, which is intended to "strengthen the Government's insight into cutting-edge research and technologies" and "identify what is needed to secure and protect the capability in science and technology required in the UK to deliver the Government's ambitions". The Government's Chief Scientific Adviser was additionally appointed as the National Technology Adviser.

In terms of the Intelligence Community's contribution, SIS and GCHQ have also been tasked to collect strategic intelligence ***. In 2019, SIS and GCHQ were tasked to:

*** ***  ***.

We were subsequently advised that this tasking would be replaced with the following policy outcomes to which their intelligence is expected to contribute:

*** ***  ***.

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text: Intelligence and Security Committee China report/Case Study: Industry


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 These reasons may be from information given under oath or from other circumstances.

A warrant of arrest, search, detention, or release must be made in writing and contain the following contents:

the place of issuance of the warrant;

the day, month, and year of issuance of the warrant;

the grounds for issuance of the warrant;

in the event that a warrant of arrest is to be issued, the name or identity of the person to be arrested must be specified;

in the event that a warrant of detention, imprisonment, or release is to be issued, the name of the person to be detained, imprisoned, or released must be specified;

in the event that a warrant of search is to be issued, the place to be searched and the name or identity of the person or appearance of the article to be searched for, the day and time scheduled for the search, and the name and position of the official to conduct the search shall be specified;

in the event that a warrant of arrest, warrant of detention, or warrant of search is to be issued, the offence shall be specified;

in the event that a warrant of imprisonment is to be issued, the offence and the punishment designated by the judgment shall be specified;

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Rh "We shall accomplish our object," said he, "and even the Imaum's soldiers would assist us if necessary; but my dear captain, an accident very easily occurs—an unfortunate blow would do irreparable damage to the balloon, and the journey would be hopelessly deferred; it is much better to take precautionary measures."

"But what can you do? If we disembark anywhere on the coast, it will be all the same. What can you do?"

"Nothing easier to answer," said the consul. "Do you perceive those islands outside the harbor? Disembark your balloon there, establish a cordon of sailors round you, and you will have nothing to fear."

"Capital," cried the doctor, "and we shall be able to make our preparations in comfort."

The captain yielded to this advice. The Resolute hauled up alongside the island of Koumbeni. During the morning of the 16th April the balloon was safely bestowed in the midst of an open space, shaded from the sun by large surrounding trees.

Two masts, each twenty-eight feet high, were placed at some distance apart, and pulleys fixed to them, so as to raise the balloon to the center of the rope stretched between them. The balloons were quite empty. The inner one was fastened to the top of the outer one, so that it could be raised with it.

To the lower extremity of each balloon were fixed the tubes for the introduction of the hydrogen. The whole of the 17th was passed in arranging the apparatus for making the gas. It consisted of thirty casks, in which the decomposition of the water was carried on by means of iron and sulphuric acid mixed with a quantity of water. The hydrogen gave off into a vast vat in the center, having been purified in transit, and thence it passed into the balloons through the tubes. In this manner each was filled with an accurately-known quantity of gas. In this operation 1,866 gallons of sulphuric acid, 16,500 pounds of iron, and 966 gallons of water were employed.

This operation was begun about three o'clock on the following morning, and continued till eight. The next day the balloons, covered by the net, were balanced gracefully above the car, which was held down by a number of bags of earth. The apparatus for the dilation was put in with


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226 great care, and the pipes leading from the balloon were fastened into the cylindrical chest.

The grapnels, ropes, instruments, rugs, tent, the provisions, and arms were placed in the car as previously arranged. Water was provided at Zanzibar. Two hundred pounds of ballast were taken in in fifty sacks, and placed at the bottom of the car within reach. The preparations were ended about 5 The sentinels patroled continually around the island, and the boats of the Resolute kept watch in the channel.

The negroes continued to display their anger by cries, grimaces, and contortions. The sorcerers went about amongst the excited people fanning their indignation. Some fanatics endeavored to swim across to the island, but they were easily repulsed.

Then the charms and incantations commenced. The rain-compellers, who pretended to be able to control the clouds, summoned up hurricanes and hailstones to their assistance. For that object they collected leaves of all the different trees in the country and made a fire, and sacrificed a sheep by driving a long needle into its heart. But, notwithstanding their ceremonies, the sky continued cloudless, and they were no better for their sheep and their grimaces.

The negroes then abandoned themselves to the most terrible orgies, and got tremendously drunk with "tembo," a potent spirit derived from the cocoa-nut tree, or upon a very "heady" species of beer called "togwa." Their songs without melody, but of correct rhythm, were heard all through the night.

About 6 a farewell dinner was given to the three travelers on board the Resolute. Kennedy, to whom nobody addressed many questions, muttered some indistinct sentences, and never took his gaze from Doctor Ferguson. This was a very melancholy repast. The near approach of the moment for parting inspired many sad reflections in everyone. What fate was in store for these venturesome travelers? Would they ever return to their friends and their happy homes? If their means of transport failed, what would become of them in the midst of savage tribes in an unknown territory in the embrace of an illimitable desert.


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Rh These fancies, hitherto put in the background, and to which they had attached little importance, now began to prey upon their already excited feelings. Doctor Ferguson, always cool and collected, spoke of other things and other people, but even he struggled in vain to dissipate the prevailing sadness; he could not overcome that.

As some fears had been expressed respecting the safety of the doctor and his companions, they slept that night on board the Resolute. At 6 they quitted their cabin and landed on the island of Koumbeni. The balloon floated gracefully in the light easterly breeze. The bags of earth had been replaced by twenty sailors. Captain Penney and his officers were present at this last solemn farewell.

At this moment Kennedy walked up to the doctor, and took his hand. "Is it really decided, Samuel, that you are going?"

"It is really decided, my dear Dick."

"I have done all I could to hinder your voyage?"

"Everything!"

"Then my conscience is clear, and I shall go with you!"

"I was sure you would," replied the doctor, as the tears started to his eyes.

The moment for the final adieu had now arrived. The captain and his officers all embraced their courageous friends, not excepting the worthy Joe, proud and joyful that day. All the sailors wished to shake hands with Doctor Ferguson.

At nine o'clock the three traveling companions took their places in the car. The doctor lighted his blow-pipe, and heated it so as to produce a high temperature. The balloon, which had hitherto remained in equilibrio, began to sway. The sailors were obliged to slacken the ropes they held. The car ascended twenty feet.

"My friends," cried the doctor, coming forward and waving his hat, "let us give our aërial vessel a name which carries happiness everywhere—let us call it the 'Victoria!'"

A ringing cheer was the reply. "God save the Queen! Hurrah for Old England!"

At this moment the ascending force reached a tremendous pitch. Ferguson, Kennedy, and Joe waved a last adieu to their friends.


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228 "Let go, all!" cried the doctor. And the "Victoria" rose rapidly, while the four carronades of the Resolute thundered out a salute as she glided upwards on her perilous journey.

air was clear, the wind was moderate, the "Victoria" mounted almost perpendicularly to a height of 1,500 feet, which was indicated by a depression of nearly two inches in the barometrical column.

At this elevation, a more decided current carried the balloon towards the southwest. What a magnificent panorama unfolded itself beneath the eyes of the travelers! The island of Zanzibar was in sight from end to end, and stood out in its rich coloring as upon a huge board; the fields presented an appearance of patchwork, and the large clumps of trees indicated the woods and coppices.

The inhabitants appeared like insects. The cheers and cries died away in the air by degrees, and the reports of the ship's guns vibrated only in the lower concavity of the balloon. "How splendid all that is!" cried Joe, breaking the silence for the first time.

No reply was vouchsafed. The doctor was occupied in observing the barometrical changes and taking note of the various details of the ascent. Kennedy stared at it and could not take it all in.

The sun added to the heat of the blow-pipe and increased the expansion of the gas. The "Victoria" reached a height of 2,500 feet. The Resolute now appeared like a small barque, and the African coast loomed in the west like an enormous line of foam.

"Why don't you speak?" said Joe.

"We are making observations," replied the doctor, as he turned his glass towards the continent.

"Well, I feel as if I must speak," said Joe.

"Fire away, Joe; talk as much as you like."

Joe therefore gave way to a tremendous string of exclamations. The "ohs," the "ahs," and the "good heavens" were something astonishing.

While they were crossing the sea, the doctor thought it


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 better to maintain this elevation, as he could observe a greater extent of coast; the thermometer and the barometer, suspended in the interior of the half-opened tent, were almost incessantly consulted; a second barometer, placed outside, was for use during the night.

After two hours the "Victoria," impelled at a rate of a little over eight miles, neared the coast. The doctor determined to approach the earth; he moderated the flame of the blow-pipe, and soon the balloon descended to within 300 feet of the ground.

He perceived that he was just over Mrima, a name bestowed on this portion of the coast of Eastern Africa; thick lines of mango bushes lined the shore, their roots, lacerated by the Indian Ocean, were left plainly visible by the ebb-tide. The sand-hills, which formerly constituted the coast line, rose above the horizon, and Mount Nguru showed its head in the northwest.

The "Victoria " passed close to a village, which, from the map, the doctor pronounced to be Kaole. All the population assembled to utter yells of anger and fear as the travelers passed. Arrows were vainly directed against the air monster, which floated majestically above the reach of their futile fury.

The wind went round to the south, but the doctor was not disturbed by this; on the contrary, he was rather glad to follow the route traversed by Captains Burton and Speke.

Kennedy at last had become as loquacious as Joe, and they mutually exchanged remarks expressive of their admiration. "What is a diligence after this?" said one.

"Or a steamer?" said the other.

"Or a wretched railway?" rejoined Kennedy, "in which you pass through the country without seeing it."

"Give me a balloon," said Joe, "where you needn't stir, and nature takes the trouble to unroll herself at your feet."

"What a magnificent prospect! how splendid it all is! like a beautiful dream in a hammock."

"I wonder if we are to have any breakfast," said Joe, to whom the pure air had given an appetite.

"Happy thought, my lad," said Kennedy.

"Oh! the cooking won't take long; it is only biscuits and preserved meat."

"With as much coffee as you like," added the doctor.


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 :"c., which would deploy the 82nd Airborne Division but would leave Marine Corps battalions in CONUS. This plan would likewise envisage no Reserve callup and no legislative action."

Under Plan One, elements of one brigade of the 82nd Airborne Division could commence movement within 24 hours and the division itself 36-48 hours later. 6/9ths of a Marine Corps Division/wing team could be ready for deployment to Vietnam in one week without utilizing Vietnam replacement drafts. Dependent upon the availability of aircraft and the degree of drawdown on the current level of Southeast Asia airlift support, the deployment could be completed within three to four weeks.

Under Plan Two, elements of two CONUS Marine Divisions, consisting of 12 battalions could be air transported to Vietnam, although two weeks preparation be required. This deployment, however, would deplete Marine Corps assets except for three battalions -- one afloat in the Mediterranean, one afloat in the Caribbean, and one ashore at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba.

Under Plan Three, as under Plan One, elements of one brigade of the 82nd Airborne Division could commence movement in 24 hours, the division itself 36-48 hours later.

All of these plans, however, would require drawdowns on previously protected CONUS stocks during procurement lead-time for new production and would further aggravate the shortage of long procurement lead time items currently short, such as helicopters, tracked combat vehicles, and ammunition

In examining the capacity to meet the possibility of widespread civil disorder in the United States, the Joint Chiefs of Staff concluded that, whether or not deployments under any of the plans were directed, it appeared that sufficient forces would still be available for civil disorder control.

However, the Joint Chiefs of Staff cautioned that the residual CONUS-based active combat-ready ground forces that would result from the extension of each of the plans examined would be:

 * "a. Plan One - 6/9 Marine Division/Wing Team.

 * b. Plan Two - One Airborne Division.

TOP SECRET – Sensitive


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 "Allow me to borrow a little heat from my blow-pipe; there is plenty of it. In this way we shall have no fear of fire."

"That would be terrible," said Kennedy. "It is like sitting under a magazine."

"Not at all," said Ferguson; "if the gas did happen to take light it would burn by degrees, but we should come down to the ground, which would be inconvenient. But never fear, our balloon is hermetically sealed."

"Well, let us have something to eat," said Kennedy.

"Here you are, gentlemen," said Joe; "and while I follow your example in eating I will go and prepare a coffee of which you shall tell me the origin."

"The fact is," said the doctor, "that Joe, amongst a thousand virtues, has an extraordinary talent for preparing this delicious beverage. He makes it of all kinds of things which he never wishes me to know anything about."

"Well, sir, since we are in the open air, I can confide my recipe to you. It is, in fact, a mixture of equal parts of Mocha, Bourbon, and Rio Nunez."

Shortly afterwards three steaming cups were served, which brought a substantial breakfast to a termination, and each one resumed his post of observation.

The country was distinguished by its extreme fertility. Winding and narrow pathways were hidden by arches of verdure. They passed over fields of tobacco, maize and barley in full growth. Here and there immense rice-fields with their straight stalks and ruddy flowers. Sheep and goats were enclosed in raised pens, to preserve them from the attacks of leopards. A luxurious vegetation displayed itself upon this prodigal soil. In the numerous villages the cries and the astonishment were renewed at the sight of the "Victoria," and Doctor Ferguson kept prudently out of reach of arrows; the inhabitants, assembling around their thickly-grouped huts, pursued the travelers for long distances with vain yells and imprecations.

At noon, the doctor, referring to the map, was of opinion that they were above the town of Uzaramo. The country bristled with cocoa-nut, papaw, and cotton trees, over which the "Victoria" idly disported itself. Joe took all this as a matter of course, ever since he had made up his mind to come to Africa. Kennedy descried hares and quails, which desired no better fate than to be killed by his gun, but it


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Page:Supplement to the fourth, fifth, and sixth editions of the Encyclopaedia Britannica - with preliminary dissertations on the history of the sciences - illustrated by engravings (IA gri 33125011196181).pdf/764

  Places Fortes, et Retranchements, 1789, in 8vo. 7. De la Force Militaire Considerée dans ces Rapports Conservateurs, 1790, in 8vo. 8. Considerations Militaires et Politiques sur les Fortifications, 1795, in 8vo. This work was published at the expence of the Government, and contains a sort of digest of all his observations and opinions on military subjects.—See Biographie Moderne, Tom. I. and Biographie Universelle, Tom. II. ARCY, Member of the Academy of Sciences of Paris, a general officer in the French army, Chevalier of the order of St Louis, &c. was born in Ireland in 1725. His parents, in consequence of their attachment to the House of Stuart, left Ireland, and settled in France. He studied Mathematics with distinguished success under Clairaut the elder, and had tor his fellow-student the celebrated Clairaut the son. He obtained a commission in the French army; and, in 1746, was embarked in the expedition which was intended to make a descent in Scotland. He was made prisoner, and was treated like other prisoners of war, no notice being taken of his having been born a British subject. He continued attached to the House of Stuart during the whole of his life.

In 1760, he published his Essay on Artillery. To estimate the force of the explosion of gun-powder, he employed a cannon suspended, so that the arc of vibration described by it on its being fired, was a measure of the force of explosion. To measure the initial velocity of a projectile, he used Robins’s machine. Robins showed, that when the velocity of a projectile is great, the resistance opposed by the air is not in proportion to the square of the velocity, as is the case when the velocity is small. D’Arcy made experiments with a view of ascertaining this law, but without success. His work contains an account of experiments made by him to determine the most advantageous length of cannon. He published a paper on hydraulic machines in 1754, where he treats of the maximum of effect of water-wheels. He also published a paper concerning the duration of the impression of light on the retina. He found that the revolution of a luminous point must be rapid, so as to be performed in $8⁄60$ of a second at the least, in order to produce the appearance of a continued luminous circle.

He was of a handsome figure, and passed much of his time in the gay world. A short time before his death he married a young lady his niece, and took the title of Count. Although attached to the House of Stuart, and therefore inimical to the English Government, yet he admired the national character of the English, and was attentive to English travellers. He died in 1779, and was succeeded at the Academy by the Abbé Bossut.

 ARGYLESHIRE, or, an extensive County in the west of Scotland, is usually described under two great divisions,—the mainland, and such of the Western Islands as are politically attached to it. It is of the former only, that we propose to give some account at present, referring to the article for the Islands noted below, which form a part of this County.

The mainland of Argyleshire, situate between 55° 21′ and 57° north latitude, and between 1° 22′ and 3° 25′ of longitude west from Edinburgh, is bounded by Inverness-shire on the north, by the Shires of Perth and Dumbarton on the east, by the Irish Sea on the south, and by the Atlantic Ocean on the west; the Firth of Clyde, which separates it from the Shire of Renfrew, forming its boundary on the southeast. Its greatest length, from the Mull of Kintyre on the south, to the point of Ardnamurchan on the north, is 115 miles; its breadth above 68; and from the windings of the numerous bays and creeks with which the land is everywhere indented, it is supposed to have more than 600 miles of sea-coast. Of 27 parishes into which the mainland of Argyleshire is divided, two of which belong in part to Inverness-shire, only one is altogether inland. The extent of this part of the County, of which the land comprehends 2200 square miles, and the lakes 60, is equal to about one-thirteenth part of the whole af Scotland.—Having pointed out the principal divisions, and given a general view of the surface in the article in the body of the work, we shall here confine our notices to the industry and condition of its inhabitants.

The only crops cultivated to any extent on the mainland of Argyleshire, are bear or bigg, oats, and potatoes. A little wheat is raised near Campbelltown, and in other parts of Kintyre; and a few patches of turnips are occasionally seen, but chiefly on the farms of proprietors. Clovers also, though more frequent, have not yet come into extensive culture, notwithstanding these, and other green crops, are better adapted, both to the climate and the leading branches of the husbandry of the country, than grain. The principal object in the culture of bigg is the supply of the distilleries. The great body of the inhabitants live almost exclusively on oatmeal and potatoes; of the former of which they have been in the practice of importing about 20,000 bolls (of 140 lbs.) annually. Considerable progress, indeed, has been made of late in the improvement of agriculture, but this is necessarily limited by the small proportion of land fit for profitable cultivation; there being only 125,000 acres arable out of 1,408,000 which this part of Argyleshire contains; as well as by the mode in which, till very lately, farms were held—without leases—and for performance of many vexatious services. Even, at this time, we cam recognise in Argyleshire the prominent features of the feudal ages,—a few great proprietors, and a numerous tenantry, indolent and poor. Of the valued rent, taken in 1751, of the mainland, with four small Islands, amounting to L. 9924, 8s. 1d., almost a fourth belongs to two


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 :c. Plan Three - One and 3/9 Marine Division/Wing Team."

Moreover, these forces were at various levels of readiness and a high percentage of their personnel were Vietnam returnees or close to the end of the obligated active service. The capability of these uncommitted general purpose forces was further constrained, the Joint Chiefs pointed out, by shortages of critical skilled specialists and shortages in mission essential items of equipment and material. Thus, the Joint Chiefs emphasized, our posture of readily available combat forces was seriously strained. Any decision to deploy emergency augmentation forces should be accompanied by the recall of at least an equivalent number, or more prudently, additional Reserve component forces and an extension of terms of service for active duty personnel. Indeed, the Chiefs, warned,

"It is not clear at this time whether the enemy will be able to mount and sustain a second series of major attacks throughout the country. It is equally unclear as to how well the Vietnamese Armed Forces would be able to stand up against such a series of attacks if they were to occur. In the face of these uncertainties, a more precise assessment of USMACV'S additional force requirements, if any, must await further developments. The Joint Chiefs of Staff do not exclude the possibility that additional developments could make further deployments necessary."

Based on this assessment of the situation, the Joint Chiefs of Staff concluded and recommended that:

 * "a. A decision to deploy reinforcements to Vietnfull be deferred at this time.

 * "b. Measures be taken no',r to prepare the 82nd Airborne Division and 6/9 Marine Division/Wing team for possible deployment to Vietnam.

 * "c. As a matter of prudence, call certain additional Reserve units to active duty now. Deployment of emergency reinforcements to Vietnam should not be made without concomitant callup of Reserves sufficient at least to replace those deployed and provide for the increased sustaining base requirements of all Services. In addition, bring selected Reserve force units to full strength and an increased state of combat readiness.

 * "d. Legislation be sought now to (1) provide authority to call individual Reservists to active duty; (2) extend past 30 June 1968 the existing authority to call Reserve units to active duty; and (3) extend terms of service for active duty personnel.

Rh


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 in the event that a warrant of detention or imprisonment is to be issued, the place where the detention or imprisonment shall be conducted shall be specified;

in the event that a warrant of release is to be issued, the reasons for the release shall be specified;

the signature and seal of the court or signature, name, and position of the official issuing the warrant.

Subject to section 97, administrative or police officials have the power and duty to execute criminal warrants delivered or sent for execution under their powers.

Any criminal warrant issued or endorsed by a court may be delivered or sent to an administrative or police official within the jurisdiction of the court who is named in the warrant or to the chief administrative or police official of the province or district who is required to execute such warrant.

In the latter event, the official receiving the warrant must be responsible for the execution of such warrant. He may execute it himself or order an inferior official to execute it on his behalf, or may deliver or send

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 A minimum callup of Reserve units to replace deploying forces and to sustain and support them was justified, the Joint Chiefs stated, by the situation:

"a. . The 82nd Airborne Division represents the only readily deployable Army division in the CONUS-based active strategic reserve. The impending reduction of this division by one-third to meet approved deployments establishes an immediate requirement for its prompt reconstitution which is possible only by the callup of Reserve units. In order to replace the forces deployed from the strategic reserve, to provide support units to meet anticipation requirements in I CTZ and to provide a wider rotation base of requisite ranks and skills, it will be necessary for the Army to call up two infantry brigade forces of the Reserve components. This callup will total approximately 32,000 personnel. These two brigades should attain a combat-ready and deployable status in 12 weeks following callup.

"b.

"(1) The Marine Corps cannot sustain additional deployments to Southeast Asia under current personnel policies. Thus, the force authorized for deployment must be replaced with a comparable Reserve unit as soon as possible. The Reserve force required for this purpose will consist of one Marine regiment, reinforcing combat support and combat service support units, and one composite Marine Air Group Hith one VWA, one VMP, and two medium helicopter squadrons (HMM).

"(2) The Reserve force will consist of approximately 12,000 personnel. It will provide the capability to deploy a balanced, self-sustaining air/ground combat force in relief of the lightly structured 27th Marines (Rein) and permit return of the 27th Marine Regiment (Rein) to the training/rotation base in CONUS/Hawaii. This exchange would commence as soon as the Reserve unit becomes combat-ready (approximately 60 days after callup) and must be completed not later than 120 days after deployment of RLT-27.

"(3) It is envisioned that the Reserve forces will be redeployed to CONUS without replacement after 13 months in South Vietnam. However, if this does not occur, it will be best to deploy a relief brigade from the 4th Marine Division/wing team. Alternately, an adequate rotation base in CONUS to sustain the continued deployment can be created but to do so requires extensions of terms of service and other personnel policy changes.

"(4) In addition, it must be recognized that the anticipated proportionate increase in personnel losses will require an increase in the end strength of the active forces to sustain these losses.


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 it, which is more. I prefer to swing back and keep the balance of power.

"Sir, you did wrong to make love to me again, when I had trusted you to make friendship. No, I shall be quite unable to play golf with you on Saturday, and I shall not be at home on Sunday afternoon. I am going out to the cemetery to put some flowers on Ina's grave. And on Monday Father has invited an old friend of ours, Dr. Robert Hazelton, to dinner, so I shall be preëngaged all that evening, while you are reading to Father, and probably much later. And on Tuesday I am going to a dance at the Curtises'. There is one thing I am convinced of: it is the greatest mistake, both in life and in literature, to suppose that love is the difficult, the complicated thing. It is not love, it is friendship, which is the great problem of civilized society. The other is quite elemental beside it. "M. T."

June the thirteenth. I loved Mr. Herwin, of course I would not, in fact I perceive that I could not, make him so miserable. I think he is the handsomest man, when he is unhappy, whom I ever knew in my life. I like to be quite just to people. He has the bewildering beauty of a pagan god (I mean,


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] coast near our anchoring station, had provided for the safety of their women and children, by conducting them, before their departure from the island, into the villages in the heart of the country. The road-stead where our vessels lay is called by the natives Boni-Sainé. It is distant about 5,130 toises to the eastward of Ravak, and formed by the coast of Waygiou and a small island called by the natives Boni, which was eastward of our station. We were here almost under the Equator, our latitude being found by observation 38″ S. Our longitude was 128° 53′ E.

We took in our water towards the extremity of the road-stead, at a pretty large river, into which our boats could enter more than 500 toises from its mouth at low water, and twice as far at high water.

The thermometer, as observed on board, did not rise higher than 24°, undoubtedly in consequence of the abundant rains.

The barometer varied only from 28 inches 1 line to 28 inches 1½ line.

The variation of the magnetic needle was 1° 14′ E.

The breezes were very slight, and varied only from S.S.E. to S.W.

On the 28th we sailed from Waygiou, and


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304 ranged along its northern coast, standing to the west, in order to weather the westerly point. We here met with a flat which is not indicated upon the charts, where the soundings gave us a depth of from four to eight fathoms, within a space of about 300 toises in length, which we were obliged to cross. We observed in different places, rocks almost even with the water's edge, but were fortunate enough to keep clear of them. The greatest length of this flat is about 1,000 toises from north to south.

On the 4th of we cast anchor in the road-stead of Bourou, at the distance of 1,000 toises from the Dutch settlement, in a depth of 20 fathoms, over a bottom of sand and mud. The Commander of this station immediately sent a corporal to us, to offer us a supply of whatever fresh provisions we might have occasion for. A few minutes after we observed some muskets fired amongst a herd of buffaloes that were walking along the shore, and were informed that the Resident had ordered two of the fattest to be killed for the use of our vessels. Well acquainted with the wants of navigators, he had sent us a great quantity of fruit, several bottles of an agreeable liquor extracted from the palm-tree, and some of the young leaves of a species of fern of the genus


text: Voyage in Search of La Pérouse/Volume 2/Chapter 15


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 a certified true copy of the warrant to another administrative or police official who has the duty to execute the warrant he has received. If the warrant is delivered or sent to two or more officials, the officials may execute the warrant separately or jointly.

Any criminal warrant issued by a superior administrative or police official may be executed by such official himself within his jurisdiction or may be executed as prescribed in paragraphs 2 and 3.

Subject to all the provisions of this Code dealing with arrest and search, an official executing a warrant thereof must notify the relevant persons of the contents of the warrant and shall, if requested, send the warrant to them for their inspection.

The notification of the contents of the warrant, the sending of the warrant for inspection, and the day, month, and year thereof shall be recorded on the warrant.

When an official has executed a criminal warrant, he shall record the details of the execution. If the execution of

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text: The Zoologist/3rd series, vol 1 (1877)/Issue 4/Ornithological notes from St. Andrews, N.B., during the Autumn and Winter of 1876


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 the warrant is unsuccessful, the circumstances shall be recorded and the record shall be sent with dispatch to the authority issuing the warrant.

If the person named in a criminal warrant has been arrested, or the person or article required by a warrant to be searched for has been discovered, such person or article shall, if possible, be sent with dispatch to the person issuing the warrant, save where it is otherwise ordered.

If a person arrested by virtue of a warrant absconds or enabled by anyone to abscond, the official conducting the arrest has the power to pursue and arrest him without requiring another warrant.

The reasons for issuing a warrant of arrest are as follows:

when a reasonably suspected alleged offender or an accused has no fixed residence;

when the maximum rate of punishment for the offence an alleged offender is reasonably suspected of or an accused is charged with is three years or more;

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text: Supplement to the Fourth, Fifth, and Sixth Editions of the Encyclopædia Britannica/Arcon (J. C. E. Le Michaud D’)


text: Supplement to the Fourth, Fifth, and Sixth Editions of the Encyclopædia Britannica/Arcy (Patrick D’)


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 when an alleged offender or accused who is not under custody or detention fails without proper excuse to appear as summonsed or scheduled, or has absconded, or is reasonably suspected to be about to abscond or directly or indirectly tamper with evidence;

when an alleged offender or accused who has been granted a provisional release is unable to provide a bail bond with a higher amount of money than the former one or unable to procure additional or better security according to section 115;

A warrant of arrest may be issued against a person whose name is not yet known, but his identity must be described as thoroughly as possible.

A warrant of arrest shall remain operative until the arrest is successful, save where the criminal offence according to such warrant is barred by limitation or the warrant is recalled by the official or court issuing it.

The reasons for issuing a warrant of search are as follows:

to find and seize an article which may be evidence corroborating an inquiry, preliminary examination, or trial;

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440 coroner's quiet comment, as he handed the paper across to the girl.

Yes, there's the splotch,' she replied, 'I'd know it anywhere.'

"So you see," continued the man in the corner, with a chuckle, "that the chain of circumstantial evidence against Lady Barnsdale was getting somewhat entangled. It was indeed fortunate for her that Sir Gilbert Culworth had not destroyed the envelope in which she had handed him over the money on the following day.

"Alice Holt, as you know, heard the conflict and raised the alarm much later in the night, when everybody was already in bed, whilst long before that Lady Barnsdale was apparently in possession of the money with which she could pay back her debt.

"Thus the motive for the crime so far as she was concerned was entirely done away with. Directly after the episode witnessed by Jane Barlow, Lady Barnsdale had a sort of nervous collapse, and went to bed feeling very ill. Lord Barnsdale was terribly concerned about her, he and the maid remained alternately by her bedside for an hour or two; finally Lord Barnsdale went to sleep in his dressing-room, whilst Jane also finally retired to rest.

"Ill as Lady Barnsdale undoubtedly was then, it was absolutely preposterous to conceive that she could after that have planned and carried out so monstrous a crime, without any motive whatever. To have locked Alice Holt's door, then gone downstairs, forced her way into the old lady's room, struggled with her, to have jumped out of the window, and run back into the house by the garden, might have been the work of a determined woman, driven mad by the desire for money, but became absolutely out of the question in the case of a woman suffering from nervous collapse, and having apparently no motive for the crime.

"Of course Sir Arthur Inglewood made the most of the fact that no mud was found on any shoes or dress belonging to Lady Barnsdale. The flower-bed was very soft with the heavy rain of the day before, and Lady Barnsdale could not possibly have jumped even from a ground-floor window and trampled on the flower-bed, without staining her skirts.

"Then there was another point which the clever lawyer brought to the coroner's notice. As Alice Holt had stated in her sworn evidence that Mme. Quesnard had owned to being frightened of Lady Barnsdale that night, was it likely that she would of her own accord have opened the door to her in the middle of the night, without at least calling for assistance?

"Thus the matter has remained a strange and unaccountable puzzle. It has always been called the 'Barnsdale Mystery' for that reason. Everyone, somehow, has always felt that Lady Barnsdale did have something to do with that terrible tragedy. Her husband has taken her abroad, and they have let Barnsdale Manor; it almost seems as if the ghost of the old French woman had driven them forth from their own country.

"As for Alice Holt, she maintains to this day that Lady Barnsdale was the culprit, and I understand that she has not yet given up all hope of collecting a sufficiency of evidence to have the beautiful and fashionable woman of society arraigned for this hideous murder."

"Will she succeed, do you think?" I asked at last.

"Succeed? Of course she won't," he retorted excitedly. "Lady Barnsdale never committed that murder; no woman, except, perhaps, an East-end factory hand, could have done it at all."

"But then?" I urged.

"Why then," he replied with a chuckle, "the only logical conclusion is that the robbery and the murder were not committed by the same person, nor at the same hour of the night; moreover, I contend that there was no premeditated murder, but that the old lady died from the result of a pure accident."

"But how?" I gasped.

"This is my version of the story," he said, excitedly, as his long bony fingers started fidgeting, fidgeting with that eternal bit of string. "Lady Barnsdale, pressed for money, made an appeal to Mme. Quesnard, which the latter refused, as we know. Then there was an acrimonious dispute between the two ladies, after which came the dinner hour, then Madame, feeling ill and upset, went up to bed at nine o'clock.

"Now, my contention is that undoubtedly the robbery had been committed before that, between the dispute and Madame's bed time.

"By whom?

"By Lady Barnsdale, of course, who, as the mistress of the house, could come and go from room to room without exciting any comment, who, moreover, at 6 p.m. was hard-pressed for money, and who but a few


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Rh

—Part of this Report has been issued in a very neat form, by J. S. Redfield, of Clinton Hall, this city. It consists of 100 pages of closely printed matter, and is illustrated with a number of good wood cuts relating to the Art of Propulsion. It is our intention to present the principal part of these in our history of Navigation, and we therefore will not say anything upon that subject as present, but there are so many new subjects touched upon—so many rare facts brought forth in the other parts of the Report, that we think it will be of interest to every one of our subscribers to read a few of these which we have selected.

In the introduction, differing from “Douglas on the Advancement of Society,” he says in reference to the Advent of the Arts, “Man has everywhere made his debut in the character of an Orson. The annals of all the people of old began with their condition as savages—those of the Jews form no exception.” This is a singular chapter, but we pass over it to another part. “The Earth,” he says, “is a laboratory, in which, as a chemist, man has hardly begun to operate. When every force, latent and manifest is brought into service, and made the most of,—when man has spread his influence over every foot of the earthsEarth's [sic] surface, and brought the stores beneath it within his reach—when mundane matter in whatever form appearing, is made to contribute to its ends, and when this planet is wholly changed from its natural wildness, into a fet theatre for cultivated intelligences, it will be time enough to speak of human advancement as culminating, and the arts as having reached the limits of perfection. Till these things come to pass, instead of looking for no more discoveries we should be prepared for a constant succession of them.” So we think. On the dignity of Mechanical pursuits, he says, “the world is one of God's Workshops, and the universe a collection of his inventions, and in the squeamishness of half-formed philosophers and of high bred fashionable respecting manual and mechanical pursuits, finds no sympathy, but terrible rebuke. His words proclaim his preference for the useful to the merely imaginative, and in truth it is in such, that the truly beautiful or sublime is to be found. A steamer is a mightier epic than the Illiad,—and Whitney, Jacquard and Blanchard might laugh even Virgil, Milton and Tasso to scorn.”

In regard to what inventors have done, he says, “The idea is common that savans discover and inventors apply. It is not always so.” Nearly every marked advance in civilization, began with and is due to the latter. The invention of printing, spinning frames, power looms, the steam engine, gas lights, steamboats, lithography, telegraphs and railroads, honorably distinguish our times” and mark the rapid advance of civilization. The chapter on this subject is very interesting. There is a capital chapter on the oppressions of the industrious classes during the dark ages, by the most unrighteous patents or monopolies, whereby workmen and manufacturers suffered the most unjust persecutions and exactions. No one should fail to read to this chapter, it would enlighten those calumniators of the present age, who feast with riotous pleasure upon the “good old days.” He believes that Prime Motors are the Chief Levers of Civilization—such as the Water Wheel, Steam Engine, &c. He says, “there is no hazard in asserting that none of the ordinary modes of employing water as a Motor, are perfected.—The re-acting water wheel, until a recent period was little else than a toy in the lecture room, while, as exemplified in the turbine, the same principle has yielded eighty per cent of the power employed. This strongly admonishes us, certainly, to investigate every source of mechanical force, with a view to economise it. Prime movers are too precious gifts to be only half used up. The turbine elucidates a truth, which inventors, above all other men, should cherish.” In reference to Electric Motors he says: “At the present cost of metalicmetallic [sic] fuel (zinc), electro magnetism cannot become commercially valuable, nor can it compete with steam in any of its ordinary applications—for there is more virtue in a pound of coal then five of zinc. He believes that a new power is now wanted and looked for, and that there is a vast field of enterprise open for its introduction.

Nature, he believes, has yet her hidden mysteries, which the genius of man must extort from her. The water-sprout can be observed in its workings, lifting water from the bosom of the ocean, but no one has yet been able satisfactorily to explain the causes of such a phenomenon.

We have but gleaned a few kernels from this Report; it may furnish us with texts and matter for one or more future reviews. In all likelihood it will not be published by government business, so as to get the printing executed better and faster than has been done during the past two years. No one can get this Report by writing to Washington—it is a private enterprise, engaged in by the sensation created for the whole of the Report, from the extracts of it which were published in the Tribune of this city. See advertisement. undefined

In our last number we gave a representation of a pier that was built upon Tubular Piles, sunk by the invention of Dr. Potts, who has just secured a patent for the United States.—In our description last week, we promised to give a fuller explanation of the process, and we will now proceed to do so.

Pile Driving is of great importance to the Hydraulic Engineer, and the means of expediting the old plans, have long engaged the attention of many eminent men. By the present plans, a great power is exerted by repeated blows to force down the piles—the soil has to be forced apart, to make room for the pile which if driven in like a wedge. The depth to which a pile can be driven is limited by the length of the pile of timber. The new process of Dr. Potts is entirely different from any heretofore employed. He employs a hollow pile, places it perpendicular on the spot where it is to be sunk, exhausts the air from it by ana [sic] pump, the soil is drawn up through it from below, and the tube sinks as the soil is drawn up by the continued operation of the air pump. The pile is not driven down by the mere pressure of the atmosphere on the top of the pile, but by the continual undermining process going on at the bottom of the tube, and the pressure likewise—thus a driving and excavating process is by far the best. The tubes are made of cast iron, and can be constructed in such a manner that one can be tightly fitted on to the other, as it is sunk nearly to the surface of the water, and thus a pile of ana [sic] hundred feet may be made up and sunk in sections. It will be observed that this process is only adapted for sinking piles in sand banks or bars, but at the same time it will sink a tube farther and easier in the most compact sands, than can be done by the old methods. These tubes have been sunk for a beacon on the celebrated Goodwin Sands, to a depth of 32 feet. Admiral Beaufort experimented on the same sands with a steel bar, and could drive it down only eight feet with a sledge hammer. It is a process which commends itself for carrying telegraph wires over many rivers, by sinking piles for posts at considerable distances from the shore. There are many places very favorable to carry out such a project. The practical operation of this discovery develops one fact, which would not readily be apprehended, viz., that gravel, clay, shingle, and stones of considerable size are drawn up, and the stones, like the large sparks from a locomotive, are drawn up first—the heaviest bodies thus running up faster than the lighter particles. This is owing to the cohesion of the masses, for the pressure is equal on the whole surface, but it shows that these piles may be sunk in very refractory soils, if there is moisture to assist the adhesion of the soil in passing up through the tube, and what is essentially necessary at the same time, prevent the air from getting into the tube in any way. In a goof operative model, we have seen masses of metal carried up through the tubes, with apparently greater facility than sand. The principle can be applied to a great number of purposes—such as well sinking in many places, and also for excavating itself. One good application of it would be to make sea walls by sinking the tubes, forming them into groins, and filling them up with concrete, which in time would form a wall better than any other kind whatever, and certainly at far less expense. There are our opinions, formed from observation.

We could say a great deal upon this subject, but we trust that enough has been said by us to convince our Civil Engineers that if they do not pay particular attention to this invention, they will be blind to their own interests, and exhibit a want of scientific enterprise. For piers, embankments, &c., in quicksand, we know of no discovery equal to it. If it had been employed in the construction of the U. S. Dry Dock at Brooklyn, it would, we believe, have saved at least half a million of dollars. undefined

The recent and horrible effects arising from the explosion of steam boilers, induces me to do what I have long intended, viz., to make public my own experience in the management of them—owning and running a steam engine, as I did, for a long time in this city, the boiler of which was old, and running the engine, as I did, for a long time at from 100 to 150 lbs. pressure, as indicated by the weights on the safety valve (which was one of the best construction and kept perfectly clear, so as to indicate the pressure upon it), I can, with truth, testify to the following:—The boiler was 22 feet long and 30 inches in diameter. When I commenced business I had it examined by a careful and competent boiler maker, whose report was, that with care it might last for years, so far as he could judge by entering it at the “man-hole” and sounding it. He said, however, that he could not judge of the strength at the “fire line,” except from its appearance, which was fair. At this line, you are aware, he could not judge by “sounding,” the bricks being in contact with the boiler. I drove the said engine some three years without any repairs to the boiler, and at the pressure above stated, when I sold out; and the boiler was taken out to be repaired by my advice. On taking it to the boiler maker the workmen were astonished at its having been strong enough to withstand the pressure, they being aware of the work done in the establishment, being able, as I witnessed myself, to strike a small hand-pick, weighing from 3 to 4 pounds, the point from 1-4 to 3-8 in diameter through the boiler, every blow along the fire line, and the bottom sheets which had been exposed to the fire.

The engineer and fireman first employed by me were content with keeping the water above the lower gauge cock, but certain that there was no necessity for so large a space as steam chamber; and finding that the lapse of but a few minutes after a trial of the gauge, showing water at that point, that nothing but steam issued, I gradually increased the amount of water in the boiler, noting the effect, and was agreeably surprised to find that keeping the boiler almost full of water had one good effect. We were not as liable to fall short of steam (the fire being the same) and by obliging the fireman to keep the water at the upper gauge, it increased his attention to it, inasmuch as a little too much would cause an overflowing of water into the steam cylinder, which gave him trouble.

I have frequently, since I was engaged in the business alluded to, reflected on the apparent danger we encountered, but have long since since come to the conclusion that we would probably have escaped injury for the reasons I will now attempt to describe, and would be much gratified if you would besides giving your own opinion on the subject, submit it to your readers. What I am anxious to have is the opinion of scientific as well as practical men.

It is simply this, that water, being almost incompressible, and steam compressible to an extent limited only as it would seem by the strength of the vessel containing it, that no safe guard is needed to do away with all danger arising from explosions further than fill your Boilers with water, constructing them, so far as the steam chamber or reservoir goes, somewhat in the form of locomotive boilers.

No one would contend that there is any necessity for keeping a supply of steam in your boilers, further than is wanted for a few revolutions of your engine, and the amount of heat being the same, as necessary to keep up the supply with the water at the fire line, will certainly give the requisite amount. In fact I found by experience that with the greater quantity of water, less attention was needed.

Compare for an instant, the number of locomotive engines in our country with those of all other kinds: I presume there are many more of the first. Compare the size of their boilers and the power they furnish: are not explosions very rare among them compared with all others? I think so, and believe it to arise from the fact that the engineers are obliged to be at their post and to keep their pump in motion a great part of the time, owing to the flues being near the top of the boiler, and the steam chamber being so small.

I have heard it asserted by scientific men, in whose judgement I feel great reliance, that in case of an explosion of a boiler, “nearly filled,” as I have described, that the effects would, in their opinion, be as disastrous as in the case where the water was kept as customary at the fire line; and in the hope that your insertion of this will draw out something valuable from yourselves or others, I submit it to you.

That ten or twenty cubic feet, packed with steam, could do the same damage or exert as much power as one hundred, I cannot believe yet. I saw a boiler some years since which had “burst” a few days previous: it had been nearly full of water, and further than a rent across a sheet exposed to the fire, through which the water escaped and put it out, no damage was done.

To conclude: if, as I firmly believe, all steam boilers could be constructed advantageously, as described, and a United States law was passed, that all steam engines of ten horse power and upwards, used on board steamboats or in manufactories, should have connected with them an apparatus which would ring a bell at stated intervals; say every 20 minutes, or a certain number of revolutions of the engine, on which signal some one having charge of the boilers would be required to try the gauge cocks, a heavy penalty being imposed on the captain or owners for every omission—putting on water if necessary, I firmly believe we could and would travel by steamboat in perfect security.Yours truly, Phila. [We will make some remarks on this most important subject next week. We would merely state here ( as this is a question of importance every moment), that there are truths in the above letter which cannot be set aside by any sophistry whatever.— undefined

In the last year 1495 new buildings have been erected, making an increase of upwards of 300 over the preceding year, and nearly double the number erected in 1838. Within the last fifteen years 20,000 structures have been built in this city. undefined In publishing the list of gold medals, granted by the American Institute, at the late Faire, we omitted to notice that one was granted to Mr. McCormick for his Patent Virginia Reaper. He would esteem it a favor if those Editors who omitted this notice would take the opportunity to insert it. undefined

In our correspondent's letter from Washington, last week where it refers to the articles deposited in the National Institute it mentions “and the other fruit,” it should read “and the osher fruit.”


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 to find and seize an article the possession of which constitutes an offence, or which has been obtained illegally, or which is reasonably suspected to have been used or intended to be used in the commission of an offence;

to find and help an unlawfully restrained or detained person;

to find a person required by a warrant to be arrested;

to find and seize an article according to a judgment or order of a court, in the event that it can no longer be found or seized otherwise.

No warrant of search shall be issued for finding and arresting a person, save where a warrant of arrest has also been issued against such person and the official who is to execute the warrant of search has both the warrant of search and the warrant of arrest.

Once an alleged offender or accused has been arrested successfully, the court may issue a warrant of detention against the alleged offender or accused at any stage of the inquiry, preliminary hearing, or trial.

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 pretty little tables under the lantern-lit trees, we shall visit the theatre, and decide to sup in the train, and so come at last to the station. There we shall find pleasant rooms with seats and books—luggage all neatly elsewhere—and doors that we shall imagine give upon a platform. Our cloaks and hats and such-like outdoor impedimenta will be taken in the hall and neatly labelled for London, we shall exchange our shoes for slippers there, and we shall sit down like men in a club. An officious little bell will presently call our attention to a label "London" on the doorway, and an excellent phonograph will enforce that notice with infinite civility. The doors will open, and we shall walk through into an equally comfortable gallery.

"Where is the train for London?" we shall ask a uniformed fellow Utopian.

"This is the train for London," he will say.

There will be a shutting of doors, and the botanist and I, trying not to feel too childish, will walk exploring through the capacious train.

The resemblance to a club will strike us both. "A good club," the botanist will correct me.

When one travels beyond a certain speed, there is nothing but fatigue in looking out of a window, and this corridor train, twice the width of its poor terrestrial brother, will have no need of that distraction. The simple device of abandoning any but a few windows, and those set high, gives the wall space of the long corridors to books; the middle part of the train is indeed a comfortable library with abundant arm-chairs and couches, each with its green-shaded light,


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Rh But an English writer differs from him; thus:—

"Every one must have observed what are usually called the "whiskers" on a Cat's upper lip. The use of these, in a state of nature, is very important. They are organs of touch; they are attached to a bed of close glands under the skin; and each of these long and stiff hairs is connected with the nerves of the lip. The slightest contact of these whiskers with any surrounding object is thus felt most distinctly by the animal, although the hairs are of themselves insensible. They stand out on each side in the lion, as well as in the common Cat; so that, from point to point, they are equal in width to the animal's body. If we imagine, therefore, a lion stealing through a covert of wood in an imperfect light, we shall at once see the use of these long hairs. They indicate to him, through the nicest feeling, any obstacle which may present itself to the passage of the body: they prevent the rustle of boughs and leaves, which would give warning to his prey if he were to attempt to pass through too dense a bush, and this, in conjunction with the soft cushions of his feet, and the fur upon which he treads (the retractable claws never coming in contact with the ground), enable him to move towards his victim with a stillness even

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72 greater than that of the snake, who creeps along the grass, and is not perceived till he is coiled round his prey."

Black Cats especially are said to be highly charged with electricity, which, when the animal is irritated, is easily visible in the dark. Here are directions I have for producing the effect:—Lay one hand upon the Cat's throat, and slightly press its shoulder bones. If the other hand be drawn gently along its back, electric shocks will be felt in the hand upon the Cat's throat. If the tips of the ears be touched after the back has been rubbed, shocks of electricity may also be felt, or they may be obtained from the foot. Lay the animal upon your knees, and apply the right hand to the back, the left fore paw resting on the palm of your left hand, apply the thumb to the upper side of the paw, so as to extend the claws, and by this means bring your fore finger in contact with one of the bones of the leg, where it joins the paw; when from the knob or end of this bone, the finger slightly pressing on it, you may feel distinctly successive shocks similar to those obtained from the ears. The Reverend Mr. Wood expresses an opinion, that on account of the superabundance of electricity which is developed in the Cat, the animal is found

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 During an inquiry, a public prosecutor or inquiry official has the power to move to the court for issuing a warrant of detention according to the stipulations of section 87.

During a preliminary examination or trial, the court may issue a warrant of detention proprio motu or upon a motion of the prosecutor.

A warrant of detention shall remain operative until revoked by the court by replacing it with a warrant of release or warrant of imprisonment.

A warrant of release of an alleged offender or accused detained by virtue of a court warrant shall be issued in the following events:

when the court orders his provisional release;

when a public prosecutor or inquiry official applies to the court for his release because his detention during the inquiry is found to be unnecessary;

when a public prosecutor submits a motion to the court, stating that the inquiry has ended with an order of non-prosecution of the alleged offender;

when a public prosecutor fails to charge the alleged offender within the time designated by the court;

when the court, having conducted a preliminary examination, finds that the case is ill-grounded and orders dismissal of the charge, save where the prosecutor submits a request and the court finds it appropriate to detain the accused in the course of an appeal or final appeal;

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 been general, and in Africa universal, and so remains to this day: In Europe it hath long since declined; its first declension there, is said to have been in Spain,


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 so early as the eighth century; and it is alleged to have been general about the middle of the fourteenth, and was near expiring in the sixteenth, when the discovery of the American continent, and the eastern and western coasts of Africa gave rise to the introduction of a new species of slavery. It took its origin from the Portuguese, who, in order to supply the Spaniards with persons able to sustain the fatigue of cultivating their new possessions in America, particularly the islands, opened a trade between Africa and America for the sale of Negroes, about the year 1508. The expedient of having slaves for


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 In Chapter CLXXX. the deceased says: “My offerings are in heaven in the Field of Rā, and my sepulchral meals are on earth in the Field of Ȧaru.”

It is unnecessary to multiply extracts from the religious texts of later dynasties, for, so far as the importance and necessity of providing the spirits of the dead with meat and drink are concerned, the same ideas recur, expressed in almost the same words, century after century, and dynasty after dynasty, until the worship of Osiris came to an end throughout the country of Egypt. It will be seen in another part of this book that the list of offerings which were made to Unȧs, a king of the Vth Dynasty, about 3300, is repeated without many variants in the tomb of Peṭā-Ȧmen-ȧpt, wdio flourished under the XXVIth Dynasty, some twenty-seven centuries later. Professor Maspero has shown that there are several mistakes in the texts in the Pyramid of Unȧs, due partly to the ignorance of the masons who cut the inscriptions on the walls, and partly to the fact that the scribes who wrote the drafts for them did not always understand the passages which they were transcribing. The variants in the text of Peṭā-Ȧmen-ȧpt may be the result of the difficulties experienced by the scribes of his time in understanding some portions of the text, but there is certainly no ground for thinking that they are due to any authoritative change in the readings of the Ritual of Funerary Offerings.

All the facts we now have tend to show that at some


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 when the prosecutor has withdrawn the charge or compounded a personal offence, or when the court, having conducted a trial, adjudges or orders that the charge be dismissed, save where the court finds it appropriate to detain the accused in the course of an appeal or final appeal;

when the court has sentenced the accused to another punishment than death, imprisonment, or confinement to a definite area, and such other punishment is a fine, and the accused has paid the fine or is provisionally released by the court for a fixed number of days in order to allow him to find money to pay the fine to the court.

When any case is pending appeal or final appeal, if the accused has been under custody or detention for a period equal to or over the term of imprisonment or alternative imprisonment according to the judgment, the court shall issue a warrant of release for him, save where it finds otherwise in the event that the appeal or final appeal submitted by the prosecutor is for increasing his punishment.

Subject to sections 73 and 185, paragraph 2, when any person is sentenced to imprisonment or death or has to suffer imprisonment alternative to a fine, the court shall issue a warrant of imprisonment against him.

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control purposes is one of the largest and best of its kind in the world. Virology research is excellent on the structure of viruses, the incidence of tick-borne viruses of Europe and Asia, the development of vaccines, and the production of interferon. The major center for virology work is the Institute of Virology in Bratislava, which is a WHO Regional Reference Laboratory for Arboviruses.

Investigations in radiobiology include a well planned and executed study of the comparative radiotoxic and cancerogenic effects of radioisotopes as related to isotope half-life. Fine research is underway on the metabolism of isotope labeled blood components, the distribution of radioisotopes, the effects of whole-body irradiation, the genetic code, and modeling of living processes. Interesting studies are underway on the use of enzymes in the treatment of radiation sickness to neutralize radiation doses and on the cardiovascular effects of radiation damage. The country is shorthanded in laboratory personnel, but many radiologists have received excellent training in both the United States and Western Europe. The important center for radiation work is the Institute of Biophysics and Nuclear Medicine, Charles University, Prague.

The high standard of research in biochemistry can be attributed in part to the fact that a large number of Czechoslovak biochemists have been trained in the United States. The scientists are bright and imaginative, but they are severely handicapped by shortages and inadequacy of equipment. Biochemists are contributing excellent studies on the fractionation of immunoglobulins, an understanding of the problems of transplantation immunology, the effect of physical factors on blood during extracorporeal circulation, and the physiological effects of electromagnetic irradiation. Important contributions are being made in the analysis of protein and polypeptide structures and the partial synthesis of enzymes. There are genetic studies of industrially useful organisms to isolate desirable antibiotic-producing strains and to develop a system to regulate production of nucleic acid and protein macromolecules. Extremely pure and highly active enzymes have been isolated.

Research in pharmacology is given high priority and is directed primarily to support of the drug industry. The Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology in Prague is pursing a program for the evaluation of pharmacological agents, a program which exploits the facilities of the Central Computer Center of the Institute of Applied Mathematics, Prague. Proposals have been made to WHO to formalize standardization of drug assessment procedures. The pharmaceutical industry has four specialized research units in addition to 13 production enterprises. A major center of investigations is the Research Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Prague. The nation is one of the world's largest developers of ergot alkaloids, and research on these agents is directed to their action on central regulation of physiological functions.

Research in the field of chemotherapy of cancer involves analysis of selected toxicity of agents in cancer cells. Chemical approaches to cancer control are very sophisticated. Czechoslovakia has done good work on antimetabolite development, and its competence in organic chemical synthesis of drugs is of the same caliber as that of the United States. Difficulties are encountered in obtaining reagents and chemicals. Other areas of attention are psychopharmacological agents, prophylaxis of upper respiratory infections, radiopaque agents and steroids.

Able and imaginative work is being contributed in physiology and neurophysiology. Research personnel are well trained, but laboratory equipment is difficult to obtain. The Department of Physiology has developed a technique for assessment of subjects suffering from a variety of neurological, physiological, and psychopathological disturbances. Collaborative studies with the United States in this area are being initiated. Some good equipment, imported from West Germany, is available for the study of pulmonary functions. Wide recognition has been given to Czechoslovak work on the physiology and pathology of the nervous, muscular, and reproductive systems and mechanisms of adaptation to stress. Exhaustive study has been made on the limits of human endurance when subjected to extreme physical and mental stress under laboratory and real conditions. Physiologists have done fundamental research on the effect of long-term hypoxia on the human heart.

Clinical research is of good quality. Research on medical electronic devices must depend on the use of imported materials. An important clinical study center is the Institute of Clinical Experimental Medicine in Prague which now incorporates the former institutes of experimental therapy, human nutrition, cardiovascular research, and experimental and clinical surgery. An advanced neurosurgical clinic, established at the Faculty Hospital in Hradec Kralove, is equipped with West German as well as native instrumentation. Czechoslovakia has made a major contribution to the development of a soft contact lens. Important studies are being made by the Institute of Human Nutrition on the nutritional value of local foods.

15

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 very early period in the history of Egypt the priests drew up a List of the offerings which it was thought right to offer to the dead, and that they composed a series of formulae which were to be repeated by the officiating priests when they presented the offerings to the dead. This List, with the formulae, was handed down from generation to generation, and was extant in the Roman Period.

In primitive times it is tolerably certain that when the living made offerings to the dead, their sole idea was to provide the spirits with nourishment sufficient to enable them to reach the place where the spirits dwelt in the Other World. As time went on, however, it was thought that the giving of food, and drink, and apparel to the dead, would benefit those who gave them when it was their turn to depart from this world, and proof of this is found in a text cut on the alabaster sarcophagus of Seti I., a king of the XIXth Dynasty. On this fine monument we have an illustrated copy of a “Guide” to the Other World, in which the state and condition of those who dwell there are. described. This “Guide” is divided into twelve sections, and the texts tell us what beings live in each, how they live, and how they employ their time. The general deduction to be made from them is that under the XIXth Dynasty the Egyptians believed that the bodies, souls, and spirits of the wicked were destroyed, that those of the good were rewarded with everlasting life and great felicity, and that the offerings made by men in this world went


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 before them and awaited them in that which was to come.

In the Second Division of the Other World (i.e., the Ṭuat) we find a class of beings called "Ḥeteptiu-ṭuau-Rā," and the accompanying description says:

“These are they who praised Rā whilst they were upon earth. They cast spells (or, used words of power) on [the fiend] Āpep. They presented their offerings, [and] they made offerings of incense to their gods after their offerings.” The text continues: “They have gained possession of their libations, they receive their meat offerings, and they eat their offerings in the Gate of him whose name is hidden.” And each night when Rā passed through that Division of the Other World he said to them, “Your offerings shall be yours, ye shall have possession of your libations, your souls shall never be hacked in pieces, and your food shall never fail, O ye who have praised [me] and vanquished Āpep for me.”

Now, in addition to helping the souls of the dead to reach their appointed place, offerings were made at the tombs at regular intervals with the express object of bringing the souls of the dead back to this earth to eat the offerings there with the living. The sweet smell of the incense burnt was thought to be grateful alike to the gods and to the souls who were with them, and freshly killed meat, newly baked cakes, fresh fruit, flowers and vegetables, and wine and beer were held to be irresistible attractions to the souls of the departed as they travelled


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 and soft carpets upon the soundproof floor. Further on will be a news-room, with a noiseless but busy tape at one corner, printing off messages from the wires by the wayside, and further still, rooms for gossip and smoking, a billiard-room, and the dining car. Behind we shall come to bedrooms, bathrooms, the hairdresser, and so forth.

"When shall we start?" I ask presently as we return, rather like bashful yokels, to the library, and the old gentleman reading the "Arabian Nights" in the arm-chair in the corner glances up at me with a sudden curiosity.

The botanist touches my arm and nods towards a pretty little lead-paned window, through which we see a village sleeping under cloudy moonlight go flashing by. Then a skylit lake, and then a string of swaying lights, gone with the leap of a camera shutter.

Two hundred miles an hour!

We resort to a dignified Chinese steward and secure our berths. It is perhaps terrestrial of us that we do not think of reading the Utopian literature that lines the middle part of the train. I find a bed of the simple Utopian pattern, and lie for a time thinking—quite tranquilly—of this marvellous adventure.

I wonder why it is that to lie securely in bed, with the light out, seems ever the same place, wherever in space one may chance to be? And asleep, there is no space for us at all. I become drowsy and incoherent and metaphysical

The faint and fluctuating drone of the wheels below the car, re-echoed by the flying track, is more


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 ; Tanjong Bunga:
 * Hokkien, Koè soaⁿ 過山 "Over the hill."

 * Tanjong Tokong:
 * Hokkien, Pún thaû kong sū 本頭公嶼 "God's islet."
 * Kheh, Hoi tsu tsz 海珠寺 "sea-pearl monastery."

 * Teluk Bahang:
 * Hokkien, Lân chio huiⁿ 蘭椒園 "Pepper plantation."

 * Teluk Kumbar:
 * Hokkien, Kong pá 公巴
 * Kheh, Kum pa.

 * Pulau Betong:
 * Hokkieu, Phû lô͘ bi̍t tōng 浮爐蜜洞

 * Pulau Jerijak:
 * Hokkien, Phû lô͘ jî jiak 浮爐兒惹
 * Cantonese, Muk kau shan 木冠山 "earthen-pot hill"=hill of the shape of an earthen pot.
 * Hokkien, Thái ko͘ sū 癩哥嶼 "Lepers' island," called after the Lepers' Hospital there.
 * Hokkien, Thái ko͘ sū 癩哥嶼 "Lepers' island," called after the Lepers' Hospital there.

 * Pulau Kra:
 * Hokkien, Sū á 嶼仔 "islet."

 * Pulau Rimau:
 * Hokkien, Aó͘ á sū 虎仔嶼 "tigers island."

 * Pulau Tikus:
 * Hokkien, Pe̍h sū 白嶼 "white island."
 * Hokkien, Phû lô͘ kiet chí 浮爐結只 Malay "Pulau Kechil"=small island.
 * Hokkien, Phû lô͘ kiet chí 浮爐結只 Malay "Pulau Kechil"=small island.

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 bōng is a corruption for Trubong, and lãi means inside.
 * Permatang Pasir:
 * Hokkien, Māng-gi kha 望吃腳 "Manggis (mangosteen) foot."
 * Kheh, Sa kong 山崗 "sand hill."

 * Pondok Upil:
 * Hokkien, Ô͘ piⁿ 湖邊
 * Kheh, O bi 湖邊

 * Pulau Betong:
 * Hokkien, Phû lô͘ bi̍t tōng 浮爐蜜洞
 * Kheh, Fu lo mit tong 浮爐蜜洞

 * Relau:
 * Hokkien, Ô͘ laĩ 湖內 "lake within' = inside the lake.
 * Kheh,
 * Fu lo wang 湖爐橫
 * Lau kong 舊 [sic]港 "Old stream."
 * Lau kong 舊 [sic]港 "Old stream."

 * Relau Hill:
 * Kheh, Nga kong chhai 瓦崗寨 "the hill fortress."

 * Sungei Ara:
 * Kheh, Sin kong 新港 "new stream."

 * Sungei Burong:
 * Kheh, Sung kiau vu yiung.

 * Sungei Kluang:
 * Hokkien, Băng kha lân 望腳蘭 = "Pengkalan" which means "landing place" in Malay.

 * Sungei Nibong:
 * Kheh, Sung kiau li bong.

 * Sungei Pening:
 * Kheh, Sung kiau pin long.

 * Sungei Pening:
 * Hokkien Chiàⁿ chúi káng 淡水港 "Fresh water river."

 * Sungei Rusa:
 * Kheh, Sung kiau liu sa.

 * Sungei Teeram:
 * Hokkien, Koè soaⁿ-á 過山仔 "Over the hill."

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 A Catalogue of the Ferns of Borneo and some of the adjacent Islands which have been recorded up to the present time.

The following list contains, I believe, all the Ferns that have been recorded from Borneo, the Sulu Archipelago, the Natunas, and a few small islands close to the Borneo Coast. It is probably very far from being a complete catalogue of all the members of this interesting family that exist in that region. The Ferns belonging to Borneo itself have been collected almost exclusively in the State of Sarawak, and the Territory of British North Borneo. These two countries together occupy about one third part only of the whole island, the remainder (with the exception of the small kingdom still held by the Sultan of Brunei) being in the possession of the Dutch Government. It is possible that in Dutch scientific publications a few species not mentioned here may have been recorded, but, if so, they have not come to my knowledge.

The large number of new species which have been found in recent years within a comparatively small area, chiefly by Signor Beccari, Mr. Burbidge, Mr. Charles Hose, Dr. G. D. Haviland and myself, leads to the belief that a rich harvest awaits the collector who shall hereafter visit the less known dis- tricts of Dutch Borneo. Of the 430 species and varieties con- tained in this list, 114 were first found in Borneo. Seven of these have since been met with elsewhere; but there remain 107 which have no other habitat at present known. Some of them are exceedingly rare, several having been only once found.

I have not in all cases mentioned the collector's name: but it is to be understood that when no name is given, that of

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 Mr. Charles Hose is to be supplied for the Ferns that come from the Baram district of Sarawak, including Mt. Mulo, Mt. Dulit, Mt. Lambir, Niah, &c., and my own in all other instances.

I have followed the arrangement in Hooker and Baker's Synopsis Filicum, 2nd Edition, 1874. The Roman numerals refer to the Genus, and the Arabic to the Species; and I have indicated the position of new Ferna, as Mr. Baker does, by giving them the number of the species nearest to them with the addition of an asterisk.

It is much to be desired that the surviving author of the Synopsis may find it possible to bring out a new edition, as it has been long out of print, and an enormous addition to the number of known Ferns has been made since ita publication. The Supplement, "Ferns discovered or described since 1874," and subsequent lists of new discoveries published by Mr. Baker only in part supply this want, as they are hardly more than lists: for descriptions an immense number of publications have to be consulted, and these are seldom accessible to persons who live in the regions where novelties are to be found.

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 * Gleichenia circinata, Sw. (Syn. Fil. ii. 3.)
 * Mt. Kinabalu, Mr. F. W. Burbidge, 5,000-6,000 ft. and Dr. G. D. Haviland, 10,500 ft.
 * Distribution: From Australia and New Zealand to Malacca and the Philippines.

 * var. borneensis, Baker in Jour. Bot. 1879, p. 37.
 * Mt. Kinabalu, Mr. F. W. Burbidge.

 * G. (Mertensia) longissima Bl. (Syn. Fil. ii. 7.) = G. glanca Hooker, the oldest name.
 * Mt. Dulit and Mt. Matang. Sarawak, not under 2,500 ft. though elsewhere in Malaya it is found at a much lower elevation.
 * Distribution: China, Japan, Malaya, West Indies.

 * variety arachnoides Mett. (Syn, Fil. l. c.) = G. bullata, Moore.
 * Mt. Kinabalu, 7000 ft. Sir Hugh Low.

 * G. (Mert.) sp.
 * Large, tripinnatifid, stem and rachises covered with broad acuminated brown scales having whitish cartilaginous edges, the crossing of which on the surface produces an appearance that may be called "cobwebby." Pinnae 18 in. long, 4-5 in. wide, oblong-lanceolate. Secondary pinnas 2-24 in. l. in, wide, cut down nearly to the rachis into oblong blunt segmeuts, with margins much recurved. Sori covered by the large spreading scales.
 * A single specimen in the Sarawak Museum contributed by Dr. G. D. Haviland from Mt. Kinabalu, 8,000 ft. His number 1950. If this is the G. arachnoides Hk. from this

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 locality, marked var. B of G. longissima Bl. in. Syn. Fil., it deserved a fuller description than the brief one "broad cobwebby." I think it is a distinct species.
 * G. (Mert.) flagellaris, Spr. (Syn. Fil. ii. 19).
 * Common in the low country and up to 2,000 ft.
 * Distribution: Madagascar: Bourbon: throughout Malaya: Fiji.

 * G. (Mert.) vestita Bl. (Syn. Fil. ii. 21.)
 * Mt Dulit, Mt. Matang and Mt. Santubong, Sarawak, 2,500 ft. "Seems conspecific with G. hirta Bl." Baker Jour. Linu Soc., Vol. xxii. p. 222. Distribution: Malay Islands.

 * var. paleacea, Baker in Jour. Bot. 1879. p. 38.
 * N. Borneo by Mr. F. C. Burbidge. Habitat not specified particularly.

 * G. (Mertensia) dichotoma Willd. (Syn. Fil. ii. 23).
 * Very common everywhere. G. linearis, Clarke, is said to be the oldest name.
 * Distribution: Tropical and subtropical regions of the old and new world and as far north as Japan.

 * var, major, Moore. Ind. Fil. 376.
 * Sr. Beccari (vide his Borneo Ferns by Cesati), at Marup on the Batang Lupar River, Sarawak.

 * var. divaricata Moore = pteridifolia Prest. Beccari, Malesia vol. iii. p. 17.
 * Same habitat as the preceding variety.

 * C. Brunonis, Wall. (Syn. Fil. iv. 2.)
 * Common in Sarawak at a slight elevation. Caudex a foot or more in height.
 * Distribution: Throughout Malaya.

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 ; C. Havilandi, Baker in Trans. Linn Soc. iv. p. 249. (37*).
 * Mt. Kinabalu 10,500 ft. Dr. G. D. Haviland.

 * C. suluensis, Baker in Jour. Bot. 1879 p. 5. (38*).
 * Sulu Archipelago, Mr. F. C. Burbidge.

 * C. dulitensis, Baker in Kew Bulletin, No. 110, Feb., 1896, p. 40. (38*).
 * Mt. Dulit Sarawak 4,000 ft.

 * C. polypoda, Baker in Trans Linn. Soc. iv. p. 250. (38*).
 * Mt. Kinabalu 7,000 ft. Dr. G. D. Haviland.

 * C. sarawakensis. Hook (Syn, Fil, iv, 39) = C. Lobbiana Hook. (Syn Fil. iv. 41) = Alsophila alternans Hook. (Syn. Fil. vi. 48).
 * See Baker's Ferns discovered or described since 1874. Mt. Matang near the foot.
 * Distribution: Malay Peninsula and Islands.

 * C. assimilis, Hooker. (Syn. Fil. iv. 40).
 * Mt. Matang 2,000 ft. and Mt. Dulit, Sarawak.
 * Distribution: Celebes.

 * C. beccariana, Cesati, in Fil. Becc. Born. p. 3.
 * found by Beccari in Sarawak. Baker says "belongs to C. assimilis," Ferns discovered or described since 1874.

 * A. comosa, Hk. (Syn. Fil. vi. 50).
 * The Baram district, and Santubong, Sarawak.
 * Distribution: Malayan Peninsula and Islands.

 * A. contaminans Wall. (Syn. Fil. vi. 51).
 * Mt. Matang and elsewhere; common. The tallest and most graceful of the Malayan Tree Ferns.
 * Distribution: Malayan Peninsula and Islanda.

 * A. ramispina, Hooker. (Syn. Fil. vi. 55.)
 * Caudex to 8 ft. Mt. Matang 3,000 ft. and Mt. Dulit in the Baram Residency, Sarawak.

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 perceptible now, but it is not unpleasantly loud, merely a faint tinting of the quiet

No sea crossing breaks our journey; there is nothing to prevent a Channel tunnel in that other planet; and I wake in London.

The train has been in London some time when I awake, for these marvellous Utopians have discovered that it is not necessary to bundle out passengers from a train in the small hours, simply because they have arrived. A Utopian train is just a peculiar kind of hotel corridor that flies about the earth while one sleeps.

§ 7

How will a great city of Utopia strike us?

To answer that question well one must needs be artist and engineer, and I am neither. Moreover, one must employ words and phrases that do not exist, for this world still does not dream of the things that may be done with thought and steel, when the engineer is sufficiently educated to be an artist, and the artistic intelligence has been quickened to the accomplishment of an engineer. How can one write of these things for a generation which rather admires that inconvenient and gawky muddle of ironwork and Flemish architecture, the London Tower Bridge? When before this, temerarious anticipators have written of the mighty buildings that might someday be, the illustrator has blended with the poor ineffectual splutter of the author's words, his powerful suggestion that it amounted simply to something bulbous, florid and fluent in the vein of the onion and


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