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selection of "Thoughts from Maeterlinck" is a very creditable and also a very useful compilation. Many modern critics object to the hacking and hewing of a consistent writer which is necessary for this kind of work, but upon more serious consideration, the view is not altogether adequate. Maeterlinck is a very great man; and in the long run this process of mutilation has happened to all great men. It was the mark of a great patriot to be drawn and quartered and his head set on one spike in one city and his left leg on another spike in another city. It was the mark of a saint that even these fragments began to work miracles. So it has been with all the very great men of the world. However careless, however botchy, may be the version of Maeterlinck or of anyone else given

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166 safe and fearless. Then they heard of Krishna (the princess of Panchala) having become disposed to elect a husband from among the assembled princes. And hearing they went to Panchala and going there they obtained the maiden. And having obtained Draupadi (for their common wife) they then dwelt there fora year. And after they were known, those persecutors of all enemies went back to Hastinapura. And they were then told by king Dhrita-rashtra and the son of Shantanu (Visma) as follows:—'In order that, O dear ones, dissensions may not take place between ye and your cousins, we have settled that Khandava-prastha should be your abode. Therefore, go ye, casting all jealousy away, to Khandava-prastha containing many towns and divided by many broad roads for dwelling there!' And according to these words, the Pandavas went, with all their friends and followers, to KhandavaprasthaKhandava-prastha [sic], taking with them many jewels and precious stones. And the sons of Pritha dwelt there for many years. And they brought, by force of arms, many princes under their subjection. And thus, setting their hearts on virtue and firmly adhering to truth, unexcited by affluence, calm in deportment, and putting down numerous evils, the Pandavas gradually rose in power. And Bhima of great reputation subjugated the East; the heroic Arjuna, the North; Nakula, the West; and Sahadeva—the slayer of all hostile heroes, the South. And having done this, their dominion was spread over the whole world. And owing to the five Pandavas, each like unto the Sun, with the Sun himself in his splendour, the Earth looked as if she had six Suns.

"Then for some reason, Yudhish-thira the just, gifted with great energy and prowess, sent his brother Arjuna (the right and left handed one) dearer unto him than life itself, into the woods. And Arjuna, that tiger among men, of firm soul, and gifted with all virtues, lived in the woods for eleven years and ten months. And during this period, on a certain occasion, Arjuna went to Krishna in Dwaravati. And Vivatsu (Arjuna) there obtained for wife the lotus-eyed younger sister of Vasudeva, of name Suvadra, of sweet speech. And she became united, in gladness, with Arjuna the son of Pandu,

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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 By failing to do its duty in November, our party of could not long prevent armed conflict. The democratic administration of the State, the eight-hour day, and other Parliamentary reforms which seemed so near, we could not secure by Parliamentary tactics. On the contrary, all these democratic prizes were, week by week, more evidently endangered because the capitalists were preparing to frustrate our efforts to obtain reform by forming armed organisations for civil war. Under this menace our Party also began to prepare the workers for self-defence. But this work was not done with the great energy and enthusiasm we could have shown had we been mustering for a campaign that our hearts desired instead of for one we wished to avoid.

At the end of January, 1918, Finnish capitalism set its troops to attack the workers.

Our Social Democratic Party replied with revolution; but the situation, both in home and foreign possibilities, was now less favourable to the workers than in November. On the eve of the revolution it was difficult to foresee this clearly; nevertheless we ought to have known that the time was coming. in which the workers and their Party would have no other choice. In any case a proportion of the workers would certainly have taken up arms to protect their rights; thousands of them must in any case have been butchered. It is questionable whether our organisations would have been spared, even had our Party withdrawn from the struggle, and certainly had it done so it would have split the workers' front and so helped the bloody dictatorship of the bourgeois. We could not thus degrade our Party. In every district where it was possible, the whole Labour movement, political and trade unionist, rose as one man to campaign under our leadership.

But still we had no clear understanding of the nature and mission, even of this our proletarian revolution. The armed conflict was only, in our view, a necessary evil, and we who were in charge of the revolutionary movement gave less attention to the organisation of the campaign than to law making and the re-arrangement of administration. When the fierce revolution was already raging and within a few. weeks we got into fighting order a Red Army of 80.000 men. That this was possible in a dominion which had but half its population of three million still left to it, and where for the last fifteen years there had been no native military, so that the workers had no source from which to draw trained officers and war technicians, must be attributed rather to the general organising capacity of the workers than to the military talents of the revolutionary administration.

In its political aims our revolutionary adminis-


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 Professor Max Muller writes to me, "I shall gladly do what I can, but remember that I am growing old, and cannot work as hard as in former days." My English translation, I need hardly say, would never have been undertaken, but for the kind encouragement of the learned Professor. I can give the assurance, of course, that the work shall never be suspended. All I am desirous of is to speed it through the press. If my countrymen manifest any indifference to avail of the present opportunity and the present arrangements I have been able to make, better or, perhaps, even equal ones, will not likely present themselves for sometime to. come. It is my earnest prayer that my countrymen will lay these few remarks to heart.

I am deeply thankful to the Indian press for its kind and encouraging remarks upon my work. I am thankful also to all those gentlemen who have written to me kindly and encouragingly on receipt of the 1st part of the translation.

His Highness the Maharajah of Travancore has been pleased to contribute s. 500 in aid of the English Translation of the Mahabharata.

A list of the publications of the Datavya Bharat Karyalaya in course of distribution:—


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768 made much more valuable and pleasing, had the subject been treated at greater length, with more insight into the reasons which led to the establishment of an American verbal mint, and with a more complete list of the felicities of its coinage. The articles which refer to bodily health, such as those on Appetite, Age, Aliment, Total Abstinence, contain important facts and admirable suggestions in condensed statements. Agriculture, Agricultural Schools, and Agricultural Chemistry are evidently the work of writers who appreciate the practical wants of the farmer, as well as understand the aids which science can furnish him. Two divisions of the globe, Africa and America, come within the scope of the present volume, and, though the special reader will notice in the articles devoted to them some omissions, and some statements which may require modification, they bear the general marks of industry, vigilance, and research. The paper on Anæsthetics is evidently by a writer who meant to be impartial, but still injustice is done to the claims of Dr. Jackson, and we trust that in the next edition some of the statements will be corrected, even if the whole question of the discovery is not more thoroughly argued. It seems curious that a discovery which destroys pain should be a constant cause of pain to every person in any way connected with it. It may not be within the province of a Cyclopædia to undertake the decision of a question still so vehemently controverted; but we think it might be so stated as to include all the facts, harmonize portions at least of the conflicting evidence, and put some people "out of pain." We must attribute it to a careless reading of the proof-sheets that the editors have allowed the concluding paragraph in the article "Adams" to intrude village gossip into a work which should be an example to American scholarship, and not a receptacle of newspaper scandal.

In conclusion, we think that the impression which an examination of the present volume, considered as a whole, leaves on the mind is, that the editors have generally succeeded in making it both comprehensive and compact,—comprehensive without being superficial, and compact without being dry and dull. As a book for the desultory reader, it will be found full of interest and attractiveness, while it is abundantly capable of bearing severer tests than any to which the desultory reader will be likely to subject it. Minor faults can easily be detected, but we think its great merits are much more obvious than its little defects. The probability is, that, when completed, it will be found to contain articles by almost every person of literary and scientific note in the United States; for the wide and friendly relations which the editors hold with American authors and savans, of all sects, parties, and sections, will enable them to obtain valuable contributions, even if the general interest in the success of an American Cyclopædia were not sufficient of itself to draw the intellect of the country to its pages. As a work which promises to be so honorable to the literature of the country, we trust that it will meet with a public patronage commensurate with its deserts.


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 tration long tried, rather to restrain. than to encourage the revolutionary tendency of the towards Socialism and the dictatorship of the proletariat. The goal of the revolution seemed to us to be, not the Socialism, but social reforms, not the annihilation of the bourgeois State and the creation of a workers' dictatorship, but reformation by the idle way of general democracy, not the establishment of "revolution as a lasting state," to which Marx pointed, but the getting rid of revolution as soon as possible, as though it were some horrid nightmare.

This was the logical outcome of our conceited Social Democratic teaching and of the long tramping by the ways of Parliamentarianism and trade unionism, which has paralysed the revolutionary. Socialist impulse of our workers. When we had actually to face the effective historical process; the proletarian, revolution, which, even in our Social Democratic programme was ever the most shining ornament, and the preparation for which should have been the highest object of the earlier Labour movement, and from which, at last, the Labour movement should hurry to gather the long awaited fruits—then it became apparent that Social Democracv's vaunted "high stage of development" was half-blind, half-lame. To revolutionary workers it was rather an obstacle than a banner of victory. The Social Democratic Party had not made use of the blossoming time of democracy within the capitalist State to prepare for that which is the highest stage of the class struggle, the armed revolution, at the outbreak of which sees having finished its task, is, doomed to perish.

When our workers' democracy tardily and unwillingly came, at last, to revolution, the inner logic of the struggle led us on to the workers' dictatorship and the socialisation of industry. When we stepped in the revolutionary path, in reality to avoid revolution; our mental conflict and unreadiness lent a mischievous uncertainty to our movements from which crew up a general discontent with the leaders of the revolutionary army. It is tragic that, perhaps, these mistakes of ours were responsible for the defeat of the workers' cause when the scales of victory or defeat were hanging in the balance. But if the working class had been victorious in the conflict we might have sailed on on the waves of uncertainty, face to face with the greatest tragedy possible to the Labour movement; the tragedy in which the Russian Mensheviki have been engulfed, that of struggling, weapon in hand, against the workers' revolution. The disastrous defeat of our Finish workers' revolution was not the outcome of the leaders' mistakes.

The revolution was crushed by the beast of


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 in such a selection as this, it is assuredly far less careless and far less botchy than the version, the parody, the wild misrepresentation of Maeterlinck which future ages will hear and distant critics be called upon to consider.

No one can feel any reasonable doubt that we have heard about Christ and Socrates and Buddha and St. Francis a mere chaos of excerpts, a mere book of quotations. But from those fragmentary epigrams we can deduce greatness as clearly as we can deduce Venus from the torso of Venus or Hercules ex pede Herculem. If we knew nothing else about the Founder of Christianity, for example, beyond the fact that a religious teacher lived in a remote country, and in the course of his peregrinations and proclamations consistently called Himself "the Son of Man," we should know by that alone that he was a man of almost immeasurable greatness. If future ages happened to record nothing else about Socrates except that he owned his title to be the wisest of men because he knew that he knew nothing, they would be able to deduce

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 from that the height and energy of his civilisation, the glory that was Greece. The credit of such random compilations as that which "E. S. S." and Mr. George Allen have just effected is quite secure. It is the pure, pedantic, literal editions, the complete works of this author or that author which are forgotten. It is such books as this that have revolutionised the destiny of the world. Great things like Christianity or Platonism have never been founded upon consistent editions; all of them have been founded upon scrap-books.

The position of Maeterlinck in modern life is a thing too obvious to be easily determined in words. It is, perhaps, best expressed by saying that it is the great glorification of the inside of things at the expense of the outside. There is one great evil in modern life for which nobody has found even approximately a tolerable description: I can only invent a word and call it "remotism." It is the tendency to think first of things which, as a matter of fact, lie far away from the actual centre of human experience.

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 Thus people say, "All our knowledge of life begins with the amœba." It is false; our knowledge of life begins with ourselves. Thus they say that the British Empire is glorious; and at the very word Empire they think at once of Australia and New Zealand, and Canada, and Polar bears, and parrots and kangaroos, and it never occurs to anyone of them to think of the Surrey Hills. The one real struggle in modern life is the struggle between the man like Maeterlinck, who sees the inside as the truth, and the man like Zola, who sees the outside as the truth. A hundred cases might be given. We may take, for the sake of argument, the case of what is called falling in love. The sincere realist, the man who believes in a certain finality in physical science, says, "You may, if you like, describe this thing as a divine and sacred and incredible vision; that is your sentimental theory about it. But what it is, is an animal and sexual instinct designed for certain natural purposes." The man on the other side, the idealist, replies, with quite equal confidence, that this is the very reverse of the truth. I put it

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RV 244


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 as it has always struck me; he replies, "Not at all. You may, if you like, describe this thing as an animal and sexual instinct, designed for certain natural purposes; that is your philosophical or zoölogical theory about it. What it is, beyond all doubt of any kind, is a divine and sacred and incredible vision." The fact that it is an animal necessity only comes to the naturalistic philosopher after looking abroad, studying its origins and results, constructing an explanation of its existence, more or less natural and conclusive. The fact that it is a spiritual triumph comes to the first errand boy who happens to feel it. If a lad of seventeen falls in love and is struck dead by a hansom cab an hour afterwards, he has known the thing as it is, a spiritual ecstasy; he has never come to trouble about the thing as it may be, a physical destiny. If anyone says that falling in love is an animal thing, the answer is very simple. The only way of testing the matter is to ask those who are experiencing it, and none of those would admit for a moment that it was an animal thing.

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RV 245 (Rh)


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 Maeterlinck's appearance in Europe means primarily this subjective intensity; by this the materialism is not overthrown: materialism is undermined. He brings, not something which is more poetic than realism, not something which is more spiritual than realism, not something which is more right than realism, but something which is more real than realism. He discovers the one indestructible thing. This material world on which such vast systems have been superimposed—this may mean anything. It may be a dream, it may be a joke, it may be a trap or temptation, it may be a charade, it may be the beatific vision: the only thing of which we are certain is this human soul. This human soul finds itself alone in a terrible world, afraid of the grass. It has brought forth poetry and religion in order to explain matters; it will bring them forth again. It matters not one atom how often the lulls of materialism and scepticism occur; they are always broken by the reappearance of a fanatic. They have come in our time: they have been broken by Maeterlinck.

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 may call the parent individuals A and a, and the resulting zygote Aa. What will the structure of Aa be in regard to the character we are considering?

Up to Mendel no one proposed to answer this question in any other way than by reference to the intensity of the character in the progenitors, and primarily in the parents, A and a, in whose bodies the gametes had been developed. It was well known that such a reference gave a very poor indication of what Aa would be. Both A and a may come from a population consisting of individuals manifesting the same character in various intensities. In the pedigree of either A or a these various intensities may have occurred few or many times. Common experience leads us to expect the probability in regard to Aa to be influenced by this history. The next step is that which Galton took. He extended the reference beyond the immediate parents of Aa, to its grandparents, great-grandparents, and so on, and in the cases he studied he found that from a knowledge of the intensity in which the given character was manifested in each progenitor, even for some few generations back, a fairly accurate prediction could be made, not as to the character of any individual Aa, but as to the average character of Aa's of similar parentage, in general.

But suppose that instead of individuals presenting one character in differing intensities, two individuals breed together distinguished by characters which we know to be mutually exclusive, such as A and B. Here again we may speak of the individuals producing the gametes as A and B, and the resulting zygote as AB. What will AB be like? The population here again may consist of many like A and like B. These two forms may have been breeding together indiscriminately, and there may have been many or few of either type in the pedigree of either A or B.


text: Varied Types/Chapter 15

title: Varied Types/Chapter 15


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 hither, for it seemed a very secure place; but so did the noble gentleman of Mantua who had enough craft to see rather than to be seen, and marked the trick of the bough to a nicety, while the lovers thought there was not a soul within the whole labyrinth. But in the cool of a memorable day this gentleman contrived so that Duke Guido should walk with him in the garden, and as they paced up and down he showed his master what kind of a wife Constance was, speaking softly with picked words, and using no sort of violence or indignation. At first the duke would believe none of it and began to frown in a fashion that made the courtier grow sick and pass his hand to the back of his neck, for he seemed to feel the rope squeezing and the first prick of the axe at the same time. But nevertheless he gave the duke such proofs and insisted so on what he had said that my lord began to grow uneasy in his turn, and at last said "Are you able to show me them together in such wise that I cannot fail to be convinced?" And the gentleman answered "Come with me." So he took this poor husband toward the Siege of Troy and led him in, and then along the wandering endless passages, between the high green hedges, now to the right and now to the left, and stopped at last before a smooth wall of box and pointed with his finger as if to say the lovers were within it. But the duke himself knew not of this cranny, and would have spoken, but the gentleman held up his hand again and drew his sword. Then he slowly and warily put down his hand among the leaves and

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User talk:Upushqanpi

Upush kanpi means index
description this A part of a copy of Batchelore's dictionary I can not find the rest Another person 鳩摩羅童子（くまらどうじ Kumara dooji not a usual Japanese name has copied a html and it is copy free http://www5d.biglobe.ne.jp/~the_imai/etymology/BAT_AJE.html but contains Moji bake gobllbldygook code letters there is better English Ainu also Kumara criticizes Batchelor calls him will not repeat the words Batchelore at least tried before it was unused I copied it to text edit and it is a mess I have to delete the code and hiragana the person who did A will you continue to the end ? Upushqanpi (talk) 04:35, 14 October 2023 (UTC)

title: User talk:Upushqanpi


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not think anyone could find any fault with the way in which Mr. Collingwood has discharged his task, except, of course, Mr. Ruskin himself, who would certainly have scored through all the eulogies in passionate red ink and declared that his dear friend had selected for admiration the very parts of his work which were vile, brainless, and revolting. That, however, was merely Ruskin's humour, and one of the deepest disappointments with Mr. Collingwood is that he, like everyone else, fails to appreciate Ruskin as a humourist. Yet he was a great humourist: half the explosions which are solemnly scolded as "one-sided" were simply meant to be one-sided, were mere laughing experiments in language. Like a woman, he saw the humour of his

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Rh little carriage and pair ready, so that the pigs need not go to the wedding on foot."

When the carriage was ready, they dressed the pig up in the lady's fur coat, and placed it in the carriage with the young ones, and gave the reins to the peasant, who at once rode away homewards.

Now the master of the house, who was away shooting at the time, returned home a few minutes after the peasant had left. His wife ran out to meet him, laughing.

"I am so glad you have returned, my dear!" she said; "as I am longing to have some one to laugh with. Such a funny thing happened while you were away. A peasant came here and began kneeling and bowing before our pigs. He declared that one of them was his wife's sister, and he was asking her and the little ones to come to his son's wedding!"

"Yes," the husband replied; "and did you let her go?"

"Of course I did. I even had the pig dressed in my best shuba and had her put in my own little carriage and pair, and let the peasant drive it himself I think it was nothing but right for me to do so, the peasant was so very polite to the pigs. What do you think, my dear?"

"What do I think? Well this—that the peasant was an ass, and you were another!"

And the good man—like the rest of his sex—thought it was a splendid opportunity for flying into a rage. He told his wife that she had been cheated, and then rushing out of the house, he flung himself upon his horse and galloped off after the peasant, who


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260 when he heard that he was being pursued, conveyed the carriage and pair into a dark forest hard by, and then going back, took off his cap, seated himself near the entrance of the forest, put the cap beside him on the ground, and waited until the horseman came up to him.

"Hark you, little father!" cried the barin, "have you seen a peasant drive this way with a carriage and pair and a number of pigs in it?"

"See him? I should rather think I did! He rode past a long time ago."

"In which direction did he drive? How had I better go? Do you think I am likely to overtake him?"

"Yes, you could overtake him, I daresay; but the way he went by has many a turning, and you are sure to lose yourself. Is the road quite unknown to you?"

"Yes, little brother. I think, if you don't mind, it would be better for you to go in search of him and bring him back to me, for you seem to know the way so well!"

"No, brother, I could not possibly; for I have a falcon under my cap here and must watch it."

"I can do that for you."

"No, you are sure to let him out, and the bird is very valuable. Besides, if I lost it my master would never forgive me."

"But how much is it worth?"

"Three hundred roubles, I should think."

"Very well then, if I lose the bird I will pay the money."

"No, brother, if you really want me to go after the peasant, you had better give me the money now, for


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Rh heaven knows what might happen afterwards; you might lose the bird, and then take your departure too, and I should never see either the falcon or the money!"

"Oh, you incredulous man! Here take the three hundred roubles anyhow!"

The peasant took the money, and at the barin's wish mounted his horse and rode off into the forest, leaving the barin to watch over the empty cap.

He waited and waited; but the peasant did not return, which he thought looked rather queer.

The sun began to set, still no peasant.

"Stop!" thought the barin, "let me look and see whether there really is a falcon under that cap. If there is, then the peasant may possibly return; if not—well, then it is of no use waiting here and wasting my time."

He peeped under the cap, but no falcon was to be seen.

"Ah, the wretch!" he laughed; "I do believe that he was the very same man who cheated my wife out of her carriage and pair, her shuba, and the pigs."

He spat on the ground three times with vexation, and returned home to his wife penitent.

Meanwhile our friend the peasant had long since got safely back to his mother with all his treasures.

"Well, mother mine!" he cried, "this world of ours can certainly boast of some very good natured fools. Just look, without any reason whatever, they gave me three horses, a carriage, three hundred roubles, and a pig with her little ones. Now we can live happily for some time at least, thanks to the stupidity of these people. It really is wonderful!"


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262

many years ago there came to the hut of an old peasant a soldier, who asked for a night's lodging.

"Come in, soldier, and welcome! Only you must tell me some stories all through the night, for you have been all over the world, I suppose, and have seen a great number of things and know so much."

"What am I to tell you, fiction or fact?"

"Something that has happened to yourself."

So the soldier began telling the peasant where he had been, how he had lived, and what he had seen and, after talking away for a long time he came to a stop, saying that he had nothing more of interest to tell. But the peasant was not satisfied, and declared that he would not sleep unless the soldier told him more tales.

The soldier thought and thought, and then it suddenly struck him that it would be rather fun to try and deceive the peasant somehow or another as he was rather good at that.

"Master, master!" he cried, "do you know what it is that is lying in the loft by your side?"

"Why, a soldier to be sure. What else?"

"No, you have not guessed right; feel with your hand!


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Rh The peasant did so, and it felt as if a wolf were lying by his side. He was greatly alarmed.

"Don't be afraid of me," said the soldier; "feel yourself, and you will find that you are very much the same sort of animal!"

The peasant obeyed, and felt the thick fur of a bear all round him.

"Now listen, master," said the soldier; "we have no business to lie in the loft now; besides, when the people see us they will take us for real animals, and that would never do, we should be in great danger and that is just what we must avoid. Let us be off now so that no one may see us."

So they got up and ran out of the hut into the fields and far away. Suddenly they came across an old horse which belonged to the peasant.

"Come, let us eat up that horse, for I am hungry!" said the wolf.

"No, please don't, it is my horse!"

"Well, and what of that? Better let us eat it than starve."

So they ate it and ran on farther. It was quite daylight when they came into another field, where they saw an old woman, the peasant's wife, coming along.

"Come, my friend!" said the wolf, "let us eat up this old woman!"

"But she is my wife!" replied the bear.

"Your wife, indeed! What next?"

And they finished off the old woman also.

In this way the wolf and bear passed the whole summer, eating people or animals, whichever came


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264 first. When the winter arrived, the wolf said to his companion,—

"Come, let us find a bear's den in the forest yonder; you can get into it first and hide, while I keep watch at the opening, so that should any hunters happen to see us, they would shoot me first. But mind, as soon as you see that they have killed me and begin stripping off my skin, you must at once run out of the den and jump over my skin. The moment you do that you will be changed into yourself—a man—again."

They found a very suitable den in the forest, into which the bear went, while the wolf lay at the mouth.

They lay there for some time without anything happening to them. At last some hunters came riding along. When they saw the wolf they at once shot him, and then commenced tearing off his skin. At that moment the bear rushed out of his den, and with one leap tumbled right over the wolf's skin and ran off as hard as ever he could, anddown came the peasant, head-over-heels, from his loft in his own hut.

"Oh dear! oh dear!" he cried; "I have broken my back!"

"What is the matter with you, old man?" asked his wife from the top of the stove. "What made you fall off the loft just as if you had been drinking?"

"Oh, you don't understand anything!" began the peasant. "You see the soldier and I changed into wild beasts; he into a wolf, I into a bear, and so we ran about all through the summer and winter. We


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Rh ate up our old horse, and we even ate you up also, old woman."

The woman was greatly astonished, and thought her husband was going mad, while the soldier burst out into a hearty laugh.

"What!" cried the peasant, stupefied with amazement; "what, soldier! do you mean to say that you are lying in the loft?"

"Of course, where else should I be? Do you really suppose that the hunters killed me? Oh, what a joke! Why, you old donkey, it was nothing but a hoax; I wanted to have a little fun out of you. While you were half-asleep I told the story, and you actually thought that it really was taking place. I have often done this sort of thing and am always greatly amused at the result."


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266

a certain kingdom there lived a sailor, who had served his master, the king, well and faithfully. He was a steady-going, clean fellow, and a great favourite with the captain and all his superiors.

One day he asked leave to go on shore and enjoy himself about town. He let himself down from the ship—which lay at anchor—into a little boat; he rowed to shore. After walking about for some time, he entered a traktir or public-house, and, seating himself at a small table, ordered wine and eatables to be brought him; for he intended to enjoy himself thoroughly. He ate and drank, and refreshed himself, spending about ten roubles, and yet he was not satisfied, but kept on ordering more things.

"Look here, sailor!" said the waiter at last; "you are consuming a great deal, but have you the money to pay for everything?"

"Don't be so very suspicious, my brother!" replied the sailor, taking out a gold piece from his pocket, much to the waiter's amazement, as gold was a very rare thing to see. He threw it on the table, saying,—

"There, take the money, and be happy!"

The waiter took the gold, made up the account, and brought back the change.


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 DAEDALUS

figures, and soon there are fewer. It is hard to believe that these are the protagonists in the battle. One would rather choose those huge substantive oily black masses which are so much more conspicuous, and suppose that the men are in reality their servants, and playing an inglorious, subordinate, and fatal part in the combat. It is possible, after all, that this view is - correct.

Had I been privileged to watch a battle three years later, the general aspect would have been very similar, but there would have been fewer men and more shell-bursts. There would probably, however, have been one very significant addition. The men would have been running, with mad terror in their eyes, from gigantic steel slugs,

[2]


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 SCIENCE AND THE FUTURE

which were deliberately, relentlessly, and successfully pursuing them.

The other picture is of three Euro- peans in India looking at a great new star in the milky way. These were apparently all of the guests at a large dance who were interested in such matters. Amongst those who were at all competent to form views as to the origin of this cosmoclastic explosion, the most popular theory attributed it to a collision between two stars, or a star and a nebula. There seem, how- ever, to be at least two possible alter- natives to this hypothesis. Perhaps it was the last judgment of some inhabited world, perhaps a too successful experi- ment in induced radio-activity on the part of some of the dwellers there. And perhaps also these two hypotheses are

[3]


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 DAEDALUS

identical, and what we were watching that evening was the detonation of a world on which too many men came out to look at the stars when they should have been dancing.

These two scenes suggest, very briefly, a part of the case against science. Has mankind released from the womb of matter a Demogorgon which is already beginning to turn against him, and may at any moment hurl him into the bottomless void? Or is Samuel Butler’s even more horrible vision correct, in which man becomes a mere parasite of machinery, an appendage to the repro- ductive system of huge and complicated engines which will successively usurp his activities, and end by ousting him from the mastery of this planet? Is the machine-minder engaged on

[4]


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 SCIENCE AND THE FUTURE

repetition-work the goal and ideal to which humanity is tending? Perhaps a survey of the present trend of science may throw some light on these questions.

But first we may consider for a moment, the question of whether there is any hope of stopping the progress of scientific research. It is after all a very recent form of human activity, and a sufficiently universal protest of mankind would be able to arrest it even now. In the middle ages public opinion made it so dangerous as to be practically impossible, and I am in- clined to suspect that Mr. Chesterton, for example, would not be averse to a repetition of this state of things. The late M. Joseph Reinach, an able and not wholy illiberal thinker, publicly advocated it.

[5]


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 DAEDALUS

I think, however, that so long as our present economic and national systems continue, scientific research has little to fear. Capitalism, though it may not aiways give the scientific worker a living wage, will always pro- tect him, as being one of the geese which produce golden eggs for its table. And competitive nationalism, even if war is wholly or largely pre- vented, will hardly forego the national advantages accruing from scientific — research.

If we look at the other most probable alternative the prospect is little more hopeful. In this country the labour party alone among political organiza- _ tions includes the fostering of research in its official programme. Indeed as far as biological research is concerned

[6]


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 SCIENCE AND THE FUTURE

labour may prove a better master than capitalism, and there can be little doubt that it would be equally friendly to physical and chemical research if these came to lead immediately to shortened hours rather than to unemployment. In particular there is perhaps reason to think that that form of sentimentalism which hampers medical research in this country by legislation would be less likely to flourish in a robust and selfish labour party of the Australian type than in parties whose members enjoy the leisure which seems necessary to the development of such emotional luxuries.

It is of course possible that civilisa- tion may collapse throughout the world as it has done in parts of Russia, and science with it, but such an event would

[7]


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 DAEDALUS

OR

Science and the Future

A PAPER READ TO THE HERETICS, CAMBRIDGE ON FEBRUARY 4TH, 1923

BY J. B. S. HALDANE

Sir William Dunn Reader in Bio-chemistry Cambridge University

New York E. P. DUTTON & COMPANY 681 Fifth Avenue


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 Copyright, 1924 By E. P. Dutton & Company ————————— All Rights Reserved ———————————————— Printed in the United States of America


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conscious of his ghastly mission, and proud of it.

“ Black is his robe from top to toe, His flesh is white and warm below, All through his silent veins flow free Hunger and thirst and venery, But in his eyes a still small flame Like the first cell from which he came Burns round and luminous, as he rides Singing my song of deicides.”

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 DAEDALUS mythology and morals are provisional. That is the only sort of religion that would satisfy the scientific mind, and it is very doubtful whether it could properly be called a religion at all.

No doubt many people hope that such a religion may develop from christianity. The human intellect is feeble, and there are times when it does not assert the infinity of its claims. But even then:

“ Though in black jest it bows and nods

“T know it is roaring at the gods Waiting the last eclipse.”

The scientific worker of the future will more and more resemble the lonely figure of Daedalus as he becomes

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 SCIENCE AND THE FUTURE most flexible morals of any religion, because Jesus left no code of law behind him like Moses or Muhammad, and his moral precepts are so different from those of ordinary life that no society has ever made any serious attempt to carry them out, -such as was possible in the case of Israel and Islam. But every Christian church has tried to impose a code of morals of some kind for which it has claimed divine sanction. As these codes have always been opposed to those of the gospels a loophole has been left for moral progress such as hardly exists in other religions. This is no doubt an argument for Christianity as against other religions, but not as against none at all, or as against a religion which will frankly admit that its

[91]


text: The Jovial Rantin' Highlandman

title: The Jovial Rantin' Highlandman


text: The Jovial Rantin' Highlandman/The Jovial Rantin' Highlandman


text: The Jovial Rantin' Highlandman/Yougal Harbour


text: The Jovial Rantin' Highlandman/My Ain Dear Jean


text: The Jovial Rantin' Highlandman/Logan-Braes and Answer


text: The Jovial Rantin' Highlandman/Roy's Wife of Aldivalloch


text: Index:Arbitration Act 1996.pdf

title: Index:Arbitration Act 1996.pdf


text: File:Everywoman's World, Volume 7, Number 6.djvu


text: Translation:Announcements, Acts, and Decrees From the Reign of Rama V/Tome 14


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Rh "Oh, I don't want any of your stupid change, brother!" said the sailor, laughing. "Keep what remains for yourself for drink."

Next day, after doing his work on board, the sailor again asked leave to go on shore. He went into the very same traktir, drinking as before, and paying with another gold piece. On the third day he did the same, and pretty nearly every day after, always paying with gold, but never asking for change, telling the waiter to keep what remained for himself for drink.

At last the traktirshik, or the public-house keeper, began to notice this, and thought it looked rather queer.

"What does it all mean?" he asked himself. "The sailor seems rather a good sort, but I cannot understand how it is that he manages to throw his money about like dirt. He seems to have found a whole casket-full of gold. I know how much pay the sailors get as a rule, so that they cannot possibly afford to throw money away. Most likely this sailor has found a hidden treasure somewhere. I think I had better go and inform his captain of this, for who knows, there might, after all, be something queer, and if I don't say anything about it, I may be sent to Siberia for receiving the money."

So he went and told the captain, who at once had the sailor sent for and brought before him.

"Come and confess," said he to the sailor, "from whence you got all the gold?"

"There is not much to confess, sir," the sailor answered; "the gold which I had can be found in every blessed mud-hole."


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268 "That is a lie!"

"By no means; it is the real truth, your honour. The traktirshik tells the lies, not I; let him show you the gold which he received from me."

The traktirshik then brought his cash-box, opened it, and what was his amazement to see that all the gold which the sailor had given him had turned into bones!

"How is this, brother?" said the traktirshik. "You paid me with gold, which has now turned into bones. Show us how you did this?"

"I had nothing to do with the changing of the gold, but I will explain everything to you to the best of my ability." Then, addressing the captain, the sailor continued, "This, your honour, is a sign that death is approaching us, and that we shall all be flooded; the sea will rise higher and higher, and will swamp the town, and drown the inhabitants."

"Good heavens!" cried the captain; "what are we to do? Whither shall we go?"

"Well, your honour," said the sailor, "if you have no particular wish to get drowned, you had better follow me, and let us both climb up a chimney."

They did so; and, getting on to the roof, they stood up, and, looking all around, saw the whole town submerged. It was such an overflow that some of the houses in the low-lying districts of the town were quite invisible, while the waters continued rising higher and higher.

"Well, little brother," said the captain, "if the sea continues rising at this rate, I am very much afraid


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Author:James Henry George Chapple

Works

 * The Divine Need of the Rebel (1924)

title: Author:James Henry George Chapple


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 FELLOW-COUNTRYMEN OF HARVEY!

I KNOW I shall be carrying out in spirit the in- tention of this oration's founder, when I ask you to join me to-day in reviewing the contemporary progress of therapeutics. While science is our privilege, art is our duty, and quite as much as science is capable of advance by that method of direct experiment, to advocate which Harvey bids me stand here. Now is a fitting time to take such a review diligently and often, for I am sure that this our art of healing is passing through a most trying crisis, which will decide the direction and pace of its onward march in a most sovereign manner.

Let our motto be "Vigilemus," or we shall stumble and block the road.

This crisis I have elsewhere described by say- ing that medicine is now entering upon a biological phase. By this I mean that our pra ice is be- coming yearly more and more influenced by that idea of Disease which paints it as a mode of living,


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 as an imperfect form of undeveloped vitality, as a loss of something present in health.

Is this new? is it true?

It is new; it is not implied in former theories of therapeutics. I must ask you to bear a little with the unpopular subject of medical history; for the advocates of various principles of healing have made their differences so strongly felt, that their important point of resemblance is somewhat over- shadowed. And their point of resemblance is that in which they differ from the newer medicine of to-day.

The Athenian physicians were the first to recog- nize that health and sickness obeyed a universal law, and not the arbitrary wills of good or bad powers. They considered the important point in disease was the excess of some constituent of the body of phlegm in winter, of blood in spring, of yellow bile in summer, of black bile in autumn. This view still survives in the practice of ELIMINA- TION, and in the phrases of "reducing the fever," "clearing out the liver," "getting rid of the bile," and the like, so often in the mouths of patients.

I..


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Rh Galen brought into physiology the notion of Force, as distinct from its object. To Plato's Life of Nutrition, Life of Animal Motion, Life of Volition, he added the idea of the foreign force of Disease. Diseases were foreign forces, foes to the native, and the duty of a physician lay in opposing them. Remedies were to be sought which in a healthy man would produce abnormal symptoms contrary to those of the dis- case. Nobody can deny that this CURE BY CON- TRARIES holds its ground bravely, and will do so till we find sleeplessness not to be alleviated by narcotics, constipation not to yield to purgatives.

Its permanence has been in a great measure due to its openness to accept modifications and reforms. One of the most important of these is an exten- sion of Hippocrates' suggestion that diseases naturally contain their own cure" into Sydenham's designation of their phe- nomena as an EFFORT OF NATURE (Naturæ con- amen). This theory has been so salutary in pro- moting a milder and better treatment of acute ailments, that it too still influences deeply our pathology and therapeutics.

NEUTRALIZATION, by what may be called An- tidotes, is the application of chemistry to the Cure


text: User:SnowyCinema/P/The Trail Rider

title: User:SnowyCinema/P/The Trail Rider


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RESTORATIVE MEDICINE. by Contraries. During a given disease there is found in the body a substance differing from what is found in health. United with certain drugs, it forms a third neutral and harmless substance.

We will give those drugs. If the urine be over- acid, we will give alkalies; if it be alkaline, we will give acids. It seems as if contagious fevers were set in action by a ferment in the blood, so we will administer, in as large doses as we dare, chemicals which decompose ferments. Though sometimes leading us into blunders, this idea has certainly taught modes of treatment which relieve illness; so that it has advanced along with ad- vancing chemistry from the time of our famous co-fellow, Dr. Thomas Willis,* author of the "Pharmaceutice Rationalis," up to the present time. And seeing that our generation of fellows has contributed a Dr. Prout, a Dr. Bence Jones, a Dr. Garrod, and many others to the laborers in the cause, we cannot be surprised that valuable therapeutical results have arisen.

COUNTER-IRRITATION is a principle of treat-

Oxford, he was admitted an honorary fellow of our College in 1664. + Dr. Parry calls it the Cure of Disease by "Conversion."
 * Though Willis's reputation was mainly connected with


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upwards of two centuries the London College of Physicians complied with the letter of Harvey's wishes, as expressed in his Deed of Gift, by causing an annual oration to be delivered in Latin. But during the last few years there has been a growing conviction that in this pedantic adherence to the words, we were departing from the spirit, of the founder of the ceremony, the object of which is to stir up the audience to a diligent study of physiology and to professional esprit de corps. An "exhortation to mutual love and affection," as Harvey words it, was fitly enough of old couched in a language more familiar than all besides their own to the brother-hood of science in various countries. Is it too hurried an anticipation of nature to look upon English as now the most appropriate medium for circulating such exhortations among physicians in Europe? At all events, across the Atlantic and Pacific there are bands of relatives, whom we are much prouder to claim, and to exhort to mutual


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iv love and affection in a tongue that recalls the fact of blood being thicker than water. This year the Oration, though delivered in England, shall be printed and published in America first. The offering is a poor one-then let it be repaid by a richer. No one can be more sensible than I am of the superficial manner in which several important questions are handled; but that very fact may lead others to more profound reflections. A judicious critic remarks that, in the Sequels especially, the coloring is very local. True-otherwise it would be unnatural. And Americans have not the same troubles as we have. But they may have them soon. Let them listen kindly to the outpouring of our griefs, and we will promise to sympathize with theirs when they tell them. T. K. C.
 * LONDON, June, 1871.


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RESTORATIVE MEDICINE. weight," as the son of Sirach advises all material things to be estimated. Do not think of the pulse-portrait-painter, even as at present perfected, as a mere physiological toy. Had it done no other good deed, eternal gratitude would be its due for putting down the tyrannical imposture of the tactus eruditus : for no one has vaunted such erudition from the time it could be tested in black and white. But I think a sphygmograph can do more than that; it can tell us what really existing movements to feel for in the pulse. The tool may sharpen the wits that use it, and teach its pupils in the end to dispense with its services.

Since Harvey, the physiology of the sanguineous circulation has been pushed on by many distinguished men, but I do not know of any step more important than that made during the last two years by the French savants, Messrs. Legros and Onimus. By an elaborate series of experiments they have deciphered the riddle which has puzzled Harvey and Hunter, Magendie and Claude Bernard-how the microscopic arteries assist the current of the blood through the capillaries. Indeed it puzzled the last-named physiologist so much, that he definitely confined the agency of the arterioles to resisting the force of the heart. To


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RESTORATIVE MEDICINE. that their harness is their uniform, their decoration, their chiefest reward, and that they lay it aside only at the bidding of their commander-in-chief. When I was in Italy some years ago, on a holiday tour enforced by a surgical operation, I hesitated whether I should not lengthen my holiday to the end of my life, and leave the race to the swift, the battle to the strong. "Were it not better done, as others use, to sport with Amaryllis in the shade, or with the tangles of Newra's hair?" In visiting Pompeii, I stopped more than once at a sentry-box by the sea-gate, where there were found the skeleton and arms of a Roman legionary set on guard eighteen hundred years ago. That nameless sentry, I thought, ignorant, sensual heathen, whose bones lic mouldering among the debris of brothels of unmentionable atrocity and filthy wineshops, will yet to the resurrection-call answer "Adsum, Domine!" from a vantage-ground of dignity second to none in the universe, -at his post, waiting for orders to leave. And so I turned and came home.


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40 RESTORATIVE MEDICINE. which follows enforced and overstrained mental effort or absorbing passion. The bodily disease strikes me most. I would describe all three, metaphorically, by saying that the nervous system has a difficulty in putting on a break; but when forcibly set in motion, tends to run on "by itself," as railway porters say. There is an involuntary and useless repetition of both psychical and physical processes, and the body is as much exhausted by them as if the will had directed their continuance. Do not suppose I am representing this rotatory recurrence of nervous work as a weakness or as a disease; it is, on the contrary, a mighty force, if rightly directed. It is too valuable to be wasted. And the most ready way of saving it is by alcohol, whose gentle, sedative control supplies the break that is required.

PSYCIIICUS. I can bear witness to the enormous value of alcohol in the management of insanity. That, and plenty of nourishing food, are the strong points in which we have improved of late years. Insanity is best treated as a disease of the stomach.

VAIN POMPS. I wish I understood all that scientific argument. I have always thought my glass of claret was a minor vice, and pleaded


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RESTORATIVE MEDICINE. 50 not find in it much of the violent treatment which it is the fashion to denounce allopathists as having employed. There are more pills and draughts ordered, it is true, but they are not so alarmingly poisonous as some of the drugs in the prescriptions my patients bring me down from the London physicians.

VAIN POMPS. I am glad you have mentioned that. It is really awful to think that a young assistant who has never made up ten doses in his life, should be sending me drugs which one reads of in the papers as poisoning whole families. He is tempted to do it by a sense of power and a wish to be dashing.

CHIRURGUS. The young fellows of the present day are really dangerous, as much for what they do not, as for what they do. To my thinking, it is a great pity that the old plan of apprentice- ship has been given up. A hospital pupil nowadays gets so drenched with lectures on theories and views, that there is no room in his brains for common sense. He can tell you all about extraordinary and rare cases and wonderful new drugs, but he has no notion of treatment. I dare say with his 'scopes and his test-tubes he can make out a better diagnosis than I can; and then,


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60 ORATOR. Then I will postpone my examples. Come, Mr. Vicar, let us go in, and you shall be our chaplain to-night. It has been an eventful day for me, and I shall sleep sound.


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RESTORATIVE MEDICINE. derstanding that women are not rivals. Ladies do not in general study political economy, otherwise I should suppose they had found out that by their entering professions they must as a body lose income.

ORATOR. It is the individuals who wish to gain income. But still I do not quite see your argument.

CHEMICUS. The income of each profession is the largest sum the public chooses to spend in that particular way. It cannot be increased by being divided among an additional number. Most medical men marry directly they can afford it, and their wives have the use of the professional income; so that if a doctress settles down in a village, and takes away half the practice, she is impoverishing her own sex after all. By working in professions women would at most gain what now they gain without working. If any large number entered a profession, they would reduce the rate of remuneration by competition, Medicus snubbed me last night when I ventured to use such an old-fashioned argument as the theory of an implied Social Contract, but I won't entirely forego it nevertheless. I think women feel that a point of honor is involved in their abstaining from


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80 RESTORATIVE MEDICINE. cases we are best acquainted with is within the limits of what we know of organic bodies; and no more intimate knowledge of the nature of life than we already possess is needed to lead to scientific treatment in the majority of cases we have to cure.

I go further than this, and I contend that you have no right to suggest the impossible as a bar to our search after the nature of life. By tracing the qualities of inanimate matter in the living, gradually further and further, we shall arrive at their approximate limit, and thus gain a rough outline of what life is, and what are the substances and functions which lie between spirit and matter. This outline has been hitherto drawn too much on the side of matter; and 1 may say also, that it has been drawn too sharp; as if the qualities of the one could never by transference become the properties of the other. Strangely enough, it is the theologians who have insisted upon fixing an impassable gulf between spiritual and material characteristics; though one would have thought that the Aoyos iyévero oap of St. John would have suggested transitional substances and times. I see in the far distance the promise of a union between physics and metaphysics. But I am not going to wait for that, and the main point I would make is that the


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RESTORATIVE MEDICINE. change of use, without change of tool, has be- fallen many other old, established remedies, such as iron, digitalis, quinia, arsenic, warmth, oxygen.

If you go beyond materia medica into pharmacy, you will notice that the energy exhibited by the deviser of new forms of old favorites has turned. itself to constructing drugs in the proportion of nearly three to one of destructives. This shows the direction of prescriber's requirements.

There is an interesting class of substances, of old called "alteratives," which may probably have light thrown upon them by the new movement of therapeutic thought. These agents are not in any wise eliminative, nor do they arrest elimination; in moderate doses they cause no symptom either opposed to, or like the diseases they cure; their effects do not resemble the efforts of nature during sickness; and any toxic action they may exert is not enough to counteract anything. So that I do not see how their use is to be reconciled to any of the older therapeutic theories. Typical instances of this class are the iodides and bromides, of which the tonnage consumed is montbly increasing. Their sole effect in medicinal doses seems to be cure. Either nothing happens, or certain failing functions are restored to health


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 express a hope that the other sex, when they have entered the portals of the profession, will rise out of the narrow sphere to which their best friends have consigned them, and by the display of a superior intelligence, convince a wise legislature, which has seen fit to grant them the privilege of practising medicine, of their capability of also giving a vote in the election of their supporters in Parliament.

Harvey says that we must always be acquiring knowledge, and surely the medical man, with his fellow-creatures before him presenting various states of organic and functional derangement, has problems relating to the working of the complex machinery of the human body, ever awaiting his solution. He, rather than any other member of the community, can appropriate to himself the words of the Latin poet-

It is true that a knowledge of the structure and functions of the human body ought to precede that of its derangements, and, as a matter of instruction and discipline, we do so place it, but in our present state of comparative ignorance the


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 luted seed itself, which is made up of two halves held together by a commissure. This very first fact in the formation of the human body, its dual character on which so many of its functions depend, and the use of which is apparently so obvious, cannot be discussed solely in reference to final causes, seeing we find its counterpart in the fruits of the trees, and even in the less developed leguminous pod formed by the folding of a leaf. Nature thus closely unites man with the grass of the field.

 * "Nothing stands alone,
 * The chain holds on and where it ends unknown."

But we do not stop with the organic world in our search after an explanation of some of the characteristics of our framework since mechanical laws cannot be unheeded. In looking at the packing of the brain in the skull, or of the intestines in the abdomen, can it be doubted that these laws are in operation, or that James Hinton was right when he maintained that in the production of the spiral, noticeable in the heart and other organs, we have an example of the more complex laws of least resistance. The more, indeed, we


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30 Bacon denounced, of framing fanciful theories according to preconceived mental conceptions were all as he says, valueless; at the same time a simple collection of facts, which some have declared was Bacon's reformed method, will also load to nothing, for no new idea can flow from it. The true method of scientific enquiry is the combination of both systems, each alone being barren of results; speculation and imagination alone are valueless, a simple collection of facts is meaningless, but the combination of the theorising and observing qualities must exist in the truly scientific man. No better example of this can be found than in the late Michael Faraday, who would work week after week in his laboratory with apparatus chemical or electrical, never making an assertion which could not be supported by facts, and who would yet at the same time be speculating on the subject in hand with all the spirit of a poet. There are plenty of persons who can sit in their studies and frame vain speculations, but to do this is not a rare talent; there are others who can observe facts without possessing the power of analysis; this too is of no great value, although the faculty of seeing clearly is far rarer and more


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 like its corporeal possessor, hope to grasp the whole within itself.

Now, having satisfied our moral sense as to the duty of pursuing these objects, we may fairly ask as a scientific section of society, are we arrogating too much to ourselves in placing these discoveries so high, and regarding it as our chief ambition to be instrumental in augmenting their number? For we must know well that many persons whose line of life does not lie in our direction do not hesitate to declare that higher aims are to be found in philosophy and art than can possibly be met with in science. I, for one, however, would strictly maintain the right of scientific investiga- tors to the very highest consideration, aiming, as they do, at some of the most glorious objects which man can place before him, and assert, moreover, that the view of our opponents is a puerile one. In taking natural science as our domain we include in it man himself, who not only inhabits the globe, but, as we say, forms a part of it, and it of him. We too frequently hear man spoken of as if he could have a separate existence from the world on which he lives, whereas he is a part of it, and has grown out of it.


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 when grouped together form the shape of the branches of the trees, and determine the cluster- ing of the foliage, which in this stage of devel- opment alone, he imagines can inspire him by their charm. One might even almost hope that the repugnance with which chemistry equally with anatomy inspires him, would disappear when shown the production of colours in the laboratory, and that combining henceforth this newly acquired knowledge with those sentiments which enable him so eloquently to describe the autumnal tints of the forest, he might be more at one with Shakespeare, that art is not added to nature, but that art itself is nature. What I should like to insist on is, that the material world can be examined in many ways, it may be regarded in an analytic and scientific spirit, or with the eye of the poet; but as every quality which the mind can conceive must be an attribute of nature, one view need not destroy the other; and more than this they are often but the two sides of the shield or even identical; for example, when the physiologist sees a boy walking along the road whistling, he says that as the forces produced in the boy's nerve centres are not being employed in intellectual


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User talk:Harris1948

Welcome
Hello, Harris1948, and welcome to Wikisource! Thank you for joining the project. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers:
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Again, welcome!

Thanks for helping with the Papers of William Shakespeare Hall! Oh, and you might also be interested in Portal:Western Australia. :-)

Sam Wilson 08:31, 14 October 2023 (UTC)

title: User talk:Harris1948


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Page:History, Design and Present State of the Religious, Benevolent and Charitable Institutions.djvu/157

146 Establishment of Native Schools, on  system, by the late, is here alluded to. At the beginning of July, 1814, this benevolent and meritorious individual, while residing at Chinsurah, as a Dissenting Minister, with a very narrow income, opened a School, in his dwelling house, proposing gratuitously, to teach the Natives reading, writing, and arithmetic. On the first day 16 Boys attended. In the course of the month of August, the Scholars became too numerous to be accommodated under his lowly roof, but a spacious apartment being allotted to him in the Fort, by, the Commissioner of Chinsurah, the list of attendance at the commencement of October, had swelled to 92. In January, 1815,, opened a Village or Branch School, at a short distance from Chinsurah, and in the following month of June, not twelve months since the commencement of his undertaking, he had established sixteen Schools, including the central one at Chinsurah, to which, 951 pupils resorted.

encountered some slight impediments in the commencement of his labours from the prejudices of the Natives; chiefly, however,


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 down, & fetch water for others; which would not take him more than 3 hours; after some delay got on board "Sea Ripple", about 5 miles out from site of house; saw Cringle, bought 6 lbs of Tobacco, dined, borrowed some books; & went on shore after sundown; told Withnall to remain; & see the ship cleared of his goods; (as the Captain talked of starting early in the morning) & his wife & family landed. I returned to sheep & found them near Dig-down; men already there, in better spirits; & o only 3 sheep left by the way. McCourt & Green arrived with dray at the same time as I did.

APRIL 17.

Sunday. Went down to Inlet with Green, to look after 7 sheep left there; & write letter to Mr. Wellard; found 5 sheep dead in a heap, 1 dying & 1 strong. Two boats came on shore, one with Mrs. Withnall & children without breakfast; ora drop of water; & it blazing hot; poor little children crying for some. I told Mrs. Withnall the bullock dray was at the head of the marsh, with 8 gallons, of water, waiting for her, & the lost sheep about 2 miles off. I had a row with 2 of the sailors - one because he asked for water; & said the women could do as well without as he, (wrote a hasty letter) Collected traps together, put Mrs. Withnall's sister on one horse, with one child, carried the other; & gave Mrs. Withnall my horse with bundles on to lead; so off we went, the men


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A260

HONG KONG

Rh An Ordinance to repeal and replace the Education Ordinance. [] Enacted by the Governor of Hong Kong, with the advice and consent of the Legislative Council thereof. PART I.

1. (1) This Ordinance may be cited as the Education Ordinance 1971.

(2) This Ordinance shall come into operation on a day to be appointed by the Governor by notice in the Gazette, and notices under this subsection may appoint different dates for different provisions of this Ordinance.

2. This Ordinance shall not apply to—
 * (a) the University of Hong Kong established by the University of Hong Kong Ordinance;
 * (b) The Chinese University of Hong Kong established by The Chinese University of Hong Kong Ordinance;
 * (c) the Hong Kong Polytechnic established by the Hong Kong Polytechnic Ordinance 1971; or
 * (d) any post secondary college registered under the Post Secondary Colleges Ordinance.

3. In this Ordinance, unless the context otherwise requires—

“approved manager” means a person who is approved under sub- section (1) of section 24 to be a manager;

“authorized architect” means a person whose name is on the register of authorized architects kept under section 3 of the Buildings Ordinance;

“Building Authority” has the same meaning as it has in section 2 of the Buildings Ordinance;


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Rh

“certificate of provisional registration” means in relation to a school which is provisionally registered, the certificate which is issued by the Director under subsection (1) of section 18 in respect of the school;

“certificate of registration” means—
 * (a) in relation to a school which is registered under sectionm13, the certificate issued by the Director under subsection (1) of section 18 in respect of the school; and
 * (b) in relation to a school which is registered under either of the repealed Ordinances, the certificate of registration issued by the Director under such Ordinance in respect of the school;

“Director” means the Director of Education;

“document” includes any account, counterfoil, text-book, exercise book, pamphlet, publication, newspaper, poster, drawing, sketch, film, filmstrip, slide, gramophone record, and other printed, written or recorded matter, whether relating to school management, teaching or recreation or to any other activity of or in connexion with a school;

“evening instruction” means any instruction the greater part of which in any one day takes place after 6 p.m.;

“functions” includes powers and duties;

“inclusive fee” means the total sum of money charged in respect of the education of a pupil in a school;

“inspector of schools” means a person who is appointed under section 79 to be an inspector of schools, a medical officer of schools and a health inspector of schools;

“kindergarten education” means education which is suitable for normal pupils who have attained the age of four years but not the age of five years;

“manage” includes administer;

“management committee” means the registered managers of a school;

“manager” means a person who manages or takes any part in the management of—
 * (a) a school; or
 * (b) the activities of the pupils of a school;

“permitted teacher” means a person, not being a registered teacher, who is permitted to be employed as a teacher in a school in accordance with a permit to teach;


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A262

“permit to teach” means a permit issued under subsection (1) of section 50 or under either of the repealed Ordinances for the employment as a teacher in a school of a person who is not a

“post secondary education” means education which is beyond the stage of secondary education;

“primary education” means education which is suitable for normal pupils who have attained the age of five years but not the age of twelve years;

“principal” means a teacher who is approved as the principal of a school under subsection (2) of section 53 or subsection (2) of section 57 or under either of the repealed Ordinances;

“provisionally registered” means provisionally registered under section 15;

“pupils’ association” means an association the affairs of which are conducted wholly or partly in any school premises and which consists wholly or mainly of persons under the age of twenty-one years who are undergoing primary or secondary education in any school or schools;

“registered”, in relation to a school, means registered under section 13 or under either of the repealed Ordinances;

“registered manager” means a person who is registered as a manager of a school under subsection (1) of section 29 or under either of the repealed Ordinances;

“registered name” means the name in which a school is registered or provisionally registered;

“registered teacher” means a person who is registered as a teacher under subsection (1) of section 45 or under either of the repealed Ordinances;

“repealed Ordinances” means—
 * (a) the Education Ordinance; and
 * (b) the Education Ordinance 1913;

“school” means an institution, organization or establishment which provides for twenty or more persons during any one day, whether or not at the same time, any kindergarten, primary, secondary or post secondary education or any other educational course by any means, including correspondence delivered by hand or through the postal services;


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 dress. So many summers' suns have blistered it, so many winters' rains have beat upon it—such a shabby, mean, old dress: it is the only one they have!

They do not look quite so bad when the weary winter weather is come, when the flowers are dead, and the hedgerows are bare, and the trees stand out leafless against the grey sky, and the birds are all silent, and the fields are brown, and the vine clings round the cottage with skinny, fleshless arms, and they alone of all things are unchanged, they alone of all the forest are green, they alone of all the verdant host stand firm to front the cruel winter.

They are not very beautiful, only strong and staunch and steadfast-the same in all times, through all seasons—ever the same, ever green. The spring cannot brighten them, the summer cannot scorch them, the autumn cannot wither them, the winter cannot kill them.

There are evergreen men and women in the world, praise be to God!—not many of them, but a few. They are not the showy folk; they are not the clever, attractive folk. (Nature is an old-fashioned shopkeeper: she never puts her best goods in the window.) They are only the quiet, strong folk: they are stronger than the world, stronger than life and death, stronger than Fate. The storms of life sweep over them, and the rains beat down upon them, and the biting frosts creep round them; but the winds and the rains and the frosts pass away, and they are still standing, green and straight. They love the sunshine of life in their undemonstrative way—its pleasures, its joys. But calamity cannot bow them, sorrow and affliction bring not despair to their serene faces, only a little tightening of the lips; the sun of our prosperity makes the green of their friendship no brighter,


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Rh

“school premises” includes school recreation rooms, residential facilities, playing fields and playing grounds, and any other places used for the purposes of a school;

“secondary education” means education which is suitable for normal pupils who have attained the age of twelve years but not the age of nineteen years;

“supervisor” means a registered manager who is approved as the supervisor of a school under section 34 or subsection (2) of section 38 or under either of the repealed Ordinances.

4. (1) The Director shall be charged with the superintendence of matters relating to education in Hong Kong.

(2) The Director shall promote the education of the people of Hong Kong and control and direct education policy.

5. (1) The Deputy Director of Education may exercise any function of the Director under this Ordinance.

(2) The Director may authorize any officer of the Education Department to exercise any function of the Director under any provision of this Ordinance other than subsection (5) of section 9.

6. (1) The Governor may give to the Director and to any other public officer, other than a judge, a district judge, or a magistrate, such directions as he thinks fit with respect to the exercise or performance of their respective functions under this Ordinance, either generally or in any particular case.

(2) A person to whom a direction is given by the Governor under subsection (1) shall, in the exercise or performance of his functions under this Ordinance, comply with that direction.

7. (1) There shall be a Board of Education appointed in accordance with subsection (2) which may advise the Governor on educational matters.

(2) The Governor shall by notice in the Gazette appoint as members of the Board such persons as he thinks fit.

(3) A member of the Board shall hold office for such period as may be specified in such notice.

(4) The Board may regulate its procedure.

(5) Such officers of the Education Department as the Director may nominate shall attend the meetings of the Board.

(6) The Director shall appoint an officer of the Education Department to be the secretary to the Board.


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 the frost of our adversity kills not the leaves of their affection.

Let us lay hold of such men and women; let us grapple them to us with hooks of steel; let us cling to them as we would to rocks in a tossing sea. We do not think very much of them in the summer-time of life. They do not flatter us or gush over us. They do not always agree with us. They are not always the most delightful society, by any means. They are not good talkers, nor—which would do just as well, perhaps better—do they make enraptured listeners. They have awkward manners, and very little tact. They do not shine to advantage beside our society friends. They do not dress well; they look altogether somewhat dowdy and commonplace. We almost hope they will not see us when we meet them just outside the club. They are not the sort of people we want to ostentatiously greet in crowded places. It is not till the days of our need that we learn to love and know them. It is not till the winter that the birds see the wisdom of building their nests in the evergreen trees.

And we, in our spring-time folly of youth, pass them by with a sneer, the uninteresting, colourless evergreens, and, like silly children with nothing but eyes in their heads, stretch out our hands and cry for the pretty flowers. We will make our little garden of life such a charming, fairy-like spot, the envy of every passer-by! There shall nothing grow in it but lilies and roses, and the cottage we will cover all over with virginia-creeper. And, oh, how sweet it will look, under the dancing summer sunlight, when the soft west breeze is blowing!

And, oh, how we shall stand and shiver there when the rain and the east wind come!

Oh, you foolish, foolish little maidens, with your


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 dainty heads so full of unwisdom! how often-oh! how often, are you to be warned that it is not always the sweetest thing in lovers that is the best material to make a good-wearing husband out of? "The lover sighing like a furnace" will not go on sighing like a furnace for ever. That furnace will go out. He will become the husband, "full of strange oaths—jealous in honour, sudden and quick in quarrel," and grow "into the lean and slipper'd pantaloon." How will he wear? There will be no changing him if he does not suit, no sending him back to be altered, no having him let out a bit where he is too tight and hurts you, no having him taken in where he is too loose, no laying him by when the cold comes, to wrap yourself up in something warmer. As he is when you select him, so he will have to last you all your life—through all changes, through all seasons.

Yes, he looks very pretty now—handsome pattern, if the colours are fast and it does not fade—feels soft and warm to the touch. How will he stand the world's rough weather? How will he stand life's wear-and-tear?

He looks so manly and brave. His hair curls so divinely. He dresses so well (I wonder if the tailor's bill is paid?) He kisses your hand so gracefully. He calls you such pretty names. His arm feels so strong around you. His fine eyes are so full of tenderness as they gaze down into yours.

Will he kiss your hand when it is wrinkled and old? Will he call you pretty names when the baby is crying in the night, and you cannot keep it quiet—or, better still, will he sit up and take a turn with it? Will his arm be strong around you in the days of trouble? Will his eyes shine above you full of tenderness when yours are growing dim?


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A264

(7) The secretary to the Board shall forward a record of every meeting of the Board to the Director, who shall transmit a copy of the record to the Governor together with any observations which the Director may wish to make on such record.

8. (1) The Director shall maintain—
 * (a) a register of schools, in which shall be entered—
 * (i) the name of every registered school; and
 * (ii) the premises which are specified in the certificate of registration of the school;
 * (b) a register of schools which are provisionally registered, in which shall be entered—
 * (i) the name of every school which is provisionally registered; and
 * (ii) the premises which are specified in the certificate of provisional registration of the school;
 * (c) a list containing the name and address of every approved manager;
 * (d) a register of managers, in which shall be entered—
 * (i) the name and address of every registered manager; and
 * (ii) the registered name and the address of every school of which a person is a registered manager; and
 * (e) a register of teachers, in which shall be entered the name of every registered teacher.

(2) Such other particulars as the Director considers necessary may be entered in any register or list referred to in subsection (1).

9. (1) The following schools and the owners, managers, teachers and pupils of such schools shall be exempt from this Ordinance-
 * (a) any school entirely maintained and controlled by the Government or by the Crown in right of Her Majesty’s Government in the United Kingdom;
 * (b) any school which provides education which is solely religious; and
 * (c) any school which has been exempted from either of the repealed Ordinances by notification in the Gazette and the exemption of which has not been withdrawn.

(2) The Governor in Council may, by order published in the Gazette, withdraw wholly or partly the exemption conferred


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 And you boys, you silly boys! what materials for a wife do you think you will get out of the empty-headed coquettes you are raving and tearing your hair about? Oh! yes, she is very handsome, and she dresses with exquisite taste (the result of devoting the whole of her heart, mind, and soul to the subject, and never allowing her thoughts to be distracted from it by any other mundane or celestial object whatsoever); and she is very agreeable and entertaining and fascinating; and she will go on looking handsome, and dressing exquisitely, and being agreeable and entertaining and fascinating, just as much after you have married her as before—more so, if anything.

But you will not get the benefit of it. Husbands will be charmed and fascinated by her in plenty, but you will not be among them. You will run the show, you will pay all the expenses, do all the work. Your performing lady will be most affable and enchanting to the crowd. They will stare at her, and admire her, and talk to her, and flirt with her. And you will be able to feel that you are quite a benefactor to your fellow-men and women,—to your fellow-men especially,—in providing such delightful amusement for them, free. But you will not get any of the fun yourself.

You will not get the handsome looks. You will get the jaded face, and the dull, lustreless eyes, and the untidy hair with the dye showing on it. You will not get the exquisite dresses. You will get dirty, shabby frocks and slommicking dressing-gowns, such as your cook would be ashamed to wear. You will not get the charm and fascination. You will get the after-headaches, the complainings and grumblings, the silence and sulkiness, the weariness and lassitude and ill-temper that come as such a relief after working hard all day at being pleasant!


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Rh

by subsection (1) on any school and the owners, managers, teachers or pupils of the school.

(3) The Governor in Council may, by order published in the Gazette, exempt from all or any of the provisions of this Ordinance—
 * (a) any school or class or description of school; and
 * (b) the owners, managers, teachers or pupils of such school or class or description of school,

on such conditions, if any, as he thinks fit.

(4) An order under subsection (3) exempting a school from section 10 shall not preclude the making of an application for registration of the school or the registration or provisional registration of the school, and if the school is registered or provisionally registered the exemption shall cease to have effect.

(5) The Director may, by order in writing, exempt from all or any of the provisions of this Ordinance—
 * (a) any school which provides education consisting only of a series of lectures, or a course of instruction in a particular subject or topic;
 * (b) any school which provides less than ten hours of academic instruction each week; and
 * (c) the owners, managers, teachers or pupils of any school referred to in paragraph (a) or (b),

on such conditions, if any, as he thinks fit. PART II.

10. (1) Every school shall be registered or provisionally registered.

(2) If a school provides evening instruction in addition to other education, there shall be deemed to be a separate school in respect of the evening instruction and such separate school shall also be registered or provisionally registered.

11. An application for registration of a school shall be—
 * (a) made to the Director by an approved manager in the prescribed form; and


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A266

 * (i) by the documents specified in such form; and
 * (ii) if the school is to be operated in or in any part of any premises which are not designed and constructed for the purposes of a school, by the additional documents specified in subsection (1) of section 12.

12. (1) The documents referred to in sub-paragraph (ii) of paragraph (b) of section 11 shall be—
 * (a) a certificate from the competent authority as to his opinion with regard to the suitability for the purposes of a school of the premises or the part of the premises in which the school is to be operated, having regard to the loading for which they are designed and constructed;
 * (b) a certificate from the competent authority that the premises in or in part of which the school is to be operated do not have structural timber floors;
 * (c) a certificate from the Director of Fire Services that the use for the purposes of a school of the premises or the part of the premises in which the school is to be operated would not expose the persons in the school premises to any undue risk of fire, and that in the event of fire in the premises in or in part of which the school is to be operated the means of escape for all the persons in the premises (including the persons in the school premises) would be adequate;
 * (d) if the Buildings Ordinance applies to the premises in or in part of which the school is to be operated, a notice in writing from the Building Authority stating that he does not intend, in exercise of the powers conferred on him by section 25 of that Ordinance, to prohibit the use for the purposes of a school of the premises or the part of the premises in which the school is to be operated; and
 * (e) if—
 * (i) the competent authority has certified under paragraph (a) that in his opinion the premises or the part of the premises in which the school is to be operated are not suitable for the purposes of a school, having regard to the loading for which they are designed and constructed;
 * (ii) the premises in or in part of which the school is to be operated were erected prior to the 1st day of January 1946; or


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Rh

 * a certificate from an authorized architect that the premises in or in part of which the school is to be operated are in sound structural condition.

(2) An application to the competent authority, the Building Authority or the Director of Fire Services for a certificate or a notice required for the purposes of subsection (1) shall be—
 * (a) made in such form as the Director shall specify; and
 * (b) accompanied by a plan, drawn to such scale and with such number of copies as the Director shall specify, of the premises or the part of the premises in which the school is to be operated.

(3) The Director of Public Works may, where he is the competent authority for the purposes of paragraphs (a) and (b) of subsection (1), appoint any officer of the Public Works Department to perform the functions of the competent authority under those paragraphs.

(4) Nothing in this section shall affect the powers of the Building Authority under the Buildings Ordinance.

(5) For the purposes of this section, “competent authority” means—
 * (a) in the case of any premises or part of any premises which are situated in an area which has been set aside or has been deemed to have been set aside as a cottage resettlement area under section 37 of the Resettlement Ordinance, the person who is appointed under section 36 of that Ordinance to be the competent authority for the purpose of Part V of that Ordinance;
 * (b) in the case of any premises or part of any premises which are situated in an area which has been set aside as a Class I area or a Class II area under section 50A of the Resettlement Ordinance, the person who is appointed under section 50B of that Ordinance to be the competent authority for the purposes of Part VA of that Ordinance; and
 * (c) in any other case, the Director of Public Works and any officer of the Public Works Department appointed by him under subsection (3).


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text: Translation:Announcements, Acts, and Decrees From the Reign of Rama VIII/Tome 2/Part 130