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At the gate of the chapel men discussed Ben's words; and two or three of them stole away and herded Gwen into the corner of the field; and they caught her and cut off her tail, and drove a staple into her udder. Sunday morning eleven men from Capel Dissenters, with iron bands to their clogs on their feet, and white aprons before their bellies, shouted without the church: "We are come to pray from the book." The parson was affrighted, and left over tolling his bell, and he bolted and locked the door, against which he set his body as one would set the stub of a tree.

Running at the top of their speed the railers came to Ben, telling how the Parson had put them to shame.

"Iobs you are," Ben answered. "The boy bach who loses the key of his house breaks into his house. Does an old wench bar the dairy to her mishtress?"

The men returned each to his abode, and


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an hour after midday they gathered in the church burial-ground, and they drew up a tombstone, and with it rammed the door; and they hurled stones at the windows; and in the darkness they built a wall of dung in the room of the door.

Repentance sank into the parson as he saw and remembered that which had been done to him. He called to him his servant Lissi Workhouse, and her he told to take Gwen to Deinol. The cow lowed woefully as she was driven; she was heard even in Morfa, and many hurried to the road to witness her.

Abel was at the going in of the close.

"Well-well, Lissi Workhouse," he said, "what's doing then?"

"'Go give the male his beast,' mishtir talked."

"Right for you are," said Abel.

"Right for enough is the rascal. But a creature without blemish he pilfered. Hit her and hie her off."

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As Lissi was about to go, Ben cried from within the house: "The cow the fulbert had was worth two of his cows."

"Sure, iss-iss," said Abel. "Go will I to Vicarage with boys capel. Bring the baston, Ben bach."

Ben came out, and his ardour warmed up on beholding Lissi's broad hips, scarlet cheeks, white teeth, and full bosoms.

"Not blaming you, girl fach, am I," he said. "My father, journey with Gwen. Walk will I with Lissi Workhouse."

That afternoon Abel brought a cow in calf into his close; and that night Ben crossed the mown hayfields to the Vicarage, and he threw a little gravel at Lissi's window.

The hay was gathered and stacked and thatched, and the corn was cut down, and to the women who were gleaning his father's oats, Ben said how that Lissi was in the family way.


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8 porarily controlled by classes or masses, of any power dangerous to the individual, rich or poor, strong or weak.

“Our constitutions never knew, and do not now recognize any distinction between poverty and riches, individual power or the lack of it. All they recognize in man is his humanity and the inherent God given rights which attend it. Is it not time for the American Bar to reconsecrate itself to the cause of American constitutionalism, and by precept and example demonstrate anew its fidelity to its oath to support and defend our constitution, the charter of a government incapable of tyranny because one so RESTRAINED as to make human freedom forever secure?”

That's the subject on which Mr. Hardy of Fargo expressed himself to the members of the Bar. We'll quote enough of what he said to make you want to read all of it when the Proceedings are published:

“There are two kinds of law, viz: constitutional law and common law; the former being intended to curb the rotten rich, the latter to suppress the proletariat.

“A young man who shows a propensity for arguing on both sides of any question, in a tone of voice loud enough, and for a period of time long enough, to preclude the possibility of anyone having the patience to nullify his utterances, should instantly be taken from school, the younger the better, and given a moderate correspondence school course in law; or, if the paternal pocketbook will not stretch that far, he should be given a book entitled ‘Everyone His Own Lawyer,’ which may be borrowed from any practicing attorney or purchased from Montgomery Ward at 69 cents, cash accompanying order, further preparation for the legal profession being superfluous.

“Being now fully equipped for practice, the neophyte should purchase a Colliers’ Dictionary at 98 cents, in the back of which he will find a glossary of legal terms in dog-latin, which he will find useful in mystifying the clients who will clamour for his aid. . . For instance, if a client seeks to recover possession of a cow, the lawyer should tell him (after carefully closing the door and transom) that this is ultra vires, and unless the Judge can be made to rule that habeas corpus proceedings are applicable, the jury may decide that the principle of caveat emptor will obtain and the Court issue a duces tecum; but (taking down from the shelf a treatise on Jetsam & Flotsam) the lawyer should remark ‘Few of the legal profession are wise to this statute, which has been passed on by our Supreme Court in the case of Twobit vs. Hagen, Robinson writing the opinion and Grace assenting, and if you care to go to the expense of a certiorari I am satisfied that I can keep you out of jail.’ By this time the client is ready to pay a retainer, one client sufficing to pay the overhead of his office and a reasonable living salary, the balance being all velvet.”


text: The New International Encyclopædia/Teutonic Languages


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Rh sufficient facts to ‘enable them to truthfully verify the cause of action or defense that they represent in the true spirit of the law that permits their so doing. The practice of verifying pleadings upon information and belief merely for the purpose of delay, when the truth of allegations sworn to has not been carefully ascertained, is unprofessional and a violation of the duties of an attorney as provided by law."

The representatives from North Dakota at the American Bar Association this year selected the following officers:

General Council—Lee Combs, Valley City.

Vice—President-Aubrey Lawrence, Fargo.

Local Council—Benton Baker, Bismarck; John Knauf, Jamestown; W. A. McIntyre, Grand Forks; John Keohane, Beach.

In closing his masterful address on the above subject at the annual meeting of the Association Judge Stone of Minnesota said:

“Please do not misunderstand my position. It is not one of opposition to constitutional amendment, as such. Insofar as our constitutions, in addition to expressing indisputable fundamental law, set up the machinery of government and specify details of operation, they should of course be amended whenever experience offers something better. But insofar as they restrain government in the interest of the individual and, in our case, limit federal control in the interest of that of state and community, it is obvious, and should always be remembered, that they are no more susceptible of repeal or substantial amendment than the Ten Commandments or the Sermon on the Mount.

“And THERE is the open door of opportunity for the American Bar. There is so much we can do in our daily walk and conversation to bring home to our fellow citizens the spirit and purpose of American constitutionalism. There is so much we can do to bring back American representative government, government by the whole people through true, carefully selected and courageous representatives, rather than by a temporary majority or aggressive and organized minority through mere messengers, with rubber stamp minds, who register by their votes political expediency rather than political wisdom. There is much we can do to explain the purpose and operation of our constitutional guarantees and the manner of their enforcement—all in the interest of the citizen and operating in HIS favor and against HIS goverment. You will find some, moved by evil and seditious intent, preaching that our government was designed to deprive citizens of liberty through centralized power, particularly that of wealth, when the plain fact is that the primary design of our constitutions is to prevent the possession by government, whether tem-


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6 Where the railroad named in the bill of lading as the terminal carrier employs another carrier to switch the car to consignee’s warehouse, it does not cease to be the terminal carrier and is liable.—Missouri Pacific vs. Reynolds-Davis Co., Sup. Ct. Rep. 45, 516.

The first Cummins amendment is to be read so as to make negligence an element in suits for loss caused by delay in transit, and to prohibit carriers from requiring notice or filing of claim as a condition precedent to recovery.-Barrett vs. Van Pelt, Sup. Ct. Rep. 45, 437.

The administrator of an employee of a common carrier killed in a foreign country through the negligence of the carrier has no right of action under the Federal Employers’ Liability Act, although both the employee and his administrator are U. S. citizens.—New York Central vs. Chisholm, Sup. Ct. Rep. 45, 402.

In intra-state shipments as to which tariffs established by the I. C. C. apply, provisions of the second Cummins amendment with regard to limitations of the carrier’s liability for damage in transit apply although they are in conflict with provisions of the state statute.—Lancaster vs. McCarthy, Sup. Ct. Rep. 45, 342.

A description of a place to be searched is sufficient if the officer with the warrant can, with reasonable effort, ascertain and identify the place intended. A building used as a garage can not be given the character of a dwelling house so as not to be subject to search by permitting an employee to sleep and cook in one of the rooms.—Steele vs. U. S., Sup. Ct. Rep. 45, 414.

The issuance of a permit authorizing the possession of intoxicating liquors for non-beverage purposes does not protect the holder from search for and seizure of such liquors held for beverage purposes. The apparent readiness of members of the family to sell intoxicating liquors from the suspected premises under circumstances leading to the inference that these premises are the source of supply constitutes probable cause for the issuance of a search warrant.—Dumbra vs. U. S., Sup. Ct. Rep. 45, 546.

The following addition to the Code of Legal Ethics was adopted at the annual meeting just held at Fargo, and is numbered "Section XXIII (a)”:

“Untrue Verification of Pleadings-Before verifying pleadings on information and belief, attorneys should carefully inquire and investigate so as to conscientiously satisfy themselves that they have before them


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Rh Much of the discussion with respect to the raising of standards for admission to the Bar seems, to us, to lose sight of certain very important elements as a rule. Is not the old saying that the exception proves the rule verified by the opponents of college training as a preliminary to legal education with every name that rolls from their lips?

We believe it to be quite within the bounds of reason and fact to state that about ninety per cent of those who have in the past engaged, and may be expected in the future to engage, in the practice of the legal profession are not of the class of exceptional men usually cited in the discussions.

The exceptional man frequently rises higher with little or no preliminary training than the average man does with the best of training; he finds his economics, his history, his philosophy, his science under circumstances and conditions that would leave no impression in the mental mechanism of the average man. But the average man is the one who serves and must continue to serve the larger number of our communities and the vast majority of our people; and if he, the average man, is to be fitted for the task of leadership, which is the real task of every practicing lawyer, then he ought to have the preliminary training that will fit him for the performance of that task. Moreover, the people of the community with which he may cast his lot by hanging out a shingle want and are entitled to find in him something more than a mere advocate with sufficient knowledge of law to enable him to win verdicts.

No boy today need fear that the adoption of such standards would prevent him from entering this as his chosen profession. We speak from experience when we say that all he needs is ambition and a willingness to work

A prohibition agent has power to serve a search warrant although not a civil officer in the constitutional sense.—Steele vs. U. S., Sup. Ct. Rep. 45, 417.

Incidental to its power to enforce prohibition, Congress may regulate the manufacture and distribution of denatured alcohol.—Selzman vs. U.S., Sup. Ct. Rep. 45, 574.

The attempt to cut a defective car out of a train after it has been run onto a siding for that purpose is a movement of the car within the meaning of the Safety Appliance Act.—Chicago, Great Western vs. Schendel, Sup. Ct. Rep. 45, 303.


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4 The regrets expressed at “Tracy” Bangs’ inability to enjoy this rather exceptional meeting were genuine and spontaneous.

The ladies were royally entertained, and it is feared by some that every attorney will now have more than one “jealous mistress."

Aubrey Lawrence can still “do good by stealth and blush to find it fame.” Some day, however, the Association will catch him unawares.

If lawyers could capitalize their articulation as well as Mr. Hardy appears to have capitalized his inarticulation they wouldn’t need a fee schedule.

During the latter part of August the Associated Press carried an item from the American Civil Liberties Union expressing the view that participation of the American Legion in National Education Week was “an offense against broad educational principles,” and the Union therefore felt called upon to broadcast its protest “against an unmerited compliment to the American Legion.”

For the benefit of those engaged in carrying forward the Americanization program of the Bar Association attention is directed to the following: The American Civil Liberties Union has been and is closely identified with the organization known as the I. W. W.; it issued a pamphlet in which it said: “To furnish interested citizens with a fair statement about the I. W. W. by unprejudiced observers. This is necessary in view of the flood of unfounded and partisan ‘information’ constantly given to the public.”

In 1917, Roger Baldwin, President of the Union, wrote: “Do steer away from making it look like a Socialist enterprise. . . We want to look like patriots in everything we do. We want to get a lot of good flags, talk a good deal about the Constitution and what our forefathers wanted to make of this country.” Convicted and sentenced for violation of the Selective Service Act, Baldwin said, “I feel myself just one protest in a great revolt surging up from the masses of the people. . . It is a struggle against the political state itself. . . It is a struggle to break in full force only after the war.”


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Rh tually conducted, and sufficiently flavored at all times to sustain the interest of those in attendance.

Notwithstanding adverse weather and road conditions, when President Cupler struck the gavel for the opening of the first day’s session there were more in attendance than could be shown by the total registration for any other meeting in five years, and the final registration figures showed up at 173 instead of the usual 60 or 70.

Space can not be given to a detailed account of the convention, but mention will be made from time to time in Bar Briefs of some of the more important matters discussed and acted upon. Proceedings of the annual meeting will also be published in pamphlet form, as heretofore.

 * The following officers were elected:
 * President—C. L. Young, Bismarck.
 * Vice-President—W. A. McIntyre, Grand Forks.
 * Secretary-Treasurer—R. E. Wenzel, Bismarck.

As usual, the alarm clock wasn’t alarming.

The weather was very unusual at the country club program. According to John Lewis the Inns of Court were mostly cellar.

For some reason or other the winner of the golf tournament wasn’t officially announced.

Judge Bagley received no answer to his question of who in................ wants to be an Englishman.

There was only one dissenting vote on the question of making "Off the Record" a permanent institution.

A little verbal conflagration got started towards closing time but appearances overrated its seriousness.

If Lee Combs wasn’t at the American Bar Association meeting, he has acquired a wonderful imagination.

Judge McKenna demonstrated for the third time that he is an expert in the verbal lubrication of dry subjects.

“Matt” Murphy never was in better form than while engaged in the delightful occupation of vending bouquets.

“Bill” Nolan, as he was quite generally called, very gracefully accepted the nomination for Governor of Minnesota.


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2

Baird, as receiver, v. Burke County

This action was brought to restrain the collection of certain taxes on 'bank stock for the years 1920 and 1921, attempted to be assessed under Section 2115, Compiled Laws 1913, as amended by Chapter 61 of the Session Laws of 1917, and under Section 1 of Chapter 220 of the Session Laws of 1919. A demurrer to defendant’s answer was sustained. HELD: That after the enactment of Chapter 62, Special Session Laws of 1919, there was no law authorizing the assessment of taxes against bank stock; that assessments of bank stock attempted to be made for the years 1920 and 1921, were made without authority of law; that Chapter 300 of the Laws of 1923, which sought to validate such attempted assessments for prior years by giving effect to the statutes of 1917 and 1919, was an attempt to give a meaning to words used by prior legislatures contrary to their authority and natural import, and is not binding upon the courts; that the construction of statutes is a judicial function; that in construing statutes it is proper for courts to take notice of such contemporaneous history as led up to and probably induced the passage thereof; that the initiative and referendum provisions in the state constitution have not altered or affected the principle; that the fundamental purpose of legislation is to make every statute enacted by the legislature speak the wil1 of the majority of the legislative agents chosen by the people; that the primary purpose of the legislature in enacting Chapter 300, Laws of 1923, was to put in the hands of taxing officials the means of enforcing collection from banks which had taken advantage of the absence of statutory authority for the levying or collecting of a tax upon their capital stock during the years in question; that the effect of striking Section 2 of the act therefrom through the referendum thereof to the people of the state was to strike from the act its primary purpose and to leave the remainder thereof self-contradictory and its legislative purpose completely subverted; and that by such removal of the inducement for the act therefrom, the entire statute falls.

The Cass County Bar is entitled to all of the commendation that was voiced by visiting attorneys who attended the annual meeting at Fargo this month, and more. Those in charge of the various features of the program knew what their share was and contributed that share. No five-ring circus could have been carried through its paces with greater precision. It was a convention thoroughly organized, perfectly and punc-


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 the specific descriptions, it appears to us that Mr. Herrick trusts too much to such characters as the number and arrangement of the joints of the antennae, which change with the growth of the individual. Even sexual maturity in these animals does not determine the limit of structural change.

Besides the microscopic forms, two species of cray-fish are recorded,—Cambarus virilis Hagen and C. signifer sp. nov. Attention is again drawn to the curious fact that size doee not govern the transition from the 'second form' or sexually immature (?) male to the 'first form' or perfected state; the second form often exceeding the first in its dimensions. Zoölogists whose lot it is to live in a cray-fish country cannot be too strongly urged to study the habits and physiology of these so-called dimorphic males. Types of the 'new' species, C. signifer, kindly communicated by Mr. Herrick, prove to be C. immunis Hagen. Eleven plates accompany this memoir.

WEEKLY SUMMARY OF THE PROGRESS OF SCIENCE.

MATHEMATICS.

Quadrature of the circle.—In vol. of the Mathematische annalen, Lindemann gave a proof of the fact that $$\pi$$ cannot be a root of an equation of any degree with rational co-efficients. This is a most remarkable paper, as it thus contains the first direct, absolute proof that has ever been given of the impossibility of the quadrature of the circle. M. Lindemann’s investigation is based upon, and presupposes a knowledge of, Hermite’s earlier paper, in which he showed that $$e$$, the Napierian base, cannot be the root of an equation with rational co-efficients. The fact that Lindemann has started from Hermite’s results makes his paper rather hard reading; and on this account, the author of the article at present referred to, M. Rouché, has thought it worth while to give an account of the work done by Hermite, and more recently by Lindemann, and at the same time to simplify the processes in both cases. M. Rouché has really done very little in the way of simplification, but by bringing together the proofs he has produced an interesting and valuable paper. He professes the belief that the last word has not yet been said on the subject, but that another and siinpler proof will yet be given of the fact that + cannot be a root of any equation of any degree with rational co-efficients. Lindemann has certainly done a splendid piece of work in thus absolutely proving the impossibility of “squaring the circle;’ and it is only to be regretted that his work will not carry conviction to the minds of those mistaken individuals, the ‘circle-squarers.’ But it is hardly to be supposed that they will be convinced of the futility of their task, any more than the perpetual-motion inventors were convinced by the discovery and enunciation of the principles of the conservation of energy.—(Nouv. annales, Jan., 1883.) [1

Geodesic lines. — The author, Herr A. v. Braun-mühl, considers the case of geodesics upon triaxial surfaces of the second order. He derives first Weiertrass’ formulas for a general geodesic, and obtains forms for the entering constants in terms of the double theta-functions, rendering them easy of computation. Examples are given of the computation of geodesic lines in the general and in several special cases. The latter, and newer part of the paper, contains a derivation of the equations of the envelopes of geodesics, and a discussion of the same. The en-velope is determined by aid of the hyperelliptic func-tions, and special applications are made to the ellipsoid and two sheeted hyperbuloid. Numerous references are given to previous investigations. — (Math. annalen, rx., 1882.) 1. Cc. 2

Abelian and theta functions. — Prof. Cayley in this memoir has reproduced with additional de- velopments the course of lectures which he deliv- ered in the Johns Hopkins University, in the win- ter and spring of 1882. The memoir has a special interest as being the first of any consequence upon this subject in the English language, and, indeed, one of the most important in any language. The chief addition to the theory consists in the determination made for the cubic curve, and also (but not as yet in a perfect form) for the quartic curve of the differential expression $$d\Pi_{\xi \eta}$$(in Clebsch and Gordan’s notation) or $$d\Pi_{12}$$ (in Prof. Cayley’s notation) in the integral of the third kind $$\int_\alpha^\beta d\Pi_{\xi \eta}$$ in the final normal form for which $$\int_\alpha^\beta d\Pi_{\xi \eta} = \int_\xi^\eta d\Pi_{\alpha \beta}$$ the limits and parametric points interchangeable. The notation and demonstrations of Clebsch and Gordan are much simplified, and the theory is illustrated by examples, in regard to the cubic, the nodal quartic, and the general quartic respectively. The first three chap- ters only of the memoir have yet appeared. — (Amer. journ. math., v., 1883.)

PHYSICS. Acoustics.

Instrument for measuring the intensity of aérial vibrations. — ‘The instrument is based on an experiment described by the author (Lord Rayleigh) in the Proceedings of the Cambridge philosophical society for November, 1880; from which it appeared that a light disk, capable of moving about a vertical diameter, tends to set itself at right angles to the direction of alternating aérial currents. A brass tube is closed at one end with a glass plate, behind which is a slit through which pass rays of light from a lamp. A light mirror with attached magnets, such as are used for reflecting galvanometers, is suspended by a fine silk fibre so that the light from the slit is incident upon it at an angle of 45°, and, after reflection, passes out throngh the side of the tube by a glass window. A lens is so placed as to throw an image of the slit upon ascale. The opposite end of the tube, prolonged to a distance equal to that between the slit and mirror, is cloved by a diaphragm of tissue-paper. A sliding tube extends for sume distance beyond this. If the instrument is exposed to sounds whose half-wave- length is equal to the distance from the slit to the tissue-paper diaphragm, nodes are formed at each


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Rh by this, and then assure themselves that their state shall be established.

6. We have heard of the pride of Moab; he is very proud: even of his haughtiness, and his pride, and his wrath: but his lies shall not be so. 7. Therefore shall Moab howl for Moab, every one shall howl: for the foundations of Kir-hareseth shall ye mourn; surely they are stricken. 8. For the fields of Heshbon languish, and the vine of Sibmah: the lords of the heathen have broken down the principal plants thereof, they are come even unto Jazer, they wandered through the wilderness; her branches are stretched out, they are gone over the sea: 9. Therefore I will bewail with the weeping of Jazer the vine of Sibmah: I will water thee with my tears, O Heshbon, and Elealeh; for the shouting for thy summer-fruits, and for thy harvest, is fallen. 10. And, gladness is taken away, and joy out of the plentiful field; and in the vineyards there shall be no singing, neither shall there be shouting: the treaders shall tread out no wine in their presses; I have made their vintage-shouting to cease. 11. Wherefore my bowels shall sound like a harp for Moab, and mine inward parts for Kir-haresh. 12. And it shall come to pass, when it is seen that Moab is weary on the high place, that he shall come to his sanctuary to pray; but he shall not prevail. 13. This is the word that the hath spoken concerning Moab since that time. 14. But now the hath spoken, saying, Within three years, as the years of a hireling, and the glory of Moab shall be contemned, with all that great multitude; and the remnant shall be very small and feeble.

Here we have,

1.I. [sic] The sins with which Moab is charged, v. 6. The prophet seems to check himself for going about to give good counsel to the Moabites, concluding they would not take the advice he gave them. He told them their duty, (whether they would hear, or whether they would forbear,) but despairs of working any good upon them; he would have healed them, but they would not be healed. They that will not be counselled, cannot be helped. Their sins were, 1. Pride; this is most insisted upon; for perhaps there are more precious souls ruined by pride than by any one lust whatsoever. The Moabites were notorious for this; We have heard of the pride of Moab; it is what all their neighbours cry out shame upon them for; he is very proud; the body of the nation is so, forgetting the baseness of their original, and the brand of infamy fastened upon them by that Law of God, which forbade a Moabite to enter into the congregation of the Lord for ever, Deut xxiii. 3. We have heard of his haughtiness and his pride; it is not the rash and rigid censure of one or two concerning them, but it is the character which all that know them will give of them; they are a proud people: and therefore they will not take good counsel when it is given them, they think themselves too wise to be advised; therefore they will not take example by Hezekiah to do justly and love mercy; they scorn to make him their pattern, for they think themselves able to teach him. They are proud, and therefore will not be subject to God himself, nor regard the warnings he gives them. The wicked, in the pride of his countenance, will not seek after God: they are proud, and therefore will not entertain and protect God's outcasts, they scorn to have any thing to do with them: but this is not all. 2. We have heard of his wrath too, (for those that are very proud, are commonly very passionate,) particularly his wrath against the people of God, whom therefore he will rather persecute than protect. 3. It is with his lies that he gains the gratifications of his pride and his passion; but his lies shall not be so, he shall not compass his proud and angry projects, as he hoped he should. Some read it, His haughtiness, his pride, and his wrath, are greater than his strength. We know that if we lay at his mercy, we should find no mercy with him, but he has not power equal to his malice; his pride draws down ruin upon him, for it is the preface to destruction, and he has not strength to ward it off.

II. The sorrows with which Moab is threatened; (v. 7.) Therefore shall Moab howl for Moab; all the inhabitants shall bitterly lament the ruin of their country, they shall complain one to another, every one shall howl in despair, and not one shall either see any cause, or have any heart, to encourage his friend. Observe,

1. The causes of this sorrow. (1.) The destruction of their cities; For the foundations of Kir-hareseth shall ye mourn; that great and strong city, which had held out against a mighty force, (2 Kings iii. 15.) should now be levelled with the ground, either burnt or broken down, and its foundations stricken, bruised and broken; so the word signifies; they shall howl when they see their splendid cities turned into ruinous heaps. (2.) The desolation of their country. Moab was famous for its fields and vineyards; but those shall all be laid waste by the invading army, (v. 8, 10.) See, [1.] What a fruitful, pleasant country they had, as the garden of the Lord, Gen. xiii. 10. It was planted with choice and noble vines, with principal plants, which reach even to Jazer, a city in the tribe of Gad; the luxuriant branches of their vines wandered, and wound themselves along the ranges on which they were spread, even through the wilderness of Moab, there were vineyards there; nay, they were stretched out, and went even to the sea, the Dead sea; the best grapes grew in their hedge-rows. [2.] How merry and pleasant they had been in it; many a time they had shouted for their summer-fruits, and for their harvest, as the country people sometimes do with us, when they have cut down all their corn. They had had joy and gladness in their fields and vineyards, singing and shouting at the treading of their grapes; nothing is said of their praising God for their abundance, and giving him the glory of it. If they had made it the matter of their thanksgiving, they might still have had it the matter of their rejoicing; but they made it the food and fuel of their lusts; see therefore, [3.] How they should be stripped of all; the fields shall languish, all the fruits of them being carried away, or trodden down; they cannot now enrich their owners as they have done, and therefore they languish. The soldiers, called here the lords of the heathen, shall break down all the plants, though they were principal plants, the choicest that could be got. Now the shouting for the enjoyment of the summer-fruits is fallen, and is turned into howling for the loss of them; the joy of harvest is ceased, there is no more singing, no more shouting, for the treading out of wine: they have


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 It is terrible to have to add that both the women were far advanced in pregnancy.

Imam Mamat was a man of over forty years of age, of good repute with his neighbours, and I never heard any cause suggested why this quiet, elderly man of devotional habits should suddenly, without apparent reason, develop the most inhuman instincts and brutally murder a number of men, women, and children, his nearest relatives and friends. It is, however, quite possible that the man was suffering under the burden of some real or fancied wrong which, after long brooding, darkened his eyes and possessed him with this insane desire to kill.

An autopsy was performed on the murderer's body, and the published report of the surgeon says: "I hereby certify that I this day made a post-mortem examination of the body of Imam Mahomed, and find him to have died from hæmorrhage from a wound on the outer side of right thigh; the internal organs were healthy except that the membranes of the right side of brain were more adherent than usual."

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 used for ages, originally no doubt formed by the passing and repassing of wild beasts, then adopted by the Sakais, and lastly by Malays. In other cases similar means of passage have been formed by driving tame elephants through the forest from place to place. For the pedestrian, especially if he be clad in the garments and boots of western civilisation, progress through the succession of holes filled with water and mud which marks the track of elephants is neither rapid nor pleasant.

That is the jungle of daylight.

When once the sun has set darkness falls upon everything within the forest, and it is a darkness so absolute as to give to wide-open eyes the impression of blindness. Those who have been so unfortunate as to be benighted in a Malay jungle without torches or lanterns know that there is nothing to be done but to sit down and wait for day.

Such were the surroundings in which Sâhit and his wife found themselves compelled to spend a night in the company of Mat Aris and his Sakai acquaintance.

Mat Aris had a house in this neighbourhood, and on the day following the events already narrated a Malay went to the Headman of his village and said there was a woman in the house of Mat Aris sobbing

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T was in the year 1876 that 2 man named Mat Aris, of no occupation and less repute, per- suaded one Sâhit to take his wife Salâmah and start on a journey through the jungle to a distant country. The interest of Mat Aris in this couple was a desire to get rid of Sâhit and possess himself of the woman Salamah, for whom he had conceived an overmastering passion.

The travellers began their journey at a spot many miles up the Perak River; their road lay along a jungle track, and so sparsely inhabited was the country they were to pass through, that they could net even find a habitation in which to pass the night. They had to look forward to many days’

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Rh his way, and brought them to his mother, who laughed at him.

"Look at the mushrooms you have brought," she said; "they are fit for nobody but you, you stupid!"

Ivan laughed also, and climbed into his old resting-place, the top of the big stove, where he waited for the return of his brothers. When they at last arrived they were full of news, and told their parents all that they had heard and seen,—how a handsome young prince had been there, and how he had touched them with his whip, and a good deal more; while Ivan laughed himself to sleep.

Next day the two elder brothers again went to the feast, but Ivan went into the fields and called out just as the horse had told him,—

"Chestnut horse! chestnut horse! stand before me like a leaf before a tree!"

And immediately there was a great sound like approaching thunder, and the horse galloped up to him. Ivan did exactly as he had done the day before, climbed into the right ear and out of the left, jumped on to the animal's back, looking just as handsome as on the first occasion, and rode off to the palace, where everybody made way for him, and welcomed him with the shouts of "Hoorah!" But he looked at no one, and riding straight to where the princess sat, tried to jump up to the window, but no; he did not get any farther than the last time, so he turned his horse round in disgust, touched his brothers lightly on the shoulders as before, and rode away.

When the brothers returned that night Ivan was F


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 journey through the primeval forest, the home of wild beasts and Sakai people, aboriginal tribes almost as shy and untamed as the elephant, the bison and the rhinoceros, with which they share the forests of the interior.

Sâhit and his wife started on their journey in the company of two brothers of Mat Aris, but meeting him the brothers returned, Mat Aris undertaking the part of escort. In the afternoon of the first day's march a Sakai named Pah Patin met the three, and, being known to Mat Aris, that worthy ordered him to accompany them. Pah Patin did as he was told, and when evening came on, as there was no dwelling within miles, a shelter was built in the jungle wherein the night was to be passed.

It is as well to understand what a Malay jungle is like, for a good soil, well watered, in one of the hottest and dampest climates in the world, produces a forest that is not altogether the counterpart of all other forests.

The reading public, no doubt, believes that the jungle of Darkest Africa is a place of gloom, terror and difficulty without parallel. It may be so, but few of those who know it have visited Malâya, and one is apt to exaggerate one’s own troubles. Whatever gruesome peculiarities there are about

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 to be the abiding-place of a familiar spirit until lured therefrom by the solicitations of someone who, at dead of night, stands over the grave and by potent incantations persuades the bâjang to come forth.

Pólong and Pélsit are but other names for Bâjang, the latter is chiefly used in the State of Kĕdah where it is considered rather chic to have a pélsit. A Kĕdah lady the other day, eulogising the advantages of possessing a familiar spirit (she said that amongst other things it gave her absolute control over her husband and the power of annoying people who offended her), thus described the method of securing this useful ally:

“You go out,” she said, “on the night before the full moon and stand with your back to the moon and your face to an ant-hill so that your shadow falls on the ant-hill, Then you recite certain jampi (incantations), and bending forward try to embrace your shadow. If you fail try again several times, repeating more incantations, If not successful go the next night and make a further effort, and the night after if necessary—three nights in all. If you cannot then catch your shadow, wait till the same day on the following month and renew the attempt. Sooner or later you will succeed, and,

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66 lying on the stove as usual. They told their parents all the news, and said that the handsome young prince was there, and that he had evidently taken a great fancy to them, as he had again touched them with his whip. Ivan chuckled, but said not a word.

On the third day the brothers set off as before to the king's palace, while Ivan went to meet the chestnut horse. He looked far handsomer than ever as he sat his steed proudly, and rode off to the palace, determined to be successful this time, come what might, and putting spurs to the horse he jumped to the balcony, and actually seized the ring from the princess's finger, and even kissed the beautiful face!

Another shout of applause arose from the crowd, who had been watching him eagerly. Away rode Ivan with the ring on his finger, touching his brothers again as he passed. But when the assembled crowd saw him depart, they tried to stop him, crying, "Hold him! hold him! stop him! stop him!" But in vain. Ivan was too quick for them, thanks to the chestnut horse.

Before he returned home he wrapped a piece of rag round the finger on which the ring was.

"What is the matter with your finger?" asked his mother, when he came home.

"Oh, I went out to get you some more mushrooms, and hurt my finger. That's all."

His parents laughed, and told him that he was the greatest donkey they had ever come across; but he did not mind them. He crept up on to the stove, and waited for his brothers, who had more than usual to tell this time. At last Ivan, wishing very much to


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Rh

Possibly the following information will give you an answer to the question. Just about the time that the final contests were being held in the Bar Association oratorical contests on the Constitution, one Carl Haessler spoke before the Liberal Club of the University of Chicago. Haessler served time in federal prisons from June 1918 to August 1920. His subject was, “Dissenting Youth in War Time,” and the lecture was publicly advertised by the university in the weekly calendar of the school. These were some of the statements made in the course of the talk:

“I would fight in the infantry or in the chemical warfare service or in any combatant branch in a war to overturn the present government.”

“I was not a conscientious objector because I was afraid to fight or because I would not kill other men, but because I would not fight for a capitalist government. I would kill if I had to and would be glad to do it in a war to overturn a capitalist government.”

“The law says we shall not advocate the violent overthrow of the Government, but we get around it by predicting it, and it is not against the law to prophesy. We say it is inevitable that armed revolution shall come and we are preparing for the day.”


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 accident that their comrade was lâtah, that they had ordered him to climb the tree, which he had at once done, and that then, out of sheer devilry, some one had taken a bit of rattan, said, "Do you see this snake? I will tie it round the tree, and then you can't come down," and so left him from 10 A.M. till the afternoon, when the inspector returned and released him.

The time of Kâsim's penance was probably greatly exaggerated, but that is how the story was told to me, and of all that follows I was an eye- witness.

I made Kâsim Minor my orderly, and as he was constantly with me I had better opportunities of studying his peculiarities. About this time also I learnt that Kâsim Major was also lâtah.

Speaking generally, it was only necessary for any one to attract the attention of either of these men by the simplest means, holding up a finger, calling them by name in a rather pointed way, touching them or even, when close by, to look them hard in the face, and instantly they appeared to lose all control of themselves and would do, not only whatever they were told to do, but whatever was suggested by a sign.

I have seen many látah people, male and female,

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E was the Sultan of an important Malay State, but to those who knew him best he was, and will remain, "Craddock's King," principally because he always sent for Craddock whenever he wanted anything that he thought needed the assistance of a European officer, and, on the rare occasions when he travelled outside his own dominions. Craddock used to go with him as guide, interpreter, and shield.

The King was one with whom things had gone badly until the appearance of the white man in his country. His character had not endeared him to the people, who should have been his subjects, but were, almost without exception, his enemies and the consequence was that when he ought to have

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Rh look at the ring, untied the rag round his finger. Hardly had he done this, when the ring sent forth such a brilliant lustre that it lighted up the hut as if by lightning, greatly to Ivan's alarm; the parents and brothers not seeing the ring, only the sudden light, thought Ivan was playing with matches.

"Leave off, you donkey," said one of the brothers, "or you are sure to set the place on fire! It is high time for such as you to be asleep!"

Three or four days after this the king commanded all the people in his kingdom to come to a grand feast in the palace. Not a soul should stay away, and if by chance any persons dared to disobey his orders, they were to be executed at once! The reason of this sudden invitation to every one all round was that the king wanted to find the youth who had taken the ring from the princesses finger. He had already searched everywhere where he thought it likely to find the young man, but all in vain; so he determined to give a grand feast, and invite every one to it. In that way he felt sure that the person he was in want of would be found. He also intended to reward this stranger, and give him the princess for his wife.

Of course the peasant and his family had to go to this feast whether they liked it or not, and were obliged to take Ivan with them. When all the people were seated at the various tables, eating and drinking to their hearts' content, the beautiful princess arose and began serving round the mead with her own fair hands. Suddenly she came upon Ivan, who was sitting with his finger tied up. He had his best clothes on, but these were not much to boast of. He had intended


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 as you stand there in the brilliance of the moonlight, you will see that you have drawn your shadow into yourself, and your body will never again cast a shade. Go home and in the night, whether sleeping or waking, the form of a child will appear before you and put out its tongue; that seize and it will remain while the rest of the child disappears. In a little while the tongue will turn into something that breathes, a small animal, reptile or insect, and when you see the creature has life put it in a bottle and the pĕlsit is yours.”

It sounds easy enough, and one is not surprised to hear that everyone in Kĕdah, who is anybody, keeps a pĕlsit.

Langsûior, the female familiar, differs hardly at all from the bâjang except that she is a little more baneful, and, when under the control of a man, he sometimes becomes the victim of her attractions, and she will even bear him elfin children.

It is all very well for the Kĕdah ladies to sacrifice their shadows to obtain possession of a pĕlsit, leaders of society must be in the fashion at any cost; but there are plenty of people living in Perak who have seen more than one ancient Malay dame taken out into the river, and, despite her protestations, her tears and entreaties, have watched her, with hands

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68 going to call his horse, and asking him to help him and dress him up before he went to the feast; but there had been no time for that, so he was obliged to appear in an ordinary dress. Yet he looked wonderfully handsome all the same.

"Why is your finger tied up?" asked the princess, stopping before him. "Have you hurt it? Untie it; perhaps I may be able to cure it for you?"

After a great deal of hesitation he obeyed, and behold the diamond ring glittered on his finger. The whole palace was illuminated as if by magic.

The princess looked at him, and then taking him by the hand led him to the king, her father, and greatly to the astonishment of all present said,—

"Behold my bridegroom!"

Ivan was then made to tell his story, and how it was that he managed to reach the balcony and get the ring, when no one else could do so. After he had explained all, the king ordered him to be taken and dressed in rich and princely garments, and he was once more the handsome stranger who had stolen the ring. What a change, what a difference between his usual get-up and his present costume! Everybody stared at him in astonishment. He walked, and talked, and looked so noble, that no one would have believed that he was the same person whom people called Ivan the Stupid! In fact, all present were charmed with him.

As for his parents and brothers, they could not make out what it was all about, and wondered whether they were dreaming.

The marriage took place in a very short time. It


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ALAYS are not dancers, but they pay profes- sional performers to dance for their amuse- ment, and consider that “the better part” is with those who watch, at their ease, the exertions of a small class whose members are not held in the highest respect. The spectacle usually provided is strangely wanting in attraction ; a couple of women shuffling their feet, and swaying their hands in gestures that are practically devoid of grace or even variety—that is the Malay dance—and it is accom- panied by the beating of native drums, the striking together of two short sticks held in either hand, and the occasional boom of a metal gong. The enter- tainment has an undoubted fascination for Malays but it generally forms part of a theatrical perform-

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 but never any quite like these two, none so susceptible to outside influence, so ready to blindly obey a word or a sign.

The kindly disposition of Kâsim Minor made him quite harmless, but the other Kâsim was rather a dangerous subject to play tricks with, as I will presently explain.

The lâtah man or woman usually met with, if suddenly startled, by a touch, a noise, or the sight of something unexpected, will not only show all the signs of a very nervous person but almost invariably will fire off a volley of expressions more or less obscene, having no reference at all to the circumstance which has suddenly aroused attention. As a rule it is necessary to startle these people before they will say or do anything to show that they are differently constituted to their neighbours, and when they have betrayed themselves either by word or deed their instinct is to get away as quickly as possible. Children and even grown-up people cannot always resist the pleasure of "bating" a látah person; for one reason because it is so exceedingly easy, for another because they are inclined on the spur of the moment to do ludicrous things or say something they would under ordinary circumstances be ashamed of. Almost invariably látah

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 the African jungle, it seems possible for large bodies of men and women to make their way through it at a fair pace without great difficulty. In that respect at least it has the advantage of the Malay forest.

To begin with there are the trees of all sizes, from the smallest shoot to the giants of the jungle, towering to a height of 150 feet. I know that is not excessive, but in this forcing climate there are an enormous number of such trees, treading on each others roots and crowding the older and feebler out of existence. These are nothing, they afford a pleasant shade from the pitiless rays of the sun, and though this mitigated light cannot by any stretch of imagination be called darkness, it is possible to take off your hat without fear of sunstroke. If it were only for the trees jungle walking would be pleasant enough.

Under them, however, there is an undergrowth so thick as to beggar description. Every conceiv- able kind of palm, of bush, of creeper, flourishes there with a luxuriance, with a prodigality of vege- table life, that shows how richly Nature deserves her title of Mother. It is a curious fact, remarked by every one who has been brought in contact with the Malay forest, that a very large number of its shrubs, many of its palms, and most of its creepers

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 and saying her husband had been murdered. The Headman went to the place and saw Mat Aris was there and a woman with him. Mat Aris had a reputation which probably induced this Headman not to attempt to interfere with him further than to keep a watch on his proceedings.

In places where there are no roads, and often when they do exist. Malays live on or close by the bank of a river, and, on the following day, the Headman observed Mat Aris and the woman in a boat going down the stream, here a succession of rapids and very difficult to navigate. The Headman followed by a jungle track, and getting near to a place called Kota Tampan, the first police station, he hurried on and gave the information he possessed.

When Mat Aris arrived at Kota Tampan he landed, and was at once arrested by the native sergeant in charge of the station, who accused him of murdering Sâhit. Mat Aris denied the charge, but the woman said her name was Salâmah, and the sergeant said he must take them both to his Divisional Headquarters at Kuala Kangsar, distant thirty miles or more by river. Accordingly the sergeant and some police entered the boat and a start was made for Kuala Kangsar. It shortly appeared that

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 been elected to a high office, and later, when his birth entitled him to be nominated Sultan, his claims were ignored in favour of junior men. Up to the age of fifty or more he had passed his life in poverty, and even in want, and often in open resistance to such authority as existed. These strained relations with his own people made him loyal to the British, and as his claims were indisputable, and the opportunity came when they might be satisfied, he at last attained to the position which was his by right.

I will try to draw the man as he was at this time. Tall for a Malay, rather fair, with grey hair and a white moustache; very broad-shouldered and thick-set, a powerful figure, though now inclined to over-stoutness; a firm, upright carriage; in his face an exceeding hauteur, and in his manner something more than this—the plain evidence of a masterful and overbearing disposition. The strength of mind, the obstinacy of character, were writ large in both face and figure; while an imperious manner was accentuated by a loud, voice and impatient speech, caused to some extent by the difficulty of understanding one whose teeth were few, and whose tongue was plainly over-large.

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 ance, and for Western spectators it is immeasur- ably dull.

In one of the Malay States, however, Pǎhang, it has for years been the custom for the ruler and one or two of his near relatives to keep trained dancing girls, who perform what is called the “Jôget”—a real dance with an accompaniment of something like real music, though the orchestral instruments are very rude indeed.

The dancers, bûdak jôget, belong to the Raja’s household, they may even be attached to him by a closer tie ; they perform seldom, only for the amuse- ment of their lord and his friends, and the public are not admitted. Years ago I saw such a dance, and though peculiar to Pǎhang as far as the Malay States are concerned, it is probable that it came originally from Java; the instruments used by the orchestra and the airs played are certainly far more common in Java and Sumatra than in the Peninsula.

I had gone to Pǎhang on a political mission acompanied by a friend, and we were vainly courting sleep in a miserable lodging, when at 1 A.M. a message came from the Sultan inviting us to witness a jôget. We accepted with alacrity, and at once made our way to the astâna, a picturesque, well-built and commodious house on

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 and feet tied, put into the water and slowly pushed down out of sight by means of a long pole with a fork at one end which fitted on to her neck. Those who witnessed these executions have no doubt of the justice of the punishment, and not uncommonly add that after two or three examples had been made there would always ensue a period of rest from the torments of the bâjang. I have also been assured that the bâjang, in the shape of a lizard, has been seen to issue from the drowning person’s nose. That statement, no doubt, is made on the authority of those who condemned and executed the victim.

The following legend gives the Malay conception of the origin of all Jin, hantu, bâjang, and other spirits.

The Creator determined to make Man, and for that purpose He took some clay from the earth and fashioned it into the figure of a man. Then He took the Spirit of Life to endue this body with vitality and placed the spirit on the head of the figure. But the spirit was strong, and the body, being only clay, could not hold it and was reft in pieces and scattered into the air. Those fragments of the first great Failure are the spirits of earth and sea and air.

The Creator then formed another clay figure, but

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 the police, who were natives of India, were not very skilful in the management of the boat, and, as Mat Aris offered his services to steer and there was no doubt of his ability, this important post was given to him. Choosing a convenient place where the stream was both deep and rapid. Mat Aris upset the boat and threw every one into the water. Then seizing the woman, he swam with her to the oppo- site bank and they both disappeared. The police had enough to do, hampered by their uniforms, to get out of the river with their lives.

For the next eight years Mat Aris eluded all attempts at capture. He lived in the jungle beyond the jurisdiction of the Perak Government, and, with his brothers, became the terror of the neighbour- hood, levying black mail on all who passed his way. Mat Aris was the ringleader, and even more serious crimes were laid at his door.

The woman Salâmah was known to be living with Mat Aris as his wife, and it was also known that she had a child by him. Of Sâhit nothing more was seen or heard.

Meanwhile the Government of Perak had estab- lished a station in the neighbourhood of the spot where Sâhit had disappeared, and complaints of the lawless proceedings of Mat Aris were constantly

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 The King affected gay colours, and his appearance, when he took his walks abroad, was striking, not to say remarkable. A tartan silk jacket, combining many violent colours and fastened at the neck only, clothed his body; this jacket had a high collar which enclosed the wearer's bull-neck and reached to the ears. The nether garment was a pair of very wide and loose white silk trousers fastened by many yards of a scarlet silk waist-cloth. These trousers reached a point low down on the calf of the leg, leaving a fair expanse of uncovered limb between them and the sky-blue canvas shoes which encased the stockingless feet. On his head, tilted rakishly over one ear, the King wore a wonderful round bright yellow cap, flat on the top with stiff sides, on which were sewn, in Arabic characters of black cloth, a verse from the Koran.

In his waist-cloth the King usually carried a short knife in a polished wooden sheath, and when walking he leant upon a spear or long bamboo stick. Both hands and feet were white with an unnatural and mottled whiteness, caused. His Highness averred, by eating the flesh of the white buffalo, and, in walking, the toes were turned out to such an extent as to give a decided waddle.

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 shore. I at once told him that if his story was true I could not stop at Blanja and must go on at once. How far he had been acting before was doubtful, but his surprise now was genuine enough. He said, "It is impossible, the whole country down stream is in arms, you cannot pass, it is certain destruction." We told him that whatever it was we were going, and we pointed out to him that as the boat was moving into deep water he had not much time to get out if he wanted to return to the shore. He got out, and it was rather deep, but he stood there and shouted, "No doubt you think yourselves very fine fellows, but you will be killed all the same."

He was still standing in the same place when we had gone some distance, and as we passed outside the long line of boats the many people on shore realised that we had started again and were rapidly dropping down stream. It seemed to us that for them the unexpected had happened.

The pleasure of thinking that we had at any rate cheated the Blanja people did not last us long and I believe every man in the boat—certainly I can speak for myself—believed that he had started on a journey of which sudden death was the inevitable bourne,

title: Page:Malay Sketches.pdf/279


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Page:Malay Sketches.pdf/135

 THE PASSING OF PENGLIMA PRANG SEMAUN

Then he returned to to his own home to think how this was be worked out.

The Penglima Prang Semaun’s house was between those of the Shabandar, up stream, and Megat Raja, down stream, and he knew that he was not strong enough to resist a combined attack from both them. Therefore he determined that force must be backed by cunning if he was to achieve his end.

He concluded that his only plan was to attack the Shabandar, dispose of him first as the most important, and then deal with Megat Raja at his leisure.

Meanwhile, Che Nuh had expressed his desire to marry Meriam, but as his relatives recognised that such an open avowal of his liaison must lead to trouble with Megat Raja and his folk, they declined to allow him to do this, and Che Nuh’s negative attitude towards the lady only increased the wrath of her kinsman, Penglima Prang Semaun.

I have said that this bravo, for that was his metier, was the henchman of the Raja Bendahara, the highest authority in the State after the Sultan. Penglima Prang Semaun, having determined to kill the Shabandar, felt it necessary to report the intention to his master and, mindful of possible wrath to come, to ask his sanction.

title: Page:Malay Sketches.pdf/135


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 people of this class (and it is by far the most common one) are very good humoured and never seem to think of resenting the liberty taken with their infirmity. If by word or deed they commit themselves (and that is not uncommon) they either run away, or appear to be unconscious of having said or done anything unusual (this however is rare), or they simply say, "I am lâtah," as a full explanation and excuse.

If any one present accidentally drops something on the floor, if a lizard falls from the roof on to or near a lâtah person, if the wind blows the shutter of a window to with a bang, a lâtah person of the class. I speak of will probably find it necessary to at least say something not usually heard in polite society. Of this class by far the majority are women.

I have never seen a lâtah boy or girl, but I know they are to be found, though the disease certainly becomes more evident as the subject grows older.

It must be understood that except when under influence, when actually showing the evidences of this strange peculiarity, lâtah people are undistinguishable from others. It is sufficient proof of this that amongst my twenty-five police there should have been two men more completely lâtah than any I have seen before or since.

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, xvii. 14

N the spring of 1892 I was privileged, by the kindness of a friend and the courtesy of Dr. Luys, to visit the Hospital de la Charité in Paris, where I witnessed some very remarkable and interesting experiments in suggestion. There were patients undergoing successful treatment for nervous disorders where the disease was in process of gradual relief by passing from the afflicted person to a medium without injury to the latter; there was the strange power of hypnotising, influencing and awakening certain sujets whose nervous organisations seem to be specially susceptible, and there was the astonishing influence of the magnet over these same sujets when already hypnotised. There is something more than usually uncanny in the sight of a

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 I took occasion to carefully observe the two Kâsims. It was impossible to always prevent their companions teasing them, especially in a place where there was absolutely no form of amusement and all the conditions of life were as unpleasant as they well could be, but no harm was ever done, and I am satisfied that while influence was in any way exercised over the lâtah man he was not conscious of his own actions, and directly it was removed he became his reasoning other self, and the utmost that remained on his mind, or came to him with the recovery of his own will, was that he might have done something foolish.

If the attention of either of these men was arrested, as I have said by word, sign, or a meaning glance, from that moment until the influence was removed, the lâtah man would do whatever he was told or signed to do without hesitation, whether the act signified were difficult, dangerous, or painful. When once under this influence any one present could give the order and the lâtah man would immediately obey it; not only that, but even at some distance (as in the coco-nut tree incident), he appeared to be equally subject to the will imposed on his actions.

A curious thing about both these men was that,

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 into this one He wrought some iron, so that when it received the vital spark it withstood the strain and became Man. That man was Adam, and the iron that is in the constitution of his descendants has stood them in good stead. When they lose it, they become of little more account than their prototype the first failure.

Another article of almost universal belief is that the people of a small State in Sumatra called Korinchi have the power of assuming at will the form of a tiger, and in that disguise they wreak vengeance on those they wish to injure. Not every Korinchi man can do this, but still the gift of this strange power of metamorphosis is pretty well confined to the people of the small Sumatran State. At night when respectable members of society should be in bed, the Korinchi man slips down from his hut, and, assuming the form of a tiger, goes about "seeking whom he may devour."

I have heard of four Korinchi men arriving In a district of Perak, and that night a number of fowls were taken by a tiger. The strangers left and went further up country, and shortly after only three of them returned and stated that a tiger had just been killed, and they begged the local headman to bury it!

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text:
East European Quarterly

 * Volume 15

title: East European Quarterly


text: Page:The Crowne of all Homers Workes - Chapman (1624).djvu/24


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 For people with whom loyalty to their rajas is an article of faith, the dislike in which the King was held by them was extraordinary. It is charitable to suppose that early disappointment had embittered his life, for he possessed good qualities. He was undeniably intelligent, and had a wider knowledge of his country and its ancient customs than any other man in it. He knew his own mind, was determined to obstinacy, and asked counsel of few. He was a keen sportsman, courageous, and, having sought the friendship of the British, never wavered in his loyalty. If it be said that in this he consulted his own interest and knew his unpopularity with his own people, his consistency and good faith were still a merit. On the other hand, his defects and vices were numerous, and just those likely to earn him the dislike of Malays. He was incredibly mean, he was overbearing to cruelty, rapaciously grasping, jealous of the good fortune of any of his subjects, selfish, difficult of access, and unconcerned with the misfortunes of others; vindictive to those who offended him or opposed his wishes, a gambler who nearly always contrived to win, and in matters where the other sex were concerned, decidedly unreliable. He was not an opium-smoker, nor was he in any sense a religious man,

title: Page:Malay Sketches.pdf/182


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text: Page:The Farm and Fruit of Old a translation in verse of the 1st and 2nd Georgics of Virgil, by a market-gardener (1862).djvu/34


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 MALAY SKETCHES Accordingly the Penglima went up river to Blanja where the Bendahara lived, told his tale and asked for leave to kill the Shabandar.

The reply of the Bendahara was, “If you think you are able to do it, go on.”

That was enough. Penglima Prang Semaun returned to Bandar with a kindred spirit named Haji Ali, another bravo of reputation as evil as his own, and these two worthies soon settled their plan of operations.

The Sultan was at Pasir Panjang (only a few miles above Bandar), with a large following and a crowd of boats, and the Penglima and his friend determined to wreak their vengeance on the Sha- bandar on the Raya Haji, the day to which the most religious Muhammadans prolong the fast of Ramthan.

The day did not, however, suit, there were too many people constantly about the Shabandar’s house, and the conspirators had to return home without effecting their purpose.

On the following day, however, in the afternoon, Penglima Prang Semaun, Haji Ali, and three others, made a formal visit to the Shabandar, obtained ad- mission to his house, and found in it no one besides himself and a Sumatran Raja, a visitor from down

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 On another occasion some Korinchi men appeared and sought hospitality in a Malay house, and there also the fowls disappeared in the night, and there were unmistakable traces of the visit of a tiger, but the next day one of the visitors fell sick, and shortly after vomited chicken-feathers !

It is only fair to say that the Korinchi people strenuously deny the tendencies and the power ascribed to them, but aver that they properly belong to the inhabitants of a district called Chenâku in the interior of the Korinchi country. Even there, however, it is only those who are practised in the elěmu sěhir, the occult arts who are thus capable of transforming themselves into tigers, and the Korinchi people profess themselves afraid to enter the Chenâku district.

It was my misfortune some years ago to be robbed of some valuable property, and several Malay friends strongly advised me to take the advice of an astrologer or other learned person who (so they said) would be able to give the name of the thief, and probably recover most of the stolen things. I fear that I had no great faith in this method of detection, but I was anxious to see what could be done, for the East is a curious place, and no one with an inquiring mind can have lived

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User talk:BRouberol-WMF

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title: User talk:BRouberol-WMF


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 in it long without seeing phenomena that are not always explained by modern text-books on Natural Philosophy.

I was first introduced to an Arab of very remarkable appearance, He was about fifty years old, tall, with pleasant features and extraordinary grey-blue eyes, clear and far-seeing, a man of striking and impressive personality. I was travelling when I met him, and tried to persuade him to return with me, but that he said he could not do, though he promised to follow me by an early steamer. He said he would be able to tell me all about the robbery, who committed it, where the stolen property then was, and that all he would want was an empty house wherein he might fast in solitude for three days, without which preparation, he said, he would not be able to see what he sought. He told me that after his vigil, fast, and prayer, he would lay in his hand a small piece of paper on which there would be some writing, into this he would pour a little water, and in that extemporised mirror he would see a vision of the whole transaction. He declared that, after gazing intently into this divining-glass, the inquirer first recognised the figure of a little old man. That having duly saluted this Jin, it was only necessary to ask him to conjure

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RV 224


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 and, though the "Defender of the Faith" in his own country, he observed none of its outward forms. It cannot, therefore, be said that he was in good odour with the priesthood and yet one of his firmest friends—for a time—was the priest of the neighbouring village who, whenever a witness was needed to support the King in any action or statement, was ready both to vouch to supposed facts and prove his master's case by the authority of Muhammadan writings.

The constant appeal to the priest for justification and the persistence with which this man found, excellent reasons for the King's peculiar methods was a little discouraging; but there came an estrangement. The King, accompanied by the priest and others, visited a neighbouring British possession, stayed there some days, and at the moment of his return was faced by a serious indignity. It appeared that someone in this place who did not understand the King's peculiarities had, or thought he had, sold to His Highness a tricycle and a musical-box for which he could not obtain payment, and, having ascertained that the King was going and did not care about the things, this misguided individual somehow obtained a summons against His Highness to appear before a local tribunal and answer to the plaint.

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RV 225


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RV 226


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RV 227


text: Page:The Earliest English Translations of Bürger's Lenore - A Study in English and German Romanticism - Emerson (1915).djvu/79


text: Page:The Earliest English Translations of Bürger's Lenore - A Study in English and German Romanticism - Emerson (1915).djvu/80


text: East European Quarterly/Volume 15

title: East European Quarterly/Volume 15


text: Page:The Earliest English Translations of Bürger's Lenore - A Study in English and German Romanticism - Emerson (1915).djvu/81


text: Page:The Earliest English Translations of Bürger's Lenore - A Study in English and German Romanticism - Emerson (1915).djvu/82


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 barbarism and their treachery. The secret was well kept. The conspirators were in no hurry to strike the blow. They waited patiently till a time when it seemed as if the force of the Latins was at the lowest, that is, when Prince Henry, brother of the emperor, had crossed the Hellespont with the flower of the troops. The empire in Europe was covered with thin and sparse garrisons; there were no forces in Constantinople to come to their succour should they try to hold out; they might be taken in detail and at once. And then those Byzantine Vespers began. It was a revolt of thousands against tens; there was a great slaughter, a rush of the little bands who escaped, upon Adrianople, where there was a fresh slaughter; and while the Greeks were up in successful revolt, the Bulgarians, accompanied by a savage band of 14,000 Comans, invaded the country, mad for pillage and revenge.

The position was one of extreme peril. Baldwin sent messengers to his brother, ordering him to return in all haste, and then made such hasty preparations as were possible, and sallied forth to the siege of Adrianople. Had he waited for Henry's return all might have gone well with him, but he would not wait. It was the rule of the Crusaders never to refuse battle, whatever the odds, a rule to which their greatest victories as well as their greatest disasters were chiefly due. What Godfrey did before Ascalon, Baldwin was ready to do before Adrianople. He had with him no more than a hundred and forty knights, with three trains of archers and men-at-arms—say a couple of thousand men in all. The gallant


text: Page:The Earliest English Translations of Bürger's Lenore - A Study in English and German Romanticism - Emerson (1915).djvu/84


text: The Earliest English Translations of Bürger's Lenore: a Study in English and German Romanticism/Chapter 8


text:
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476 him. Jericho and I have parted company. The new horse is not much to boast of, I think. One of his hind legs bends the wrong way, and the other one is as straight and stiff as a tent-pole. Most of his teeth are gone, and he is as blind as a bat. His nose has been broken at some time or other, and is arched like a culvert now. His under lip down like a camel’s, and his ears are chopped off close to his head. I had some trouble at first to find a name for him, but I finally concluded to call him Baalbec, because he is such a magnificent ruin. I can not keep from talking about my horses, because I have a very long and tedious journey before me, and they naturally occupy my thoughts about as much as matters of apparently much greater importance.

We satisfied our pilgrims by making those hard rides from Baalbec to Damascus, but Dan’s horse and Jack’s were so crippled we had to leave them behind and get fresh animals for them. The dragoman says Jack’s horse died. I swapped horses with Mohammed, the kingly-looking Egyptian who is our Ferguson’s lieutenant. By Ferguson I mean our dragoman Abraham, of course. I did not take this horse on account of his personal appearance, but because I have not seen his back. I do not wish to see it. I have seen the backs of all the other horses, and found most of them covered with dreadful saddle-boils which I know have not been washed or doctored for years. The idea of riding all day long over such ghastly in-


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Rh quisitions of torture is sickening. My horse must be like the others, but I have at least the consolation of not knowing it to be so.

I hope that in future I may be spared any more sentimental praises of the Arab’s idolatry of his horse. In boyhood I longed to be an Arab of the desert and have a beautiful mare, and call her Selim or Benjamin or Mohammed, and feed her with my own hands, and let her come into the tent, and teach her to caress me and look fondly upon me with her great tender eyes; and I wished that a stranger might come at such a time and offer me a hundred thousand dollars for her, so that I could do like the other Arabs—hesitate, yearn for the money, but overcome by my love for my mare, at last say, “Part with thee, my beautiful one! Never with my life! Away, tempter, I scorn thy gold!” and then bound into the saddle and speed over the desert like the wind!

But I recall those aspirations. If these Arabs be like the other Arabs, their love for their beautiful mares is a fraud. These of my acquaintance have no love for their horses, no sentiment of pity for them, and no knowledge of how to treat them or care for them. The Syrian saddle-blanket is a quilted mattrass [sic] two or three inches thick. It is never removed from the horse, day or night. It gets full of dirt and hair, and becomes soaked with sweat. It is bound to breed sores. These pirates never think of washing a horse’s back. They do not shelter the horses in the tents, either; they must stay out and take the weather as it comes. Look at poor cropped and dilapidated “Baalbec,” and weep for the sentiment that has been wasted upon the Selims of romance!


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Rh Son also Himself be subject unto Him who put all things under Him, that God may be all in all."

3. John, therefore, did distinctly foresee the first "resurrection of the just," and the inheritance in the kingdom of the earth; and what the prophets have prophesied concerning it harmonize [with his vision]. For the Lord also taught these things, when He promised that He would have the mixed cup new with His disciples in the kingdom. The apostle, too, has confessed that the creation shall be free from the bondage of corruption, [so as to pass] into the liberty of the sons of God. And in all these things, and by them all, the same God the Father is manifested, who fashioned man, and gave promise of the inheritance of the earth to the fathers, who brought it (the creature) forth [from bondage] at the resurrection of the just, and fulfils the promises for the kingdom of His Son; subsequently bestowing in a paternal manner those things which neither the eye has seen, nor the ear has heard, nor has [thought concerning them] arisen within the heart of man. For there is the one Son, who accomplished His Father's will; and one human race also in which the mysteries of God are wrought, "which the angels desire to look into;" and they are not able to search out the wisdom of God, by means' of which His handiwork, confirmed and incorporated with His Son, is brought to perfection; that His offspring, the First-begotten Word, should descend to the creature (facturam), that is, to what had been moulded (plasma), and that it should be contained by Him; and, on the other hand, the creature should contain the Word, and ascend to Him, passing beyond the angels, and be made after the image and likeness of God.


text: The Earliest English Translations of Bürger's Lenore: a Study in English and German Romanticism/Chapter 8/Leonora by J. T. Stanley


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 Villehardouin, Marshal of Romania, who was destined to survive this day and write its story, led the vanguard. The main body, with whom was Baldwin, was commanded by the Count of Blois; the rear was brought up by old Dandolo. The slender ranks of the little army were continually being recruited by the accession of the fugitive remains of the garrisons. On the way to Adrianople they met the light cavalry of the Comans. Orders were given not to pursue these light horsemen, who fought after the manner of the Parthians. In a solid phalanx the Western knights were able to face any odds, but scattered and dispersed, they would fall beneath the weight of numbers.

The order insisted on by Dandolo, who knew this kind of enemy, was broken by no others than the emperor himself and the Count of Blois. The Comans, as usual, fled at the first charge of the heavily-armed knights, who spurred after them, regardless of the order, and led by the emperor. When they had ridden a mile or so, when their horses were breathed, then the Comans closed in on the little band of knights, and the unequal contest began of a hundred and forty against fourteen thousand. Some few struggled out of the melée and found their way back to the rest of the army. Most fell upon the field. Among these was the Count of Blois. A few were taken prisoners, among whom was the emperor.

No one ever knew his fate. The wildest stories were told of this unfortunate prince. His hands and feet, it was said, were cut off, and he was exposed, mutilated, to the wild animals; he was beheaded; he enacted the part of


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 Joseph, Potiphar's wife being King John's queen. Nothing was too wild to be believed about him. Twenty years later a hermit of the Netherlands thought it would be possible to pass himself off as the real Baldwin, who had escaped from captivity, and was thus expiating his early sins. He obtained the fate from justice and the sympathy from the vulgar which have commonly been the lot of pretenders. Whatever the real end of this emperor, King John wrote a year later to the pope, calmly informing him that his intercession for Baldwin was no longer of any use, because he was no longer living. Then it was, and not till then, that his brother, Henry of Flanders, consented to assume the title of emperor.

Already the leaders of the Crusade, who only three years before had set sail so proudly from Venice, were dead or on the point of death. Baldwin murdered in captivity; the Count of Blois killed on the field of battle; Dandolo dead, at the age, say some writers, of a hundred, in the year 1205; the Marquis of Montferrat about to be slain in an obscure skirmish with the barbarous Bulgarians. Henry stood alone, save for the faithful Geoffrey de Villehardouin, Marshal of Champagne and Romania, who, though his narrative ceases at this point, is believed to have remained with the new emperor.

His reign lasted for ten years only. It was a reign of successful, brave, and prudent administration in things military, civil, and ecclesiastical. Its success was greatly assisted by the fact that very early in his reign the Greeks discovered the mistake they had made in changing the rule of the Latins for the rule of the Bulgarians.


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 amongst his own forests, by the banks of his well-loved streams, unseeking and unsought. Whence he came none know and few care, but this is the land that has given to, or taken from, him the nameof a Race that has spread over a wider area than any other Eastern people.

Malâya, land of the pirate and the âmok, your secrets have been well guarded, but the enemy has at last passed your gate, and soon the irresistible Juggernaut of Progress will have penetrated to your remotest fastness, slain your beasts, cut down your forests, "civilised" your people, clothed them in strange garments, and stamped them with the seal of a higher morality.

That time of regeneration will come rapidly, but for the moment the Malay of the Peninsula is as he has been these hundreds of years. Education and contact with Western people must produce the inevitable result. Isolated native races whose numbers are few must disappear or conform to the views of a stronger will and a higher intelligence. The Malays of the Peninsula will not disappear,

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Page:Ukpga 20000036 en.pdf/51

Rh SCHEDULE 1

1. Any government department.

2. The House of Commons.

3. The House of Lords.

4. The Northern Ireland Assembly.

5. The National Assembly for Wales.

6. The armed forces of the Crown, except—
 * (a) the special forces, and
 * (b) any unit or part of a unit which is for the time being required by the Secretary of State to assist the Government Communications Headquarters in the exercise of its functions.

England and Wales 7. A local authority within the meaning of the Local Government Act 1972, namely—
 * (a) in England, a county council, a London borough council, a district council or a parish council,
 * (b) in Wales, a county council, a county borough council or a community council.

8. The Greater London Authority.

9. The Common Council of the City of London, in respect of information held in its capacity as a local authority, police authority or port health authority.

10. The Sub-Treasurer of the Inner Temple or the Under-Treasurer of the Middle Temple, in respect of information held in his capacity as a local authority.

11. The Council of the Isles of Scilly.

12. A parish meeting constituted under section 13 of the Local Government Act 1972.

13. Any charter trustees constituted under section 246 of the Local Government Act 1972.

14. A fire authority constituted by a combination scheme under section 5 or 6 of the Fire Services Act 1947.

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48c. 36

15. A waste disposal authority established by virtue of an order under section 10(1) of the Local Government Act 1985.

16. A port health authority constituted by an order under section 2 of the Public Health (Control of Disease) Act 1984.

17. A licensing planning committee constituted under section 119 of the Licensing Act 1964.

18. An internal drainage board which is continued in being by virtue of section 1 of the Land Drainage Act 1991.

19. A joint authority established under Part IV of the Local Government Act 1985 (fire services, civil defence and transport).

20. The London Fire and Emergency Planning Authority.

21. A joint fire authority established by virtue of an order under section 42(2) of the Local Government Act 1985 (reorganisation of functions).

22. A body corporate established pursuant to an order under section 67 of the Local Government Act 1985 (transfer of functions to successors of residuary bodies, etc.).

23. A body corporate established pursuant to an order under section 22 of the Local Government Act 1992 (residuary bodies).

24. The Broads Authority established by section 1 of the Norfolk and Suffolk Broads Act 1988.

25. A joint committee constituted in accordance with section 102(1)(b) of the Local Government Act 1972.

26. A joint board which is continued in being by virtue of section 263(1) of the Local Government Act 1972.

27. A joint authority established under section 21 of the Local Government Act 1992.

28. A Passenger Transport Executive for a passenger transport area within the meaning of Part II of the Transport Act 1968.

29. Transport for London.

30. The London Transport Users Committee.

31. A joint board the constituent members of which consist of any of the public authorities described in paragraphs 8, 9, 10, 12, 15, 16, 20 to 31, 57 and 58.

32. A National Park authority established by an order under section 63 of the Environment Act 1995.

33. A joint planning board constituted for an area in Wales outside a National Park by an order under section 2(1B) of the Town and Country Planning Act 1990.

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Rh

34. A magistrates’ court committee established under section 27 of the Justices of the Peace Act 1997.

35. The London Development Agency. Northern Ireland 36. A district council within the meaning of the Local Government Act (Northern Ireland) 1972.

England and Wales 37. A Health Authority established under section 8 of the National Health Service Act 1977.

38. A special health authority established under section 11 of the National Health Service Act 1977.

39. A primary care trust established under section 16A of the National Health Service Act 1977.

40. A National Health Service trust established under section 5 of the National Health Service and Community Care Act 1990.

41. A Community Health Council established under section 20 of the National Health Service Act 1977.

42. The Dental Practice Board constituted under regulations made under section 37 of the National Health Service Act 1977.

43. The Public Health Laboratory Service Board constituted under Schedule 3 to the National Health Service Act 1977.

44. Any person providing general medical services, general dental services, general ophthalmic services or pharmaceutical services under Part II of the National Health Service Act 1977, in respect of information relating to the provision of those services.

45. Any person providing personal medical services or personal dental services under arrangements made under section 28C of the National Health Service Act 1977, in respect of information relating to the provision of those services. Northern Ireland 46. A Health and Social Services Board established under Article 16 of the Health and Personal Social Services (Northern Ireland) Order 1972.

47. A Health and Social Services Council established under Article 4 of the Health and Personal Social Services (Northern Ireland) Order 1991.

48. A Health and Social Services Trust established under Article 10 of the Health and Personal Social Services (Northern Ireland) Order 1991.

49. A special agency established under Article 3 of the Health and Personal Social Services (Special Agencies) (Northern Ireland) Order 1990.

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text:
Page:Ukpga 20000036 en.pdf/54

50c. 36

50. The Northern Ireland Central Services Agency for the Health and Social Services established under Article 26 of the Health and Personal Social Services (Northern Ireland) Order 1972.

51. Any person providing general medical services, general dental services, general ophthalmic services or pharmaceutical services under Part VI of the Health and Personal Social Services (Northern Ireland) Order 1972, in respect of information relating to the provision of those services.

England and Wales 52. The governing body of a maintained school, within the meaning of the School Standards and Framework Act 1998.

53.—(1) The governing body of—
 * (a) an institution within the further education sector,
 * (b) a university receiving financial support under section 65 of the Further and Higher Education Act 1992,
 * (c) an institution conducted by a higher education corporation,
 * (d) a designated institution for the purposes of Part II of the Further and Higher Education Act 1992 as defined by section 72(3) of that Act, or
 * (e) any college, school, hall or other institution of a university which falls within paragraph (b).

(2) In sub-paragraph (1)—
 * (a) “governing body” is to be interpreted in accordance with subsection (1) of section 90 of the Further and Higher Education Act 1992 but without regard to subsection (2) of that section,
 * (b) in paragraph (a), the reference to an institution within the further education sector is to be construed in accordance with section 91(3) of the Further and Higher Education Act 1992,
 * (c) in paragraph (c), “higher education corporation” has the meaning given by section 90(1) of that Act, and
 * (d) in paragraph (e) “college” includes any institution in the nature of a college.

Northern Ireland 54.—(1) The managers of—
 * (a) a controlled school, voluntary school or grant-maintained integrated school within the meaning of Article 2(2) of the Education and Libraries (Northern Ireland) Order 1986, or
 * (b) a pupil referral unit as defined by Article 87(1) of the Education (Northern Ireland) Order 1998.

(2) In sub-paragraph (1) “managers” has the meaning given by Article 2(2) of the Education and Libraries (Northern Ireland) Order 1986.

55.—(1) The governing body of—
 * (a) a university receiving financial support under Article 30 of the Education and Libraries (Northern Ireland) Order 1993,
 * (b) a college of education maintained in pursuance of arrangements under Article 66(1) or in respect of which grants are paid under Article 66(2) or (3) of the Education and Libraries (Northern Ireland) Order 1986, or

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text:
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 but they will change, and the process of "awakening" has in places already begun.

It might be rash to speculate on the gain which the future has in store for this people, but it is hardly likely to make them more personally interesting to the observer. This is the moment of transition, and these are sketches of the Malay as he is.

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text:
Page talk:Malay Sketches.pdf/8

Footer?
The transcription has ii in the footer, but the image doesn't seem to have a page number at all? MatthewVernon (talk) 11:48, 4 October 2023 (UTC)

title: Page talk:Malay Sketches.pdf/8