text:
Page:Bury J B The Cambridge Medieval History Vol 1 1911.djvu/641

Rh published between 476 and 484, decided the controversy in the sense that the contract was a peculiar one, standing, as it were, between a sale and a lease (C. Just. . 66, ). The meaning of such a doctrine was, of course, that in many cases rights arose under cover of dominium (Roman absolute property), which amounted in themselves to a new hereditary possession, and arising from the labour and capital sunk by the subordinate possessor into the cultivation of the estate, and leaving a very small margin for the claims of the proprietor. Such hybrid legal relations do not come into being without strong economic reasons, and these reasons are disclosed by the history of the tenure in question. Its antecedents go far back into earlier epochs, although the complete institution was matured only towards the end of the fifth century. One of the roots of emphyteusis we have already noticed in the occupation of waste land by squatters or cultivators dwelling on adjoining plots. In the fourth and fifth centuries the emperors not only allow such occupation, but make it a duty for possessors of estates in a proper state of cultivation to take over waste plots. This is the basis of the so-called epibole (impokij), of the “imposition of desert to fertile land," an institution which arose at the time of Aurelian and continued to exist in the Byzantine Empire, It is worth noticing that a law of Valentinian, Theodosius, and Arcadius gives every one leave to take possession of deserted plots; should the former owner not assert his right in the course of two years and compensate the new occupier for ameliorations, his property right is deemed extinguished to the profit of the new cultivator (C. Just. . 59, 8). In this case voluntary occupation is still the occasion of the change of ownership, but several other laws make the taking over of waste land compulsory. An indirect but important consequence of the same view may be found in the fact that the right of possessors of estates to alienate portions of the same was curtailed : they were not allowed to sell land under profitable cultivation without at the same time disposing of the barren and less profitable parts of the estate; the Government took care that the “nerves” of a prosperous exploitation should not be cut.

A second line of development was presented by leases made with the intention of ameliorating the culture of certain plots. The practice of such leases may be followed back into great antiquity, especially in provinces with Greek or Hellenised population; and it is on such estates that the terms ^vrevciv, emphyteusis first appear in a technical sense. A good example is presented by the tables discovered on the site of Heraclea in the gulf of Tarentum, where land belonging to the temple of Dionysos was leased to hereditary tenants about 400 on the condition of the construction of farm buildings and the plantation of olives and vines. Emphyteutic leases of the same kind, varying in


text:
Page:Treaty of Peace with Germany.djvu/151

Poland undertakes to accord freedom of transit to persons, goods, vessels, carriages, wagons and mails in transit between East Prussia and the rest of Germany over Polish territory, including territorial waters, and to treat them at least as favourably as the persons, goods, vessels, carriages, wagons and mails respectively of Polish or of any other more favoured nationality, origin, importation, starting point, or ownership as regards facilities, restrictions and all other matters.

Goods in transit shall be exempt from all customs or other similar duties.

Freedom of transit will extend to telegraphic and telephonic services under the conditions laid down by the conventions referred to in Article 98.

Poland undertakes to permit for a period of fifteen years the exportation to Germany of the products of the mines in any part of Upper Silesia transferred to Poland in accordance with the present Treaty.

Such products shall be free from all export duties or other charges or restrictions on exportation.

Poland agrees to take such steps as may be necessary to secure that any such products shall be available for sale to purchasers in Germany on terms as favourable as are applicable to like products sold under similar conditions to purchasers in Poland or in any other country.

German nationals habitually resident in territories recognised as forming part of Poland will acquire Polish nationality ipso facto and will lose their German nationality.

German nationals, hovever, or their descendants who became resident in these territories after January 1, 1908, will not acquire Polish nationality without a special authorisation from the Polish State.

Within a period of two years after the coming into force of the present Treaty, German nationals over 18 years of age habitually resident in any of the territories recognised as forming part of Poland will be entitled to opt for German nationality.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
Page:Treaty of Peace with Germany.djvu/153

 Poles who are German nationals over 18 years of age and habitually resident in Germany will have a similar right to opt for Polish nationality.

Option by a husband will cover his wife and option by parents will cover their children under 18 years of age.

Persons who have exercised the above right to opt may within the succeeding twelve months transfer their place of residence to the State for which they have opted.

They will be entitled to retain their immovable property in the territory of the other State where they had their place of residence before exercising the right to opt.

They may carry with them their movable property of every description. No export or import duties or charges may be imposed upon them in connection with the removal of such property.

Within the same period Poles who are German nationals and are in a foreign country will be entitled, in the absence of any provisions to the contrary in the foreign law, and if they have not acquired the foreign nationality, to obtain Polish nationality and to lose their German nationality by complying with the requirements laid down by the Polish State.

In the portion of Upper Silesia submitted to a plebiscite the provisions of this Article shall only come into force as from the definitive attribution of the territory.

The proportion and the nature of the financial liabilities of Germany and Prussia which are to be borne by Poland will be determined in accordance with Article 254 of Part IX (Financial Clauses) of the present Treaty.

There shall be excluded from the share of such financial liabilities assumed by Poland that portion of the debt which, according to the finding of the Reparation Commission referred to in the above-mentioned Article, arises from measures adopted by the German and Prussian Governments with a view to German colonisation in Poland.


text:
Page:Treaty of Peace with Germany.djvu/155

 In fixing under Article 256 of the present Treaty the value of the property and possessions belonging to the German Empire and to the German States which pass to Poland with the territory transferred above, the Reparation Commission shall exclude from the valuation buildings, forests and other State property which belonged to the former Kingdom of Poland; Poland shall acquire these properties free of all costs and charges.

In all the German territory transferred in accordance with the present Treaty and recognised as forming definitively part of Poland, the property, rights and interests of German nationals shall not be liquidated under Article 297 by the Polish Government except in accordance with the following provisions:

(1) The proceeds of the liquidation shall be paid direct to the owner;

(2) If on his application the Mixed Arbitral Tribunal provided for by Section VI of Part X (Economic Clauses) of the present Treaty, or an arbitrator appointed by that Tribunal, is satisfied that the conditions of the sale or measures taken by the Polish Government outside its general legislation were unfairly prejudicial to the price obtained, they shall have discretion to award to the owner equitable compensation to be paid by the Polish Government.

Further agreements will regulate all questions arising out of the cession of the above territory which are not regulated by the present Treaty.

Poland accepts and agrees to embody in a Treaty with the Principal Allied and Associated Powers such provisions as may be deemed necessary by the said Powers to protect the interests of inhabitants of Poland who differ from the majority of the population in race, language or religion.

Poland further accepts and agrees to embody in a Treaty with the said Powers such provisions as they may deem necessary to protect freedom of transit and equitable treatment of the commerce of other nations.


text:
Page:Treaty of Peace with Germany.djvu/157

  EAST PRUSSIA.

In the area between the southern frontier of East Prussia, as described in Article 28 of Part II (Boundaries of Germany) of the present Treaty, and the line described below, the inhabitants will be called upon to indicate by a vote the State to which they wish to belong:

The western and northern boundary of Regierungsbezirk Allenstein to its junction with the boundary between the Kreise of Oletsko and Angerburg; thence, the northern boundary of the Kreise of Oletsko to its junction with the old frontier of East Prussia.

The German troops and authorities will be withdrawn from the area defined above within a period not exceeding fifteen days after the coming into force of the present Treaty. Until the evacuation is completed they will abstain from all requisitions in money or in kind and from all measures injurious to the economic interests of the country.

On the expiration of the above-mentioned period the said area will be placed under the authority of an International Commission of five members appointed by the Principal Allied and Associated Powers. This Commission will have general powers of administration and, in particular, will be charged with the duty of arranging for the vote and of taking such measures as it may deem necessary to ensure its freedom, fairness and secrecy. The Commission will have all necessary authority to decide any questions to which the execution of these provisions may give rise. The Commission will make such arrangements as may be necessary for assistance in the exercise of its functions by officials chosen by itself from the local population. Its decisions will be taken by a majority.

Every person, irrespective of sex, will be entitled to vote who:

(a) Is 20 years of age at the date of the coming into force of the present Treaty, and


text:
Page:Treaty of Peace with Germany.djvu/159

 (b) Was born within the area where the vote will take place or has been habitually resident there from a date to be fixed by the Commission.

Every person will vote in the commune where he is habitually resident or, if not habitually resident in the area, in the commune where he was born.

The result of the vote will be determined by communes (Gemeinde) according to the majority of the votes in each commune.

On the conclusion of the voting the number of votes cast in each commune will be communicated by the Commission to the Principal Allied and Associated Powers, with a full report as to the taking of the vote and a recommendation as to the line which ought to be adopted as the boundary of East Prussia in this region. In this recommendation regard will be paid to the wishes of the inhabitaints as shown by the vote and to the geographical and economic conditions of the locality. The Principal Allied and Associated Powers will then fix the frontier between East Prussia and Poland in this region.

If the line fixed by the Principal Allied and Associated Powers is such as to exclude from East Prussia any part of the territory defined in Article 94, the renunciation of its rights by Germany in favour of Poland, as provided in Article 87 above, will extend to the territories so excluded.

As soon as the line has been fixed by the Principal Allied and Associated Powers, the authorities administering East Prussia will be notified by the International Commission that they are free to take over the administration of the territory to the north of the line so fixed, which they shall proceed to do within one month of such notification and in the manner prescribed by the Commission. Within the same period and as prescribed by the Conunission, the Polish Government must proceed to take over the administration of the territory to the south of the line. When the administration of the territory by the East Prussian and Polish authorities respectively has been provided for, the powers of the Commission will terminate.

Expenditure by the Commission, whether in the discharge of its own functions or in the administration of the territory, will be borne by the local revenues. East Prussia will be required to bear such proportion of any deficit as may be fixed by the Principal Allied and Associated Powers.


text: Page:Bury J B The Cambridge Medieval History Vol 1 1911.djvu/668


text:
Page:Diary of a Pilgrimage (1891).pdf/101

 how she does talk! She talks without movement, without expression; her voice never varies, it flows on, and on, and on, like a great resistless river. Four young artisans come clamping along in their hob-nailed boots, and seating themselves at one of the rude wooden tables, call for beer. With their arms round the waist of the utterly indifferent Fraulein, they shout and laugh and sing. Nearly all the young folks here are laughing—looking forward to life. All the old folks are talking, remembering it.

What grand pictures some of these old, seared faces round us would make, if a man could only paint them—paint all that is in them, all the tragedy and comedy that the great playright, Life, has written upon the withered skins! Joys and sorrows, sordid hopes and fears, child-like strivings to be good, mean selfishness and grand unselfishness, have helped to fashion these old wrinkled faces. The curves of cunning and kindliness lurk round these fading eyes. The lines of greed hover about these bloodless lips, that have so often been tight-pressed in patient heroism.


text: Page:Bury J B The Cambridge Medieval History Vol 1 1911.djvu/667


text:
Page:The Smart Set (Volume 29).djvu/645

 HE coroner said that it must have been the shock; that he had been fished out before he had time to drown. Besides, they found no water in his lungs.

No, he did not drown. And when the sun is high and shadows are short, I know that the coroner must be right; he died of the shock. But sometimes in the eerie gray of the early morning when I awake thinking about it, I wonder if, perhaps, it really could have been—something else.

I first saw him in the back room of a little West Side saloon. I had been over in Jersey, and stopped in on my way from the Christopher Street ferry to get a bite to eat. He was sitting in a corner, with his elbows on the table, staring vacantly at the half-emptied glass in front of him.

“Peach of a sunset tonight,” I remarked cheerfully to the bartender who brought my beer and sandwich.

“Sure thing. The streets run due west here, and we get ’em good. If half of these guys who waste their sleep gettin’ up to see sunrises—”

Crash!

The man in the corner had knocked his glass on the floor.

“I—I'm sorry,” he stammered confusedly. “Yes, bring me another.

“Ugh!” he shuddered when the bartender had gone. “I hate sunrises!”

The terror in his voice was unmistakable. I looked at him in astonishment. He was tall and emaciated. His features were regular, but his white face was drawn and heavily lined, and his dull, brown eyes had a wild expression—no, not that, rather an expression of hopeless fear.

“Won’t you have your things brought over here?” he invited diffidently. “I—er—I should be very glad of company.” He was almost handsome when he smiled. I fear I had been staring at him.

How he came to bare his very soul before me, a man he had never seen before, I do not know. I remember that at times he seemed to be talking less to me than out of himself. That I was there was incidental.

I will not attempt to describe his anguish, his shrinking fear, his utter despair. I will merely set down his story as I have so often heard it in my dreams since then; as I have heard it when I awaken in the early morning, when the sun is low and the shadows are long. Here it is:

The first time was down in the Blue Ridge Mountains. It was a house party. The girl I loved was there. Tom—the other man—was there. Early one morning we were awakened by our host pounding on the doors.“Get down as quickly as you can—the house is on fire,” he told us with intense calm. The servants were working with buckets and a garden hose, trying to keep the fire from the stairs. We gathered on the lawn, a motley group, chattering with nervous cheerfulness.

“Good God!” the other man suddenly gasped. “Where’s Belle?” He had discovered that she was missing. We rushed back into the house. The stairs had caught. Some of the servants came with a ladder and placed it against her window. I was up it like 101

title: Page:The Smart Set (Volume 29).djvu/645


text:
Page:Bury J B The Cambridge Medieval History Vol 1 1911.djvu/669

Rh naturally to the thought of Atonement through the death of Christ, and Atonement involves the theory of the Church and its sacraments, whereby the benefits of the Atonement are secured. On all these topics our period throws fresh light.

Two of the main aspects under which the earliest Christian writers regarded the Atonement were those of a sacrifice to God and of a ransom from evil. They did not specify to whom the price was paid. The third century had tried to remedy their indefiniteness by the unfortunate addition of the words “to Satan," and the proposition thus enlarged held its own for nearly 1000 years until it was discredited by Anselm. The notion that the arch-enemy had overreached himself, and, while receiving the ransom, found no advantage in it (inasmuch as Christ’s death saved more souls than His life), appealed to the mind of the age, and Gregory of Nyssa’s grotesque image of the devil caught by the hook of the Deity, baited with the Humanity, was taken up and repeated with applause. But not by all. The “harrowing off Hell,” in the form current in the fourth century, describes deliverance of souls by the triumphant Christ without a word of ransom. Gregory of Nazianzus rejects with scorn the notion of ransom paid to Satan or to God; the views of Athanasius and Augustine are entirely free from bad taste and extravagance. They start from the thought of God’s goodness and justice. Goodness required that man should be delivered from the bondage of misery; justice required something more than mere repentance in order to effect that deliverance, nothing less than the offering up of the human nature which contained the sinful principle. This was achieved by Him who assumed human nature and represented man. Thus far Athanasius. Augustine, who is equally insistent on the fact of the sacrifice of Christ, goes deeper than Athanasius into the reason for the particular form that it took and the effects that it wrought. He shares Athanasius’ admiration of the divine goodness exhibited in the long-suffering of God and the voluntary humility of the God-man; he is even more jealous for the divine justice. It was just that Satan who had acquired right over the race should be satisfied in respect of his claims. But Satan took more than his due, slaying the innocent. It was therefore just that he should be forced to relinquish the sinners in behalf of whom the sinless suffered.

The controversy concerning Free Will and Grace also affected the idea of the Church and sacraments. Until the rise of Pelagianism a very wide scope was allowed here to Free Will. The Grace conveyed by the sacraments, which were not to be had outside the Church, was considered


text: Page:Bury J B The Cambridge Medieval History Vol 1 1911.djvu/692


text:
Page:Bury J B The Cambridge Medieval History Vol 1 1911.djvu/693

Rh discovered shew a division of the interior into three or five aisles with three entrance doors in the façade. A description of the synagogue at Alexandria calls it a basilica, and speaks of its colonnades; it probably had an apse as well.

The earliest special places of assembly were the holy sites and the burial chapels of the martyrs. The subterranean chapels in the catacombs, already mentioned, belong to this class. Probably the 'first specifically Christian buildings were Martyria—tomb chambers, usually round, which were practically memorial churches. During the course of the third century a large number of churches were built in Syria, Asia Minor, Armenia, and North Africa. An ancient church at Edessa is said on good authority to have existed before 201 ; but Edessa was then a Christian city. A document of 308 mentions “the house where the Christians assemble,” together with its library and triclinium, at Cirta in North Africa. And another document of 305 says that, as the “basilicas” had not been repaired, the bishops met in a private house. An episcopal election, however, was held in area martyrum in ''casa majore. ''

An inscription from the tomb of Bishop Eugenius of Laodicea Combusta has lately been published. He held the see immediately after the cessation of Diocletian’s persecution and speaks of rebuilding the whole of his church from its foundations, together with the colonnaded court which surrounded it. Eusebius speaks of such rebuilding as general, but says that the new churches were larger and more splendid than those that had been destroyed. Of the churches built after the imperial adoption of Christianity only a few of the most famous can be mentioned here. In and near Jerusalem three churches were built in association with the sacred sites of the Holy Sepulchre, the Nativity, and the Ascension. All three are mentioned in 333 as basilicas by a pilgrim from Bordeaux. At the Holy Sepulchre there was a memorial above the tomb called the Anastasis; and a basilica called the Great Church, or Martyrium, both included in a precinct called New Jerusalem. According to Eusebius Constantine first adorned the sacred cave, the chief point of the whole, with choice columns and other works. The Great Church rose high within a large court surrounded by porticoes. It was lined within with marble, the ceiling was carved and gilt woodwork, the roof was covered with lead. The body of the church was divided by rows of columns into five aisles. It was entered from the east by three doors; and opposite to these, continues Eusebius, was the Hemisphere, the crown of the whole work, containing twelve columns bearing bowls of silver (probably lamps). This “Hemisphere” would seem to be the dome-building over the tomb, which first was spoken of as the chief point of the whole. That the anastasis and basilica were separate buildings is made clear by the account of Etheria (formerly known as St Sylvia) who, about 380, described the sacred sites. The churches at Bethlehem and the Mount of Olives were, says Eusebius, built over


text:
Page:The plastic age, (IA plasticage00mark).pdf/267

Rh back, at the same time starting down the steps.

She had a little scarlet hat pulled down over her
 * urly brown hair, and she wore a simple blue travel¬

ing-suit that set off her slender figure perfectly. Her eyes seemed bigger and browner than ever, her nose more impudently tilted, her mouth more su¬ premely irresistible. Her cheeks were daintly rouged, her eyebrows plucked into a thin arch. She vas New York from her small pumps to the ex3ensively simple scarlet hat.

Hugh dashed several people aside and grabbed ler hand, squeezing it unmercifully.

“Oh, gee, Cynthia, I’m glad to see you. I
 * hought the darn train was never going to get

lere. How are you? Gee, you’re looking great, vonderful. Where’s your suit-case?” He fairly stuttered in his excitement, his words toppling over
 * ach other.

“I’m full of pep. You look wonderful. There’s ny suit-case, the big black one. Give the porter wo bits or something. I have n’t any change.” Hugh tipped the porter, picked up the suit-case vith one hand, and took Cynthia by the arm with he other, carefully piloting her through the noisy, iurging crowd of boys and girls, all of them talking it top speed and in high, excited voices. Once Hugh and Cynthia were off the platform h<?y could talk without shouting.

“We’ve got to walk up the hill,” Hugh explained


text:
Page:The plastic age, (IA plasticage00mark).pdf/278

256 words at once. His blood raced, and he staggered so crazily that Cynthia had to hold him by the arm.

“Sure—sure; I ’ll—I ’ll ta-take you some-somewhere. I—I, too, Cyntheea.”

They walked unevenly out of the gymnasium, down the steps, and through the crowd of smokers standing outside. Hardly aware of what he was doing, Hugh led Cynthia to Keller Hall, which was not more than fifty yards distant.

He took a flask out of his pocket. “Jush one more drink,” he said thickly and emptied the bottle. Then, holding Cynthia desperately by the arm, he opened the door of Keller Hall and stumbled with her up the stairs to Norry Parker’s room. For¬ tunately the hallways were deserted, and no one saw them. The door was unlocked, and Hugh, after searching blindly for the switch, finally clicked on the lights and mechanically closed the door be¬ hind him.

He was very dizzy. He wanted another drink— and he wanted Cynthia. He put his arms around her and pulled her drunkenly to him. The door of one of the bedrooms opened, and Norry Parker stood watching them. He had spent the evening at the home of a musical professor and had re¬ turned to his room only a few minutes before. His face went white when he saw the embracing couple.

“Hugh !” he said sharply.

Hugh and Cynthia, still clinging to each other,


text:
Page:Works of Voltaire Volume 03.djvu/263

Rh natural visage; so that this people seemed composed of spectres. Upon the arrival of strangers in this country they immediately purchase these visages in the same manner as people elsewhere furnish themselves with hats and shoes. Amazan despised a fashion so contrary to nature. He appeared just as he was.

Many ladies were introduced and interested themselves in the handsome Amazan. But he fled with the utmost precipitancy, uttering the name of the incomparable princess of Babylon and swearing by the immortal gods that she was far handsomer than the Venetian girls.

"Sublime traitoress," he cried in his transports, "I will teach you to be faithful!"

Now the yellow surges of the Tiber, pestiferous fens, a few pale, emaciated inhabitants clothed in tatters which displayed their dry, tanned hides, appeared to his sight and bespoke his arrival at the gate of the city of the Seven Mountains that city of heroes and legislators who conquered and polished a great part of the globe.

He expected to have seen at the triumphal gate five hundred battalions commanded by heroes, and in the senate an assembly of demi-gods giving laws to the earth. But the only army he found consisted of about thirty tatterdemalions mounting guard with umbrellas for fear of the sun. Having arrived at a temple which appeared to him very fine, but not so


text:
Page:Bury J B The Cambridge Medieval History Vol 1 1911.djvu/714

[A more complete critical bibliography will be found in N. H. Baynes* forthcoming translation of Ammianus Maroellinus.]

(a) Contemporary

Ammianus Maroellinus : Rerum gestarum libri qui supersunt. Recens. rhyth- mioeque distinxit Carolus U. Clark adjuvantibus L. Traube et G. Heraeo* Vol. i (all pubd.). Libri xiv-xxv. Berlin. 1910.

[N. H. Baynes’ translation (with historical notes and bibliography) of Ammianus Maroellinus awaits the appearance of the second volume of this text.]

For Gardthausen and Wagner’s editions see Bibl. to cc. i, ii, and v. Aurelius Victor : Sexti Aurelii Victoris de Caesaribus Liber. Ed. F. Pichlmayr.

Programm des Ludwigs Gymnasiums in Miinchen. 1892.

Basil : see Bibl. to cc. i, ii, and v, esp. his yos rpds rods tdout torus 'EWijwucww

uxf>eotrro yww.

Bickell, G. Ephraem Syrus. ZKT. n, 2. 1878. pp. 335 sqq.

Codex Theodosianus : see Bibl. to cc. i, ii, and v.

Ephraem Syrus : Carolina Nisibena : additis prolegomenis etc. primus edidit vertit explicavit Gustavus Bickell. Leipsio. 1866.

Eunapius : Vitas Sophistarum et Fragmenta Historiarum recens. notisque illus- travit Jo. Fr. Boissonnade, accedit annotatio Dan. Wyttenbaohii. 2 vols. Amsterdam. 1822. *

For the fragments also: FHG, ed. C. Mtiller iv (1868) 7 ff. and L. Dindorf : Hist. Grace. Min. i (1870) 205 ff.

Eutropius. Eutropii Breviarium ab urbe condi ta reoogn. Franciscus Ruhl.

Leipsio. 1906. Ed. H. Droysen. MGH. 1879.

Gregory of Nazianzus. See Bibl. to cc. i, ix, and v (esp. the orations agt. Julian). Julian. Opera : ed. Hertlein, F. C. Leipsio. 1875. For the writings against the Christians, Neumann, C. J., in Scriptorum Graecorum qui Christianam im- pugnaverunt religionem quae supersunt, Fasc. hi, Leipsio, 1880 ; and for the newly found correspondence see Largajolli e Parisio infrd p. 633 or Rheinisches Museum. Frankfurt-a.-M. 1827 ff. See Bibl. to cc. i, ii, and v.

Libanius. Opera rec. R. Forster. Orationes. Vols. i-iv. Leipsio. 19G3-&.

Epistolae. Ed. J. C. Wolf. Amsterdam. 1738.

Panegyrici Latini. Ed. B&hrens. Leipsic. 1874.

Themistius. Ed. Dindorf. Leipsic. 1832.

630


text:
Page:Bury J B The Cambridge Medieval History Vol 1 1911.djvu/713

Rh

Seeck, O. Urkundensf&lschungen des 4“ Jahrhunderts. ZKG, June, 1909 (Bd xxx, p. 181) (reply to antagonists).

Zur Gesohiohte des Nio&nisohen Konzils. ZKG, 1897, pp. 1 and 319. (V ery

hypercritical.)

Sievers, G. R. Leben des Ubanius. Berlin. 1888.

Stanley, Dean A. P. The Eastern Church. 4th edn. London. 1869. (Best account of the externals of the Nioene Council.)

Uhlhorn, G. Die Christliohe Liebesthatigkeit in der alten Kirche. Transl. S. Taylor. Edinburgh. 1883.

Ullmann, C. Gregor von Nazianz. Gotha. 1825, 1867. Transl. Cox, G. V. London. 1851.

Vdlter, Daniel. Der Ursprung des Donatismus. Tubingen. 1883.

Weiss, H. Die drei grossen Cappadocier. Braunsberg. 1872.

Wilmart, Dom Andr6, on Hilary. RB6n. 1907.

Zahn, Theodor. Constantin der Grosse und die Kirche. Hanover. 1876. Marcellus von Ancyra. Gotha. 1867.

CHS. I, II, v.


text:
Page:Bury J B The Cambridge Medieval History Vol 1 1911.djvu/744

656

Ldning, Ed g. Geschichte des deutsohen Kirohenrechts. Vol. i. Strassburg. 1878. pp. 500-48.

Monod, G. Bibl. de l’histoire de France. Paris. 1888.

Pflugk-Harttung, J. von. Zur Thronfolge in den germanischen Stammesstaaten :

Zeitschrift der Savignystif tung fOr Rechtsgeschiehte. xi, 1. 1890. pp. 186-7. Roger, M. L’enseignement des lettres classiques d’Ausone & Alouin. Paris. 1905. pp. 48-88.

Schmidt, Ludwig. Allgemeine Gesohichte der germanischen V&lker. Munich. 1909. Vol. i. pp. 120-30.

Geschichte der deutsohen St&mme bis zum Ausgange der Vdlkerwanderong.

Berlin. 1910. Vol. i. pp. 233-304.

Werminghoff, A. Geschichte der Kirchenverfassung Deutschlands im Mittelalter. Vol. l. Hanover. 1905. pp. 40-4.

Wietersheim, E. von. Gesohichte der Vdlkerwanderong. Vol. n. 2nd edn.

by Dahn, F. Leipsic. 1881. pp. 169-320.

Yver t G. Euric roi des Wisigoths: fitudes d’histoire du moyen Age dddides A G. Monod. Paris. 1896. pp. 11-46.

Zeumer, K. Geschichte der Westgothisohen Gesetzgebung : NAGDG. xxm. 1898. pp. 410-516. xxiv. 1899. pp. 39-122.


text:
Page:Bury J B The Cambridge Medieval History Vol 1 1911.djvu/722

For de Broglie, Bury, Dill, Duruy {Hist. rom.) t Gibbon, Glover, Gregorovius, Harnack (D. (?.), Hodgkin ( Italy and Inv.) 9 Leoky, Seeok ( Untergang ), Le N&in de Tillemont, see Gen. Bibl.

Ambrose, Bishop of Milan, Opera Omnia. 8 vols. Venice. 1781. English translation. Select works and letters. Oxford. 1896.

Ammiamis Marcellinus. See Gen. Bibl.

Apuleius Madaurensis. Opera Omnia ex optimis codicibus edidit. . . Hildebrand, G. F. Leipsic. 1843. Thomas, P. Leipsic. 1908. Transl. The Metamor- phoses of Apuleius, Head, Sir G. London. 1851. The Golden Ass, Adlington, W. London. 1566 and 1904. (Chiswick Library.) Butler, H. E. 2 vols. Oxford. 1910.

ArnobiusAfer. Ad versus nationes ; libri septem. CSEL. 1866. Transl. in Clark’s
 * Ante-Nicene Library. Edinburgh. 1871.

Augustinus Aurelius. De Civitate Dei. Ed. Dombart, 1st and 3rd edn. 1877-92. Transl. in Dent's Temple Classics. Also by Dods, E. M. Edinburgh. 1871-6. And other edns.

The Confessions of Augustine. A critical edition by Gibb, J. and Mont- gomery, W. Cambridge. 1908. Transl. in Dent's Everyman's Library.

Epistolae. The 2nd vol. of Opera Omnia. Bassano. 1797.

Works also in CSEL. 1891-1900. MPL 32-46.

Ausonius, Decimus Magnus. Opera. MPL 19. PariB. 1844.

Cassiodorus Senator. Variae. . .recensuit Mommsen, T. In MGH, auot. ant. Vol. xn.

The letters of Cassiodorus. . .with an introduction by Hodgkin, T. London.

1886.

Chronicon Paschal e. CSHB. 1832. Cf. JTS, April, 1906.

Claudianus. Carmina. Ed. Birt, T. MGH. 1892. Koch, J. Leipsic. 1893. Ludwich, A. Leipsic. 1897.

Opera. Ed. Doullay. Paris. 1845. English transl. Hawkins, A. London. 1817.

Cyrilli, Alexandriae Episcopi, pro sancta Christianorum religione, adversus libros Athei Juliani. Ed. Berbosio, N. and Aubertus, J. Leipsic. 1696.


text: Page:Bury J B The Cambridge Medieval History Vol 1 1911.djvu/720


text: Page:Bury J B The Cambridge Medieval History Vol 1 1911.djvu/719


text:
Page:Bury J B The Cambridge Medieval History Vol 1 1911.djvu/721

Rh Nostitz-Rieneck, R. Vom Tode des Kaisers Julian. Berichte und Erzahlungen. Ein Beitrag zur Legendenforschung. xvi Jahresbericht des off. Privatgymnasiums an der Stella matutina zu Feldkirch. 1907.

Reinhardt, Q. Der Tod des Kaisers Julian, nach den Quellen dargestellt. Kothen, 1891.

Der Perserkrieg des Kaisers Julian, in x Jahresbericht des herzoglichen Friedrichs Realgymnasiums und der Vorschule des Fridericianum ffir das Schuljahr 1891-2. Dessau. 1892.

Saohau, E. Am Euphrat und Tigris: Reisenotizen aus dem Winter 1897-8. Leipsic. 1900.

Sudhaus, H. De Rations quae intercedat inter Zosimi et Ammiani de Bello a Juliano imperatore cum Persis gesto Relationes. Dissertatio historioa. Bonn. 1870. pp. 102.

MONOGRAPHS ON VARIOUS SPECIAL POINTS

Baynes, N. H. Rome and Armenia in the Fourth Century. EHR. xxv. (1910.) pp. 625-43.

Bury, J. B. The date of the Battle of Singara. Byzantinische Zeitschrift. Vol. v. p. 302.

Campbell, Sir J. M. Julian and Jerusalem. Scottish Review. Vol. xxv. pp. 291-306.

Ferrero, Ermanno. (a) I Titoli di Vittoria dei Figli di Costantino. Atti della reale Accademia delle Scienze di Torino. Vol. xxxm. 1897. pp. 59-63.

( b ) Ancora dei Figili di Costantino. Ibid. Vol. xxxiv. 1899. pp. 131-6.

(c) Mogli e figli di Costantino. Ibid. Vol. xxxm. 1898. pp. 376-88. Gfiterbock, Karl. Romisch-Armenien und die rfimische Satrapieen im vierten bis

seohsten Jahrhundert ; eine rechtsgesehichtliche Studie in Festgabe der iuristisohen Fakult&t zu Kdnigsberg ffir ihren Senior Johann Theodor Sohir- merzum 1 August 1900. pp. 1-68.

Seeek, O. Die gallisohen Stenem bei Ammian. Rheinisohes Museum. N. F. xlix (1894). pp. 630-2.

Zu den Festmfinzen Constantins. Zeitschrift f fir Numismatik. xxi. 1898.

pp. 17-65.

ch. in,


text:
Page:The North American Review Volume 145.djvu/530

518 hand to unveil the mystery of the infinite unknown. “Bob,” with his increasing knowledge, might have become the ancestor of some future dog who should in some way communicate to us the secrets of the lower animal world.

These comparisons of the amount of knowledge possessed by certain lower animals and certain classes of men might be multiplied indefinitely. I have numerous authentic animal instances illustrating the advanced intelligence of dogs, cats, birds, and species in general; and there are books filled with them. Having shown that any lower animal having knowledge not possessed by certain classes of men is more learned in that respect, the question naturally arises as to the extent of the intelligence of lower animals.

We must concede in the light of modern times that the term “instinct” is no more applicable to the lower animal than to man, since it implies action without the aid of reason. Any training a lower animal acquires, or any knowledge or experience, is just as much learning in his case as it is the man who has to be similarly trained or experienced. The turkey and some other animals which have become domesticated, according to Judge John D. Caton, revert to their wild state when set free. Arctic explorers and sailors when deprived of food and the conveniences of civilization often revert to aboriginal cannibalism and the lowest forms of existence; and, beyond a doubt, if they continued to be deprived of such conveniences their descendants would be as wild, dirty, savage, and ignorant as an African Pigmy. These facts show simply that instinct is as dominant in the human race as among the lowest animals, and manifests itself under like circumstances.

The opposite must then be true in part, that the knowledge which is above and relieved from instinct is partially as dominant in the lower animal as in man. Dr. Thomas Brian Gunning, whose scientific discoveries, I believe, have given him alone among Americans a fellowship in the Royal Society of Surgeons of Great Britain, once owned one of the most learned cats known. In selecting instances of this kind I prefer to relate only those which can be verified by any one, from the lips of men whose honesty and standing cannot be questioned. “Black”


text:
Page:Bury J B The Cambridge Medieval History Vol 1 1911.djvu/738

Ambrosii Opera. MPL, 15, 16. See Gen. Bibl. Ballerini. 5 vols. Milan. 1875 ff. Ammiani Maroellini rerum gestarum libri. Ed. Gardthausen. Leipsio. 1874, and see Bibl. to cc. l, n, and v.

Aurelii Prudentii dementis c&rmina. Reo. Dressel, A. Leipsic. 1860. Aurelius Victor. Ed. Schroter, F. Leipsic. 1820-31.

Bedae presbyteri chronioon. MGH. Ed. Mommsen. Chron. minora ii, 223.

MPL. Plummer, C. Oxford. 2 vols. 1896.

Cassiodori chronioon. Ed. Mommsen. Chron. minora n, 109.

Cl. Marii Victoria oratoris Massiliensis Alethia. i Ed. Schenkl, C. C8EL. 1888. Claudii Claud iani oarmina. Ed. Birt, Th. Berlin. 1892. MGH. Reo. J. Koch. Leipsio. 1893.

Codex Theodoaianus. Ed. Mommsen, and Meyer. See Gen. Bibl.

Consularia Constantinopolitana. Ed. Mommsen. Chron. minora i, 196.

Eunapii fragments. In M tiller, FHG. See Gen. Bibl. Tom. iv.

Gregorii Turonensis Histor. Francorum. Ed. Arndt, W. Hanover. 1884.

MGH. Ed. Omont, C. 2 vols. Paris. 1886-93 (Collection des Textes). Hydatii chronioon. Ed. Mommsen. Chron. minora n, 1.

Isidori Historia Gothorum Wandalorum et Sueborum. Ed. Mommsen. Chron. minora n, 241.

Isidori iunioris Hispalensis chronioon. Ed. Mommsen. Chron. minora n, 391. Jordanis Getioa. Ed. Mommsen. MGH. 1882.

Le po&me d’Orientius par Ballanger, L. Paris. 1903.

Libanii orationes. Ed. Reiske. Altenburg. 1791-7. Opera. Reo. Fdrster, R. Vol. i-iv. Leipsio. 1903-8.

Maroellini Comitis chronioon. Ed. Mommsen. Chron. minora n, 37.

Pacati panegyric us Theodosio Augusto dictus. Ed. B&hrens, Panegyrici ve teres. Leipsic. 1874, p. 217.

Pauli Orosii historiarum adv. p&ganos libri vii. Ex reoogn. Zangemeister, C. Leipsio. 1889.

Philostorgius. Ed. Gottfried, J. 1643. MPG 65.

Prosper! Aquitani chronioon. Ed. Mommsen, Th. Chron. minora i, 341.

Q. Aurelii Symmachi quae supersunt. Ed. Seeck, O. MGH, auct. ant. vi. Salviani presbyteri Massiliensis Opera. Ed. Halm, C. MGH, auot. ant. i. Socratis 'EiocXiifftaeTucb leropla. Ed. Hussey, R. Oxford. 1853.

Sozomeni 'EKKXrfeiaeTiKb leropla. Ed. Hussey, R. Oxford. 1860.

Sulpicii Seven Opera. Ed. Halm, C. CSEL.

Synesii Cyrenensis Opera. Ed. Krabinger. Landeshut. 1850. MPG, vol. lxvi. Themistii orationes. Ed. Dindorf. Leipsic. 1832.

Theodoreti historia eoclesiastioa. Ed. Valesius, H. Hist. eed. scriptores* Tom. in. Amsterdam. 1695.

Zosimi Historia nova. Ed. Mendelssohn, L. Leipsic. 1887.

652


text:
Page:Bury J B The Cambridge Medieval History Vol 1 1911.djvu/739

Rh II. General Modern Works

D&hn, F. Deutsche Gesohiohte i, 1. 2. Leipsic. 1883-8.

Urgesehiohte der germanischen und rom&nischen V6lker i, 147, 227, 333.

Berlin. 1881.

Gibbon. Decline and Fall. See Gen. Bibl.

Gulden penning, A. Geschiohte des ostromischen Reicha unter den Kaisem Arcadius und Theodosius II. Halle. 1885.

Le Nain de Tillemont. Mdmoires. See Gen. Bibl.

Ranke, L. von. Weltgeschichte iv, 1, 155-262. See Gen. Bibl.

Richter, H. Das westromische Reich besonders unter den Kaisem Gratianus, Valentinianus II und Maximus. Berlin. 1865.

Schmidt, Ludw. Geschiohte der deutschen Stamme bis zum Ausgang der Vdlker- wanderung i, 2, 114-123, 164-223. Berlin. 1905.

Geschiohte der Wandalen. Leipsic. 1901, pp. 17-28.

Wietersheim, E. von. Geschiohte der Vdlkerwanderung. 2nd edn. by Dahn, F. • n, 35-169. Leipsic. 1881.

III. Monographs and Special Treatises

Eioken, H. v. Der Kampf der Westgothen und Romer unter Alarich. Leipsic. 1876.

Giildenpenning, A. and Ifland, J. Der Kaiser Theodosius der Grosse. Halle. 1878. Kaufmann, G. Forschungen zur deutschen Geschiohte xn, 413. Philologus xxxi, 473.

Kaul, L. Abwanderung und Verteilung der Alamannen. Beitr. zur Gesch. der Vdlkerwanderung. Augsburg. 1907.

Keller, R. Stilioho oder die Geschichte des westromischen Reichs von 395-408. Berlin. 1884.

Lamprecht, K. Frankische Ansiedelungen und Wanderungen im Rheinland.

Westdeutsche Zeitschr. i (1882), p. 123.

Mommsen, Th. Hm. 24, 195 ; 38, 101 (or Ges. Schriften, iv, 516).

Pallmann, R. Geschichte der Vdlkerwanderung von der Gothenbekehrung bis zum Tode Alarichs. Gotha. 1863.

Rauschen. Jahrbficher der christlichen Kirche unter Theodosius dem Grossen. Freiburg. 1897.

Runkel. Die Schlacht von Adrianopel. Berlin. 1903.

Schmidt, Ludw. Die Ursachen der Vdlkerwanderung. N. Jahrb. f. d. klass. Altert. xi (1903), p. 340.

Stephan, Chr. Kritische Untersuchungen zur Geschichte der Westgoten von 372-400. i. Siegburg. 1889. n. Cologne. 1897.

Stahelin. Der Eintritt der Germanen in die Geschichte (Festschrift fiir Th. Pluss). Basel. 1908. ( Most recent discussion of CIG 2058 — the inscription at Olbia.)

Thierry, A. Alaric, l’agonie de Tempire. Paris. 1880.

Volz, B. De Vesegothorum cum Romanis conflictionibus post mortem FI. Theo- dosii I exortis Greifswald. 1861.

Westberg, F. Zur Wanderung der Langobarden. (Akad. St Petersburg.) 1904.

«CH. ix.


text: Page:Bury J B The Cambridge Medieval History Vol 1 1911.djvu/741


text: Page:Bury J B The Cambridge Medieval History Vol 1 1911.djvu/742


text:
Page:Bury J B The Cambridge Medieval History Vol 1 1911.djvu/743

Rh In Greek

Cedrenus. CSHB. 1838-9.

Chronioon Pasohale. Dindorf, L. in CSHB. 2 vols. 1832. MPG. Ecclesiastical historians : —

Evagrius. Ed. Bidez, J. and Parmentier, L. London. 1898* Sozomen. MPG, and see Bibl. to cc. i, u, and v.

Theodoras Lector. MPG 186. See Bury-Gibbon, iv, Ap. 1.

John of Antioch. FHG iv. MPG 77.

Pagan historians : —

Candidus. PHG iv.

Malchus. PHG iv. Dindorf, L. Hist. Gr. min.

Olympiodoras. PHG iv.

Priseus. PHG iv. CSHB.

Procopius, De Bello Vandalico. CSHB. (Dindorf.) 1833-8. Muratori, i. See Bury-Gibbon, iv, Ap. 1. See Opera omnia, ed. Haury, J., in progress. Leipsic. 1906 ff.

Theophanes Confessor. Ed. de Boor. 2 vols. Leipsic. 1883-5.

Zonaras. CSHB. 1841-4 and 1896. Dindorf, L. 6 vols. 1868-75. (Teubner.) Notes by Du Cange, C.

II. MODERN WORKS

Barrtore-Flavy, C. Lesarts industrials des peuplesbarbares de laGaule. Toulouse. 1901. pp. 273-324.

Bethmann-Hollweg, M. A. von. Der germanisch-romanisohe Civilprozess im Mittelalter Vol. i. Bonn. 1868. pp. 173-98.

Brunner, H. Deutsche Rechtsgeschichte. Vol. i. 2nd edn. Leipsic. 1906. pp. 74-5, 482-9.

Bttdinger, M. Apollinaris Sidonius als Politiker: Sitzungsberichte der Wiener Akademie. xcyii. (1880.) pp. 915-54.

Bury, J. B. Later Roman Empire. Vols. i, n (passim). See Gen. Bibl.

Dahn, P. Die Kdnige der Germanen. Vol. v. Wiirzburg. 1870. vi. 2nd edn. Leipsic. 1885.

Urgeschichte der germanischen und romanischenVolker. Vol. i. 2nd edn.

Berlin. 1899. pp. 347-66.

Ebert, A. Allgemeine Geschichte der Literatur des Mittelalters im Abendlande.

Vol. i. 2nd edn. Leipsic. 1889. pp. 402-28.

Engel, A. and Serrure, R. Traits de numismatique du moyen &ge. Vol. i. Paris. 1891. p. 41.

Freeman, E. A. West-Goths and Burgundians ; Wallia and the settlement of Aquitaine ; Theodoric the West-Goth and Aetius : in Western Europe in the fifth century, an Aftermath. London. 1904. pp. 171-287.

Gaupp, E. T. Die germanischen Ansiedelungen und Landtheilungen. Breslau. 1884. pp. 372-414.

Halban, A. von. Das romische Recht in den germanischen Volksstaaten. Pt 1. Breslau. 1899. pp. 151-237.

Hodgkin, T. Italy and her Invaders. Vols. i, n, hi. See Gen. Bibl. Kaufmann, G. Uber die Hunnenschlaoht des Jahres 451: Forschung6n zur deutschen Geschichte, vm. 1868. pp. 115-46.

Uber das FSderatverhaltniss des tolosanischen Reiches zu Rom : ibid. vi.

1866. pp. 435-76.

CH. X(A).


text:
Page:The Idle Thoughts of an Idle Fellow, a Book for an Idle Holiday - Jerome (1886).djvu/29

 knock the furniture about; but if the misfortune comes at 10, we read poetry, or sit in the dark, and think what a hollow world this is.

But, as a rule, it is not trouble that makes us melancholy. The actuality is too stern a thing for sentiment. We linger to weep over a picture, but from the original we should quickly turn our eyes away. There is no pathos in real misery: no luxury in real grief. We do not toy with sharp swords, nor hug a gnawing fox to our breasts for choice. When a man or woman loves to brood over a sorrow, and takes care to keep it green in their memory, you may be sure it is no longer a pain to them. However they may have suffered from it at first, the recollection has become by then a pleasure. Many dear old ladies, who daily look at tiny shoes, lying in lavender-scented drawers, and weep as they think of the tiny feet whose toddling march is done; and sweet-faced young ones, who place each night beneath their pillow some lock that once curled on a boyish head that the salt waves have kissed to death, will call me a nasty cynical brute, and say I'm talking nonsense; but I believe, nevertheless, that if they will ask themselves truthfully whether they find it unpleasant to dwell thus on their sorrow, they will be compelled to answer "No." Tears are as sweet as laughter to some natures. The proverbial Englishman, we know from old chronicler Froissart, takes his pleasures sadly, and the Englishwoman


text:
Page:Bury J B The Cambridge Medieval History Vol 1 1911.djvu/758

670

The date and authorship of the Historia BriUonum have long been matter of dispute. Sc hoe II and La Borderie (1851 and 1883) held the view that the work was written in the first quarter of the ninth century a.d., discrediting the alleged authorship of Nennius. Zimmer (1803), Duchesne (1804) and Thumeysen (1805) all claim for Nennius some share in the compilation of the book, which they date between 700 and 830. There is no doubt that it is a highly composite work. Zimmer and Thumeysen agree in dating the composition of the nucleus of the Hidoria BriUonum in 670. The sections with which we are concerned are §§ 31-40 and §§ 56-66. The greater part of the latter appears to be derived from an English genealogical document connected with the genealogies which appear in several early MSS. e.g. Cott. Vesp. B 6 (published in Sweet's Oldest English Texts, pp. 167-71), C.C.C.C. 183 and the Textus Roffensis, to which some notices of Welsh origin have also been added. There is some reason for believing that §( 31-40 likewise are partly of English origin (cf. Chadwick, Origin of the English Nation, pp. 38 ff. and 345).

The Saxon Chronicle down to the year 802 is preserved in two recensions, one of which is represented by texts A, B, C, the other by texts D, E, F, for which see Plummer’s introduction. The latter or northern recension contains many additions derived chiefly from Bede's Ecclesiastical History and from some lost Northumbrian annals, which can be traced also in Simeon of Durham and Roger of Howden. The lost archetype from which all the texts are descended down to 892 was perhaps itself extended from an earlier chronicle composed in the time of Aethelwulf. For the period with which we are concerned, the chief sources of the chronicle are firstly, the Chronological Summary in Bede's Ecclesiastical History, v. 24, secondly, a genealogical document intimately related to those mentioned in the preceding note, and thirdly, a series of annals of unknown authorship dealing chiefly with Wessex, which appear to have extended to a time shortly after the middle of the eighth century, though this last section may consist of elements of different date. The value of earlier entries derived from this last source is difficult to estimate, but in any case it is extremely doubtful whether the dates assigned to events before the end of the sixth century can be trusted.


text:
Page:Bury J B The Cambridge Medieval History Vol 1 1911.djvu/768

680

(c) Monographs, Biographies, and Special Treatibeb

Articles in Pauly-Wissowa, especially

Seeok, O. : Alaricus. Anatolius. Antiochos. Ardabur. Arkadios. Col- latio lustralis. Eudokia. Eudoxia.

Oehler : Anastasios.

Barth, W. Kaiser Zeno. Basel. 1894.

Brooks, E. W. The emperor Zenon and the Isaurians. EHR, 1893, p. 209. Gregorovius, F. Athenais, Gesoh. einer byzantinisohen Kaiserin. Leipsio. 1882. Giildenpenning, A. Gesch. d. ostrdm. Reiches unter d. Kaisera Arcadius u. Theodosius II. Halle. 1885.

Haury, J. Review of above (taking opposite view). BZ, 1906, p. 291.

Holmes, W. G. The age of Justinian and Theodora. 2 vols. London. 1905-7.

(With a description of the empire under Anastasius.)

Ludwig, E. Der hi. Johannes Chrysostomus in seiner Verhfiltniss zum byzanti- nischen Hof. Braunsberg. 1883.

Merten, E. De bello Persico ab Anastasio gesto (Comm. phil. Jenenses, tom. vn, fasc. 2). Leipsic. 1905.

Mommsen, Th. Epinikos. Hm. 1897, p. 660.

Nftldeke, Th. Gesch. d. Perser u. Araber zur Zeit d. Sassaniden, aus d. arab. Chronik d. Tabari fibersetzt u. mit ausfilhrlichen Erlauterungen versehn. Leyden. 1879. (For Sassanid chronology.)

Rose, A. Kaiser Anastasius I. Halle. 1882.

Sauerbrei, P. Kftnig Yazdegerd, d. Silnder, d. Vormund d. byz. Kaisers Theo- dosius d. Kleinen (Festschr. Alb. v. Bamberg gewidmet, p. 90). Gotha. 1905. (Rejects Procopian story.)

Schmidt, L. Gesch. d. Wandalen. Leipsio. 1901.

Gesch. d. deutschen St&mme bis zum Ausgange d. V 6lkerwanderung. 4 pts.

(Quellen u. Forschungen zur alten Gesch. u. Geogr. herausg. v. W. Sieglin, Heft 7, 10, 12.) Berlin. 1904-10. Repr. as sep. work. (1st pt. Die Gesch. d. Ostgermanen.) With Addenda. Berlin. 1910. (Important for history of the Ostrogoths in the East.)

Sickel, W. Das byz. Krfinungsrecht bis zum 10“ Jahr. BZ, 1898, p. 511. Thierry, A. S. D. Nouveaux recits de Thistoire romaineaux iv« et v* sidcles. Trois ministres des fils de ThGodose. Paris. 1865.

Recits de 1’hist. rom. au ve sidcle. St Jean Chrysostome et rimp&ra trice

Eudoxie. Paris. 1872.


text: Page:Bury J B The Cambridge Medieval History Vol 1 1911.djvu/774


text: Page:Bury J B The Cambridge Medieval History Vol 1 1911.djvu/773


text: Page:Bury J B The Cambridge Medieval History Vol 1 1911.djvu/772


text: Page:Bury J B The Cambridge Medieval History Vol 1 1911.djvu/771


text:
Page:Bury J B The Cambridge Medieval History Vol 1 1911.djvu/775

No un printed sources have been utilized for this Chapter. It will be convenient to deal with the Bibliography under the following headings : —

I. General; II. Egyptian; III. Oriental and Greek; IV. Pre-Benedictine European; V. Benedictine.

I. GENERAL

A. Bibliography Proper

Berli&re, Dom U. Bulletin d’histoire Benedictine, appearing 3 or 4 times a year since 1893, in the RBen. (Maredsous, Belgium) : all current literature cover- ing the subject-matter of the Chapter is indicated, the original title “ Mo nastique” being more correct than “Bdnddictine.”

K5r” he,

(Their books contain the best general bibliographies for all aspects of monastic history.)

Leclercq. See under 71, B.

RE* contains excellent bibliographies in general article, "Mdnchtum” (Griitz- macher), and special articles as “Pachomius,” “Benedikt von Nursia,” etc.

B. General History

Helyot, H. Histoire des Ordres religieux. 8 vols. Paris. 1714-19.

Le N&in de Tillemont. See Gen. Bibl.

(The sections of the Mdmoires that deal with the prominent monks probably make up the best general account of early monasticism.) Montalembert, C. Les Moines d’Oocident. 7 vols. Paris* 1860-77. Transl. Mrs Oliphant. Edinburgh. 1861-79. (Vols. i, n.)

Of more recent general accounts may be named :

Eckenstein, Lina. Woman under Monasticism. Cambridge. 1896.

Hannay, J. O. Spirit and Origin of Christian Monasticism. London. 1903. Hamack, A. Das Mdnchtum. Giessen. 1881, and later edns. Reprinted in Reden und Aufs&tze. Giessen. 1903. Transl. Kellett, E. E. London. 1901. Heimbucher, M. Die Orden und Kongregationen der Kath. Kirche. 2nd edn. 3 vols- Paderbom. 1907-8.

(Vol. i contains, both in regard to materials and to bibliography, by far the most useful general account of the subject.)

Zockler, O. Askese und Monchtum. 2 vols. Frankfurt-a.-M. 1897.


text:
Page:Bury J B The Cambridge Medieval History Vol 1 1911.djvu/792

700 with Boniface, ib. ; supreme in the West, 411; policy in Gaul and Africa, ib. ; 412 sqq. ; third time consul, 415; sup- ports Frankish prince, ib. ; fails to crush Attila, 416 sq. ; assassinated, 418; his greatness discussed, 418 sq. ; 420 sqq. Afitius, city praefect, attacked, 463 Afitius, heretic teacher, condemnation of, 137

Africa, under Maxentius, 3 ; Christians in, 11 ; 13, 18, 30 sq., 50; awarded to Con- stans, 50 ; 58 sq. ; 61 ; 88 ; slow decay of paganism in, 115, 121; 162; church councils for, 164 sq. ; 172 ; first councils of bishops in, 178 ; 182 ; Franks in, 202 ; 218 ; misgovernment in, 227 sq. ; acknow- ledges Maximus, 239; revolt of Gildo in, 262 sqq., 458 ; Heraclian in, 272 sqq. ; importance of corn supply of, 275 ; Van- dals settled in, 276 ; 277 ; Wallia attempts to seise corn of, 278 ; 287 ; the Vandals in, 305 sq., 409, 412, 465; divided be- tween Romans and Vandals, 307, 413; Vandals seize all Roman provinces, 309 ; Marcellinus fails to relieve, 310 ; Vandals confirmed in possession of, 311; per- secution of the Catholics in, 312 ; revolt of Moors in, 312 sq. ; 315; constitution of the Vandal kingdom in, 316 sqq., 399 ; Arian predominance in, 306, 312, 321; 322 ; 358, 393 ; revolt of Heraclian in, 402 ; 404 ; Boniface in, 406 sqq. ; policy of Aetius towards, 411, 419 ; Roman cap- tives carried to, 421 ; 423, 428, 430 sq., 452, 518; monachism in, 532; Punic language used in, 545 ; oil trade of, 548 ; and the corn supply, 552; 586; early churches in, 609 ; 612 Africanus, governor of Pannonia Secunda, 64

Agapitus, holdB appointments under Theo- doric, 442 sq.

Agde, council held at, 286 Agilo, Roman general, envoy to Aquileia, 77 ; supports ProcopiuB, 220 ; deserts to Valens, 221

Agricola, Cn. Julius, in Britain, 368, 372 Agri Decumates, barbarians overrun the, 201

Agri gen turn, Romans victorious at, 309 Agrippinus, comes, commands in Narbonne, 282

Ahenobarbus, L. Domitius, Roman general, 197

Aists (Aestii), 184

Aix-la-Chapelle (Aachen), a principal city of the Ripuarian Franks, 300 Akatziri, the, submit to Attila, 360 sq. Akeman Street, course of, 376 Akhmlm. See Panopolis Alai Mts, 340

Alani (Alans), settled near River Don, 203 ; protect the Urugundi, 206 ; overpowered by Huns, 215, 231 ; plunder Roman pro- vinces, 216; 233; favoured by Gratian,

238 ; raid territory of Alemanni, 241 ; enlist under Theodosius, 242 ; 250; at battle of Hadrianople, 251 ; 253 ; in Pan- nonia, 254 ; migrate to Noricum, 264 ; at battle of Pollentia, 265; invade Gaul, 266 sq., 393 sq., 400; in Spain, 274 sq., 304, 316, 400; defeated by Goths, 278, 281, 304, 404; remnant joins the Aadin- gian Vandals, 304, 404; subordinate to Vandals in Africa, 316; paganism of, 320 ; in Italy and Gaul, 358 ; tributary to Attila, 361 ; desert from army of Ataulf, 403 ; 412 ; settled in Gaul, 413, 416; 471

Alaric, King of the Visigoths, 113; makes Attalus emperor, 115, 272 ; storms Rome, 170; first appearance of, 257; dis- appointed of promotion, 259; marches on Constantinople, 260, 456; campaign in Greece, 261, 457 Bq. ; treats with Western and Eastern Empires, 262, 458 ; invades the Western Empire, 264 ; at the battle of Pollentia, 265, 461 ; Illyrian project of, 267 ; subsidised by Rome, 268 ; besieges Rome, 270; demands excessive concessions, 271 ; sacks Rome, 273 ; death, 274, 365, 392, 399 ; result of rule of, 276 ; 283, 289, 305; and Stdicho, 394 ; 400, 402, 404 ; Gaudentius a hostage with, 407 ; 417 ; 459, 461 sq., 552 Alaric II, King of the Visigoths, decline of Gothic power under, 284 ; character and rule of, 285; defeated and slain, 286; 289 sq. ; Catholic Church under, 291; marries Theodoric'B daughter, 451 ; killed, 452

Alathar, magieter militum, 485; captured, 486

Alatheus, leader of the Greutungi, 232 ; de- vastates Pannonia, 237 ; invades Roman territory, 250 ; at battle of Hadrianople, 251 ; rules for infant son of Withimir, 253

Alavio, chief of the Visigoths, 214 sq. ; killed, 233; obtains leave to settle in Roman territory, 250 Alba, 44

Albania, Roumanians in, 356 Albanians, 357 ; speech of, 546 Albini, Christian members of family of, 572 Albinus, heathen pontiff, 116; 571 Albinus, patrician, 448; accused of in- trigue, 453

Alboin, King of the Lombards, 358, 431 Alchester near Bicester, on Akeman Street, 376

Aldborough (Isurium Brigantum), Romano- British town, 373

Alemanni, confederacy of Teutonic tribes, 3 ; defeated by Magnentius, 65 ; defeated at Strassburg, 68 ; subdued, 69 sq. ; 73 sq. confederacy of the, 195, 200 and note; reach Italian frontier, 201 ; 202 ; raids of, 207; repulsed, 208; campaigns of Constantius against, 209; defeated at


text:
Page:The Idle Thoughts of an Idle Fellow, a Book for an Idle Holiday - Jerome (1886).djvu/30

 goes a step further, and takes her pleasures in sadness itself.

I am not sneering. I would not for a moment sneer at anything that helps to keep hearts tender in this hard old world. We men are cold and common-sensed enough for all; we would not have women the same. No, no, ladies dear, be always sentimental and soft-hearted, as you are—be the soothing butter to our coarse dry bread. Besides, sentiment is to women what fun is to us. They do not care for our humour, surely it would be unfair to deny them their grief. And who shall say that their mode of enjoyment is not as sensible as ours? Why assume that a doubled-up body, a contorted, purple face, and a gaping mouth, emitting a series of ear-splitting shrieks, point to a state of more intelligent happiness than a pensive face, reposing upon a little white hand, and a pair of gentle tear-dimmed eyes, looking back through Time's dark avenue upon a fading past?

I am glad when I see Regret walked with as a friend—glad because I know the saltness has been washed from out the tears, and that the sting must have been plucked from the beautiful face of Sorrow e'er we dare press her pale lips to ours. Time has laid his healing hand upon the wound, when we can look back upon the pain we once fainted under, and no bitterness or despair rises in our hearts. The burden is no longer heavy, when we have for our past troubles only the same


text: Page:Bury J B The Cambridge Medieval History Vol 1 1911.djvu/798


text: Page:Bury J B The Cambridge Medieval History Vol 1 1911.djvu/797


text:
Page:Bury J B The Cambridge Medieval History Vol 1 1911.djvu/799

Rh

Aspacures, made king of Hiberia by the Persians, 225

Aspar, son of Ardaburius, defends Carthage, 306, 465 ; 309 sq. ; and Leo I, 395, 469 sq. ; helps Boniface, 410 ; hinders expedition against Vandals, 426, 468 ; fall of, 427 ; makes truce with Yezdegerd II, 466 ; obtains accession of Marcian, 467 ; makes Leo emperor, 423, 468 ; demands advance- ment for his son, 470; supported by Goths, ib. ; death, 471 ;Theodorio obtains terms for family of, 475 Assyria, 82 ; 88 Asyut. See Lycopolis Ataulf, brother-in-law of Alaric, 270 ; joins Alaric, 271 ; promoted by Attalus, 272 ; 273; elected king, 274, 399; marries Placidia, 274, 398 sq., 402; policy of, 277, 284 ; in Spain, 278 ; death, t&. ; 289 ; negotiates with Jovinus, 401 ; treats with Honorius, ib. ; occupies southern Gaul, 402 ; retreats to Spain, 403 ; assassinated, ib. ; 404 sqq., 438

Athalarich, grandson of Theodoric the Great, policy of non-interference with the Vandals, 314 ; letter of, to Justinian, 440 ; succeeds Theodoric, 454 ; death, ib. Athanarich, judge of the Visigoths, perse- cutes Gothic Christians, 212 ; makes war on Rome, 213 and note ; opposes Fritigern, 214 ; resists the Huns, 215 ; makes peace with Valens, 221 sq., 231 sq. ; death, 237, 254 ; royal funeral, ib. ; 250, 260 Athanasius, Bishop of Alexandria, 14, 21 ; returns to see and is again banished, 104 ; cited. 111, 120; theological attitude of, 119, 487 ; at Council of Nicaea, 120 sq. ; return of (346), 125; 126; life-work of, 127 sq. ; de Incamatione of, 127 ; appeals to Constantine, 128; is expelled from Alexandria, ib. ; acquitted of heresy, 129 ; return to Alexandria, 130, 346 ; 131 ;

conceals himself, 132 ; de Synodie of, 134 ; returns to Alexandria (362), 135; again exiled, 136 ; 137 ; death, 139 ; ordination, 160 sq. ; 489 ; said to have brought mon- asticism to Western Europe, 531, 534; reliability of, 571 ; 584 ; teaching of, 587 Athenais, daughter of Leontius. See Eu- docia

Athenodorus (1), insurgent, captured and beheaded, 480 ; his head shewn at Con- stantinople, ib.

Athenodorus (2), insurgent, captured and beheaded, 480 ; his head shewn at Tarsus, ib.

Athens, Julian at, 64, 101, 116; 75; centre of learning for Greece at, 88 sq. ; last stronghold of paganism, 113; taken by the Goths, 261, 457; 465 ; 595 Athos, Mount, monks of, 529 Atlantic Ocean, Saxons in, 299; limit of ancient world, 368; 414 Atlas, Mount, 121 Atrans, defiles of, 60 C. MED. H. VOL. I.

Atrebates, British tribe, 373 Attacotti, tribes of Irish, pillage Britain, 223

Attalus, praefect of Rome, made emperor by Alaric, 115, 272; deposed, 273; re- instated, 277 sq., 403; his advice to Ataulf, 401 and note ; at Ataulf’s wed- ding, 402; discarded, 403 Attica, the barbarians in, 205 ; invaded by Alaric, 261

Atticus, Bishop of Constantinople, restores name of Chrysostom to the diptychs, 494 Attila, King of the Huns, 279 ; defeated at Campus Mauriacus, 280, 364, 416; and the Salian Franks, 297 ; results of con- quests of, 351 ; Ch. xn (b) passim ; appearance, character and habits, 360; friendship with A&tius, 361, 407 ; made maffister militum, 362 ; makes and breaks peace with Rome, ib. ; plot to murder, 363, 467; death, 365, 418, 420, 467; character of rule, 365 sq. ; mission of Pope Leo to, 365, 396 sq., 417, 503; results of invasion on Roman world, 398 ; Huns united under, 407 ; 412 ; makes war on Eastern Empire, 414 ; alleged proposal of marriage with Honoria, 364, 415 sq., 421, 424 ; ravages North Italy, 417 ; re- treats from before Rome, ib. ; Orestes secretary to, 429, 433 ; 430 Attis, worship of, 107, 114 Attuarii. See Chattuarii Audefleda, sister of Clovis, marries Theo- doric, 451

Audians, among the Goths, 212, 214 Augst, Barbatio at, 67 sq.

Augusti, Bystem of rule by, 27 Augustine, St (Aurelius Augustinus), Bishop of Hippo, cited, 94, 115, 156 sq., 180, 531, 545; De Civitate Dei of, 115, 170, 173, 575 sq. ; Epistles of, 115 ; 116 sq. ; ordina- tion of, 152 sq. ; 162 ; helps in defence of Hippo against the Vandals, 306 ; death, ib. ; influence of, 396 ; and Count Boni- face, 408 ; 497 ; doctrines of, 498 ; intro- duces monastic life into Africa, 532 ; 534 sq. ; and the navicularii, 553 ; 555, 566; and Christian education, 570; at Milan, 571 ; 577 ; influence of the philo- sophers on, 578 sq. ; Confessions of, 579, 586; and magic, 580; and the Mani- chaeans, 581 ; teaching of, 582, 585 sqq. ; and his son, 596

Augustine, missionary to Britain, 391, 541 Augustodunum. See Autun Augustus, C. Octavius, Emperor, 1, 11 ; monqpolises power, 24 sqq., 31 ; improves the coinage, 39 sq., 45; 89; 115; 170; attacks the Teutons, 195 ; 201 ; and Britain, 368; political system of, 396; 543, 550 ; Lex Julia of, 551 Aurelian, Emperor, 7 sq., 13, 21, 25, 28, 39 sq., 140 ; and the Goths, 204 sqq., 210 ; 295 ; and the food-supply of Rome, 551 ; legislation under, 555 sq. ; 561

45


text:
Page:Criminal Code of Spain 1995 (English translation as of 2013).pdf/154

 ====Article 536==== Such an authority, civil servant or agent thereof who, tinin [sic] the course of criminal proceedings, intercepts telecommunications or uses technical tapping devices to listen, transmit, record or play sound, image or any other communication signal, in breach of the constitutional or legal guarantees, shall incur the punishment of special barring from public employment and office for two to six years.

Should he disclose or reveal the information obtained, the penalties of special barring, in the upper half and also a fine from six to eighteen months shall be imposed.

Article 537
The authority or public officer who prevents or hinders a detainee or prisoner in the exercise of his right to legal counsel, who attempts or favours his renunciation to such counsel, or does not immediately inform him of his rights and of the reasons for his arrest in an understandable way, shall be punished with the penalty of a fine from four to ten months and special barring from public employment and office of two to four years.

Article 538
The authority or public officer who establishes prior censorship or, outside the cases permitted by the Constitution and the Laws, seizes editions of books or newspapers or suspends their publication or the broadcast of any radio or television programme, shall incur the punishment of absolute barring from six to ten years.

Article 539
The authority or public officer who dissolves or suspends the activities of a legally constituted association without prior court order, or without a lawful cause to prevent it from holding its sessions, shall be punished with the penalty of special barring from public employment and office from eight to twelve years and a fine from six to twelve months.

Article 540
The authority or public officer who prohibits a peaceful meeting or dissolves it outside the cases specifically allowed by the laws shall be punished with the penalty of special barring from public employment and office from four to eight years and a fine from six to nine months.

Article 541
The authority or public officer who confiscates personal property outside the cases permitted and without fulfilling the legal requisites, shall incur the penalties and special barring from public employment and office of one to four years and a fine from six to twelve months.

Article 542
The authority or civil servant who knowingly prevents a person from exercising other civil rights recognised by the Constitution and the Laws shall incur the punishment of special barring from public employment and office for a term of one to four years.


text:
Page:Bury J B The Cambridge Medieval History Vol 1 1911.djvu/834

738 Persia, raises an “Eastern Question/* 22 sq. ; goes to war with Roms, 66 sq., 62, 71 ; reopens war, 72 ; 78 sqq. ; attacked by Julian, 81 sqq. ; treaty of Jovian with, 85; worship of Mithras in, 90; pagan philosophers flee to, 114; 219; renews war against Valens, 225 sq. ; negotiates, 231 ; Sapor III succeeds in, 238 ; annexes part of Armenia, 240; prehistoric in- habitants of, 329; greyhounds of, 340; in the nineteenth century, 348; devas- tated by Chinghis Khan, 350 ; 361 ; Ulus applies for help to, 436; at war with Rome, 464, 466 ; Mercian maintains peace with, 468; invaded by Saragurs, 469; defeated by Ephthalites, 478 ; and subject tribes, 481 ; Hypatius ambassador in, 486 ; condition of Christians in, 519 Persia, Bishop of. See John the Persian Persians, the, 18, 25, 57 sq., 72, 74, 82 ; at Ctesiphon, 83 ; at Maranga, 84 ; harass Jovian, 85; 98, 201 ; form an alliance with Euric, 284 ; 295 ; invade borders of the Empire, 306; make peace with the Romans, 315 ; hatred of the Altaians for, 343 ; and the Tartars, 347 ; allied with Huns, 363; defeated by Romans, make peace, 464 ; assist Illus, 478 ; take Amida, 481 ; 482 ; at the fort at Dara, 483 ; 514 Perthshire, Agricola advances into, 368 Pescennius, Niger, usurper, 17 PessinuB, visited by Julian, 79 ; 80 ; temple of Cybele at, 110

Peter, St, regarded as founder of Roman Church, 171 sqq., 505, 507; 608 Peter, Bishop of Alexandria, 140, 166 Peter, Bishop of Altinum, presides at trial of Symmachus, 449

Peter, Bishop of Ravenna, forbids perse- cution of the Jews, 453 Peter the Fuller, Bishop of Antioch, in- trudes into see, 514 ; twice expelled, tb. ; recalled, 515

Peter Mongus, Bishop of Alexandria, suc- cession to see disputed, 516; influence over AcaciuB of Constantinople, ib. ; and the Henoticon, 517 ; excommunicated by Simplicius, %6.

Peter of Zittau, chronicler, cited, 351 Petra in Arabia, Nestorius banished to, 502

Petronius, father-in-law of Valens, unpopu- larity of, 220 Pettau. See Poetovio Petulantes, the, summoned from Gaul, 72 sq. Peucini, 205

Peutinger’s chart, cited, 295

Pevensey (Anderida), fort repaired at, 379

Pfeffinger, Dr., 93

Pforzheim, possible route of Valentinian by, 224

Pharamond, son of Marcomir, legendary king of the Franks, 293, 295 Pharrantsem, Queen of Armenia, captured and slain by Sapor, 225

Philip, King of Macedonia, 17 ; negotiates with Bastarnae, 190 sq.

Philippi, 16; early Church at, 144; Goths at, 471

Philippopolis, Julian p as se s through, 77; Eastern bishops withdraw to, 130 ; Coun- cil of, 166; taken by Goths, 204; sur- renders to Aequitius, 221 ; Valens at, 250 ; 251 ; taken by Huns, 363 Philippus, envoy of Constantius, 61 Philo the Jew, theories of, 118, 496 Philomelium, church of, 164 Philostratus, 89 Phisonites, customs of, 349 Phocas, refuses to accept Christianity, 113 Phoenicia, 88

Pholoe, plateau of, 262 ; Stilicho blockades the Goths at, 458

Phronemhis, in command at Constanti- nople, 220

Phrygia, church of, 164; march of Valens into, 221 ; rebellion of Tribigild in, 262, 458; ancestors of the Franks driven from, 293 ; 459

Piacensa, letter to a deacon of, cited, 161 ; Ri rimer defeats A vitus near, 4 22 ; Orestes put to death at, 430 Picardy, early monasteries in, 534 Picenum, Goths at, 270, 273 ; 446 Piets, the, 58; oppose the Romans, 73; defeated by Maximus, 238, 383 note; driven out by Constans, 378 Pincian Hill, the, 448 Piraeus, the, seized by Alaric, 261 Piroz, King of Persia, and Leo 1, 469 Pisidia, TribigUd's march through, 458 Pispir, St Anthony at, 522 Pithyusae, ceded to the Vandals, 311 Pitt-Rivers, General, excavations made by, 376

Pityus, sacked by Bor&ni, 204 ; Chrysostom at, 493

Plaoentia, Goths at, 270 Plaridia, Galls, sister of Honorius, 270 ; de- tained by Alaric, 273 ; marries Ataulf, 274, 277, 398 sqq. ; ill-treated by Sigerich, 278, 404; pious influence of, 396; historic importance of, 397 sq. ; restored to Rome, 404 ; married to Constantius, ib, ; entitled Augusta, 405, 465 ; influence over Honorius, 406; banished to Con- stantinople, ib. ; 408; recalls Boniface, 409; and A&tius, 411, 418; death, 418; harmful education of Valentinian HI, 419; returns to Italy, 465; and Pope Leo, 506 ; mausoleum of, 610 Placidia, daughter of Valentinian III, carried captive to Carthage, 308 sq. ; 421, 468; released, 310, 424, 468 ; 418; marries Olybrius, 424 Placidus, St, 541

Plato, 93, 98, 100; Academy of, 114; 578 Plato, praefcct of Constantinople, 484 ;

hostility of the mob to, 485 Plautianus, minister of Severus, 31


text: Page:Bury J B The Cambridge Medieval History Vol 1 1911.djvu/828


text: Page:Bury J B The Cambridge Medieval History Vol 1 1911.djvu/827


text:
Page:Bury J B The Cambridge Medieval History Vol 1 1911.djvu/829

Rh Maximus, Bishop of Antioch, at Council of Chalcedon, 508 ; appointment, 514 ; deposition, ib.

Maximus of Turin, Homilies of, 115 Maximus, philosopher, 64, 78; thaumatur- gie stances of, 100 ; Julian writes to, 102 ; 106 ; distrusted by Valentinian, 219 ; conspires against Valens, 226 Mayenne, River, 299 Mazaca. See Caesarea in Cappadocia Mazices, eastern tribe, raid Libya, 483 Mecklenburg, Teutons in, 186 Media, 82 ; the Scythian invasion of, 354 ; 361

Medieval History, epoch of beginning of, 1 Mediterranean Sea, Vandals on, 306, 309 sqq., 412; Vandal rule in islands of, 320; 379; 405 ; 411 Megara, taken by Goths, 261, 457 Megarians, the, 17

Melania, Roman lady, monastery founded by, 526 ; establishes sisterhood in Palestine, 531

Melania, granddaughter of above, 526 Melanthias, Valens at, 234 Melas, River, 458 Melchiades. See Miltiades Meletian schism, the, 12, 14 Meletius, Bishop of Antioch, 134 sqq., 138 ; presides at Council of Constantinople (381), 141

Melitene, Eugenius at, 481 ; Patridus at, 482

Melito, Bishop of Sardis, 164 Memnon, Bishop of Ephesus, at the Council of Ephesus, 174, 501 Menapii, Keltic tribe, 188 Mendip Hills, the, government of, in Roman times, 372 Mensurius, Bishop of Carthage, 12 Merria, kingdom of, 389; expansion of, 390

Mercurii Promontorium. See Bon (Cape) Mercurius, 97

Mercury, Roman deacon, 154 sq.

Merida, Sueves defeated near, 305 ; taken by Rechiar, 413

Merobaudes, his panegyric of AStius cited, 411, 418

Merobaudes, Roman general, saves Romans from justice, 228; and the succession question, 231 ; murder of, 242 Merovech, King of the Salian Franks, 296 ;

legend of the birth of, 297 sq. ; 300 Merwings, long hair worn by, 317 Mesopotamia, 22, 71 sq., 82, 85, 136; invaded by Scythians, 354 ; 464 ; Roman army in, 481 sq. ; revolt in, 513 sq. ; growth of asceticism in, 526; 527 Messalian monks (Euchitae), 527 Metamorphoses, the, of Apuleius, 90 Meti (Divodurum), Julian passes through, 66; 69; 209 note ; holds out against the Franks, 300 ; 411 ; sacked by Attila, 416 Meuse, River, 69, 209, 296

Michael (VIII) Palaeologus, Eastern Em- peror, 19

Middle Anglia, 389 ; absorbed by Mercia, 390

Middlesex, Roman troops in, 368 ; probably not a separate kingdom, 389 Miklagard (Constantinople), 18 Milan, Constantine at, 5; edict of, 5 sq., 20, 134 ; Donatists appeal to Constantine at, 12; 16, 32, 43, 50; Constantius at, 61, 63 ; Julian in ward at, 64 ; 65 sq. ; 71 ; m seat of learning, 88 ; 101 ;

Eugenius at, 115 ; council at (355), 131 ; prominence of church of, 172 ; 182 ;

defeat of Alemanni near, 201 ; Valentinian at, 219, 222, 227, 229; election of Ambrose at, 239 ; 240, 242; Theodosius at, 243, 257 ; Ambrose withdraws from, 244; penance of Theodosius at, 245; death of Theodosius at, 247, 259 ; Alaric threatens, 264 sq. ; sacked by Huns, 417 ; Ricimer collects troops at, 427 ; re- taken by Odovacar, 439 ; 448; monastery of Ambrose at, 531 sq. ; Augustine at, 571 ; ivory book-cover in Collection at, 605 ; church of the Apostles built at, 610 Milan, Bishops of. See Ambrose, Dionysius, Laurentius

Miletus, trade in purple fabrics of, 549;

remains of church at, 611 Milevis, Bishop of. See OptatUB Miltiades (Melchiades), Bishop of Rome, 12 Mincio, River, Attila camps on, 365 Minerva, Julian revives worship of, 107 ;

statue of, at Athens, 113 Minervina, wife of Constantine, 2, 15 Misenum, Cape, 434 Mieopogon, Julian’s, 81 Mithras, worship and mysteries of, 9, 11, 569; Julian and, 64, 101, 105; 89; originates in Persia, 90; 95, 105, 107, 112, 114

Mithridates, King of PontuB, 85 ; Bastarnae allied with, 191 Mittenberg, 189 sq.

Mitylene (Lesbos), 17 Modares, barbarian prince, sent by Theo- dosius against the Goths, 236 Modena, clothing trade of, 549 Moesia, 19, 56 ; plundered by Goths, 203, 205 sq., 216, 252; Tervingi settled in, 210; devastated by Quadi, 229 ; 235; Theodosius in command in, 253 ; colonics of Goths in, 254, 260, 456, 458 ; 363 ; Theo- doric in, 437 sq., 477 ; Theodemir and, 471 ; Vitalianus seizes fortresses in, 486 Moesia, duke of, bribed by Vitalianus, 485 Mogontiacum, Ambrose at, 239 Moin, ancient name of the Main, 186 note Mongolia, cattle-breeding in, 331 ; 336 Mongols, devastation wrought by, 328; personal appearance, 332; government, 334 ; customs, 336 sqq., 355 ; under Chinghiz Khan, 350 ; 359

Monica, mother of Augustine, 597


text: Page:Bury J B The Cambridge Medieval History Vol 1 1911.djvu/895


text: Page:Bury J B The Cambridge Medieval History Vol 1 1911.djvu/896


text: Page:Bury J B The Cambridge Medieval History Vol 1 1911.djvu/897


text: Page:Bury J B The Cambridge Medieval History Vol 1 1911.djvu/899


text:
Page:Bury J B The Cambridge Medieval History Vol 1 1911.djvu/900

 mu i

3 2044 098


text:
Page:Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820 vol1.pdf/163

Rh by the sea-side; towards the south and south-east the city is commanded by several hills, the promontories of the Corcovado, a woody mountain. The more ancient, north-east part of the city is traversed by eight straight, pretty narrow, and parallel streets, and divided into squares by many others crossing them at right angles. The Campo de S. Anna, a large square, to the west of the old city, separates it from the new town. The latter, which has, for the most part, arisen since the arrival of the court, is connected by the bridge of S. Diogo over the arm of the sea called Sacco d’Alferes, with the south-western quarter, or Bairro de Mato-porcos, and, by the extensive suburb of Catumbi, with the royal palace of S. Cristovao, situated to the north-west. Mato-porcos lies immediately against the lower eminences of the Corcovado, which rise south-west of the city, where this row of hills terminates at the sea. The church of Nossa Senhora da Gloria forms a distinguished object on its summit, commanding the southern part of the city. From this place, farther towards the south, detached rows of houses occupy the two semicircular bays of Catête, and Bota Fogo, and single houses lie scattered in the picturesque side-valleys, which branch out from the Corcovado, and among which the Valley of Laranjeiras is the most pleasant. The city, in its greatest extent, already measures above half a mile. The houses, which are low and narrow in proportion to their depth, are for the most built of


text:
Page:A Changed Man (1913).pdf/47

 sound of; it is you I care for. I wish you hadn't a farthing in the world but what I could earn for you!'

'I don't altogether wish that,' she murmured.

'I wish it, because it would have made what I was going to propose much easier to do than it is now. Indeed I will not propose it, although I came on purpose, after what you have said in your frankness.'

'Nonsense, Nic. Come, tell me. How can you be so touchy?'

'Look at this then, Christine dear.' He drew from his breast-pocket a sheet of paper and unfolded it, when it was observable that a seal dangled from the bottom.

'What is it?' She held the paper sideways, so that what there was of window-light fell on its surface. 'I can only read the Old English letters—why—our names! Surely it is not a marriage-licence?'

'It is.'

She trembled. 'O Nic! how could you do this—and without telling me!'

'Why should I have thought I must tell you? You had not spoken "frankly" then as you have now. We have been all to each other more than these two years, and I thought I would propose that we marry privately, and that I then leave you on the instant. I would have taken my travelling-bag to church, and you would have gone home alone. I should not have started on my adventures in the brilliant manner of our original plan, but should have roughed it a little at first; my great gain would have been that the absolute possession of you would have enabled me to work with spirit and purpose, such as nothing else could do. But I dare not ask you now—so frank as you have been.'

She did not answer. The document he had produced gave such unexpected substantiality to the venture with which she had so long toyed as a vague dream merely, that she was, in truth, frightened a little. 'I—don't know about it!' she said.

title: Page:A Changed Man (1913).pdf/47


text: Page:Bury J B The Cambridge Medieval History Vol 1 1911.djvu/691


text:
Page:The Bell System Technical Journal, Volume 1, 1922.pdf/42

42 arc. Following its extinction, there is a further action of the resonant system consisting of the coil and the total capacity to ground which acts in such a way as to prevent any over-voltage and to restore the normal potentials to ground gradually, thus tending to prevent the arc from restriking. This action is as follows:

Referring to Fig. 2, the vectors E10, E20, E30 represent the emfs. impressed between lines and neutral by the transformer bank. Ic, In, If are respectively the admittance current to the fault, the current supplied by the reactor to the fault, and the total fault current. The fault is assumed to be on phase 3. The arc will go out when In and Ic have nearly their maximum values. Their instantaneous values are, however, exactly equal and opposite in the sense indicated by the arrows in Fig. 1, i.e., regarded as currents fed to the fault by the two parallel circuits (1) coil-fault-faulty wire-E30 and (2) admittance of sound phases-fault-faulty wire-transformer bank. These instantaneous currents are exactly equal in magnitude and are in the same direction in the single series circuit consisting of coil, transformers, admittance to ground of the three phases in parallel, and ground. Thus the condition in this series resonant circuit at the instant of extinction is that of an established free oscillation, the energy of the oscillation being at this instant wholly electromagnetic.

The voltage across the reactor due to the current In, in the direction of E30 (Fig. 1) is represented in Fig. 2 by the vector E0g. This is 180° out of phase with E30 and initially of the same amplitude. At the instant the arc goes out, both are practically zero. As the oscillation progresses, E0g dies away, due to damping, and the resultant


text:
File:The Great Detective Stories, a Chronological Anthology (1927).djvu

This image was copied from commons:commons. The original description was:


text:
Page:The Harvard Classics Shelf of Fiction Vol. 03.djvu/250

230 In another minute Mr. Bingley, but without seeming to have noticed what passed, took leave and rode on with his friend.

Mr. Denny and Mr. Wickham walked with the young ladies to the door of Mr. Philips’s house, and then made their bows, in spite of Miss Lydia’s pressing entreaties that they would come in, and even in spite of Mr. Philips’s throwing up the parlour window, and loudly seconding the invitation.

Mr. Philips was always glad to see her nieces; and the two eldest, from their recent absence, were particularly welcome; and she was eagerly expressing her surprise at their sudden return home, which, as their own carriage had not fetched them, she should have known nothing about if she had not happened to see Mr. Jones’s shop-boy in the street, who had told her that they were not to send any more draughts to Netherfield, because of the Miss Bennets were come away, when her civility was claimed towards Mr. Collins by Jane’s introduction of him. She received him with her very best politeness, which he returned with as much more, apologising for his intrusion without any previous acquaintance with her, which he could not help flattering himself however might be justified by his relationship to the young ladies who introduced him to her notice. Mrs. Philips was quite awed by such an excess of good breeding; but her contemplation of one stranger was soon put to an end to by exclamations and inquiries about the other, of whom, however, she could only tell her nieces what they already knew, that Mr. Denny had brought him from London, and that he was to have a lieutenant’s commission in the ——shire. She had been watching him the last hour, she said, as he walked up and down the street, and had Mr. Wickham appeared, Kitty and Lydia would certainly have continued the occupation; but unluckily no one passed the windows now except a few of the officers, who, in comparison with the stranger, were become ‘stupid, disagreeable fellows.’ Some of them were to dine with the Philipses the next day, and their aunt promised to make her husband call on Mr. Wickham, and give him an invitation also, if the family from Longbourn would come in the evening. This was agreed to; and Mrs. Philips protested that they would have a nice comfortable noisy game of lottery tickets, and a little bit of hot supper afterwards. The pros-


text:
Page:The life of Charlotte Brontë (IA lifeofcharlotteb01gaskrich).pdf/107

 "June the 31st, 1829.

"The play of the 'Islanders' was formed in December, 1827, in the following manner. One night, about the time when the cold sleet and stormy fogs of November are succeeded by the snow-storms, and high piercing night-winds of confirmed winter, we were all sitting round the warm blazing kitchen fire, having just concluded a quarrel with Tabby concerning the propriety of lighting a candle, from which she came off victorious, no candle having been produced. A long pause succeeded, which was at last broken by Branwell saying, in a lazy manner, 'I don't know what to do.' This was echoed by Emily and Anne.

"Tabby. 'Wha ya may go t' bed.'

"Branwell. 'I'd rather do anything than that.'

"Charlotte. 'Why are you so glum to-night, Tabby? Oh! suppose we had each an island of our own.'

"Branwell. 'If we had I would choose the Island of Man.'

"Charlotte. 'And I would choose the Isle of Wight.'

"Emily. 'The Isle of Arran for me.'

"Anne. 'And mine should be Guernsey.'

"We then chose who should be chief men in our islands. Branwell chose John Bull,, and Leigh Hunt; Emily, Walter Scott, Mr. Lockhart, Johnny Lockhart; Anne, Michael Sadler, Lord Bentinck, . I chose the Duke of Wellington and two sons, Christopher North and Co., and Mr. Abernethy. Here our conversation was interrupted by the, to us, dismal sound of the clock striking seven, and we were


text:
Page:The life of Charlotte Brontë (IA lifeofcharlotteb01gaskrich).pdf/108

 summoned off to bed. The next day we added many others to our list of men, till we got almost all the chief men of the kingdom. After this, for a long time, nothing worth noticing occurred. In June, 1828, we erected a school on a fictitious island, which was to contain 1,000 children. The manner of the building was as follows. The Island was fifty miles in circumference, and certainly appeared more like the work of enchantment than anything real," &c.

Two or three things strike me much in this fragment; one is the graphic vividness with which the time of the year, the hour of the evening, the feeling of cold and darkness outside, the sound of the night-winds sweeping over the desolate snow-covered moors, coming nearer and nearer, and at last shaking the very door of the room where they were sitting—for it opened out directly on that bleak, wide expanse—is contrasted with the glow, and busy brightness of the cheerful kitchen where these remarkable children are grouped. Tabby moves about in her quaint country-dress, frugal, peremptory, prone to find fault pretty sharply, yet allowing no one else to blame her children, we may feel sure. Another noticeable fact is the intelligent partisanship with which they choose their great men, who are almost all stanch Tories of the time. Moreover, they do not confine themselves to local heroes; their range of choice has been widened by hearing much of what is not usually considered to interest children. Little Anne, aged scarcely eight, picks out the politicians of the day for her chief men.


text: Page:Cathlamet On the Columbia.djvu/197

title: Page:Cathlamet On the Columbia.djvu/197


text: Page:Cathlamet On the Columbia.djvu/198

title: Page:Cathlamet On the Columbia.djvu/198


text:
Page:The Boy Travellers in South America.djvu/236

224 “A curious circumstance connected with the antiquities of Peru is the extreme rarity of statues of stone or other material. Some have been found, but not many; in Cuzco there are a few figures in terra cotta and also in stone, but probably not twenty in all. The few that exist are quite rude in character, and not at all comparable to the admirable works of art which abounded in ancient Egypt. Two stone figures representing animals in a sitting posture were taken from the ruins of the Garden of the Sun; they are each about twenty-four inches high, and the shape of the pedestals seems to indicate that they were originally placed on the coping of a wall. If the sculptor made a true representation of his model, it is easy to believe that the animal could walk down his own throat without difficulty.

“Cuzco was defended by a fortress on a high hill just in the rear of the city. The fortress was a remarkable piece of work, and is said to have been built in the twelfth century; it held the same relation to Cuzco that ‘The Rock’ does to Gibraltar, or the Acropolis did to Athens. It consists of terraces near the summit of the hill, seven hundred and sixty-four feet above the grand square of the city, and of zigzag roads leading from below. All the roads are made so that they can be easily defended; the terraces are three in number, and have a total height of sixty feet.

“Military men who have examined the fortress say that the walls were constructed quite in accordance with the best engineering science of modern times; on its only assailable side the walls are provided with salients, so that every point could be covered by a parallel fire from the weapons of the defenders. The walls are composed of immense blocks of blue limestone, and each salient has one of these at its end. In some


text:
Page:Travels in India by Jean-Baptiste Tavernier (Second Edition) Vol 1.pdf/266

Rh Inquisitor-General has the power to acquit him or condemn him to death. Du Belloy was accordingly put on board a small vessel of ten or twelve guns with his feet in irons, while the captain was warned to watch him well, and that he would be held personally answerable for him. But as soon as they got to sea, the captain, who was a gallant man, and knew that Du Belloy was of good family, ordered his irons to be removed, and even made him eat at his table, taking care to supply him with clean linen and clothes necessary for the voyage, which lasted some forty days.

They arrived at Goa on the 19th of February 1649, and the vessel had scarcely reached port when St. Amant came on board on the part of the Viceroy, both to receive letters and learn what was going on in China. His surprise was great on seeing du Belloy’s condition, and learning that the captain would not allow him to land till he had delivered him to the Inquisitor. Nevertheless, as St. Amant at the time possessed great authority, by force of his entreaties he obtained permission from the captain for du Belloy to go with him to the town. Du Belloy purposely again put on his old clothes, which were all in rags and full of vermin, and St. Amant, who knew that it would not do to play with the inquisition, went first to present him to the Inquisitor, who, seeing this gentleman in so poor a condition, took pity on him, and allowed him the run of the town as his prison till he should see what the advice regarding him were, on condition, however, that he should present himself when required to do so. After these proceedings St. Amant brought du Belloy to my lodging, just as I was on the point of going out to visit the Bishop of Mire (i.e. Myra in Lycia), whom I had formerly known at Constantinople when he was guardian of the Franciscans of Galata. I asked them to await my return, and to dine with me, which they did, after which I offered board and lodging to M. du Belloy, who stayed with me, and I ordered three suits of clothes and whatever linen was necessary for his use.

I remained for eight or ten days longer at Goa, during which time it was impossible for me to induce M. du Belloy to put


text:
Page:The Czechoslovak Review, vol3, 1919.djvu/271

 The war with the Magyars closed July 4. On that day entire Slovakia, as delimited by the peace conference, was evacuated by the Magyars. There are still difficulties with the anarchistic regime prevailing at Budapest, and Tusar had to address a firm note of protest to Bela Kuhn against the bombarding of a Slovak town by a Magyar aeroplane. But everyone hopes that watchful waiting on the long Magyar-Slovak frontier will not break out into fighting once more.

There are many conflicting reports regarding the present conditions in Czechoslovakia. Some of these reports are doing harm and injustice, not only to Czechoslovakia and its people, but to America as well, as America has a very promising field and future here. The writer has travelled considerably through Bohemia, met most of its leaders, and has found that the country and its people, although in a nervous state of mind from the effects of the war, are gradually working themselves out of their chaotic condition, and are adopting rational and constructive principles in all their lines. Many of these unjust and untrustworthy reports are circulated by their former enemy, and have a tendency to hold back American financiers and business men from entering this field, where, on the other hand, certain other countries, such as France, Italy, Switzerland, Holland, and even Germany are taking advantage to get into this market now, even under present difficulties and restrictions.

Germans in Bohemia and Moravia and Magyars in Slovakia who formerly controlled the Czechoslovak nation are hard losers. They are using every means not only at home, but in all foreign countries as well, to hinder the gradual establish ment of a good government in Czechoslovakia. The people know this and are determined to conquer these former enemies. They are willing to put up with all kinds of sufferings now, as they have done for 300 years. But they are very alert and eager to get control of all that rightly belongs to them, in order to be really free politically and economically.

To accomplish this, strict rules and measures are being introduced by the new Government. These are now working a hardship on many, especially on importers and exporters. However, they are for the good of the new Republic, and as conditions are adjusting themselves, it is hoped that unrestricted, improved commerce will soon follow.

The Czechoslovak Republic offers exceptionally good field for the American exporter and importer. The people in every walk of life here believe in America. They know what America has done for them, and they feel that they owe a great deal to her and are ready to reciprocate many times over. Everywhere I travelled, from the largest city to the smallest hamlet, I found the most cordial feeling of gratitude toward America and its people. In most of the public buildings and private homes you see the Stars and Stripes along with the colors of the Czechoslovak Republic, and President Wilson’s picture displayed with that of President Masaryk. Every tongue expresses the sincere hope that they may soon enjoy the same liberty, love and freedom that we have in America. All foreigners who had an opportunity to study the people here closely are satisfied that the people are able to govern themselves. Exporters and manufacturers should lose no opportunity to enter this promising field. The people here do not want to do business with their former enemies who controlled their industry before the war. This is one reason why there are many restrictions in force now. On the other hand, friendly nations, and particularly America, will receive every encouragement possible to facilitate commercial relations.

To go into the details of rules and restrictions would take up too much space. They will be abolished, when the reconstruction plans of Europe are more advanced. Some of the principal difficulties now are: Lack of Czechoslovak monetary system which has not yet been established, and the temporary use of the Austrian money, merely


text:
Page:Up the Country.djvu/388

 Jones with Rosina went to take our return presents to the little ranee, and were charmed with their visit.

Thursday. G. went to a long tiresome review to-day, and F. and C. went with Captain X., Mr. H., and Dr. D. to visit Donheit Rao’s tomb. The baizee baee erected it fifteen years ago. There is a black marble figure of him, dressed in the same sort of gold stuff he always wore, and with all his jewels on, and as, being of black marble, he cannot go the Mahadeo’s temple to say prayers, Mahadeo is brought and put on a table before him. Food is served up to him three times a day, and there is a nautch going on while he is supposed to eat. They were nautching all the time we were there, and I think the marble man liked it. The base endowed the tomb with five villages, and the Brahmins in attendance eat up the food the marble man leaves. It has made rather a good sketch. G. said, while the review was going on, the sirdar who had been to the tomb and had been so much pleased that they made a drawing of it, and that they had returned safely to camp, and the maharajah sent his compliments, and said he was glad to hear of our safety. I never felt much afraid, did you? but then I have sketched before, and know what it is.

Friday, Jan. 17 I declare I think Scindia a very nice young man, likely to turn out well. There is an enamelled little box of spices that comes every day with the uneatable food he sends for luncheon, and I took it up one day

title: Page:Up the Country.djvu/388