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Page:The New York Times, 1918-11-11.pdf/24

One of the biggest crowds the Hippodrome has ever held attended a combined Christmas and emergency fund benefit held yesterday afternoon under the joint auspices of the regimental "family units" of the 304th, 305th, and 306th Field Artillery Auxiliaries and the 302d Ammunition Train Auxiliary, together known as "New York's Own." Mrs. Robert Bacon presided and the speakers were Major Gen. J. Franklin Hall and Job E. Hedges. In addition to military drills by a provisional company from the 32d Infantry on Governors Island, a long musical program was furnished by Mme. Schumann-Heink, Leonora Sparkes, Riccardo Martin, David Bishham, Sascha Jacobsen, Percy Grainger, and Irving Berlin.

"In time or war it is the duty of the soldier to do, and not to talk," said General Bell in his speech, "but the occurrences of the last few days have causes a feeling of thankfulness to enter my heart, a thankfulness so great as to exclude any other feelings on earth. I do not care what happens now, for the war is practically over. This is a season for world-wide thanksgiving.

"I would like to make a few suggestions as to what we have to be thankful for. Suppose the Belgians, a relatively weak nation, cowed by the threats of the overwhelming force of savages, had consented to allow them to march through Belgium and had not completely stood to oppose them, where might we be now? And, great as they are, patient as they are, persevering as they are, what might have happened to the people of France, had not England arrived opportunely to help?"

General Bell paid tribute to the steadfast bravery of the French and the Italians, and then declared that this nation owed an everlasting debt of gratitude to the British navy. He pointed out that, if it had not been for the British sea fighters and the allied transports, it would have taken months longer to get an American force of formidable size in France.

Referring to the fact that the proceeds from the entertainment were for Christmas cheer among children of the men now in France, General Bell added that all present might realize how much joy and happiness their contribution to the entertainment would give to these little ones at home.

"All you have to do is to notice in our papers how much of a figure French children cut with our American soldiers. Have you seen an American soldier in France with a child? Do you know what it means to soldiers who have left children behind? What it means to them to be without their children over there? It is just as natural for American boys and soldiers to love children as it is natural for mothers to love them.

"Has any one ever heard of an American child or woman being injured by an American soldier?" the General exclaimed, in conclusion. "This particular year, as never before, we should celebrate Christmas. We have so much to be thankful to God for. If there is any one in this audience today who ever doubted that destiny shapes our end, that there is Providence in the fall of the sparrow, when you come to consider what has taken place in the last four years and what it is bound to mean to the human race, you can doubt no longer."

"I am thankful that the Almighty got tired of waiting for us to enter the war and pushed us into it," declared Mr. Hedges in his turn, "and I am thankful that the Flanders line held out until we got there. I am glad we got there, although it was 'on the afternoon of the last day left.' I am glad there is sufficient poetic justice in the world to make it necessary for Germany to ask for an armistice from a French General.

"I am sorry, however," he continued, "that the world will never know what the Kaiser is thinking about now; not that we care, but as a matter of intellectual exercise. I would like to know how he regards his present relationship with the Almighty."

After outlining the reasons that made it vital for this country to take its stand with the Allies and "forever establish that right is superior to might," Mr. Hedges drove home the terrible manner in which the enemy had made his war and gave two "proved instances" of the frequently charged barbarity.

"When the St. Mihiel salient was attacked," said the speaker, "a soldier entered the village and found there, nailed on a door, a dying, defenceless kitten, with nails through its four feet. Its cries attracted the soldier and he went and drew the nails. Drawing these nails released the bullet that took this soldier's life. And this was Germany's declaration that 'there shall be no mercy on this earth.'

"A statue of Christ had fallen from a nearby building. Soldiers started to raise it, and the act of raising it released bullets that killed them. And this was Germany's declaration that there should be no God on this earth, concluded Mr. Hedges.

The great audience was deeply impressed by the serious tony of both speakers. It gave a rousing welcome to the musical stars. Combined bands from Forts Totten and Hamilton, playing under the leadership of Rocco Resta, set off the noisiest demonstration of the evening.

LOST—On Sunday, the 10th, an automobile wire wheel with a 35x5 U.S. Nobby Tread shoe, somewhere between New Brunswick, N.J. and Brooklyn, N.Y.; liberal reward. Please notify 338 McDonough St., Brooklyn. Telephone 3556 Bedford.

LOST—A diamond and platinum necklace, fourteen inches long, at or between Hotels Claridge and Knickerbocker, Friday evening, about 7:30 o'clock. Liberal reward to finder. Charles H. Smith, 14 East 80th St., New York City. Plaza 3500.

LOST—On Sunday morning, police dog, wearing muzzle, chain and collar with name and address; liberal reward. Please return to Mrs. L. G. Scott, 19 East 66th St. Phone Plaza 5560.

LOST in taxicab, Saturday night, a gold meshbag with gold vanity case inside and money; liberal reward to finder. Please return to May A. Broesel, 131 West 74th St.

LOST—Saturday noon in Bloomingdale's, handbag with sum of money and other articles; liberal reward. M. H., 1,1107 Lexington Av.

LOST—Nov. 7, gentleman's scarf pin, solitaire diamond encircled sapphires; liberal reward; no questions. Krakeur, 41 West 82d.

LOST—Chased gold link bracelet, between Penn Station and 168 Waverly Place, Saturday night. Barratt, Circle 2330. Reward.

LOST—On Saturday, Nov. 9, silver fountain pen; initials V. H. H.; reward. Communicate M. S., 27 East 38th St.

LOST—Typewritten manuscript play. Ninth-Christopher neighborhood. Bigelow Drug Store cashier. Stuyvesant 4697. Reward.

LOST—Friday night, scarfpin, pearl, with square diamond. C. M. Fishel, 329 W. 87th. Reward.

LOST—Black Persian lamb collar at Broadway Theatre, Saturday night; reward. 771 Circle.

LOST—Lady's cameo pin Saturday, suitable reward. L. Benedicks, 29 East 31st.

$100 REWARD for information leading to recovery Hudson super six No. 61191; when lost. Oct. 15, had red wheels, blue body, orange marks on right side and top. P. O. Box 145, Brooklyn, N.Y.

REWARD for return of American flag brooch, lost Thursday, Nov. 7. somewhere between 62d and 60th St. and 5th and 30 Avs. 5th Av and 46th St.

The Federal Food Board issued a statement yesterday in behalf of the United States Food Administration, pointing out that there must be no relaxation in the general food conservation program because of changed war conditions. With every mile of territory gained, the board said, the food obligations of the United States increases.

"The sternest task yet set for the people of the United States, in the opinion of those who are in touch with the American-European food situation, is the shipment this crop year of virtually half as much food again as was shipped during the last crop year," the statement said. "During the last crop year the United States shipped to Europe close to 12,000,000 tons of food, and now from a stock not materially larger we are pledged to send 18,000,000 tons. This means saving hard, every meal, every day. It means scientific saving in every household, that it may be done without impairing the health or strength of our people.

"While changes in the war situation may result in slight alterations in the conservation program as outlined by Administrator Hoover, there must be no relaxation in the general program for food saving. Even in Belgium, where the supplies of the Relief Commission have been the only food resources, the death rate shows that the health of the population has been maintained. America has larger resources and a more varied died and it will not be necessary for us to depend on a daily dole of stinted rations, but it is necessary that we make every ounce of food count and every morsel contribute its last bit of nourishment."

An average of 30,000 queries a week are handled by the Bureau of Communication of the American Red Cross, according to an announcement by the organization yesterday. Of this number about 20,000 are from relatives of men in service overseas, the rest being from persons with relatives in cantonments on this side.

Because of the success of the bureau its work has been extended to camps in this country, at the request of the War Department. Queries concerning soldiers who have failed to write home, or who are reported as casualties, are cared for by the bureau. Red Cross searchers—there are 100 of them in France—obtain the desired information, and it is forwarded to the anxious families.

The Bureau of Prisoners' Relief is the only organization authorized to aid American prisoners of war. When a man is officially reported a prisoner, the bureau notifies his family that it will look out for his welfare. In addition to forwarding mail, money, and clothing to the prisoners the bureau sends to each man twenty pounds of food each week. Up to the present only a few of these food parcels have failed to reach their destinations.

A report of the war activities of the Jews, with a summary of political conditions affecting Jews in European countries, was presented yesterday at the twelfth annual meeting of the American Jewish Committee in the Hotel Astor. Louis Marshall presided, and in presenting the report it was pointed out that the committee was established in 1906 "to prevent the infraction of the civil and religious rights of the Jews throughout the world."

The report said that from 150,000 to 200,000 Jews were serving in the American armed forces, or about 130,000 in the army and about 20,000 in the navy and Marine Corps. The records of about 65,000 have been classified, and of that number 4,910 are commissioned officers. Up to Nov. 1 there were 2,502 casualties among the Jews whose names had been classified, or about 3.9 per cent. It is pointed out also in the report that while the infantry comprises about 44 per cent. of the total strength of the army the percentage of Jews in that arm is about 69.

"The committee also prosecuted the correlative task of guarding the rights of the Jews by combatting all manifestations of racial or religious discrimination," said the statement of the committee. "In the course of this activity the committee had correspondence with almost every branch of the Government and all the authorities exhibited every disposition to have the matters complained of fairly and justly settled and recurrence of them made impossible."

In its report upon the political conditions in Europe the committee pointed out that it had covered the countries that were "the homes of 10,000,000 of the 15,000,000 Jews of the world.2 The report praises the approval of the British Government given to the plan to establish in Palestine "a national home for the Jewish people," and reviews conditions in Russia, Ukraine, Poland, Rumania, Courland, Lithuania, Serbia, Greece and Turkey.

In Russia the Bolshevists have substituted an economic persecution for the religious persecution of the Czars, the report says. In speaking of the machinations of the Bolshevists and the attitude of the Russian Jews toward them it says:

"Although a large number of the Jews of Russia are the victims of the Bolshevists, a great proportion being engaged in trade and the professions and thus coming under the ban of the Bolshevists, yet, because several of the leaders of this group are Jews, the impression has been created in many quarters that the Jews of Russia are overwhelmingly identified with the Bolshevists and their excesses. From information which your committee has been able to secure of the state of affairs in that distracted country it can say with confidence that this report is entirely unfounded and that the Jews of Russia to an overwhelming extent are ranged on the side of those who are struggling for the restoration of decency and order and who are patriotically striving to deliver Russia from its present unhappy condition."

It will not be sufficient for the security of the Jews in Poland, the report says, if the Allies, in establishing the sovereign state, "merely make stipulations for the equality of all inhabitants, in a treaty or protocol." The report adds that some effectual guarantee must be added to the stipulations of the Polish charter. It continues:

"Will the new Poland be controlled by enlightened and broadminded men who will administer it as a great civilized State upon the basis now recognized to be the foundation of all modern civilized nations, or will the new State be the victim of those extreme Chauvinists whose motto has been publicly proclaimed as 'Poland for the Poles,' and who propose to arrive at this ideal by sending half of the Jews of Poland to America and the half to Palestine?"

A parallel of the possible status of the Jew in Poland is found in Rumanaia, the report says in pointing out that the Rumanian "oligarchy found no difficulty in circumventing the provision of the treaty of Berlin guaranteeing civil and political equality to all inhabitants irrespective of creed." The recent treaty of Bucharest provided for the naturalization of Jews born in Rumania, but the report asserts that the difficulty in the claiming of citizenship was that birth registrars there were not kept before 1866 and were irregular until 1880, so that Jews more than 15 years old whose parents were born in the country could not claim privileges of citizenship.

The probably addition to Rumania of the territories of Bessarabia, Transylvania, and Bukowina will increase the difficulties, and the report adds: "The Rumanian Jewish question is likely to assume the magnitude of the Polish Jewish question, and its solution in both cases must be the same—treaty stipulations and guarantees of their observance."

Louis Marshall was re-elected President of the committee, with Dr. Cyrus Adler and Julius Rosenwald as Vice Presidents. Abram I. Elkus and Albert D. Lasker of Chicago were elected members of the Executive Committee, on which are Dr. Cyrus Adler, Judge Mayer Sulzberger, Louis Marshall, Jacob H. Schiff, Oscar S. Strays, Cyrus L. Suizberger, Samuel Dorf, Professor Jacob H. Hollander, Isidor Sobel, Colonel Harry Cutler, A. Leo Weil, and Julius Rosenwald.

A suggestion for the building of a war monument in New York Bay near the Statue of Liberty to New York City soldiers who lost their lives in the war, was offered yesterday at the meeting of the Directors of the Army and Navy Service Station of the Young Men's Democratic League. It was proposed to have the military memorial face the statue, and a committee was appointed to start a movement for its erection.

Frank D. Shelley, President of the league, has applied to the War and Navy Departments for complete lists of the names of men from this city who have perished in the war. As a further honor to soldiers and sailors the league will petition to have the name of Battery Park changed to "Heroes' Park."

 [[File:New York Times - 1918.11.11 - 24 - Advert - Arnheim.png|center|350px|alt= Efficiency Our Long Range Gun is our newspaper advertising. Our aim is to hit every man with satisfaction. Our Ammunition is efficiency. Our Long Suit is to make you a Long Wearing Suit—and the best at the price that is in the range of human possibility.

Suits to your order $30 to $60. Overcoats $35 to $80.

Arnheim. TWO STORES BROADWAY & NINTH STREET AND 30 E. 42D ST., BET. FIFTH & MADISON AVES. ]]

[[File:New York Times - 1918.11.11 - 24 - Advert - Clemons.png|center|350px|alt= For upright, downright, outright Dollars' Worth you can't parallel my Custom Suitings to individual measure at only $30 to $60. They're materially better all through, as well as better in material, than clothes zippety-zipped through a factory.

The Trousers will wear you as long as the Coat and Waistcoat. The Fabrics are pure Ba! Ba! Wool. The Linings and Trimmings are the finest procurable. In addition, my body-gracing custom fit, my thoroughbred custom style and my gifted journeyman benchwork.

Overcoats to individual measure, $30 to $60.

Broadway at 39th St 20 Year On This Corner ]]

[[File:New York Times - 1918.11.11 - 24 - Advert - Mennen's Cream Dentifrice.png|center|500px|alt= The German Professor was wrong

The theory of modern dentifrices is a German theory. Recent scientific discoveries have proved that it is a wrong theory and that most modern dentifrices are actually harmful to the teeth.

The German professor started right, but his researches stopped half way.

He knew that the cause of tooth decay was a continual forming of acids from fermenting food particles in tooth crevices and cavities and under the gums. His chemistry told him that alkalines neutralize acids.

So he compounded an alkaline dentifrice.

That was several years ago, when the world had a blind respect for German chemistry. The professor's theory was generally accepted, and as a result most modern dentifrices are strongly alkaline.

Where the German professor went wrong was in not crediting Nature with intelligence enough to take care of the acids of food decay by a natural process.

As a matter of fact, Nature has made full provision for neutralizing these acids.

Saliva is alkaline. A copious and constant flow of saliva will render harmless the acids of food decay.

An alkaline dentifrice can only neutralise acids at the instant of using, but saliva is guarding your teeth from acid every minute of the 24 hours.

Now the danger of an alkaline dentifrice, as proved conclusively by analytical dental science, is that it paralyzes the salivary glands and stops the flow of saliva, thus defeating Nature's method and exposing the teeth to the unchecked ravages of acid.

A dry mouth is dangerous to teeth.

Mennen's Cream Dentifrice is positively non-alkaline. It does not stop the flow of saliva, but on the contrary, it stimulates the salivary glands by means of a mild, beneficial fruit acid which is in the Cream, thus increasing the secretion, flow and alkalinity of saliva and aiding Nature to guard your teeth from destructive acids.

Mennen's Cream Dentifrice cleans, whitens and polishes the teeth without scouring or grinding the enamel.

It breaks down tartar formations and mucin placques.

It has a 20% content of alcohol, which serves as an antiseptic deodorant and conditioner of the gums.

Aromatic oils make Mennen's pleasant to use, with a delightfully cool and refreshing after-taste.

Try one tube. You will like it immensely. Your teeth will be cleaner and whiter than ever before. You will be guarding them from acids, naturally.

Mennen's Cream Dentifrice costs 35c. For 25c you can buy dentifrices which are wrong in theory and harmful to teeth.

]]

[[File:New York Times - 1918.11.11 - 24 - Advert - Wallach Bros.png|center|350px|alt=

We thought of featuring one Special Suit Value for your approval today.

But when we started to select it, we found so many wonderful values that we decided to leave the selection to you.

One thing we will say, however: No matter what price Suit you buy here, it is sure to cost much less than we would have to sell it for on the basis of today's wholesale prices.

''There is a very interesting assortment of fine all-wool Suits at $30. Many more at $35, $40, $45 and $50—and up to $75 for some of the season's finest imported fabrics.''

Broadway, below Chambers Broadway, cor. 29th 246-258 west 125th 3d Ave, cor. 122d

Back Up the Huts that Buck Up the Boys—GIVE! ]]

[[File:New York Times - 1918.11.11 - 24 - Advert - Robert Burns Cigars.png|center|350px|alt=

WHERE is the mother who wouldn't be happy to go across with her soldier or sailor boy? To be near him and provide for his comfort in the ways that only a mother can?

But mothers can't go. So we have the Y.M.C.A., that National Catholic War Council-K. of C., the Jewish Welfare Board, the Y.W.C.A., the Salvation Army, the War Camp Community Service, and the American Library Association—all organized to provide the mother touch and keep our boys feeling fit.

It takes money to "mother" two or three million boys in France, and the United War Work Campaign asks you to give of your substance, that the boys who are fighting our battles may have some of the mother comforts of home.

We offer the following suggestion to smokers:

Give ten dollars for every Robert Burns Cigar you smoke today! ]]


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User talk:EncycloPetey/Archives/2024

WS:PD
Posting here because something is borked on your talk page. It's auto-generating a topic and text that I'm not writing.

WS:PD is "for proposing deletion of specific articles on Wikisource in accordance with the deletion policy, and appealing previously-deleted works." It is not intended for general discussions. That would need to happen in the Scriptorium. You can certainly link to a diff on the WS:PD page, and refer to the closure rationale for support, but WS:PD is not a general discussion page. The nominated page has been kept, and that concludes the discussion of that nomination. --EncycloPetey (talk) 01:35, 10 January 2024 (UTC)
 * My talk page has always been troublesome for me; I don’t think I’ve ever used it, or at least I don’t remember doing so, and I only read my messages when I’m not logged in (not that I care). I followed the template instructions. I could create another discussion, based off of another index that fits the same criteria, but I don’t think that that is a good use of total contributor time. TE(æ)A,ea. (talk) 02:38, 10 January 2024 (UTC)

"The Arctic Lover"
Thanks for reverting my erroneous edit to Template:New texts. So should the work only be listed once the entire book, at Poetical Works of William Cullen Bryant, is completed? ( moved it to a subpage there.) Thanks a lot, Cremastra (talk) 00:39, 20 January 2024 (UTC)
 * I'd like to chime in. I don't think it's necessarily inappropriate to include a "subwork" like a short story or a long poem in New texts. But a short poem like this one is pushing it a little, probably not harmful though in this one instance.
 * In any case, even if the collection isn't fully transcluded, the poem should still be included as a subpage of the collection, because not doing this can cause maintenance issues down the line, as can be seen with the dubious status of many of our poems by Emily Dickinson, an issue which has been here for over a decade but is just now being addressed. SnowyCinema (talk) 00:47, 20 January 2024 (UTC)
 * Okay, thanks a lot for the information. I will bear it in mind. Cremastra (talk) 00:49, 20 January 2024 (UTC)
 * The biggest problem in this instance was that the page you posted did not contain the complete poem. The poem continues across two pages (191 and 193), before and after the image.  But the second part of the poem was not present in the final page.  You had only included the first half of the poem. --EncycloPetey (talk) 00:58, 20 January 2024 (UTC)
 * Oh, darn, you're right. I had assumed it ended because the next page was entirely an image. My bad. Cremastra (talk) 01:17, 20 January 2024 (UTC)
 * It happens to the best of us. Books are long and complicated, eh? SnowyCinema (talk) 01:38, 20 January 2024 (UTC)

Why Author:Sukavich Rangsitpol is Locked
How can I add ?

During his trip to the Philippines, H.E. Mr Sukavich Rangsitpol was conferred an Honorary Degree of Doctor of Education by the Philippine Normal University. His will to reform education and strong leadership in educational management were highly commended.

https://web.archive.org/web/20220904100222/https://www.seameo.org/vl/library/dlwelcome/photogallery/president/sukavich.htm ทีมกฎหมาย (talk) 23:44, 20 January 2024 (UTC)
 * It was locked for repeated and persistent violation of copyright law. --EncycloPetey (talk) 23:47, 20 January 2024 (UTC)

Kalevala, vol. 2
It would be very helpful to me if you could set up the transclusion of the first chapter of volume 2 so that I have a model to follow. When I attempted to do that, it seemed to get mixed into vol. 1 and I am uncertain as to whether the two volumes should be treated as two volumes or as one extended volume in this case.

Thank you in advance for any help in this matter.

PWidergren (talk) 11:24, 27 January 2024 (UTC)
 * Done. --EncycloPetey (talk) 15:34, 27 January 2024 (UTC)
 * Thank you.
 * PWidergren (talk) 15:47, 27 January 2024 (UTC)

Thank for keeping me honest
Your recent comments on my upload of The Golden Ass of Apuleius reminded me of a project I worked on a while back. When I added a scan to Shakespeare's Sonnets (1883) I used a scan that had slightly different punctuation; I had intended to proofread it myself to fix it, but had eventually forgotten about it. Going back to it, I saw that people were ignoring the punctuation when proofreading. I'm a bit appalled that people are proofreading carelessly, but it shows that you are absolutely right that even small amounts of mismatched punctuation is enough to throw a wrench into a proofreading effort. I just wanted to thank you for driving this home for me :) —Beleg Tâl (talk) 14:29, 29 January 2024 (UTC)
 * Comment from the peanut gallery: I think it's hard to say if these were laziness on the part of the proofreaders, or just legitimate mistakes, even though there were a few. Specific bits of punctuation (such as "," -> ";") are some of the most difficult things for the eye to catch. And they're impossible for rules-based correction technology to catch, because there's so little difference between them syntactically that either one would usually work in a given context. Also, OCR technologies usually assume prose, since that's what they're best at, so poems generally have to be formatted from scratch, meaning more time is required and therefore more room for syntax errors. All in all, I'd be careful to assume laziness in proofreading, not just because I am guilty of making these kinds of errors myself (I try, I promise!), but that I'm quite confident to say we all are. I disagreed with the use of the "npsbs", but other than that the errors weren't particularly surprising to me. I've seen worse.
 * Also, while the ideal is obviously to get it as close to the text as possible (and we should ultimately correct it to that level), I personally don't think typos in proofreading should be considered hammer-worthy until they start to severely impact the meaning of the text, or how it looks aesthetically. Even 100 typos among 100,000 words that were correct (for example) is a pretty significant level of accuracy despite how it may seem on the individual pages. The fact that we have the text at all is what's important to most readers, and we make no guarantee to researchers or anyone else of absolute accuracy in our efforts. SnowyCinema (talk) 14:43, 29 January 2024 (UTC)
 * Yeah, I was operating on the assumption that adding a scan to a poor transcription would just mean that the transcription errors would get ironed out via the proofreading process; but as you say (and as EncycloPetey pointed out) this just makes the errors harder to catch. —Beleg Tâl (talk) 14:52, 29 January 2024 (UTC)

double check please
Hi, I think that Passing by Nella Larsen is public domain due to a lack of renewal. I was hoping you could double check to see if you find anything that I'm missing. If not then we can upload this version for transcription. SDudley (talk) 00:08, 9 February 2024 (UTC)
 * I do not find it either. So it looks like it lapsed in the US. --EncycloPetey (talk) 00:55, 9 February 2024 (UTC)
 * Thanks! SDudley (talk) 01:01, 9 February 2024 (UTC)
 * I created an Index for the book. SDudley (talk) 02:41, 9 February 2024 (UTC)

Yellow templates
Before you tell me about Template:Header/doc on my talk page, let's just get this out of the way...since you insisted on this becoming a point of contention.

If you care enough about this issue that you believe the template should be reinstated, consider a site-wide application of your desire. A bot would be the best way to deal with this, and maybe a nudge on someone's talk page, not driving down our readership count with yellow templates that make us look like a site filled with bugs (which I promise is far worse in the eyes of a reader than that minor "issue" of chapter navigation, if you could even call it an issue). I don't even disagree with Template:Header/doc's suggestion (which you're probably going to refer me to), and will probably apply it from here on out. But let's try to reserve those warning templates for absolute copypaste messes from 2005 (and the like), not recent proofread texts by active contributors with a single minor "issue" no one would ever notice.

You've been quite lenient with much less standard works than that one. And you've even been against standardization models that are written in other guidelines in the past. I wonder why that is. I wonder how you would feel if someone slapped that warning template on a work you proofread that used roman chapter numbers in wikititles... Since, after all, guidelines on roman numerals in wikititles (with exactly as much authority as the Header template docs if not more) do state that "Chapters, sections and so on should be numbered with Arabic numerals (i.e. 1, 2, 3; not Roman numerals)." I'm guessing the answer is you wouldn't be happy about it.

Anyway, if you insist to care a whole lot about this issue, I'm bringing this to a Scriptorium bot proposal discussion. I will absolutely not waste my time fixing those for this work or any of my previous ones, and if you insist on keeping the standardize templates there I'll do everything in my power to have one of three things happen: 1. Get the template documentation line changed to be more broad and allow what I did, or 2. Get the community to rule that the template documentation isn't authoritative enough to warrant a standardize template, or 3. Get a bot to fix all instances of the previous and next inconsistencies in discussion. In any case, the standardize template will end up removed. SnowyCinema (talk) 22:03, 27 February 2024 (UTC)
 * The documentation is directly referenced in Style guide under the very first point under Formatting. It is not simply documentation, but is also part of policy.  I note these as I find them, and have frequently gone to the trouble to clean them up myself.
 * As for Help:Subpages is a Help page, which describes the generalities for users needing help. There are exceptions in policy allowed for acts of dramatic works, which was discussed the last time we revised the policy. But even I limit myself on that to five-act plays; you can see Little Clay Cart (Ryder 1905), where I used Arabic numerals because the play had 10 acts.
 * I understand that you're unhappy, but as an admin you should not be posting works as completed that do not adhere to the basic guidelines of formatting. As an admin, you should be familiar with policy and helping to uphold it, not flagrantly ignoring it. --EncycloPetey (talk) 22:24, 27 February 2024 (UTC)
 * ✅ Sheep Limit is fixed per suggestion. SnowyCinema (talk) 02:13, 28 February 2024 (UTC)

King Pest
At wikidata, in the same menu as the badges are, you can "badger" a link as an intentional redirect. See Q1404570.--RaboKarbakian (talk) 11:21, 11 February 2024 (UTC)
 * We can, but that's not how editions should be handled at Wikidata. The editions go onto their own page, and should not be redirected.  Doing so plays havoc with interwiki connections.  The model is set up to understand the difference between a work and an edition; redirects from one to the other breaks that data model.  The edition is already linked from the work page in the appropriate section. --EncycloPetey (talk) 18:51, 11 February 2024 (UTC)

 * The link in the sidebars of the other wikimedia projects. If you are gutenberg, you have a stable link and can paste that link at wikipedia or wikiuniversity or where ever.  If you are wikisource (a wikimedia project), you are required by some obscure rule (which does not seem to have anything to do with linking wikis together) to have two versions before you can get the work to the side bars of the sister projects.  So, whether or not you intend to be an agent for Project Gutenberg and gutenberg.wikipedia.org (nee en), wikidata and its structure (which should be contained within the data and not the sister linkage) has turned you into one.

 * I like the wikidata rules for the data, the structure is: good for most cases; winds through some messy structures well; overall a very great thing. I try to make great data for them. Links betweeen wikis belong to the wikis though.  If wikipedia would have redirects to #subheadings, and if so called wikisourcers would allow redirects in works when only exists -- these two things alone would allow so much linking between wikis which was probably the original purpose of wikidata (and which was impossible before the redirect linking was allowed at wd).

 * That is my take on this, Sir Agent Petey. Please consider this.--RaboKarbakian (talk) 13:27, 13 February 2024 (UTC)

 * You are asking me to disregard the standards set by the Wikidata community and the standard norms of databases. I'm not going to disregard community standards or logic. --EncycloPetey (talk) 16:30, 13 February 2024 (UTC)

 * As if wikipedia is set up in a "logic". Interwiki links are not a data structure; they are only a small part of the data and perhaps could have a Property if people worried about data standards need to express their angst.  A monkey will randomly type Hamlet before wikipedia articles will occur in a logic without redirects.  Here, there will need to be two versions before wikidata allows an interwiki link?  Where is the logic in that?  I ask that you think about this rule.  Rules from wikidata belong to the Properties, interwiki links should belong to wikimedia.  Really, think some about it.  All I am trying to do is to make interwiki links work.  That rule about interwiki links got changed after I hacked the fables to get interwiki links to work.  I read about it at Scriptatorum.  Did you not read that?--RaboKarbakian (talk) 19:54, 13 February 2024 (UTC)

I am having so many problems here that could easily be linked to redirects at wikidata. Which would mean that you were completely right and I was completely wrong but for other reasons. So, I feel that I should apologize but I would have to kick the information highway which is truly at fault here. Instead

I have been, these last few months, on a computer which does not have a graphics card. The display is drawn via software with X and Wayland. The software I use for images, when I first used it had a way to refresh the image and the desktop also. I could use that here, on this computer. I suspect they all forgot about the computer memory when they started twiddling with those graphics cards. Two acronyms for DRM, Digital Rights Management and also Direct Rendering Media. So, I am missing libdrm here or libdrm has nothing to work with. gimp gets into something like a thrall when there is a lot of selection on it. I have to resize it and then wait for it to recover from that. So, as the acronym goes the ARM is DRMless.

It draws great browser pages. It previews images fine, even big ones -- they take a tolerable amount of time to render. It only failed deeply at large image manipulation and that only at the display software. So, I really like this box. DRMless ARM is good for many (if not most) things.

So, thanks for letting me kick the information highway on your talk page.--RaboKarbakian (talk) 09:02, 8 April 2024 (UTC)

Admin update discussions
Thank you for doing that. I got distracted last weekend with a job offer and completely forgot about it. Beeswaxcandle (talk) 04:34, 7 March 2024 (UTC)

Romance of the Rose
I have started to proofread the first volume of The Romance of the Rose, much in the same manner as the Kalevala volumes I recently finished proofreading. If you have the time, could you look it over, give me any suggestions if the sidenotes could be done better, for example and perhaps set up the three volumes to link together in a standard manner? If not, I would just try to mimic the setup of the Kalevala volumes, but it would be helpful. The table of contents is complicated, I am still trying to perfect that, so that it shows up well on the index page, but I would like to get it right. Thanks in advance for any assistance.

PWidergren (talk) 11:38, 7 March 2024 (UTC)
 * I may have time to look at it this weekend. IRL work has been busy the past couple of weeks. --EncycloPetey (talk) 17:32, 7 March 2024 (UTC)
 * I appreciate it. Thanks
 * PWidergren (talk) 00:16, 8 March 2024 (UTC)
 * Apologies for not remembering this sooner, but it looks as though you have a solution now. IRL became very busy the past few weeks. --EncycloPetey (talk) 19:34, 29 March 2024 (UTC)

Vulgar Errors
This was a redirect to Pseudodoxia Epidemica An Alphabetical Table which you deleted. Should the redirect page be deleted as well ? -- Beardo (talk) 19:47, 17 March 2024 (UTC)
 * Yes, it should. Thank you for bringing this to my attention. --EncycloPetey (talk) 21:11, 17 March 2024 (UTC)

Livy

 * https://www.google.it/books/edition/T_Livii_Historiarum_Ab_urbe_condita_libr/nJ72S0pa-ccC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=pacilius+tito+livio+ab+urbe&pg=PA947&printsec=frontcover
 * https://www.google.it/books/edition/T_Livii_Historiarum_Ab_urbe_condita_libr/nJ72S0pa-ccC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=pacilius+tito+livio+ab+urbe&pg=PA947&printsec=frontcover
 * About my my corrections in your translation of Titus Livy (by the way, heartfelt congratulations for the magnificent work), I attach the file which correctly shows that the real name is Caius Furius Pacilius. Please, therefore, correct the passage: Pacilius and not Pacilus. Thank you so much!!!!!! Tandem reverto in domum (talk) 10:29, 3 April 2024 (UTC)
 * That's a Latin edition, not the English translation that we are hosting. The English translation uses a different spelling than the Latin text. We are hosting the English translation made by Spillan (and others), and that translation uses the spelling Pacilus, as you can see here in this scan.  What spelling is used in a completely different edition of the work is irrelevant for our purposes.  Consider for example that Titus Livius is usually called "Livy" in English. We do not mix information from different editions, so we would not alter an English edition based on spellings in a different edition published in Latin.  --EncycloPetey (talk) 15:58, 3 April 2024 (UTC)
 * Ok. Thanks Tandem reverto in domum (talk) 17:53, 3 April 2024 (UTC)

Category:Index pages of works about Toki Pona
Sorry, my mistake. In that case, you'll also want to delete Category:Index - esperanto. I made the category because I was copying everything from Category:Esperanto language that also seemed relevant to Category:Toki Pona language. --Spenĉjo (talk) 00:38, 6 April 2024 (UTC)

 * You will also want to delete Category:Index - toki pona won't you ? -- Beardo (talk) 16:47, 10 April 2024 (UTC)

Image...
There was? I don't recall seeing that at the time; in fact I made a note then that it was a unilateral change but got sidetracked and forgot about it (which was why I changed it back now). If there was a discussion I must have entirely missed it, and links would be appreciated. A quick search now failed to turn up anything. Xover (talk) 20:50, 8 April 2024 (UTC)
 * I never loved the image change. Sure, George Eliot was a great author, well-respected, etc., but it still seems quite preferential for a general-purpose template. Someone's favorite author might be Tennyson or Blake or Wells or Wollstonecraft. The old image was more neutral in that respect, since it doesn't appear to depict any known individual in particular. SnowyCinema (talk) 21:15, 8 April 2024 (UTC)
 * It was a discussion held across multiple pages. I know at least three people were contacted individually, including me, for input. We didn't choose the image for "favorite" status, but for aesthetic and representational reasons. --EncycloPetey (talk) 21:55, 8 April 2024 (UTC)
 * What was it supposed to represent? A welcome template for Wikisource should represent books in general (our old welcome template image), or perhaps the concept of an archive, or perhaps the transcription process (the Main Page image), not portraits of specific authors. A new vote should be held. SnowyCinema (talk) 22:16, 8 April 2024 (UTC)
 * If you want to start a vote of some kind, you can certainly do so. Personally, I prefer an actual English-language author to an imaginary random guy from a painting. --EncycloPetey (talk) 22:24, 8 April 2024 (UTC)
 * Maybe a different ambiguous image would be more agreeable among our editors. While many of our actives being Western bibliophiles would understand George Eliot's work as common knowledge, she may not be immediately recognizable to potential editors from certain other backgrounds (cultural, educational, age, etc.) who may perceive the image as a random old portrait of a young woman. So the aesthetic wouldn't resonate with everyone. SnowyCinema (talk) 22:34, 8 April 2024 (UTC)
 * I'm pretty sure it's supposed to represent "a woman", and be "representative of women in literature". That is, it was picked motivated by a desire to increase the representation of women in history. Or so the candidates proposed (1, 2, 3) suggest. Which isn't a bad motivation per se, but it's a choice of priorities for this context with which not everyone will necessarily agree (I don't, for one). Xover (talk) 05:36, 9 April 2024 (UTC)
 * So three people, on various obscure pages where the community at large is not involved, and you consider that a consensus on which you would revert? Xover (talk) 05:26, 9 April 2024 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:EncycloPetey/Archives/2024


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 herbs. Other diseases are caused by spirits not amenable to herb-dwelling spirits; they must be tackled by spirits of a more powerful grade. The witch doctor who belongs to the school of Nkissism will become more profound on this matter still, and will tell you all herbs, indeed everything that comes out of the Earth, have in them some of the power of the Earth, Nkissi nisi; but the general view is the less concrete one—that it is a matter of only certain herbs having power. This I have been told over and over again in various West Coast tongues by various West African physicians, and in it lies the key to their treatment of disease—a key without which many of their methods are incomprehensible, but which shows up most clearly in the methods of the witch doctor himself. In the practice of the general practitioner, or, more properly speaking, the apothecary, it is merely a theory, just as a village chemist here may prescribe blue pill without worrying himself about its therapeutic action from a scientific point of view.

Before I pass on to the great witch doctor, the physician, I must detain you with a brief account of the neglected-by-traveller-because-less-showy African village apothecary, a really worthy person, who exists in every West African district I know of; often, as in the Calabar and Bonny region, a doctor whose practice extends over a fair-sized district, wherein he travels from village to village. If he comes across a case, he sits down and does his best with it, may be for a fortnight or a month at a time, and when he has finished with it and got his fee, off he goes again. Big towns, of course, have a resident apothecary, but I never came across a town that had two apothecaries. It may be professional etiquette, but, though I never like to think evil of the Profession whatever colour its complexion may be, it

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 tation, whether herbs or trees. To the north are the supplies of hell-fire, of snow, hail, smoke, ice, darkness, and windstorms, and in that vicinity sojourn all sorts of devils, demons, and malign spirits. Their dwelling-place is a great stretch of land, it would take five hundred years to traverse it. Beyond lies hell. To the south is the chamber containing reserves of fire, the cave of smoke, and the forge of blasts and hurricanes. Thus it comes that the wind blowing from the south brings heat and sultriness to the earth. Were it not for the angel Ben Nez, the Winged, who keeps the south wind back with his pinions, the world would be consumed. Besides, the fury of its blast is tempered by the north wind, which always appears as moderator, whatever other wind may be blowing.

In the east, the west, and the south, heaven and earth touch each other, but the north God left unfinished, that any man who announced himself as a god might be set the task of supplying the deficiency, and stand convicted as a pretender.

The construction of the earth was begun at the centre, with the foundation stone of the Temple, the Eben Shetiyah, for the Holy Land is at the central point of the surface of the earth, Jerusalem is at the central point of Palestine, and the Temple is situated at the centre of the Holy City. In the sanctuary itself the Hekal is the centre, and the holy Ark occupies the centre of the Hekal, built on the foundation stone, which thus is at the centre of the earth. Thence issued the first ray of light, piercing to the Holy Land, and from there illuminating the whole earth. The creation of the world, however, could not take place until


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 may somehow be connected with a knowledge of the properties of herbs, for I observed when at Corisco that an apothecary from the mainland who was over there for a visit shrank from dining with the local medico.

These apothecaries are, as aforesaid, learned in the properties of herbs, and they are the surgeons, in so far as surgery is ventured on. A witch doctor would not dream of performing an operation. Amongst these apothecaries there are lady doctors, who, though a bit dangerous in pharmacy, yet, as they do not venture on surgery, are, on the whole, safer than their confrères, for African surgery is heroic.

Many of the apothecaries' medical methods are fairly sound, however. The Dualla practitioner is truly great on poultices for extracting foreign substances from wounds, such as bits of old iron cooking pot, a very frequent foreign substance for a man to get into him in West Africa, owing to pots being broken up and used as bullets. Almost incredible stories are told by black men and white in Cameroons concerning the efficiency of these poultices; one I heard from a very reliable white authority there of a man who had been shot with bits of iron pot in the thigh. The white doctor extracted several pieces, and declared he had got them all out; but the man went on suffering and could not walk, so finally a country doctor was called in, and he applied his poultice. In a few minutes he removed it, and on its face lay two pieces of iron pot. The white doctor said they had been in the poultice all the time, but he did not carry public opinion with him, for the patient recovered rapidly.

The Negroes do not seem to me to go in for baths in medical treatment quite so much as the Bantu; they hold

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 more with making many little incisions in the skin round a swollen joint, then encasing it with clay and keeping a carefully tended fire going under it. But the Bantu is given greatly to baths, accompanied by massage, particularly in the treatment of that great West African affliction, rheumatism. The Mpongwe make a bath for the treatment of this disease by digging a suitably sized hole in the ground and putting into it seven herbs—whereof I know the native names only, not the scientific—and in addition in go cardamoms and peppers. Boiling water is then plentifully poured over these, and the patient is laid on and covered with the parboiled green stuff. Next a framework of twigs is placed over him, and he is hastily clayed up to keep the steam in, only his head remaining above ground. In this bath he is sometimes kept a few hours, sometimes a day and a half. He is liable to give the traveller who may happen suddenly on him while under treatment the idea that he is an atrocity; but he is not; and when he is taken out of the bath-poultice he is rubbed and kneaded all over, plenty more hot water being used in the process, this indeed being the palladium of West Coast physic.

The Fjort tribe do not bury their rheumatic patients until they are dead and all their debts paid, but they employ the vapour bath. My friend, Mr. R. E. Dennet, who has for the past eighteen years lived amongst the Fjort, and knows them as no other white man does, and knows also my insatiable thirst for any form of West African information, has kindly sent me some details of Fjort medical methods, which I give in his own words—"The Fjort have names for many diseases; aches are generally described as tanta ki tanta; they say the head suffers Ntu tanta ki tanta, the chest suffers Mtima tanta ki tanta, and so on. Rheumatism

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 that keeps to the joints of the bones and cripples the sufferer is called Ngoyo, while ordinary rheumatism is called Macongo. They generally try to cure this disease by giving the sufferers vapour baths. They put the leaves of the Nvuka into a pot of boiling water, and place the pot between the legs of the patient, who is made to sit up. They then cover up the patient and the pot with coverings.

"They try to relieve the local pain by spluttering the affected part with chalk, pepper, and logwood, and the leaves of certain plants that have the power of blistering.

"Small-pox they try to cure by smearing the body of the patient over with the pulped leaves of the mzeuzil. Palm oil is also used. These patients are taken to the woods, where a hut is built for them, or not, according to the wealth and desire of their relations. If poor they are often allowed to die of starvation. A kind of long thin worm that creeps about under the eyelid is called Loyia, and is skilfully extracted by many of the natives by means of a needle or piece of wood cut to a sharp point.

"Blind boils they call Fvuma, and they cure them by splintering over them the pulped root Nchechi, mixed with red and white earth. Leprosy they call Boisi, ague Chiosi, matter from the ear Mafina, rupture Sangafulla. But diseases of the lungs, heart, liver, and spleen seem to puzzle the native leeches and many natives die from these terrible ills. Cupping and bleeding, which they do with the hollow horns of the goat and the sharpened horn of a kid, are the remedies usually resorted to.

"All persons are supposed to have the power to give their enemies these different sicknesses. Amulets, frontlets, bracelets, and waistbands charged with medicines are also used as either charms or cures.

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 God had banished the ruler of the dark. “Retire,” God said to him, for I desire to create the world by means of light.” Only after the light had been fashioned, darkness arose, the light ruling in the sky, the darkness on the earth. The power of God displayed itself not only in the creation of the world of things, but equally in the limitations which He imposed upon each. The heavens and the earth stretched themselves out in length and breadth as though they aspired to infinitude, and it required the word of God to call a halt to their encroachments.

On the second day God brought forth four creations, the firmament, hell, fire, and the angels.

The firmament is not the same as the heavens of the first day. It is the crystal stretched forth over the heads of the Ḥayyot, from which the heavens derive their light, as the earth derives its light from the sun. This firmament saves the earth from being engulfed by the waters of the heavens; it forms the partition between the waters above and the waters below. It was made to crystallize into the solid it is by the heavenly fire, which broke its bounds, and condensed the surface of the firmament. Thus fire made a division between the celestial and the terrestrial at the time of creation, as it did at the revelation on Mount Sinai. The firmament is not more than three fingers thick, nevertheless it divides two such heavy bodies as the waters below, which are the foundations for the nether world, and the waters above, which are the foundations for the seven heavens, the Divine Throne, and the abode of the angels.


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 "A woman who was stung by a scorpion went nearly mad, and, rushing into the river, tried to drown herself. I tried my best to calm her and cure her by the application of a few simple remedies, but she kept us awake all night, and we had to hold her down nearly the whole time. I called in a native surgeon to see if he could do anything, and he spluttered some medicine over her, and, placing himself opposite to her, shouted at her and the evil spirit that was in her. She became calmer, and the surgeon left us. As I was afraid of a relapse, I sent the woman to be cured in a town close by. The Princess of the town picked out the sting of the scorpion with a needle, and gave the woman some herbs, which acted as a strong purge, and cured her. As the Nganga bilongo (apothecary) is busy curing the patient, he generally has a white fowl tied to a string fastened to a peg in the ground close to him. I have described this in Seven Years among the Fjort."

I think this communication of Mr. Dennett's is of much interest, and I hastily beg to remark that, if you have not got a devoted friend to hold you down all night, call in an apothecary in the morning time, and then hand you over to a Princess—things that are not always handy even in West Africa when you have been stung by a scorpion—things that, on the other hand, are always handy in West Africa—carbonate of soda applied promptly to the affected part will save you from wanting to drown yourself and much other inconvenience. The sting should be extracted regardless of the shedding of blood, carbonate of soda in hot water washed over the place, and then a poultice faced with carbonate of soda put on.

Although I do not say these West African doctors possess any specific for rheumatism, it is an undoubted fact that

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 Rh

It belonged to Major Ballard, who told me that formerly there used to resort great numbers of Pigeons and breed there; but the Inhabitants going thither and loading Boats with their young, they were disturbed, and left the place. In the Plains or Savannas, about Old Harbour, grows that fine Flower which I found in St. Christophers, and is hereafter described, and called commonly in Jamaica White Lillies.

Near Old Harbour is a place called the Canoes, which is the chief place for Fishing hereabout.

A little Westward of Old Harbour are Woods, and some few Hills, beyond which is a large Savanna or Plain, call'd Palmetto Savanna, from the great number of Palm-Trees growing in it. From Palmetto Savanna I went into the Seven Plantations, where at going into the place I fonnd a very bad smell and Air, which is occasion'd, as I was told, by the River call'd the Dry River. This River had at bottom great numbers of large round Stones, and was dry when I saw it, as it is often, but it is full of running water at some Seasons, and it then brings along with it Fishes of several sorts. When the River does not run these Fishes are left in holes in its bottom, where they are either taken by the Inhabitants, eat up by the Herns, or other Fowl feeding on them, or dye and corrupt the Water and Air. I was sensible of this corrupted Air when I was here. This dry River is swallowed up into the Earth, and rises again in some parts of it. It comes down from the Mountains when it Rains violently on them, so suddenly and impetuously, that I was told it had drowned a Boy, and six Horses he was watering, though no signs of its swelling appeared beforehand at the place where the accident happen'd. This place is cooler than the Town of St. Jago de la Vega, and Sir Francis Watson, who lived here, used to be more troubled with the Asthma then when in Town. For this purpose he had made a Chimney in one of the Rooms of his House, which was the only one I ever saw in this island, except in Kitchens.

Sir Francis Watson had made here a Refining-house for Sugars, which serv'd most part of the Island with fine Sugar, and that candied, little Refin'd being Exported. They dissolve the Moscovado or course Sugar in water, which they call melting, then they mix a strong Lixivium of quick Lime with it, and clarifie this mixture in a Furnace with Whites of Eggs over a Fire, then they strain it through a Blanket plac'd in a Basket over a Cistern, whence it is carried into Brass Coolers, and then is put into Pots. The Surface of it is evened and leveled with a Trouel in these Pots, and then 'tis cover'd with moist Clay, by which in seven Weeks, 'tis purg'd, knock'd out, and put into a Stove to be per-


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 the South-west Coast tribes, with their poultices and vapour baths, are very successful in treating it, more so than the true Negroes, with their clay plaster and baking method. Rheumatism is a disease the Africans seem especially liable to, whatever may be the local climate, whether it be that of the reeking Niger Delta, or the dry delightful climate of Cabinda; moreover, my friends who go whaling tell me the Bermuda negroes also suffer from rheumatism severely, and are "a perfect cuss," wanting to come and sit in the blood and blubber of fresh-killed whales. Small-pox is a vile scourge to Africa. The common treatment is to smear the body of the patient with the pulped leaves of the mzeuzil palm and with palm oil; but I cannot say the method is successful, save in preventing pitting, which it certainly does. The mortality from this disease, particularly among the South-west Coast tribes, is simply appalling. But it is extremely difficult to make the bush African realise that it is infectious, for he regards it as a curse from a great Nature spirit, sent in consequence of some sin, such as a man marrying within the restricted degree, or something of that kind. Mr. Dennett mentions small-pox patients being sent into the bush with more or less accommodation provided. Mr. Du Chaillu gave Mr. Fraser the idea that the Bakele tribe habitually drove their small-pox sick into the bush and neglected them, which certainly, from my knowledge of the tribe, I must say is not their constant habit by any means. I venture to think that this rough attempt at isolation among the Fjort is a remnant of the influence of the great Portuguese domination of the kingdom of Congo in the fifteenth, sixteenth, and seventeenth centuries, when the Roman Catholic missionaries got hold of the Fjort as no other West African has since been got hold of. Never-

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 The separation of the waters into upper and lower waters was the only act of the sort done by God in connection with the work of creation. All other acts were unifying. It therefore caused some difficulties. When God commanded, “Let the waters be gathered together, unto one place, and let the dry land appear,” certain parts refused to obey. They embraced each other all the more closely. In His wrath at the waters, God determined to let the whole of creation resolve itself into chaos again. He summoned the Angel of the Face, and ordered him to destroy the world. The angel opened his eyes wide, and scorching fires and thick clouds rolled forth from them, while he cried out, “He who divides the Red Sea in sunder!”—and the rebellious waters stood. The all, however, was still in danger of destruction. Then began the singer of God’s praises: “O Lord of the world, in days to come Thy creatures will sing praises without end to Thee, they will bless Thee boundlessly, and they will glorify Thee without measure. Thou wilt set Abraham apart from all mankind as Thine own; one of his sons Thou wilt call ‘My first-born’; and his descendants will take the yoke of Thy kingdom upon themselves. In holiness and purity Thou wilt bestow Thy Torah upon them, with the words, ‘I am the Lord your God’ whereunto they will make answer,’ All that God hath spoken we will do.’ And now I beseech Thee, have pity upon Thy world, destroy it not, for if Thou destroyest it, who will fulfil Thy will?” God was pacified; He withdrew the command ordaining the destruction of the world, but the waters He put under the mountains, to remain there forever.

The objection of the lower waters to division and sep-


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26 a better source of pleasure than the gratification of animal propensities, it indicates but a sorry intellectual capacity in those who inquire concerning every pursuit that is unconnected with the necessities of life—Cui Bono, "What good is it?"

"I have never known a man," says an old author, "become a worse husband, a worse father, or a worse friend, because he shared his love with a bird, a beetle, or a butterfly; and such an one is no less entitled to respect because he does not scorn to learn a lesson from the meanest thing that God has made."

N these modern days of hirsute appendages, when bipeds in moustaches are by no means rare, it may be a novelty to some to learn that the infection of fashion extends to "bipeds with feathers," and that a little bird, a Tit, is indigenous to our own country, which bears a most [sic]unmistakeable pair of sleek, black, pointed moustaches, but with which the males only are furnished. The Tits are a daring, impudent family from the Great Tit down to Tomtit, and carry a saucy appearance in their very physiognomy. Everyone who has an orchard knows the Blue Tit, and his lively fantastic evolutions about the branches of apple trees, sometimes on one side of a bough and then on the other; as often head downwards as with his head uppermost; with his rough hair-like coat of feathers blowing about like that of a Skye terrier, or the shaggy tuft which surmounts the head of a little city Arab. Our Tit is a far sleeker, smarter bird, he is in fact the "exquisite" of the family of Tits, and so far has severed connection with the plebian Tits, that he has taken to himself a new family name, and is regarded by naturalists as the type and scion of a new house, allied by family ties and old associations with the Tits, but no longer destined to bear their classical name (Parus). The Bearded Tit, for so it is most commonly called, has been dignified with a more aristocratic title (Calamophilus ) long enough to satisfy the most emulous of birds, and it no doubt glories, if bird can glory, in its trim, sleek, aristocratic appearance, an aristocratic pair of long black moustaches, and an aristocratic name. Little boys in Norfolk make "game" of it and call it reed pheasant, but it bears the sobriquet without complaint. Neither does it resent being called "Pinnock" as in some localities, though perfectly innocent of "Catechisms." Specimens of this bird mounted on little wooden perches, and placed on the shelves of glazed cases in public museums, are gross libels upon the bird in its state of nature. We have never seen a stuffed specimen quite to our mind, and scores that we strongly object to. Amongst his native reeds he is the liveliest little "acrobat" one ever saw, running up and down, sometimes with head uppermost, but as often with the long tail thrust out towards the zenith, and his head where ordinary and less vivacious birds seen by their conduct to consider that the tail ought to be. One of the best descriptions yet given of this bird in its native habitat is that of an observer, in the eighth number of Loudon's Magazine, nearly forty years ago, but the facts are true still. "I went," he wrote, "accompanied by one person and a dog to a piece of reeds below Barking Creek, on a cold, windy, dull morning, weather by no means favourable for my purpose. Arrived on our ground, we traversed it for some time without success; and were about to leave it, when our attention was roused by the alarm cry of this species, and looking up, we saw eight or ten of these beautiful little creatures on the wing, just topping the reeds over our head, uttering in full chorus their sweetly musical note, which resembles (if it may be likened to a word) the monosyllable ping, ping; pronounced at first slow and single, then two or three times in a more hurried manner: it may be compared to the music of very small cymbals; is clear and ringing, though soft, and corresponds well with the delicacy and beauty of the form and colour of the bird. We saw several flocks during the monring,


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 theless the keeping of the sick in huts you will find in almost all districts in places—i.e. round the house of a great doctor. My friend Miss Mary Slessor, of Okÿon, has the bush round her compound fairly studded with little temporary huts, each with a patient in. You see, distinguished doctors everywhere are a little uppish, and so their patients have to come to them. Such doctors are usually specialists, noted for a cure of some particular disease, and often patients will come to such a man from towns and villages a week's journey or more away, and then build their little shantie near his residence, and remain there while undergoing the cure.

There is a prevalent Coast notion that white men do not catch small-pox from black, but I do not think this is, at any rate, completely true. I was informed when in Loanda that during an epidemic of it amongst the natives, every white man had had a more or less severe touch, and I have known of cases of white men having small-pox in other West Coast places, small-pox they must either have caught from natives or have made themselves, which is improbable. I fancy it is a matter connected with the vaccination state of the white, although there seem to be some diseases prevalent among natives from which whites are immune—the Yaws, for example.

Less terrible in its ravages than small-pox, because it is far more limited in the number of its victims, is leprosy; still you will always find a case or so in a district. You will find the victims outcasts from society, not from a sense of its being an infectious disease, but because it is confounded with another disease, held to be a curse from an aggrieved Nature spirit. There was at Okÿon when I was there a leper who lived in a regular house of his own, not

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Rh a nation, a condition which, in order of thought and of importance is first of all, that is, that the people shall have a fund of common convictions, common principles, and common aims. The institutions of a country are only an embodiment and expression of the national faiths. We, for instance, as a nation, believe that every man has a full right to make the most of himself and that the commonwealth will gain by making the most of every individual born within its limits. Our common schools are an institution framed to give practical efficiency to this conviction. In a country or section where it is believed that one portion of the community are born to menial offices and that the commonwealth injures itself by educating them to be dissatisfied with their position, you will find no common school system. We believe also that the truth in regard to any matter whatsoever is most likely to emerge from a free discussion. We know that much will be said in such a discussion which will be crude, much which will be foolish, and perhaps some things which will be wicked and malicious. We nevertheless have faith in freedom. We trust it, and a free press is an institution which is a natural product of this conviction. In countries where such faiths are wanting, we meet with censorships, restrictions, and limitations. One part of the population undertakes to decide for another part what things are healthful and true. So, universally, the institutions of a country are the embodiment of its faiths. Moreover every law which is passed is an embodiment of a certain theoretical principle which is believed to be sound. There is a philosophy of some sort at the bottom of all legislation, whether it be the polished philosophy of the schools or the rough and ready philosophy of men of practical experience. We take private property for


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358 public uses because it is believed right and just to do so. We punish criminals because we believe in the theoretical doctrine that a man forfeits his right to life or liberty if he misuses his powers to the injury of his neighbors. We interfere with the freedom of purchase and sale of certain articles on grounds of public policy. Thus, as we say, all our public acts represent popular opinion, that is, the beliefs which the people cherish.

It follows from all this that if we are to be a united and harmonious nation, it is of the first importance that we shall be united in our convictions on those fundamental principles which underlie our jurisprudence, our legislation, our education, and our diplomacy. We must be agreed as to whether we will seek in our diplomacy petty advantages and jealous self-interest or whether we, as a nation, will contribute to the widest good of humanity; whether our motto shall be to see that our country is always right or to stand by our country right or wrong. We must be agreed as to the ends to be sought by government, whether they are the broadest national prosperity or the satisfaction of factions and parties. We must agree in our estimate of the true province and scope of legislation, whether men can be made good and rich by law or whether the true principle of strength be reluctance of the commonwealth to interfere further than is absolutely necessary with individual enterprise and the individual conscience. Our faith in the value of training and culture must be unanimous. We must esteem care and painstaking and thoroughness and industry in every department of life, and we must so esteem the authority of knowledge, experience, judgment, and sound reason as to be willing to defer to it. We must also be reasonably unanimous in regard to the highest interests of man, the relation of


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 a temporary hospital hut, but a house with a plantation. He led a lonely life, having no wife or family or slave; he was himself a slave, but not called on for service—it was just a lonely life. People would drop in on him and chat, and so on, but he did not live in town. There was also another one there, who had his own people round him, and to whom people would send their slaves, because he was regarded as a good doctor; but he also had his house in the bush, and not in town.

Undoubtedly the diseases that play the greatest continuous havoc with black life in West Africa are small-pox, divers forms of pneumonia, heart-disease, and tetanus, the latter being largely responsible for the terrible mortality among children; but the two West African native diseases most interesting to the European on account of their strangeness, are the malignant melancholy and the sleep sickness, and strangely enough both these diseases seem to have their head centre in one region—the lower Congo. They occur elsewhere, but in this region they are constantly present, and now and again seem to take an epidemic form. Regarding the first-named, I am still collecting information, for I cannot tell whether the malignant melancholy of the lower Congo is one and the same with the hystero-hypochondria, the home-sickness of the true Negro. In the lower Congo I was informed that this malignant melancholy had the native name signifying throwing backwards, from its being the habit of the afflicted to throw themselves backwards into water when they attempted a drowning form of suicide. They do not, however, confine themselves to

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238 the greatest treason against republican institutions which can possibly exist.

I believe that the American people love republican institutions. I have no doubt whatever that if we keep our records clean in regard to what republican institutions are, so that we recognize and repel the first inroads upon them, we can adapt our institutions to any exigencies that may arise. I think that the country has, to a certain extent, outgrown some of its institutions in their present form. I believe it has given its faith to some false and pernicious doctrines about equality and the rights of man. I believe that the astonishing social and economic developments of the last few years, together with some of the heavy problems which are legacies of the war, have thrown upon us difficulties whose magnitude we hardly yet appreciate and which we cannot cope with unless we set to work at them with greater energy and sobriety than we have yet employed. Some of these things involve or threaten the republic in its essence. We can deal with them all under its forms and methods if we have the political sense which the system requires. Here, however, lies the difficulty. Political institutions do not admit of sharp definition or rigid application; they need broad comprehension, gentle and conciliatory application; they require the highest statesmanship in public men. Self-government could not be established by all the political machinery which the wit of man could invent; on the contrary, the more machinery we have the greater is the danger to self-government. Civil liberty could not be defined by constitutions and treatises which might fill libraries; civil liberty cannot even be guaranteed by constitutions — I doubt if it can be stated in propositions at all. Yet civil liberty is the great end for which modern states


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 GEOGRAPHY OF INDIA. Comprising an Account of British India, and the various States, enclosed and adjoining. Fcap., pp. 250. 2s.

MOIRSMEMOIRS [sic] of ZEHIR-ED-DIN MUHAMMED BABER, Emperor of Hindustan, written by himself in the Jaghatai Turki, and translated partly by the late Esq., M.D., and partly by  Esq., with Notes and a Geographical and Historical Introduction, together with a Map of the Countries between the Oxus and Jaxartes, and a Memoir regarding its construction. By 4to. 25s.

PILGRIMAGE TO MECCA. By the Nawab Sikandar Begum of Bhopal. Translated from the Original Urdu. By Followed by a Sketch of the History of Bhopal. By C.B. With Photographs; and dedicated, by permission, to  Post 8vo. 21s.

DISTRICT MAP OF INDIA. Divided into Collectorates, with the Telegraphs and Railways, from Government Surveys. On six sheets—size, 5 ft. 6 in. high; 5 ft. 8 in. wide; in a case, £2 12s. 6d.; or, rollers, varnished., £3 3s. Corrected to 1876 as regards Railways, Telegraphs, &c.

A GENERAL MAP OF INDIA. Compiled chiefly from Surveys executed by order of the Government of India. On six sheets—size, 5 ft. 3 in. wide; 5 ft. 4 in. high, £2; or, on cloth, in case, £2 12s. 6d.; or, rollers, varnished, £3 3s. Corrected to 1876 as regards Railways, Telegraphs, &c.

MAP of INDIA. From the most recent Authorities. On two sheets—size, 2 ft. 10 in. wide; 3 ft. 3 in. high, 16s.; or, on cloth, in a case, 21s. Corrected to 1876 as regards Railways, Telegraphs, &c.

MAP of the ROUTES IN INDIA. With Tables of Distances between the principal Towns and Military Stations. On one sheet—size, 2 ft. 3 in. wide; 2 ft. 9 in. high, 9s.; or, on cloth, in a case, 12s. Corrected to 1876 as regards Railways, Telegraphs, &c.


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Rh We point out to them the woes of poverty, the consequences of improvidence, the penalties of idleness; the better parents we are the more we do this. We try to make them understand the world in which they live, so that they may hold sound principles and direct their energies wisely. The motive and purpose is to avoid the penalties which they see unwise men suffer, and to attain to the material prosperity and comfort which all men need and desire. Some obey; some do not. Those who obey might think that they are justified, then, in having, holding, and enjoying what they have earned. They might say that wealth is a reward for duty done, and that the faithful workman is entitled to sit down and enjoy the fruits of his labor.

If one of them draws any such inference he will be immediately corrected by the new philosophy. He will be told that wealth is a duty and a responsibility; that he holds it not for himself, but for others; and if he asks for whom, he will be told that he is only a trustee for those who did not obey the teachings of boyhood about industry, temperance, prudence, and frugality. He tried to take his own course and let others take theirs; he tried to do right and prosper and let others do ill and suffer if they preferred; but he finds, as a result of his course, that he has made himself responsible for those who took the other course, while they are not responsible for anybody, not even for themselves. This new kind of trustee also is not allowed to administer his trust for the benefit of the beneficiaries, according to his own judgment; that is done for him by the doctors of the new philosophy. His function is limited to producing and saving.

If a man, in the organization of labor, employs other men to assist in an industrial enterprise, it was formerly


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 attempts to drown themselves only, but are equally given to hanging, the constant thing about all their attempts being a lack of enthusiasm about getting the thing definitely done: the patient seems to potter at it, not much caring whether he does successfully hang or drown himself or no, but just keeps on, as if he could not help doing it. This has probably given rise to the native method of treating this disease—namely, holding a meeting of the patient's responsible relations, who point out elaborately to him the advantages of life over death, and enquire of him his reasons for hankering after the latter. If in spite of these representations he persists in a course of habitual suicide, he is knocked on the head and thrown into the river; for it is a nuisance to have a person about who is continually hanging himself to the house ridge pole and pulling the roof half off, or requiring a course of sensational rescues from drowning.

The sleep disease is also a strange thing. When I first arrived in Africa in 1893 there had just been a dreadful epidemic of it in the Kakongo and lower Congo region, and I saw a good many cases, and became much interested in it, and have ever since been trying to gather further information regarding it.

Dr. Patrick Manson in his important paper states that it has never been known to affect any one who has not at one time or another been resident within this area, and

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196 thought that the rights and duties of the parties were defined by the contract which they made with each other. The new doctrine is that the employer becomes responsible for the welfare of the employees in a number of respects. They do not each remain what they were before this contract, independent members of society, each pursuing happiness in his own way according to his own ideas of it. The employee is not held to any new responsibility for the welfare of the employer; the duties are all held to lie on the other side. The employer must assure the employed against the risks of his calling, and even against his own negligence; the employee is not held to assure himself, as a free man with all his own responsibilities, although the scheme may be so devised that the assurance is paid for out of his wages; he is released from responsibility for himself. The common law recognizes the only true and rational liability of employers, viz., that which is deducible from the responsibilities which the employer has assumed in the relation. The new doctrines which are preached and which have been embodied in the legislation of some countries, are not based on any rational responsibility of the employer but on the fact that the employee may sometimes find himself in a very hard case, either through his own negligence or through unavoidable mischances of life, and that there is nobody else who can be made to take care of him but his employer.

In the advance of the industrial organization it has come about that interests have been subdivided and rights have been created in the various interests. The most important of these divisions is that between a specific interest, like that of the mortgagees or bond-holders, and a contingent interest, like that of the title-holder or the stock-holder. The tendency to separate


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Works

 * A Pilgrimage to Mecca (1870)

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 and, if beaten or reviled, he will smother his choler, nay, kiss the hand that has chastised him, but waits a fit opportunity for vengeance, and carefully weighs kicks against coppers. He is generally so servile as to make you bear with his worthlessness, even though you despise him; and, when your anger appears to threaten him with the loss of his place and is at the highest, he smooths it down with an extraordinary day’s activity, making you hope that a reformation has taken place in him: but it is all delusion. And think not that you, a Christian, can raise your hand against the meanest servant, if a Mahometan: when you would have him beaten, you must employ another Mahometan to do it, who will, however, lay on to your heart’s content.

What has been said above applies to the menials of towns and cities. Of another class of servants taken from the villages, Lady Hester used to say, "I have tried the Syrian fellahs" (peasants) "for twenty years as servants, and I ought to know pretty well what they are fit for. It is my opinion that, for hard work, lifting heavy things, going with mules and asses, for foot messengers across the country, and for such business, you may make something of them, but for nothing else. The women are idle, and prone to thieving; and it is impossible to teach them any European usages."


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] or, what is more probable, the same flock several times. Their flights are short and low, only sufficient to clear the reeds; on the seedy tops of which they alight to feed. If disturbed, they immediately descend by running, or rather by dropping. The movement is rapid along the stalk to the bottom, where they creep and flit, perfectly concealed from view by the closeness of the covert and the resembling tints of their plumage.

"We could hear, but not see, our dog hunting; and we thought he was of service in pointing out to us whereabouts the birds were. His being near them, however, did not make them easily take wing; they seemed to follow him, hovering and crying about him. I question if we should have seen, or even heard, a single bird without his assistance. We were fortunate enough to shoot one (a male) in fine plumage. I held it in my hand when scarcely dead. Nothing could exceed the beauty of the eye; the bright orange of the iris, nearly surrounded as it is by the deep glossy black of the moustaches and streak above, receives additional brilliancy from the contrast, and struck me as a masterpiece of arrangement in colour and neatness. The bill also was of a fine clear delicate orange; but this, too, soon became dull and opaque."

Their food is said to consist of the seeds of the reed, as well as insects and small snails, but we are disposed to conclude from the contents of their crops that they are more insectivorous than otherwise, at least, during the summer months.

The Bearded Tit is found amongst reeds in various parts of Great Britain. We have seen it commonly in Norfolk, and knew that it is found also in Cambridgeshire, and along the banks of the Thames. It is also recorded to occur in Suffolk and Lincolnshire, and a very few other localities. In Scotland it appears to be unknown, and in Ireland to have been seen but once.

During the month of April, this Tit builds its nest amongst the dry stems of grass, reeds, and sedges; these it binds together around its nest by interlacing them with the outer layer of reed leaves, of which the structure is composed. The nest is sometimes in such a position amongst reeds, that it is scarcely possible to reach it from the shore, unless by wading in three feet of water and mud, into the depths of reed-clumps. The marshmen know more of the homes, haunts, and habits of this bird than any one else, or at least might do if they not only saw but observed, and the nests are seldom taken by any except themselves. We have seen a great many nests in our time, and not one taken from the ground, but from within a few inches to a foot of the surface, or suspended amongst dry grass, reeds, or, rarely, in a clump of fragrant "gale," or "guile," as it is locally termed ( Myrica gale). The eggs are commonly but four or five, of a pinkish-white, irregularly spotted and streaked with reddish-brown, and larger than those of any other British Tit, except the Great Tit. In process of time the eggs are hatched, and a young progeny grow up, to gambol and [sic]sommersault amongst the reeds,—and wear moustaches. M. C. C.

OME months since, availing myself of a fine afternoon and a few hours' leisure, I made an excursion into the country in search of objects for my microscope. I had scarcely commenced operations, when I fell in with a gentleman, who, as I soon discovered, was on the same pursuit as myself: the similarity of our object superseded the necessity of a formal introduction; by a kind of instinct we became mutually attracted to each other, and in a few minutes were as free and familiar as old friends.

I found my friend, for so I shall now call him, was the possessor of one of the best microscopes, with objectives ranging from 2 in. to, and all the et ceteras, that placed within his reach every facility for microscopic research. On the present occasion he was hunting for Entomostraca, Rotifera, and any other kind of Infusoria that might come to hand. In the course of conversation, I said, "Are you well up in Diatoms?" To my astonishment, he replied by asking, "What is a Diatom?" For the moment I thought I had unconsciously met with some learned professor, and that his interrogatory was intended to probe the depth of my knowledge on this interesting question, but I soon found that he did not know what I meant by Diatom, and that he was really unconscious of ever having seen one.

I do not suppose that amongst our readers there is one so thoroughly ignorant on a subject familiar to almost every microscopist; there may perhaps be some to whom the following hints on Diatomaceæ would not be uninteresting.

The Diatomaceæ are a large family of tiny plants, almost invisible to the naked eye, re-


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 observes on its distribution that "it seems probable that as our knowledge of Africa extends, this disease will be found endemic here and there throughout the basins of the Senegal, the Niger, the Congo, and their affluents. We have no information of its existence in the districts drained by the Nile and the Zambesi, nor anywhere on the eastern side of the continent." As far as my own knowledge goes the centres of this disease are the Senegal and the Congo. I never saw a case in the Oil Rivers, nor could I hear of any, though I made every inquiry; the cases I heard of from Lagos and the Oil Rivers were among people who had been down as labourers, &c., to the Congo. What is the reason of this I do not know, but certainly the people of the lower Congo are much given to all kinds of diseases, far more so than those inhabiting the dense forest regions of Congo Français, or the much-abused mangrove swamps of the Niger Delta.

Dr. Manson says, "The sleeping sickness has been attributed to such things as sunstroke, beriberi, malaria, poison, peculiar foods, such as raw bitter manioc, and diseased grain; it is evident, however, that none of these things explains all the facts." In regard to this I may say I have often heard it ascribed to the manioc when in Kakongo, the idea being that when manioc was soaked in water surcharged with the poisonous extract, it had a bad effect. Certainly in Kakongo this was frequently the case in many districts where water was comparatively scarce. The pools used for soaking the root in stank, and the prepared root stank, in the peculiar way it can, something like sour paste, with a dash of acetic acid, and thereby the villages stank and the market-places ditto, in a way that could be of no use to any one except a person anxious to find

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Rh these interests, and to define the rights corresponding to them, is rich in advantage to different classes in the community and in advantage to the industrial development. The specific interest in the gains of the enterprise is that of the landlord, mortgagee, bondholder, or employee; the contingent interest in the gains is that of the title-holder, stock-holder, tenant, or employer. The specific interest is always free from risk and excluded from control. The maintenance of this separation of interests is not possible unless there is the most firm enforcement of contracts. In some of the cases the difficulty is that the specific interest tries to get a share in the contingent gains, when it is found out that there are such. In other cases, the contingent gain not having been realized, those who own it try to encroach upon the specific or guaranteed interest. If it is possible for either to succeed, then a contract relation is transformed into a relation of "heads I win, tails you lose." The responsibilities of the parties are made to vary from the engagements into which they have entered. The current attacks on landlords and creditors are, therefore, radically unjust, and the insecurity for the more refined relations and interests which arises from the weakening of the contract relation is injurious to the whole industrial organization.

In short, the policy which we are invited to accept is one in which every duty which a man accomplishes is made the basis, not for rights and rewards, but for new duties and subjection to new demands. Every duty which is neglected becomes a ground for new rights and claims. The well-to-do man is to do without things which his means might buy for himself in order that he may pay taxes to provide those same things in a public way for people who have not earned them. The man who


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 One day, in walking through the back yard, I observed two stakes, about six feet high and sharply pointed, stuck deep and firmly into the ground, which had before escaped my notice. I inquired what they were for, but got no satisfactory answer, the dairy-man, to whom I addressed myself, using the reply so common throughout the East, Ma aref (I don't know); for no people in the world have so quick a scent of the danger of being brought into trouble by professing to know what is inquired about as the Orientals. A Jew, in a street in Turkey, and a Christian likewise, is sure to answer the most simple question by an "I don't know"—"I have not heard"—"I have not seen;" for he fears what that question may lead to, and that, if he knows a little, a bastinadoing may be resorted to to make him know more: so I afterwards asked Lady Hester. "Oh!" replied she, "I'll tell you how those stakes came there: I had forgotten all about them. One day, at the time they were robbing me right and left, I ordered the carpenter to make two stakes, such as people are impaled upon, and to erect them in the back yard. I spoke not to any one why or wherefore I had given the order; but if you had seen the fright that pervaded the house, and for weeks how well the maids behaved, you would then have known, as I do, that it is only by such terrible means that these abominable jades can be kept under. From


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198 by toil has tried to get the knowledge which alone enables men to judge, is not to have the deciding voice, but is to stand behind the man who has neglected to get knowledge while the latter gives the deciding voice, and to take or avert the consequences. All this is preached to us on the ground that it is public-spirited, unselfish, and altruistic. It is immoral to the very last degree and opposed to the simplest common sense. It cannot fail to avenge itself in social consequences of the most serious character.


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 that time to this it appears the stakes have remained; for, as I never go into that yard, I had forgotten them: but since they are there still, there let them be."

Thus Lady Hester was dying in a struggle to cure her men and maids of theft, lying, and carelessness, whilst they ended the month with the same indifference to honesty, truth, and cleanliness, as they began it.

Each one was a sycophant to those who had authority over him; each one distrusted his comrade. Lady Hester might say with truth, "If I did not act so, they would cut your throat and mine: but why did she keep such wretches about her? why not turn them away, and procure European servants? or why continue to live in such a wild mountain, and not make her dwelling-place in or near a city, where consular protection was at hand? The first three questions I have endeavoured to answer already; and, as for the last, respecting consular protection, he that had dared to suggest such an expedient of safety to her would have rued the observation. To name a consul in that sense to her was to name what was most odious; and the epithets that were generally coupled with their names were such as I have too much respect for that useful body of magistrates to put down in writing.

Saturday, November 25.—As I was returning from


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 the village about four in the afternoon, on ascending the side of the hill on which Lady Hester’s house stands, I met four persons mounted on mules, and conjectured them, by their boots, which were black, and reached up to the calf of the leg, not to be of the country; for in Syria either red or yellow boots are always worn. They had on Morea capotes, and their dress was that of the more northern provinces of Turkey. In passing them, I said, "Good evening!" in Arabic, but, on receiving no answer from the two nearest to me, I looked hard at them, and immediately saw they were Europeans.

On alighting at my own door, I asked the servant if he had seen anybody go by, and his reply was, that three or four Turkish soldiers had passed. I then inquired of one of Lady Hester’s muleteers, who was unloading some provisions he had brought from Sayda, if he knew who the four men were whom I had seen; and he answered that, at the foot of the hill, they had inquired of him the road to Jôon, and that they were Milordi travelling: Milordo being the term applied to every European who travels in the Levant with a man-servant, and has money to spend.

I went in to Lady Hester a few minutes afterwards, and told her that some travellers, as I thought, to get a nearer view of her house than could be had from the high road, had made a round, and had just ridden past


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 his homestead in the dark; but Dr. Manson's suggestion is far more likely to be the correct one. Against it I can only urge that in some districts where I am informed by my medical friends that Filaria perstans is very prevalent, such as Calabar, the Niger, and the Ogowe, sleeping sickness is not prevalent. Dr. Manson says "the fact that the disease can be acquired only in a comparatively limited area, suggests that the cause is similarly limited; and the fact that the disease may develop years after the endemic area has been quitted, suggests that the cause is of such a nature that it may be carried away from the endemic area and remain latent, as regards its disease-producing qualities for a considerable period; even for years." He then goes on to say, "Filaria perstans, so far as is known, is limited in its geographical distribution to Western Equatorial Africa—that is to say, it can be acquired there only—and it may continue in active life for many years after its human host has left the country in which alone it can be acquired. We also know that similar entozoa in their wanderings in the tissues by accident of location, or by disease, or injury of their organs, not infrequently give rise to grave lesions in their hosts. I therefore suggest that possibly Filiaria perstans may in some way be responsible for the sleeping sickness. I know that this parasite is extremely common in certain sleeping sickness districts, and moreover, I have found it in the blood of a considerable number of cases of this disease—in six out of ten—including that described by Mackenzie. There are many difficulties in the way of establishing this hypothesis, but there is a sufficient inherent probability about it to make it well worth following up."

The most important statement that I have been able to

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