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430 New York and western Pennsylvania, through southern Ontario and southern Michigan to the valley of the Minnesota River and to eastern Nebraska, eastern Kansas, south-west Arkansas, the Indian territory, and central Tennessee.

The tree is noted in America for its habit of suckering from the roots when it is cut down. After a tree is felled the ground around to a distance of often 100 feet becomes filled with numerous suckers; and this is one of the ways in which the trees are reproduced in the American forests. The tree never develops any epicormic branches, and is very seldom attacked by any insect or fungus.

An article by Sargent in Garden and Forest, ii. p. 75, gives an excellent account of this tree, and states that by far the largest and handsomest that he has seen was planted in 1804 directly in front of the historical Verplanck mansion at Fishkill-on-Hudson, and was, in 1889, 75 feet high and a little over 10 feet in girth below the point where it divides into three stems at 3 feet from the ground. Though it was struck by lightning in 1887, the tree is an extremely graceful and well-shaped one, as the picture shows.

The tree grows well as far north as Ottawa, where I saw two spreading trees about 4o feet high, planted in front of Rideau Hall, the residence of the Governor-General. The gardener informed me that they were the latest trees to come into leaf, and, though they flowered in good seasons, produced no fruit.

At Mount Carmel, Illinois, I measured a tree in the forest 92 feet by 8 feet, one of the few remaining relics of the splendid trees described by Ridgway, one of which was 109 feet high, with a clear stem 76 feet to the first limb, but only 20 inches across the stump. Dr. Schneck has measured one in the same locality no less than 129 feet high. It is, however, nowhere an abundant tree in this district, but grows scattered through the richer bottoms.

The tree from which a specimen log in the Jessup collection in the American Museum of Natural History was cut, grew not far from St. Louis, and although only 18 inches in diameter was 105 years old. This represents the average rate

of increase of the tree growing naturally in the forest, cultivated trees in favourable conditions growing much more rapidly.

Gymnocladus canadensis was introduced into England by Archibald, Duke of Argyll, who had a tree in cultivation at Whitton in 1748. This tree was afterwards removed to Kew, on the establishment of the gardens there by the Princess of Wales, mother of George III., who obtained it and many other interesting trees as a present from the Duke of Argyll in 1762. This tree died about 1870; and as old trees reported by Loudon at Syon and elsewhere cannot now be found, it goes to show that the tree lives little over 100 years in England.


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AUTHOR’S PREFACE. name of cambium; and finally adds (1. c. p. 212), “En étendant ja comparaison entre deux choses si comparables, on trouve que la forme variable des vésicules du tissu cellulaire du mucus de la membrane vaginale, leur allongement en pointe, leur flaceidité, toujours entretenue par l'humidité constante qui baigne les tissus animaux, et le développement dans leur intérieur, soit des granules, soit des vésicules sphériques, sont toutes choses qui s’observent également dans la composition de tous les tissus cellulaires végétaux mous et aqueux, et que l’on désigne par le nom de pulpe ou de parenchyme dans certaines tiges ou feuilles grasses et dans certains fruits murs ou blettes.”

In the same year, Dumortier communicated researches into the development of the ova of snails. (Annal. des Sciences natur. vill, p. 129.) He observed, that in the mucus-globule, present in these ova, and from which the embryo is developed, there are generated cells, in the interior of which, secondary cells are formed, and so on, and that this tissue of cells becomes transformed into the liver, whilst the other tissues originate from a gelatinous mass, which exhibits myriads of points. In his conclusions, he says (l. c. p. 163), “En examinant l'évolution des Mollusques, nous avons démontré que les tissus animaux, quoique formés originairement de méme par la solidification des surfaces, se développent de différentes manières: le tissu cellulaire par des productions médianes, le tissu dermomusculaire par un feutré de canalicules centripétes. Ainsi, chez les animaux, les tissus ne se forment pas au dépens les uns des autres ; il n’y existe pas un tissu générateur unique, mais bic plusieurs tissus originairement distincts.—Les belles observations de M. Mirbel ont prouvé que chez les végétaux il existe un seul tissu originel, le tissu cellulaire, qui par une suite de métamorphoses, se transforme en tissu vasculaire. Par conséquent, le régne végétal est caractérisé par l'unité originel, et le regne animal par la pluralité originelle des tissus.” Vanbeneden and Windischmann give a different explanation to

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text: The Yellow Book/Volume 3/Mantegna

title: The Yellow Book/Volume 3/Mantegna


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AUTHOR'S PREFACE. these observations of Dumortier, in as much as they regard the tissue consisting of cells as the yolk and not the liver. (Bulletin de l’Acad. royale de Bruxelles, tom. v, No. 5.)

Other instances of the resemblance in form between different animal tissues and those of vegetables had already been repeatedly pointed out. Thus it was frequently said, in reference to thickly-crowded animal cells, or even mere globules, that they presented an appearance resembling vegetable cellular-tissue; and Valentin (Nov. Act. N. C. xvui, P. 1, 96), after describing the nucleus of the epidermal cells, states that it reminded him of the nucleus which occurs in the vegetable kingdom, in the cells of the epidermis, the pistil, &c. Nothing, however, resulted from such comparisons, because they were mere similarities in figure, between structures which present the greatest variety of form.

Schleiden instituted researches into the mode of development of vegetable cells, which illustrated the process most excellently. This admirable work appeared subsequently in the second part of Müller’s Archiv for 1838. He found, that in the formation of vegetable cells, small, sharply-defined granules are first generated in a granulous substance, and around them the cell nuclei (cytoblasts) are formed, which appear like granulous coagulations around the granules. The cytoblasts grow for a certain time, and then a minute transparent vesicle rises upon them, the young cell, so that, in the first instance, it is placed upon the cytoblast, like a watch-glass upon a watch. It then becomes expanded by growth. Schleiden communicated the results of his investigations to me, previous to their publication in October, 1837. The resemblance in form, which the chorda dorsalis, to which J. Müller had already drawn attention, and the branchial cartilage of the tadpole present to vegetable cells, had previously struck me, but nothing resulted from it. The discoveries of Schleiden, however, led to more extend researches in another direction.


text: The Yellow Book/Volume 3/From a Pastel

title: The Yellow Book/Volume 3/From a Pastel


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Page:Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices for Streets and Highways, 11th Edition (December 2023).pdf/1143

MUTCD 11th Edition Section 9E.10

Option:

Shared-lane markings may be used in the circulatory roadway of circular intersections.

Guidance:

If used, shared-lane markings should be placed in the center of the lane when used inside of circulatory roadways.

Support:

The “Guide for Development of Bicycle Facilities,” 2012 Fourth Edition, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, contains information on designing for bicycles on shared-used paths in lieu of, or in addition to, using shared-lane markings in the circulatory roadway of the intersection.

Section 9E.11

Support:

Two-stage bicycle turn boxes allow bicyclists the opportunity to make turns at an intersection or crossing point instead of requiring them to merge into traffic upstream or to dismount and use a crosswalk at the intersection or crossing point.

Section 9B.18 contains information on regulatory signing that shall be used in conjunction with a two-stage bicycle turn box pavement marking where bicyclists are required to use the turn box.

Section 9D.13 contains information on guide signing that can be used in conjunction with a two-stage bicycle turn box pavement marking where bicyclists are not required to use the turn box.

Standard:

If used, two-stage bicycle turn boxes shall be located:
 * A. In an area between the closest through bicycle or motor vehicle movement and the parallel crosswalk (see Drawing A in Figure 9E-10),
 * B. In an area between the through bicycle movement and the parallel pedestrian crossing movement if no crosswalk is established (see Drawing B in Figure 9E-10),
 * C. On the innermost side of the bicycle facility provided that the two-stage turn box is located in a portion of the intersection where parallel or motor vehicle traffic does not travel, such as projections of islands or parking lanes (see Drawing C in Figure 9E-10), or
 * D. In an area between the through bicycle movement and a pedestrian facility for T-intersections (see Drawing D in Figure 9E-10).

A two-stage bicycle turn box shall consist of at least one bicycle symbol pavement marking and at least one pavement marking arrow.

A turn arrow in the appropriate direction shall be used if a two-stage turn box is used with a one-way bicycle lane, and a through arrow in the appropriate direction shall be used if a two-stage turn box is used with a two-way bikeway (see Figure 9E-11).

A two-stage bicycle turn box shall be bounded on all sides by a solid white line.

For two-stage bicycle turn boxes that facilitate turns from a one-way bikeway, the bicycle symbol shall precede the pavement marking turn arrow in the direction of bicycle travel (see Figure 9E-10).

Passive detection of bicycles in the two-stage bicycle turn box shall be provided if the signal phase that permits bicycles to enter the intersection during the second stage of their turn is actuated.

Guidance:

''Engineering judgment should be used to develop the size of the two-stage bicycle turn box. Factors considered should include intersection geometry and keeping queued bicycles away from moving traffic, as well as peak hour bicycle volumes to avoid overflow of the two-stage turn box that subjects any bicyclist to conflicting movements.''

Option:

The two-stage turn box may use green-colored pavement.

Standard:

If used, green-colored pavement shall encompass all of the two-stage turn box.

Where the path of vehicles lawfully turning on red would pass through a two-stage bicycle turn box, a full-time no-turn-on-red prohibition (see Section 2B.60) shall be provided for the crossroad approach. December 2023


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 thing about it is trying not to show how hard it is. Your only excuse is that you don't know how much you make me suffer.

. Although some day I am likely to find out. I am a tyrant, a monster, an evil genius—I, a poor, inoffensive gentleman, who thinks of nothing but his business, his wife, his daughter, his home, who never cared for nor even dreamed of anything else!

. As for myself, I say nothing, because I am used to it. But you owe something to your daughter—yes, our daughter—I love her as much as if she were mine. I suppose you think that she is wedded to the role of martyr like I am, when she has everything in the world to make her happy?

. María Antonia? Never! That is, unless… But no, you would be incapable…

. Yes, Gonzalo, and it is not her fault either; it is yours, her husband's—men's. You are as God made you, or else as opportunity has, or as bad as the law will allow, for you have made it yourselves. It is as lenient with your faults as it is intolerant of ours.

. Are we elevating the discussion to a moral and philosophical plane? It is time to dress. I cannot afford to get into any worse humor.

. You certainly cannot. Don't you care to hear about your daughter?

. But what am I to hear? That she is jealous of her husband, as you are of me, and upon precisely the same grounds. I am sorry for poor Pepe.

. However, María Antonia is right, and it is my duty to warn you. I talk to her exactly as you do to me, although you will never believe it; I tell her that it is of no consequence, that Pepe is neither better nor worse than other husbands; it is no disgrace and nothing to feel badly about, anyway.


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. Do you talk like that to María Antonia? It does seem incredible.

. I not only talk to her, I convince her. María Antonia is not a woman of my disposition; she is excitable, her temperament is not one to resign itself. Besides, she does not love her husband as I do you. She was in love with another man when she married.

. Whom she might just as well have married; there was no objection. I never was able to understand why she broke off with Enrique so suddenly. His mother and you had your heads together by the hour; then María Antonia made up her mind that she did not love him overnight, and the boy left Madrid. The ways of women are inexplicable.

. Ignorance is your invariable excuse. Do you mean to tell me that there was no obstacle to the marriage of your daughter with Carmen's son?

. I thought that was coming. Now I have been too friendly with Carmen. I explained how that was; that was before we were married—in fact, before I was a widower.

. Which is a great comfort to me. Yes, Carmen is my most intimate friend. She has suffered dreadfully, and her confession was not only more sweeping, it was far more sincere than yours. She has told me everything; she could not rest until she made me promise by all that was dear to me, to spare no effort to persuade María Antonia to give up Enrique, while she did whatever she could to influence her son.

. Why, does she think

. She was not sure. Prejudice and the law are very well, but we cannot avoid the consequences of our acts, wholly irrespective of sex. A man may doubt what children are really his, but a woman never knows whether her chil-


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 dren's brothers and sisters may not become their husbands and wives. Did you know that you had made your daughter very unhappy? A trifling matter may become of importance; thoughtlessness has its results. But I am sorry that I told you—I intended to keep this to myself, but I was afraid for your daughter's sake, and little by little, without meaning it, I have let you see what was in my heart, I have told you everything, because I am afraid, yes, afraid, that you may mistake my resignation for indifference; for if you only knew how deeply it hurts me whenever I detect that uneasy look in your eye or discover a fresh insincerity—and I always do discover them—you are not good at deceit, you are too jauntily insolent—ah, you have no idea how you make my heart bleed, or you would never again be so cruel as to torment me! But that is how you are. If you don't hear the cry, you do not realize that you have inflicted the wound; unless you see my tears, you cannot believe that my life is unhappy.

. [Deeply affected] Isabel! Why, Isabel!—Come, come! This is no way to dress for dinner.

. No, it is foolish to complain. But I have suffered so much, and now

. Now? What do you mean?

. You know what I mean. I am not blind. I can see what you are thinking about.

. Business, my affairs— How ridiculous!

. No, you take your business very calmly, but now you are irritable; your mood changes hourly, not daily. I love you too much not to know that you are disappointed when you seem happiest, or happy when you wish me to believe that you are sober and dignified.

. Pure imagination! However, I have no right to complain. You knew my life as a bachelor.


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 mismanagement that followed Faidherbe's rule in commercial and financial matters.

The want of financial success in her enterprise in West Africa is a matter that has constantly irritated France. She is continually saying: "English possessions on that Coast pay, why should not mine?" It is not my business to obtrude on her an answer, I merely dwell on the subject because I clearly see there are creeping nowadays into our own methods of managing Africa, those very same causes of financial failure that have afflicted her, namely, too high tariffs, too exaggerated views of the immediate profits to be got from those regions, and certain unfair methods of dealing with natives.

In attempting, however, to account for the trade from the French possessions in West Africa being proportionately so small to the immense area of country, the make of the country and its native inhabitants must be taken into consideration. Enormous districts of the French possessions are, to put it mildly, not fertile, and capable of producing in the way of a marketable commodity only gum, which is gathered from the stems of the acacia horrida. It is an excellent gum, and there is plenty of this acacia, and other gum-yielding acacias, but pickers are not so plentiful, particularly now French authorities object to native enterprise taking the form of raiding districts for slaves to employ in the industry. Other enormous districts, however, are as fertile as need be, and densely forested with forests rich in magnificent timber and rubber wealth. The inhabitants, a most important factor in the prosperity or otherwise, of West African regions, are varied, but roughly speaking, we may say France possesses the whole

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 Day: For he had ent Jenny a whole Day’s Journey from his own Houe.

At the appointed Time the Parties all aembled, when the Meenger returning brought word, that Jenny was not to be found: For that he had left her Habitation a few Days before, in company with a recruiting Officer.

Mr. Allworthy then declared, that the Evidence of uch a Slut as he appeared to be, would have deerved no Credit; but he aid be could not help thinking that had he been preent, and would have declared the Truth, he mut have confirmed what o many Circumtances, together with his own Confeion, and the Declaration of his Wife, that he had caught her Huband in the Fact, did ufficiently prove. He therefore once more exhorted Partridge to confes; but he till avowing his Innocence, Mr. Allworthy declared himelf atisfied of his Guilt, and that he was too bad a Man to receive any Encouragement from him. He therefore deprived him of his Annuity, and recommended Repentance to him, on account of another World, and Indutry to maintain himelf and his Wife in this.


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. As a married man.

. I married very young…

. As a widower.

. I was a very young widower.

. It made no difference to you.

. Difference? But then I married you. How was it then?

. Gonzalo, let us not pursue the matter further. I made up my mind long ago to shut my eyes, neither to hear nor to see; but I have seen and heard—everything. Why will you raise questions when you know inevitably that you must lie out of them? I detest nothing so much as a lie.

. When did I ever lie to you? Who told you my adventures?

. You did; I admit it—but not in confidence. It was imprudence.

. Imprudence is a species of confidence.

. The mail from the club, sir.

. Circulars, advertisements… Hello! A note from Aguirre. He cannot dine with me this evening. Suppose I had gone? I should have enjoyed myself.

. You are enjoying yourself.

. But this? What is this? Ah, yes! I remember… Here, run through them if you like. Look them over…

. Thank you. I said you were imprudent, not that you were a fool. Of course, there is nothing in those letters; I am not a fool, either. It is not necessary to compromise oneself in a letter in order to make an appointment or to cancel one in case of need. All these communications are as innocuous as the tailor's announcement of the season's


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 of the tawny Moors, and tawny Moors have their good points and their bad. Their good point, from our present point of view, is their commercial enterprise. From the earliest historical account we have of them to the present day, it has been their habit to suck the trade out of the rich and fertile districts, carry it across the desert, and trade it with the white Moors, who, in their turn, carried it to the Mediterranean and Red Sea ports. The opening of the West Coast seaboard trade, inaugurated by the Portuguese, has acted as a commercial loss to the tawny Moors during the past 400 years, and must be held, in a measure, accountable for the decay of the great towns of Timbuctoo, Jenne, Mele, and so on, though only in a measure, for herein comes the bad point of the inhabitants of the Western Soudan, from our point of view, namely, their devotion to religious differences and politics, which prevents their attending to business. As this state of internecine war came on about the same period as the opening to the black Moors and negroes of a market direct with European traders in the Bight of Benin, it hurried the tawny Moors to commercial decay. Timbuctoo never recovered the blow dealt her by the Moorish conquest in 1591. At the breaking up of the Empire of Askia the Great, revolt and war raged through the region, Jenne revolted in the west, an example followed by the Touaregs Fulah and Malinkase tribes. Both north and south were thrown into confusion, and Timbuctoo, their intermediary, finding her commerce injured, rebelled in her turn. She was conquered and brutally repressed by the Moorish conquerors in 1594. A terrible dearth provoked by a lack of rain visited the town, and her inhabitants were reduced to eating the corpses

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 styles, or a circular letter from the President of the Council, presenting his compliments and soliciting your vote. They are precisely as innocent.

. I must give you credit for ingenuity, which, on the whole, is extremely flattering. When I feel older, mentally and physically, every day, to find that at my age you still consider me fascinating—it is delightful!

. No, fascinated, which is not the same. Your vanity is your undoing, as it is with all men. So why be vain? You are spoiled from the cradle. Parents, relatives and friends, down to the last gossiping old crone who is attached to the house, all flatter you: "What a cunning little dear!" "And how manly!" So the poor boy is lured on. I was always sent out of the room when I was a girl, when they began to talk about you.

. You hid behind the door and listened to every word.

. I was so inexpressibly shocked that I hated all men because I thought they were like you.

. All men but me, apparently. I made love to you before we were married.

. And I boxed your ears.

. You did, and it was tremendous! I never forgot you. And I don't believe that you ever forgot me, either. I was your sweetheart from that hour.

. I was as great a fool as you say.

. It is not easy to forget me.

. Oh, how I wish you were bald and gray-haired, with crows'-feet about your eyes, and a paunch to make you respectable! I pray God for one every day—I give you warning. But nothing happens. Apparently, you are the devil's, and at forty

. Come, come! Stop at forty!


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 There were not, perhaps, many more unhappy Perons, than poor Partridge. He had lot the bet Part of his Income by the Evidence of his Wife, and, yet was daily upbraided by her for having, among other Things, been the Occaion o depriving her of that Benefit; but uch was his Fortune, and he was obliged to ubmit to it.

Tho’ I called him, poor Partridge, in the lat Paragraph, I would have the Reader rather impute that Epithet to the Compaion in my Temper, than conceive it to be any Declaration of his Innocence. Whether he was innocent or not, will perhaps appear hereafter; but if the Hitoric-Mue hath entruted me with any Secrets, I will by no means be guilty of dicovering them till he hall give me Ieave.

Here therefore, the Reader mut upend his Curioity. Certain it is, that whatever was the Truth of the Cae, there was Evidence more than ufficient to convict him before Allworthy; indeed much les would have atisfied a Bench of Jutices on an Order of Batardy; and yet, notwithtanding the Poitivenes of Mrs. Partridge, who would have taken the Sacrament upon the Matter,


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 of animals, and even of men. This was followed by the pestilence of 1618, but through this arose any quantity of wars and upheavals of political authority among the tawny Moors in the early days of European intercourse with the West African Coast. They assumed a more acute, religious form in our own century, or to be more accurate just at the end of the eighteenth, when Shazkh Utham Danfodio arose among the Fulahs as a religious reformer, and a warrior missionary. He was a great man at both, but as a disturber of traffic still greater, a thing that cannot be urged to so great an extent against the other great Muslam missionary Umaru l'Haji. Still his gathering together an army of 20,000 men in 1854-55, and going about with them on a series of proselytizing expeditions against any tribe in the Upper Niger and Senegal region he found to be in an unconverted state, was little better than a nuisance to the French authorities at that time. Danfodio's affairs have fallen into the hands of England to arrange, and very efficiently her great representative in West Africa, the Royal Niger Company, has arranged them. But for our Danfodio and his consequences, France has had twenty, and she has dealt with them both gallantly and patiently. But there will always be, as far as one can see, trouble for France with her tawny Moors, now that the sources of their support are cut off from them by many of the districts they once drew their trade from—the sea-board districts of the Benin Bight, like Sierra Leone, the Gold Coast and Lagos, in the English Niger—being in the hands of a nation whose commercial instincts enable it to see the benefits of lower tariffs than France affects. Even were our tariffs to

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 there is a Poibility that the Schoolmater was entirely innocent: For tho’ it appeared clear, on comparing the Time when Jenny departed from Little Baddington, with that of her Delivery, that he had there conceived this Infant, yet it by no means followed, of Neceity, that Partridge mut have been its Father: For, to omit other Particulars, there was in the ame Houe a Lad near Eighteen, between whom, and Jenny, there had ubited ufficient Intimacy to found a reaonable Supicion; and yet, o blind is Jealouy, this Circumtance never once entered into the Head of the enraged Wife.

Whether Partridge repented or not, according to Mr. Allworthy’s Advice, is not o apparent. Certain it is, that his Wife repented heartily of the Evidence he had given againt him; epecially when he found Mrs. Deborah had deceived her, and refued to make any Application to Mr. Allworthy on her Behalf. She had, however, omewhat better Succes with Mrs. Blifil, who was, as the Reader mut have perceived, a much better-tempered Woman; and very kindly undertook to olicit her Brother to retore the Annuity. In which, tho’ Good-nature might have ome Share, yet a


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. You are a gay deceiver. Do you know, I suspect your hair and mustache…

. No, upon my word of honor! A shampoo, a shampoo!

. The hair-dresser's art has made rapid progress. I wish you would teach me the secret. If that color were natural, it would be an insult.

. Would you really like to see me old?

. So old that no woman would ever look at you again, so ugly that they would all laugh when you attempted to presume. Then at last I could say: He is mine, thank God, all mine!

. But whose am I? What other woman has ever been able to call me hers, before God and before man, and in my own heart? Only you, my Isabel!

. You don't know how I love you, nor how you make me suffer!

. Applause! Bravo! Bravo!

. Hello!

. Why, María Antonia!

. Isabel…

. But we interrupt. Go on, go on!

. We were setting you an example, which, needless to say, was unpremeditated, as we did not see you coming. You surprised us, as it were, although these little episodes are not unusual with us, otherwise it would have been surprising had you happened on one of them. My dears, unless a man is married, unless he has children, he does not know what true love means, absolutely he does not. This is happiness. There is nothing else like it.

. Papa is in fine humor.


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 tronger and more natural Motive will appear in the next Chapter.

Thee Solicitations were nevertheles unuccesful: For tho’ Mr. Allworthy did not think, with ome late Writers, that Mercy conits only in punihing Offenders; yet he was as far from thinking that it is proper to this excellent Quality to pardon great Criminals wantonly, without any Reaon whatever. Any Doubtfulnes of the Fact, or any Circumtance of Mitigation was never diregarded; but the Petitions of an Offender, or the Interceions of others, did not in the leat affect him. In a word, he never pardoned, becaue the Offender himelf, or his Friends, were unwilling that he hould be punihed.

Partridge and his Wife were therefore both obliged to ubmit to their Fate; which was indeed evere enough: For o ar was he from doubling his Indutry on the account of his leened Income, that he did in a manner abandon himelf to depair; and as he was by Nature indolent, that Vice now increaed upon him, by which means he lot the little School he had; o that neither his Wife nor himelf wou!d have had any Bread to eat, had not the Charity of ome good Chritian inter-


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 poed, and provided them with what was jut ufficient for their Suftenance.

As this Support was conveyed to them by an unknown Hand, they imagined, and o, I doubt not, will the Reader, that Mr. Allworthy himelf was their ecret Benefactor; who, though he would not openly encourage Vice, could yet privately relieve the Ditrees of the Vicious themelves, when thee became too exquiite and diproportionate to their Merit. In which Light, their Wretchednes appeared now to Fortune herelf; for he at length took pity on this mierable Couple, and coniderably leened the wretched State of Partridge, by putting a final end to that of his Wife, who oon after caught the Small-Pox, and died.

The Jutice which Mr. Allworthy had executed on Partridge, at firt met with univeral Approbation; but no ooner had he felt its Conequences, than his Neighbours began to relent, and to compaionate his Cae; and preently after, to blame that as Rigour and Severity, which they before called Jutice. They now exclaimed againt punihing in cold Blood, and ang forth the Praies of Mercy and Forgivenes.


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. [Aside to ] Yes, since the mail arrived from the club. Fortunately, it was the last one.

. Poor Isabel! Isn't it terrible to be a woman?

. No indeed. How silly!

. I am awfully anxious to see you alone.

. By the way, Pepe, we must have a serious talk.

. Name your own time.

. Oh, there is no hurry! That reminds me: what was that play you recommended the other evening? I dropped in as I was passing the theatre, but I did not see the girl. It seemed to me rather tame.

. She has been out of the cast for a few days. The manager discharged her because of some trouble, although I must say that I sympathized with the girl. Her parts were impossible. La Vélez has the company completely under her thumb, although she sings like a cat and wears clothes

. She will never make a hit with her clothes.

. We might compare notes, however, about the other one. The town has gone mad over her—it is a hit every time she appears. She has—how shall I put it? Oh, you know—personality; there is something about her…

. I know. You talk like the girl's mother.

. Was that what you wanted to say?

. No; speaking seriously, Isabel thinks… We might take it up later. Did you say she was still out of the cast?

. No, you can see her any night in "Impulse" and "A League of the Garter," the second and fourth zarzuelas. Highly sensational.

. I suppose you drop in every night?

. No, when I have nothing else to do.

. But you never do anything else. You are mak-


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 Thee Cries were coniderably increaed by the Death of Mrs. Partridge, which, tho’ owing to the Ditemper above mentioned which is no Conequence of Poverty or Ditres, many were not ahamed to impute to Mr. Allworthy’s Severity, or, as they now termed it, Cruelty.

Partridge, having now lot his Wife, his School, and his Annuity, and the unknown Peron having now dicontinued the lat-mentioned Charity, reolved to change the Scene, and left the Country, where he was in Danger of tarving with the univeral Compaion of all his Neighbours.  A hort Sketch of that Felicity which prudent Couples may extract from Hatred; with a hort Apology for thoe People who overlook Imperfections in their Friends.

HO’ the Captain had effectually demolihed poor Partridge, yet had he not reaped the Harvet he hoped for, which was to turn the Foundling out of Mr. Allworthy’s Houe.


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 ing a great mistake. Women are hypersensitive about the theatre; it is so public. I never specialized in theatres myself; I do not recommend them to others.

. What is papa telling Pepe?

. He is calling him to account. It was only right that he should know.

. Who? Papa? You ought never to have told him. He will think that I am silly.

. You would be silly, if you were not right; and you are foolish to be unhappy because you are. The silliest thing in the world would be for you to make your husband unhappy.

. I am not making my husband unhappy.

. But what is the matter? What are you trying to do.?

. Do you suppose that I married to be humiliated and neglected by my husband?

. Has he done anything else.?

. Has he? Only to-day

. Hush! They may hear us…

. Yes, wait until we are alone…

. I must step out for a moment, my dear; I hope to return shortly—that is, if I can slip away.

. Oh! Don't you know whether you can return or not? Aren't you going to stay to dinner.?

. Of course he is not.

. I shall do my best—if possible…

. What is the use of this farce? You know perfectly well that you are not coming back.

. María Antonia!

. I think, perhaps, you take these matters too seriously. I understand his position. In fact, I feared for a moment that I might be prevented from dining with you myself. Women have an idea that men have nothing to do


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 be raised to-morrow, the trade would again begin to drain back into the hands of its old owners, the tawny Moors, for the Western Soudan is being pacified by France. If some way is not devised of providing the tawny Moors with trade sufficient to keep them, things must go badly there, owing to the unfertility of the greater part of their country and the increase of the population arising from the pacification of the Western Soudan, which France is effecting. I will dwell no longer on this sketch of the history of the advance of France in Western Africa. We in England cannot judge it fairly. Nationally, her honour there is our disgrace; commercially, her presence is our ruin.

Two things only stand out from these generalisations. The Royal Niger Company shows how great England can be when she is incarnate in a great man, for the Royal Niger Company is so far Sir George Taubman-Goldie. The other thing that stands out unstained by comatose indifference to the worth of West Africa to England is her Commerce as represented by her West Coast traders, who have held on to the Coast since the sixteenth century with a bulldog grip, facing death and danger, fair weather and foul. Fine things both these two things are, but they do not understand each other; they would certainly not understand me regarding their affairs were I to talk from June to January, so I won't attempt to, but speak to the general public, who so far have understood neither Sir George Goldie, nor the West Coast trader, nor for the matter of that their mutual foe France, and I beg to say that France has not been so destructive an enemy to England there as England's own folly has been as incarnate in the parliamentary resolution of 1865; that the achievements of France in exploration in the West

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 but keep engagements which they make for them. They plan and settle it all beforehand, days ahead; such a night we go to the theatre, such an evening we have guests to dinner. A man cannot be expected to burden his mind with these petty details. You are the very first to find fault with us when we neglect our business or our other affairs, yet you expect us always to be sitting at home, waiting on your pleasure, I cannot understand women; positively, I cannot understand them.

. Yes, women are all unreasonable. Nobody understands them. He has known perfectly well since Monday that we were to dine here this evening, yet he must select this very evening

. Don't you want me to go? Very well, then, I won't go; I am perfectly agreeable.

. Yes, you are! You are going just the same. I insist upon it. I don't care to have you sitting around all evening if this is what you are going to look like.

. Whether I go or not, I shall make it a point to provide a little opportunity, shortly, for you to look pleasant.

. It will take a great deal to make me look like you do now.

. Whenever I turn around, it seems I am responsible.

. You are two children.

. Why didn't you tell me that you had prepared this little scene before we left home?

. You can stop it by leaving if you don't like it—and the sooner the better. If you had let me come alone, as I wished, you would have avoided it altogether.

. I didn't want Isabel and your father to think…

. What do you care what they think? Papa always sides with you, and Isabel has too much sense to interfere.


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Rh

The whole enwrought most craftily,

And great of price I warrant ye.

Then o’er her robe, and round each hem

Shone many a lustrous priceless gem.

Which flashed and glittered in the light

As heaven’s bright stars on frost-clear night.

Richesse around her girdlestead

Was gloriouswise encincturèd

Above her purple robe. A stone

Of magic power and virtue shone

Amidst thereof: the wight who bore

This stone need poisons fear no more,

For ’gainst all venoms which to man

Bear danger, ’twas a talisman,

And to a knight of gentle birth

Above Rome’s treasures was its worth.

The mordant, of a gem was made

That aching of the teeth allayed,

And whoso looked on it ere yet

He brake his morning’s fast, should get

Long years of faultless sight. Of gold

Without alloy was made the hold

That clasped it, while each single tooth

Was worth a bezant’s weight forsooth.

No silk or satin plaits she ware

To hold her wealth of yellow hair.

But golden circlets, thrice refined,

The glory of her head confined.

A subtle pen that scribe would own

Who could at full describe each stone

And gem unvalued, richly set

Within her gorgeous coronet,


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38

For not a man on earth can guess

Their untold worth and pricelessness,

Shy-shaming sapphires, rubies red

As pigeon’s blood but newly shed,

Garnets and emeralds weighed not less

Than ounces ten; but profitless

It were that I should strive to paint

The great carbuncle’s glory, faint

And poor were any words of mine

To warrant how ’tis wont to shine

So clearly that on murkiest night.

Devoid of lamp, the wearer might

(So strongly shoots its brilliant ray)

For many a league pursue his way.

Such brightness sprang from forth this stone

That every part of Richesse shone

With glory, body, feet and face.

As though bright stars belit the place.

Fast by the hand, Dame Richesse led

A youth of fairest goodlihead;

Her gallant past all doubt was he.

And gladly sought her company.

He loved fine mansions, castles fair,

And jewels rich, and vestments rare,

Grand stables, horses past all price,

And sooner were he charged with vice

Of theft or murder, than ’twere said

His stables harboured crock or jade.

The friendship constantly he sought

Of Dame Richesse, for all his thought

Was how to scatter wealth, and she

Supplied his hands ungrudgingly.


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Rh

Right recklessly he made display

Of gorgeous splendour day by day,

While she with free hand gave, as though

Gold bezants did her barns o’erflow.

Then next to noble Richesse came

Largesse, a free and generous dame.

No man on earth I trow doth live.

Loves more to grasp than she to give

Honour and wealth; to Alexander

Is she akin, and loves to squander

Her gifts if but for giving’s sake,

Crying to all who pass: Come, take!

Poor pinching Avarice loves not more

To heap and gather needless store.

Than Largesse doth to scatter wide

Her good, and still doth God provide

Her plenteous wise, for while ’tis spent

Thus freely, still doth it augment.

Largesse aye keepeth ’neath her rule

Alike the sage and drivelling fool,

All bow to her and fain confess

Her for their friend and patroness.

And if perchance she suffereth hate

Of any wight, ’tis dissipate,

Quick as hoar-frost, by some great gift,

And therefore rich and poor uplift

Loud voice alike in Largesse’ praise.

A fool is that great lord whose ways

Are beggarlike! No other vice

Degrades great men like avarice.


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 ern Soudan make one of the grandest pages of all European efforts in Africa; that the influence of France over the natives has been, is, and, I believe, will remain good. "Our intentions are pure and noble, our cause is just, the future cannot fail us," said Faidherbe. So far as the natives are concerned, this has been the policy of France in Western Africa. So far as diplomatic relations with ourselves, humanly speaking, it has not; but diplomacy is diplomacy, and the amount of probity—justice—in diplomacy is a thing that would not at any period cover a threepenny-bit. It is a form of war that shows no blood, but which has not in it those things which sanctify red war, honour and chivalry. Nevertheless, diplomacy is an essential thing in this world; it does good work, it saves life, it increases prosperity, it advances the cause of religion and knowledge, and there- fore the World must not be hard on it for its being—what it is. Personally, I prefer contemplating other things, and so I turn to Commerce.

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of space, not lack of interest, prevents me from sketching the careers of other nations in West Africa even so poorly as I have that of France; but the truth is, the material for the history of the other nations is so enormous that in order to present it with anything approaching clearness or fairness, folio volumes are required. I have a theory of the proper way to write the history of all European West African enterprises—a theory I shall endeavour to put into practice if I am ever cast ashore on an uninhabited island, with a suitable library, a hogshead of ink, a few tons of writing paper, accompanied by pens, and at least a quarter of a century of uninterrupted calm at my disposal. The theory itself is short, so I can state it here. Pay no attention to the nasty things they say about each other—it's the climate.

The history of the Portuguese occupation of West Africa is the great one. The material for its early geographico-historical side is in our hands, owing to the ability of Mr. Major and his devotion to the memory of Prince Henry

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 the Navigator. But the history of Portugal in West Africa from the days of the Navigator onwards wants writing. Sir A. B. Ellis fortunately gives us, in his history of the Gold Coast, an account of the part that Portugal played there, but, except for this region, you must hunt it up second-hand in the references made to it by prejudiced rivals, or in scattered Portuguese books and manuscripts. While as for the commercial history of Portugal in West Africa, although it has been an unbroken one from the fifteenth century to our own time, it has so far not been written at all. This seems to me all the more deplorable, because it is full of important lessons for those nations who are now attempting to exploit the regions she first brought them into contact with.

It must be noted, for one thing, that Portugal was the first European nation to tackle Africa in what is now by many people considered the legitimate way, namely, by direct governmental control. Other nations left West African affairs in the hands of companies of merchant adventurers and private individuals for centuries. Nevertheless, Portugal is nowadays unpopular among the other nations engaged in exploiting Africa. I shrink from embroiling myself in controversy, but I am bound to say I think she has become unpopular on account of prejudice, coupled with that strange moral phenomenon that makes men desirous of persuading themselves that a person they have treated badly deserves such treatment.

The more powerful European nations have dealt scandalously, from a moral standpoint, with Portugal in Africa. This one could regard calmly, it being in the nature of powerful nations to do this sort of thing, were it not for the airs they give themselves; and to hear them

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432 degree of summer heat than it gets in England, for in the south of France it becomes a splendid tree. I saw in the Museum Gardens at Chambery, in the grounds of the Castle formerly belonging to the Dukes of Savoy, a tree which, though forked near the ground, had two tall clean trunks each about 100 feet by 5 to 6 feet. The leaves were only just appearing on 18th May, and many of the large bean-like pods full of greenish pulp, which had fallen in the winter, lay on the ground. Seeds from these pods germinated, but the seedlings, with one exception, withered soon afterwards. It is not uncommon in Savoy, and I saw a fine specimen, 81 feet by 9 feet 6 inches, in the Public Gardens at Aix-les-Bains, which in October 1906 had ripe pods on it. It is known in France by the name of “Bonduc.”

In the old Botanic Garden at Padua a splendid tree was in 1895, according to Prof. Saccardo, 135 years old, 21 metres high, and 2.60 metres in girth, When I saw it in 1905 the trunk was broken off at about 12 feet, but long shoots, which were in flower, had been produced from the stump.


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Rh and it appears to be perfectly hardy in the north of France, having sustained without injury the severe winter of 1879–1880. Its large fragrant foliage renders it perhaps more suitable than the Ailanthus for planting in towns. It is said by Nicholson to be now largely used in Holland for that purpose.

The tree is rather rare in England, and we have seen no specimens remarkable for size. There is a tree in Kew Gardens which measured in November 1905 33 feet by 2 feet 4 inches. This is probably of the same age as an Ailanthus of equal height growing beside it. A tree much about the same size is growing and thriving in Messrs. Veitch's Nursery at Coombe Wood. Mr. Cassels informs me that young trees of Cedrela are planted in some of the London County Council parks, as Meath Gardens and Bethnal Green.

Cedrela sinensis is also cultivated in the United States, where a tree flowered at Meehan's nurseries, Germanstown, in 1895. Another only eight years old had attained in the same year 20 feet in height in western Virginia. Professor Sargent thinks it might be used as a street tree in New England, though introduced plants have proved rather tender in that climate. It has frequently flowered in France, but has never produced fruit there. There is no record of its having flowered as yet in England,

Mouillefert speaks of this tree as one which, in his opinion, has a great future in Europe on account of the high quality of its wood, which he compares to that of mahogany and that of the so-called cedar of the West Indies (Cedrela odorata). He says that the tree grows fast from seed, attaining 5 feet in the third year, and adds that on calcareous soil of middling quality at Grignon a tree about twenty-five years old measured 10 metres high.


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 The coast is curved with gentle bays, and hills Roll gradual up behind. A fallen people Dwell there amidst the stalking memories Of greatness. All but the name is changed from what It was; so I stand here. My wanderings Have carried me through marvellous strange lands, And thick-filled days, and nights of miracles— So I stand here."

Now while they spoke the barge Moved with the Nile round a sharp elbow turn, And Creon saw the slow, dark water struck With a quick dance of many-colored lights That reached out from a palace on the banks, A many-columned palace of huge front, From out whose entrance poured an eager glow Past granite sphinxes calmly crouched at guard. Then the queen rose and proudly caught the robe About her, and in the movement flashed the jewels Once gloriously. And the queen spoke: "O Creon, I am full deeply wronged by thee, for thou Hast slain my warriors at the quarry gate, Ay, brought strong death so near I almost felt His hand brush past my face. And I have now A thought to call these Nubians and point To thee."

And hotly Creon spoke in answer: "Hear! at thy first word swift I gather thee Within my arms, and raise aloft, and leap To pleasant death within this Nile!"


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trees belonging to the order Juglandeæ, with large, alternate, compound, imparipinnate leaves; leaflets serrate; stipules absent. Buds scaly or naked, the lateral ones often multiple, two to three in a vertical row above the insertion of the leaf. Pith chambered. Flowers monœcious, numerous in long pendent catkins. Male catkins usually several, arising singly in the leaf axils; in some species (caucasica, stenoptera) lateral on the preceding year's shoots, with an occasional catkin on the current year's shoot; in other species (rhoifola, Paliurus) all on the new shoots. Stamens nine to eighteen in several series on the axis of a three- to six-lobed scale, to which a bract is adnate on the back, the scale representing two bracteoles and one to four perianth segments. Female catkins solitary, terminating the young shoot. Female flowers with a bract and two bracteoles at the base; perianth four-lobed, adnate to the ovary, which contains one ovule, and is surmounted by a short style, divided above into two papillose stigmatic divisions. Fruit catkins long, with numerous nut-like fruits, which have in most species two lateral wings, in one species a single orbicular wing all round, due to the enlarged bracteoles of the flower, the bract persisting little changed at the base of the fruit. Nutlet, with a thin pericarp and a hardened endocarp, the latter divided below into four imperfect cells, and containing one seed, which is four-lobed below. Cotyledons bi-partite, each division being again deeply divided, forming four linear segments; carried above ground in germination.

Pterocarya and Juglans have similar foliage, and agree in the chambered pith of the twigs. They are readily distinguished when in fruit, that of Pterocarya being always small and winged. When specimens in leaf only are obtainable, the best mark of distinction lies in the buds, which in Pterocarya are either without scales or are enclosed in a long conical beaked funnel-like covering, composed of membranous scales—differing in either case from the short buds of Juglans with two to three external scales,

Seven species of Pterocarya are known, occurring in Persia, the Caucasus, China, Tonking, and Japan. A hybrid species has been obtained in cultivation, which will be described under P. caucasica. The seven species which occur in the wild state may be arranged as follows:—


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But she who lay upon the blackening barge Spoke swiftly, yet so clear, it was to Creon Like a friend's lip awhisper at his ear. Then lowering down the ponderous rock, he stretched A welcoming hand to them. And so they took, And carried to the barge, and placed upon The deck.

And Charmian, she who stood beside The queen, delicate in her draperies Of white, marked first the many rended garb Of Creon, but the queen said: "Lo! a king Has come before us."

Steadfastly the queen Looked on him till he shook his shoulders back And gazed again. "Thou drawst a mighty bow," She said, "But say in what strange country thou Wast taught to level angry shafts at women; Say whence thou comest?"

Then: "Creon my name. I came from out the quarries in the sand. At dawn I struck the rock with other slaves, And armed men strode at guard, even such as these. To-night they yell along my track, and here— An empty quiver at my side!"

But still She questioned, smiling: "Stranger, name thy land."

"My country lies beyond the seas, and I Have seen its outlines dim in western clouds.


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438 **Buds long, conical, beaked at the apex, enclosed during summer and autumn by a membranous funnel-like covering, composed of several scales.

6. Pterocarya macroptera, Batalin, ''Act. Hort. Petrop.'' xiii. 100 (1893). China: mountains of Kansuh.

7. Pterocarya rhoifolia, Siebold et Zuccarini. Japan.

A tree attaining 100 feet in height and ro feet or more in girth, usually however smaller, and tending to branch into several stems at no great height above the ground. Bark dark grey and furrowed. Shoots glabrous. Leaves (Plate 125, fig. 1) 16 to 20 inches long, ona stalk 2 to 3 inches long, only slightly swollen at its base; rachis not winged. Leaflets fifteen to twenty-seven, opposite or subopposite, sessile or sub-sessile, 3 to 5 inches long; oblong or oblong-lanceolate; acute, acuminate, or obtuse at the apex; unequal and rounded or narrowed at the base; dark green above; under surface lighter green, without glands, glabrous except for some stellate pubescence along the nerves and in their axils; thin in texture; sharply and finely serrate. Staminate catkins several, each in the axil of a leaf-scar on the preceding year's shoot, rarely one or more on the current year's shoot; scale usually five-lobed, stamens twelve to fifteen. Fruiting catkins up to eighteen inches long.


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440 the rachis shows here and there a very slight wing, like that of P. stenoptera, only never serrate in margin. The fruits have oval wings, shorter and broader than those of P. stenoptera, the nut being more beaked than in that species. The veining of the fruit-wings resembles P. caucasica.

Pterocarya caucasica has been found in the northern provinces (Astrabad and Ghilan) of Persia, and in Russian Armenia, as well as in the Caucasus. According to Radde, it occurs in the marshy delta of the Rion in company with Alnus glutinosa, and along the coast of the Black Sea, mixed with oak, beech, and hornbeam. It grows sometimes as a tree, but oftener as a tall shrub, on the banks of streams. It extends up to about 1200 feet only in Kachetia, and is met with as far eastward as Talysch, on the coast of the Caspian Sea, where in damp places it forms the principal underwood. It is not found wild in the interval between the lower Rion on the west and the lower valley of the Alazan on the south side of the central Caucasus, and is again absent from here to the province of Talysch.

Mr. Younitsky of the Russian Forest Service has kindly sent me the following account of the tree in the Caucasus. He says it is only found in certain stations, rarely over 1200 feet elevation, and always in moist or very wet places, to which it is better adapted than even the alder. In the young stage the tree is very delicate and susceptible to spring frosts, requiring shelter when young; and when older does not bear shade well. Very large trees occur, of 100 feet in height and 10 feet in girth, and logs of it are obtained bare of branches for 50 feet, with a girth of 5 feet at the smaller end. It grows very rapidly in youth, making a height of 30 feet in ten years. The wood is light and soft, resembling much that of the lime-tree, and is chiefly used for making boxes and packing-cases. The bark is used for sandals and roofing. The leaves contain a poisonous matter, and when thrown into water intoxicate the fish, which rise to the surface and are easily caught. The tree is rarely cultivated, but is recommended for planting in the wettest situations, where it will thrive better than almost any other tree.

Pterocarya caucasica was introduced into France by the elder Michaux on his return from Persia in 1782. According to Bosc the first tree was planted at Versailles, others a little time after being planted about the Museum in Paris. According to Mouillefert, there are still growing at the Trianon, Versailles, and at the Museum, Paris, two fine specimens which are probably original trees. The tree flowered and produced fruit in 1826 in the park at Malesherbes, according to a note by Gay in the Kew Herbarium. There is a tree 80 feet high and g feet in girth in the Old Botanic Garden at Geneva, which was seen by Elwes in 1905.


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AUTHOR’S PREFACE. In the above-mentioned investigations of Henle, Turpin, and Dumortier, the resemblance which the animal tissues examined (epithelium and the liver or yelk of snails) bore to plants, lay, in the first place, in the circumstance, that their elementary particles grew without vessels, and in part, free in a fluid, or even inclosed in another cell; and in the second place, in that these elementary particles exhibiting a non-vascular growth, were furnished with a peculiar wall, like the cells of plants. When this coincidence was furnished, we were entitled to arrange these cells as near to the vegetable cells as the different kinds of animal cells, for instance, germinal vesicles, blood-corpuscles, and fat-cells, stand together, when regarded as different species comprised under the natural-history idea of cells.

The state of the matter, therefore, when I commenced my researches was as follows: The elementary particles of organised bodies presented the greatest variety of form; there was a resemblance between many of them, and, according to the greater or lesser degree of similarity, a group of fibres, of cells, of globules, and so on, might be distinguished, and in each of these divisions again there were different forms. As the cells taken collectively differed from the fibres, so also,only in a less degree, must the separate kinds of cells differ from each other, and the different kinds of fibres from each other. All those forms seemed to have nothing else in common, save that they grew by the addition of new molecules between those already existing, that they were living elements. So long as the epithelium-cells were regarded as a secretion of the organised substance, they could never, in that sense, be classed with the living elementary particles. There seemed to be no general rule with respect to the mode in which the molecules were joined together to form the living particles; here they united into one kind of cells, there into another, and at a third spot into a fibre, and so on. The principle of development appeared to be altogether different for such particles as differed


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Delight

 * "Delight", a poem by Mathilde Blind
 * "Delight", a poem by Olive Custance
 * Delight, a novel by Mazo de la Roche

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 talking nowadays about Portugal's part in African history is enough to make the uninitiated imagine that the sweet innocent things have no past of their own, and never knew the price of black ivory.

"Oh, but that is all forgiven and forgotten, and Portugal is just what she always was at heart," you say. Well, Portugal at heart was never bad, as nations go. Her slaving record is, in the point of humanity to the cargo, the best that any European nation can show who has a slaving West African past at all.

The thing she is taxed with nowadays mainly is that she does not develope her possessions. Developing African possessions is the fashion, so naturally Portugal, who persists on going about in crinoline and poke bonnet style, gets jeered at. This is right in a way, so long as we don't call it the high moral view and add to it libel. I own that my own knowledge of Portuguese possessions forces me to regard those possessions as in an unsatisfactory state from an imperialistic standpoint; a grant made by the home government for improvements, say roads, has a tendency to—well, not appear as a road. Some one—several people possibly—is all the better and happier for that grant; and after all if you do not pay your officials regularly, and they are not Englishmen, you must take the consequences. Even when an honest endeavour is made to tidy things up, a certain malign influence seems to dodge its footsteps in a Portuguese possession. For example, when I was out in '93, Portugal had been severely reminded by other nations that this was the Nineteenth Century. Bom Dios—Bother it, I suppose it is—says Portugal—must do something to smarten up dear Angola. She is over 400 now, and hasn't had any new frocks since

title: Page:West African Studies.djvu/343


text: Opals (Custance)/Glamour of Gold

title: Opals (Custance)/Glamour of Gold


text:
Cruz v. Beto

Petitioner prisoner, an alleged Buddhist, complained that he was not allowed to use the prison chapel, that he was prohibited from writing to his religious advisor, and that he was placed in solitary confinement for sharing his religious material with other prisoners. The Federal District Court denied relief without a hearing or findings, holding the complaint to be in an area that should be left "to the sound discretion of prison administration." The Court of Appeals affirmed.

Held: On the basis of the allegations, Texas has discriminated against petitioner by denying him a reasonable opportunity to pursue his Buddhist faith comparable to that offered other prisoners adhering to conventional religious precepts, and the cause is remanded for a hearing and appropriate findings.

Certiorari granted; 445 F. 2d 801, vacated and remanded.

title: Cruz v. Beto


text: The Yellow Book/Volume 3/De Profundis

title: The Yellow Book/Volume 3/De Profundis


text:
Cruz v. Beto/Concurrence Burger

MR. CHIEF JUSTICE BURGER, concurring in the result.

I concur in the result reached even though the allegations of the complaint are on the borderline necessary to compel an evidentiary hearing. Some of the claims alleged are frivolous; others do not present justiciable issues. There cannot possible be any constitutional or legal requirement that the government provide materials for every religion and sect practiced in this diverse country. At most, Buddhist materials cannot be denied to prisoners if someone offers to supply them.

title: Cruz v. Beto/Concurrence Burger


text:
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Rh are in full bloom. I must positively run up for a day before they are gone.

As I light a cigar after breakfast, I happened to glance over at Arthur and was struck by a change in him. For he has changed. I ask myself if my presence has not done him good. On my arrival he seemed without energy, almost torpid, but now he is becoming restless. He wanders about the room continually and sometimes shows a disposition to talk.

Yes, I am sure he is better. I am going for my walk now, and I feel convinced that in a week's time I shall have him accompanying me.

IVE o'clock. Dusk is falling. O God! What has come over me? Am I the same man that went out of this house three hours ago? And what has happened!

I had a splendid walk, and was striding homeward in a fine glow. But as I turned the corner and came in sight of the house, it was as if I looked at death itself. I could hardly drag myself up the stairs, and when I peered into the shadowy chamber, and saw the man hunched up on the couch, with his eyes fixed intently on my face, I could have screamed like a woman. I wanted to fly, to rush out into the clear cold air and run—to run and never come back! But I controlled myself, forced my feet to carry me to my room.

There is a weight of hopelessness at my heart. The darkness is advancing, swallowing up everything, but I have not the will to light the gas

Now there is a flicker in the front room. I am a fool; I must pull myself together. Arthur is lighting up, and downstairs I can hear the thumping that announces dinner

It is a queer thought that comes to me now, but it is odd I have not noticed it before. We are about to sit down to our evening meal. Arthur will eat practically nothing for he has no appetite. Yet he remains stout. It cannot be healthy fat, but even at that it seems to me that a man who eats as little as he does would become a living skeleton.

CTOBER 5.—Positively, I must see a doctor about myself, or soon I shall be a nervous wreck. I am acting like a child. Last night I lost all control and played the coward.

I had gone to bed early, tired out with a hard day's work. It was raining again, and as I lay in bed I watched the little rivulets trickling down the panes. Lulled by the sighing of the wind among the leaves, I fell asleep.

I awoke (how long afterward I cannot say) to feel a cold hand laid on my arm. For a moment I lay paralyzed with terror. I would have cried aloud, but I had no voice. At last I managed to sit up, to shake the hand off. I reached for the matches and lighted the gas.

It was Arthur who stood by my bed—Arthur wrapped in his eternal reddish-brown dressing-gown. He was excited. His blue face has a yellow tinge, and his eyes gleamed in the light.

"Listen!" he whispered.

I listened but I heard nothing.

"Don't you hear it?" he gasped, and he pointed upward.

"Upstairs?" I stammered. "Is there somebody upstairs?"

I strained my ears, and as last I fancied I could hear a fugitive sound like the light tapping of footsteps.

"It must be somebody walking about up there," I suggested.

But at these words Arthur seemed to stiffen. The excitement died out of his face.

"No!" he cried in a sharp rasping voice. "No! It is nobody walking about up there!"

And he fled into his room.

For a long time I lay trembling, afraid to move. But at last, fearing for Arthur, I got up and crept to his door. He was lying on the couch, which his face in the moonlight, apparently asleep.

CTOBER 6.—I had a talk with Arthur today. Yesterday I could not bring myself to speak of the previous night's happening, but all of this nonsense must be cleared away.

We were in the library. A fire was burning in the grate, and Arthur had his feet on the fender. The slippers he wears, by the way, are as objectionable to me as his dressing-gown. They are felt slippers, old and worn, and frayed around the edges as if they had been gnawed by rats. I cannot imagine why he does not get a new pair.

"Say, old man," I began abruptly, "do you own this house?"

He nodded.

"Don't you rent any of it?"

"Downstairs—to Mrs. Harlan."

"But upstairs?"

He hesitated, then shook his head.

"No, it's inconvenient. There's only a peculiar way to get upstairs."

I was struck by this.

"By jove! you're right. Where's the staircase?"

He looked me full in the eyes.

"Don't you remember seeing a bolted door in a corner of your room? The staircase runs from that door."

I did remember it, and somehow the memory made me uncomfortable. I said no more and decided not to refer to what had happened that night. It occurred to me that Arthur may have been walking in his sleep.

CTOBER 8.—When I went for my walk on Tuesday I dropped in and saw Dr. Lorraine, who is an old friend. He expressed some surprise at my run-down condition and wrote me a prescription.

I am planning to go home next week. How pleasant it will be to walk in my garden and listen to Mrs. O'Brien singing in the kitchen!

CTOBER 9.—Perhaps I had better postpone my trip. I casually mentioned it to Arthur this morning.

He was lying relaxed on the sofa, but when I spoke of leaving he sat up as straight as a bolt. His eyes fairly blazed.

"No, Tom, don't go!" There was terror in his voice, and such pleading that wrung my heart.

"You've stood it alone here ten years," I protested. "And now—"

"It's not that," he said. "But if you go, you will never come back."

"IS that all the faith you have in me?"

"I've got faith, Tom. But if you go, you'll never come back."

I decided that I must humor the vagaries of a sick man.

"All right," I agreed. "I'll not go. Anyway, not for some time."

CTOBER 12.—What is it that hangs over this house like a cloud? For I can no longer deny that there is something—something indescribably oppressive. It seems to pervade the whole neighborhood.

Are all the houses on this block vacant? If not, why do I never see children playing in the street? Why are passers-by so rare? And why, when from the front window I do catch a glimpse of one, is he hastening away as fast as possible?

I am feeling blue again. I know that I need a change, and this morning I told Arthur definitely that I was going.

To my surprise he made no objection. In fact, he murmured a word of assent and smiled. He smiled as he smiled in the library that morning when he pointed at the Aster Tripolium. And I don't like that smile. Anyway, it is settled. I shall go next week, Thursday, the 19th.

CTOBER 13.—I had a strange dream last night. Or was it a dream? It was so vivid All day long I have been seeing it over and over again.

In my dream I thought that I was lying there in my bed. The moon was shining brightly into the room, so that each piece of furniture stood


text: Page:Poems Cook.djvu/98

title: Page:Poems Cook.djvu/98


text:
Page:Romance of the Rose (Ellis), volume 1.pdf/74

40

The man of close, hard-griping hand

Ne’er wins high seigniory or land,

For few finds he of loving friends

To spread his fame or work his ends.

The man who fain would draw around

Him friends, should let his hand abound

In gifts free-given—for thus he earns

Great love—and as the needle turns

Towards the pole, e’en so shall he

By gifts draw friends abundantly.

A purple garment, rich and cool,

Enwoven in the Mawmet school

Of Saracens did Largesse wear;

Left open ’twas, with careless care.

About the neck, for latterly

Unto a dame hard by her she

Had lent the mordant; passing well

I liked the fashion, made to tell

The snowy whiteness of her throat,

Which through thin gauze rapt eyes might note.

For knight, Dame Largesse did engage

A youth who claimed the lineage

Of Arthur, King of England; he

Bore Valour’s banner gloriously,

And eke the gonfanon; right great

And noble deeds by him relate

Minstrels, in courts of Counts and Kings,

And hitherward he a trophy brings

Fresh from a tourney which he lays

Before his mistress’s feet, whose praise

Through many a joust hath he maintained

In shattering helm and shield, and gained


text:
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60. Meisling, A. A., Ein Polarisationskolorimeter. ''Zeitsch. für Analytische Chemie'', 43, pp. 137-146, 1904.

61. Munsell, A. HA [sic]., A Color Notation. Boston, 1907.

62. Atlas of Munsell Color System. Munsell Color Co., New York. 63. Nutting, P. G., The Luminous Equivalent of Radiation. ''Bull. of the Bur. of Stands.'', 5, pp. 261-308, 1908.

64.A Method for Constructing the Natural Scale of Pure Color. ''Bull. of the Bur. of Stands.'', 5, pp. 261-308, 1908.

65.Outlines of Applied Optics. Philadelphia, 1912.

66.A New Precision Colorimeter. ''Bull. of the Bur. of Stands.'', 9, 1; 1913.

67.The Retinal Sensibilities Rélated to Illuminating Engineering. ''Trans. of the Illum. Eng. Soc.'', 11, p. 1-16; 1916.

68. 1919 Report of Standards Committee on Visual Sensitometry, ''Jour. of the Opt. Soc. of Amer.'', 4, pp. 55-79; 1920.

69. Ostwald, W.,. Leipzig, 1917.

70. . I, Leipzig, 1918, II, 1919. 71. . Leipzig, 1918.

72. . Leipzig, 1919. 73. Parsons, J. H., An Introduction to the Study of Colour Vision. Cambridge (Eng.), 1915.

74. Planck, Max, The Theory of Heat Radiation. Eng. Trans. by M. Masius, Philadelphia, 1914.

75. Porter, T. C., Contributions to the Study of Flicker. ''Proc. of the Roy. Soc. of London'', 70, 313-329, 1902.

76. Priest, I. G., A Proposed Method for the Photometry of Lights of Different Colors. (Proc. Amer. Phys. Soc.) Physical Rev. (2) 9, pp. 341-345; 6, pp. 64-66; 10, pp. 208-212.

77.Report on the Calibration of Sixteen Lovibond Red Glasses. The Cotton Oil Press, 4, 43-44; 1921.

78.A Precision Method for Producing Artificial Daylight. Physical Rev., 11, pp. 502-504; 1918.

79.Preliminary Note on the Relation between the Quality of Color and the Spectral Distribution of the Light in the Stimulus. ''Jour. of the Opt. Soc. of Amer.'', 4, pp. 388-401; 1920.

80.Note on the Relation between the Frequencies of Complementary Hues. ''Jour. of the Opt. Soc. of Amer.'', 4, pp. 402-404, and 5, p. 513; 1921.

81.A New Study of the Leucoscope and its Application to Pyrometry. ''Jour. of the Opt. Soc. of Amer.'', 4, pp. 448-495; 1920.

82.The Spectral Distribution of Energy Required to Evoke the Gray Sensation. ''B. S. Sci. Paper No. 417, Aug. 1921, Abstract in Jour. of the Opt. Soc. of Amer.'', 5, pp. 205-209; 1921.

83. Priest, I. G., Gibson, K. S., McNicholas, H. J., An Examination of the Munsell Color System. ''Technologic Paper, Bur. of Stands.'' No. 167, 1920.

84. Rand, G., The Factors that Influence the Sensitivity of the Retina to Color. Psychological Review Monograph No. 62, 1913. 85. Rayleigh, Lord, Report of the Committee on Color-Vision. ''Proc. of the Roy. Soc. of London'', 51, pp. 280-396; 1892. 86. Reports of the Committee on Nomenclature and Standards. Illuminating Engineering Society. ''Trans. of the Illum. Eng. Soc.'', yearly.

title: Page:JOSA-Vol 06-06.djvu/73


text:
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 They saw the dejection that clouded the countenance of Ferdinand, but avoided appearing to notice it, and exerted themselves to amuse his mind in the way to the Baron's house, where, on their arrival, he was left alone with the Count, who gave him an account of their proceedings, and also the contents of the two letters he had received. Ferdinand was equally as communicative, and in the Count's friendly sympathy found some alleviation to his sorrows.

The late occurrences had rendered them forgetful of Louisa, and they proposed calling on her in the evening. Young Reiberg was not yet returned, and they began to grow uneasy at his absence, when the Baron was informed a Gentleman requested to speak with him; his name D'Alenberg.

They started with joy, the Baron hastened to the library where the servant had conducted him, and very soon returned, introducing him to the Count and Ferdinand.—They flew to welcome him.


text:
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 "I am at a loss for words (said the friendly Gentleman) to express the unexpected pleasure of this meeting: I came here under the most painful inquietude; two words from this Gentleman (pointing to the Baron) has almost intoxicated me with joy."

The two friends congratulated themselves on this agreeable meeting; the Count eagerly inquired after Miss D'Alenberg.

"Poor Theresa (answered he) has suffered much, a disorder on her spirits, a nervous affection the doctors term it. The strange adventures which befell Louisa did not tend to lessen it; but the letters we received from her and you gave a sudden and uncommon turn, a flow of spirits, such as I could scarcely have expected.

"We lost no time in setting off for Vienna, and arrived safely this morning; but had hardly time to embrace our young friend, when the doctor entered with a story that threw my poor invalids into a very terrible situation, no other than that Count


text:
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 M and Count Ferdinand had been accused of robbery and murder, were taken up, and confined in a prison. This relation, of which the doctor could not foresee the sad effects, gave me more exquisite pain than any I had ever experienced: The anxiety I have felt for some hours cannot be described; I came here under the apprehension of hearing the fatal certainty of the doctor's report. How little did I expect to see you both!"

"Indeed, Sir (said Ferdinand) we are much indebted to you for the kind solicitude you express, but there has been but too much truth in the story you heard."

"Well, well (cried Mr. D'Alenberg) I have not time to hear the explanation at present; it is sufficient that I see you safe; I must fly back to remove the anxiety of my daughter and Louisa."

"May we not be permitted to wait upon the Ladies?" asked the Count.

"Not this evening (answered he;) the journey has fatigued Theresa, and she has


text:
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 been thrown into great agitations on your account. Early in the morning I will see you again. The Baron invited him to breakfast, and he promised to attend them."

The friends were exceedingly pleased at the arrival of Mr. D'Alenberg, and promised to themselves a speedy termination of an affair so injurious to Ferdinand, from the concurrent testimony of him and Louisa, in his favour; as her account would develop the design of Count Wolfran in forcing his way into Heli's house, and the elopement of Fatima the preceding day with the Count, naturally accounted for the fatal effects that followed his intrusion; for the rest, conceiving that he had lost Louisa through her knowledge of Ferdinand, and feeling himself deceived and abandoned by the person he had acknowledged as a sister, Heli had, from mere malice and revenge, accused Ferdinand of crimes he could not for a moment think him really guilty of. As to the robbery, their suspicions fell on the attendants of the Count,


text:
Page:Romance of the Rose (Ellis), volume 1.pdf/75

Rh

Proud victory over many a knight

By virtue’s power and strong-armed might.

Franchise stood next, on Largesse’ right,

Of skin as delicate, pure, and white

As hawthorn bloom or June-tide rose,

Not of the Orleans twist her nose,

But well formed, long and straight; her brow

Bore eyebrows arched like Cupid’s bow,

O’er laughing eyes; her long locks blond,

Her mien as simple, sweet and fond

As turtle-dove; her tender heart

Rejoiced in joy, or bore its part

With others’ sadness, and was fain

To keep her lips when speech woke pain.

So piteous was she and so true,

She ne’er would suffer one to rue

His life for love of her, nay more,

Such sympathy towards all she bore,

That when she saw some man who sighed

For her, she’d hasten to his side,

To save his soul from misery dire.

Of finest woof was her attire,

And warrant I that never lass

Betwixt this place and far Arras

Ware daintier raiment. It was sewed

And broidered in such skilful mode.

That doubt I much could seam or point

Have been more skilfully adjoint.

Grateful and charming to the eye,

Was Franchise’ modest bravery;


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 as the two Barons could prove Ferdinand was in their house during the whole transaction.

On a review of these circumstances they concluded the false accusations would be unquestionably proved, and Heli, if he lived, meet the punishment his baseness truly deserved. The Baron was just beginning to express some anxiety for the safety of his son, when he entered the room.

"Your looks are full of importance," said the Baron.

"They are a transcript of my mind then (answered he) for I promise you that I have not been idle since my departure from you this morning; I shall therefore wave my congratulations to Ferdinand, and relate to you my proceedings.

I repaired without delay to Heli's cottage, most fortunately I met one of our servants, and took him with me. When arrived there I was admitted by one of the men who guarded Heli, who told me that he was so much better, they intended to remove him to the prison.


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 I went up to him; he preserved the same sullen silence, and as I could not make him understand me, I desired the interpreter to inform him, "that his malice had proved ineffectual to hurt Ferdinand, whose innocence of his charges had been satisfactorily proved by my father and his friends; but that the murder of the Count would bear hard upon him, as not a single person knew him, or could he adduce any circumstances in his favour that would tend to invalidate the proofs against him, for no one would credit a story so absurd, as that Count Wolfran intended to rob his house, whatever were the motives that brought him there."—The interpreter repeated my words; he answered him with fury in his looks, and a kind of desperation in his air that shocked me. The answer was explained to me thus: "That he cursed Ferdinand, Fatima, and the Count, and to the former attributed all his misfortunes; for Fatima would have been faithful, had she never known him as a brother, and


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 the other woman (meaning Louisa) might have consoled him for her loss, had not that "Christian dog" forced himself into her company, and contrived to get her away; for all which he never would forgive him, nor cease to pray that his prophet Mahomet might destroy him.

As for himself, he despised all threats, and laughed at their menaces, for they could not hurt him.

He was then told, "that he was to be conveyed to a prison, and that his trial would prove the innocence of Ferdinand, as Louisa could declare in his favour by an account of the circumstances of the preceding day, when he had insulted Count Wolfran, and Fatima voluntarily eloped with him."

This intelligence threw him into a violent rage: "I have lost my jewels, lost the woman I loved, another torn from me, am wounded, and insulted; to serve those Christian dogs I have suffered all this! and shall I have no revenge? Great Prophet, avenge


text:
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 thy servant! Shall I prove the innocence of Ferdinand? No, he and his sister have been my ruin!"

"He gnashed his teeth with fury, and doubtless had any weapon been at hand he would have destroyed himself; but at this instant was heard a knocking at the door; it was opened; a man entered, who seemed confused at seeing so many persons, and inclined to retreat; but Heli immediately exclaimed, "That is one of the villains," and the interpreter seized him.

My servant exclaimed, "How, Sancho!"

"Sir (said he to me) this man I well remember; he was discharged from my late master's service for some dishonest practices, and enlisted himself in the army; It is now four years since he left Vienna as a soldier."

"What is your business here?" demanded I, pretty sternly.

"Sir (said he) I will to you make a free confession of some very particular circumstances, if you will pledge your honour to


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 save me from punishment; without that assurance I am dumb for ever."

"Being dumb, as you term it, will but little avail when this man proves you entered his house to rob and murder him; but if you are just in your confession, and repent of your crimes, by giving up your accomplices, I will exert my interest to procure you pardon, and you may depend upon my protection."

He was then freed, and entered on the following detail. "After the last battle with the Turks, the regiment he belonged to being disbanded, he sought to enter again into the service of some Nobleman, but his character was too well known at Vienna; he went therefore to Ratisbon, as he was related to a man who kept an inn there, and who, he thought, might possibly procure him a place.

At this inn he met with, and was hired by, Count Wolfran, who had only a confidential valet with him. The Count was very fond of the Ladies, and had two or


text:
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 three mistresses in the city. They lived there for some weeks, when the valet one day told him, they should soon go to a small hunting seat, which his master had near Vienna, and as the summer advanced they should travel.

A few days after this information the valet received a letter, which, he said, would be joyful news to his master. They had several private conferences, and one evening he received orders to pack up the baggage, as they were to leave Ratisbon the following morning. They did so, and arrived at a small village about two miles from the city of Ens; here he was told on no account to mention the name of his master, as they had some private business to transact.

The same evening the Count sent for him, and, after some conversation, promised him a handsome reward if he would assist in securing and carrying off two Ladies who had greatly injured him. The bribe was too considerable to be refused, and he was ordered to watch in a particular part of the city for


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 the arrival of some company at a Gentleman's house.

In less than a week, a Gentleman, two Ladies and servants, were seen to alight at the house, which information he conveyed to the Count. He believed the first intention was to attend to their motions, to follow them, and if they could not secure the Ladies whilst they remained in the city, to surround and seize upon them in their road to Vienna.

The Count never walked in the city, only sailed about the river. The day after the arrival of Mr. D'Alenberg, as he was in a boat, he saw the Ladies alone walking on the banks. This suggested to him a possibility of carrying them off by water. He immediately ordered his carriage to be in waiting every evening at a certain distance; the valet, himself and the Count, disguised, were in a boat with two men he had also bribed for his purpose.


text:
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 He little expected to succeed so soon, as the whole scheme depended on seeing the Ladies alone, and no boats on the river to observe him, which might possibly be some time before such an opportunity happened; but, contrary to his expectations, the very next evening they appeared on the banks alone, and walked a considerable way; it grew late, the air was rather cool, and the boats drew off sooner than was customary.

He lost no time, but made towards the shore and landed; the Ladies seemed frightened, and ran back; they pursued them; one had considerably the start of the other; the one behind fell; she was secured; in that moment, when they could soon have overtaken the other, a boat appeared at a distance coming down the river; they were compelled to retreat with only half of their expected prize.

She was carried to the boat, and soon conveyed to the carriage, after which, by cross roads, they arrived at the Count's hun-


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 ting seat. He understood this Lady was an old mistress of the Count's, who had injured him with another whom he loved. He was highly provoked at not getting the other, but swore to be revenged on this.

What the design was he could not say; the Lady was confined for that night, and they were ordered to be in readiness to travel again: But the next morning all was confusion, the Lady had escaped out of window by a very extraordinary contrivance; the Count was almost raving mad; he ordered the valet and himself to take horses, and attend him through the wood and adjacent villages, and promised a hundred crowns to the person who discovered her.

They stopped at a small house, at the end of the wood, to make inquiries. A Turk came out; it was with difficulty they understood each other. Whilst they were speaking a very beautiful woman came out, and asked, "If they were gallant Gentlemen, who would release a Lady from Turks and Infidels?"—-


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 The Count told her, he would die in her service.—The Turk compelled her to go in, and presently they heard her scream, upon which they burst into the house, gave the Turk a drubbing, the Lady ran out, the Count took her on his horse, and they rode with her to his house in the wood.

This Lady pleased him so much that he staid at home with her, only sending the others to make inquiries after the run-away Lady, and he believed might have forgot her, had he not been desirous of revenge, and fearful she would get to her friends.

He understood from the valet, that when the Lady with them found it was not love that induced the Count to seek her, she owned that the person he sought for, was in the Turk's house, and very ill; upon which it was resolved that they should break into his house, confine him and the women servants, and carry off the Lady.

Before this scheme was to be executed, they had prepared every thing for leaving


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 the house in the wood, to embark as soon as possible for Turkey, where they intended to leave the Lady in a strange country, without money or friends, to make her way as she could, and all this trouble was taken to satisfy the Count's revenge.—"He believed (he said) there was more plots intended than he was informed of, because the Count and the valet were always conferring together."

However, they all set out two nights after for Heli's, the Turk's Lady waiting at some little distance in the carriage. On breaking into the house, the two women escaped by a back door into the wood. Heli told them the Lady was taken away, but they would not believe him, and proceeded to search the house; he taking up pistols foolishly, threatened them, upon which the valet fired and wounded him; in the same moment he fired, and the Count fell, crying he was a dead man.

The valet then said both would die, and they must provide for their own escape; but


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 Rh ground that its author was "not yet sufficiently expert in expression!" For the next six years he seems not to have taken any interest in the drama; but in 1870 we find him writing to Fet:—

"There is much, very much, I want to tell you about. I have been reading a lot of Shakespear, Goethe, Púshkin, Gógol and Molière, and about all of them there is much I want to say to you."

A few days later he again wrote to the same friend:—

"You want to read me a story of cavalry life. … And I don't want to read you anything, because I am not writing anything; but I very much want to talk about Shakespear and Goethe, and the drama in general. This whole winter I am occupied only with the drama; and it happens to me as usually happens to people who, till they are forty, have not thought of a certain subject, or formed any conception of it, and then suddenly, with forty-year-old clearness, turn their attention to this new, untasted subject—it seems to them that they discern in it much that is new. All winter I have enjoyed myself lying down, drowsing, playing bézique, snow-shoeing, skating, and, most of all, lying in bed [ill] while characters from a drama or comedy have performed for me. And they perform very well. It is about that I want to talk to you. In that, as in everything, you


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 first he would have some of the Turk's riches. They opened the drawers and closets. He saw the valet take a small box, which he said belonged to the Lady, and he secured it for her. They found gold and many valuables, which they took, and then hastened to the Lady, telling her what had happened.

She seemed to be much frightened, and asked what they could do? He whispered to her, and then said, "It would be better to return to the house for that night, and dismiss the carriage."—The other thought this very strange; but presently the valet told the post-boy to bring the carriage next morning, as his master had met with a friend, and would not go on his journey that night. They entered the house, only one woman servant was there, who supposed them gone, and was surprised at their return. The valet told her the same story he had before said to the post-boy, and then proposed to the other going immediately into the city, hiring a carriage, and to bring it at the first dawning of day


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 to a place in the wood, where they would join him, make the best of their way to the water, get on board a trading vessel, and sail into Turkey.

He, frightened with apprehensions of being discovered, staid not to consider about this strange wild plan; but instantly left them, though on the road his heart misgave him that some way they intended to deceive him; but he went on, called up the people at an inn, and ordered a carriage directly to be ready, resolved to go back in it to the house.

It was some time, however, before he could execute his purpose, and the day began to appear as they drove through the wood.—He went to the appointed spot, no one was there, and he proceeded to the house. The doors were fastened, he knocked, and at length the servant came down and let him in. He asked if the Lady and Mr. Bissot were ready?—She had not seen them.—He went up stairs, knocked at the Lady's door,


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 no one answered, he opened it, and found the Lady was gone.

"He searched the other apartments, neither of them were in the house, the back door was on the latch, and he supposed they had gone that way. He directly got into the carriage, and returned into the wood, every part of it he searched; where the horses could not penetrate he alighted, and explored every recess, but all was fruitless; he wasted the whole day in examining the wood and its environs, and at length was compelled to dismiss the carriage, and return to the house.

"He now thought they had contrived to escape, and leave him to suffer; yet where they could be hid was very extraordinary.—He resolved to go the next morning to all the post-houses, and, describing their persons, find if they had, by any means, got a carriage. This he had done all that morning; and at length it came into his head to call at the Turk's, and by some pretence learn whether the Count and the master of the house were dead or not."


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 10 are a classic and understand the essence of the matter very deeply. I should like also to read Sophocles and Euripides."

The mood passed, and for another fifteen years one hears no more about it: Tolstoy being absorbed first in the production of an "ABC Book" for school-children, then with "Anna Karénina," then with his "Confession" and religious studies, as well as with field-work, hut-building, and bootmaking.

Early in 1886, noting the wretched character of the plays given in the booths at the Carnival shows on the Maidens' Field just outside Moscow, not far from his own house, and feeling how wrong it was that the dramatic food of the people should consist of the crudest melodramas, he was moved to turn into a play a small Temperance story he had written. This piece, called The First Distiller, is of no great importance in itself, but was the precursor of the splendid dramas he soon afterwards produced.

The following summer, while out ploughing, he hurts his leg, neglects it, and gets erysipelas, which almost leads to blood-poisoning. His life is in imminent danger, he has to undergo a painful operation, is laid up for weeks, and while ill writes most of The Power of Darkness, an immensely powerful play which serves as a touch-