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 or a dog retains of a road he has only once travelled, and the notice he takes of any particular change in its objects, such as a fence, instead of a hedge, or a new road laid across an old one. But it is doubtful how far, or whether at all, any of the inferior classes of minds have the power to ponder absent objects, or to entertain the vacant seasons of their existence with images flitting before the fancy. Something of this sort may be probably conjectured; but it is manifest that, in this respect, the youngest or the rudest human mind vastly surpasses the most intellectual of the brutes.

It is, as I have said, by the firm linking of the conceptive faculty with words, that we acquire a ready and un-failing command of speech; and it is by means of the associations formed among ideas, whether imaginative or rationalconcrete or abstract, that the higher faculties exert their peculiar energies. The conceptive faculty is in these modes the ground-work of the entire intellectual system.

A little must be said concerning the relation of the senses, severally, to the conceptive faculty; and it will appear that, while certain impressions upon the senses are retained with the utmost precision and permanency, so as to be recognized infallibly after the longest intervals of time, when the impression is repeated, they come only in a very imperfect manner under the control of the mind, so as to be recalled apart from the external object. Thus, for example, the impressions of smell and taste are as well defined, and as permanent as those of sight; for a particular flavour or scent, as of a fruit or flower, familiar in child-hood, and then only, is recognized sixty years afterwards, when accidentally met with, and serves to recall a train of the bright images of early life. But it is only in a very vague manner, if at all, that impressions made upon these senses can be recalled to the mind, apart from their


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Kokoro ni mo Arade uki yo ni Nagaraeba Koishikarubeki Yowa no tsuki kana.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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Arashi fuku Mimuro no yama no Momiji-ba wa Tatsuta no kawa no Nishiki nari keri.


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Rh for the living. Some there are, however, among these mortals, "whose ears are open to the voice of truth, and whose vision is purged to see the things of human life in their real aspect." Charon would read his lesson, then, to them. "That would be labour lost," replies Mercury, "to teach them what they know well already. See how they sit apart from the vulgar herd, smiling at all that passes, and feeling never any kind of satisfaction in it: but plainly meditating an escape to your quiet regions, out of the weariness of life; hated, moreover, as they are by their fellows, because they seek to convict them of their folly." "These seem but few," says Charon. "They are enough," replies Mercury. Enough to be the salt of the earth; such, even in the heathen’s estimate, must always be few. And cynicism and suicide,—these, as we see, were the heathen's remedies for the vanity and vexation of life.


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Sabishisa ni Yado wo tachi-idete Nagamureba Izuko mo onaji Aki no yūgure.


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. It is not quite certain that we can at all think of even the most familiar and pungent tastes and smells, entirely abstracted from the usual visible accompaniments of these sensations. Cayenne pepper affects the tongue much more vividly than its bright colour does the eye but in attempting to think of this acrid condiment, its visible appearance prevails entirely over the feeble traces left upon the mind by the taste; and I can mentally see it, much sooner than mentally taste it.

It is the same in degree, though not so completely, with muscular sensations, with the sensations of touch, and with our visceral consciousness. Severe pain, entirely as it engrosses the mind when present, can only be very dimly remembered; and we must, in this instance, admire the beneficent constitution of our nature; for if sensations of pain, visceral or muscular, returned upon the mind with a vividness proportioned to that which belongs to the objects of sight, our lives, after having once suffered any extreme anguish, would be a perpetual torture. Very few of the objects of sight are in themselves, and in a positive manner painful.

The sensations of hearing come next, as to their relation to the conceptive power. No sensations are better defined, none are retained in their full peculiarity longer; and they unquestionably fall under the control of the mind, so as to be readily recovered by a mental effort, or quest, and without any accompanying aid from the voice, as a man hums a tune, to regain the idea of it; for we think of the tone of the voices of our dear friends, long absentof the sound of popular acclamationsof thunderof the singing of birdsof the ticking of a clock, as heard during the darkness and stillness of the night ; and especially, musical persons can, without any audible aid, mentally repeat an air, or even a complicated harmony.

Yet it is the sensations of sight, that is to say, not its


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Portal:Letitia Elizabeth Landon in Gift Books

Literary Souvenir, 1825

 * The Decision of the Flower
 * Christine
 * The Criminal

The Amulet, 1826

 * The Cypress
 * Stanzas

The Keepsake, 1838

 * The Royal Marriage
 * The First
 * The Last


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 sensations, but those acquired perceptions which give us the notion of things as they are, that bear sway in the conceptive faculty. Itis to its picture gallery of the visible world that the mind retires at every moment when it is not occupied by that world itself: it is over these images that it exerts a plastic power, recombining the elements they consist of, in an infinite diversity of modes; and itis out of these same elements, fantastically consorted, that those magic halls are stocked and ornamented, through which the soul flits and roams during sleep.

The furniture of the conceptive faculty, as derived from the objects of sight, constitutes the principal wealth of the mind, and upon the ready command of these treasures, with some specific end in view, depends in great measure its power. The quality and the extent of these ideal stores, and the degree in which they are available as materials for the other faculties to work upon, are a chief reason of the vast difference between one mind and another, and generally of the difference between cultured and uncultured minds. Whatever may be the path of exertion pursued by any one, and even if it lead over ground the most remote from the regions of the imagination, it will still be true that, if the conceptive faculty in the particular department which the mind occupies, be full fraught with its proper objects, and be prompt in producing its stores, such a mind will take the lead among others.

The statesman, disposing of the driest details of public business, the merchant, calculating the chances of a distant enterprise, the lawyer, working his way through the most abstruse relations of right and property, all advance with rapidity and ease, or with a sluggish and stumbling step, according to the vivacity and richness of the conceptive faculty. For just as we comprehend and deal with things actually before the eye far more readily and certainly than we can with such as are out of sight; so do


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 we comprehend and deal with things out of sight with an ease and confidence directly proportioned to the vividness and perfection of the CONCEPTION, as compared with the REALITY.

Let a man of business select, from the diversity of his engagements, that one which seems the most absolutely to exclude the visible qualities of things, and he will yet find, if he narrowly analyzes the mental operation while this particular branch of his business engages his attention, that it is very greatly by the aid of the IDEAS of objects and persons as visible, that he retains his hold of the various particulars of the calculation, or of the adjustment of interests; and that, if he can fancy himself entirely shorn of these ideas, his thoughts would immediately fall into confusion.

If it be so in the extreme instances which we have now supposed, how much more is it thus on all occasions in which the visible forms and qualities of things are immediately connected with the mental process! Of what importance to us is the conceptive faculty while taking our part in ordinary conversation, turning as it does upon narrativedescriptioncomparisonallusion:of what sovereign importance to the public speaker or writerto the poet and the painter, the sculptor and the architect! And it might be shown in detail that the divining skill of the physician in realizing to himself the interior condition of the animal system, and the adroitness and tact of the surgeon in the performance of obscure operations, turn very much upon the exactness and vivacity of the conceptive faculty, which we might call the true stethoscope. Whether we are distinctly conscious of the fact or not, it may be proved that this IDEALITY, or power of calling up images of visible objects, is the broad basis of our mental operations, of whatever kind, and whether ordinary or professionalwhether philosophical or imaginative.


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 On this ground then it is natural to inquire whether any means may be employed, during the course of education, for enriching this prime faculty, and for enhancing its appliancy and energy. Now while it is admitted that a liberal education does, of itself, secure these ends to a great extent, I confidently think that much more may be effected in this particular than is often attempted. The culture of the Reason, and of the Imagination, and the training of the mind for special engagements, demand a commencement of the process to be made in the culture of the conceptive faculty.

Although not directly related to the subject of intellectual culture, I cannot altogether omit to refer to the important fact that the immediate object of the emotions and passions is, in a large proportion of instances, something which is supplied by the mind itself from the stores of its conceptions: it is around the ideas of things and persons that the deepest affections of the soul, as well as its most refined sentiments, revolve. The condition therefore of the mind, in regard to its Ideality, powerfully influences its moral state; and it may safely be said that a mind full stored with rational and agreeable materials, or, as we may say, pre-occupied, is indirectly secured against the intrusion of many dangerous tendencies ; while this same pre-occupation consists well with the activity of all the benevolent and gentle sympathies. This subject is too copious a one to be here pursued; but a passing reference to it may serve to give the greater weight to the suggestions that are to follow.

The hints I have to offer in the present chapter might be arranged under three heads, the first comprehending what relates to the means proper for giving vivacity and precision to the conceptive faculty, WHILE THE OBJECTS UPON WHICH IT IS EMPLOYED ARE ACTUALLY PRESENT: the second, including whatever bears upon its operations


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 IN THE ABSENCE OF THOSE OBJECTS; and the third, embracing the means to be used for establishing a ready and perfect correspondence between LANGUAGE and the conceptive faculty. Nevertheless a somewhat less formal method may best insure brevity, in treating the first and second of the above-named subjects; although the last must be separately considered.

It might seem very natural to take it for granted that the truth and vivacity of the ideas treasured in the mind, if not the command which it afterwards exercises over them, must be proportioned to the exactness and activity of the faculty of observation; or to the degree of attention that is given to whatever passes before the eye. But I do not think it is so in fact; for one meets with very nice observers, and with persons who, when questioned on particular points, are able to supply the most precise information; but whose conceptive faculty is nevertheless poor, cold, and feeble. On the other hand some, nor are the instances rare, al-though they observe vaguely, yet not only live in a world of rich conceptions, but can paint to the life, I mean in words, whatever they have seen, or have heard described.

The habit and power of nice observation is doubtless an important object of culture, and I shall have occasion to speak of it hereafter; but the vigour and vivacity of the conceptive faculty appears to be in great measure irrespective of it, and to depend more directly upon the strength of the emotions of which the mind is naturally susceptible. This seems in fact to be the law of the conceptive powerThat the vividness of its impressions are directly as the force or intensity of the emotions which may be at work at the time when such impressions are received. The recollection of this principle of the human mind goes far in regulating the practical measures of a systematic home education. Many familiar facts establish what we now affirm, and show that it is feeling, in its various degrees and kinds,


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250 We crossed from the east end of Long Island to New London, about thirty miles, in a large open boat; while we were out, the wind rising high, the waves several times beat over us, so that to me it appeared dangerous, but my mind was at that time turned to Him who made and governs the deep, and my life was resigned to him; as he was mercifully pleased to preserve tis I had fresh occasion to consider every day as a day lent to me, and felt a renewed engagement to devote my time, and all I had, to him who gave it.

We had five meetings in Narraganset, and went thence to Newport on Rhode Island. Our gracious Father preserved us in an humble dependence on him through deep exercises that were mortifying to the creaturely will. In several families in the country where we lodged, I felt an engagement on my mind to have a conference with them in private, concerning their slaves; and through Divine aid I was favored to give up thereto. Though in this concern I differ from many whose service in travelling is, I believe, greater than mine, yet I do not think hardly of them for omitting it; I do not repine at having so unpleasant a task assigned me, but look with awfulness to him who appoints to his servants their respective employments, and is good to all who serve him sincerely.

We got to Newport in the evening, and on the next day visited two sick persons, with whom we had comfortable sittings, and in the afternoon attended the burial of a Friend. The next day we were at meetings at Newport, in the fore-noon and afternoon; the spring of the ministry was opened, and strength was given to declare the Word of Life to the people.

The day following we went on our journey, but the great number of slaves in these parts, and the continuance of that trade from thence to Guinea, made a deep impression on me, and my cries were often put up to my Heavenly Father in secret, that he would enable me to discharge my duty faith-fully in such way as he might be pleased to point out to me.

We took Swansea, Freetown, and Taunton in our way to Boston, where also we had a meeting; our exercise was deep, and the love of truth prevailed, for which I bless the


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Rh Lord. We went eastward about eighty miles beyond Boston, taking meetings, and were in a good degree preserved in an humble dependence on that arm which drew us out; and though we had some hard labor with the disobedient, by laying things home and close to such as were stout against the truth, yet through the goodness of God we had at times to partake of heavenly comfort with those who were meek, and were often favored to part with Friends in the nearness of true gospel fellowship. We returned to Boston and had another comfortable opportunity with Friends there, and thence rode back a day’s journey eastward of Boston. Our guide being a heavy man, and the weather hot, my companion and I expressed our freedom to go on without him, to which he consented, and we respectfully took our leave of him; this we did as believing the journey would have been hard to him and his horse.

In visiting the meetings in those parts we were measurably baptized into a feeling of the state of the Society, and in bowedness of spirit went to the Yearly Meeting at Newport, where we met with John Storer from England, Elizabeth Shipley, Ann Gaunt, Hannah Foster, and Mercy Redman, from our parts, all ministers of the gospel, of whose company I was glad. Understanding that a large number of slaves had been imported from Africa into that town and were then on sale by a member of our Society, my appetite failed, and I grew outwardly weak, and had a feeling of the condition oi Habakkuk, as thus expressed, "When I heard, my belly trembled, my lips quivered, I trembled in myself, that I might rest in the day of trouble." I had many cogitations, and was sorely distressed. I was desirous that Friends might petition the Legislature to use their endeavors to discourage the future importation of slaves, for I saw that this trade was a great evil, and tended to multiply troubles, and to bring distresses on the people for whose welfare my heart was deeply concerned. But I perceived several difficulties in regard to petitioning, and such was the exercise of my mind that I thought of endeavoring to get an opportunity to speak a few words in the House of Assembly, then sitting in town.

This exercise came upon me in the afternoon on the


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484

Charles Baron Clarke, Esq., F.L.S., Fellow of Queen's College, Cambridge, Barrister-at-law, Dacca, Hindoostan; and Flaxman Charles John Spurrell, Esq., Belvedere, S.E., were elected Fellows.

The following commnnications were read:—

circumstances under which chipped implements, similar in form to those occurring in the gravels of Western Europe, are found over a considerable part of Southern India are very interesting, as they appear to prove that great changes in the physical geography of the Indian peninsula have taken place since the time when the implement-makers first inhabited the country.

By far the greatest number of the chipped-stone implements have been found in close connexion with the laterite deposits of the eastern coast. Many implements were found in situ, buried in the laterite; and many more lay scattered over the surface of the laterite, from which they had evidently been weathered out. A considerable number also were collected off the surface of underlying older rocks, in places where laterite deposits had once existed, but had subsequently been almost entirely removed by denudation, and had often left but faint traces, in the shape of scattered debris. Other implements, again, have been discovered on the surface in other parts of the country, where no distinct traces could be seen of the formations from which they might have been weathered out. Whatever may have been the nature of these latter deposits, the great elevation at which they occur above the lower country precludes, in the absence of any evidence to the contrary, the idea that they were of the same marine origin as the coast laterite.

It is not at all improbable that they may once have been enveloped in freshwater deposits which have since been destroyed by denuding agencies, while only the heaviest included bodies, such as the coarse shingle and implements, were left behind as evidences of the former existence of such formations.

Besides the above, a few implements have also been found in un- questionably fluviatile formations; but none have been obtained from any deposits known to be more ancient than the laterite, nor have the younger alluvia, whether marine or fluviatile, yielded any that could not be shown to have been washed down from immediately adjoining lateritic beds.

The position occupied by the laterite along the coast is that of a belt running parallel with the general coast-line, but broken through


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252 second day of the Yearly Meeting, and on going to bed I got no sleep till my mind was wholly resigned thereto. In the morning I inquired of a Friend how long the Assembly was likely to continue sitting, who told me it was expected to be prorogued that day or the next. As I was desirous to attend the business of the meeting, and perceived the Assembly was likely to separate before the business was over, after considerable exercise, humbly seeking to the Lord for instruction, my mind settled to attend on the business of the meeting; on the last day of which I had prepared a short essay of a petition to be presented to the Legislature, if way opened. And being informed that there were some appointed by that Yearly Meeting to speak with those in authority on cases relating to the Society, I opened my mind to several of them, and showed them the essay I had made, and after-wards I opened the case in the meeting for business, in substance as follows:

"I have been under a concern for some time on account of the great number of slaves which are imported into this colony. I am aware that it is a tender point to speak to, but apprehend I am not clear in the sight of Heaven with-out doing so. I have prepared an essay of a petition to be presented to the Legislature, if way open; and what I have to propose to this meeting is that some Friends may be named to withdraw and look over it, and report whether they believe it suitable to be read in the meeting. If they should think well of reading it, it will remain for the meeting to consider whether to take any further notice of it, as a meeting, or not." After a short conference some Friends went out, and, looking over it, expressed their willingness to have it read, which being done, many expressed their unity with the proposal, and some signified that to have the subjects of the petition enlarged upon, and signed out of meeting by such as were free, would be more suitable than to do it there. Though I expected at first that if it was done it would be in that way, yet such was the exercise of my mind that to move it in the hearing of Friends when assembled appeared to me as a duty, for my heart yearned towards the inhabitants of these parts, believing that by this trade there had been an increase of inquietude amongst them, and way


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Rh had been made for the spreading of a spirit opposite to that meekness and humility which is a sure resting-place for the soul; and that the continuance of this trade would not only render their healing more difficult, but would increase their malady.

Having proceeded thus far, I felt easy to leave the essay amongst Friends, for them to proceed in it as they believed best. And now an exercise revived in my mind in relation to lotteries, which were common in those parts. I had mentioned the subject in a former sitting of this meeting, when arguments were used in favor of Friends being held excused who were only concerned in such lotteries as were agreeable to law. And now, on moving it again, it was opposed as before; but the hearts of some solid Friends appeared to be united to discourage the practice amongst their members, and the matter was zealously handled by some on both sides. In this debate it appeared very clear to me that the spirit of lotteries was a spirit of selfishness, which tended to confuse and darken the understanding, and that pleading for it in our meetings, which were set apart for the Lord’s work, was not right. In the heat of zeal, I made reply to what an ancient Friend said, and when I sat down I saw that my words were not enough seasoned with charity. After this I spoke no more on the subject. At length a minute was made, a copy of which was to be sent to their several Quarterly Meetings, inciting Friends to labor to discourage the practice amongst all professing with us.

Some time after this minute was made I remained uneasy with the manner of my speaking to the ancient Friend, and could not see my way clear to conceal my uneasiness, though I was concerned that I might say nothing to weaken the cause in which I had labored. After some close exercise and hearty repentence for not having attended closely to the safe guide, I stood up, and, reciting the passage, acquainted Friends that though I durst not go from what I had said as to the matter, yet I was uneasy with the manner of my speaking, believing milder language would have been better. As this was uttered in some degree of creaturely abasement after a warm debate, it appeared to have a good savor amongst us.


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254 The Yearly Meeting being now over, there yet remained on my mind a secret though heavy exercise, in regard to some leading active members about Newport, who were in the practice of keeping slaves. This I mentioned to two ancient Friends who came out of the country, and proposed to them, if way opened, to have some conversation with those members. One of them and I, having consulted one of the most noted elders who had slaves, he, in a respectful manner, encouraged me to proceed to clear myself of what lay upon me. Near the beginning of the Yearly Meeting, I had had a private conference with this said elder and his wife, concerning their slaves, so that the way seemed clear to me to advise with him about the manner of proceeding. I told him I was free to have a conference with them all together in a private house; or if he thought they would take it unkind to be asked to come together, and to be spoken with in the hearing of one another, I was free to spend some time amongst them, and to visit them all in their own houses. He expressed his liking to the first proposal, not doubting their willingness to come together; and, as I proposed a visit to only ministers, elders, and overseers, he named some others whom he desired might also be present. A careful messenger being wanted to acquaint them in a proper manner, he offered to go to all their houses, to open the matter to them,and did so. About the eighth hour the next morning we met in the meeting-house chamber, the last- mentioned country Friend, my companion, and John Storer being with us. After a short time of retirement, I acquainted them with the steps I had taken in procuring that meeting, and opened the concern I was under, and we then proceeded’ to a free conference upon the subject. My exercise was heavy, and I was deeply bowed in spirit before the Lord, who was pleased to favor with the seasoning virtue of truth, which wrought a tenderness amongst us; and the subject was mutually handled in a calm and peaceable spirit. At length, feeling my mind released from the burden which I had been under, I took my leave of them in a good degree of satisfaction; and by the tenderness they manifested in regard to the practice, and the concern several of them expressed in relation to the manner of disposing of their negroes after


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Rh their decease, I believed that a good exercise was spreading amongst them; and Il am humbly thankful to God, who supported my mind and preserved me in a good degree of resignation through these trials.

Thou who sometimes travellest in the work of the ministry, and art made very welcome by thy friends, seest many tokens of their satisfaction in having thee for their guest. It is good for thee to dwell deep, that thou mayest feel and understand the spirits of people. If we believe truth points towards a conference on some subjects in a private way, it is needful for us to take heed that their kindness, their freedom, and affability do not hinder us from the Lord’s work. I have experienced that, in the midst of kindness and smooth conduct, to speak close and home to them who entertain us, on points that relate to outward interest, is hard labor. Sometimes, when I have felt truth lead towards it, I have found myself disqualified by a superficial friendship; and as the sense thereof hath abased me, and my cries have been to the Lord, so I have been humbled and made content to appear weak, or as a fool for his sake; and thus a door hath been opened to enter upon it. To attempt to do the Lord’s work in our own way, and to speak of that which is the burden of the Word, in a way easy to the natural part, doth not reach the bottom of the disorder. To see the failings of our friends, and think hard of them, without opening that which we ought to open, and still carry a face of friendship, tends to undermine the foundation of true unity. The office of a minister of Christ is weighty. And they who now go forth as watchmen have need to be steadily on their guard against the snares of prosperity and an outside friendship.

After the Yearly Meeting we were at meetings at New-town, Cushnet, Long Plain, Rochester, and Dartmouth. From thence we sailed for Nantucket, in company with Ann Gaunt, Mercy Redman, and several other Friends. The wind being slack we only reached Tarpawling Cove the first day; where, going on shore, we found room in a public-house, and beds for a few of us,the rest slept on the floor. We went on board again about break of day, and though the wind was small, we were favored to come within about four miles of Nantucket; and then about ten of us got into


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256 our boat and rowed to the harbor before dark; a large boat went off and brought in the rest of the passengers about midnight. The next day but one was their Yearly Meeting, which held four days, the last of which was their Monthly Meeting for business. We had a laborious time amongst them; our minds were closely exercised, and I believe it was a time of great searching of heart. The longer I was on the Island the more I became sensible that there was a considerable number of valuable Friends there, though an evil spirit, tending to strife, had been at work amongst them. I was cautious of making any visits except as my mind was particularly drawn to them; and in that way we had some sittings in Friends’ houses, where the heavenly wing was at times spread over us, to our mutual comfort. My beloved companion had very acceptable service on this island.

When meeting was over we all agreed to sail the next day if the weather was suitable and we were well; and being called up the latter part of the night, about fifty of us went on board a vessel; but, the wind changing, the seamen thought best to stay in the harbor till it altered, so we returned on shore. Feeling clear as to any further visits, I spent my time in my chamber, chiefly alone; and after some hours, my heart being filled with the spirit of supplication, my prayers and tears were poured out before my Heavenly Father for his help and instruction in the manifold difficulties which attended me in life. While I was waiting upon the Lord, there came a messenger from the women Friends who lodged at another house, desiring to confer with us about appointing a meeting, which to me appeared weighty, as we had been at so many before; but after a short conference, and advising with some elderly Friends, a meeting was appointed, in which the Friend who first moved it, and who had been much shut up before, was largely opened in the love of the gospel. The next morning about break of day going again on board the vessel, we reached Falmouth on the Main before night, where our horses being brought, we proceeded towards Sandwich Quarterly Meeting.

Being two days in going to Nantucket, and having been there once before, I observed many shoals in their bay, which make sailing more dangerous, especially in stormy nights;


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HEN rowing on the open sea, The waves, all capped with white, Roll onward, like the fleecy clouds With their resistless might; Truly a wondrous sight!

The real name of this poet was Tadamichi Fujiwara, mentioned in connexion with, who retired from the world and entered the church. He was the father of the author of, and is supposed to have died in the year 1164, at the age of sixty-eight.

The ‘pillow-word’ hisakata, here used in connexion with the clouds, is referred to in the note to.


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Rh also, that a great shoal, which encloses their harbor, prevents the entrance of sloops except when the tide is up. Waiting without for the rising of the tide is sometimes hazardous in storms, and by waiting within they sometimes miss a fair wind. I took notice that there was on that small island a great number of inhabitants, and the soil not very fertile, the timber being so gone that for vessels, fences, and firewood, they depend chiefly on buying from the Main, for the cost whereof, with most of their other expenses, they depend principally upon the whale fishery. I considered that as towns grew larger, and lands near navigable waters were more cleared, it would require more labor to get timber and wood. I understood that the whales, being much hunted and sometimes wounded and not killed, grow more shy and difficult to come at. I considered that the formation of the earth, the seas, the islands, bays, and rivers, the motions of the winds, and great waters, which cause bars and shoals in particular places, were all the works of Him who is perfect wisdom and goodness; and as people attend to his heavenly instruction, and put their trust in him, he provides for them in all parts where he gives them a being; and as in this visit to these people I felt a strong desire for their firm establishment on the sure foundation, besides what was said more publicly, I was concerned to speak with the women Friends in their Monthly Meeting of business, many being present, and in the fresh spring of pure love to open before them the advantage, both inwardly and outwardly, of attending singly to the pure guidance of the Holy Spirit, and therein to educate their children in true humility and the disuse of all superfluities. I reminded them of the difficulties their husbands and sons were frequently exposed to at sea, and that the more plain and simple their way of living was the less need there would be of running great hazards to support them. I also encouraged the young women to continue their neat, decent way of attending them-selves on the affairs of the house; showing, as the way opened, that where people were truly humble, used themselves to business, and were content with a plain way of life, they had ever had more true peace and calmness of mind than they who, aspiring to greatness and outward show, have grasped

9 HC—Vol. 1


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HE rock divides the stream in two, And both with might and main Go tumbling down the waterfall; But well I know the twain Will soon unite again.

The town of Kamakura, where is the great bronze image of Buddha Amida, was built by this Emperor, who reigned 1124–1141; he was then forced by his father, the ex-Emperor Toba, to abdicate in favour of his brother, the Emperor Konoye; afterwards he entered the church, and died in the year 1164, an exile in the Province of Sanuki. This verse is intended to suggest the parting of two lovers, who will eventually meet again.


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ETWEEN Awaji and the shore The birds scream in their flight; Full oft they’ve made the Suma Guard Toss through a sleepless night, Until the morning light.

The writer was the son of Kanesuke, and died about the year 1112. Chidori are snipe or plovers, but here are apparently meant for seagulls. Awaji is a large island in the Inland Sea, near Kobe, and Suma is a point on the mainland in the Province of Settsu, immediately opposite.


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258 hard for an income to support themselves therein. And as I observed they had so few or no slaves, I had to encourage them to be content without them, making mention of the numerous troubles and vexations which frequently attended the minds of the people who depend on slaves to do their labor.

We attended the Quarterly Meeting at Sandwich, in company with Ann Gaunt and Mercy Redman, which was preceded by a Monthly Meeting, and in the whole held three days. We were in various ways exercised amongst them, in gospel love, according to the several gifts bestowed on us, and were at times overshadowed with the virtue of truth, to the comfort of the sincere and stirring up of the negligent. Here we parted with Ann and Mercy, and went to Rhode Island, taking one meeting in our way, which was a satisfactory time. Reaching Newport the evening before their Quarterly Meeting, we attended it, and after that had a meeting with our young people, separated from those of other societies. We went through much labor in this town; and now, in taking leave of it, though I felt close inward exercise to the last, I found inward peace, and was in some degree comforted in a belief that a good number remain in that place who retain a sense of truth, and that there are some young people attentive to the voice of the Heavenly Shepherd. The last meeting, in which Friends from the several parts of the quarter came together, was a select meeting, and through the renewed manifestation of the Father’s love the hearts of the sincere were united together.

The poverty of spirit and inward weakness, with which I was much tried the fore part of this journey, has of late appeared to me a dispensation of kindness. Appointing meetings never appeared more weighty to me, and I was led into a deep search, whether in all things my mind was re-signed to the will of God; often querying with myself what should be the cause of such inward poverty, and greatly desiring that no secret reserve in my heart might hinder my access to the Divine fountain. In these humbling times I was made watchful, and excited to attend to the secret movings of the heavenly principle in my mind, which prepared the way to some duties that in more easy and


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EE, how the wind of autumn drives The clouds to left and right, While in between the moon peeps out, Dispersing with her light The darkness of the night.

Aki-suke died about the year 1155. More-izuru literally means, that the light of the moon ‘leaks out’; the verse is a charming example of a Japanese picture-poem. Probably the first word of the verse was purposely made to coincide with the poet’s first name in sound, although the two words are written with different characters in the original.


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Y doubt about his constancy Is difficult to bear; Tangled this morning are my thoughts, As is my long black hair. I wonder—Does he care?

Lady Horikawa was the daughter of the First Adviser of State, Sane-kyo, who lived about the year 1142. In this verse she is anxiously pondering, how long her lover will continue to be true to her; and she discovers, that her ideas on the subject are as tangled and disordered as her hair is.


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Rh times as to the outward, I believe I should have been in danger of omitting.

From Newport we went to Greenwich, Shanticut, and Warwick, and were helped to labor amongst Friends in the love of our gracious Redeemer. Afterwards, accompanied by our friend John Casey from Newport, we rode through Connecticut to Oblong, visited the meetings in those parts, and thence proceeded to the Quarterly Meeting at Ryewoods. Through the gracious extendings of Divine help, we had some seasoning opportunities in those places. We also visited Friends at New York and Flushing, and thence to Rahway. Here our roads parting, I took leave of my beloved companion and true yokemate Samuel Eastburn, and reached home the 10th of eighth month, where I found my family well. For the favors and protection of the Lord, both inward and outward, extended to me in this journey, my heart is humbled in grateful acknowledgments, and I find renewed desires to dwell and walk in resignedness before him.


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text:
Author:Tulsidas

Works

 * The Rámáyana of Tulsi Dás (tr. 1883)

title: Author:Tulsidas


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text:
Author:Alexander Sergeyevich Griboyedov

Works

 * Го́ре от ума́, (1823)
 * Translated as Gore ot Ouma by Benardaky (1857)
 * Translated as The Misfortune of Being Clever by Pring (1914)
 * Translated as The Mischief of Being Clever by Pares (1925)

title: Author:Alexander Sergeyevich Griboyedov


text: Category:Hindi-English as translator

title: Category:Hindi-English as translator


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Five primary pests cause most of the insect damage to grain in storage and shipment. These are the granary weevil, the rice weevil, the maize weevil, the lessor grain borer or Australian wheat weevil, and the Angoumois grain moth. Other insect species or groups of species described in this handbook can cause great damage to grain if storage conditions are unusually favorable for their increase. Yet, if grain in the unbroken kernel remains unaffected by the five primary pests, it is not likely that any other insect will damage it appreciably in commercial storage or shipment, except possibly the khapra beetle. The secondary pests are mostly surface feeders in both the adult and larval stages. Some of them may eat into kernels of grain and lie hidden there, but most of them feed on grain dust or broken surfaces of kernels exposed by either mechanical injury to the grain in handling or by feeding of the five primary grain pests with which they are usually associated. Therefore the secondary pests can be largely removed by grain-cleaning operations.

Except for the lessorlesser [sic] grain borer, the larvae or grubs of the primary insect pests are not ordinarily capable of a free existence outside the kernel. they live entirely within the kernel, where they feed unseen and usually unsuspected. They cannot be removed by ordinary cleaning machinery and must be controlled by other means.

Stored Grain Insect Reference


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Author:Samuel William Pring

Translations

 * The Misfortune of Being Clever by Griboyedov (1914)
 * The Psychology of the Musico-creative Process by Sabaneyev (1928)
 * The Biological Bases of the Evolution of Music by Kryzhanovsky (1928)
 * Igor Stravinsky's Les Noces by Belaiev (1928)
 * Musorgsky's 'Boris Godunov' and its new version by Belaiev (1928)
 * Sergei Koussevitzky and His Era by Lourié (1931)
 * Music for the Films by Sabaneyev (1935)
 * History of Russian Music (2008)

title: Author:Samuel William Pring


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Stored Grain Insect Reference


text: Frenzied Fiction

title: Frenzied Fiction


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Stored Grain Insect Reference


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 442 OUR FORTUNE.

He stood a moment picking nervously at some withered leaves on my geraniums, as one uncer- tain how to express himself; then he spoke ab- ruptly.

“Mrs. Lawrence, Scripture does not tell us so, but don’t you imagine that if the Good Samaritan ever got into trouble, he who fell among thieves was the first to offer him aid and sympathy? Well, as I stand in much the same relation to you, will you not tell me the cause of your distress, and let me, at least, try to mitigate it?”

This was the longest speech I had ever heard the old man make. He spoke awkwardly, hesi- tatingly, but there was no mistaking the genuine pity expressed in his words. I had been chok- ing back the tears for weeks, but at this kind touch they burst forth like an imprisoned flood; and amidst my sobs I poured out a history of our troubles to one whom 7 instinctively felt was not only an interested listener, but a friend in adversity.

For awhile he allowed me to indulge my grief unchecked. Then leaving the geranium, and taking a seat near me, he told me something that dried my eyes and brought the long-ban- ished smiles back to my face. But, as it was be a secret for awhile, even from my husband, I will let the reader wait a little for an expla- nation.

The early weeks of December sped by without bringing any improvement in our affairs. I had begged that we should not move until after Christmas; and though the weekly rent was a heavy strain on Harry’s slender savings, the morning preceding that great festival found us still in our old quarters.

“Harry,” said I, as breakfast over, he began to prepare for another weary march, “I wish you'd leave me some money, I want to bake a Christmas-cake.”

Harry opened his eyes wide in astonishment that I, who had been so rigidly economical, should wish to rush into such extravagance; but he evidently had not the heart to refuse me, for he took out his pocket-book at once—a very flaccid pocket-book it had become!

“There, Bess, that’s the lot!” he said, smiling sadly, as he placed a ten-dollar note, a two, and some small change upon the table.

Poor fellow! I could scarcely refrain from throwing my arms around his neck, and reveal- ing that which I most desired to keep a secret. However, I conquered my weakness, and said, calmly,

“Well, I'll take the two-dollar bill; I guess I can make that do.”

Harry looked at me a moment, with an ex- pression in which consideration for me, and thoughtful prudence, were strangely mingled; then, with some hesitation, he said,

«Do you think it is wise, Bess, to do this just now, when everything is so high, and nothing coming in? And the rent will be due in a few days, too.”

“I don’t care!” I interrupted, recklessly, “Christmas comes but once a year, and I am determined to have the cake.”

My husband said no more; and as soon after his departure as I could get my breakfast- things cleared away, and the necessary ma- terials procured, I began operations. Little Vivia, perched up in her dinner-chair at the table, was vastly interested in seeing the sugar, eggs, and flour, conglomerated into the smooth, yellow mass, (I wish she took as much interest in such work now;) and when later, the whites of the eggs, which I had reserved for icing, were beaten into snow-like foam, she screamed with delight. In a spoonful of this icing, which I saved for ornamentation, I mixed a pinch of cochineal, and the legend that I traced in rose- colored letters on the pure white crust, was the  old, old Christmas-anthem, “Peace on earth,  good-will to men!”

That evening, after baby had gone to sleep, nation. and I had slipped a few sticks of candy, and a homemade dolly into her little stocking. I went across to help the Grobes dress their Christmas tree.

Those who imagine that happy Christmas heavy strain on Harry’s slender savings, the} comes in its fullest enjoyment only to the rich, morning preceding that great festival found us} are vastly mistaken. True, my neighbors had still in our old quarters. no twenty-dollar walking-dolls, or automatic “Harry,” said I, as breakfast over, he began: cars and steamboats, with which to decorate to prepare for another weary march, “I wish} their festal-tree; but the loving cheerfulness

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 244 what God is well pleased with, and doth approve in us, scil. that which he perswadeth with arguments in themselves forcible to move and incite, and what he will performe, if we make good the condition. We adde, that the party invited is passively capable of the invitation, that no man of what state or condition soever is hindred or kept backe from comming to Christ by any cause efficient or deficient out of man himselfe, which doth either constraine or necessitate his not comming: and he that refuseth to come, refuseth not through inability, as unable, though unwilling and desirous to imbrace it, but willingly preferring some base inferiour good before it. But this argueth only the sufficiency of Christs death, that all men should be saved, if they did believe, and the efficiency thereof, that the members of the visible Church should be invited seriously, and those that be effectually called should inherit the promise.

It will be said, to what purpose are they called and invited, if they be as unable to come, as a dead man is to arise and walke. True it is, every man is of himselfe unable by nature to come unto Christ, and God doth enable whom he please: but this inability is not from any impossibility that is without man himselfe, either in respect of the thing commanded, or any externall cause, or bruite necessity and disposition, but from his voluntary perversenesse, which is most blame-worthy. The comparison may be admitted, if rightly interpreted, otherwise it is captious: for sinne is the death of the soule not physicall, but morall: Man by sin looseth not the faculty of understanding, and willing, but of understanding and willing aright, as in duty he is bound, the object being propounded and revealed with fit and convenient light. It is not therefore all one to invite a sinner to forsake the errour of his way, and call upon a dead man to arise out of the grave. The Lord who doth whatsoever he will in heaven above, and in earth beneath, in his deepe and unsearchable counsell never absolutely intended to make every man actually and effectually partakers of the benefit promised, for if he had so purposed it, it should have taken effect: neverthelesse, the invitation is serious, shewing what we ought to doe, and God doth approve and desire on our parts: and the purpose of God to give faith to whom he please, and not to all men, is no cause of any mans unbeliefe, either efficient or deficient. For that man believeth, this he oweth unto God, and


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Since the establishment of Federal standards for grain under the pro-visions of the Grain Standards Act, Federal grain supervisors and federally licensed grain inspectors have been required to identify the various species of “live weevils and other insects injurious to stored grain” which may be present in the grain. For accurate identification, uniform names should be used by all interested persons, including shipper, purchaser, and elevator operator.

Of the five primary insect pests, the granary weevil, the rice weevil, the maize weevil, and the lesser grain borer may well be called grain weevils. The fifth primary pest, the Angoumois grain moth, so destructive to wheat and corn, may be called a grain moth. Other insects likely to be found in grain may be called simply beetles, moths, and meal-worms. Their presence usually does not indicate a condition likely to affect the grain trade, if the grain, after it has reached the elevator, is screened and fanned to remove these insects.

This handbook briefly describes the biology, life histories, and habits of stored-grain insects and gives effective methods for the prevention and control of grain infestations.

Grain weevils, grain borers, grain moths, flour moths, grain and flour beetles, mealworms, dermestid beetles, spider beetles, miscellaneous beetles, booklice or psocids, silverfish, cockroaches, flour or grain mites, and parasites of grain pests are discussed.

 Of the five true weevils that attack grain in the United States, only three are of primary importance—the granary weevil, the rice weevil, and the maize weevil. Except locally, the broadnosed grain weevil and the coffee bean weevil are of minor importance. All but the coffee bean weevil have elongated beaks or snouts, as shown in figures 1, 3, and 4. Stored Grain Insect Reference


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 Rh

that not simply alone, but comparatively in respect of others, who believe not: but that man refuseth the promises of mercy, this is of himselfe, not of simple or naturall infirmity, which might procure pity, but of his owne perversenesse, and love to some inferiour good, different from the good proposed, or contrary to it, and aversenesse from the circumstances and conditions of the object proposed.

They aske, what signe doth God shew of desire or approvall that men should believe, when he gives them not power so to doe. This that he commandeth, intreateth, perswadeth them to repent and believe, waiteth with long-suffering and patience for their amendment, promiseth mercy if they will returne, convinceth them of their wilfulnesse, and though he change not their hearts by the effectuall worke of his Spirit, is wanting to them in nothing, which in justice or promise he is bound to give, specially when their impenitency is not from lack of grace, but from perversenesse. If this satisfie them not, let them answer themselves, how God doth will the repentance of them that be cast off, and left to the hardnesse of their hearts? How he doth will, desire and approve the conversion of such as he hath blinded and hardened for their sins, even when they are so blinded and hardened; as of Caine, who was of the wicked one, and slew his brother, because God had respect unto his sacrifice, and of the Jews, whose eyes were closed, and hearts hardened, that they should not convert.

How is it imaginable, say they, that impossible should be the object of Gods desire or approvall? The answer is given already, impossible in it selfe, or in respect of the unreasonablenesse of the thing commanded, is not the object of Gods desire, approvall or commandment: but an impossible thing to us in respect of ou• perversenesse, may be and is the object of Gods commandment, and so of his approvall and desire, as he doth will and desire what he doth command. Doth not God exact of the Gentiles given up to the vanity of their minds, that they should seeke him in the way, wherein he will be found, if they would be saved, when they have not meanes sufficient to bring them to the knowledge of the truth, nor grace to believe? Doth not the Lord command, approve, and desire the conversion of many obstinate, impenitent persons living in the Church, who have and doe abuse the meanes


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 OUR FORTUNE. 443

and I was glad to see Harry rouse from his melancholy to smile at my effort at decoration.

He cut two golden wedges, and was just going to lay down the knife, when I stopped him.

“Cut another, Harry,” I said. “There’s a dear.”

He glanced at me a little suspicious. “For baby? Maybe she won’t waken tonight again. Besides, it ain’t good for her.”

“Not for baby,’ I answered, with a little quiver in my voice that I could not subdue, “for the poor old man up in the garret. Oh, Harry! we are poor, but we have each other. Think what it must be to be all alone, with no one to remind him of the holy season; no voice to wish him a ‘Happy Christmas;’ and as I spoke, I pointed to the inscription within the wreath, ‘Peace on earth, good-will to men!”

Harry did not need much persuasion. His is not a nature to bear malice; besides, the sharp winds of adversity which had blown around us lately, had, in a great measure, dispelled the clouds of prejudice and suspicion through which he formerly viewed our unsocial neighbor.

Leaving Vivia sleeping sweetly, we ascended the stairs, knocked, and were cordially welcomed by the old gentleman. It was quite a contrast to the last time we had gone there together. We had evidently been expected; and Harry noticing this, looked at me for explanation; but I strove to appear perfectly innocent and unconscious, though, in my confusion, I almost forgot to offer the plate of cake I held in my hand—the ostensible object of our visit.

After the usual compliments of the season had been exchanged, and when the conversation begun to grow genial and unconstrained, our host asked if he might relate a portion of his history, and we acquiescing, he began:

“I cannot remember the period when I was not a dreamer, nor, on the other hand, can I recollect a time when there was not method in my madness. From my earliest boyhood I have been possessed of a mania for invention—that insatiable craving which leads so many, I had almost said innocently, to ruin. It was this uncontrollable propensity that made me a careless scholar, a burden and mortification to my  friends, and finally drove me forth a self-exiled wanderer on the earth. And yet, looking back now, I think I can say truly, that my wildest dreams were never unmingled with the hope; of improving my kind—of aiding struggling humanity.

“I will not weary you by speaking of the early and unsettled portion of my career. It contained the usual chaotic mass of boyish schemes, and is as well forgotten. For the last fifteen years I have had one definite object before me, which I have steadily pursued amid such buoyant hopes and crushing defeats, anxious longing and grinding poverty, as those who have followed a similar ignis fatuus may know.

At last,” and here the old man’s eyes flashed with the true fire of genius, ‘at last success has come; but, like all earthly success, it comes too late—too late, at least, to admit of my carrying it forward unaided, as I once hoped to do. My desire, therefore, is to obtain a young and active partner; and knowing, Mr. Lawrence, that you are at present unemployed, I have ventured to hope that I might find such in you. I may add, frankly, that it is less any knowledge I have of your character and ability, than my grateful friendship for your wife which prompts the proposal; and now, if you have no objection, will you look at my model?”

Slowly, almost reverently, as one approaches a shrine, he lifted the old checked cover, and there, in all its curious combination of polished wood and burnished metal, stood the finished dream of fifteen years.

‘What was it?” did you say? I wish I might tell you—I would like to; but you know, ever since Americus Vespucius, instead of Columbus, gained the credit of finding this continent, there has been danger in talking loosely about discoveries; besides, Harry might not like it. Let it suffice to say, that it was not a humbug; that it was one of those great labor-saving blessings which, in these latter days, are always at hand to counterbalance the vials of wrath poured forth by the angel of the Apocalypse, and then imagine it to be whatever machine affords you the most comfort and delight. Perhaps it is its cheery, busy presence in your home that now gives you leisure to read my story.

It certainly seemed a very curious piece of mechanism, as we examined it there by candle- light. As the immortal Mr. Weller would have said, there were ‘‘Veals within veals;” and, altogether, it was far beyond my comprehension.

But Harry caught the idea at once, and, what was of more importance, recognized the availability; and, long after I had gone down stairs to baby, he sat discussing ways and means with his attic-neighbor.

There was another surprise for us all, which came out a day or two later; when the talk about the invention having given place to more desultory conversation, some of our kind old friend’s remarks concerning his youth, led Harry to recognize him as the runaway uncle of whom his mother had often spoken. As her

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text:
Author:Bernard Pares

Works

 * Russia and Reform (1907)
 * Day by Day with the Russian Army (1915)
 * The League of Nations (1919)
 * The Mischief of Being Clever (1925)
 * A History of Russia (1926)
 * Krylov's Fables (1926)
 * My Russian Memoirs (1931)
 * Moscow admits a Critic (1936)
 * The Fall of the Russian Monarchy (1939)
 * Russia (1940)

title: Author:Bernard Pares


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Page:A Treatise of the Covenant of Grace (John Ball).djvu/258

 246

of grace, whom for their former and present contempt he doth blind and harden, whose condemnation is aggravated by this, that they have, and doe live under great and good teaching? Doth not the Law exact perfection of them who are under the Law, when it is impossible by reason of the infirmity of the flesh? Is not the rebellion of the flesh repugnant to the Law of God, from which it is impossibeimpossible [sic] to be freed in this life? In the Covenant of grace, perfection of faith and obedience is commanded, otherwise imperfection should not be a sinne: but that is impossible to man, whilest he carries about this body of sin. And if impossible be not the object of Gods will in this sence, he that by custome in evill hath contracted an habit, that he cannot but sin, should not offend, and he that is carried with most violence of mind unto evill, should be least evill.

They demand further, how could God approve that such should repent and believe, as doe not these things from him, and by the power of his grace, who therefore might glory, as he would have no creature to doe? 1 Cor. 1. 30. And it is a most sure thing, God would have no creature to glory in himselfe, and most true, that faith will not, cannot glory in any thing, but in the Lord, and therefore we acknowledge that God of his grace hath chosen some men to faith and holinesse, as in justice he purposed to leave and forsake others for their sin. For if God decreed not to give men faith and repentance, he is not the authour of them. For God doth nothing in time, but what he decreed to doe before all time. To exclude boasting it sufficeth not to say, that God gives grace, whereby we might believe, if we will, specially if we use our naturall gifts well: for that makes ability to believe only to be of God, and that in part procured by our selves, but faith and repentance to be from the free use of our owne will, whereby we are distinguished from others which believe not, to whom God wished as well, and who received as much grace from God, perhaps more. See ''Groven.Grevin. [sic] dissert. de elect. &ex [sic] fid. praevis.'' But leaving that matter for the time, to the objection the answer is plaine, that as God commandeth wicked men to repent and believe, so he testifieth what he doth desire and approve, but with-holding the internall and effectuall working of his Spirit, they will not repent through their perversenesse. As it is a duty which God requireth, so it is approved, but without his grace it cannot be


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444 UNDER THE HEMLOCKS. marriage took place after her brother’s departure, our name had never suggested any relationship to the old man; and his astonishment at finding that he had been unwittingly aiding his nearest kin, was as great as ours in learning that for our renewed comfort and prosperity we were not indebted to a stranger.

As may be supposed, it made us all very happy to know that to the ties of business and sympathy was added that of consanguity, making a three-fold bond of union.

We did move after Christmas; but it was to a comfortable brick house on Vine street, which, when success and fortune became more assured, we exchanged for our present home on the Avenue.

It is, I suppose, almost unnecessary to say that our kind benefactor, or uncle Charley, as we now called him, accompanied us, or that it became one of the deepest studies of our lives to repay, in some measure, the debt of gratitude we owed him, by striving to obliterate, through home-cheer and fire-side joy, all remembrance of those long years of exile and loneliness.

And we succeeded; for though, as he realized, his day of active exertion was past, it was followed by the peaceful calm of old age; that tender twilight of the silver-haired, illumined by the morning-star of memory and Aurora- gleams of a coming glory.

Now, too, the absorbing, consuming passion of his life seemed to be quenched, or displayed itself only in the invention of toys for the children; especially after Charley, his namesake, arrived, and had reached an age when he could appreciate perfection in kites, and almost perpetual-motion in humming-tops.

As he grew older, and more feeble, he seemed to grow also daily more and more gentle. And, paradoxical as it may appear, though his heart ever beat true to the purest evangelical faith,  he always cherished an idea of a glorified hu manity; which, though not redeemed, was, at least, to be reclaimed and elevated by the genius of invention, and the progress of science.

This seeming contradiction became clear at last. He had been gradually failing, but his faculties were as bright, and his interest in public advance as keen as ever, when the end came. We were sitting in his room, and I thought that he was dropping to sleep, when Harry, who was reading the evening paper, knowing that the announcement for which he had longed would please him, read aloud the queen’s message; the first telegram flashed over ocean wires the inscription on my cake, Peace on earth, good-will to men!”

Instantly the fire of enthusiasm gleamed in his sunken eye, as he exclaimed, ‘My God, I thank thee!” And taking up the eloquence of Isaiah, “And the Gentiles shall come to thy light, and kings to the brightness of thy rising!” Then folding his hands as one who is satisfied, this faithful servant, who had welcomed each achievement of science as a step toward the final triumph of his Master, with the glad flush of victory still on his cheek, passed on into the fuller joy of his Lord.

Years have passed away, but the name of uncle Charley is not forgotten in our home. Often, as Harry and I look around upon our children, growing up amid all the advantages of culture and refinement, we feel our hearts glowing with loving remembrance of him whom, besides a kind friend and tender relative, we must always regard as the founder of our FORTUNE.

UNDER THE HEMLOCKS.

BY ELLIS YETTE. THE Soft October sun looked down On the sloping hills and the distant town; And across the valley, and under the hill, Lazily hummed the droning mill; The trees were purple, and flame, and gold, With a beauty gorgeous to behold ; And through the valley, gleaming bright, The river wound in silvery light; And softly, gently, the sunbeams crept Under the hemlocks, where we met.

The air was still, not the faintest breeze Stirred the depths of those hemlock trees; The clear, slant sunbeams fell across The softest beds of greenish moss; And here and there, on the mottled green, A gold or crimson leaf was seen, Like a sweet word said, and then forgot, Or a pure, but unremembered thought; There, where the sunbeams softly crept, Under the hemlocks, where we met.

The quiet brook that murmured by, Flowed to the sea without a sigh; The sweet bird singing overhead, Might come again when frosts were dead; But who can gather up again A love that has been poured in vain? Or bring again the golden rays That crowned our hopes in other days? Or feel the sunbeams then that crept Under the hemlocks, where we met?

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446 PONTO'S FIRST LESSON.

personage you are. Do you intend to be married before the year is out?"

"Perhaps I shall, " responded Hetty, loftily.

"Well, Miss, before that auspicious event comes off, perhaps you'll condescend to finish this sewing. "

"I don't feel like sewing ; I wanted to go with with the girls this afternoon-I'd set my heart on it. If I'd done anything to deserve your treating me so - so - cruel, " sobbed Hetty. "Take this work and finish it before dark, " said aunt Bab, her conscience making her voice harsh.

"I won't," cried Hetty, flatly; then grew frightened at her own temerity.

"That's your gratitude for all my kindness, is it? That's your thanks for my lavender silk that I got altered for you ? Go to your roommarch up stairs. Oh ! what will you come to, Hetty Edwards ! I should think you'd be afraid your mother ' d turn in her grave."

An allusion to her mother always broke down the strong will of poor Hetty. In a moment she was subdued, and walked humbly up stairs. But she was not prepared to hear the key turn in the lock on the outside.

Then her willful temper returned : she shook the door, and shouted out of the window ; but the spinster walked calmly down the gardenpath, quite sure that she had done her duty.

She leisurely put up a placard on the gatepost- Board for a single gentleman. "

After this she went over to widow Black's, to talk scandal, I am afraid.

Every summer that same old placard had secured the single gentleman, who, in spite of the ancient maiden's arts, insisted on going away single.

Hetty saw the last of the faded green calash, and stood at the window panting with rage.

"I'll swing down by the post, " she said, opening the window upon a diminutive balcony. She dried her eyes, and tied her curls up in a bunch on the top of her head with a bit of twine. " I'll see if I'm to be treated so for a whim. I don't believe that woman can be my mother's sister." Then she wrapped a pillow- case round one arm, and her apron round the other. She climbed over the low paling, worked with hands and feet till she had secured a hold on the corner pillar that supported it, and went down with a force that almost shook the breath out of her body.

That was well done ," cried a voice.

Hetty screamed and looked up in a fright Before her stood a tall man, with laughing black eyes, plainly visible under large, green spectacles.

"I should say you were accustomed to that mode of traveling," the man remarked ; but his smile was kind, for this queer apparition of a young girl had the most beautiful face he had ever seen.

"No, it's my first attempt," replied Hetty, demurely.

" For the novelty of the thing, I suppose. ”

"I couldn't get out any other way. Aunt Bab locked me up."

"Then I am to infer that aunt Bab and Miss, Miss- "

"Hetty," said the girl, promptly.

"Are not on the best of terms, " said he, finishing his sentence.

"We get along well enough most times -__” and here Hetty paused. Was it proper to talk thus freely to a stranger ? He divined her thoughts.

"I saw a notice on your gate that a gentleman could get board here. "

"Are you single ?" asked Hetty, with such rustic simplicity that the man turned away, for a moment, to hide a smile.

"I am, fortunately, ” he said.

"You're just the one, then. Walk right in; aunt Bab will be so glad!" and forgetting all her wrongs, Hetty sprang into a low window and unbolted the door. It looked very cool and comfortable in that broad, country kitchen. The cupboard was open a little ways, and the china dishes, Miss Barbara's pride, glistened in snowy array. The bright melon was on a dish, looking cool and tempting ; and a pile of white napkins stood near. It was ironing-day, the clothes-horse was filled with shining linen ; the floor, newly scoured, looked fresh and spotless. If the whole thing had been arranged for special effect, aunt Bab could not have studied up a more interesting domestic picture. The pretty parlor was not less inviting. Roses stood on the center-table-cleanliness and fragrance were apparent everywhere.

If ever mortal was taken by surprise, certainly aunt Bab was on her return, for she saw a fine, tall gentleman sitting in the parlor, and Hetty coolly doing the honors, with her head tied up like a wild Injun," she afterward remarked. At her aunt's approach, Hetty's wrongs occurred to her, and she marched out of the room like a queen in a tragedy.

The matter was quietly arranged. The gentleman's name was Barstow. He liked his room -references were exchanged; and when Miss Bab was left by herself, she cast one rapid

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Author:August Theodor Blanche

Works

 * Banditen (1848), tr. by Selma Borg and Marie A. Brown as The Bandit (1872)
 * "He Was Too Good" tr. by Olga Flinch in The Universal Anthology (1899)

title: Author:August Theodor Blanche


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Yūsareba Kado-da no inaba Otozurete Ashi no maroya ni Aki kaze zo fuku.


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Oto ni kiku Takashi no hama no Adanami wa Kakeji ya sode no Nure mo koso sure.


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Takasago no Onoe no zakura Saki ni keri Toyama no kasumi Tatazu mo aranan.


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Ukari keru Hito wo Hatsuse no Yama-oroshi Hageshikare to wa Inoranu mono wo.


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Chigiri okishi Sasemo ga tsuyu wo Inochi nite Aware kotoshi no Aki mo inumeri.


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Wada no hara Kogi idete mireba Hisakata no Kumoi ni magau Okitsu shira nami.


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Se wo hayami Iwa ni sekaruru Taki-gawa no Warete mo sue ni Awan to zo omou.


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Awaji shima Kayou chidori no Naku koe ni Iku yo nezamenu Suma no seki-mori.


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Aki kaze ni Tanabiku kumo no Taema yori More-izuru tsuki no Kage no sayakesa.


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Nagakaran Kokoro mo shirazu Kuro kami no Midarete kesa wa Mono wo koso omoe.


text: Education and Art in Soviet Russia/Document 26


text: Education and Art in Soviet Russia/Part 5


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Rh By means of these values, I have calculated the mean alteration of temperature that would follow if the quantity of carbonic acid varied from its present mean value ($\text{K}=1$) to another, viz. to $\text{K}=0.67$, $1.5$, $2$, $2.5$, and $$3$$ respectively. This calculation is made for every tenth parallel, and separately for the four seasons of the year. The variation is given in

A glance at shows that the influence is nearly the same over the whole earth. The influence has a minimum near the equator, and increases from this to a flat maximum that lies the further from the equator the higher the quantity of carbonic acid in the air. For $$\text{K}=0.67$$ the maximum effect lies about the 40th parallel, for $$\text{K}=1.5$$ on the 50th, for $$\text{K}=2$$ on the 60th, and for higher $\text{K}$-values above the 70th parallel. The influence is in general greater in the winter than in the summer, except in the ease of the parts that lie between the maximum and the pole. The influence will also be greater the higher the value of $$\nu$$, that is in general somewhat greater for land than for ocean. On account of the nebulosity of the Southern hemisphere, the effect will be less there than in the Northern hemisphere. An increase in the quantity of carbonic acid will of course diminish the difference in temperature between day and night. A very important secondary elevation of the effect will be produced in those places that alter their albedo by the extension or regression of the snow-covering (see p. ), and this secondary effect will probably remove the maximum effect from lower parallels to the neighbourhood of the poles.

It must be remembered that the above calculations are found by interpolation from Langley's numbers for the values $$\text{K}=0.67$$ and $\text{K}=1.5$, and that the other numbers must be regarded as extrapolated. The use of Pouillet's formula makes the values for $$\text{K}=0.67$$ probably a little too small, those for $$\text{K}=1.5$$ a little too great. This is also without doubt the case for the extrapolated values, which correspond to higher values of $\text{K}$.

We may now inquire how great must the variation of the carbonic acid in the atmosphere be to cause a given change of the temperature. The answer may be found by interpolation in To facilitate such an inquiry, we may make a simple observation. If the quantity of carbonic acid decreases from $$1$$ to $0.67$, the fall of temperature is nearly the same as the increase of temperature if this quantity augments to $1.5$. And to get a new increase of this order of magnitude (3°.4), it will be necessary to alter the quantity of carbonic acid till it reaches a value nearly midway between $$2$$ and $2.5$.


text: Education and Art in Soviet Russia/Document 27


text: Education and Art in Soviet Russia/Document 28


text: Education and Art in Soviet Russia/Document 29


text: Education and Art in Soviet Russia/Document 30


text: Education and Art in Soviet Russia/Part 6


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Rh created a Bishop and a Saint: on this point there will be opinions and opinions.

Lactantius, four centuries before, had laughed at the antipodes in a manner which seems to be ridicule thrown on the idea of the earth's roundness. Ptolemy, without reference to the antipodes, describes the extent of the inhabited part of the globe in a way which shows that he could have had no objection to men turned opposite ways. Probably, in the eighth century, the roundness of the earth was matter of thought only to astronomers. It should always be remembered, especially by those who affirm persecution of a true opinion, that but for our knowing from Lactantius that the antipodal notion had been matter of assertion and denial among theologians, we could never have had any great confidence in Virgil really having maintained the simple theory of the existence of antipodes. And even now we are not entitled to affirm it as having historical proof: the evidence goes to Virgil having been charged with very absurd notions, which it seems more likely than not were the absurd constructions which ignorant contemporaries put upon sensible opinions of his,

One curious part of this discussion is, that neither side has allowed Pope Zachary to produce evidence to character. He shall have been an Urban, say the astronomers; an Urban he ought to have been, say the theologians. What sort of man was Zachary? He was eminently sensible and conciliatory; he contrived to make northern barbarians hear reason in a way which puts him high among that section of the early popes who had the knack of managing uneducated swordsmen. He kept the peace in Italy to an extent which historians mention with admiration. Even Bale, that Maharajah of pope-haters, allows himself to quote in favour of Zachary, that 'multa Papalem dignitatem decentia, eademque præclara (scilicet) opera confecit.' And this, though so willing to find fault that, speaking of Zachary putting a little geographical description of the earth on the portico of the Lateran Church, he insinuates that it was intended to affirm that the Pope was lord of the whole. Nor can he say how long Zachary held the see, except by announcing his death in 752, 'cum decem annis pestilentæ sedi præfuisset.'


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26 There was another quarrel between Virgil and Boniface which is an illustration. An ignorant priest had baptized "in nomine Patria, et Filia et Spiritua Sancta." Boniface declared the rite null and void; Virgil maintained the contrary; and Zachary decided in favour of Virgil, on the ground that the absurd form was only ignorance of Latin, and not heresy. It is hard to believe that this man deposed a priest for asserting the whole globe to be inhabited. To me the little information that we have seems to indicate—but not with certainty—that Virgil maintained the antipodes: that his ignorant contemporaries travestied his theory into that of an underground cosmos; that the Pope cited him to Rome to explain his system, which, as reported, looked like what all would then have affirmed to be heresy; that he gave satisfactory explanations, and was dismissed with honour. It may be that the educated Greek monk, Zachary, knew his Ptolemy well enough to guess what the asserted heretic would say; we have seen that he seems to have patronised geography. The description of the earth, according to historians, was a map; this Pope may have been more ready than another to prick up his ears at any rumour of geographical heresy, from hope of information. And Virgil, who may have entered the sacred presence as frightened as Jacquard, when Napoleon I. sent for him and said, with a stern voice and threatening gesture, 'You are the man who can tie a knot in a stretched string,' may have departed as well pleased as Jacquard with the riband and pension which the interview was worth to him.

A word more about Baronius. If he had been pope, as he would have been but for the opposition of the Spaniards, and if he had lived ten years longer than he did, and if Clavius, who would have been his astronomical adviser, had lived five years longer than he did, it is probable, nay almost certain, that the great exhibition, the proceeding against Galileo, would not have furnished a joke against theology in all time to come. For Baronius was sensible and witty enough to say that in the Scriptures the Holy Spirit intended to teach how to go to Heaven, not how Heaven goes; and Clavius, in his last years, confessed that the whole system of the heavens had broken down, and must be mended.

The manner in which the Galileo case, a reality, and the Virgil case, a fiction, have been hawked against the Roman see are enough to show that the Pope and his adherents have not eared much about physical philosophy. In truth, orthodoxy has


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text: Tristram (Robinson)/Canto 4

title: Tristram (Robinson)/Canto 4


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 PONTO'S FIRST LESSON, 447

glance in the little mirror. Her steel-gray eyes were luminous—at the prospect of gain, per- haps—and she whispered to herself, ‘How handsome he is—and just old enough!”

Mr. Barstow came, and to Hetty’s delight brought a piano, which Miss Bab was very willing should be put in her parlor. He treated Hetty as if'she had been his little daughter. Presently, to her aunt’s astonishment, as well as her own, he was teaching the child to play, and he found in his pupil much enthusiasm, and some genius. Meantime, was not Hetty the happiest girl alive? She cared little for com- panions and out-door pleasures now; under the magic influence of the new boarder, she applied herself to study with a zest she never knew be- fore. And more than that, she grew careful of her appearance; and at the end of April, some seven months after Mr. Barstow had come, people had, somehow, began to call her Miss Hetty. She was sixteen; and very tall of her Everybody but her aunt considered her § beautiful—to her she was still only a little child.

One night Mr. Barstow received a letter, and after he had read it, he mused awhile, then said that business called him to the city; he should start on the next day.

“I shall leave my piano for Hetty to take care of,” he said to Bab, who could not get over her youthful notions, and had been dressing, smiling, and talking at him ever since he had first made his appearance.

As for Hetty, the whole world grew suddenly dark to her; she turned pale, and her breath came short.

“It may be that, by August, my nephew will take the room I vacate, Miss Barbara,” he said.

“I shall welcome him, sir, for your sake,” said aunt Bab; and went out to look at her pies that were browning in the oven. Presently she came back; Hetty and Mr. Barstow were both absent; the latter had gone for a walk; and poor little Hetty was sobbing upon her pillow in her own room.

The next morning everybody was stirring early.

“I hope we shall see you back again,” said Miss Barbara, as her boarder stood in the little hall, carpet-bag in hand.

“You will see my nephew, if not myself,” he answered. “I can conscientiously recommend your housekeeping, Miss Barbara; you will be  a treasure to him who becomes the fortunate possessor of your hand and heart. If I were not so old a man,” he added, gallantly.

“Dear land!” cried Miss Bab, interrupting him, “I don’t call a man old under eighty.”

“I shall consider that a compliment, Miss Barbara. Now if this little girl will carry this small parcel to the gate for me;” and Hetty, her heart beating fast, and her eyes full of tears, took the package.

“Well, I never!” cried aunt Bab to herself, “if that girl ain’t higher’n his shoulder; but then I s’pose she seems like a daughter to him. Dear me! to think he should say if he were not so old a man. I hope he sees that I am not fishing for a husband.”

Hetty reached the gate a little before Mr. Barstow, and stood looking up the village street with a very queer feeling in her throat.

“I wonder if it will be a comfort to you, my child, to know how miserably I shall miss you,” said Mr. Barstow.

“And I’m sure I shall miss the—the walks down to the point, and the piano-playing, and— and ——

“Me?” asked Mr. Barstow, softly, looking straight at the shoemaker’s sign opposite.

“Yes, of course, you,” said the girl, with a heroic attempt at a laugh, which sounded dismally like a sob at the end.

“Do you know that half reconciles me to going?” he murmured, with his old, tender smile. ‘But then I shall send that nephew to look after you a little. Good-by, there’s the stage; keep up your practice; above all, don’t forget me, little one.”

He stooped a moment, touched her forehead with his lips, and hurried off, leaving her stand- ing there, both grieved and glad.

She was roused by the sharp voice of aunt Bab.

‘Well, now he’s gone, I hope I shall get some attention. I’m half dead with hard work.”

Hetty knew what she had to expect now. There was no kind Mr. Barstow to comfort her —no money coming in. It must be the old life of drudgery, with occasional pauses for practice, and very little time for herself.

“How impudent he spoke this morning,” said aunt Bab, when they talked of him over their work. ‘I dare say he considers himself a young man; he’s forty-six, if he’s a year.”

“No, indeed!” cried Hetty, aghast.

“Yes, I tell you, child; look at his wig.”

“Wig!” Hetty’s face was a study.

“Very cunningly done, my dear, but still a wig, which, with spectacles, insures him for forty-six. Just think of people talking about him and me bein’ engaged! A man can't show any attention to a young woman but every tongue must be wagging. I’m independent of the world’s opinion, however, thank my stars,

�

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text: Index:The Stephenson Family (1906).pdf

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Want of a knowledge of the history of my ancestors and their families induces me to write this genealogical sketch. I am of the opinion that many of us do not know the names of all our parents' brothers and sisters, to say nothing of our grandparents' brothers and sisters. This ought not to be the case. If some one of the Stephenson family, one hundred and twenty-five years ago, had written something similar to this little work, it would now be of very great interest to generations of descendants. If I had now a written statement in regard to the life, manners, customs, names and place of residence of my ancestors and their kin, it would afford me a source of information which is forever lost.

It is not necessary that such a statement should be printed, but written in order to preserve the chirography of the writer. The paper might be pasted in this history, or placed in the family Bible with the family records. Thus it could be preserved for ages. Every day that passes, the paper will be one day older, and the older the paper becomes the more value is attached to it. The paper never dies. But the older it becomes the more lively it grows in interest. I suspect this booklet will be read a hundred years hence.

It will be impossible in a book of this size to mention even the names of all the relatives with whom I am personally acquainted. But I would advise that each relative paste some blank leaves in his book, on which he can write the names, and such family history as he may wish.

His writing, with what the book contains, will make the genealogical sketch of his own family tolerably complete.

I hope that some one of the relatives will, revise and enlarge this little Book, give a fuller history of the various families; also give a history of the country which the ancestors occupied and of the times in which they lived. A very extensive and interesting Book could be written on this line.


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The ancestors, or parent stock, will be considered, then their children and grandchildren in rotation, down to the present time, in like manner with the rest. But the European relatives will not be so considered.

J. C. STEPHENSON 336 McCallie Avenue, Chattanooga, Tennessee.

January, 1906.


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I, J. C. Stephenson, the fifth son and the sixth child of William Watson Stephenson and his wife, Melinda Johnston, late residents of Lawrence County, Alabama, am about to write a short genealogical sketch of my ancestors; also of some of their descendants. This is made at Chattanooga, Tennessee, in the year 1905, after the writer had passed his eighty-third birthday. But it is not to be inferred that he was at the time of writing eighty-three years old.

To trace the genealogy of ancestors long since dead, without records, is an undertaking attended by many difficulties and some uncertainties. Young people do not care for nor appreciate the importance of genealogical history, but when the young have become old, they in vain seek such history. But the sources of information from which they might have obtained such history have been removed. Old people after death, tell no history, unless it be found on their tombstones. Would that I had made inquiry when I might have done so with much profit in knowledge.

As far back as we can trace our forefathers is to Henry Stephenson, a shepherd, who was born about the year 1698. The first part of the eighteenth century, he lived at Ricalton, in the parish of Oxnam, Roxburgh County, Scotland, six miles from the city of Jedburgh. There are some conflicting accounts as to the members of his family. But all accounts agree that he reared six children, and that Robert was the


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 oldest, and Henry, born 1745, was the youngest son. One account is that Henry Stephenson reared six sons. Robert, the date of whose birth is not known, nor is there any record to be found by which the date of his birth can be ascertained, was the oldest. The names of the next four sons of Henry Stephenson are not known, nor the dates of their birth. But the sixth son of Henry Stephenson was born at Bloody Laws and baptized February 27, 1745, in Oxnam church. The family were Presbyterians. The son, Henry, remained in Scotland. He was a tailor. From circumstances it is indicated that Robert, Henry's oldest son, was born about the year 1723. Another account is that Henry Stephenson reared four sons and two daughters. This account makes Robert the oldest, and Henry the youngest of the sons of Henry Stephenson of Ricalton, Scotland. This account makes Robert the oldest son and gives the date of Henry's baptism the same as the other account. But it says there were two sisters and four brothers, and it gives their names and the dates of their births except in the case of Robert. This account makes Jane, the second child, born 1736. It is generally believed the first account is the correct one. There is also an account of a John Stephenson, who reared a family about the same time and in the same county. The names of John's children are common to the Stephenson name then and now. He most likely was a brother to Henry.

There has been much search made in Ayrshire and Roxburgh Counties, Scotland, the former home of the Stephensons, for the history of the ancestors of George Stephenson, since he became celebrated as the builder and promoter of the first locomotive engine and railroad in the world. But meager results have followed


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 the investigations. Robert Stephenson, Henry's son, will be designated as Robert Stephenson, 1st, and his son, Robert, as Robert Stephenson, 2d.

One noted characteristic of the Stephenson family is a lack of clannishness. They are possessed of an independent pioneering spirit. They have no desire for fame. The young men leave home when they become of age and "paddle their own canoes," neglecting their old homes and associates in too great a degree. Robert Stephenson, 1st, seems to have been that sort of a man, and his children possessed of the same disposition. The same traits attach to their descendants in America to this day. When Robert, 1st, grew to manhood he disappeared. He is next found near Ballymoney, in County Antrim, in the north part of Ireland. This was about 1743. He was then a young married man, and living on a small farm.

Circumstances indicate that the second son of Henry Stephenson, the shepherd, was James Stephenson, and that he settled on a little farm, near to his older brother, Robert, 1st, in Ireland. He reared a family there. James' descendants went to America about the year 1785. They settled in Fairfield County, South Carolina, near where their kinspeople had settled in 1772. There was a descendant of this James Stephenson, by name Robert Stephenson, living near Winnsboro, South Carolina. He was a very tall and strong man. He was six feet and nine inches high, and known as the strongest man in the country. He was a quiet, peaceable man. He was known in his neighborhood as Long Robert Stevenson. He was an exemplary man, and a very highly esteemed citizen. One of his sons, Robert Milton Stevenson, is an Associate Reformed Presbyterian minister. He


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 lives with his gentle, affectionate wife and interesting children at Clover, in the northern part of York County, South Carolina. He has in his charge three churches. He is a man of splendid Christian character, a good pastor, and a very excellent man in his calling, standing high in his church, as well as in his community and State.

The name Stephenson originally was spelled with "ph," but sometimes "v" is used and sometimes it is spelled "Stee'nson" and sometimes "Stinson." All these variations are used for and by different families of the same name and origin. The Stephensons on Rocky Creek, in Chester County, were known as Stinsons. Stinson is the Scottish vernacular for Stephenson. William Stephenson, my great-grandfather, and his brother, Capt. James Stephenson, were enrolled in the Colonial army from South Carolina as William and James Stinson. But the proper and original spelling was Stephenson.

Robert Stephenson, 1st, reared a family of five children, three sons and two daughters, at Ballymoney, Ireland. William, the oldest, my great-grandfather, was born about 1744; James was born 1746; Elizabeth was born 1748; Nancy was born 1750, and Robert was born 1752. The early history of this family is not well known by historians, prior to the year 1773. But after George Stephenson, the son of Robert, 2nd, invented the locomotive and promoted its usefulness, 1814 to 1830, the history was sought for, but without much result.

When the children of Robert Stephenson, 1st, grew up they joined the branch of the Presbyterian Church called "Covenanters." The Covenanters were those "who during the seventeenth century bound themselves to establish and maintain the Presbyterian doc-