text:
Author:John Colquhoun

Works

 * 2nd ed.:
 * 4th ed. (enlarged; in two volumes):
 * 5th ed. (enlarged; in two volumes):  (1st vol. only)
 * 5th ed. (enlarged; in two volumes):  (1st vol. only)

About John Colquhoun

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title: Author:John Colquhoun


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Page:The Idle Thoughts of an Idle Fellow, a Book for an Idle Holiday - Jerome (1886).djvu/65

been in love, of course! If not you've got it to come. Love is like the measles; we all have to go through it. Also like the measles, we take it only once. One never need be afraid of catching it a second time. The man who has had it can go into the most dangerous places, and play the most foolhardy tricks with perfect safety. He can picnic in shady woods, ramble through leafy aisles, and linger on mossy seats to watch the sunset. He fears a quiet country house no more than he would his own club. He can join a family party to go down the Rhine. He can, to see the last of a friend, venture into the very jaws of the marriage ceremony itself. He can keep his head through the whirl of a ravishing waltz, and rest afterwards in a dark conservatory, catching nothing more lasting than a cold. He can brave a moonlight walk adown sweet-scented lanes, or a twilight pull among the sombre rushes. He can get over a stile without danger, scramble through a tangled hedge without being caught, come down a slippery path without falling. He can look into sunny eyes,

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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 wife remaining at Lyons, earning a precarious living by making straw bonnets.

We hear nothing further of Jacquard for some years, but in the interval he seems to have prosecuted his improvement in the drawloom for the better manufacture of figured fabrics; for, in, he brought out his contrivance for selecting the warp threads, which, when added to the loom, superseded the services of a drawboy. The adoption of this machine was slow but steady, and in ten years after its introduction, of them were found at work in Lyons. Jacquard's pursuits were rudely interrupted by the Revolution, and, in, we find him fighting in the ranks of the Lyonnaise Volunteers against the Army of the Convention under the command of Dubois Crancé. The city was taken; Jacquard fled and joined the Army of the Rhine, where he rose to the rank of sergeant. He might have remained a soldier, but that, his only son, having been shot dead at his side, he deserted and returned to Lyons to recover his wife. He found her in a garret, still employed at her old trade of straw-bonnet making. While living in concealment with her, his mind reverted to the inventions over which he had so long brooded in former years; but he had no means wherewith to prosecute them. Jacquard found it necessary, however, to emerge from his hiding-place and try to find some employment. He succeeded in obtaining it with an intelligent manufacturer, and while working by day he went on inventing by night. It had occurred to him that great improvements might still be introduced in looms for figured goods, and he incidentally mentioned the subject one day to his master, regretting


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 at the same time that his limited means prevented him from carrying out his ideas. Happily his master appreciated the value of the suggestions, and with laudable generosity placed a sum of money at his disposal, that he might prosecute the proposed improvements at his leisure.

In three months Jacquard had invented a loom to substitute mechanical action for the irksome and toilsome labour of the workman. The loom was exhibited at the Exposition of National Industry at Paris in 1801, and obtained a bronze medal. Jacquard was further honoured by a visit at Lyons from the Minister Carnot, who desired to congratulate him in person on the success of his invention. In the following year the Society of Arts in London offered a prize for the invention of a machine for manufacturing fishing-nets and boarding-netting for ships. Jacquard heard of this, and while walking one day in the fields according to his custom, he turned the subject over in his mind, and contrived the plan of a machine for the purpose. His friend, the manufacturer, again furnished him with the means of carrying out his idea, and in three weeks Jacquard had completed his invention.

Jacquard's achievement having come to the knowledge of the Prefect of the Department, he was summoned before that functionary, and, on his explanation of the working of the machine, a report on the subject was forwarded to the Emperor. The inventor was forthwith summoned to Paris with his machine, and brought into the presence of the Emperor, who received him with the consideration due to his genius. The interview lasted two hours, during which Jacquard, placed


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 at his ease by the Emperor's affability, explained to him the improvements which he proposed to make in the looms for weaving figured goods. The result was, that he was provided with apartments in the Conservatoire des Arts et Métiers, where he had the use of the workshop during his stay, and was provided with a suitable allowance for his maintenance.

Installed in the Conservatoire, Jacquard proceeded to complete the details of his improved loom. He had the advantage of minutely inspecting the various exquisite pieces of mechanism contained in that great treasury of human ingenuity. Among the machines which more particularly attracted his attention, and eventually set him upon the track of his discovery, was a loom for weaving flowered silk, made by Vaucanson the celebrated automaton-maker.

Vaucanson was a man of the highest order of constructive genius. The inventive faculty was so strong in him that it may almost be said to have amounted to a passion, and could not be restrained. The saying that the poet is born, not made, applies with equal force to the inventor, who, though indebted, like the other, to culture and improved opportunities, nevertheless contrives and constructs new combinations of machinery mainly to gratify his own instinct. This was peculiarly the case with Vaucanson; for his most elaborate works were not so much distinguished for their utility as for the curious ingenuity which they displayed. While a mere boy attending Sunday conversations with his mother, he amused himself by watching, through the chinks of a partition wall, part of the movements of a clock in the adjoining apartment,


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text: Category:Assamese authors

title: Category:Assamese authors


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RV 426 (HIS LADY.])


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RV 427 (HIS LADY.])


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MERICAN COWSLIP. . Class 5,. Order:. The elegant stem of a single root of this plant springs from the centre of a rosette of large leaves couched on the earth. In April it is crowned with twelve pretty flowers with the cups reversed. Linnæus has given it the name of “Dodecatheon,” which signifies “twelve divinities,” a name, perhaps, somewhat too extravagant for a small plant so modest in its appearance. An American writer says of them, in their indigenous soil, that they resemble a cluster of bright yellow polyanthuses. “Our gold cowslips,” he adds, “look like a full branch of large clustering king-cups; they carelessly raise themselves on their firm stalks, their corollas gazing upward to the changing spring sky, as they grow amidst their pretty leaves of vivid green. They adorn almost every meadow, and shed a glow of beauty wherever they spring.”

title: Page:Floras Lexicon-1840.djvu/32


text: Flora's Lexicon/American Cowslip

title: Flora's Lexicon/American Cowslip


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RV 428 (HIS LADY.])


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 that they pelted him with stones and had nearly killed him. He nevertheless went on inventing, and next produced a machine for weaving flowered silks, with a contrivance for giving a dressing to the thread, so as to render that of each bobbin or skein of an equal thickness.

When Vaucanson died in, after a long illness, he bequeathed his collection of machines to the Queen, who seems to have set but small value on them, and they were shortly after dispersed. But his machine for weaving flowered silks was happily preserved in the Conservatoire des Arts et Métiers, and there Jacquard found it among the many curious and interesting articles in the collection. It proved of the utmost value to him, for it immediately set him on the track of the principal modification which he introduced in his improved loom.

One of the chief features of Vaucanson's machine was a pierced cylinder which, according to the holes it presented when revolved, regulated the movement of certain needles, and caused the threads of the warp to deviate in such a manner as to produce a given design, though only of a simple character. Jacquard seized upon the suggestion with avidity, and, with the genius of the true inventor, at once proceeded to improve upon it. At the end of a month his weaving-machine was completed. To the cylinder of Vaucanson, he added an endless piece of pasteboard pierced with a number of holes, through which the threads of the warp were presented to the weaver; while another piece of mechanism indicated to the work-man the colour of the shuttle which he ought to throw. Thus the drawboy and the reader of


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 designs were both at once superseded. The first use Jacquard made of his new loom was to weave with it several yards of rich stuff which he presented to the Empress Josephine. Napoleon, was highly gratified with the result of the inventor's labours, and ordered a number of the looms to be constructed by the best workmen, after Jacquard's model, and presented to him; after which he returned to Lyons.

There he experienced the frequent fate of inventors. He was regarded by his townsmen as an enemy, and treated by them as Kay, Hargreaves, and Arkwright had been in Lancashire. The workmen looked upon the new loom as fatal to their trade, and feared lest it should at once take the bread from their mouths. A tumultuous meeting was held on the Place des Terreaux, when it was determined to destroy the machines. This was however prevented by the military. But Jacquard was denounced and hanged in effigy. The 'Conseil des prud'hommes' in vain endeavoured to allay the excitement, and they were themselves denounced. At length, carried away by the popular impulse, the prud'hommes, most of whom had been workmen and sympathized with the class, had one of Jacquard's looms carried off and publicly broken in pieces. Riots followed, in one of which Jacquard was dragged along the quay by an infuriated mob intending to drown him, but he was rescued.

The great value of the Jacquard loom, however, could not be denied, and its success was only a question of time. Jacquard was urged by some English silk manufacturers to pass over into England and settle there. But notwithstanding


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 the harsh and cruel treatment he had received at the hands of his townspeople, his patriotism was too strong to permit him to accept their offer. The English manufacturers, however, adopted his loom. Then it was, and only then, that Lyons, threatened to be beaten out of the field, adopted it with eagerness; and before long the Jacquard machine was employed in nearly all kinds of weaving. The result proved that the fears of the workpeople had been entirely unfounded. Instead of diminishing employment, the Jacquard loom increased it at least tenfold. The number of persons occupied in the manufacture of figured goods in Lyons, was stated by M. Leon Faucher to have been 60,000 in 1833; and that number has since been considerably increased.

As for Jacquard himself, the rest of his life passed peacefully, excepting that the workpeople who dragged him along the quay to drown him were shortly after found eager to bear him in triumph along the same route in celebration of his birthday. But his modesty would not permit him to take part in such a demonstration. The Municipal Council of Lyons proposed to him that he should devote himself to improving his machine for the benefit of the local industry, to which Jacquard agreed in consideration of a moderate pension, the amount of which was fixed by himself. After perfecting his invention accordingly, he retired at sixty to end his days at Oullins, his father's native place. It was there that he received, in 1820, the decoration of the Legion of Honour; and it was there that he died and was buried in 1834. A statue was erected to his memory, but his relatives remained in poverty; and twenty


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MARYLLIS. . Class 6,. Order:. Gardeners say that the amaryllis, of which there are numerous varieties, is a proud plant, because it frequently refuses its flowers to their most earnest cares. The Guernsey lily is a charming flower, and closely resembles the tuberose in appearance and size; it is of a cherry red colour, and, when the sun shines upon it, it seems studded with gems of gold. The name of this plant is derived from a Greek word, which has been not inappropriately translated, by, as significant of splendour, and perhaps we have no flowering plant more beautifully gay than the amaryllis.

title: Page:Floras Lexicon-1840.djvu/33


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Page:The life and opinions of Tristram Shandy (Volume 8).pdf/21

 —If I was you, quoth Yorick, I would drink more water, Eugenius.—And, if I was you, Yorick, replied Eugenius, so would I.

Which shews they had both read Longinus

For my own part, I am resolved never to read any book but my own, as long as I live.


text: The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman/Volume 8/Chapter 5


text: Flora's Lexicon/Amaryllis

title: Flora's Lexicon/Amaryllis


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Wish my uncle Toby had been a water-drinker; for then the thing had been accounted for, That the first moment Widow Wadman saw him, she felt something stirring within her in his favour—Something!—something.

—Something perhaps more than friendship—less than love—something—no matter what—no matter where—I would not give a single hair off my mule's tail, and be obliged to pluck it off myself (indeed the villain has not many to spare, and is not a little vicious into the bargain) to be let by your worships into the secret


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 But the truth is, my uncle Toby was not a water-drinker; he drank it neither pure nor mix'd, or any how, or any where, except fortuitously upon some advanced posts, where better liquor was not to be had—or during the time he was under cure; when the surgeon telling him it would extend the fibres, and bring them sooner into contact—my uncle Toby drank it for quietness sake.

Now as all the world knows, that no effect in nature can be produced without a cause and as it is as well known, that my uncle Toby, was neither a weaver—a gardener, or a gladiator—unless as a captain, you will needs have him one—but then he was only a captain of foot—and besides the whole is an equivocation—There is nothing left for us to sup-


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22

There sat Pohjola’s great Master,

At the end of the long table,

And from thence he made his answer,

In the very words which follow:

“Perhaps there is within this dwelling,

Standing room for your fine courser,

Nor would I indeed forbid you

In the room a quiet corner,

Or to stand within the doorway,

In the doorway, ’neath the rafters,

In the space between two kettles,

There where three large hoes are standing.”

Then the lively Lemminkainen

Tore his black beard in his anger,

(’Twas the colour of a kettle),

And he spoke the words which follow:

“Lempo might perchance be willing,

Thus to stand within the doorway,

Where he might with soot be dirtied,

While the soot falls all around him!

But at no time did my father,

Never did my aged father

Ever stand in such a station,

In the doorway, ’neath the rafters!

There was always room sufficient

For his horse within the stable,

And a clean room for the hero,

And a place to put his gloves in,

Pegs whereon to hang his mittens,

Walls where swords may rest in order.

Why should I not also find it,

As my father always found it?”

After this he strode on further,

To the end of the long table,

At the bench-end then he sat him,

At the end of bench of firwood,

And the bench it cracked beneath him,

And the bench of firwood tottered.

Said the lively Lemminkainen,

“Seems to me that I’m unwelcome,

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 pose, but that my uncle Toby's leg—but that will avail us little in the present hypothesis, unless it had proceeded from some ailment in the foot—whereas his leg was not emaciated from any disorder in his foot—for my uncle Toby's leg was not emaciated at all. It was a little stiff and awkward, from a total disuse of it, for the three years he lay confined at my father's house in town; but it was plump and muscular, and in all other respects as good and promising a leg as the other.

I declare, I do not recollect any one opinion or passage of my life, where my understanding was more at a loss to make ends meet, and torture the chapter I had been writing, to the service of the chapter following it, than in the present case: one would think I took a pleasure in run-


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 ing into difficulties of this kind, merely to make fresh experiments of getting out of 'em—Inconsiderate soul that thou art! What! are not the unavoidable distresses with which, as an author and a man, thou art hemm'd in on every side of thee—are they, Tristram, not sufficient, but thou must entangle thyself still more?

Is it not enough that thou art in debt, and that thou hast ten cart-loads of thy fifth and sixth volumes still—still unsold, and art almost at thy wit's ends, how to get them off thy hands.

To this hour art thou not tormented with the vile asthma thou gattest in skating against the wind in Flanders? and is it but two months ago, that in a


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 fit of laughter, on seeing a cardinal make water like a quirister (with both hands) thou brakest a vessel in thy lungs, whereby, in two hours, thou lost as many quarts of blood; and hadst thou lost as much more, did not the faculty tell thee—it would have amounted to a gallon?

—But for heaven's sake, let us not talk of quarts or gallons—let us take the story straight before us; it is so nice and intricate a one, it will scarce bear the transposition of a single tittle; and some how or other, you have got me thrust almost into the middle of it—

—I beg we may take more care.


text: The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman/Volume 8/Chapter 6


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MERICAN ELM. . Class 5,. Order:. The American Elm is found in all parts of the United States, but thrives best between the forty-second and forty-sixth degrees of north latitude. The wood is inferior to the European, and as it is in consequence not very well adapted to practical purposes, its uses are few and unimportant.

title: Page:Floras Lexicon-1840.djvu/34


text: Flora's Lexicon/American Elm

title: Flora's Lexicon/American Elm


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Page:The Necromancer, or, The Tale of the Black Forest Vol. 2.djvu/121

 "An healthy well-made man of my age had no need to be uneasy about getting into the service of any foreign power. I had taken a liking to the life of a soldier, and found soon an opportunity of enlisting under the banners of Austria."

"A few days after I had began my peregrination, I met with a recruiting officer of that country, who proposed me to enter into the Austrian service, but, being grown wiser by experience, I at first feigned to dislike the military profession, and succeeded so well, that the officer at last threw a hundred ducats upon the table, assuring me, upon his salvation, that he never had paid such a price to a recruit."

"Now I thought it high time to strain the strings a little lower, agreed to his terms, and told him, that I had been serjeant in the Hn service: Having given him a specimen of my skill in penmanship, I requested him to recommend me to his commanding officer:


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 He promised it and was as good as his word. The general received me exceeding well, and I occupied my former post, as serjeant, before a year was elapsed."

Having been sent away with disgrace from H, I had taken a firm resolution to abstain in future from all fraudulent juggling tricks, and kept my resolution firmly a long while, behaving eight years as it meets a good soldier."

"I abstained entirely from art and fraud, minded my duty, and thus ingratiated myself with my superiors to such a degree, that I kept firmly my ground in spite of many complaints which afterwards were made against An unhappy accident induced me to have recourse again to my former juggling tricks, and thus to acquire once more the title of a Necromancer."

"I will tell you all the particulars of that adventure, in order to enliven a little my te-


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 dious narrative, and to convince you, that nothing but necessity could tempt me to engage once more in rogueries, which already had destroyed my fortune once, and deprived me of my good character and an honorable employment."

"I was quartered in a house that was said to be haunted: It was rumoured about, that time out of mind it had been haunted by a spirit, who disturbed the tranquillity of the inhabitants, though he never had injured any body: He had now, for about six months, alarmed very much the people that lived in the house, and the report of that extraordinary perturbance had caused such a general fear that most of the rooms were unoccupied."

"Tempted by the cheapness of the lodgings, and desirous to get at the bottom of the alarming apparitions, which had given so much uneasiness to the inhabitants of that house, I went to the owner, and agreed with


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Runo XXVII]

As no ale is offered to me,

To the guest who just has entered.”

Ilpotar, the noble Mistress,

Answered in the words which follow:

“O thou boy, O Lemminkainen,

Not as guest thou com’st among us,

But upon my head to trample,

And to make it bow before you,

For our ale is still in barley,

Still in malt the drink delicious,

And the wheatbread still unbaken,

And unboiled the meat remaineth.

Yesternight you should have entered,

Or perchance have come to-morrow.”

Then the lively Lemminkainen,

Twisted mouth and turned his head round,

Tore his black beard in his anger,

And he spoke the words which follow:

“Eaten is the feast already,

Finished feast, and drunk the bride-ale,

And the ale has been divided,

To the men the mead been given,

And the cans away been carried,

And the pint-pots laid in storage.

“Pohjola’s illustrious Mistress,

Long-toothed Mistress of Pimentola,

Thou hast held the wedding badly,

And in doggish fashion held it,

Baked the bread in loaves enormous,

Thou hast brewed the beer of barley,

Six times sent thy invitations,

Nine times hast thou sent a summons,

Thou hast asked the poor, the spectres,

Asked the scum, and asked the wastrels,

Asked the leanest of the loafers,

Labourers with one garment only;

All folks else thou hast invited,

Me rejected uninvited.

“Wherefore should I thus be treated,

When I sent myself the barley?

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 him to pay five dollars a year for the best room; I instantly took possession of my apartment, and, to my greatest surprise, perceived a long while not the least trace of any supernatural inhabitant."

"My landlord always disappointed my inquiries by vague ambiguous answers, and his daughter, who, as it was rumoured, had suffered most from the dreadful apparition, replied with nothing but a deep sigh, when I interrogated her about the nocturnal phantom."

"That girl had attracted my attention in a high degree, as soon as I had seen her, being adorned with charms which conquered every heart almost irresistibly, because she seemed to be entirely unconscious of their winning powers. Her face was rather pale, her constitution weak and sickly, and although she could not be called a beauty, yet I thought her very amiable, and more bewitching than any woman my eyes had ever beheld; I never


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24

Others brought it by the spoonful,

Others poured it out by dishfuls,

But I poured it out in bushels,

By the half-ton out I poured it,

Of my own, the best of barley,

Corn which I had sown aforetime.

“’Tis not now that Lemminkainen,

Is a guest of great distinction,

For no ale is offered to me,

Nor the pot set on the fire.

In the pot is nothing cooking,

Not a pound of pork you give me,

Neither food nor drink you give me,

Now my weary journey’s ended.”

Ilpotar, the noble Mistress,

Uttered then the words which follow:

“O my little waiting-maiden,

O my ever-ready servant,

Put into the pot some dinner,

Bring some ale to give the stranger.”

Then the girl, the child so wretched,

Washed the worst of all the dishes,

And the spoons she then was wiping,

And the ladles she was scouring,

Then into the pot put dinner,

Bones of meat, and heads of fishes,

Very ancient stalks of turnips,

Crusts of bread of stony hardness,

And a pint of ale she brought him,

And a can of filthy victuals,

Gave it lively Lemminkainen

That he should drink out the refuse,

And she spoke the words which follow:

“If you are indeed a hero,

Can you drink the ale I bring you,

Nor upset the can that holds it?”

Lemminkainen, youth so lively,

Looked at once into the pint-pot,

And below a worm was creeping,

In the midst there crept a serpent,

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 had tasted the heavenly bliss of innocent virtuous love, before my thirty-ninth year; but I must confess this girl had infused into my heart, at first sight, sensations I had always been an utter stranger to."

"Helen, this was her name, her father and myself, occupied the first floor of the haunted house, and the second floor was inhabited by a young secretary; all the other rooms, a back parlour, on the ground floor, where the servants lived excepted, were unoccupied."

"The secretary seemed to have no concern for what was passing around him, his whole attention being engaged by his writings, and I happened only now and then to see him in the company of my landlord and his fair daughter, whom he treated as utter strangers: However I watched my opportunity better than him, and was never so happy as when I could spend a few hours in conversation with the charming maid: I al-


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 SPECIAL AFTERWORD to the Loompanics Edition of Principia Discordia G.H. Hill, San Francisco, 1979 All Rites Reversed Ⓚ Reprint What You Like

INTERVIEW WITH NORTON CABAL

by Gypsie Skripto, Special Correspondent

It has been ten years since I met the mysterious Malaclypse the Younger. I was free lancing for the underground papers and went by POEE Head Temple at 555 Battery Street to try for an interview.

I found him in the Temple PO Box busy wrapping up the new Fourth Edition of Principia. He seemed impatient with me, insisting that he didn't have the time or inclination for foolish questions from reporters. Undaunted, I burst out with questions like whether he preferred Panama Red or Acapulco Gold and how the fuck did we manage to fit inside of a tiny post office box and other things apropos a naive young semiliterate dropout hippy writer. He asked me if I wanted to drop mescaline and fuck all night and said he knew how to turn himself into a unicorn and there might be room for a tiny interview on the cover of the Principia if I wanted to work for the Greater Poop so I said sure, OK, I've never dropped mescaline in a post office box before.

It turned out I was among the last to see Malaclypse. As subsequent issues of Greater Poop revealed, he was to disappear and POEE business was to be assumed by his students at Norton Cabal. Professor Ignotum P. Ignotius, Department of Comparative Realities, was assigned the Trust of the POEE Scruple and Rev. Dr. Occupant became Keeper of the Box. The newly published copies of Principia were distributed by Mad Malik, Block Disorganizer, who had distribution contacts with the Aluminum Bavariati. Practical relations remained in the hands of concept artist G. Hill.

When the 1000 Principias were gone the Greater Poop stopped publishing, Head Temple closed down and the Cabal just seemed to evaporate. Finally even the box was closed. But over the years I noticed that copies were still circulating, and that independent Discordian Cabals would occasionally pop out of nowhere (and still do). And I would wonder what ever happened to Malaclypse.

When I read the Illuminatus trilogy I resolved to again find and interview the denizens of Joshua Norton Cabal of the Discordian Society.


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 "Yes, I see it; but they will see me crossing the grass to get there."

"Look, look!" She could hardly speak. "There is a way out from the top of it; they would kill me if I told it. Oh, here they come, I can see them!"

The little maid turned as white as the snow which hung on the rocks above her, and she looked at the water and then at me, and she cried, "Oh dear! oh dear!" And then she began to sob aloud, being so young and unready. But I drew her behind the withy-bushes, and close down to the water, where it was quiet and shelving deep, ere it came to the lip of the chasm. Here they could not see either of us from the upper valley, and might have sought a long time for us, even when they came quite near, if the trees had been clad with their summer-clothes. Luckily I had picked up my fish and taken my three-pronged fork away.

Crouching in that hollow nest, as children get together in ever so little compass, I saw a dozen fierce men come down, on the other side of the water, not bearing any firearms, but looking lax and jovial, as if they were come from riding and a dinner taken hungrily. "Queen, queen!" they were shouting, here and there, and now and then: "where the pest is our little queen gone?"

"They always call me 'queen,' and I am to be queen by and by," Lorna whispered to me, with her soft cheek on my rough one, and her little heart beating against me: "oh, they are crossing by the timber there, and then they are sure to see us."


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As I cabled over Nob to San Francisco's Station 'O' Post Office I couldn't help but wonder at Goddess' hand in assigning street addresses to Her outposts. Mal² had told me that Good Lord Omar always filed everything under "O" for Out Of  File.

"Maya is marvelous" I was thinking when I rapped on the little metal door and was greeted warmly by a huge beard who introduced himself as Professor Ignotius. He ushered me into a spacious wood paneled and tapestry hung parlor where three others were laughing and passing around a wine jug. The sunny one in a tunic was the Reverend Doctor Occupant, the trim khaki and jeans was Mad Malik and the wine jug claimed to be Hill. I got the recorder on….

GYPSIE SKRIPTO [in response to a question]: …1969 but only briefly. I guess I missed you guys.

MAD MALIK: No wonder, he was pretty much a one man show then. We were just his students and were usually off on errands. You worked for the Poop ?

Gypsie: Well, for one night anyway. The interview is in the Principia.

REV. DR. OCCUPANT: Malik was the only one he would ever let write for the Poop or get on the letterhead.

Gypsie: Did you [Malik] have higher authority than the others?

Malik: No, [but I was allowed to speak in the Poop ] because [Malaclypse the Younger] hated politics. He was infuriated with Johnson and Nixon over Viet Nam because it was turning the renaissance into a political revolution and was stealing his sacred thunder. So he trained me in Zenarchy, which he learned from Omar, and I was the official anarcho-pacifist for the Cabal. Also I was liaison to The Ancient Illuminated Seers of Bavaria, the Chicago Discordians. Later Omar activated the Hung Mung Cong Tong and ELF, on zenarchist principles, and also Operation Mindfuck. I was also into those. Though at the time I was masquerading in Greater Poop as a cremated cabbage to throw off the FBI.

Gypsie [to Hill]: Since you wrote it, I take it you are an anarchist?


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 "Stop," said I; "now I see what to do. I must get into the water, and you must go to sleep."

"To be sure, yes, away in the meadow there. But how bitter cold it will be for you!"

She saw in a moment the way to do it, sooner than I could tell her; and there was no time to lose.

"Now mind you never come again," she whispered over her shoulder, as she crept away with a childish twist, hiding her white front from me; "only I shall come sometimes—oh, here they are, Madonna!"

Daring scarce to peep, I crept into the water, and lay down bodily in it, with my head between two blocks of stone, and some flood-drift combing over me. The dusk was deepening between the hills, and a white mist lay on the river; but I, being in the channel of it, could see every ripple, and twig, and rush, and glazing of twilight above it, as bright as in a picture; so that to my ignorance there seemed no chance at all but what the men must find me. For all this time they were shouting, and swearing, and keeping such a hallabaloo, that the rocks all round the valley rang, and my heart quaked, so (what with this and the cold) that the water began to gurgle round me, and to lap upon the pebbles.

Neither in truth did I try to stop it, being now so desperate, between the fear and the wretchedness; till I caught a glimpse of the little maid, whose beauty and whose kindliness had made me yearn to be with her. And then I knew that for her sake I was bound to be brave and hide myself. She was lying beneath


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Page:Principia Discordia (Loompanics Unlimited edition).pdf/5

We are proud to present the second Loompanics printing of the legendary underground classic PRINCIPIA DISCORDIA, the bible of Discordianism. Discordianism, based on worship of Eris, the Greek goddess of chaos and confusion, was invented by Kerry Thornley (Omar Khayyam Ravenhurst) and Greg Hill (Malaclypse the Younger).

PRINCIPIA DISCORDIA was written by Hill, and included material by Thornley. This strange and relevant religion has captured the hearts and minds of many people, and Loompanics Unlimited is proud to keep it in print.

For this new printing, we have added a never-before-published Introduction by Robert Anton Wilson, one of Discordianism's greatest prophets, as well as a brand new (never-before-published) Afterword by Greg Hill, the original author. Also included is the never-before-published "Fifth Edition," and a Greg Hill collage (also previously unpublished).

Those interested in learning more about the history and development of this unusual religion are advised to consult Robert Anton Wilson's COSMIC TRIGGER (And/Or Press, Berkeley, 1977).

And now: On with PRINCIPIA DISCORDIA!!!


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FIRST: A new Introduction by Robert Anton Wilson -- never published anywhere before!

SECOND: The Fourth printing (Rip-Off Press, San Francisco, 1970) is reproduced exactly, cover to cover -- printed from the original paste-ups!

THIRD: A New Afterword by Greg Hill -- never published anywhere before!

FOURTH: The "5th Edition" -- never published before!

FIFTH: A never-before-published collage by Malaclypse The Younger.


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You hold in your hands one of the Great Books of our century fnord.

Some Great Books are recognized at once with a fusillade of critical huzzahs and gonfolons, like Joyce's Ulysses. Others appear almost furtively and are only discovered 50 years later, like Moby Dick or Mendel's great essay on genetics. The Principia Discordia entered our space-time continuum almost as unobtrusively as a cat-burglar creeping over a windowsill.

In 1968, virtually nobody had heard of this wonderful book. In 1970, hundreds of people from coast to coast were talking about it and asking the identity of the mysterious author, Malaclypse the Younger. Rumors swept across the continent, from New York to Los Angeles, from Seattle to St. Joe. Malaclypse was actually Alan Watts, one heard. No, said another legend — the Principia was actually the work of the Sufi Order. A third, very intriguing myth held that Malaclypse was a pen-name for Richard M. Nixon, who had allegedly composed the Principia during a few moments of lucidity. I enjoyed each of these yarns and did my part to help spread them. I was also careful never to contradict the occasional rumors that I had actually written the whole thing myself during an acid trip.

The legendry, the mystery, the cult grew slowly. By the mid-1970's, thousands of people, some as far off as Hong Kong and Australia, were talking about the Principia, and since the original was out of print by then, xerox copies were beginning to circulate here and there.

When the Illuminatus trilogy appeared in 1975, my co-author, Bob Shea, and I both received hundreds of


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Runo XXVII]

On the edge were serpents creeping,

Lizards also there were gliding.

Said the lively Lemminkainen,

Loudly grumbled Kaukomieli,

“Off to Tuonela the bearer,

Quick to Manala the handmaid,

Ere the moon again has risen,

Or this very day is ended!”

Afterwards these words he added,

“O thou beer, thou drink so nasty,

In an evil hour concocted,

Evil only lurks within thee!

Notwithstanding I will drink it,

On the ground will cast the refuse,

With my nameless finger lift it,

With my left thumb will I lift it.”

Then he felt into his pocket,

And within his pouch was searching,

Took an angle from his pocket,

Iron hooks from out his satchel,

Dropped it down into the pint-pot,

In the ale began to angle,

Hooked the snakes upon his fish-hooks,

On his hooks the evil vipers,

Up he drew of toads a hundred,

And of dusky snakes a thousand.

Down upon the ground he threw them,

Threw them all upon the planking,

Thereupon a sharp knife taking,

From the sheath he quickly drew it,

Cut the heads from off the serpents,

Broke the necks of all the serpents.

Then he drank the ale with gusto,

Drank the black mead with enjoyment,

And he spoke the words which follow:

“As a guest I am not honoured,

Since no ale was brought unto me

Which was better worth my drinking,

Offered me by hands more careful,

In a larger vessel brought me;

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 letters from people intrigued by the quotes from the Principia with which we had decorated the heads of several chapters. Many, who had already heard of the Principia or seen copies, asked if Shea and I had written it, or if we had copies available. Others wrote to ask if it were real, or just something we had invented the way H.P. Lovecraft invented the Necronomicon. We answered according to our moods, sometimes telling the truth, sometimes spreading the most Godawful lies and myths we could devise fnord.

Why not? We felt that this book was a true Classic (literatus immortalis) and, since the alleged intelligentsia had not yet discovered it, the best way to keep its legend alive was to encourage the mythology and the controversy about it. Increasingly, people wrote to ask me if Timothy Leary had written it, and I almost always told them he had, except on Fridays when I am more whimsical, in which case I told them it had been transmitted by a canine intelligence — vast, cool and unsympathetic — from the Dog star, Sirius.

Now, at last, the truth can be told.

Actually, the Principia is the work of a time-travelling anthropologist from the 23rd Century. He is currently passing among us as a computer specialist, bon vivant and philosopher named Gregory Hill. He has also translated several volumes of Etruscan erotic poetry, under another pen-name, and in the 18th Century was the mysterious Man in Black who gave Jefferson the design for the Great Seal of the United States.

I have it on good authority that he is one of the most accomplished time-travellers in the galaxy and has visited Earth many times in the past, using such cover identities as Zeno of Elias, Emperor Norton, Count Cagliostro, Guillaume of Aquitaine, etc. Whenever question him about this, he grows very evasive and attempts to persuade me that he is actually just another 20th Century Earthman and that all my ideas about his


text:
Talk:Russian Wonder Tales

Dutch Translation has 4 chapters more thant this Wikisoure version
The title of the Dutch version is "Sprookjes uit het oude Rusland".

It is a translation of the third revised edition of Russian Wonder Tales. It was published with permission from the US publisher The Beechhurst Press, The Dutch publisher is Uitgeverij Oisterwijk Translated by Johan van Keulen, Illustrated by W, F, Dupont

The names of the four chapters are:

De taal van de Vogels

Tsaar Morskoj De heerser der zee

De berg van wit zand

De tweelingbroeders

Translation by Google gives:

The Language of the Birds

Tsar Morskoy The ruler of the sea

The mountain of white sand

The twin brothers

Written by AmsterdamReader (talk) 11:54, 27 January 2024 (UTC)

 * Different editors and different translators may choose to include or omit portions. When A Clockwork Orange was published in the United States, the US publisher decided to leave out the last chapter.  When Herfsttij der Middeleeuwen was first published in English, large parts of the text were stripped of their references, and these were only included when the book was re-translated in 2020.  For Russian Wonder Tales, we have presented the English translation made by George Post Wheeler in 1912.  You can take a look at the original scan and see that all published parts of the English translation are included here.  There may be other Russian editions, other Dutch translations, and other English translations that are different, but our copy of the 1912 translation into English is complete. --EncycloPetey (talk) 15:47, 27 January 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Russian Wonder Tales


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Page:Kalevala (Kirby 1907) v2.djvu/38

26

Since no sheep was slaughtered for me,

No gigantic steer was slaughtered,

In the hall no ox they brought me,

From the house of hoofed cattle.”

Then did Pohjola’s great Master,

Answer in the words which follow:

“Wherefore have you then come hither,

Who invited you among us?”

Answered lively Lemminkainen,

Said the handsome Kaukomieli:

“Good is perhaps the guest invited,

Better still if uninvited.

Hearken then, thou son of Pohja,

Pohjola’s illustrious Master,

Give me ale for cash directly,

Reach me here some drink for money.”

Then did Pohjola’s great Master,

Angry grow and greatly furious,

Very furious and indignant,

Sang a pond upon the flooring,

In the front of Lemminkainen,

And he said the words which follow:

“Here’s a river you may drink of,

Here’s a pond that you may splash in.”

Little troubled Lemminkainen,

And he spoke the words which follow:

“I’m no calf by women driven,

Nor a bull with tail behind me,

That I drink of river-water,

Or from filthy ponds the water.”

Then himself began to conjure,

And himself commenced his singing,

Sang upon the floor a bullock,

Mighty ox with horns all golden,

And he soon drank up the puddle,

Drank the river up with pleasure.

But the mighty son of Pohja,

By his spells a wolf created,

And upon the floor he sang him,

To devour the fleshy bullock.

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 extraterrestrial and extratemporal origin are delusions. Hah! I am not that easily deceived. After all, a time-travelling anthropologist would say just that, so that he could observe us without his presence causing culture-shock.

I understand that he has consented to write an Afterword to this edition. He'll probably contradict everything I’ve told you, but don’t believe a word he says fnord. He is a master of the deadpan put-on, the plausible satire, the philosophical leg-pull and all branches of guerilla ontology.

For full benefit to the Head, this book should be read in conjunction with The Illuminoids by Neal Wilgus (Sun Press, Albuquerque, New Mexico) and Zen Without Zen Masters by Camden Benares (And/Or Press, Berkeley, California). “We are operating on many levels here”, as Ken Kesey used to Say.

In conclusion, there is no conclusion. Things will go on as they always have, getting weirder all the time.

Hail Eris. All hail Discordia. Fnord?


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MERICAN LINDEN, or BASS-WOOD. . Class 13,. Order:. The American Linden, or Bass-wood, is a lofty tree, but the wood is not extensively used. We have two other species, in the south and west, whose wood possesses similar properties, and is likewise little employed.

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text: Flora's Lexicon/American Linden

title: Flora's Lexicon/American Linden


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Page:Kalevala (Kirby 1907) v2.djvu/39

Runo XXVII]

Lemminkainen, youth so lively,

Sang a white hare to his presence,

And upon the floor ’twas leaping,

Near the wolf-jaws widely opened.

But the mighty son of Pohja,

Sang a dog with pointed muzzle;

And the dog the hare devoured,

Rent the Squint-eye into fragments.

Lemminkainen, youth so lively,

On the rafters sang a squirrel,

And it frolicked on the rafters,

And the dog was barking at it.

But the mighty son of Pohja,

Sang a golden-breasted marten,

And the marten seized the squirrel,

On the rafter’s end while sitting.

Lemminkainen, youth so lively,

Sang a fox cf ruddy colour,

And it killed the gold-breast marten,

And destroyed the handsome-haired one.

But the mighty son of Pohja

By his spells a hen created,

And upon the ground ’twas walking,

Just before the fox’s muzzle.

Lemminkainen, youth so lively,

Thereupon a hawk created,

Quickly with its claws it seized it,

And it tore the hen to pieces.

Then said Pohjola’s great Master,

In the very words which follow:

“Better will not be the banquet,

Nor the guest-provision lessened.

House for work, the road for strangers,

Unrefreshed from the carousal!

Quit this place, O scamp of Hiisi,

Haste away from all folks’ knowledge,

To thy home, O toad the basest,

Forth, O scoundrel, to thy country!”

Answered lively Lemminkainen,

Said the handsome Kaukomieli,

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28

“None would let himself be banished,

Not a man, how bad soever,

From this place be ever driven,

Forced to fly from such a station.”

Then did Pohjola’s great Master,

Snatch his sword from wall where hanging,

Grasped in haste the sharpened weapon,

And he spoke the words which follow:

“O thou Ahti Saarelainen,

Or thou handsome Kaukomieli,

Let us match our swords together,

Match the glitter of the sword-blades,

Whether my sword is the better,

Or is Ahti Saarelainen’s.”

Said the lively Lemminkainen,

“Little of my sword is left me,

For on bones it has been shattered,

And on skulls completely broken!

But let this be as it may be,

If no better feast is ready,

Let us struggle, and determine

Which of our two swords is favoured.

Ne’er in former times my father

In a duel has been worsted,

Why should then his son be different,

Or his child be like a baby?”

Sword he took, and bared his sword-blade,

And he drew his sharp-edged weapon,

Drew it from the leather scabbard,

Hanging at his belt of lambskin.

Then they measured and inspected

Which of their two swords was longer,

And a very little longer,

Was the sword of Pohja’s Master,

As upon the nail the blackness,

Or a half-joint of a finger.

Spoke then Ahti Saarelainen,

Said the handsome Kaukomieli,

“As your sword is rather longer,

Let the first attack be yours.”

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MERICAN ARBOR-VITÆ. , Class 21,. Order:. The American Arbor-vitæ is found in the same region as the spruces, where it is called White Cedar; and indeed it much resembles in its appearance the, or genuine White Cedar. It grows to the height of 50 or 60 feet, with the trunk 10 or 15 inches in diameter, and is now planted for ornament in all parts of the Union. The wood is soft, fine-grained, and is highly esteemed for its durability; but it is difficult to procure stalks of any considerable length with a uniform diameter.

title: Page:Floras Lexicon-1840.djvu/36


text: Flora's Lexicon/American Arbor-vitæ

title: Flora's Lexicon/American Arbor-vitæ


text:
File:The House at Pooh Corner (1961) (page 141 crop).jpg

Summary
A 1961 printing of the 1928 books. Re-upload with proper capitalization in title.


text:
File:The House at Pooh Corner (1961) (page 142 crop).jpg

Summary
A 1961 printing of the 1928 books. Re-upload with proper capitalization in title.


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Page:Principia Discordia (Loompanics Unlimited edition).pdf/95

 G.H. Hill: Since then I have given up anarchy. Too many rules -- hating the government and all that stuff.

IGNOTUM PER IGNOTIUS: It's like hating your own fantasies.

Malik: [Anarchy] is also standing up and proceeding forward, fantasy rule or not. The condition is the same.

Occupant: Brother needs some wine!

Malik: We have had this argument before, Reverend Doctor Brother. But wine before platitudes, fill it up.

Gypsie [to Hill]: And pacifism?

Hill: I'm not sure I ever was one. Mal2 was not, Malik was. Personally I accepted self defense yet I could never reconcile that with the ideal. I finally gave up on that one too. Actually I just gave up on idealism.

Ignotius: Idealism lives with rules. Realism lives with rocks.

Hill: Yeah. I get along better with rocks.

Malik: Mal2 once told me that pacifism was a dilemma. If everybody was a pacifist then everything would be perfect. But nobody is going to be a pacifist unless I am first. But if I am and somebody else is not, then I get screwed. He said that there were five choices under that circumstance. The first was napalming farmers and the second was executing your parents. The third was hypocrisy, the fourth was cowardice, and the fifth was to swallow the dilemma. Zenarchists are trained in dilemma swallowing.

Occupant: So are other Erisians, like POEE.

Ignotius: That is characteristic of the Discordian perspective.

Hill: But of course training contradicts Discordian principles.

Malik: Oh so what. Contradictions are nothing to Discordians.

Occupant: Dilemma, Schlimemma. [to Gypsie]: What do you think of this, pretty ma'am? We don't get to hear your thoughts.

Gypsie: I'm reporting now, you talk.

Occupant: Later then?


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NEMONE. . Class 13, Order:. was a nymph beloved by Zephyr. Flora, being jealous, banished her from her court, and changed her into a flower, which always opens at the return of spring. Zephyr had abandoned this unfortunate beauty to the rude caresses of Boreas, who, unable to gain her love, agitates her until her blossoms are half open, and then causes her immediately to fade. An anemone, with this motto, “Brevis est usus,”—*“Her reign is short,” admirably expresses the rapid decline of beauty.

title: Page:Floras Lexicon-1840.djvu/37


text:
File:The House at Pooh Corner (1961) (page 143 crop).jpg

Summary
A 1961 printing of the 1928 books. Re-upload with proper capitalization in title.


text: Flora's Lexicon/Anemone

title: Flora's Lexicon/Anemone


text:
Page:Kalevala (Kirby 1907) v2.djvu/41

Runo XXVII]

Then did Pohjola’s great Master,

Aim a blow, and tried to strike him,

Aimed his sword, but never struck it,

On the head of Lemminkainen.

Once indeed he struck the rafters,

And the beams resounded loudly,

And across the beam was shattered,

And the arch in twain was broken.

Then spoke Ahti Saarelainen,

Said the handsome Kaukomieli:

“Well, what mischief did the rafters,

And what harm the beam effected,

That you thus attack the rafters,

And have made the arch to rattle?

“Hear me, son of Pohja’s country,

Pohjola’s illustrious Master,

Awkward ’tis in room to combat,

Trouble would it give the women,

If the clean room should be damaged,

And with blood denied the flooring.

Let us go into the courtyard,

In the field outside to battle,

On the grass outside to combat.

In the yard the blood looks better,

In the yard it looks more lovely,

On the snow it looks much better.”

Out into the yard they wandered,

And they found therein a cowhide,

And they spread it in the courtyard,

And they took their stand upon it.

Then said Ahti Saarelainen,

“Hearken, O thou son of Pohja!

As your sword is rather longer,

And your sword is more terrific,

Perhaps indeed you need to use it,

Just before your own departure,

Or before your neck is broken.

Strike away, O son of Pohja.”

Fenced away the son of Pohja,

Struck a blow, and struck a second,

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On the Continent, according both to Beissner and to the late Prof. Carl Hansen, whose "Pinetum Danicum," published in the Journal of the Royal Horticultural Society for 1892, is a valuable contribution to our literature, a variety (speciosa) occurs in cultivation, which is light blue in colour and very decorative. It differs from the ordinary form in being slower in growth and in having leaves, which are shorter, stiffer, and more sharply pointed.

According to Sargent, this spruce extends farther north-west than any other North American conifer, being found in long. 151° west on the east end of Kadiak island, and all through the coast region of Alaska and British Columbia, west Washington and Oregon, and as far south as Caspar in Mendocino County, California.

In the north it is a small tree, sometimes only a bush, but on the coast of south-east Alaska is the largest and most abundant tree, and grows in company with the western hemlock. Here it attains over 100 feet in height, and ascends the mountains to about 3000 feet.

In the south of British Columbia it is larger in size, but in Vancouver's Island it did not seem common, and was not a conspicuous tree in the south-east parts of the island which I visited.

In Washington it grows to a very large size, and I measured one in swampy ground near a logging camp in the White River valley which was 23 feet in girth at 6 feet from the ground, and appeared to be 3 to 4 feet in diameter at the place where it was broken off at about 120 feet from the ground.

Prof Sheldon, in a pamphlet on The Forest Wealth of Oregon, calls it the largest tree in the state, growing 200 to 300 feet high, and has figured as the frontispiece of this paper what he calls the largest Tideland spruce in the world. This tree grew on the coast in God's Valley, on the North Nehalem River, Clatsop County, Oregon, and measured 30 feet 11½ inches in diameter at 2 feet from the ground, and 20 feet 4½ inches at 6 feet from the ground.

He states that it is distinctly a moisture-loving tree, and in the extensive coast belt forest which it forms is an ideal lumber tree, free from limbs for a great part of its height.

It is not mentioned as growing in the great forest reserve of the Cascade Range, and, according to Sheldon, extends southwards along the coast as far as Curry County. In northern California it grows on rich alluvial plains at the mouths of rivers, or in low valleys facing the ocean, where it is associated with Sequoia sempervirens and Abies grandis, and thus may be said to be almost strictly confined to a region where there is perennial moisture in the air, and an annual rainfall of 50 inches and upwards.


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30

And he struck a third blow after,

But he could not strike him fairly,

Could not scratch the flesh upon him,

From his skin a single bristle.

Then spoke Ahti Saarelainen,

Said the handsome Kaukomieli,

“Give me leave to try a little,

For at last my time is coming.”

Natheless Pohjola’s great Master,

Did not pay the least attention,

Striking on, without reflection,

Ever striking, never hitting.

From his sword-blade flashed red fire,

And its edge was always gleaming

In the hands of Lemminkainen,

And the sheen extended further,

As against the neck he turned it,

Of the mighty son of Pohja.

Said the handsome Lemminkainen,

“Hearken, Pohjola’s great Master,

True it is, thy neck so wretched,

Is as red as dawn of morning.”

Thereupon the son of Pohja,

He, the mighty lord of Pohja,

Bent his eyes that he might witness

How his own neck had been reddened.

Then the lively Lemminkainen,

Hurriedly a stroke delivered,

With his sword he struck the hero,

Quickly with the sword he struck him.

Full and fair he struck the hero,

Struck his head from off his shoulders,

And the skull from neck he severed,

As from off the stalk a turnip,

Or an ear of corn is severed,

From a fish a fin divided.

In the yard the head went rolling,

And the skull in the enclosure,

As when it is struck by arrow

Falls, the capercail from tree-top.

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Page:TheTreesOfGreatBritainAndIreland vol01.djvu/123

 "The plantation occurs at an altitude of 700 to 800 feet, the aspect being northerly, soil a sandy peat over boulder clay. The age of the plantation is twentyfive years; but there is no record either as to the number of the plants put out or the age when planted. They were, however, notched in, and their age would most probably be four years. They were planted rather irregularly, the distance varying from 6 to 9 feet, and both common spruce and Scots fir have been used to fill up between, to 3 feet between each plant. The average height of the Sitka trees is about 33 feet; and the girth at 5 feet taken at random is (where they had been planted 9 feet apart), 24 in., 22 in., 20 in., 25 in., 22 in., 22 in., 28 in., 22 in., 26 in., 25 in. The largest common spruces I could find on the same ground measured 9 in., 8 in., 11 in., 9 in., 11 in., 12 in., 16 in., 9 in., 10 in., 12 in., and their height was about 26 feet. I took the measurement of a hundred Sitkas over a track 20 feet broad, just as they came, and they averaged 22¾ in. Where the Sitkas had been planted at 6 feet apart, the common spruce and Scots fir are dominated, and the greater part of them quite dead. I drained some very wet parts a year ago, where both the Scots fir and common spruce had been killed through excess of moisture, but the Sitka had been very little harmed by it. Judging by what I have seen of the tree here and elsewhere, it will stand a greater degree of moisture than any other conifer I know. The plantation is altogether in a very healthy state."

A few hundred Menzies' spruces were planted out in 1879 on the mountain at Bronydd, on the property of Lord Penrhyn in North Wales, at 900 feet elevation; according to Mr. Richards, the forester, only half a dozen trees now survive, in a wretched condition. He states, however, that as the young growths come out late in the spring the tree is never touched by frost in North Wales. At Penrhyn there is a good specimen of the tree measuring 10 feet 6 inches in girth in 1904.

Menzies' spruce, on account of its sharp needles, has been supposed to be free from the attacks of deer, rabbits, and hares; but recent observations made in the royal domain of Freyr in Belgium show that out of 10,000 plants introduced some years ago only 2000 remain, and these are not expected to survive long. This is much to be regretted, as they had grown splendidly.

One of the largest trees we know of in the south of England is at Highclere, Berks, the seat of the Earl of Carnarvon, where we measured a tree in August

1903 which was 96 feet by 12 feet. The tree, having lost its lower branches owing to a heavy snow-storm, has put out new branches down the trunk, a somewhat rare occurrence in large conifers. Another very fine tree is growing at Barton, Suffolk, which was planted in 1847, and when measured by Henry in 1904 was 99 feet by 9 feet 3 inches. Both of these are in a dry climate but in a good soil.

At Bicton, Devonshire, I measured a tree in 1902 which was 85 feet by 11 feet


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 measured, in 1905, 88 feet by 10 feet 7 inches. A very large tree is reported to be growing in the grounds of Major Ross at Kilroch, Nairnshire.

In Ireland the finest example that we know is at Curraghmore, Waterford, the seat of the Marquess of Waterford. Mr. Crombie writes that it is now (March 1905) 106 feet in height, with a girth of 12 feet at 5 feet from the ground. This tree was reported in 1891 to be 110 feet high (evidently an estimate) with a girth of 10 feet.

At Mount Shannon, Co. Limerick, there is growing a very vigorous tree, with branches to the ground, which in 1905 was 79 feet by 12 feet.

A tree at Clonbrock, Co. Galway, planted in 1881 and growing in boggy soil, was in 1904 56 feet high by 4 feet 8 inches in girth.

The wood is said by Sargent to be light, soft, and straight grained, not strong, with a satiny surface, and thick, nearly white, sapwood.

It is largely used on Puget Sound for purposes where cheap lumber is required, but I did not see it in the timber yards that I visited in Tacoma.

Leislett does not mention it in his work, but Stone, quoting Macoun, says that it is elastic, bends with the grain without splitting, and is much used in boatbuilding, for light oars, staves, doors, and window-sashes, resists decay for a long time, and is not attacked by insects.

I am informed by Mr. Rogers, one of the principal timber buyers for the Admiralty, that no other spruce makes such good light oars, and that in consequence it is now imported annually for that purpose.


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Page:TheTreesOfGreatBritainAndIreland vol01.djvu/127

 resemble in foliage certain other genera of Taxaceæ, but are readily distinguishable as follows:—

Taxus.—Branchlets standing irregularly alternate on the branches. Leaves stalked, greenish underneath with no definite bands of stomata. Buds composed of imbricated scales.

Pruminopitys.—Branchlets and leaves as in Taxus, but with valvate bud-scales.

Cephalotaxus.—Branchlets opposite. Leaves like the yew in consistence, but with white bands beneath showing definite lines of stomata.

Torreya.—Branchlets sub-opposite. Leaves rigid and spine-pointed with white bands beneath, showing definite lines of stomata.

Saxegothæa.—Branchlets in whorls, ascending at an angle. Leaves with bases decurrent on the shoots, and with white bands beneath which are narrow and close to the median line.

The genus is widely distributed over large parts of North America, Europe, Algeria, and Asia, and occurs sporadically in the mountains of Sumatra, Celebes, and the Philippines. Seven distinct species have been described, each confined to a definite territory. These species are, however, rather geographical forms, only differing from one another in trivial characters of foliage and habit. The view taken by Sir Joseph Hooker and by Pilger, the latest monographer of the genus, that they only constitute one species is probably correct. Many of the supposed specific distinctions, such as the density of the foliage on the branchlets, the size and form of the leaf, etc., are due in most instances to the influence of soil, shade, and climate. Moreover, in the varieties of the common yew, which are known to have arisen as sports in the wild state or in cultivation, greater differences occur in the characters of habit, foliage, and fruit, than are observable in the so-called species. In the account which follows, the geographical forms will be treated as varieties.


text:
Angela Mia

Film appearances

 * "Angela Mia" (1928), first rendition from the synchronized-sound film Street Angel
 * "Angela Mia" (1928), second rendition from Street Angel, used as the closing theme

Sheet music

 * "Angela Mia" (1928), sheet music

title: Angela Mia


text:
Page:Floras Lexicon-1840.djvu/38

NGELICA. . Class 5,. Order 2:. This plant is named angelica in allusion to its agreeable smell and medicinal qualities. It has winged leaves divided into large segments; its stalks are hollow and jointed, the flowers grow in an umbel upon the tops of the stalks, and consist of five leaves, succeeded by two large channelled seeds. is sometimes cultivated in gardens for its leaf-stalks, to be blanched and eaten as celery, or candied with sugar. In Lapland, where it is also found, it is used to crown poets, who fancy themselves inspired by its agreeable odour.

title: Page:Floras Lexicon-1840.djvu/38


text:
Page:Kalevala (Kirby 1907) v2.djvu/43

Runo XXVII]

In the ground stood stakes a hundred,

In the yard there stood a thousand,

On the stakes were heads a hundred,

Only one stake still was headless.

Then the lively Lemminkainen

Took the head of the poor fellow;

From the ground the skull he lifted,

And upon the stake he set it.

Then did Ahti Saarelainen,

He the handsome Kaukomieli,

Once again the house re-enter,

And he spoke the words which follow:

“Wicked maid, now bring me water,

That I wash my hands and cleanse them,

From the blood of wicked Master,

From the gore of man of evil.”

Furious was the Crone of Pohja,

Wild with wrath and indignation,

And at once she sang up swordsmen,

Heroes well equipped for battle.

Up she sang a hundred swordsmen,

Sang a thousand weapon-bearers,

Lemminkainen’s head to capture,

From the neck of Kaukomieli.

Now the time seemed really coming,

Fitting time for his departure,

Terror came at length upon him,

And too hard the task before him;

From the house the youthful Ahti

Lemminkainen quick departed,

From the feast prepared at Pohja,

From the unannounced carousal.

title: Page:Kalevala (Kirby 1907) v2.djvu/43


text: Flora's Lexicon/Angelica

title: Flora's Lexicon/Angelica


text:
Page:Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980.pdf/23

Rh

19.—(1) The court shall consider whether, having regard to the matters mentioned in subsection (3) below and any representations made by the prosecutor or the accused, the offence appears to the court more suitable for summary trial or for trial on indictment.

(2) Before so considering, the court-
 * (a) shall cause the charge to be written down, if this has not already been done, and read to the accused; and
 * (b) shall afford first the prosecutor and then the accused an opportunity to make representations as to which mode of trial would be more suitable.

(3) The matters to which the court is to have regard under subsection (1) above are the nature of the case; whether the circumstances make the offence one of serious character; whether the punishment which a magistrates’ court would have power to inflict for it would be adequate; and any other circumstances which appear to the court to make it more suitable for the offence to be tried in one way rather than the other.

(4) If the prosecution is being carried on by the Attorney General, the Solicitor General or the Director of Public Prosecutions and he applies for the offence to be tried on indictment, the preceding provisions of this section and sections 20 and 21 below shall not apply, and the court shall proceed to inquire into the information as examining justices.

20.—(1) If, where the court has considered as required by section 19(1) above, it appears to the court that the offence is more suitable for summary trial, the following provisions of this section shall apply (unless excluded by section 23 below).

(2) The court shall explain to the accused in ordinary language—
 * (a) that it appears to the court more suitable for him to be tried summarily for the offence, and that he can either consent to be so tried or, if he wishes, be tried by a jury; and
 * (b) that if he is tried summarily and is convicted by the court, he may be committed for sentence to the Crown Court under section 38 below if the convicting court, on obtaining information about his character and antecedents, is of opinion that they are such that greater punishment should be inflicted than the convicting court has power to inflict for the offence.


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16c. 43

(3) After explaining to the accused as provided by subsection (2) above the court shall ask him whether he consents to be tried summarily or wishes to be tried by a jury, and—
 * (a) if he consents to be tried summarily, shall proceed to the summary trial of the information;
 * (b) if he does not so consent, shall proceed to inquire into the information as examining justices.

21. If, where the court has considered as required by section 19(1) above, it appears to the court that the offence is more suitable for trial on indictment, the court shall tell the accused that the court has decided that it is more suitable for him to be tried for the offence by a jury, and shall proceed to inquire into the information as examining justices.

22.—(1) If the offence charged by the information is one of those mentioned in the first column of Schedule 2 to this Act (in this section referred to as “scheduled offences”) then, subject to subsection (7) below, the court shall, before proceeding in accordance with section 19 above, consider whether, having regard to any representations made by the prosecutor or the accused, the value involved (as defined in subsection (10) below) appears to the court to exceed the relevant sum.

For the purposes of this section the relevant sum is £200.

(2) If, where subsection (1) above applies, it appears to the court clear that, for the offence charged, the value involved does not exceed the relevant sum, the court shall proceed as if the offence were triable only summarily, and sections 19 to 21 above shall not apply.

(3) If, where subsection (1) above applies, it appears to the court clear that, for the offence charged, the value involved exceeds the relevant sum, the court shall thereupon proceed in accordance with section 19 above in the ordinary way without further regard to the provisions of this section.

(4) If, where subsection (1) above applies, it appears to the court for any reason not clear whether, for the offence charged, the value involved does or does not exceed the relevant sum, the provisions of subsections (5) and (6) below shall apply.

(5) The court shall cause the charge to be written down, if this has not already been done, and read to the accused, and shall explain to him in ordinary language—
 * (a) that he can, if he wishes, consent to be tried summarily for the offence and that if he consents to be so tried, he will definitely be tried in that way; and


text: Page:Poems McDonald.djvu/96

title: Page:Poems McDonald.djvu/96


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Page:Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980.pdf/25

Rh

(6) After explaining to the accused as provided by subsection (5) above the court shall ask him whether he consents to be tried summarily and—
 * (a) if he so consents, shall proceed in accordance with subsection (2) above as if that subsection applied;
 * (b) if he does not so consent, shall proceed in accordance with subsection (3) above as if that subsection applied.

(7) Subsection (1) above shall not apply where the offence charged—
 * (a) is one of two or more offences with which the accused charged on the same occasion and which appear to the court to constitute or form part of a series of two or more offences of the same or a similar character; or
 * (b) consists in the incitement to commit two or more scheduled offences.

(8) Where a person is convicted by a magistrates’ court of a scheduled offence, it shall not be open to him to appeal to the Crown Court against the conviction on the ground that the convicting court’s decision as to the value involved was mistaken.

(9) If, where subsection (1) above applies, the offence charged is one with which the accused is charged jointly with a person who has not attained the age of 17, the reference in that subsection to any representations made by the accused shall be read as including any representations made by the person under 17.

(10) In this section “the value involved”, in relation to any scheduled offence, means the value indicated in the second column of Schedule 2 to this Act, measured as indicated in the third column of that Schedule; and in that Schedule “the material time” means the time of the alleged offence.

23.—(1) Where—
 * (a) the accused is represented by counsel or a solicitor who in his absence signifies to the court the accused’s consent to the proceedings for determining how he is to  be tried for the offence being conducted in his absence;  and
 * (b) the court is satisfied that there is good reason for proceeding in the absence of the accused,

the following provisions of this section shall apply.

(2) Subject to the following provisions of this section, the court may proceed in the absence of the accused in accordance


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18c. 43

with such of the provisions of sections 19 to 22 above as are applicable in the circumstances.

(3) If, in a case where subsection (1) of section 22 above applies, it appears to the court as mentioned in subsection (4) of that section, subsections (5) and (6) of that section shall not apply and the court—
 * (a) if the accused’s consent to be tried summarily has been or is signified by the person representing him, shall proceed in accordance with subsection (2) of that section as if that subsection applied; or
 * (b) if that consent has not been and is not so signified, shall proceed in accordance with subsection (3) of that section as if that subsection applied.

(4) If, where the court has considered as required by section 19(1) above, it appears to the court that the offence is more suitable for summary trial then—
 * (a) if the accused’s consent to be tried summarily has been or is signified by the person representing him, section 20 above shall not apply, and the court shall proceed to the summary trial of the information; or
 * (b) if that consent has not been and is not so signified, section 20 above shall not apply and the court shall proceed to inquire into the information as examining justices and may adjourn the hearing without remanding the accused.

(5) If, where the court has considered as required by section 19(1) above, it appears to the court that the offence is more suitable for trial on indictment, section 21 above shall not apply, and the court shall proceed to inquire into the information as examining justices and may adjourn the hearing without remanding the accused.

24.—(1) Where a person under the age of 17 appears or is brought before a magistrates’ court on an information charging him with an indictable offence other than homicide, he shall be tried summarily unless—
 * (a) he has attained the age of 14 and the offence is such as is mentioned in subsection (2) of section 53 of the Children and Young Persons Act 1933 (under which young persons convicted on indictment of certain grave crimes may be sentenced to be detained for long periods) and the court considers that if he is found guilty of the offence it ought to be possible to sentence him in pursuance of that subsection; or


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Rh

and accordingly in a case falling within paragraph (a) or (b) of this subsection the court shall commit the accused for trial if either it is of opinion that there is sufficient evidence to put him on trial or it has power under section 6(2) above so to commit him without consideration of the evidence.

(2) Where, in a case falling within subsection (1)(b) above, a magistrates’ court commits a person under the age of 17 for trial for an offence with which he is charged jointly with a person who has attained that age, the court may also commit him for trial for any other indictable offence with which he is charged at the same time (whether jointly with the person who has attained that age or not) if that other offence arises out of circumstances which are the same as or connected with those giving rise to the first-mentioned offence.

(3) If on trying a person summarily in pursuance of subsection (1) above the court finds him guilty, it may impose a fine of an amount not exceeding £200 or may exercise the same powers as it could have exercised if he had been found guilty of an offence for which, but for section 19(1) of the Powers of Criminal Courts Act 1973, it could have sentenced him to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 3 months.

(4) In relation to a person under the age of 14 subsection (3) above shall have effect as if for the words “£200” there were substituted the words “£50”; but this subsection shall cease to have effect on the coming into force of section 4 of the Children and Young Persons Act 1969 (which prohibits criminal proceedings against children).

25.—(1) Subsections (2) to (4) below shall have effect where a person who has attained the age of 17 appears or is brought before a magistrates’ court on an information charging him with an offence triable either way.

(2) Where the court has (otherwise than in pursuance of section 22(2) above) begun to try the information summarily, the court may, at any time before the conclusion of the evidence for the prosecution, discontinue the summary trial and proceed to inquire into the information as examining justices and, on doing so, may adjourn the hearing without remanding the accused.

(3) Where the court has begun to inquire into the information as examining justices, then, if at any time during the inquiry it appears to the court, having regard to any representations made in the presence of the accused by the prosecutor, or made by the


text:
Page:Floras Lexicon-1840.djvu/39

PPLE BLOSSOM. . Class 12,. Order:. What is more enchanting to the lover of nature than the apple-tree when clad with its beautiful bloom in the early spring? and the more, that they hold forth the promise of an abundance of delicious fruit. The apple bloom is indeed a charming flower, and by some is preferred before the rose.

title: Page:Floras Lexicon-1840.djvu/39


text:
Page:TheTreesOfGreatBritainAndIreland vol01.djvu/129

 very small tree. Leaves very narrow, median nerve scarcely prominent, apex acute and gradually passing into the mucro. Buds small, with loosely imbricated, ovate, obtuse scales.

7. Var. globosa (Taxus globosa, Schl. ), Mexican Yew.—A small tree. Leaves variable, narrow, straight, acuminate, mucronate. Buds of numerous ovate, rounded, obtuse, keeled scales.

1. —All authorities are agreed that the yew was formerly much more widely spread in Europe than is the case to-day, Conwentz relies on three points to prove the ancient wider distribution:—(i) fossil remains; (2) prehistoric and historic antiquities; (3) place-names. He considers that nearly all the fossil remains of the Tertiary age, which have been described as species of Taxus, are not really yew. In more recent geographical strata, however, numerous fossil remains of yew have been found. Clement Reid gives the following list of deposits in which yew occurs in England: —

Neolithic.—Common in peat below the sea-level in the Thames valley and Fenland; Portobello, near Edinburgh.

Interglacial.—Hoxne, Suffolk.

Preglacial (Cromer Forest-bed).—Mundesley, Bacton, Happisburgh (in Norfolk), Pakefield (in Suffolk).

Conwentz has found fossil remains in numerous localities in England and Ireland; but his promised paper on the subject has not yet been published. Guided by place-names in Germany, he dug up fossil yew in many localities in that country.

He found under pure peat, 3 feet thick, in the Steller Moss not far from Hanover, some hundreds of stems of yews. He says that it is never found in the ramparts of prehistoric forts, but that it was often planted on fortifications by the knights of the Middle Ages.

He has prepared a list of some hundreds of English, Scottish, and especially Irish names of places taken from the yew. The Gaelic name for the yew is iubhar; and in Irish and Scottish place-names this generally appears Anglicised as ure, being sometimes corrupted into o or u simply. Youghal means yew-wood. Dromanure and Knockanure signify yew-hill. Glenure is the yew-glen. Gortinure and Mayo mean yew-field.

Conwentz examined prehistoric wooden boxes, buckets, and other vessels in the British Museum and in the Dublin Science and Art Museum, and identified the wood of some thirty articles as that of yew.

Yew is occasionally found in peat-mosses in Ireland, but is exceedingly rare as compared with pine and oak. Mr. R.D. Cole, who has kindly sent me a


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20c. 43

accused, and to the nature of the case, that the offence is after all more suitable for summary trial, the court may, after doing as provided in subsection (4) below, ask the accused whether he consents to be tried summarily and, if he so consents, may proceed to try the information summarily; but if the prosecution is being carried on by the Attorney General, the Solicitor General or the Director of Public Prosecutions, the court shall not act under this subsection without his consent.

(4) Before asking the accused under subsection (3) above whether he consents to be tried summarily, the court shall in ordinary language—
 * (a) explain to him that it appears to the court more suitable for him to be tried summarily for the offence, but that this can only be done if he consents to be so tried; and
 * (b) unless it has already done so, explain to him, as provided in section 20(2)(b) above, about the court’s power to commit to the Crown Court for sentence.

(5) Where a person under the age of 17 appears or is brought before a magistrates’ court on an information charging him with an indictable offence other than homicide, and the court—
 * (a) has begun to try the information summarily on the footing that the case does not fall within paragraph (a) or (b) of section 24(1) above and must therefore be tried summarily, as required by the said section 24(1); or
 * (b) has begun to inquire into the case as examining justices on the footing that the case does so fall,

subsection (6) or (7) below, as the case may be, shall have effect.

(6) If, in a case falling within subsection (5)(a) above, it appears to the court at any time before the conclusion of the evidence for the prosecution that the case is after all one which under the said section 24(1) ought not to be tried summarily, the court may discontinue the summary trial and proceed to inquire into the information as examining justices and, on doing so, may adjourn the hearing without remanding the accused.

(7) If, in a case falling within subsection (5)(b) above, it appears to the court at any time during the inquiry that the case is after all one which under the said section 24(1) ought to be tried summarily, the court may proceed to try the information summarily.

26.—(1) Where—
 * (a) in the circumstances mentioned in section 23(1)(a) above the court is not satisfied that there is good reason for proceeding in the absence of the accused; or


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 In England the yew is indigenous on all the chalky Downs of Sussex, Hampshire, and Wilts. According to Bromfield, the yew is one of the few natural ornaments of our South Downs, over the bare sides and summits of which it is scattered abundantly as single trees, frequently of great size and antiquity; sometimes in groups; more rarely forming groves in the bottoms or valleys between these rounded hills, or in the steep woods which clothe their sheltered slopes: He mentions as one of the most remarkable of these yew groves, that at Kingsley Bottom, near Chichester. The yew is remarkably plentiful on the banks of the Wye, about Chepstow and Tintern, and grows in the most inaccessible positions on the limestone cliffs there, as it does also on the rocks of Matlock. The rocks at Borrodale and on Conzie Scar, near Kendal, are also truly natural stations of the yew. The yew is frequent in the woods of Monmouthshire, and in the ancient forest of Cranbourne Chase in Dorsetshire. In the Wyre Forest it is certainly wild, occurring now as isolated trees amidst the beech and oak. In Seckley Wood, on the Severn, there are indigenous yew trees, one of which is remarkable for its curious pendulous habit. It ascends to 1500 feet in Northumberland."

Concerning the occurrence of the yew as a wild plant in Scotland our information is scanty. Hooker states that it is indigenous as far north as Aberdeen and Argyll. White records it from Breadalbane in Perthshire. Lightfoot, writing in 1777, says it was found here and there in the Highlands in a truly wild state, and that there were the remains of an old wood of yew at Glenure in Upper Lorn, Argyllshire.

It is now of rare occurrence in the wild state in Ireland. According to Praeger, it is found on rocks, cliffs, in old woods, and on lake shores, now almost confined to the west. It is recorded from various localities from Kerry to Donegal, and Praeger considers that some of these instances may represent the last remnants of aboriginal stock; but it is impossible now to say definitely, as introduced trees grow around the supposed wild ones. The yews in the rough wood at Avondale, in Wicklow, may be wild. Many years ago Moore found the yew growing at Benyevena, in Co. Derry, in the crevices of the rocks, at an elevation of 1200 feet, when it assumed the appearance of a low shrub. In Smith's Kerry (1756), it is stated that "the yew grew in prodigious quantities in all our southern baronies until it was destroyed for making coals for the iron-works."

In Norway the yew is called "Barlind," and, according to Schubeler, grows wild only in the south, especially along the coast, the farthest point north known to him being near Sondmore, in lat. 62° 30" N., where it attains the height of 32 feet. In the east it does not extend farther north than Hurdalen, lat. 60° 35', where it attains a height of 8–10 feet. Schubeler mentions as the largest yews known


text: Flora's Lexicon/Apple Blossom

title: Flora's Lexicon/Apple Blossom


text:
Page:Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980.pdf/29

Rh

the justice or any of the justices of which the court is composed may issue a summons directed to the accused requiring his presence before the court.

(2) If the accused is not present at the time and place appointed—
 * (a) in a case within subsection (1)(a) above, for the proceedings under section 19(1) or 22(1) above, as the case may be; or
 * (b) in a case within subsection (1)(b) above, for the resumption of the hearing,

the court may issue a warrant for his arrest.

27. Where on the summary trial of an information for an offence triable either way the court dismisses the information, the dismissal shall have the same effect as an acquittal on indictment.

28. Where under section 25(3) or (7) above a magistrates’ court, having begun to inquire into an information as examining justices, proceeds to try the information summarily, then, subject to sections 102(9) and 103(3) below, any evidence already given before the court shall be deemed to have been given in and for the purposes of the summary trial. Power to remit person under 17 for trial to juvenile court

29.—(1) Where—
 * (a) a person under the age of 17 (“the juvenile”) appears or is brought before a magistrates’ court other than  a juvenile court on an information jointly charging  him and one or more other persons with an offence; and
 * (b) that other person, or any of those other persons, has attained that age,

subsection (2) below shall have effect notwithstanding proviso (a) in section 46(1) of the Children and Young Persons Act 1933 (which would otherwise require the charge against the juvenile to be heard by a magistrates’ court other than a juvenile court).

In the following provisions of this section “the older accused” means such one or more of the accused as have attained the age of 17.


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 addition to many young plants, 311 yew trees of 1 foot or more in girth of stem. On the Veronica mountain at Angelroda in Thuringia, there are about 150 yew trees, of which the largest are possibly 600 years old. Apparently there were anciently two zones of distribution of the yew in Central Europe—a northern one which extended from the Netherlands through the coast provinces of Germany to the eastern shore of the Gulf of Riga, and a southern area comprising the mountainous regions of the Vosges, Jura, Black Forest, the whole of the Alps to Croatia, and the Carpathians. The yew also occurred in the hilly land of central Germany, where, at the present time, according to Drude, it is indifferent to soil, as it grows on the muschelkalk near Gottingen, on the dolomite of Suntel in the Weser mountain district, and on primitive rock on the southern slope of the Rachel (up to 3300 feet altitude). On the dolomite it occurs as isolated trees, while in the ravines and rocky parts of Suntel it forms thick underwood. In the Bavarian Alps it ascends to 3800 feet, not being met with below 1240 feet.

In Switzerland the yew ascends in the Alps to 4660 feet. The largest and finest yew is at Geistler, near Burgdorf, at an elevation of 2400 feet above the sea. This tree is well figured in Les Arbres de la Suisse, t. xii., and is said to be 50 feet high by 12 feet in girth at 4 feet above the ground; it divides into several stems at about 10 feet up.

In Austria-Hungary the yew occurs in the Carpathians and the Alps, ascending in Transylvania to 5400 feet; and it is reported to occur in Roumania and Bulgaria.

The yew is generally distributed throughout the mountains of the Iberian Peninsula. In Spain, according to Laguna, it almost always occurs as isolated trees, and is found in all the Cordilleras from the Sierra Nevada to the Pyrenees and the mountains of Asturias, also in the Balearic Isles. He has only seen it forming pure forest in the Sierra Mariola, near to Alcoy (Valencia). In the high part of that chain on its northern slope there exist what are called the Teixeras de Agres, groups of yews belonging to the town of Agres. Here, in 1870, there were still living some hundreds of ancient yews, with some young trees.

Gadow says, "There are numerous large and small trees forming a scattered forest, between Riano and Cistierna at about 3600 feet elevation, the terrain belonging to the reddish Permian rubble. The yew tree is widely distributed throughout the Spanish mountains and on the Serra da Estrella (in Portugal), but is rare everywhere. Most of the trees are solitary and old, with decaying tops! Younger trees are ruthlessly destroyed by their branches being lopped off, to be used in the cattlefolds partly instead of straw, and partly for repairing the fences and roofs. The vernacular name is Tejo."

Willkomm states that in the high mountains of Spain it occurs as isolated stunted trees, and says that on the Sierra de la Nieve there was an old yew tree which measured only 17 feet in height, although it had a girth of 17½ feet. In the south of Spain it ascends to 6500 feet.


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 immense tall tree with long sparse branches and slender drooping twigs, while at Choongtam (5000–6000 feet altitude) it is small and rigid, much resembling in appearance our churchyard yew. The red bark is used as a dye and for staining the foreheads of Brahmins in Nepaul.

There is a specimen at Kew, collected by Sir George Watt in Manipur, which bore yellow berries.

In the United States there are a number of large European yew trees in New York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore, showing that the tree must have been brought to the eastern United States more than a century ago. Sargent says that everywhere south of Cape Cod it appears to be perfectly hardy. Farther east it suffers from the cold in severe winters, and cannot be considered a desirable tree for general planting in eastern New England. T.D. Hatfield, writing from Wellesley in Massachusetts, states that the variegated form of the common yew is hardy in places where the green type perishes.

II. var. cuspidata.—Ichii in Japan, Onko of the Ainos in Hokkaido. Though Sargent says that, judging from his observations, it is confined to the island of Yezo, it is stated in the Forestry of Japan, p. 88, that it is found also in Kiso and Nikko, and it was included in the list of trees growing wild in the royal forest of Kiso, though I did not see it myself. In Nikko it is planted in the temple gardens; a fine specimen, of which I give an illustration taken at this place (Plate 5331 [sic]), shows how much it resembles our yew in habit and appearance. This tree was about 40 feet high by 12 in girth. In the Hokkaido it grows scattered through the lowland and hill forests, among deciduous trees and conifers, but nowhere, so far as I saw, gregariously, and attains a large size, trees of 50-60 feet high with clear trunks 2–3 feet in diameter being not very rare. It sometimes produces beautifully veined burrs, and when old is often rotten inside.

It is a favourite in gardens in Hokkaido, as trees of considerable size can be moved without killing them. The wood, which seems milder, sounder, and more free from holes and flaws than in England, is much used by the Japanese for water-tanks, pails, and baths, and is cut into handsome trays, sometimes carved, which I bought quite cheaply in Sapporo. I also procured large planks and slabs of it, measuring as much as 26 inches wide, and quite sound, such as I have never been able to get from English yews. Chopsticks, clogs, and the Aino bows are also made of yew wood, and when cut into thin shavings very pretty braid is made from it.

I was informed by Mr. N. Masaki of the Imperial Art School in Tokyo, that the semifossil wood known at Sendai as Gindai-boku is dug from the bed of the Natonigawa river, near which deposits of lignite are found. This wood was believed by the carvers at Nikko to be fossil Cryptomeria wood, but is so like the bog yew found in Great Britain in grain and colour that I have little doubt that it is yew. This wood is only procured in small pieces of irregular shape, the largest that I saw being made into a tray about 20 inches square. It is very hard, of


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22c. 43

(2) If—
 * (a) the court proceeds to the summary trial of the information in the case of both or all of the accused, and the older accused or each of the older accused pleads guilty; or
 * (b) the court—
 * (i) in the case of the older accused or each of the older accused, proceeds to inquire into the information as examining justices and either commits him for trial or discharges him; and
 * (ii) in the case of the juvenile, proceeds to the summary trial of the information,

then, if in either situation the juvenile pleads not guilty, the court may before any evidence is called in his case remit him for trial to a juvenile court acting for the same place as the remitting court or for the place where he habitually resides.

(3) A person remitted to a juvenile court under subsection (2) above shall be brought before and tried by a juvenile court accordingly.

(4) Where a person is so remitted to a juvenile court-
 * (a) he shall have no right of appeal against the order of remission; and
 * (b) the remitting court may give such directions as appear to be necessary with respect to his custody or for his release on bail until he can be brought before the juvenile court.

(5) The preceding provisions of this section shall apply in relation to a corporation as if it were an individual who has attained the age of 17. Remand for medical examination

30.—(1) If, on the trial by a magistrates’ court of an offence punishable on summary conviction with imprisonment, the court is satisfied that the accused did the act or made the omission charged but is of opinion that an inquiry ought to be made into his physical or mental condition before the method of dealing with him is determined, the court shall adjourn the case to enable a medical examination and report to be made and shall remand him; but the adjournment shall not be for more than 3 weeks at a time where the court remands him in custody nor for more than 4 weeks at a time where it remands him on bail.