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 la du junaj Cratchits iris por alporti la anseron, kaj baldaŭ revenis en ĝoja procesio !

Tiel multe ili tumultis, ke vi estus pensinta ke ansero estas inter ĉiuj birdoj la plej kurioza; kaj, kompreneble, en tiu dometo ĝi vere estis malofta. Sinjorino Cratchit varmigis la sukon ; Sinjoreto Peter forte dispremis la terpomojn; Fraŭlino Belinda sukeris la pomsaŭcon; Martha viŝis la varmajn telerojn ; Bob sidigis Etan Tim'on apud lin ĉe la tablo; la du junaj Cratchits metis seĝojn por ĉiuj, por si mem ankaŭ; kaj ili tiam puŝis la kulerojn en siajn buŝojn por ke ili ne kriu antaŭ ol ili laŭviee estos servitaj.

Fine ĉio estis preta, kaj oni petis la benon de Dio. Paŭzo sekvis, dum la sinjorino ekzamenis la tranĉilon kaj sin preparis por enpuŝi ĝin en la bruston de la birdo kaj kiam ŝi tion faris, kiam la internaĵo, elpuŝiĝis, ĉiuj gajiĝis, kaj eĉ Eta Tim, ekscitata, batis la tablon per sia tranĉil-tenilo kaj malforte kriis :

“Hura!”

Neniam oni vidis tian anseron! Bob diris, ke li kredas ke neniam tia ansero estos kuirita! Ĝia moleeo kaj gusto, ĝia amplekso kaj malkareeo, estis temoj de grandega admiro. Kun pomsaŭeo kaj terpomoj, ĝi sufiĉis por la tuta familio ; eĉ, kiel la sinjorino ĝoje diris (rigardante unu malgrandetan atomon ostan sur la plado), ili ne ĝin tute formanĝis fine! Tamen ĉiuj satis.

Sed nun, post kiam la teleroj estis ŝanĝitaj de Fraŭlino Belinda, Sinjorino Cratchit sole forlasis la ĉambron—tro nerva por toleri atestantojn—por iri al la pudingo kaj ĝin enporti. ..

Ho! ĉu ĝi estas sufiĉe kuirita? Cu ĝi ne disrompiĝos, kiam ŝi elturnos ĝin! Ĉu iu ne suprenrampis la muron por ĝin ŝteli, dum ili manĝis la anseron ! Oni imagis ĉiajn specojn de teruraĵoj. . ..

Ho! kiom da vaporo ! la pudingo estis eltirata el


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 regret that the part of Ordonio was disposed of before his appearance at Drury Lane. We have had nothing to be mentioned in the same breath with Remorse for very many years, and I should think that the reception of that play was sufficient to encourage the highest hopes of author and audience."

With the calmer criticism which the lapse of half a century brings, Mr. Swinburne writes of Remorse in these measured terms:—"There is little worth praise or worth memory in the Remorse except such casual fragments of noble verse as may readily be detached from the loose and friable stuff in which they lie imbedded. In the scene of the incantation, in the scene of the dungeon, there are two such pure and precious fragments of gold. In the part of Alhadra there are lofty and sonorous interludes of declamation and reflection. The characters are flat and shallow; the plot is at once languid, violent, and heavy."

In the original Osorio, however, these "fragments of noble verse" are much more numerous and frequent than in the play as remodelled to suit the exigencies of the stage. Speaking of the

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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 la kaserolo. . . odoro kvazaŭ de lavejo! tio estis la pudingtuko. . . odoro simila al tiu de restoracio, de kukejo kaj de lavejo kune ! tio estis la pudingo! . . . Envenis tuj Sinjorino Cratchit, ruĝiĝante kaj ridetante fiere, kun la pudingo, simila al makulita kuglego, tiel malmola, brilanta en brando flamanta, kaj ornamita de ileksa branĉo, kiu supre staris.

Ho! kia mirinda pudingo! Bob Cratchit diris, kaj tre trankvile, ke li ĝin rigardas kiel la plej granda sukceso de la sinjorino de ilia edziĝo! Sinjorino Cratchit diris ke, nun kiam ĉio bone okazis, ŝi konfesas ke ŝi ne ĝuste sciis ĉu la kvanto da faruno estos sufiĉa. Ĉiuj ion diris pri tio, sed neniu diris aŭ pensis ke la pudingo estis tro malgranda por granda familio. Estus herezo ĝin fari. Ciuj hontus havi tian penson !

Fine la tagmanĝo finiĝis; oni forportis la tablotukon, balais la fajrejon, kaj revivigis la fajron. Poste la miksaĵo en la kruĉo estas gustumata kaj perfektigata, oni metis pomojn kaj oranĝojn sur la tablon, kaj multe da kaŝtanoj sur ŝovelilon sur la fajro. Tiam la tuta familio sidiĝis ĉirkaŭ la fajro, kaj apud la kubuto de Bob estis la tuta familia glasaro ... du glasoj kaj unu taso sen tenilo. Tamen ili enhavis la kruĉan miksaĵon tiel bone kiel pokaloj oraj estus ĝin enhavintaj ! kaj Bob disdonis ĝin ĝoje, dum la kaŝtanoj sur la fajro bruege kraketis kaj siblis. Tiam Bob diris : ““ Mi proponas “ Ĝojan Kristnaskon ” al ni ĉiuj, miaj karaj! Dio nin benu!” “Kaj la tuta familio ripetis tion.

“Dio nin benu ! ĉiujn!” diris Eta Tim, laste.

El “ Kristnaska Sonorado” (Christmas Carol).

Esperantigita de MARTYN WESTCOTT.


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204 his limbs almost refusing to bear their weight, he was obliged to take the arm of a friend, and forcing a passage through the crowd, he threw himself into his carriage, and was driven home. He paced the room with hurried steps, and fixed his hands upon his head, as if he were afraid his thoughts were bursting from his brain. Lord Ruthven again before him—circumstances started up in dreadful array—the dagger—his oath.He roused himself, he could not believe it possible—the dead rise again!—He thought his imagination had conjured up the image his mind was resting upon. It was impossible that it could be real—he determined, therefore, to go again into society; for though he attempted to ask concerning Lord Ruthven, the name hung upon his lips, and he could not succeed in gaining information. He went a few nights after with his sister to the assembly of a near relation. Leaving her under the protection of a matron, he retired into a recess, and there gave himself up to his own devouring thoughts. Perceiving, at last, that many were leaving, he roused himself, and entering another room, found his sister surrounded by several, apparently in earnest conversation; he attempted to pass and get near her, when one, whom he requested to move, turned round, and revealed to him those features he most abhorred. He sprung forward, seized his sister’s arm, and, with hurried step, forced her towards the street: at the door he found himself impeded by the crowds of servants who were waiting for their lords; and while he was engaged in passing them, he again heard that voice whisper close to him—“Remember your oath!”—He did not dare to turn, but, hurrying his sister, soon reached home.

Aubrey became almost distracted. If before his mind had been absorbed by one subject, how much more completely was it engrossed, now that the certainty of the monster’s living again pressed upon his thoughts. His sister’s attentions were now unheeded, and it was in vain that she intreated him to explain to her what had caused his abrupt conduct. He only uttered a few words, and those terrified her. The more he thought, the more he was bewildered. His oath startled him;—was he then to allow this monster to roam, bearing ruin upon his breath, amidst all he held dear, and not avert its progress? His very sister might have been touched by him. But even if he were to break his oath, and disclose his suspicions, who would believe him? He thought of employing his own hand to free the world from such a wretch; but death, he remembered, had been already mocked. For days he remained in this state, shut up in his room, he saw no one, and eat only when his sister came, who, with eyes streaming with tears, besought him, for her sake, to support nature. At last, no longer capable of bearing stillness and solitude, he left his house, roamed from street to street, anxious to fly that image which haunted him. His dress became neglected, and he wandered, as often exposed to the noon-day sun as to the midnight damps. He was no longer to be recognized; at first he returned with the evening to the house; but at last he laid him down to rest wherever fatigue overtook him. His sister, anxious for his safety, employed people to follow him; but they were soon distanced by him who fled from a pursuer swifter than any—from thought. His conduct, however, suddenly changed. Struck with the idea that he left by his absence the whole of his friends, with a fiend amongst them, of whose presence they were unconscious, he determined to enter again into society, and watch him closely, anxious to forewarn, in spite of his oath, all whom Lord Ruthven approached with intimacy. But when he entered into a room, his haggard and suspicious looks were so striking, his inward shudderings so visible, that his sister was at last obliged to beg of him to abstain from seeking, for her sake, a society which affected him so strongly. When, however, remonstrance proved unavailing, the guardians thought proper to interpose, and, fearing that his mind was becoming alienated, they thought it high time to resume again that trust which had been before imposed upon them by Aubrey’s parents.

Desirous of saving him from the injuries and sufferings he had daily encountered in his wanderings, and of preventing him from exposing to the general eye those marks of what they considered folly, they engaged a physician to reside in the house, and take constant care of him. He hardly appeared to notice it, so completely was his mind absorbed by one terrible subject. His incoherence became at last so great, that he was confined to his chamber. There he would often lie for days, incapable of being roused. He had become emaciated, his eyes had attained a glassy


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 KRISTNASKO EN SVEDUJO.

La tagoj fariĝas ĉiam pli mallongaj en mia norda patrujo : ĉiam pli frue venas la krepusko. Sed ni ne plendas, ĉar ju pli profunda fariĝas la vintra mallumo, des pli proksima estas Kristnasko, la festo de l' hejmo, de l' infanoj, de l' ĝojo kaj de l' lumo—la festo, kiun ni, Svedoj, amas pli ol ĉiun alian.

Kiom ajn malproksimen ni migradas en la mondo, se estas nur iel eble ni ĉiam revenas por soleni tiun ĉi feston kun nia familio, kaj la grandaj Amerikaj vaporŝipoj ĉiujare rekondukas milojn kaj milojn da Svedoj, kiuj fondis novajn hejmojn trans la oceano. Ili riskas ventegojn kaj ondojn furiozajn, volonte elspezante la monon, kiun tiel malfacile kaj klopode ili akiris, por reiri “la malnovan landon,” kiel karese ili nomas sian karan Svedujon, kaj soleni “Jul” en la hejmo de sia infaneco. La sumo de la poŝtaj mandatoj, kiuj venas el Ameriko, estas tri fojojn pli granda dum la monato Decembro. Se oni ne povas veni mem, oni sendas kiom eble plej multe da mono por ke “la maljunuloj hejme” havu ĝojan Kristnaskon.

Sennombraj estas la preparoj kiujn tiu ĉi festo postulas, kaj la sinjorinoj estas okupataj de l' frua mateno ĝis malfrue nokte dum pli ol du semajnoj antaŭe. La manĝaĵoj estas plej diversaj, sed mi timas ke kelkaj el ili estas tro ekskluzive svedaj por ke ili plaĉu al la gusto internacia. Sufiĉe estas diri, ke en la plej multaj domoj en la kamparo oni buĉas almenaŭ unu porkon kaj unu bovidon, ofte ankaŭ unu bovon. Poste, la tuta domo estas plej bele aranĝita, kaj la metalaj objektoj brilas kiel la suno mem. Dum la lastaj tagoj oni bakas ĉiujn specojn da pano, kukaĵoj taj tortoj, kiuj apartenas al la sveda Kristnaska tablo.

Fine do alvenas la granda tago, la 24$an$ de Decembro, kaj nun ĉio estas preta kaj en la tuta domo regas la sento de infana ĝojo kaj feliĉo, kiu karakterizas


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1819.] lustre;—the only sign of affection and recollection remaining displayed itself upon the entry of his sister: then he would sometimes start, and, seizing her hands, with looks that severely afflicted her, he would desire her not to touch him. “Oh, do not touch him—if your love for me is aught, do not go near him!” When, however, she inquired to whom he referred, his only answer was—“True! true!” and again he sank into a state, whence not even she could rouse him. This lasted many months: gradually, however, as the year was passing, his incoherences became less frequent, and his mind threw off a portion of its gloom, whilst his guardians observed, that several times in the day he would count upon his fingers a definite number, and then smile.

The time had nearly elapsed, when, upon the last day of the year, one of his guardians entering his room, began to converse with his physician upon the melancholy circumstance of Aubrey’s being in so awful a situation when his sister was going next day to be married. Instantly Aubrey’s attention was attracted; he asked anxiously to whom. Glad of this mark of returning intellect, of which they feared he had been deprived, they mentioned the name of the Earl of Marsden. Thinking this was a young earl whom he had met with in society, Aubrey seemed pleased, and astonished them still more by his expressing his intention to be present at the nuptials, and desiring to see his sister. They answered not, but in a few minutes his sister was with him. He was apparently again capable of being affected by the influence of her lovely smile; for he pressed her to his breast, and kissed her cheek, wet with tears, flowing at the thought of her brother’s being once more alive to the feelings of affection. He began to speak with all his wonted warmth, and to congratulate her upon her marriage with a person so distinguished for rank and every accomplishment; when he suddenly perceived a locket upon her breast; opening it, what was his surprise at beholding the features of the monster who had so long influenced his life. He seized the portrait in a paroxysm of rage, and trampled it under foot. Upon her asking him why he thus destroyed the resemblance of her future husband, he looked as if he did not understand her—then seizing her hands, and gazing on her with a frantic expression of countenance, he bade her swear that she would never wed this monster, for heBut he could not advance—it seemed as if that voice again bade him remember his oath—he turned suddenly round, thinking Lord Ruthven was near him, but saw no one. In the meantime the guardians and physician, who had heard the whole, and thought this was but a return of his disorder, entered, and forcing him from Miss Aubrey, desired her to leave him. He fell upon his knees to them, he implored, he begged of them to delay but for one day. They, attributing this to the insanity they imagined had taken possession of his mind, endeavoured to pacify him, and retired.

Lord Ruthven had called the morning after the drawing room, and had been refused with every one else. When he heard of Aubrey’s ill health, he readily understood himself to be the cause of it: but when he learned that he was deemed insane, his exultation and pleasure could hardly be concealed from those among whom he had gained this information. He hastened to the house of his former companion, and, by constant attendance, and the pretence of great affection for the brother and interest in his fate, he gradually won the ear of Miss Aubrey. Who could resist his power? His tongue had dangers and toils to recount—could speak of himself as of an individual having no sympathy with any being on the crowded earth, save with her to whom he addressed himself;—could tell how, since he knew her, his existence had begun to seem worthy of preservation, if it were merely that he might listen to her soothing accents;—in fine, he knew so well how to use the serpent’s art, or such was the will of fate, that he gained her affections. The title of the elder branch falling at length to him, he obtained an important embassy, which served as an excuse for hastening the marriage, (in spite of her brother’s deranged state,) which was to take place the very day before his departure for the continent.

Aubrey, when he was left by the physician and his guardian, attempted to bribe the servants, but in vain. He asked for pen and paper; it was given him; he wrote a letter to his sister, conjuring her, as she valued her own happiness, her own honour, and the honour of those now in the grave, who once held her in their arms as their hope and the hope of their house, to delay but for a few hours, that marriage, on which he denounced the most heavy curses. The


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 tiun ĉi feston. Sed sur ĉiuj vizaĝoj oni rimarkas esprimon de atendo ! La infanoj ĉiuminute elrigardas tra la fenestroj kaj la gepatroj ŝajnas tiel same ekscitataj kiel la junularo. Subite oni aŭdas pezajn paŝojn en la antaŭĉambro, kaj kiam estas malfermita la pordo, jen, oni ĝin vidas la belan, altan, verdan abion, kies krono preskaŭ tuŝas la plafonon, kaj, kune kun tiu ĉi simbolo de eterna espero, Kristnasko eniras niajn hejmojn kaj korojn. La Kristnaska arbo—Julgranen—estas metata en la plej granda ĉambro, kaj ĉiuj estas baldaŭ okupataj por ornami ĝin kun kandeletoj, sukeraĵoj kaj bela artefarita neĝo. Ce ĝia plej alta branĉo flirtadas la sveda flago—blua kun ora kruco.

Poste oni iras al ta tagmanĝo, kiu ĉe tiu ĉi okazo estas metita ne en la manĝoĉambro, sed en la kuirejo, kaj la familio kaj la servantoj kune sidiĝas je la tablo. Sur tiu ĉi troviĝas specimeno de ĉiu pamo bakita, ĉiu manĝaĵo preparita kaj speciala biero, nomata “ Julol.”

Sed en la mezo de la tablo staras granda kupra kaserolo enhavanta la supon, en kiu estis kuirata la ŝinko, kiu, rostita kaj ornamita per multekoloraj rubandoj, nun estas la ĉefa ornamaĵo de la tablo. Ĉiu nun prenas pecon da pano sur sia forko, solene ĝin trempas en la kupran kaserolon kaj manĝas ĝin. Tio ĉi estas tre antikva kutimo, kaj oni ofte nomas la 24an de Decembro “la tago de l' trempado,” kaj la infanoj jam longe antaŭ Kristnasko komencas kalkuli; “nun estas la tago antaŭ la tago antaŭ la tago antaŭ la trempada tago.”

Poste oni eliras por starigi la kutiman faskon da greno sur altan stangon por la birdoj, kaj al la ĉevaloj en la stalo, la brutaro, la kokinoj kaj anasoj — unuvorte, al ĉiuj domaj bestoj - estas donata speciala “festenmanĝo” el aveno kaj tritiko por ke ili ankaŭ sciu “ke nun estas Kristnasko.” En tiu tago oni volas igi ĉiun kaj ĉion feliĉa kaj kontenta, kaj el ĉiu domo oni sendas vestojn, manĝaĵojn kaj


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 kandelojn al la malriĉuloj. Ĉiu sentas kvazaŭ oni ne povus ĝoji se estus iu en la najbaraĵo, kiu estus malsata aŭ havus nenian kandelon por lumigi sian dometon.

Je la sesa horo oni kunvenas en la salonon por trinki teon kaj poste oni babiladas, kantas, ludas la malnovajn Kristnaskajn ludojn, dancas ĉirkaŭ la Kristnaska arbo kaj manĝas pomojn, nuksojn, sekajn vinberojn, figojn kaj diversajn sukeraĵojn. La vespermanĝo konsistas el speciale preparita fiŝo nomata "lutfisk," rizo kaj buterotortoj. Antaŭ ol manĝi la rizon, ĉiu devas diri malgrandan rimon ŝercan, akompanata de la gaja rido de l' aliaj. Poste estas disdonataj la Kristnaskaj donacoj, ĉiu enmetita en sigelitan poŝtaĵon kun la nomo de l' ricevonto kaj ŝerca versaĵeto. Dum la tuta vespero ĉiuj ĉambroj estas feste iluminitaj, ĉar ĉe Kristnasko ne devas esti ombro ia, nek en la domo, nek en la koro. La kristnaska abio estas pli luma ol ĉio alia, kaj en la dolĉaj radioj de ĝiaj kandeletoj oni momente forgesas la konfliktojn de l' ĉiutaga vivo.

La sekvantan matenon oni ofte devas leviĝi je la kvara horo, ĉar en tiu tago Diservo komencas jam je la sesa horo, kaj multaj devas veturi pli ol 10 kilometrojn ĝis la preĝejo. Kiom estas belege, kiam la glitveturilo rapide antaŭen flugas tra l' arbaro neĝokovrita, dum la steloj ankoraŭ briletas sur nokta ĉielo, kaj oni aŭdas la gajan sonon de centoj da sonoriletoj apartenantaj al aliaj glitveturiloj, kiuj el ĉiuj flankoj alvenas la saman preĝejon. En ĉiu domo, eĉ la plej malgranda kaj mizera dometo, la fenestroj estas iluminitaj per du aŭ kvar kandeloj, kies radioj parolas al la preterpasantoj pri la Festo de Lumo kaj Ĝojo. Kaj en la preĝejo eksonas la malnova Kristnaska himno, “ Ni Vin salutas, ho, bela mateno.”

El “Tra la Mondo” la tutmonda ilustrata Revuo esperantista.

Originale verkita de FRAŬLINO ĈEDERBLAD.


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8 We have, moreover, direct personal evidence to his studies in this direction; for Aubrey found him reading Oughtred's Clavis Mathematica, and working the problems when he was no longer a young man. Now his strongest and most irre- fragable argument for the new view of the circu- lation is distinctly numerical. "Supponamus," he says, "quantum sanguinis sinister ventriculus in dilatatione quum repletus sit contineat, sive zij; sive Zjss; ego in mortuo reperi ultra žij;" and further on the problem thus concisely proposed is continued:

"Ita in homine protrudi singulis cordis pulsibus, suppo- namus unciam semis, vel drachmas iij, vel drachmam unam sanguinis, qui propter impedimentum valvularum in cor re- meare non potest. Cor unâ semihorâ plus quam mille pulsus facit. Jam mutiplicatis drachmis videbis unâ semi- horâ, aut millies drachmas tres, vel drachmas duas aut uncias quinquies centum, per cor in arterias transfusam, quæ ma- jor est copia quam in universo corpore contingat reperiri. Quare concludendum si unciam transmissam contingere, libras 83 et Siv in unâ semihorâ transfusas esse de venis in arterias.

He saw distinctly that the heart was simply a double force-pump, propelling an incompressible fluid into an equally double system of tubes; that


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 The delights of Paradise and the spoil of the city were promised them in the event of victory. They were filled with enthusiasm, and from their widespread camp, which was now one blaze of illumination, rose the well-known Moslem shout, "God is God, and Mahomet is His prophet!"

The Greeks now well knew that the assault was immediately impending. They were in no mood to resist it. "We," says Phranza, "could not help admiring the religious fervour of the Turks; we too fasted and prayed, and carried our sacred images in procession." On the evening of that same day the emperor addressed for the last time the scanty band of warriors which would have to bear the brunt of the terrible attack of the morrow. Phranza puts into his mouth a long and elaborate oration, which of course he never delivered. "I almost doubt," says Gibbon, with his characteristic irony, "whether it was pronounced by Constantine." That he spoke some earnest words of exhortation, and reminded them of the duty which they owed their ancient and illustrious city, we have every reason to believe. This done, he rode to the fortifications, and visited the guards, and inspected every point in the long line of defence. Then he went to the Church of St. Sophia, and there, according to the Latin form, he received his last sacrament. Finally he returned to his palace, took leave of the members of his household, and asked forgiveness for any offence he might have ever given them. And then the last of the Cæsars again mounted his horse and rode forth to the ramparts to meet his fate.


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 seven years' standing, I feel I can often detect book knowledge and parrot-like iteration of catchwords learned by rote but not thought out in some voluble but superficial candidate. Indeed, Charles Dickens and Albert Smith (the latter a medical student himself, both acute observers of human nature) have each pilloried flagrant offenders in this direction with the severity and incisiveness of real humour. To these book-read anatomists and schoolboard paradoxists an admirable answer is given in the words, “ Cutt vp as much as may be in præsentiâ, ut cum Historiâ peritia innotescat.” That, with the description, practical experience should arise.

But it is not only the superficial and sciolistic learner who may gather lessons from this remarkable page; there is much that we as lecturers and teachers may take to heart with advantage. “To supply only by speech what cannot be shewn on your own credit and by authority”; also, “observationes proprias et alienas recensere, ad confirmandam propriam opinionem.”

There is often, even at the present day, much


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 MI MEM.

RAKONTITA DE BICIKLO.

Originale verkita de

Mi estas biciklo, kaj (“ne diru ĝin en Gath”) mi apartenas al fraŭlino.

Kiam unue mi alvenis hejmen, el la fabrikejo, mi brilis per emajlo, mi brilegis per nikelo, kaj, kompreneble mi ne havis makuleton da koto sur miaj radĉirkaŭkovriloj, nek da rustaĵo sur miaj radietoj.

Mi estis avida por iri, fortega, vigla, elasta, energia, kaj tamen rigida kaj silenta.

Nun, ho, ve! mia kadro bleketas je ĉiu artiketo, miaj radoj kraketas, miaj radietoj estas ellasaj aŭ eĉ mankaj, mia nikelo malheliĝas aŭ forestas, emajlo, selo, kaj ilsaketo, ĉiuj estas eluzitaj.

Mi alvenis hejmen en la frua parto de la nova jaro. Mi ja estis novjara donaco por mia juna mastrino. Kiel zorge ŝi kutimis min senpolvigi post ĉiu rajdo, kaj viŝi la plej malgrandan makuleton da malseko for de mi, por ke mi ne montru la unuan plej etan signon de rustaĵo.

Hodiaŭ mi staras ekstere, post la domo malpura tiel, kiel mi revenis hejmen de ĉirkaŭkuro antaŭ unu semajno, dum peza tabulo apogas sin kontraŭ miaj radietoj, el kiuj ĉirkaŭ duondekduo mankas.

Unu tagon en Majo, kvin monatojn post mia unua foriro el la fabrikejo, la kuzo de mia mastrino ŝin vizitis, kaj vidante, ke mi apogas min kontraŭ la muro, komencis min surrigardi.

"La antaŭa rado tre ellasiĝis,” li diris.

“Ho! ĉu vere,” estis la respondo. ! "Ĉu ĝi forvenos ?"

Eble ŝi pensis ke mi estas dento! Sed Henĉjo, la kuzo, ekmontris al mia mastrino kiel mi kraketis en la forkoj, kaj li aminde korektis min. Plie, li altlevis


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 into several independent portions. There are now distinctly molecular,- mathematical, industrial, and physiological physics. It is the last of these with which we are concerned. The third or industrial branch has been enormously developed of late by the technical colleges at Bristol, Manchester, the City guilds, at Kensington, and elsewhere. The mathematical branch is well cared for by the two old Universities of Oxford and Cambridge, but the physiological section has been hitherto hardly enough recognised by our teaching bodies. Surely an earnest student should be able somewhere to obtain information as to the natural laws on which the stethoscope, the microscope, the ophthalmoscope and the sphygmograph are founded without having to wade through interminable problems on the C. G. S. system of units, or vortex theories of matter, or—chimera of chimeras—the possibility and advantages of four-dimensional space.

It is to the promotion of this particular branch of study by means of experiment that it is this day my duty to exhort the College. An admirable opportunity exists, for in April of the present


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OTHING would have better pleased me, Mr. President and brother Fellows, than to have revived the ancient and time-honoured custom of a Latin Oration, such as these walls have so often echoed to; and this the more gladly from my belief that the practice tended to maintain the dignity of our College and its reputation for learning. But there is a tide in popular opinion which seems just now to be setting somewhat strongly in a direction opposite to the older and traditional cultivation, and a prepossession abroad


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 de la tero mian malantaŭan radon, kaj, metante sian piedon sur la pedalon, igis rapidege turniĝi la radon.

"Nu!" li ekkriis, “tio ĉi bezonas, ke oni oleu ĝin.”

"Ho! (Ĉu bicikloj do bezonas oleadon ?” estis respondo. ““Kie oni metas ĝin?” Kaj, efektive, mi jam antaŭe soifis, pro seka kurado dum pli ol kvar monatoj !

Nu! mi trinkegis fine, kaj urĝe mi ĝin bezonis ; sed plu devis okazi.

Henĉjo diris, ke io estas malorda je la malsupra artiko.

“ Kiom pli estas malorda, kaj kion ajn vi intencas per ' malsupra artiko ' ?”

"Nu," diris Henĉjo, kaj li daŭrigis klarigante pri konusetoj, globetoj, globetkurejoj, k.t.p.

Sed mia mastrino, mi bedaŭras diri, evidente malestimis ĉion ĉi, kaj ne bonvolis respondi al la rimarkoj de Henĉjo, krom diri al li, ke se ŝi ne multe scias pri bicikloj, estis tre malaminde ĉe li ŝin moki, kaj diri al ŝi, ke oni faras biciklojn per kotono kaj pingloj !

(Ŝi nur dube aŭdis “koteraj pingloj” [cotter pins] ).

Oni malofte min rajdas nune. Mi kutimis stari en vestiblo, sed antaŭ ne longe mia hejmo estis en kelo.

Unu tagon mi aŭdis mian mastrinon diri al amikino, kiu vizitas ŝin por ŝin inviti bicikliri, “Ho! la malnovaĵo bezonas, ke oni ĝin purigu, kaj ŝveligu ĝin, - kaj Ho! enuo ! ni iru rigardadi la butikojn !”

Anonco sur ĵurnalo por biciklistoj: “Biciklo de sinjorino vendebla, malkare. Posedanto forlasanta rajdi. Sin turnu al, k.t.p.”

El “ The British Esperantist.”


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 NASKIĜO DE ESPERANTO.

Presita kun permeso da ambaŭ korespondantoj, en Jaro 1896.

Tradukis el lingvo rusa V.G.

. . . Vi demandas min, kiel aperis ĉe mi la ideo krei lingvon internacian kaj kia estis la historio de la lingvo Esperanto, de la momento de ĝia naskiĝo, ĝis tiu ĉi tago ? La tuta publika historio de la lingvo, t.e. komencante de la tago, kiam mi malkaŝe eliris kun ĝi, estas al Vi pli malpli konata ; cetere tiun ĉi periodon de la lingvo estas nun, pro multaj kaŭzoj, ankoraŭ neoportune tuŝadi; mi rakontos al Vi tial en komunaj trajtoj sole la historion de la naskiĝo de la lingvo.

Estos por mi malfacile rakonti al Vi ĉion, tion ĉi detale, ĉar multon mi mem jam forgesis; la ideo, al kies efektivigo mi dediĉis tutan mian vivon, aperis ĉe mi—estas ridinde ĝin diri—en la plej frua infaneco kaj de tiu ĉi tempo neniam min forlasadis. Tiu ĉi cirkonstanco parte klarigos al Vi, kial mi kun tiom da obstineco laboris super ĝi, kaj kial mi, malgraŭ ĉiuj malfacilaĵoj kaj maldolĉaĵoj, ne forlasadis tiun ĉi ideon, kiel ĝin faris multaj aliaj, laborintaj sur la sama kampo.

Mi naskiĝis en Bjelostoko, gubernio de Grodno, en la jaro 1859. Tiu ĉi loko de mia naskiĝo donis la


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 At early dawn on the twenty-ninth of May the Turkish host rushed to the assault, and Constantinople was menaced alike by sea and land. The gate of St. Romanus, the Charsian Gate, and the Blachern quarter, were the points at which the attack was fiercest. The sultan did not spare his men, and his foremost ranks were driven headlong into the fosse and slaughtered wholesale by the fire and missiles of the garrison. It was a sacrifice he could well afford. For two hours the defence was maintained, and it seemed possible that it might be ultimately successful. Above the din and tumult the emperor's voice, it is said, could be heard, urging a final and decisive effort on behalf of the city. Even at this moment we hear of strife between Giustiniani and the Duke Notaras. The latter had the control of the artillery, and for some cause or other he would not grant the urgent request of the Genoese leader for more guns for the defence of the great breach at the gate of St. Romanus. Meanwhile the famous janissaries, who had not yet been engaged, advanced under the sultan's eye to the attack, and the struggle was now at its height. The defence, it is possible, might have been prolonged, but for an unfortunate accident, to which it was usual with the Greeks to attribute the loss of their city. Giustiniani, on whose presence so much depended, was severely wounded in the hand, it would seem (though our narratives on this point vary), and felt himself obliged to quit his post on the ramparts. According to Phranza, the emperor remonstrated with him and implored him to remain, observing that his wound was but slight. His


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 BIRTH OF ESPERANTO.

Printed, with the permission of both correspondents, in the year 1896.

Translated from the Russian by V.G.

(This English translation is not literal ; it aims to give only the general sense).

". . . You ask me how it was that the idea of creating an international language appeared to me, and what was the history of the Esperanto language from the moment of its birth till today? The whole public history of the language, that is to say, beginning from the day when I openly proclaimed it, is more or less known to yow; further, it is not opportune now, for many reasons, to touch upon this period ; I will therefore relate to you the common features alone of the history of the birth of the language.

«It would be difficult for me to tell you all this in detail, for much of it l have myself forgotten. The idea, to the realisation of which I have dedicated my whole life, appeared to me (it is ridiculous to say it) in my earliest childhood, and from that time never left me. This circumstance will partly explain to you why I have laboured upon the matter with so much obstinacy, and why, in spite of all difficulties and hardships, I have not abandoned this idea, as many others working in the same field have done.

“I was born in Bielstock, in the department of Grodno (Russia), in the year 1859. This place of my


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 beautiful scene from the first draft of the tragedy, the Foster-Mother's Tale, and of another fragment omitted in the drama, but printed in an appendix to the later editions, the poet's surviving son thus writes:—"Both these scenes appear more or less necessary for the perfect understanding of the plot. If there were many such curtailments, or if for the sake of a more rapid action the reflective character of the piece were in any degree sacrificed, it might almost be regretted that the rejected Osorio, for such was the original title, had not been preserved as it came from the author's pen."

Now that the original Osorio is at length given to the world, and placed beyond the chance of future loss, the reader will see that there were many such curtailments, amounting not only to innumerable verbal differences, all the most important of which are indicated in footnotes, but to the omission of whole scenes of great poetic beauty and the entire remodelling of others. Preserved from destruction by one of those strange and unaccountable freaks of chance or fortune which


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 direkton al ĉiuj miaj estontaj celadoj. En Bjelostoko la loĝantaro konsistas el kvar diversaj nacioj : Rusoj, Poloj, Germanoj kaj Hebreoj ; ĉiu el tiuj ĉi elementoj parolas apartan lingvon kaj neamike rilatas la aliajn. Tie pli ol ie la impresema naturo sentas la multepezan malfeliĉon de diverslingveco, kaj konvinkiĝas ĉe ĉiu paŝo, ke la diverseco de lingvoj estas la sola, aŭ almenaŭ la ĉefa kaŭzo, kiu disigas la homan familion, kaj dividas ĝin en malamikajn partojn.

Oni edukadis min kiel idealiston ; oni min instrtuis, ke ĉiuj homoj estas fratoj, kaj dume sur la strato kaj en la domo, ĉio ĉe ĉiu paŝo igis min senti, ke homoj ne ekzistas: ekzistas sole Rusoj, Poloj, Germanoj, Hebreoj, k.t.p. Tio ĉi ĉiam forte turmentis mian infanan animon, kvankam multaj eble ridetos pri tiu ĉi “doloro pro la mondo” ĉe la infano. Ĉar al mi tiam ŝajnis, ke la “grandaĝaj” posedis ian ĉiopovan forton, mi ripetadis al mi, ke kiam mi estos grandaĝa, mi nepre forigos tiun ĉi malbonon.

Iom post iom mi konvinkiĝis, kompreneble, ke ne ĉio fariĝas tiel facile, kiel ĝi prezentiĝas al la infano ; unu post la alia mi forĵetadis diversajn infanajn utopiojn, kaj nur la revon pri unu homa lingvo mi neniam povis forĵeti. Malklare mi iel min tiris al ĝi, kvankam, kompreneble, sen iaj difinitaj planoj. Mi ne memoras kiam, sed en ĉia okazo sufiĉe frue, ĉe mi formiĝis la konscio, ke la sola lingvo povas esti nur ia neŭtrala, apartenanta al neuiu el la nun vivantaj nacioj.

Kiam el la Bjelostoka gimnazio mi transiris en la Varsovian duan klasikan gimnazion, mi dum kelka tempo estis forlogata de lingvoj antikvaj kaj revis pri tio, ke mi iam veturados en la tuta mondo kaj


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 birth gave the direction to all my future aims. The inhabitants of Bielstock are of four different nationalities— Russians, Poles, Germans, and Jews—each of which speaks a separate language, and is on bad terms with the others. 'There, more than anywhere, an impressionable nature feels the heavy misfortune of the diversity of tongues, and becomes convinced at every step that the diversity of language is the only, or at least the chief, cause which separates the human family, and divides it into inimical sections.

“I was brought up as an idealist. I was taught that all men are brothers; meanwhile in the street and at home everything, at every step, compelled me to feel that man does not exist, only Russians, Poles, Germans, Jews, etc. This thought ever deeply troubled (strongly tormented) my boyish mind— although many possibly will smile at this “sorrow for the world” in a child. At that time it seemed to me that the “grown ups” possessed a sort of almighty power, and I repeated to myself that when I was grown up I would without fail do away with this evil.

“Little by little I became convinced, of course, that this thing was not so practicable as it had seemed in my boyhood ; one after the other I cast aside my various childish utopias, only the dream of one single tongue for all mankind I never could dispel. Dimly, although of course without any defined plans, I, in some way, was drawn to it. I do not remember when, but, at all events, sufficiently early, I became conscious that the single language must be in some way neutral, belonging to none of the now-existing nations.

““When I passed from the Bielstock High School to the Second Classical High School, Warsaw, I was for some time allured by the dead languages, and dreamed that some day l would travel through the


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 per flamaj paroloj inklinados la homojn revivigi unu el tiuj ĉi lingvoj por komuna uzado. Poste, mi ne memoras jam kiamaniere, mi venis al firma konvinko, ke tio ĉi estas neebla, kaj mi komencis malklare revi pri nova, arta lingvo. Mi ofte komencadis iajn provojn, elpensadis artifikajn riĉegajn deklinaciojn kaj konjugaciojn, k.t p. Sed homa lingvo kun ĝia, kiel ŝajnis al mi, senfina amaso da gramatikaj formoj, kun ĝiaj centoj da miloj de vortoj, kaj dikaj vortaroj, ŝajnis al mi tia artifika kaj kolosa maŝino, ke mi ne unufoje diras al mi : ““for la revojn ! tiu ĉi laboro ne estas laŭ homaj fortoj,”—kaj tamen mi ĉiam revenadis al mia revo.

Germanan kaj Francan lingvojn mi ellernadis en infaneco, kiam oni ne povas ankoraŭ kompari kaj fari konkludojn ; sed kiam, estante en la 5-a klaso de gimnazio, mi komencis ellernadi lingvon Anglan, la simpleco de la Angla gramatiko ĵetiĝis en miajn okulojn, precipe dank' al la kruta transiro al ĝi de la gramatikoj Latina kaj Greka. Mi rimarkis tiam, ke la riĉeco de gramatikaj formoj estas mur blinda historia okazo, sed ne estas necesa por la lingvo. Sub tia influo mi komencis serĉi en la lingvo kaj forĵetadi la senbezonajn formojn, kaj mi rimarkis, ke la gramatiko ĉiam pli kaj pli degelas en miaj manoj, kaj baldaŭ mi venis al la gramatiko plej malgranda, kiu okupis sen malutilo por la lingvo ne pli ol kelkajn paĝojn. Tiam mi komencis pli serioze fordoniĝi al mia revo. Sed la grandegulaj vortaroj ĉiam ankoraŭ ne lasadis min trankvila.

Unu fojon, kiam mi estis en la 6-a aŭ 7-a klaso de la gimnazio, mi okaze turnis la atenton al la surskribo “Ŝvejcarskaja,” kiun mi jam multajn fojojn vidis, kaj poste al la elpendaĵo “ Konditorskaja. Tiu ĉi “skaja ” ekinteresis min kaj montris al mi, ke


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 seem little short of miraculous, the transcript of Osorio, retained and treated with such contumely by Sheridan, and long supposed to be lost, has come forth from its hiding-place and reached our hands. In giving publicity to this interesting relic of one of the greatest of modern English poets, we shall be doing a service to all who love noble verse, and to all who honour and reverence the name of Samuel Taylor Coleridge.

[The Publisher desires gratefully to acknowledge the kind suggestions received from the poet's son, the Rev. Derwent Coleridge, in the course of the present undertaking.]


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 world, and in flaming words persuade men to revive one of these languages for the common use. Subsequently, I do not now remember how, I came to the firm conviction that this was impossible, and I began, indistinctly, to dream of a new and artificial language. I often made attempts, inventing a profusion of artificial declensions and conjugations, etc. But the language of man, with, as it seemed to me, its endless mass of grammatical forms, its hundreds of thousands of words and ponderous dictionaries, appeared to me such an artificial and colossal machine that I more than once exclaimed-—'Away with dreams! this labour is beyond human powers—and nevertheless I always returned to my dream.

“In childhood (before I could make comparisons or work out conclusions) I had learnt French and German, but when, being in the 5th class of the gymnasium, I began to study English, the simplicity of the English grammar flashed upon my comprehension (became thrown in my eyes), thanks, chiefly, to the steep transition to it froma the Greek and Latin grammars. I observed that the richness of grammatical formas was not a necessity, but merely the blind result of accidental history. Under that influence I commenced to search into the language and to discard the unnecessary forms, and I noticed that the grammar always melted more and under my hands, and soon I arrived at a tiny grammar, Which, without causing any disadvantage to the language, occupied only a few pages. Then I began to devote myself to my dream more seriously. Still, the giant dictionaries left me no peace of mind.

“One day, when I was in the 6th or 7th class of the gymnasium, I, by chance, turned my attention to the sign “Ŝvejskaja' (drink shop), which I had already seen many times, and afterwards to the sign “Konditorskaja” (sweet-sbop). This “skaja” aroused my


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 la sufiksoj donas la eblon el unu vorto fari aliajn vortojn, kiujn oni ne devas aparte ellernadi. Tiu ĉi penso ekposedis min tute, kaj mi subite eksentis la teron sub la piedoj. Sur la terurajn grandegulajn vortarojn falis radio de lumo, kaj ili komencis rapide malgrandiĝi antaŭ miaj okuloj.

“La problemo estas solvita!” diris mi tiam. Mi kaptis la ideon pri sufiksoj kaj komencis multe labori en tiu ĉi direkto. Mi komprenis, kian grandan signifon povas havi por la lingvo la plena uzado de tiu forto... . Baldaŭ post tio mi jam havis skribitan la tutan gramatikon kaj malgrandan vortaron. ...

Tie ĉi mi diros ĝustatempe kelkajn vortojn pri la materialo por la vortaro. Multe pli frue, kiam mi serĉis kaj elĵetadis ĉion senbezonan el la gramatiko, mi deziris uzi la principojn de la ekonomio ankaŭ por la vortoj. Konvinkita, ke estas tute egale, kian formon havos tiu aŭ alia vorto, se ni nur konsentos ke ĝi esprimas la donitan ideon, mi simple elpensadis vortojn, penante, ke ili estu kiel eble pli mallongaj kaj ne havu senbezonan nombron da literoj.

Sed tiun ĉi penson mi tuj forĵetis, ĉar la provoj kun mi mem montris al mi, ke tiaj elpensitaj vortoj estas tre malfacile ellerneblaj kaj ankoraŭ pli malfacile memoreblaj. Jam tiam mi konvinkiĝis, ke la materialo por la vortaro devas esti Romana-Germana, ŝanĝita nur tiom, kiom ĝin postulas la reguleco kaj aliaj gravaj kondiĉoj de la lingvo. Estante jam sur tiu ĉi tero, mi baldaŭ rimarkis, ke la nunaj lingvoj posedas grandegan provizon da pretaj jam vortoj internaciaj, kiuj estas konataj al ĉiuj popoloj kaj


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 interest, and showed me that suffixes would give me power to make out of one word other words which need not be separately learned. This thought began to take complete possession of me, and all at once I began to feel the ground beneath my feet. A ray of light had fallen upon the terrible giant dictionaries, and they began to shrink rapidly before my eyes.

«The problem is solved,' I said then. I seized this idea of suffixes, and began to work hard in this direction. I understood how great a significance the full use of this power would have for the language. . . . Soon after that I had written the whole grammar and a small dictionary. . ..

“ Here is an appropriate place for me to say a few words about the material for the dictionary. Much earlier, when I had examined and rejected every non-essential from the grammar, I had desired to exercise the principles of economy for the words also. Convinced that it was a matter of indifference what form any particular word took, so long as it was agreed that it should express a given idea, I simply invented words, taking care that. they should be as short as possible and should not contain an unnecessary number of letters.

“But I immediately rejected this thought, for my own personal experiments proved that these invented words were very difficult to learn, and even more so to remember. I came to the conclusion that the material for the dictionary must be Romance-Teutonic, altered only so far as regularity and other important requirements of language demanded. Standing upon this ground, I soon observed that the present languages possessed an immense supply of words already international, which were known to


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 reply was, however, that he would "return by the same way which God had opened for the Turks." Certain it is that the Greeks ascribed this calamity to the cowardice of Giustiniani at this critical moment. The story was that he died in disgrace soon afterwards, a broken-hearted man, in the island of Chios. It is hardly possible for us to arrive at the truth. Gibbon takes the unfavourable view of his conduct which commended itself to Phranza and the Greeks generally, while Finlay maintains that we ought to be slow to charge a man of well-proved courage with pusillanimity. Phranza himself even speaks of him as "hard as adamant." The matter is one which cannot be explained. But had the brave Genoese still stood at his post, he never could have sustained for any length of time an attack made with such overwhelming numbers on the feeble, worn-out garrison. The fight possibly might have been prolonged. As it was, a panic seems quickly to have showed itself as the Turks rushed on with greater fury. A gigantic janissary, Hassan by name, is said to have been the first to climb the ramparts and to lead them to victory. The emperor died, we know, the death of a hero in endeavouring along with a few of his nobles to stem the advancing tide. This is all we know. The exact circumstances of his death are variously reported. His faithful Phranza was in another part of the city, and did not witness his master's end. He represents him as performing prodigies of valour and slaughtering multitudes of the foe with his own hand—like another Samson. His body lay buried under a heap of slain, but the head, says Phranza, was never found,


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 faras trezoron por estonta lingvo internacia—kaj mi kompreneble utiligis tiun ĉi trezoron.

En la jaro 1878 la lingvo estis jam pli-malpli preta. Tiel finiĝis la unua periodo de la lingvo.

Mi estis tiam ankoraŭ tro juna por eliri publike kun mia laboro, kaj mi decidis atendi ankoraŭ 5—6 jarojn kaj dum tiu ĉi tempo zorgeme elprovi la lingvon kaj plene prilabori ĝin praktike. Post duonjaro post la festo de 5-a de Decembro, 1878, ni finis la gimnazian kurson kaj disiris. Mi restis tute sola. Antaŭvidante nur mokojn kaj persekutojn, mi decidis kaŝi antaŭ ĉiuj mian laboron.

Dum kvin kaj duono da jaroj de mia estado en universitato, mi neniam parolis kun iu pri mia afero. Tiu ĉi tempo estis por mi tre malfacila. La kaŝeco turmentis min ; devigita zorgeme kaŝadi miajn pensojn kaj planojn mi preskaŭ nenie estadis, en nenio partoprenadis, kaj la plej bela tempo de la vivo—la jaroj de studento—pasis por mi plej malgaje. . ..

Dum ses jaroj mi laboris perfektigante kaj provante la lingvon—kaj mi havas sufiĉe da laboro, kvankam en la jaro 1878 al mi ŝajnis, ke la lingvo jam estas tute preta. Mi multe tradukadis en mian lingvon, skribis en ĝi verkojn originalajn, kaj vastaj provoj montris al mi, ke tio, kio ŝajnis al mi tute preta teorie, estas ankoraŭ ne preta praktike.

... La praktiko do ĉiam pli kaj pli konvinkadis min, ke la lingvo bezonas ankoraŭ ian nekapteblan “ion,” la kunligantan elementon, donantan al la lingvo vivon kaj difinitan, tute formitan ““ spiriton.”

Mi komencis tiam evitadi laŭvortajn tradukojn el tiu aŭ alia lingvo kaj penis rekte pensi en la lingvo neŭtrala.

Poste mi rimarkis, ke la lingvo en miaj manoj ĉesas jam esti senfundamenta ombro de tiu aŭ alia


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 all people, and which formed a veritable treasure for the future international language—and, of course, I utilised this treasure.

«In 1878 the language was more or less ready.

“Thus was finished the first period of the language.

“I was then still too young to appear publiely with my work, and I decided to wait five or six years longer, and during that time to test carefully the language and to work it out fully and practically. Half a year after the feast of December 5th, 1878, we finished our course at the gymnasium and separated. I remained alone. Foreseeing only mockery and persecution, I decided to hide my work from the eyes of all.

“For five and a-half years whilst I was at the University I never spoke to anyone about it. That was a very trying time for me. The secrecy tormented me. Compelled to conceal carefully my thoughts and plans, I went scarcely anywhere, took no part in anything, and the most enjoyable time of life—the student-years—was, for me, the saddest. ..

“ For six years I worked at perfecting and testing my language, and I had sufficient work, although in 1878 I had thought that it was quite ready. I made many translations and wrote original works in it, and severe trials showed me that what I had considered to be quite finished in theory was nevertheless not ready for practical use.

«... Practice ever more and more convinced me that a language requires still an indescribable something, a uniting element, giving to it life and a defined and wholly formed spirit.

“I began then to avoid literal translations from this or the other language, and endeavoured to think directly in the neutral language.

« Afterwards I noticed that the language in my hands had already ceased to be a shadowy reflection


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 lingvo, kun kiu mi havas la aferon en tiu aŭ alia minuto, kaj ricevas slan propran spiriton, sian propran vivon, la propran difinitan kaj klare esprimitan fizionomion, ne dependantan jam de iaj influojn.

La parolo fluis jam mem, flekseble, gracie kaj tute libere, kiel la viva patra lingvo. . ..

Mi finis la universitaton kaj komencis mian medicinan praktikon. Nun mi komencis jam pensi pri la publika eliro de mia laboro. Mi pretigis la manuskripton de mia unua broŝuro (“D-ro Esperanto. Lingvo internacia. Antaŭparolo kaj plena lernolibro”) kaj komencis serĉi eldonanton. Dum du jaroj mi vane serĉis Kiam mi jam trovis unu, li dum duonjaro pretigis mian broŝuron por eldono kaj fine— rifuzis.

Fine, post longaj klopodoj, mi prosperis mem eldoni mian unuan broŝuron en Julio de la Jaro 1887.

Aa, Bb, Cc, Ĉĉ, Dd, Ee, Ff, Gg, Ĝĝ, Hh, Ĥĥ, Ii, Ji, Ĵĵ, Kk, Ll, Mm, Nn, Oo, Pp, Rr, Ss, Ŝŝ, Tt, Uu, Ŭŭ, Vv, Zz.

Rimarko.—Presejoj, kiuj ne posedas la literojn ĉ, ĝ, ĥ, î, ŝ, ŭ, povas anstataŭ ili uzi, ch, gh, hh, jh, sh, u.

B.—

(1) Artikolo nedifinita ne ekzistas; ekzistas nur artikolo difinita (la), egala por ĉiuj seksoj, kazoj kaj nombroj.


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 though Mahomet made special inquiry after it. Another account tells us that the sultan sent it as a proof of victory to several of his cities in Asia. The body was ultimately recognised by the imperial golden eagles embroidered on the boots. So fell the last of the Greek emperors, the last, as he may indeed be worthily called, of the Cæsars.

In the panic and flight that followed many were crushed to death in the gate of St. Romanus. Victors and vanquished thronged in a promiscuous crowd into the streets of the city, and another multitude of the enemy had forced the fortifications on the side of the harbour, and had joined themselves to their companions who had just stormed the landward defences. On the twenty-ninth of May, 1453, Constantinople, after a siege of fifty-three days, was in the hands of the infidel. The great calamity which had long been hanging over Christendom was now finally consummated. The poor terror-stricken inhabitants, as soon as they knew the event, flocked for refuge into the Church of St. Sophia, capable, it is said, of receiving twenty thousand people. They barred the doors against the enemy, and encouraged themselves on the strength of a prophecy which declared that when the Turks had penetrated to the space before St. Sophia an angel would descend from heaven, sword in hand, and drive them from the city. Soon the enemy burst into the sacred building and claimed his prey. There was no resistance. Old and young, high-born and low-born, youths and maidens, were hurried away by ruthless hands into captivity, and all parts of the city


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 of the language with which I was occupied at this or the other minute, and was becoming imbued with its own spirit, its own life, a properly defined and clearly expressed physiognomy Independent of any other influence.

" My speech flowed of itself flexibly, gracefully, and quite freely, just as my living native language. ..

"I had left the University and begun my medical practice; now I began to consider the public outcome of my labour. I had prepared the manuscript of my first brochure, " An International Language, by Dr. Esperanto," and begun to seek for a publisher. For two years I looked in vain. And when indeed I had found one, he spent half a year in preparing my brochure for publication, and finally —refused.

" At length, after strenuous efforts, I sueceeded in publishing the brochure myself in July, 1887."

"

Rimarko.—''La uzado de la artikolo estas tia sama, kiel en la aliaj lingvoj. La personoj, por kiuj la uzado de la artikolo prezentas malfacilaĵon, povas en la unua tempo tute ĝin ne uzi.''

(2) La substantivoj havas la finiĝon o. Por la formado de la multenombro oni aldonas la finiĝon j. Kazoj ekzistas nur du: nominativo kaj akuzativo; la lasta estas ricevata el la nominativo per la aldono de la finiĝo n.


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 {|
 * , Father to the two brothers, and Donna Teresa's Guardian|| ||
 * , the eldest son|| ||
 * , the youngest son|| ||
 * , a Dominican and Inquisitor|| ||
 * , the faithful attendant on Alvar|| ||
 * , a Moresco Chieftain, ostensibly a Christian|| ||
 * , &c.|| ||
 * , an Orphan Heiress|| ||
 * , wife to Isidore|| ||
 * }
 * , a Moresco Chieftain, ostensibly a Christian|| ||
 * , &c.|| ||
 * , an Orphan Heiress|| ||
 * , wife to Isidore|| ||
 * }
 * , &c.|| ||
 * , an Orphan Heiress|| ||
 * , wife to Isidore|| ||
 * }
 * , an Orphan Heiress|| ||
 * , wife to Isidore|| ||
 * }
 * }

Crabb Robinson thus records his presence on the first night:—

"Jan. 23rd, 1813.—In the evening at Drury Lane, to see the first performance of Coleridge's tragedy, Remorse My interest for the play was greater than in the play, and my anxiety for its success took from me the feeling of a mere spectator. I have no hesitation in saying that its poetical is far greater than its dramatic merit, that it owes its success rather to its faults than to its beauties, and that it will have for its less meritorious qualities applause which is really due to its excellences. Coleridge's great fault is that he indulges before the public in those metaphysical and philosophical speculations which are becoming only in solitude or with select minds. His two principal characters are philosophers of


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 confirmed. Not only is it senseless and not based on Scripture or on Tradition, and nothing comes of it; in reality, according to my immediate observation of the believers, and according to my own personal recollection of the time when I myself was a believer, it turns out that I never believed in the Trinity and never saw a man who believed in the dogma of the Trinity. Out of a hundred men and women among the people not more than three will be able to name the persons of the Trinity, and not more than thirty will be able to say what the Trinity is, and will not be able to name the persons, but will include among them St. Nicholas the Miracle-worker and the Mother of God. The others do not even know anything about the Trinity. Among the masses I have not come across any conception about the Trinity. Christ is called the God-man, as it were, the eldest of the saints. The Holy Ghost is entirely unknown, and God remains the incomprehensible, almighty God, the beginning of everything. Nobody ever prays to the Holy Ghost, no one ever invokes him. In the more cultured circles I have also not found any belief in the Holy Ghost. I have met very many who very fervently believed in Christ, but never have I heard the Holy Ghost mentioned except for the purpose of theological discussion. The same was true of me: during all those years when I was an Orthodox believer the idea of the Holy Ghost never entered my mind. The belief in and definition of the Trinity I have found only in the schools, and thus it turns out that the dogma of the Trinity is not rational, not based on anything, is good for nothing, and no one believes in it, while the church professes it.

In order to comprehend why the church does that, it is necessary to investigate the further exposition of the church, and I proceed to do this. It would be a useless labour in the consequent investigation to point out all the errors, contradictions, senseless statements, and lies, for


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 witnessed like scenes. It is said that sixty thousand Greeks became the conqueror's spoil, and were scattered throughout his dominions. Phranza had to endure slavery for a time, though after a while he was released, and was allowed to ransom his wife; but he had the misery of seeing his children torn from him—his daughter consigned to the sultan's seraglio, and his son, a boy of fourteen, choosing death in preference to dishonour. The great Duke Notaras was the noblest and most distinguished of the prisoners. He showed the sultan, it is said, a vast hidden treasure of jewels and pearls. His fate was a hard one, though he hardly seems to deserve our pity, as it is whispered that he turned traitor after having submitted himself to the victor. At first the sultan flattered him with the hope of safety, but soon afterwards put both him and his two sons to death, thereby in Christian estimation conferring on them the glory of martyrdom. If we are to believe the Greek writers, he was false to his first promises of mercy, and revealed a hideous perfidy in the wholesale massacres which he perpetrated.

Mahomet, it is said, was profoundly impressed with the spectacle of the fallen city. Cruel and perfidious he may have been, but he would allow no wanton destruction, and he reproved with a blow of his scimitar a barbarous Turk whom he saw breaking the marble mosaics in the Church of St. Sophia. In that church, now suddenly converted into a mosque, on its high altar, he offered up his prayers and thanksgivings. In some respects the Turk, after his victory, contrasted favourably


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 62. About the spiritual world. “Angels are incorporeal spirits, endowed with reason, will, and power. They were created before the visible world and before man—; are divided into nine forms—; and the evil angels themselves were created by God as good, but became evil by their own will.” (p. 377.)

And again, as always, there comes a controversy with those who spoke differently of the angels and the demons. Then proofs from Holy Scripture that there are angels of various orders.

“65. By their natures the angels are incorporeal spirits, more perfect than the human soul, but limited.”

They were created after the likeness of God, and have mind and will. Proofs from Holy Scripture.

66. Number and degrees of angels. The celestial hierarchy.

The number of angels is legion, that is, very large. There are various classes of celestial powers. (p. 396.)

There follows a controversy with Origen about the orders of the angels, and it is proved that there are nine classes of them. (p. 397.)

“The angels are divided into nine classes, and these nine into three orders. In the first order are those who are nearer to God, such as thrones, cherubim, and seraphim; in the second order are dominions, principalities, and powers; in the third order are angels, archangels, and beginnings. This division is based partly (a) on Holy Scripture, at least in this respect that in Holy Scripture we meet with the names of all the orders of the angels, as given here—but mainly (b) on Holy Tradition.” (pp. 198 and 199.)

“Of the private opinions the most noteworthy is this, that the division of the angels into nine orders embraces only the names and orders of those that were revealed in the Word of God, but does not embrace many other names and classes of angels which have not been revealed to us


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 with the Latin Crusader. He was more obedient, more amenable to discipline, and his conquest was even accomplished with less bloodshed than that of the Latins, though it undoubtedly consigned the Greek race to greater permanent misery and degradation. The sultan had at least some nobility of character, though it is certain that he stained the glory of his triumphs with some very unworthy deeds. He went from the Church of St. Sophia to the imperial palace, and it was there, as he surveyed the desolate halls, that he is said to have called to mind those pathetic words of a Persian poet: "The spider's curtain hangs before the portal of Cæsar's palace; the owl is the sentinel on the watch-tower of Afrasiab."

The promised plunder could hardly have disappointed the sultan's eager and victorious soldiers. The Turk was certainly not more greedy and rapacious than the Latin conqueror had been. Constantinople, indeed, was very poor compared with what it had been in the days of its greatness. Ever since the Latin conquest its wealth and population had steadily declined. Of the spoil taken by the Turks, far the largest and most valuable portion consisted in the captives themselves. These would be sold into slavery, if they or their friends were unable to save themselves by the payment of a good ransom. There must, however, have been some richly furnished houses, and many private treasures, which the possessors had grudged the emperor, when he wanted money for his troops. The churches, too, and the monasteries must have yielded a handsome booty. We


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 can quite understand how it came to be said of a Turk, who had suddenly grown rich, that he had been at the sack of Constantinople. The Genoese of Galata contrived to save themselves and their most valuable property. While the Turks were intent on the pillage of the city, they sailed out of the harbour and made good their escape.

The sultan had now to undo the work of destruction. Constantinople was henceforth to be the capital of his empire. For this honour "the genius of the place" had clearly marked out the city of Constantine. The character of Ottoman dominion was soon impressed on it, yet at the same time the rites of Christian worship were celebrated in several of its churches, and the patriarch was acknowledged by the sultan, and even received from his hand the crosier which symbolised his sacred office. Many a Greek felt that he could return in safety to the city of his fathers, and he was encouraged by the conqueror to do so. From Roumania and Asia Minor as many as five thousand families were summoned by his order to leave their homes and take up their abode in his new capital. What he could, the sultan certainly seems to have done, for the revival of the prosperity of Constantinople.

The fall of the city had long been expected throughout Europe, and Pope Nicholas V. had, as we have seen, actually prophesied it. It would seem, at least in many quarters, to have been anticipated without any excessive dread or sense of disgrace. Yet, when it actually occurred (though some spoke of it as a Divine judgment


text: Constantinople: A Sketch of its History from its Foundation to its Conquest by the Turks in 1453/Chapter 12


text: Osorio

title: Osorio


text: Osorio/A Monograph on Coleridge's "Osorio."


text: Index:The Misuse of Drugs Regulations 2001 (UKSI 2001-3998 qp).pdf


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200 chambermaid; you may order her you like best to attend you. I will afterwards wait your commands and convenience."

He then retired, and the apothecary and the chambermaid, named Irla, entered. The princess had entire confidence in her. She ordered her to bring six bottles of Chiras wine for supper, and to make all the sentinels, who had her officers under arrest, drink the same. Then she recommended her apothecary to infuse in all the bottles certain pharmaceutic drugs, which make those who take them sleep twenty-four hours, and with which he was always provided. She was implicitly obeyed. The king returned with his high almoner in about half an hour's time. The conversation at supper was very gay. The king and the priest emptied the six bottles, and acknowledged there was not such good wine in Egypt. The chambermaid was attentive to make the servants in waiting drink. As for the princess, she took great care not to drink any herself, saying that she was ordered by her physician a particular regimen. They were all presently asleep.

The king of Egypt's almoner had one of the finest beards that a man of his rank could wear. Formosanta lopped it off very skilfully; then sewing it to a ribbon, she put it on her own chin. She then dressed herself in the priest's robes, and decked herself in all the marks of his dignity, and her waiting maid clad herself like the sacristan of the goddess Isis. At length, having furnished herself with his


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Rh urn and jewels, she set out from the inn amidst the sentinels, who were asleep like their master. Her attendant had taken care to have two horses ready at the door. The princess could not take with her any of the officers of her train. They would have been stopped by the great guard.

Formosanta and Irla passed through several ranks of soldiers, who, taking the princess for the high priest, called her, "My most Reverend Father in God," and asked his blessing. The two fugitives arrived in twenty-four hours at Bassora, before the king awoke. They then threw off their disguise, which might have created some suspicion. They fitted out with all possible expedition a ship, which carried them, by the Straits of Ormus, to the beautiful banks of Eden in Arabia Felix. This was that Eden whose gardens were so famous that they have since been the residence of the best of mankind. They were the model of the Elysian fields, the gardens of the Hesperides, and also those of the Fortunate Islands. In those warm climates men imagined there could be no greater felicity than shades and murmuring brooks. To live eternally in heaven with the Supreme Being, or to walk in the garden of paradise, was the same thing to those who incessantly spoke without understanding one another, and who could scarce have any distinct ideas or just expressions.

As soon as the princess found herself in this land, her first care was to pay her dear bird the funeral obsequies he had required of her. Her beautiful


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202 hands prepared a small quantity of cloves and cinnamon. What was her surprise, when, having spread the ashes of the bird upon this funeral pyre, she saw it blaze of itself! All was presently consumed. In the place of the ashes there appeared nothing but a large egg, whence she saw her bird issue more brilliant than ever. This was one of the most happy moments the princess had ever experienced in her whole life. There was but another that could ever be dearer to her; it was the object of her wishes, but almost beyond her hopes.

"I plainly see," said she, to the bird, "you are the phoenix of which I have heard so much spoken. I am almost ready to expire with joy and astonishment. I did not believe in your resurrection; but it is my good fortune to be convinced of it."

"Resurrection, in fact," said the phoenix to her, "is one of the most simple things in the world. There is nothing more in being born twice than once. Everything in this world is the effect of resurrection. Caterpillars are regenerated into butterflies; a kernel put into the earth is regenerated into a tree. All animals buried in earth regenerate into vegetation, herbs, and plants, and nourish other animals, of which they speedily compose part of the substance. All particles which compose bodies are transformed into different beings. It is true, that I am the only one to whom Oromasdes has granted the favor of regenerating my own form."

Formosanta, who, from the moment she first saw


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Rh Amazan and the phoenix, had passed all her time in a round of astonishment, said to him:

"I can easily conceive that the Supreme Being may form out of your ashes a phoenix nearly resembling yourself; but that you should be precisely the same person, that you should have the same soul, is a thing, I acknowledge, I cannot very clearly comprehend. What became of your soul when I carried you in my pocket after your death ?"

"Reflect one moment! Is it not as easy for the great Oromasdes to continue action upon a single atom of my being as to begin afresh this action? He had before granted me sensation, memory, and thought. He grants them to me again. Whether he united this favor to an atom of elementary fire, latent within me, or to the assemblage of my organs, is, in reality, of no consequence. Men, as well as phoenixes, are entirely ignorant how things come to pass; but the greatest favor the Supreme Being has bestowed upon me is to regenerate me for you. Oh! that I may pass the twenty-eight thousand years which I have still to live before my next resurrection, with you and my dear Amazan."

"My dear phoenix, remember what you first told me at Babylon, which I shall never forget, and which flattered me with the hope of again seeing my dear shepherd, whom I idolize; 'we must absolutely pay the Gangarids a visit together,' and I must carry Amazan back with me to Babylon."

"This is precisely my design," said the phoenix.


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204 "There is not a moment to lose. We must go in search of Amazan by the shortest road, that is, through the air. There are in Arabia Felix two griffins, who are my particular friends, and who live only a hundred and fifty thousand leagues from here. I am going to write to them by the pigeon post, and they will be here before night. We shall have time to make you a convenient palanquin, with drawers, in which you may place your provisions. You will be quite at your ease in this vehicle, with your maid. These two griffins are the most vigorous of their kind. Each of them will support one of the poles of the canopy between their claws. But, once for all time is very precious."

He instantly went with Formosanta to order the carriage from an upholsterer of his acquaintance. It was made complete in four hours. In the drawers were placed small fine loaves, biscuits superior to those of Babylon, large lemons, pineapples, cocoa, and pistachio nuts, Eden wine, which is as superior to that of Chiras, as Chiras is to that of Surinam.

The two griffins arrived at Eden at the appointed time. The vehicle was as light as it was commodious and solid, and Formosanta and Irla placed themselves in it. The two griffins carried it off like a feather. The phoenix sometimes flew after it, and sometimes perched upon its roof. The two griffins winged their way toward the Ganges with the velocity of an arrow which rends the air. They never stopped but a moment at night for the travellers to


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Tragedy was written in the summer and autumn of the year 1797; at Nether Stowey, in the county of Somerset. By whose recommendation, and of the manner in which both the Play and the Author were treated by the recommender, let me be permitted to relate: that I know of its having been received only by a third person; that I could procure neither answer nor the manuscript; and that but for an accident I should have had no copy of the work itself. That such treatment would damp a young man's exertions may be easily conceived: there was no


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Rh take some refreshment, and the carriers to take a draught of water.

They at length reached the country of the Gangarids. The princess' heart palpitated with hope, love and joy. The phœnix stopped the vehicle before Amazan's house; but Amazan had been absent from home three hours, without any one knowing whither he had gone.

There are no words, even in the Gangaridian language, that could express Formosanta's extreme despair.

"Alas! that is what I dreaded," said the phœnix: "the three hours which you passed at the inn, upon the road to Bassora, with that wretched king of Egypt, have perhaps been at the price of the happiness of your whole life. I very much fear we have lost Amazan, without the possibility of recovering him."

He then asked the servants if he could salute the mother of Amazan? They answered, that her husband had died only two days before, and she could speak to no one. The phoenix, who was not without influence in the house, introduced the princess of Babylon into a saloon, the walls of which were covered with orange-tree wood inlaid with ivory. The inferior shepherds and shepherdesses, who were dressed in long, white garments, with gold-colored trimmings, served up, in a hundred plain porcelain baskets, a hundred various delicacies, among which no disguised carcasses were to be seen. They con-


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A270

17. Notwithstanding sections 13 and 15, the Director shall not—
 * (a) register or provisionally register a school in any name containing the word “university” or the Chinese characters “大學” or “學院”; or
 * (b) without the consent of the Governor, register or provisionally register any school which provides post secondary education.

18. (1) On registering or provisionally registering a school, the Director shall issue to the supervisor a certificate of registration or a certificate of provisional registration in the prescribed form and sufficient copies of the certificate so that the certificate or a copy may be exhibited in each of the premises specified in the certificate.

(2) Except as provided in subsection (3), section 20 and section 71, the supervisor of a school shall cause the certificate or a copy issued by the Director under subsection (1) to be exhibited at all times in a conspicuous place in each of the premises specified in the certificate.

(3) If the Director extends the period of provisional registration of a school under subsection (2) of section 15, the supervisor shall within one month after the date when he is notified of the extension deliver the certificate of provisional registration and every copy of the certificate to the Director, who shall amend the certificate and the copies thereof accordingly and return them to the supervisor.

19. (1) No school shall be operated in any premises other than the premises specified in the certificate of registration of provisional registration of the school.

(2) No teacher in any school shall teach in any premises other than the premises specified in the certificate of registration or provisional registration of the school.

20. (1) The supervisor of a school may apply in writing to the Director to amend the certificate of registration or provisional registration by—
 * (a) specifying in the certificate any additional or alternative premises; or
 * (b) deleting from the certificate reference to any premises or to any part of any premises.


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206 sisted of rice, sago, vermicelli, macaroni, omelets, milk, eggs, cream, cheese, pastry of every kind, vegetables, fruits, peculiarly fragrant and grateful to the taste, of which no idea can be formed in other climates ; and they were accompanied with a profusion of refreshing liquors superior to the finest wine.

Whilst the princess regaled herself, seated upon a bed of roses, four peacocks, who were luckily mute, fanned her with their brilliant wings; two hundred birds, one hundred shepherds and shepherdesses, warbled a concert in two different choirs; the nightingales, thistlefinches, linnets, chaffinches, sung the higher notes with the shepherdesses, and the shepherds sung the tenor and bass. The princess acknowledged, that if there was more magnificence at Babylon, nature was infinitely more agreeable among the Gangarids; but while this consolatory and voluptuous music was playing, tears flowed from her eyes, while she said to the damsel Irla:

"These shepherds and shepherdesses, these nightingales, these linnets, are making love; and for my part I am deprived of the company of the Gangaridian hero, the worthy object of my most tender thoughts."

While she was taking this collation, her tears and admiration kept pace with each other, and the phoenix addressed himself to Amazan's mother, saying:

"Madam, you cannot avoid seeing the princess of Babylon; you know "

"I know everything," said she, "even her adven-


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Rh ture at the inn, upon the road to Bassora. A blackbird related the whole to me this morning; and this cruel blackbird is the cause of my son's going mad, and leaving his paternal abode."

"You have not been informed, then, that the princess regenerated me?"

"No, my dear child, the blackbird told me you were dead, and this made me inconsolable. I was so afflicted at this loss, the death of my husband, and the precipitate flight of my son, that I ordered my door to be shut to everyone. But since the princess of Babylon has done me the honor of paying me a visit, I beg she may be immediately introduced. I have matters of great importance to acquaint her with, and I choose you should be present."

She then went to meet the princess in another sa- loon. She could not walk very well. This lady was about three hundred years old; but she had still some agreeable vestiges of beauty. It might be conjectured, that about her two hundred and fortieth, or two hundred and fiftieth year, she must have been a most charming woman. She received Formosanta with a respectful nobleness, blended with an air of interest and sorrow, which made a very lively impression upon the princess.

Formosanta immediately paid her the compliments of condolence upon her husband's death.

"Alas!" said the widow, "you have more reason to lament his death than you imagine."

"I am, doubtless, greatly afflicted," said Formo-


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 striding up to me, after hearing how the honour lay; "Ridd, you must go through with it."

"Fight, for the sake of the junior first," cried the little fellow in my ear, the clever one, the head of our class, who had mocked John Fry, and knew all about the aorists, and tried to make me know it; but I never went more than three places up, and then it was an accident, and I came down after dinner. The boys were urgent round me to fight, though my stomach was not up for it; and being very slow of wit (which is not chargeable on me), I looked from one to other of them, seeking any cure for it. Not that I was afraid of fighting, for now I had been three years at Blundell's, and foughten, all that time, a fight at least once every week, till the boys began to know me; only that the load on my heart was not sprightly as of the hay-field. It is a very sad thing to dwell on; but even now, in my time of wisdom, I doubt it is a fond thing to imagine, and a motherly to insist upon, that boys can do without fighting. Unless they be very good boys, and afraid of one another.

"Nay," I said, with my back against the wrought-iron stay of the gate, which was socketed into Cop's house-front; "I will not fight thee now, Robin Snell, but wait till I come back again."

"Take coward's blow, Jack Ridd, then," cried half-a-dozen little boys, shoving Bob Snell forward to do it; because they all knew well enough, having striven with me ere now, and proved me to be their master,—they knew, I say, that without great change, I would


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208 santa; "he was father to—." Here a flood of

tears prevented her from going on. "For his sake only I undertook this journey, in which I have so narrowly escaped many dangers. For him I left my father, and the most splendid court in the universe. I was detained by a king of Egypt, whom I detest. Having escaped from this tyrant, I have traversed the air in search of the only man I love. When I arrive, he flies from me!" Here sighs and tears stopped her impassioned harangue.

His mother then said to her:

"When the king of Egypt made you his prisoner; when you supped with him at an inn upon the road to Bassora; when your beautiful hands filled him bumpers of Chiras wine, did you observe a blackbird that flew about the room?"

"Yes, really," said the princess, "I now recollect there was such a bird, though at that time I did not pay it the least attention. But in collecting my ideas, I now remember well, that at the instant when the king of Egypt rose from the table to give me a kiss, the blackbird flew out at the window giving a loud cry, and never appeared after."

"Alas ! madam," resumed Amazan's mother, "this is precisely the cause of all our misfortunes ; my son had despatched this blackbird to gain intelligence of your health, and all that passed at Babylon. He proposed speedily to return, throw himself at your feet, and consecrate to you the remainder of his life. You know not to what a pitch he adores you. All the


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Rh

(2) An application under subsection (1) shall be accompanied by—
 * (a) the certificate in respect of which the application is made;
 * (b) every copy of the certificate issued under subsection (1) of section 18; and
 * (c) three copies of a plan or diagram, specifying dimensions, of the premises or the part of the premises to which the application relates.

(3) An application under paragraph (a) of subsection (1) shall specify the names and addresses of the landlord and the tenant of the premises or the part of the premises to which the application relates.

(4) An application under paragraph (a) of subsection (1) in respect of any premises or any part of any premises which are not designed and constructed for the purposes of a school shall be accompanied by the certificates and the notice specified in subsection (1) of section 12, and the provisions of subsections (2), (3), (4) and (5) of section 12 shall apply as if the application were an application for registration of a school.

(5) On receiving an application in accordance with this section, the Director shall make such inquiry as he considers necessary and shall determine the application—
 * (a) by granting the application wholly or partly, in either of which cases he shall amend the certificate of registration or provisional registration and the copies thereof accordingly; or
 * (b) by refusing to grant the application.

(6) The Director shall return to the supervisor the certificate of registration or provisional registration and the copies thereof, amended accordingly if he grants an application under paragraph (a) of subsection (5).

21. (1) If in the opinion of the Director of Fire Services a change in—
 * (a) the design or structure of the premises in or in any part of which a school is operated; or
 * (b) the use of any part of the premises in or in any part of which a school is operated,


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Rh Gangarids are both loving and faithful; but my son is the most passionate and constant of them all. The blackbird found you at an inn, drinking very cheerfully with the king of Egypt and a vile priest; he afterwards saw you give this monarch who had killed the phœnix the man my son holds in utter detestation a fond embrace. The blackbird, at the sight of this, was seized with a just indignation. He flew away imprecating your fatal error. He returned this day, and has related everything. But, just heaven, at what a juncture! At the very time that my son was deploring with me the loss of his father and that of the wise phoenix, the very instant I had informed him that he was your cousin-german—"

"Oh heavens! my cousin, madam, is it possible? How can this be? And am I so happy as to be thus allied to him, and yet so miserable as to have offended him?"

"My son is, I tell you," said the Gangaridian lady, "your cousin, and I shall presently convince you of it; but in becoming my relation, you rob me of my son. He cannot survive the grief that the embrace you gave to the king of Egypt has occasioned him."

"Ah! my dear aunt," cried the beautiful Formosanta, "I swear by him and the all-powerful Oromasdes, that this embrace, so far from being criminal, was the strongest proof of love your son could receive from me. I disobeyed my father for his sake. For him I went from the Euphrates to the Ganges. Having fallen into the hands of the worthless

 * Vol. 3—14


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A272

is such that the persons in the school premises are exposed to any undue risk of fire, or that in the event of fire in the premises in for all the persons in the premises (including the persons in the or in any part of which the school is operated, the means of escape school premises) would not be adequate, he may deliver to the Director a notice in writing which shall either—
 * (i) specify any provision which in his opinion should be made by the school to eliminate the undue risk of fire, or to ensure that in the event of fire the means of escape for all the persons in the premises (including the persons in the school premises) will be adequate; or
 * (ii) if the Director of Fire Services considers that no provision can be made by the school to eliminate the undue risk of fire, or to ensure that in the event of fire the means of escape for all the persons in the premises (including the persons in the school premises) will be adequate, state that in his opinion no such provision can be made.

(2) If the Director of Fire Services delivers to the Director a notice under subsection (1) in respect of a school specifying any provision which the Director of Fire Services considers should be made by the school, the Director may by notice in writing served on the supervisor of the school require such provision to be made.

22. (1) The Director may cancel the registration or provisional registration of a school—
 * (a) on any ground specified in paragraph (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (f), (g), (i), (j), (k), (l), (m) or (n) of section 14 on which he would have been entitled to refuse registration of a school, whether or not such ground existed at the time when the school was registered or provisionally registered;
 * (b) if any manager of the school has committed an offence against this Ordinance subsequent to the registration of provisional registration of the school;
 * (c) if it appears to the Director that the school has ceased to exist, or that for a continuous period of not less than one school term the school has ceased to operate;
 * (d) if a direction given in a notice served under subsection (2) of section 82 on the supervisor or any other manager of the school has not been complied with;
 * (e) if it appears to the Director that the management committee is not managing the school satisfactorily, the education of the pupils is not being promoted in a proper manner;


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Rh

 * (g) if in respect of the school any provision specified in a notice under subsection (2) of section 21 has not been made—
 * (i) within two months of the date of service of the notice; or
 * (ii) before the commencement of the school term next following the date of service of the notice,
 * whichever is the earlier, or within such further period as the Director may permit;
 * (h) if, under subsection (1) of section 21, the Director has received a notice from the Director of Fire Services stating that, in the latter’s opinion, no provision can be made by the school to eliminate any undue risk of fire, or to ensure that in the event of fire in the premises in or in any part of which the school is operated, the means of escape for all the persons in the premises (including the persons in the school premises) will be adequate;
 * (i) if the school is operated in any name other than the name in which it is registered or provisionally registered; or
 * (j) if it appears to the Director that any provision of this Ordinance is being or has been contravened in respect of the school.

(2) The Director shall cancel the registration or provisional registration of a school if—
 * (a) the registration of every manager of the school is cancelled; and
 * (b) no manager of the school is permitted under section 66 to continue to act as a manager of the school.


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210 Pharaoh of Egypt, I could not escape his clutches but by artifice. I call the ashes and soul of the phœnix which were then in my pocket, to witness. He can do me justice. But how can your son, born upon the banks of the Ganges, be my cousin? I, whose family have reigned upon the banks of the Euphrates for so many centuries?"

"You know," said the venerable Gangaridian lady to her, "that your granduncle Aldea was king of Babylon, and that he was dethroned by Belus' father?"

"Yes, madam."

"You know that this Aldea had in marriage a daughter named Aldea, brought up in your court? It was this prince, who, being persecuted by your father, took refuge under another name in our happy country. He married me, and is the father of the young prince Aldea Amazan, the most beautiful, the most courageous, the strongest, and most virtuous of mortals; and at this hour the most unhappy. He went to the Babylonian festival upon the credit of your beauty; since that time he idolizes you, and now grieves because he believes that you have proved unfaithful to him. Perhaps I shall never again set eyes upon my dear son."

She then displayed to the princess all the titles of the house of Aldea. Formosanta scarce deigned to look at them.

"Ah! madam, do we examine what is the object


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Rh of our desire? My heart sufficiently believes you. But where is Aldea Amazan? Where is my kinsman, my lover, my king? Where is my life? What road has he taken? I will seek for him in every sphere the Eternal Being has framed, and of which he is the greatest ornament. I will go into the star Canope, into Sheath, into Aldebaran; I will go and tell him of my love and convince him of my innocence."

The phoenix justified the princess with regard to the crime that was imputed to her by the blackbird, of fondly embracing the king of Egypt; but it was necessary to undeceive Amazan and recall him. Birds were despatched on every side. Unicorns were sent forward in every direction. News at length arrived that Amazan had taken the road towards China.

"Well, then," said the princess, "let us set out for China. I will seek him in defiance of both difficulty and danger. The journey is not long, and I hope I shall bring you back your son in a fortnight at farthest."

At these words tears of affection streamed from his mother's eyes and also from those of the princess. They most tenderly embraced, in the great sensibility of their hearts.

The phœnix immediately ordered a coach with six unicorns. Amazan's mother furnished two thousand horsemen, and made the princess, her niece, a present of some thousands of the finest diamonds of


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Rh Professor should be selected by the whole Committee. I think also that there may be some objection to advertising for such a person, and I understood that the resolution to which the Sub-Committee came was in accordance with these views. The matter, however, is not of much consequence.—[Page 1.] May 1st, 1836. In the book of the Selection of Schoolmasters.—I greatly doubt whether we can obtain a good Master for 200 Rs.; and I should like to know more about Mr. Harris before I consent to secure his services by diminishing the salary of the person at the head of the School. I propose that the question should be referred to the Sub-Committee for the selection of School-Masters, but that the Sub-Committee should be instructed to make no arrangement, which may cause an increase of charge, without a reference to the General Committee.—[Book G. page 15,] 9th June, 1836.

Those who are at Calcutta had better attend. Of course we cannot expect people to come from a distance for a mere chance. The Secretary bad better send the applications and testimonials in circulation round the Sub-Committee, that we may meet with some knowledge of the attainments and situations of the candidates, and be able to make enquiries. [Page 8.] June 27th, 1836.

Schoolmasters’ Salaries.—We shall never get such a man as Mr. Sutherland describes for 150 Rupees a month. I think it probable that the gentlemen who have taken the chief part in selecting schoolmasters may be able without again advertising to fix on a proper person.—[Page 17.] 30th August, 1836.

On the promotion of Masters.—I think that we cannot adopt this proposition. Mr. Fowles has at present, I think only 100 Rupees a month. To promote him to a salary of three times the amount seems extravagant. We have no proof that his merits are such as to entitle him to so great and rapid an increase of his pay, or that his capacity is such as to qualify him for the superintendence of a school which, on many accounts, must be considered as among the most important under our superintendence.

We ought to be always on our guard when we receive recommendations of this sort from local committees. The members of those committees naturally find it unpleasant to refuse to recommend a person who intreats them to favour his claims, and who has given them no cause of dissatisfaction. It is an ungracious thing to tell a man to his face that you will not propose him for promotion. If we do not take care we shall, whenever a head master retires, be requested by the


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Rh local committee to promote the under master to the head of the school. The best course would perhaps be to appoint the head master of the Ghazeepore school, who, I believe, is one of the best on our list:, and who now draws only 200 Rs. a month, to the Patna school, to send Mr. Fowles to Ghazeepore, which will be a promotion for him, and to send down to Patna some teacher to take Mr. Fowles’ place. [Page 24.] 23rd November, 1836.

Travelling Expenses.—I hardly know what to propose. I wish that some gentleman better acquainted with this country than I am, would make a calculation of the bona fide expense of a journey to Saugor performed in an economical manner. I cannot believe that three times the advance to which we have agreed would be necessary for that purpose.—[Page 30.] December 14th, 1836.

Who is the clergyman at the station? Is there a local Committee? Is the clergyman a member of it? If I recollect right, the late master was dismissed for proselytising. This does not look as if the clergyman had much influence in the management of the school.

I am not aware of a fit person: perhaps some other member of the Sub-Committee maybe able to suggest something.—[Page 35.] December 28th, 1836.

Selection of Masters.—The candidate gives a very good account of himself. I suppose that, as he has been employed in the public service at Chittagong, the local committee know, or can easily learn, whether he will suit. I approve of the proposition of the Secretary. [Page 46.]

I cannot say much for the gentleman. I vote against employing him.

I am glad that Mr. Sutherland has hit on so good a way of putting candidates to the test. [Page 52.]

I cannot say much for the show which the candidates make at these examinations. Instead of asking Mr. —————— questions in history, the best course would perhaps have been one which Dean Milner is said to have taken with a very ignorant man at Cambridge, to give him a little scrap of paper, and desire him to write all that he knew. Mr. —————— is better, however, than Mr. ——————; and, though very hesitatingly, I am inclined to accede to Mr. Sutherland’s proposition.—[Page 56.] June 28th, 1837.

I have nobody to propose. Certainly I would select no person whom the local Committee think unfit.—[Page 57.]

I should be very unwilling to set aside a candidate solely on account of his religious scruples about the Sunday. But the