text:
A Thread of Scarlet

LSIE BAYNOR was coming up the long hill from the post-office. Now and then she stopped for a moment to look back to the little village hidden among the trees, or lift her face to the big clouds that drifted overhead. It had rained for nearly a week, and the air in the afternoon sun was like wine. The girl drew a deep breath and lifted her head with a gesture that laughed.

Grandma Pettibone, peering out from between her lace-edged curtains, watched the figure stride swiftly up the hill. “Seems to me she gets straighter 'n' straighter every day,” she muttered.

“Who is it, mother?” A younger woman came across the room to look out.

“She gets more 'n' more like her Grandma Poppleton every day,” said the old lady. “Seems's if I could see her now, a-riding' up the hill in that old yellow chariot, lookin' for all the world like a queen; and Elsie's gettin' to be the livin' image of her.”

“She'd better be like her than like her mother,” said the woman in a significant tone.

“You hadn't ought to speak like that, Nettie. You don't know for certain,” said the old woman. Her eyes were fixed on the girl's figure climbing up the hill.

The young woman's lips set themselves a little. “Maybe I don't—for certain. But there's plenty that do. She'd ought to be druv out of town, and you know it as well as I do.”

“No, I don't know it,” said the older voice.

“Well, you ought to. I do,” said the other curtly. She went back to her work at the sewing-machine, and the old woman leaned forward to watch the swift, easy walk.

The girl's back, strong and supple, swayed a little to the motion of her gait, and the braid of thick black hair, tied at the waist with a scarlet ribbon, swayed with it. A bunch of scarlet poppies glowed on the side of her hat, and a gleam of scarlet marked her throat.

“Jest like her,” muttered the old woman. “Same kind o' high-and-mighty walk. Same kind of hair.”

The figure had mounted the hill and disappeared over the brow. It was not till she had reached the top that she looked back again. The village lay huddled at the foot of the steep hill, a stone's throw, it seemed. Wet roofs gleamed among the trees and bits of smoke hung in the lifting air.

The girl looked at it, a smile of delight in her eyes. The red lips curved softly, as she looked down, and shaped a little smile for themselves. The post-office was the third building to the left of the pond. It was there that he had asked her. She looked up again to the great clouds drifting and rolling in the sky. Her face held a kind of wonder. The world was changed. A bird from a wet bush near by broke into song and the thick clover glinted in the fresh light. It was a beautiful world. She drew a deep breath and looked down at her feet. They were heavy with the mud of the road, but the very mud seemed glorified. She pushed her toe into it and laughed softly as it yielded to the touch and rays of light spread out of it. She had not guessed that he cared. And when she turned about from the office window and saw him standing there, she had moved to one side to let him pass, and he had moved with her and barred the way, lifting his hat. He had such beautiful hair, thick and wavy. She looked up again at the swelling clouds. Then she smiled to herself and walked on.

She turned in at the gate of a tumble-down house. Bricks were gone from the chimney and blinds hung loose here and there, but the path was swept clean and flowers bloomed on either side. A woman sitting at one of the windows leaned forward as she came up the straight walk between the rows of sweet-Williams and larkspur. Elsie looked up and smiled vaguely.

“Didn't you get my book?”

The girl stopped short in the path. “I—I forgot it.”

The woman nodded good-naturedly. “I thought like enough you had when I saw you coming without it. Who'd you see?”

The girl had come into the room and was taking off her hat by the low table across the room. A rich crimson dyed her face. The hands raised to smooth the dark hair on either side of her forehead tried in vain to hide it.

Her mother looked up carelessly. “You must 'a' come up the hill terrible fast. You'd better look out. You'll have heart trouble yet—same as me.”

She got up and waddled comfortably to a pile of books on the table. “I'll have to read something over again,” she said, turning over the books. She picked up a paper-covered one and ran her eye along a page or two. “This'll do all right,” she said.

Elsie watched the figure, uncritically, as it rolled back to its chair by the window and descended into it. The chair creaked beneath the weight.

“I'm real sorry I forgot the book,” said the girl. “I was going to go to the library after I'd got the mail, and I—and—I forgot it.”

“It don't make no difference,” said the woman, “I can read this one just as well.” Her eye was skimming the page. “There wa'n't any mail, was there?”

“No.” The cheeks did not flush this time, but there was a deep, still light in the eyes. She took a book and slate from the table and came across to the other window. She sat down opposite her mother, facing her, and opened the book.

Her mother looked up. “You going to do your algebry?”

“Yes.”

“It'll be time to get supper pretty soon.”

“Yes, I know it.”

Silence fell between them. The woman was lost in the romance before her and the girl's eyes were rested on the problem—“A, B, and C hire a pasture for $300. A puts in 10 sheep for 16 weeks. B puts in 3 horses for 9 weeks. And C puts in 2 cows for 13 weeks” Why had he asked her—out of all the girls? No one had ever asked her before. Her thought halted. It did not touch the heavy figure at the other window. She had never accused her mother. Though she had always known—since that day, years ago, when the boys had taunted her and she had turned on them and nearly killed one of them. She had known then—though she had not shaped it—even in her deepest thought. It was then that she had let down her plaid dress and combed her hair smooth and braided it, and swept and scrubbed the house till it shone, and weeded the beds on either side the front path, and left off a girl's careless romping for the straight, swift walk of a woman. She was only twelve then. Now she was sixteen, and the color under the clear skin was swift and warm.

Why had he asked her? All the girls liked him—and he had never asked them—not one of them—not even to go home from meeting with them. And now—for a whole day—the long drive and the climb up the mountain—and there would be others. They would see that she was the one. Her dark head lifted itself proudly and the clear skin glowed.

Her mother, looking up from her book as she turned the page, stared at her. “You do grow to look like your Grandma Poppleton,” she said lazily.

The girl started and her cheeks flushed. “Do I?”

The woman nodded, half-jealously. “You surely do. You're a good deal more like her'n I ever was. She always said I wa'n't no more kin to her than if I'd been somebody else's child. She was dreadful proud—and I was always a humbly child—fat and kind o' light complected. Maybe that's why we never got on.”

The girl looked at her with fond eyes. “You're pretty now,” she said wistfully.

Her mother smoothed her plump wrists and smiled a little. “You think so. But I wa'n't the kind o' child she wanted. She'd 'a' worshipped you.” Her eyes took in the straight figure with a little envy. “You're the kind she wanted.”

“Didn't she ever see me?” asked Elsie.

The woman shook her head. “She died the winter you was born. She took things hard—always did. One of the tragic kind—not easy-going, like me.” The chair creaked comfortably as it rocked. “And you're the same kind—making mountains out of molehills, and kind o' tempting things to happen. You won't ever be very happy, I don't believe, any more'n she was.'

The girl was leaning forward, her lips parted, and a listening look in her dark face. The knell of her soul sounded, faint and far, and stern lines shaped themselves under the soft contour of her face. A shadow crossed the window, and she started, looking up with a swift breath. “It's father,” she said. “He's come with the cows.”

“Yes, it's time to get supper.”

She put her book and slate on the table and hurried into the kitchen. Presently the sound of her voice came back—singing softly to itself—and the crackling of fresh fire in the stove. When the woman put down her book and came out a man stood by the outer door looking out. He had the face of a prophet, stern and uncouth, with a touch of shame in its depths. He looked at her sombrely, without speaking, and they sat down at the table.

“You going to use Nellie to-morrow, Abner?” asked the woman comfortably.

“No.”

“I kind o' thought Elsie 'n' I'd like to have her, after school, to go over to Clayton.”

“I don't want her used to-morrow at all.”

She looked at him for a moment. “What's the matter with her?”

“Nothing.” He chewed in silence. “I want her to rest. She's got to go forty miles next day.”

The woman leaned forward. “Where to?”

“Over to Halleck's Mountain and back. I've let her for the day—to Hutton.”

The woman's lips paled. “To Sam Hutton?”

“No, to Harlow—the young fellow.”

The girl woke from a dream and looked swiftly from one to the other. A rich color filled her face.

They were not looking at her.

“They must be going to have a picnic,” said the woman slowly. “You might 'a' kept Nellie for Elsie and me to go.” The voice had no complaint.

“Did they ask ye?”

The stern note was lost on her. “Seems 's if Elsie ought to have a chance to go. She never goes anywhere.”

They glanced at the girl. Her face was alight and her throat swelled a little, like a bird's before breaking into song. “I am going,” she said.

“Who asked ye?” It was her father's voice.

“Harlow Hutton.” The words trilled themselves.

The man and woman looked at each other. It was the first time their eyes had met. “Good God!” said the man. The words broke from him.

She frowned at him. “When'd he ask you?” she said. She was looking at the girl with a new interest.

“To-day. When I went down for the mail.”

The man pushed back his chair from the table and rose heavily. “I'm going down to the store,” he said.

She looked at him critically. “You've got to put on your other clothes.”

He went into the bedroom and the woman returned to her seat by the front window. When he passed it she leaned out.

“Abner.”

“What?”

“Don't you go to spoilin' her good time.”

His face was set straight ahead. “I shall tell him,” he said.

“Don't you s'pose he knows?” She was fingering the paper-covered book in her lap and looking down at it.

He turned on her fiercely. “Do you s'pose he'd asked her if he'd known?” The tone shrivelled her.

He strode from the yard and down the long hill, his heavy boots splashing through the half-dried mud and his stern face set before him.

The group of loungers looked up as he entered the store.

“How do, Abner?”

He pushed by them to the other side of the store, and a young man came forward smiling. “Good-evening, Mr. Baynor. Is there something I can do for you?”

Abner looked at him for a moment, dazed, his lips half-parted. “I want some gingham,” he said at last—“shirting; kind o' blue and white, I guess.”

They passed into the other part of the store and the voices of the loungers came faintly to them.

The young man threw down a piece of cloth on the counter, unrolling it swiftly. “How'll that do?” he said. “Fifteen cents a yard. Here's some for eighteen, a little better, but not so pretty.” The heavy roll thumped on the counter as he twirled it and spread it out. His eyes were fixed on the man's face.

Abner looked up slowly. “I've changed my mind about letting you hev' Nellie,” he said.

The young man's face fell. “What's the matter?” he asked.

“I didn't know ye'd asked Elsie when I let her to you.”

“I hadn't, but I meant to.” The blue eyes broke into a quick smile. “I'd planned to have the nicest girl and the nicest horse in town, Mr. Baynor.”

The man's face softened a little. He looked up and met the blue eyes. They were honest and straightforward. He glanced away, fingering the gingham awkwardly. “I thought I ought to tell ye about her” His voice faltered.

“About Nellie? Oh, I know—she's high-spirited. But I'll have Elsie to help me manage her. She can do it, they say.” He spoke half-laughingly to hide a note of anxiety.

“Yes, she can manage her.” The man regarded him sombrely. “How long you going to be here?” he asked suddenly.

“Here? In town?”

“Yes.”

The young man's face grew grave. “I am going away next week.”

The other nodded. “I'd heard suthin' of the kind. You going to stay?”

“Yes.”

“Where is it?”

“My uncle's store in New York. He offered me the place when I left college. But I thought I'd better help father. He seemed to want me to. But lately he's been talking the other way, and last night he said I'd better go.”

Abner was studying the ingenuous face, his own in the shadow. “D'he know you was going to take Elsie to the Mountain?”

“Yes.”

Abner's face worked strangely.

The young man waited a minute. A hush had fallen on the group in the other room. He leaned forward and spoke in a low voice, “I don't know why you don't want me to take her, Mr. Baynor, nor why my father didn't. But I know that I'm honest. She's only a child, and I'd meant to wait. But before God, she's the woman I shall marry some day.”

The man before him staggered a little. He clutched at the counter and his lips parted. “Marry her! Good God, man, you can't marry her! She's your half-sister!” he said hoarsely.

The young man's face grew white. “You lie!” he said.

“Your father and hers is the same man,” retorted Abner.

The other stared at him. Through the silence low voices droned from the room beyond. “Then who are you?” said the young man at last. His throat was dry and his face worked.

“I am the man she calls father,” said Abner briefly. “I'll take two yards of that gingham.” He laid a gaunt finger on the cheaper piece.

The young man cut it off and did it up for him. He took the money and made change, a stunned look in his clear eyes—as if someone had struck him.

With the roll of gingham in his hand Abner went out. As he toiled up the steep hill he stopped in the darkness and wiped the great drops from his forehead. “I hed to tell him,” he muttered, “I hed to tell him. I couldn't tell her. 'Twould 'a' killed her.” He had known from the first that the child that was coming was not his, and the knowledge had made him very tender of her.

When he came into the lighted room he threw the parcel on the table and passed into the room beyond.

“What did you get, father?” asked Elsie, untying it with swift fingers. Her face glowed with fresh, clear color, and her eyes were stars.

Abner had not looked at her.

“Gingham!” she laughed, unrolling it on the table. “Look, mother! What's it for, father?” She stepped to the door of the dark room beyond and looked in.

“Some shirts for me,” said Abner out of the darkness.

She turned back, her eyes overflowing with laughter in the soft light. “Shirts!” she said to her mother. She tossed it out to its full length. “Shirts! Two yards! There isn't enough for one!” She laughed softly. “I shall keep it for an apron. Can I have it for an apron, father?” she called to him.

There was no response from the dark room.

“Don't bother him,” said her mother, “he's gone to bed, like enough. Pretty gingham, ain't it?”

girl had come out of the post-office. She stood for a moment looking in either direction. Then she turned towards the long hill. She had not expected to see him to-day. She had only stopped at the office on the way home from school. If he had happened to be there—in the office or at the store door—she would have bowed to him. But there was no need. She lifted her head proudly—and saw him. He was coming towards her, along the walk, with his father. Her head was like a flower on its stalk and her heart sang.

When he was opposite her, he lifted his hat. She swayed a little. What was it—in his eyes? Pity—loathing—love? No one should look at her like that! The short man beside him, with gray mustache and goatee, nodded to her curtly as they passed. Her soul shrank a little and shivered in its beating. “You'd better take the seven-thirty, Harl.” The words caught at her ear and followed her up the long hill. Why had he looked at her like that? Why had he not stopped to speak? Why should he take the seven-thirty? Were they not to go to-morrow to Halleck's Mountain? She caught her breath with a quiver of the lip, and turned into the straight, flower-bordered path.

“Can't you hurry a little, Elsie?” It was her mother's plaintive voice at the window. She quickened her pace and looked up inquiringly towards the window.

“He says we can have Nellie to go to Clayton, after all,” said her mother.

The girl looked at her doubtingly. “Doesn't he want her to rest—for to-morrow?”

“He says we can take her,” said her mother evasively. “You're late.”

“Yes, I came by the office. I'm all ready. Is she harnessed?”

“She's tied to the shed.”

The girl untied the horse and drove around to the horse-block. The touch of the taut reins in her fingers stilled her swift heart and brought her back to herself.

“Steady, Nell!” she said. The quivering horse quieted down, and she held out a hand to her mother. “Quick!”

Her mother climbed heavily in, puffing a little. She had on a wide muslin hat, trimmed with pink flowers, and bits of lace at her plump wrists. Elsie smiled at her approvingly. “It looks as good as new,” she said.

Her mother nodded as she settled herself in the seat. Her breath came in soft pants. “I made it over,” she said. “Took off all the stuff and ironed it and shirred it on again.” Her head bridled a little under its light cover.

Elsie laughed softly and tightened her hold on the reins. “It's the third time this year.”

“The least bit of wetting spoils it,” complained her mother. “I can't help its raining.”

Elsie looked up at the clear, floating clouds. 'No danger to-day,” she said; “it couldn't rain if it tried.”

Her mother shook her head doubtingly. “You can't ever tell,” she said. “The strangest things happen. If I was alone, I should know it wouldn't rain. But seems, sometimes, as if you kind o' tempted it to. Your Grandma Poppleton was just the same,” she went on plaintively, “stirring things up as long as she lived. Now I can do things—real risky things—and nothing comes of it.” Her gaze floated over the still, country fields. “Sometimes I wish something would happen,” she said pensively.

The girl made no response. Her dark face had resumed its stern lines and a brooding look filled the eyes, a look of vague dread. They drove on in silence, through the flecking shadows of the road, into the stretch of deep pine wood and out again into the sunshine. Her thoughts followed the look in his eyes. What was it? Why should he despise her? What right had he? Suddenly the blood flamed high in her face and she moved a little away from the plump figure beside her. She glanced at it askance, her eyes wide with questioning. Disbelief and insight struggled in them. The terror filled them. This was what they had meant—those boys. No one had taunted her since then—no one had dared. They had only left her alone. Her head drooped forward on her breast. And he had heard? She half turned to the figure beside her. Then she shrank back upon herself. What could she ask her—her mother! A sound crossed the silence—a wood-bird calling softly through the cool, green light.

Then her mother broke in. She did not like the silences. The girl responded in broken snatches. They floated on the undercurrent of her thought. It was not till they were coming home that she roused herself. They had come to the fork of the roads and her mother touched the reins lightly. “Let's go home by the store,” she said coaxingly, “I didn't have near enough lace for my sleeves.”

Without a word, the girl obeyed. Her head lifted itself. She drove swiftly along the level road, between full-branched alders and shimmering birches. She would see him again—see him—see him. The hot blood of sixteen mounted to her throat and beat in her temples. Over it the guard of ages kept watch. It coiled itself to protect her. He should not look at her again—like that.

Swiftly they turned the curve that led to the store. The even beat of the horse's hoofs sounded on the road. A young man standing near the store door looked up quickly. Another sound mingled with the even hoofs, and he turned his head to the long hill. Half-way down its length a red mass thundered—steam and motion and weight—the new automobile from Stockton!

The girl had grown pale to the lips. “Jump, mother!” she said. She held the reins in firm hand and reached out for the whip.

“I can't, Elsie, I'm too heavy.” She sank back panting.

“Jump, I tell you! Nothing can hold her!”

The young man dashed forward and caught at the rearing bit. He swung on it heavily, from side to side. The maddened head reared itself, and hoofs struck at him, like brushwood, and trampled him. The wheels jolted where he lay.

“Mother,”—the girl's voice was steady,—“she's heading for the dam. You must jump!”

Slowly the weight raised itself and sank back. “I can't—jump—dear.”

The girl's hands upon the reins were like iron. The veins stood out on them, and bits of blood and foam came tossing back and flecked her face and blinded her. Her touch was a feather's weight on the rush of fury. With a ring of sharp iron the hoofs struck the low parapet of the dam. A dozen feet were running to help her. The automobile hung poised on the hill, held in its course. There was a breathless rocking, a woman's scream, a whirl of wheels—and blank space.

When they reached the parapet and looked down they saw, at the foot of the dam, the wagon, by some miracle of chance, standing upright, and in it the woman, crouched in the bottom, gazing blankly at the wall of falling water and wiping the drops from her face.

Half-way down the stone coping, where a young maple shot out its strong arm, the figure of the girl had been caught from its seat. It hung, midway, the scarlet ribbon on her hair floating like a blossom in the leaves. They knew she was dead before they reached her. Her head was limp on its stem, and her hands were relaxed.

They bore her up the hill, past the store, where, on the counter, stretched another figure, still and straight—up the hill, past the little house with its lace-edged curtains and the old face peering out between—over the brow of the hill, with the village huddled beneath, roofs and chimneys—up the straight, flower-bordered path at last, to her home.

The two burials were the same day. And behind each coffin walked a man alone. The short, stern man, with the gray mustache and goatee, followed his son to the grave—his only son and child. They buried him by his mother, who had died fifteen years before—of heartbreak, the neighbors said.

Abner walked alone. The woman lay in a darkened room, her breath coming and going in soft, quick pants.

“Die?” said the village doctor, when they pressed him. “No, she'll not die. She's not the kind that dies. She's been a good deal shook up and bruised and scared, but she'll get well.” So in her darkened room the woman asked faintly for a glass of water, and drank it, and wept a little, and crept back to life.

And out in the sunshine, among the graves, the birds sang and the fresh-turned earth was sweet in the wind. Daisies nodded on their stems, and the clovers lifted full, crimson stalks, and bobolinks lighted among them, atilt, and burst into song. And the light on the girl's grave was even and serene. The afternoon light glowed among the graves. They stretched away to left and right and gathered her in among them. For the earth is sweet at last.

title: A Thread of Scarlet


text: Page:The Remains of Hesiod the Ascraean, including the Shield of Hercules - Elton (1815).djvu/88

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 * (n) the President may, by public notification, extend with such restrictions or modifications as he thinks fit to the State of Sikkim any enactment which is in force in a State in India at the date of the notification;
 * (o) if any difficulty arises in giving effect to any of the foregoing provisions of this article, the President may, by order, do anything (including any adaptation or modification of any other article) which appears to him to be necessary for the purpose of removing that difficulty:
 * Provided that no such order shall be made after the expiry of two years from the appointed day;
 * (p) all things done and all actions taken in or in relation to the State of Sikkim or the territories comprised therein during the period commencing on the appointed day and ending immediately before the date on which the Constitution (Thirty-sixth Amendment) Act, 1975, receives the assent of the President shall, in so far as they are in conformity with the provisions of this Constitution as amended by the Constitution (Thirty-sixth Amendment) Act, 1975, be deemed for all purposes to have been validly done or taken under this Constitution as so amended.]

['''371G. Special provision with respect to the State of Mizoram.'''—Notwithstanding anything in this Constitution,—
 * (a) no Act of Parliament in respect of—
 * (i) religious or social practices of the Mizos,
 * (ii) Mizo customary law and procedure,
 * (iii) administration of civil and criminal justice involving decisions according to Mizo customary law,
 * (iv) ownership and transfer of land,

shall apply to the State of Mizoram unless the Legislative Assembly of the State of Mizoram by a resolution so decides:

Provided that nothing in this clause shall apply to any Central Act in force in the Union territory of Mizoram immediately before the commencement of the Constitution (Fifty-third Amendment) Act, 1986;
 * (b) the Legislative Assembly of the State of Mizoram shall consist of not less than forty members.]

['''371H. Special provision with respect to the State of Arunachal Pradesh.'''—Notwithstanding anything in this Constitution,—
 * (a) the Governor of Arunachal Pradesh shall have special responsibility with respect to law and order in the State of Arunachal Pradesh and in the discharge of his functions in relation thereto, the Governor shall, after consulting the Council of Ministers, exercise his individual judgment as to the action to be taken:

 * Provided that if any question arises whether any matter is or is not a matter as respects which the Governor is under this clause required to act in the exercise of his individual judgment, the decision of

the Governor in his discretion shall be final, and the validity of anything done by the Governor shall not be called in question on the ground that he ought or ought not to have acted in the exercise of his individual judgment:

 * Provided further that if the President on receipt of a report from the Governor or otherwise is satisfied that it is no longer necessary for the Governor to have special responsibility with respect to law and order in the State of Arunachal Pradesh, he may by order direct that the Governor shall cease to have such responsibility with effect from such date as may be specified in the order;


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 :(b) the Legislative Assembly of the State of Arunachal Pradesh shall consist of not less than thirty members.]

['''371-I. Special provision with respect to the State of Goa.'''—Notwithstanding anything in this Constitution, the Legislative Assembly of the State of Goa shall consist of not less than thirty members.]

['''371J. Special provisions with respect to the State of Karnataka.'''— (1) The President may, by order made with respect to the State of Karnataka, provide for any special responsibility of the Governor for—
 * (a) establishment of a separate development board for Hyderabad-Karnataka region with the provision that a report on the working of the board will be placed each year before the State Legislative Assembly;
 * (b) equitable allocation of funds for developmental expenditure over the said region, subject to the requirements of the State as a whole; and
 * (c) equitable opportunities and facilities for the people belonging to the said region, in matters of public employment, education and vocational training, subject to the requirements of the State as a whole.

(2) An order made under sub- clause (c) of clause (1) may provide for—
 * (a) reservation of a proportion of seats educational and vocational training institutions in the Hyderabad-Karnataka region for students who belong to that region by birth or by domicile; and
 * (b) identification of posts or classes of posts under the State Government and in any body or organisation under the control of the State Government in the Hyderabad-Karnataka region and reservation of a proportion of such posts for persons who belong to that region by birth or by domicile and for appointment thereto by direct recruitment or by promotion or in any other manner as may be specified in the order.]

372. Continuance in force of existing laws and their adaptation.—(1) Notwithstanding the repeal by this Constitution of the enactments referred to in article 395 but subject to the other provisions of this Constitution, all the law in force in the territory of India immediately before the commencement of this Constitution shall continue in force therein until altered or repealed or amended by a competent Legislature or other competent authority.

(2) For the purpose of bringing the provisions of any law in force in the territory of India into accord with the provisions of this Constitution, the President may by order make such adaptations and modifications of such law, whether by way of repeal or amendment, as may be necessary or expedient, and provide that the law shall, as from such date as may be specified in the order, have effect subject to the adaptations and modifications so made, and any such adaptation or modification shall not be questioned in any court of law.

(3) Nothing in clause (2) shall be deemed—
 * (a) to empower the President to make any adaptation or modification of any law after the expiration of [three years] from the commencement of this Constitution; or
 * (b) to prevent any competent Legislature or other competent authority from repealing or amending any law adapted or modified by the President under the said clause.
 * Explanation I.—The expression “law in force” in this article shall include a law passed or made by


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trees of pyramidal habit and aromatic odour, belonging to the tribe Cupressineæ of the order Coniferæ. Branches spreading and much ramified, terminating in so-called "branch-systems," which are flattened in one plane and are 2-, 3-, or 4-pinnately divided, their primary and other axes being densely clothed with scale-like leaves. These branch-systems when they fall are cast off as a whole, the leaves not falling separately. The leaves, which are minute, are more or less coalesced with the axes, on which they stand in 4 ranks in 2 decussate pairs, those of the lateral ranks being conduplicate or boat-shaped, those placed dorsally and ventrally being flattened. In the seedling stage and certain horticultural varieties, the foliage is different, the leaves being acicular, spreading, and uniform; all 4 ranks in this case are alike.

Flowers monœcious, all solitary and terminal on the ultimate short branchlets of the preceding year, the male and female flowers on different branchlets, the former on the branchlets near the base of the shoot, the latter on those near its summit. Male flowers cylindrical or globular, consisting of 3 to 6 pairs of stamens placed decussately on an axis, each with an orbicular connective bearing 2 to 4 pollen sacs. Female flowers minute cones, composed of opposite scales in which no distinction of ovular scale and bract is visible, continuous in series with the leaves at the end of the branchlet, 2 to 4 pairs in Biota, 4 to 6 pairs in Euthuya, mucronate at the apex, some sterile, the others fertile and bearing 2 to 3 ovules.

Cones solitary, ultimately deflected, except in Biota, in which they retain the erect position, oblong, ovoid, or almost globose, composed of 3 to 6 pairs of decussate scales, which are not peltate, some fertile, the others sterile, the uppermost often united together. Seeds 2 to 3 on each fertile scale. Cotyledons 2.

The genus Thuya, as understood here, does not include Chamæcyparis and


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: a Legislature or other competent authority in the territory of India before the commencement of this Constitution and not previously repealed, notwithstanding that it or parts of it may not be then in operation either at all or in particular areas.

 * Explanation II.—Any law passed or made by a Legislature or other competent authority in the territory of India which immediately before the commencement of this Constitution had extra-territorial effect as well as effect in the territory of India shall, subject to any such adaptations and modifications as aforesaid, continue to have such extra-territorial effect.

 * Explanation III.—Nothing in this article shall be construed as continuing any temporary law in force beyond the date fixed for its expiration or the date on which it would have expired if this Constitution had not come into force.

 * Explanation IV.—An Ordinance promulgated by the Governor of a Province under section 88 of the Government of India Act, 1935, and in force immediately before the commencement of this Constitution shall, unless withdrawn by the Governor of the corresponding State earlier, cease to operate at the expiration of six weeks from the first meeting after such commencement of the Legislative Assembly of that State functioning under clause (1) of article 382, and nothing in this article shall be construed as continuing any such Ordinance in force beyond the said period.

['''372A. Power of the President to adapt laws.'''—(1) For the purposes of bringing the provisions of any law in force in India or in any part thereof, immediately before the commencement of the Constitution (Seventh Amendment) Act, 1956, into accord with the provisions of this Constitution as amended by that Act, the President may by order made before the first day of November, 1957, make such adaptations and modifications of the law, whether by way of repeal or amendment, as may be necessary or expedient, and provide that the law shall, as from such date as may be specified in the order, have effect subject to the adaptations and modifications so made, and any such adaptation or modification shall not be questioned in any court of law.

(2) Nothing in clause (1) shall be deemed to prevent a competent Legislature or other competent authority from repealing or amending any law adapted or modified by the President under the said clause.]

373. Power of President to make order in respect of persons under preventive detention in certain cases.—Until provision is made by Parliament under clause (7) of article 22, or until the expiration of one year from the commencement of this Constitution, whichever is earlier, the said article shall have effect as if for any reference to Parliament in clauses (4) and (7) thereof there were substituted a reference to the President and for any reference to any law made by Parliament in those clauses there were substituted a reference to an order made by the President.

374. Provisions as to Judges of the Federal Court and proceedings pending in the Federal Court or before His Majesty in Council.—(1) The Judges of the Federal Court holding office immediately before the commencement of this Constitution shall, unless they have elected otherwise, become on such commencement the Judges of the Supreme Court and shall thereupon be entitled to such salaries and allowances and to such rights in respect of leave of absence and pension as are provided for under article 125 in respect of the Judges of the Supreme Court.

(2) All suits, appeals and proceedings, civil or criminal, pending in the Federal Court at the commencement of this Constitution shall stand removed to the Supreme Court, and the Supreme Court shall have jurisdiction to hear and determine the same, and the judgments and orders of the Federal Court delivered or made before the commencement of this Constitution shall have the same force and effect as if they had been delivered or made by the Supreme Court.

(3) Nothing in this Constitution shall operate to invalidate the exercise of jurisdiction by His Majesty in Council to dispose of appeals and petitions from, or in respect of, any judgment, decree or order of any court within the territory of India in so far as the exercise of such jurisdiction is authorised by law, and any


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184

A lofty tree, attaining a height of 200 feet, with a trunk remarkably conical, the base being broad and buttressed, sometimes girthing as much as 40 to 50 feet near the ground.

Bark of the trunk fissuring longitudinally in narrow thick plates, which scale off, leaving exposed the reddish brown cortex beneath. On the branches, the bark only begins to scale when they become old and thick. Branches horizontal, ascending towards their ends, forming in England a dense, narrow, pyramidal tree, usually clothed to the base.

The 3-4 pinnate branch-systems, disposed in horizontal planes, have their main axes terete and covered with long leaves ending in acute points which keep parallel to the axes. The glands on these leaves are inconspicuous or absent. On the ultimate axes the leaves are smaller, the flat ones scarcely glandular, and ending in mucronate points; the lateral ones keeled on the back, slightly curved, and ending in sharp cartilaginous points. On the lower surface of most branchlets the foliage is streaked with white, some branchlets usually remaining uniformly green.

The male flowers are dark red in colour, cylindrical, and composed of about 6 decussate pairs of stamens.

The cones when ripe do not remain erect, but are deflected out of the plane of the branchlets. They are oblong, light brown in colour, and composed of 5 to 6 pairs of scales, of which the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th pairs are larger than the others, and fertile. The scales are oval or spathulate, with a rounded apex, from immediately below which externally a small deltoid process is given off. The seeds, 2 or 3 on each fertile scale, are brown in colour, two-thirds the length of the scale, and surrounded laterally by a scarious wing, which is deeply notched at its summit.

Seedling. —The 2 cotyledons are linear, flat, acute at the apex, and slightly tapering towards the base, supported on a terete caulicle, about $3/5$ inch long, which ends in a long brown flexuose primary root giving off a few fibres. The stem, terete and smooth near the base, becomes ridged above by the decurrent leaf-bases. The first 4 true leaves are in opposite pairs, decussate with the cotyledons. Above these the stem gives off a number of whorls or pseudo-whorls of longer (½ inch) sharply pointed leaves, dark green above and pale beneath, with markedly decurrent


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 order of His Majesty in Council made on any such appeal or petition after the commencement of this Constitution shall for all purposes have effect as if it were an order or decree made by the Supreme Court in the exercise of the jurisdiction conferred on such Court by this Constitution.

(4) On and from the commencement of this Constitution the jurisdiction of the authority functioning as the Privy Council in a State specified in Part B of the First Schedule to entertain and dispose of appeals and petitions from or in respect of any judgment, decree or order of any court within that State shall cease, and all appeals and other proceedings pending before the said authority at such commencement shall be transferred to, and disposed of by, the Supreme Court.

(5) Further provision may be made by Parliament by law to give effect to the provisions of this article.

375. Courts, authorities and officers to continue to function subject to the provisions of the Constitution.—All courts of civil, criminal and revenue jurisdiction, all authorities and all officers, judicial, executive and ministerial, throughout the territory of India, shall continue to exercise their respective functions subject to the provisions of this Constitution.

376. Provisions as to Judges of High Courts.—(1) Notwithstanding anything in clause (2) of article 217, the Judges of a High Court in any Province holding office immediately before the commencement of this Constitution shall, unless they have elected otherwise, become on such commencement the Judges of the High Court in the corresponding State, and shall thereupon be entitled to such salaries and allowances and to such rights in respect of leave of absence and pension as are provided for under article 221 in respect of the Judges of such High Court. [Any such Judge shall, notwithstanding that he is not a citizen of India, be eligible for appointment as Chief Justice of such High Court, or as Chief Justice or other Judge of any other High Court.]

(2) The Judges of a High Court in any Indian State corresponding to any State specified in Part B of the First Schedule holding office immediately before the commencement of this Constitution shall, unless they have elected otherwise, become on such commencement the Judges of the High Court in the State so specified and shall, notwithstanding anything in clauses (1) and (2) of article 217 but subject to the proviso to clause (1) of that article, continue to hold office until the expiration of such period as the President may by order determine.

(3) In this article, the expression “Judge” does not include an acting Judge or an additional Judge.

377. Provisions as to Comptroller and Auditor-General of India.—The Auditor-General of India holding office immediately before the commencement of this Constitution shall, unless he has elected otherwise, become on such commencement the Comptroller and Auditor-General of India and shall thereupon be entitled to such salaries and to such rights in respect of leave of absence and pension as are provided for under clause (3) of article 148 in respect of the Comptroller and Auditor-General of India and be entitled to continue to hold office until the expiration of his term of office as determined under the provisions which were applicable to him immediately before such commencement.

378. Provisions as to Public Service Commissions.—(1) The members of the Public Service Commission for the Dominion of India holding office immediately before the commencement of this Constitution shall, unless they have elected otherwise, become on such commencement the members of the Public Service Commission for the Union and shall, notwithstanding anything in clauses (1) and (2) of article 316 but subject to the proviso to clause (2) of that article, continue to hold office until the expiration of their term of office as determined under the rules which were applicable immediately before such commencement to such members.

(2) The Members of a Public Service Commission of a Province or of a Public Service Commission serving the needs of a group of Provinces holding office immediately before the commencement of this Constitution shall, unless they have elected otherwise, become on such commencement the members of the Public Service Commission for the corresponding State or the members of the Joint State Public Service Commission serving


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186 It is scarce in the dry belt of country east of the Cascade Mountains, but common in the Selkirk and Gold ranges, though, so far as I know, it never extends to the eastern side of the Rocky Mountains.

On the coast and in Vancouver Island it attains an immense size. I have never measured trees more than 200 to 220 feet high, but Prof Sheldon says that it attains 250 feet in Oregon, though no actual measurements are given. As regards their girth, I have measured two trees which may have grown from the same root, so close do they stand together, one of which was 39, the other 25 feet at 5 feet from the ground. These stand on Mr. Barkley's farm in Vancouver Island, in swampy land near sea level, and are figured in Plate 56. At over 2000 feet elevation in Oregon I measured another, also a twin tree, which was 30 feet in girth. Mr. Anderson states that he has seen Indian canoes 6 feet and more from the level of the gunwale to the bottom, hewn out of a log of this tree, such canoes being often 50 feet and more long, A hewn plank 5 feet wide by 15 feet long is in the museum at Victoria, B.C., and split boards, quite straight, 12 feet long and 15 inches wide, are made from it without difficulty.

The natural reproduction by seed was, wherever I saw it, very good, though in the densest shade the western hemlock seemed to have the advantage.

Wherever I have seen this tree growing in England and Scotland it is a vigorous, healthy tree of great beauty and promise, and one that I think is likely in fifty years or so to become a more valuable timber tree than the silver fir or spruce.

It has been stated in a report by Herr Bohm, in the March number of the ''Zeitschrift für Forst. u. JagdweserJagdwesen [sic] for 1896, that the parasitic fungus Pestalozzia funerea'' has done serious damage to the tree in North Germany, and statements to the same effect have been made elsewhere; but I can say that out of the thousands of this tree that I have raised from English seed and planted out in a bad soil and climate, I have never had any die from any disease whatever, and have found it an easier tree both to raise and to transplant than any other conifer. It will grow on almost any soil at the rate of at least one foot per annum, as in damp, cold bottoms where the spruce will hardly thrive, on the poor dry oolite soil of the Cotswold hills, and seems equally indifferent to wind, damp, and spring frosts. It seldom loses its leader, is rarely blown down, endures heavy shade, and transplants both in


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. Goodness gracious! Remember what it costs to live in Madrid. The first word you speak here is dear.

. You might look in for a moment at our house, if you think so.

. Thanks for the invitation, Paquita.

. Although, of course, married people have compensations which you bachelors do not enjoy.

. Evidently.

. Now you must tell me every single thing that you did to-day.

. I got up, to begin with, very early; it might have been seven. I saw it was cloudy; then I was afraid it was going to rain…

. Who is talking in the hall? I hear Julio.

. Señora! Señora!

. What is it?

. Don't be so excitable.

. Word from my husband!

. No… [To ] Ask them into the parlor. Light the lights. Hurry!

. They said they would rather come where you were; they are friends. They are taking off their things.

. Who is it?

. Prepare for a surprise, a tremendous surprise: Doña Teresa and Emilia calling with my son.

. God-a-mercy! I am a perfect sight! I'll slip out this way, and slide down the hall. Don't let them know. Enjoy yourselves; I am needed at home, anyhow. Here they come… Ah! I am going to peep through the door as I go, and see what they have on.


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188 will attain the same dimensions that it does in America, but there are many trees which are already 60 to 70 feet in height at less than fifty years from seed.

By far the finest that I have seen or heard of are at Fonthill Abbey, Wilts, the residence of Lady Octavia Shaw-Stewart, which were raised in the late Duke of Westminster's gardens at Eaton Hall from seeds collected for Lord Stalbridge in 1860. Here, on a bed of greensand at an elevation of 400 to 500 feet, well sheltered from wind, are growing some of the finest and best grown conifers in Great Britain. In a group of three Thuyas, the middle one measured in 1906, as nearly as I could ascertain, not less than 90 and probably 95 feet in height by 10 feet in girth, and already began to show the buttressed trunk which is so characteristic in its native country. The other two trees were not much less in size, and all were a picture of health and symmetry (Plate 57).

The next tallest that we know of is a tree at Albury Park, the Surrey seat of the Duke of Northumberland. This was measured by Henry in 1904, and by myself in 1905, but owing to the way in which it is shut in by other trees it is difficult to measure accurately, and though the late Mr. Leach, the head gardener at Albury, and Dr. Henry both considered it about 90 feet high, I should not like to say that it is over 80, with a girth of 7 feet 6 inches. It is, however, a very healthy and vigorous tree, and growing fast, and the Duke's agent and gardener both hold a very high opinion of the probable value of the tree for timber, and are planting it largely on the estate. See Gard. Chron. Jan. 30, 1892, where an account is given of the trees at Albury in which Mr. Leach is quoted as saying: "If I had 1000 acres to plant with trees that would give the most remunerative return in a given time, the above would be my mainstay."

Sir Charles Strickland, one of the oldest and most experienced planters in England, also has a high opinion of this tree, and is quoted as follows by Mr. A.D. Webster in an article on this tree in ''Trans. Scottish Arb. Soc.'' vol. xii. p. 343:—"There is a hillside here (Hildenley, Yorkshire), with a thin soil upon limestone rock, which I planted two or three times over with very small success—chiefly, I believe, on account of the extreme dryness of the site. The Thuya grows there with great vigour, and I have scarcely lost one of those planted. Among the other merits of this Thuya is the ease with which it may be transplanted, owing to its having bushy, fibrous roots, instead of the long tangles which larch and many other conifers have."

I saw this plantation in 1905, and though the situation is too dry for Thuya to grow to any size, it bears out Sir Charles's good opinion. He has continued to raise the tree largely from his own seed, and is planting them largely at 5 feet apart, without mixture.

At Castlehill, North Devon, the seat of Earl Fortescue, there are also very fine specimens of Thuya plicata. The best is growing in a quarry in a well-sheltered place, but on dry, rocky ground. It measured in April 1905 about 74 feet high by 5 feet 11 inches in girth, and bids fair to become a noble tree.

At Fulmodestone, Norfolk, there are two trees, planted in 1863, which measured in 1905, 67 feet by 7 feet, and 61 feet by 6 feet 8 inches, and have natural seedlings around them.


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6 The 2nd Battalion remained in Quantico. The weather grew colder and more severe, but training progressed. French, British and Italian officers came to Quantico to lecture upon the various phases of modern warfare and schools were held in the basic principles of warfare in general and modern trench warfare in particular. As the days passed rumors for departure for France became more frequent and yet there was no move. The battalion as a result of its continuous training became very proficient in drill, maneuvers and general combat. A generous proportion of furloughs both for men and officers was granted for Christmas and eagerly accepted. But it was not until January 19, 1918, that the battalion, with Lieut. Colonel Lee, finally left Quantico for League Island. The transport Henderson was waiting there and on the following day, January 20th, sailed for New York Harbor. The Henderson lay anchored off Staten Island for five days. On the night of the 24th of January the convey got under way. The voyage was uneventful in a military sense. No submarines were sighted and nothing eventful occurred. Nevertheless the formidable convoy, the submarine watches and the numerous precautionary measures kept the atmosphere charged with suppressed excitement, especially in the submarine zone The convoy bore well to the south and deviated considerably from the usual trans-Atlantic routes. On February 5th the Henderson arrived at the Port of San Nazaire. Adequate facilities for transportation were not immediately available and the battlion remained aboard the Henderson until February 8th. The entire Sixth Regiment was now in France.

In the meantime the 1st Battalion, which had arrived at San Nazaire on October 5, 1917, was stationed just outside of the town in a large camp composed of French wooden barracks, which were not in the best condition. Immediately after its arrival the 1st Battalion was assigned to guard duty at the camp and on the docks, and those who were not included in these details spent their time unloading ships as they arrived in port. A large working party of about two hundred men a day was furnished by the battalion for work on a large dam near the camp, which was being constructed under the supervision of the 17th Engineers, who were also stationed in the same camp. On October 15th Major Hughes and twelve other officers left San Nazaire for Gondrecourt, where the 1st Corps School was held. Captain Robert E. Adams, who shortly afterwards received his commission as Major, was in command of the 1st Battalion while Major Hughes was at Gondrecourt. On November 7, 1917, the commanding officer, upon the order of the local military authorities, sent the 95th Company to do guard duty at Brest and La Havre, two platoons going to each of these places. This company was reassembled at Brest on December 13th, on which date it took over the Pontanezen barracks from the French. This battalion also sent one platoon, on December 17th, from the 76th Company and thirty men from the 74th Company to San Nazaire for duty as military police and dock guards at Nantes. The rest of the 1st Battalion remained at 5an Nazaire


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 ] his theological labours. In course of time the orator was raised to the Cardinalate.

Nothing can better reveal the effect of this announcement on the minority than the terms in which the Archbishop of Paris denounced it in a letter to Cardinal Antonelli, the Papal Secretary of State.

Now the writer of this fervid denunciation was conspicuous for acuteness, tact, reserve, discretion, self-control. What it meant for such a nature to speak this way may be imagined. Nothing can better show


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190 At Dartrey, in co. Monaghan, the Earl of Dartrey planted in 1882 a considerable area of slightly hilly ground with a mixture of larch, spruce, Douglas fir, and Thuya. In 1904, twenty-two years after planting, of the four species, all grown densely under the same conditions, the Thuya had made the most timber, the trees averaging 40 to 50 feet in height by 4½ feet in girth. The Douglas fir was slightly taller, but not so stout in the stem, averaging about 3½ feet in girth. The Earl of Dartrey speaks very highly of the timber of Thuya, which he considers to be superior to that of the best larch.

At Brockley Park, Queen's Co., the residence of Mr. Wm. Young, there are trees growing on light soil on limestone, which have made 40 cubic feet of timber in 30 years, and 50 feet in 35 years. The tallest tree, 30 years old, was in 1906 64 feet high by 7 feet 9 inches at a foot from the ground, and 3½ feet girth at 24 feet up; and its branches were 105 feet in circumference.

Sargent says, Garden and Forest, iv. p. 109: "The wood is very valuable; it is light, soft, and easily worked, and so durable in contact with the ground, or when exposed to the elements, that no one has ever known it long enough to see it decay."

The great value of the cedar for shingle-making has long been known, and several instances were mentioned by reliable people in Vancouver Island of handmade shingles, or "shakes" as they are called, remaining good 40 to 50 years on roofs without decaying in the wet climate of this island.

They are now manufactured on a very large scale by machinery in all the Puget Sound mills, and exported largely to the middle and eastern states in neat bundles, and I have no doubt that, if carefully selected and laid, such shingles would be very suitable for roofing in England. Sargent says, Garden and Forest, iv. p. 242, "that nearly 100 mills were in 1891 exclusively devoted to making Red Cedar shingles, and that the combined output of half of these operated by one company was 3,500,000 per diem. They are now supplanting the Pine shingle of Michigan, the Cypress shingle of the south, and the Redwood shingle of California."

As a rule in the American forests, they begin to decay at the heart long before they attain their full growth, and the trunk seems to continue growing round the hollow centre for an almost indefinite time, as in the case of the yew. On drier land it keeps sound longer, and if cut when 2 to 3 feet in diameter the wood is probably at its best. It resists decay for an immense time when fallen.

For inside finish the wood is excellent, though not hard enough for flooring and wainscot, or strong enough for joists. For ceiling and panelling it is most ornamental when well cut, as I saw in the Hotel at Duncan's, Vancouver Island.

Mr. Stewart has found at Benmore that it is very suitable for all estate purposes, and prefers it to larch for planking and fencing, as he finds it less liable to warp and crack.


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 260 the intense strain on the feelings of the minority than the fire and passion in this utterance of one of the coldest of their number.

The Archbishop's warning produced no practical effect.

A French pamphlet, entitled "The Freedom of the Council and Infallibility," said to be the work of the Archbishop of Paris, gives an extremely powerful description of the situation in Rome, from the minority standpoint, on the 1st of June. Only fifty copies were printed, and it was intended exclusively for circulation among the Cardinals.

"Wide-spread complaints exist," says the writer, "that the Council is not free. This is momentous, for it affects its ecumenicity. Some indeed assure us that all is well since the Pope is free. This is not the Catholic conviction, and will only satisfy one side. It is useless to bid us observe a respectful silence. The integrity of history must be secured against party spirit. Moreover we have now reached the second period of the Council's activities.

"From the very beginning Papal Infallibility has been the main affair. To-day it has become the only interest. The time for concealment is past. The Council has only been assembled for this end. And now the Pope has postponed all other considerations and proceeds to throw this doctrine suddenly and irregularly into their midst. This is an amazing act of sovereign authority, a sort of coup d'etat. Nevertheless, it has been throughout the aim, although the secret aim, of the Assembly at the Vatican. The majority declares the doctrine to be urgently necessary. But why this urgency? A question which without peril to the Church has waited eighteen hundred years might possibly still afford to wait, at least for months. Precipitation,


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. This is an unusual hour for a call.

. My dear, it is in the family.

. [Outside] Mother! Mother!

. Julio!

. See whom I am bringing with me.

. Good evening, Carmen. Good evening, Luisita.

. Gracious, this is a surprise!

. How are you, Luisita?

. Emilia…

. Why didn't you go into the parlor?

. No, we only dropped in informally; we prefer it where you are. But we interrupt…

. Not at all.

. How are you, Adelaida? It is a long time since I have seen you.

. You have moved so far away. I was explaining to Emilia…

. Your brother and Galán are both looking well.

. Señora!

. Do sit down.

. Julio called at our house, as he does every evening—I trust that I am not betraying any secret?

. No, indeed.

. Not that I wish to be understood as encouraging visits from a young man, even in the light of suitor, but a mother, as you realize, is not always in a position to oppose a daughter's wishes, especially when her mind has been made up, although it may not be for her own good. Anything is preferable to these exhibitions upon the streets, or in public places, or to hanging over balconies.

. I quite agree with you.

. Julio tells me that Luisita has had another attack.


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 the needs of the corresponding States, as the case may be, and shall, notwithstanding anything in clauses (1) and (2) of article 316 but subject to the proviso to clause (2) of that article, continue to hold office until the expiration of their term of office as determined under the rules which were applicable immediately before such commencement to such members.

['''378A. Special provision as to duration of Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly.'''—Notwithstanding anything contained in article 172, the Legislative Assembly of the State of Andhra Pradesh as constituted under the provisions of sections 28 and 29 of the States Reorganisation Act, 1956, shall, unless sooner dissolved, continue for a period of five years from the date referred to in the said section 29 and no longer and the expiration of the said period shall operate as a dissolution of that Legislative Assembly.]

379.—391. ''Omitted by the Constitution (Seventh Amendment) Act, 1956, s. 29 and Sch. (w.e.f. 1-11-1956)''.

392. Power of the President to remove difficulties.—(1) The President may, for the purpose of removing any difficulties, particularly in relation to the transition from the provisions of the Government of India Act, 1935, to the provisions of this Constitution, by order direct that this Constitution shall, during such period as may be specified in the order, have effect subject to such adaptations, whether by way of modification, addition or omission, as he may deem to be necessary or expedient:

Provided that no such order shall be made after the first meeting of Parliament duly constituted under Chapter II of Part V.

(2) Every order made under clause (1) shall be laid before Parliament.

(3) The powers conferred on the President by this article, by article 324, by clause (3) of article 367 and by article 391 shall, before the commencement of this Constitution, be exercisable by the Governor-General of the Dominion of India.

393. Short title.—This Constitution may be called the Constitution of India.

394. Commencement.—This article and articles 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 60, 324, 366, 367, 379, 380, 388, 391, 392 and 393 shall come into force at once, and the remaining provisions of this Constitution shall come into force on the twenty-sixth day of January, 1950, which day is referred to in this Constitution as the commencement of this Constitution.

['''394A. Authoritative text in the Hindi language.'''—(1) The President shall cause to be published under his authority,—
 * (a) the translation of this Constitution in the Hindi language, signed by the members of the Constituent Assembly, with such modifications as may be necessary to bring it in conformity with the language, style and terminology adopted in the authoritative texts of Central Acts in the Hindi language, and incorporating therein all the amendments of this Constitution made before such publication; and
 * (b) the translation in the Hindi language of every amendment of this Constitution made in the English language.


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 the disappearance of which seems to give you such great hopes for the future?

Are you a Christian?

I hope so.

And what is the fundamental principle underlying your religion? Is it not to strive for the rooting out of that brutal egoism from the nature of man, to love "thy neighbor as thyself?" And if you now, all of a sudden, designate this principle to be practically impossible—what a humbug your "great religion" must be! But, you are right. The mere preaching won’t do. And, the socialists knowing this to be so, are aiming, as I told you before, at establishing institutions by which the effusions of that brutal egoism will be made impossible. They know that the time will come when brutality, like all other instincts, or germs, the development of whose growth is being prevented by the application of scientific and rational means, will in the end be crippled and finally die out entirely. And thus socialism will, in this respect, by the application of its eminently practical measures, really accomplish what christianity has been attempting to accomplish all in vain for the last two thousand years.

I might ask a great many more questions, but I see that by an interview like this the details of such a great plan could not all be exhausted; and therefore, admitting that my objections are only of minor importance, I should like to see only a few more important points to be considered. For, while understanding that all productive labor is to be organized and paid according to a well-defined system, I do not quite see how teachers, artists, literary men, poets, and other representatives of art and science could be organized into co-operative trade unions. You are probably aware of the fact that the Socialists are suspected that they little appreciate all these things?

I know it: yet, this is but another proof of the fact that those who oppose the plans of the Socialists, know as little about their views in this respect as they know of their economic propositions. To those who thus judge the Socialists I would recommend to attend socialistic meetings, to read their papers, their books and the literature they are scattering


text: Constitution of India (2020)/Part XXI

title: Constitution of India (2020)/Part XXI


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 broadcast for agitating purposes. These slanderers would soon find out that the Socialists more highly appreciate all scientific and artistic endeavors than the average public does. And this is but natural. Any man who is striving for the improvement of the present condition of society is always a lover of the beautiful and of- the advancement of art and science. He will therefore appreciate all intellectual labor. But, of course, the Socialists also know, that at all times the intellectual condition of man has been in close relation to his economic welfare. They know that true art could not flourish any length of time when the masses of the people are suffering and starving, and but a few privileged ones are rolling in luxury, They are aware of this, and they see that in a society of classes science becomes the hired, meretricious tool of the ruling class. For this reason they confidently hope—and from my point of view I declare that they are right—that art and science in a society where want and misery as well as unnerving super-abundance and demoralizing luxury are unknown, and all are well educated, will be more equally enjoyed, and that consequently they will be more highly appreciated than in our present society.

But, how will the representatives of art and science, how will poets, artists, scientists, teachers, lawyers, physicians etc., be rewarded for their labors?

Allow me to tell you, first, that some of these professions will, as far as the number of their representatives is concerned, be considerably reduced. What will be the use of "lawyers" in a society where the question of "mine and thine" will be so clearly defined, and where the principal motive for all so-called crimes, misery and want, is removed? How many physicians will be needed where no one is suffering from want and exposure, where nobody needs overworking himself, where all are living in comfortable homes, and no one will swallow more of the good things of the world than his system can digestwhere gluttony and vice are impossible? But, at any rate, I do not doubt, but that even these professions will be organized in a similar manner as the trades, and that those who devote their time and energy to them will be amply rewarded for their ability and skill. Though not arrogating to


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 myself the right of prescribing how the society of the future will arrange these matters, yet I believe that you will concede to me the following points without any further dispute: It will be easy to find a system according to which to employ teachers, physicians, etc., to fully remunerate them for their services to society, and to leave them sufficient time for study and recreation besides attending to their regular public duties. So the representatives of creative genius, poets, artists, sculptors, scientists will find their places within our new social system; they will be rewarded for their labors in receiving appointments for the highest places at the great public institutions of art and science (as has been done to-day in the cases of men like Draper, Agassiz, Marsh, Arago, Virchow, Du Bois Reymond, Cornelius, Lessing (the painter), Max Mueller and others), or in any other form. Indeed, if even these men would have to sell their talent, the results of their talent respectively, upon the open market of life, as they are doing to-day—where would they fare better, ask you? In a society of the present day, composed at nine-tenths of rough, uneducated, ignorant, poor and overburdened people, or in our new society of well-educated, intelligent, wealthy and comfortable citizens, who in the average know something about art and science and have plenty of leisure time to occupy themselves with elevating and pleasant contemplation and study?

There can be but one answer to this question—the one in the affirmative. Within the course of time intellectual occupation in general will undergo unavoidable changes. For, as the hours of labor for the production of material things will be more and more reduced according to the progress made in the application of labor-saving machinery, it will become a necessary supplement to every intellectually creative activity which in itself andinits results is a reward to the individual performing it.

As to this state of affairs the "English Social-Democratic Federation," says in its proclamation of January, 1885, viz.: "In such a society as this which we propose, while all men would live untormented by anxiety for their livelihood, while no one could advance himself by pushing back his neighbor, there would be plenty of room for emulation; for those who had any special capacity would have leisure and opportunity to de-


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2 with great purple violets. The paths through the garden had gracefully bending ferns on each side.

For the first few months Eepersip was delighted with her flowers, and the butterflies and birds pleased her even more. But she was not a child who could be contented easily, and pretty soon she began to feel lonely again. One July day a fresh idea came into her head. She packed some sandwiches and some crackers in a small lunch-basket. Without telling a soul, the next morning before dawn she slipped out of bed, dressed, and picked up her basket; then she stole out of the cottage and away. She went east from her home on a shady path through beautiful woodlands, with here and there a grove of great massive pines. And as she walked she sang merrily.

After quite a while she stepped out of the woodlands on to a large lawn. Close to the path there was a pool with some tiny goldfishes swimming about in it. Then she knew that she was nearing a house, and instead of pacing slowly along the path she began to run; for she was afraid that someone would see her and send her back home. But after a few minutes she grew tired and settled down to a reasonable pace. And as she slowed down she came into an enormous field of rhododendrons,

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Rh lavender, white, and brilliant red. Oh, what a gorgeous place that was! As Eepersip walked along, an oriole sang from a bush; she peeped into a humming-bird's nest with two tiny white eggs in it; she startled a vireo from its nest in a low clump of grass, and, peeping into it, found three baby birds. The farther she went the more her heart began to leap within her for joy of the life she was finding for herself. Her loneliness decreased, and she was as free and happy as the birds or butterflies.

Soon the red and lavender rhododendrons dropped out, leaving only the white; then the white ones too lessened in thickness until there were none left. All this while she had been slowly climbing Mount Varcrobis itself. At last she came into a small open glade, still walking east from the cottagewhich she was not thinking about just then, so happy was she at thought of the new, interesting life she had found. This glade was near the top of the mountain, only one high peak towering above it. Across it ran a little brook, tinkling through the ferns and bracken.

She paused on the path suddenly, then drew back; for a doe and her daisied fawn were grazing close by. Eepersip took from her basket a lump of sugar, and held it out to the beautiful creatures.

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192 as any now in cultivation. Many of the varieties only show their distinctive characteristics when young, and soon grow up into the normal form. Beissner gives as many as forty varieties; but it is doubtful if all these are recognisable. Those commonly met with in cultivation in this country are enumerated below:—

1. Var. ericoides.

A form in which the seedling foliage is fixed and preserved. It is a dwarf, compact, rounded, or somewhat pyramidal shrub, with slender branchlets, on which the leaves, heath-like in appearance, are borne in distant decussate pairs. They are spreading, linear, and soft in texture, becoming brown in winter. This shrub resembles Cupressus pisifera, var. squarrosa; but in the latter the leaves are much whiter on both surfaces, and do not brown in winter. The latter also attains a much larger size, and often becomes a large shrub or small tree,

2. Var. Ellwangeriana.

This is a transition form, in which both kinds of foliage, seedling and adult, appear on the shrub, which may attain a considerable size. There is no regularity in the distribution of the two kinds of leaves; but in shrubs at Kew of this variety the juvenile foliage persists on branchlets in the interior shaded parts, the external branchlets having adult foliage.

It was probably this form which M'Nab mentions as having seen in 1866 in quantity in the nursery of Messrs. P. Lawson and Sons, who had received it from Messrs. Ellwanger and Barry of America under the name of Tom-Thumb Arbor Vitæ. M'Nab states that the heath-like leaves have a slight smell of juniper, while the other foliage has the odour of ordinary Thuya occidentalis.

3. Var. plicata, Masters, ''Gard. Chron.'' xxi. 258, fig. 86 (1897).

A tree differing from the type in the branch-systems tending to assume the vertical plane, being curved so that the ultimate branchlets lie in different planes. The foliage is conspicuously glandular, the lateral leaves being flattened, so that they become almost like the median ones in appearance. According to Kent the foliage shows a brownish tint.

This variety was long considered to be a distinct species; but it is only a seedling of Thuya occidentalis, with which it agrees in cones and in general character of the leaves.

4. Var. Wareana. This only differs from the last in the colour of the foliage, which is a deep green without any brown tinge. It was raised by Mr. Ware of Coventry. According to Masters it has larger leaves than var. plicata, and corresponds very closely with native specimens of Thuya occidentalis gathered at Niagara.


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194

Thuya occidentalis never attains to a considerable size when planted in this country. There is a specimen at White Knights, near Reading, of great age, which is now dying at the top. According to the gardener there it has not made any growth for the last thirty-five years. It measured in 1904, 41 feet in height by 4 feet in girth. At Stratton Strawless, Norfolk, there is also a specimen of considerable age, remarkable for the pendulous habit of the branches, which is 35 feet in height. There are more large specimens at Belton Park than at any other place I know in England, the largest I have measured being 41 feet by 3 feet 9 inches. Henry, however, in 1904 measured one at Arley Castle as tall, which divides into three stems near the ground, where it measures 7 feet 6 inches in girth. At Auchendrane, Ayrshire, Renwick measured a tree in 1902—which, according to a specimen procured by him in 1906, was Thuya occidentalis—as 42 feet high by 6 feet 8 inches in girth, with a bole of 12 feet.

It seems to be one of the best conifers for making shelter hedges in gardens, as it stands clipping well, and for this purpose may be relied on to attain 15 to 20 feet in height in any fair soil. As it grows slowly at first when raised from seed, it is usually propagated by cuttings.


text:
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 A BEGINNER’S

FIRST COURSE IN CUTTING

PART I & II

PUBLISHED BY The John Williamson Company Limited.

42, Gerad Street London W.


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title: Page:Fugitive Poetry 1600-1878.djvu/41


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196 According to Komaror, Floræ Manshuriæ, i. 206 (1901), Thuya japonica grows wild abundantly in northern Corea in the Samsu district, but was not observed by him in Manchuria or elsewhere on the mainland.

This tree is not, so far as I saw, as common in Japan, where it is called Nezuko, as Cupressus obtusa or C. pisifera, though it is said by Goto to be found in the provinces of Yamato, Bungo, Satsuma, Omi, Iwashiro, Shimotsuke, and Uzen, at an elevation of from about 3000 to 6000 feet.

The only place where I saw it wild was at Yumoto, above Nikko, where it was scattered in mixed forest with Tsuga, Thujopsis, birches, and other deciduous trees, and it is said to be never found in unmixed woods. At Koyasan I found small trees of it, perhaps planted, and brought away a seedling, which is now living at Colesborne.

At Atera, in the Kisogawa district, the forester told me that it grows best as a young tree in shade, and that where Cupressus obtusa has been felled it often comes up from seed. It does not attain very large dimensions, so far as I could learn, and is not considered a tree of much economic importance.

The timber is light and used for carpentry. It sometimes has a very pretty figure, and in old trees is of a pale grey colour, though perhaps this is only assumed by trees which were dead before cutting. It is cut into thin boards, and used for ceilings and other inside work, and is said to cost about 2d. per square foot in the board at Tokyo, and to make very durable shingles.

In Great Britain the tree seems to grow slowly, and is not common in gardens. The largest I have seen is a grafted and very spreading tree in Mr. W.H. Griffiths' garden at Campden, Gloucestershire, which is about 25 feet by 2 feet, and probably one of the oldest in England. It has produced fertile seeds from which plants have been raised. The largest recorded at the Conifer Conference was at Dalkeith Palace, where it was 15 feet high in 1891. A tree at Kilmacurragh, co. Wicklow, Ireland, was 24 feet by 2 feet 4 inches in 1906, and bears fruit. Another at Castlewellan measured 25 feet high in the same year.


text:
Page:A Beginners First Course In Cutting.djvu/2

 A Beginner's First Course in Cutting

all Kinds of

TAILOR MADE GARMENTS.

PART I.

Trousers, Vests, and Lounges.

By W. D. F. VINCENT,

Author of The Cutter's Practical Guide. Editor of "The Tailor and Cutter," "The Ladies' Tailor, &c.

J. T. ILEY, Professor of Cutting at "The Tailor and Cutter" Academy, Author of How to Become a Ladies' Tailor," &c;

LONDON :

Printed and Published by The John Williamson Company Limited,

42, Gerrard Street, W.


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198 A shrub, with a straight trunk, bare of branches below. The branchlets, numerous, long, flexile, cord - like, unbranched or only slightly branched, are produced in irregular fascicles of 5 to 20 or more at irregular intervals along the branches. They are slender and pendent, and bear leaves distantly placed in 4 rows in decussate pairs. The leaves, broadly decurrent at the base and long acuminate at the apex, spread out from the branchlets at an acute angle. Cones are occasionally borne, which are like those of the type. There is a specimen at Kew of a plant raised from seed of this variety, which is ordinary Thuya orientalis. It was sent from the Botanic Garden at Turin by Mr. Hanbury in 1860.

There are several forms of this variety, differing in habit and length of leaves; in one the branchlets are tetragonal.

This shrub was first observed by Thunberg in Japan, and specimens were collected near Yokohama by Maximowicz. It was also met with by Fortune in China, and has been raised in Europe.

2. Var. decussata.

A low shrub, with erect stems and branches, bearing foliage like that of the seedling. The leaves are in 4 rows in decussate pairs, spreading, and resembling those of a juniper, except that the points are not prickly. They are greyish green in summer, changing to brown in winter.

3. Var. Meldensis.

A small tree with ascending flexible branches. It is a transition form, bearing acute acicular spreading leaves like that of the seedling, and occasionally leaves of the adult character. The leaves are bluish green, changing to brown in the winter. This plant was raised from seeds of Thuya orientalis gathered in the cemetery of Trilbardoux near Meaux in France; and for a long time was supposed to be a cross between Thuya orientalis and Juniperus virginiana.

4. Var. intermedia.

This is also a transition form. It is a shrub with elongated pendent branchlets, the ramifications of which arise from all sides of the axis, not remaining in one plane. There are two kinds of leaves, those towards the ends of the branchlets resembling the adult foliage of Thuya orientalis, while those on older parts are spreading, arranged in decussate pairs, oval-lanceolate, decurrent at the base, and acute at the apex. In Var. funiculata, if it is in reality distinguishable, there appears to be a larger proportion of adult foliage.

Many other varieties have been described: some of peculiar habit, as gracilis and pyramidalis, which are fastigiate; others with coloured or variegated foliage, as aurea, argenteo-variegata, aureo-variegata. Var. ericoides of this species closely


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200 young tree which originated from a seed probably carried there by a bird from a tree in the gardens.

In the garden at Hampton Court, Herefordshire, there are a pair of fine specimens about 40 feet high, and about 7 feet round at the base, where they divide into several stems which have been formed into an arch over the path, and in most old gardens trees of 25 to 35 feet may be found, but, like T. japonica and T. occidentalis, it must be looked on as an ornamental shrub rather than a timber tree.


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ARTICLES


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(2) The translation of this Constitution and of every amendment thereof published under clause (1) shall be construed to have the same meaning as the original thereof and if any difficulty arises in so construing any part of such translation, the President shall cause the same to be revised suitably.

(3) The translation of this Constitution and of every amendment thereof published under this article shall be deemed to be, for all purposes, the authoritative text thereof in the Hindi language.]

395. Repeals.—The Indian Independence Act, 1947, and the Government of India Act, 1935, together with all enactments amending or supplementing the latter Act, but not including the Abolition of Privy Council Jurisdiction Act, 1949, are hereby repealed.


text: Constitution of India (2020)/Part XXII

title: Constitution of India (2020)/Part XXII


text:
File:The House at Pooh Corner (1961) (page 52-1 crop).jpg

Summary
A 1961 printing of the 1928 books. Re-upload with proper capitalization in title.


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Rh its best in the northern deciduous forest, where it is a stately tree, e.g. at Lake Superior. The finest individual trees occur on the small hills of the Mississippi valley, but the timber is not so good as that of trees farther north. Pure woods of American beech rarely if ever occur. Elwes saw the American beech principally near Boston and in Canada, and remarked one peculiarity which may not be found in all places. This was its tendency to throw up suckers from the roots, a feature which is very marked in Professor Sargent's park at Brookline, and in the beautiful grounds of the Arnold Arboretum, There is a group of beech here by the side of a drive, of which the largest was 65 feet by 7 feet 8 inches, surrounded by a dense thicket of suckers. Beech seedlings, however, seem to be much less common here than in Europe, and on moist ground are often suppressed by maple and other trees. The rate of growth of young trees in the Arboretum was about equal to that of the European beech at twenty years, and the bark of the latter was darker in colour. Near Ottawa Elwes gathered ripe fruit of the American beech —which here is not a large or tall tree—in the end of September; the mast was smaller and less abundant than in the European beech, and the tree—as near Boston—did not seem to have the same tendency to outgrow and suppress other hardwoods which it shows in Europe. The roots, judging from seedlings sent from Meehan's nurseries at Philadelphia, are larger, deeper, and less fibrous than those of the European beech, though this may be caused by a deep soil. A good illustration of the American beech in the open is given in Garden and Forest, viii. 125, taken from a tree at South Hingham, Massachusetts.

The American beech is rare in collections in England. We have only seen specimens at Kew Gardens, Beauport, Tortworth, and Eastnor Castle. In no case do these attain more than 15 feet in height. As the tree, no doubt, was often planted even a century ago, and no large trees are known to exist in this country, it is very probable that, like many other species from the Eastern States, it will never reach timber size in this climate. The specimen from Eastnor Castle has very dull green leaves, somewhat cordate at the base, and probably belongs to the following variety.

Var. caroliniana, Loudon, ''ex Lodd. Cat. (1836).—In cultivation in Europe, distinguished from the common form by the leaves being more rounded at the base, said to be more dwarf in height, and to come out in leaf fifteen days before ordinary Fagus ferruginea''.

Caucasian Beech.

Lipski says that the beech which occurs in the Caucasus, Asia Minor, and


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 CHAPTER 43 A

title: Page:Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980.pdf/1


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File:The House at Pooh Corner (1961) (page 52-2 crop).jpg

Summary
A 1961 printing of the 1928 books. Re-upload with proper capitalization in title.


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Rh far as he saw, always mixed with other trees, though Goto says that it occurs in Honshu and in the southern half of Hokkaido in almost unmixed woods, and that in Aomori, Iwate, Echigo, and Yamagata, pure woods of vast dimensions are seen in the mountains above 1000 feet elevation. It is one of the most important trees for firewood and charcoal, but little valued for building. It grows well in shade, and continues to grow to a great age, sometimes attaining enormous size. The Ainos in old Japan are said to have used the tree for dug-out canoes. The largest trees measured by Elwes were in the Government forest of Atera, in the district of Kisogawa, where there were tall straight trees in mixed deciduous forests of beech, magnolia, oak, birch, and maple, about 100 feet high and 9–10 feet in girth. Here the wood was not of sufficient value to pay the expense of carriage.

This tree was discovered by Henry in the mountains south of the Yangtse, near Ichang, in Central China. It occurs scattered in deciduous forests at 3000–4000 feet altitude, and sometimes attains a considerable size, one tree being noted as 15 feet in girth. Von Rosthorn subsequently found the same species in the mountains south of Chungking, in Szechuan.

This species was also discovered by Henry, but in the mountains north of the Yangtse from Ichang in Central China. Subsequently specimens were sent to Europe by Père Farges from North-East Szechuan, and by von Rosthorn from Southern Szechuan. It is a smaller tree than F. sinensis, and was seen by Henry on wooded cliffs.

Neither of the Chinese beeches form pure woods. A beech of considerable size was seen by Henry in Yunnan, in a mountain wood near Mengtse, at about 5000 feet elevation, and is possibly a distinct species. This rare tree is remarkable in that it extends the southern limit of the northern beeches to as low as 23° N.


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iic. 43

title: Page:Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980.pdf/2


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File:The House at Pooh Corner (1961) (page 54 crop).jpg

Summary
A 1961 printing of the 1928 books. Re-upload with proper capitalization in title.


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Page:Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980.pdf/3

Rh A2

title: Page:Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980.pdf/3


text:
File:The House at Pooh Corner (1961) (page 57 crop).jpg

Summary
A 1961 printing of the 1928 books. Re-upload with proper capitalization in title.


text:
Author:Barbara Newhall Follett

Works

 * The House Without Windows (1927)

title: Author:Barbara Newhall Follett


text:
File:The House at Pooh Corner (1961) (page 59 crop).jpg

Summary
A 1961 printing of the 1928 books. Re-upload with proper capitalization in title.


text:
Page:US Senate Report on CIA Detention Interrogation Program.pdf/131

UNCLASSIFIED TOP SECRET////NOFORN "may be employed only by approved interrogators for use with specific detainees," raised the additional issue of approved techniques used by unapproved interrogators. DIRECTOR (302126Z JAN 03); DIRECTOR  (311702Z JAN 03). For example, on May, 2003, CIA interrogator applied three facial attention grabs, five facial insult slaps, and three abdominal slaps to Abd al-Karim, under the supervision of CIA interrogator  [CIA OFFICER 1]. (See 37821 .)  had not been approved by CIA Headquarters to employ the CIA's enhanced interrogation techniques on al-Karim; approval had only been provided for  [CIA OFFICER 1] to use the CIA's enhanced interrogation techniques. (See DIRECTOR .) On  CIA interrogator, under the supervision of , conducted an interrogation of Abd al-Karim in which interrogators used the facial attention grab, facial insult slap, and abdominal slap against al-Karim. (See 38583 .)  had not been approved by CIA Headquarters to employ the CIA's enhanced intenogation techniques against Abd al-Karim. In another example, on DETENTION SITE COBALT requested approval for certified interrogators  and  [CIA OFFICER 1] to use the CIA's enhanced interrogation techniques against Khallad bin Attash, and for three other interrogators,, , and  to also use the techniques "under the direct supervision of senior certified interrogator []." (See 38325 .) Later that day, CIA Headquarters approved the use of CIA's enhanced interrogation techniques against Khallad bin Attash, but the approval cable did not include approval for participation by, , or  under 's supervision. (See DIRECTOR 162224Z MAY 03).) On May 17 and 18, 2003,  and  used the CIA's enhanced interrogation techniques on bin Attash under the supervision of, including facial grabs, facial insult slaps, abdominal slaps, walling, and water dousing. See  38557 (191641Z MAY 03);  38597 (201225Z MAY 03). The January 28, 2003, DCI guidelines did not explicitly require CIA Headquarters to approve who could use the CIA's "standard" interrogation techniques, including techniques that were not previously considered "standard" and that would later be reclassified as "enhanced" interrogation techniques. Rather, the DCI guidelines required only that "all personnel directly engaged in the interrogation" be "appropriately screened," that they review the guidelines, and that they receive "appropriate training" in the implementation of the guidelines.
 * 4. CIA Headquarters Authorizes Water Dousing Without Department of Justice Approval; Application of Technique Reported as Approximating Waterboarding

TS////NF CIA Headquarters approved requests to use water dousing, nudity, the abdominal slap, and dietary manipulation, despite the fact that the techniques had not been reviewed by the Department of Justice. Interrogators used the water dousing technique in various ways. At DETENTION SITE COBALT, detainees were often held down, naked, on a tarp on the floor, with the tarp pulled up around them to form a makeshift tub, while cold or refrigerated water was poured on them. Others were hosed down repeatedly while they were shackled naked, in the standing sleep deprivation position. These same detainees were subsequently placed inrooms with temperatures ranging from 59 to 80 degrees Fahrenheit. UNCLASSIFIED TOP SECRET////NOFORN Page 105 of 499 UNCLASSIFIED


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File:The House at Pooh Corner (1961) (page 60 crop).jpg

Summary
A 1961 printing of the 1928 books. Re-upload with proper capitalization in title.


text:
File:The House at Pooh Corner (1961) (page 61 crop).jpg

Summary
A 1961 printing of the 1928 books. Re-upload with proper capitalization in title.


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title: Page:The Floral Fortune-teller.djvu/167


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Rh those of any tree ordinarily cultivated in England, being about ¾ inch long. The buds of the European beech are wider at the middle than at either end; while in the American beech they are as narrow in the middle as they are at the base.

A great number of varieties of the common beech occur, some of which have originated wild in the forests, whilst others have been obtained in cultivation.

Var. purpurea, Aiton, Purple Beech. A complete account of the origin of this variety appeared in Garden and Forest, 1894, p. 2. From this it would appear that a purple beech discovered in the eighteenth century in the Hanleiter forest near Sondershausen in Thuringia, is the mother tree of those which now adorn the pleasure grounds of Europe and America. This is the only authenticated source from which horticulturists have derived their stock. The purple beech was, however, long known before the Thuringian tree was discovered. In Wagner's Historia naturalis Helvetiæ curiosa (Zurich, 1680) mention is made of a beech wood at Buch, on the Irchel mountain in Zurichgau (commonly called the Stammberg), which contains three beech trees with red leaves, which are nowhere else to be found. These three beeches are again referred to in Scheuzer's Natural History of Switzerland, published in 1706; and the legend is stated that according to popular belief five brothers murdered one another on the spot where the trees sprang up. Offspring of these trees were carried into a garden, where they still retained their purple colour. The purple beech has also been observed in a wild state in the forest of Darney in the Vosges.

The purple beech has delicate light red-coloured foliage, which is of a pale claret tint in the spring, becoming a deep purple in summer. In early autumn the leaves almost entirely lose their purple colour, and change to a dark dusky green. The buds, young shoots, and fruits are also purple in colour. The involucres are deep purple brown in autumn, becoming browner with the advance of the season. The purple beech often fails to fruit regularly; still many individuals of this variety do produce fruit, and this has been sown, and in some cases produced plants almost all with purple leaves, not 5 per cent reverting to green. The colour in the leaves, etc., is due to a colouring matter in the cells of the epidermis. The variety submits well to pruning or even to clipping with the shears; and may therefore, if necessary, be confined within narrow limits or grown as a pyramid in the centre of a group of trees.

A fine purple beech grows in Miss Sulivan's garden, Broom House, Fulham, which is 82 feet high and 12 feet 2 inches in girth.