text: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/80

title: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/80


text:
Page:Hutcheson Macaulay Posnett - Comparative Literature (1886).djvu/406

 centuries did not know whether it was of earth or the infinite; and this confused judgment made it willing to look on Nature partially as a beautiful machine, its exquisite mechanism worthy of such word-pictures as L'Allegro and Il Penseroso contain, partially as a pagan god to be duly invoked only in good old pagan fashion, and partially as a perishable nullity destined to be "rolled together as a scroll"—in any case connected by no profoundly real links with man’s social and individual life.

§ 98. "If we would copy Nature, it may be useful to take this idea along with us, that the pastoral is an image of what they call the golden age. So that we are not to describe our shepherds as shepherds at this day really are, but as they may be conceived then to have been, when the best of men followed the employment. To carry this resemblance yet farther, it would not be amiss to give these shepherds some skill in astronomy, as far as it may be useful to that sort of life." So thought and wrote Alexander Pope in his Discourse on Pastoral Poetry. Yet who would look for genuine sympathy with Nature from the poet of court intrigues, personal satire, well-bred criticism, and a mongrel Nature in which Sicilian muses sing on the banks of the Thames, and our Theocritean acquaintances, Daphnis and the rest, repeat the similes of the Greek in correct English couplets? Who could expect such sympathy from the disciple of a poet who in his Passage du Rhin is more troubled by the insertion of ugly names ("Quel vers ne tomberait au seul nom de Heusden?") than the description of Nature, and mistakes lifeless symbols like "Rhine, leaning with one hand propped upon his urn," or the classical Naiades, for the fresh inspiration of Nature?

Yet it would be a mistake to suppose that the artificial poetry of courts did nothing for Nature but surround

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/81

title: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/81


text: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/82

title: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/82


text: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/83

title: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/83


text: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/84

title: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/84


text:
Page:The Necromancer, or, The Tale of the Black Forest Vol. 2.djvu/82

 relating, with much garrulity, many stories of the dear gentlemen, as she called the robbers, and extolling their generosity to the skies.

Perceiving that I did not relish her tiresome tales, she fetched books, cards, and dice, leaving it to my choice what sort of amusement I should fix upon. I preferred reading to a teté-à-téte with the old witch, and endeavoured to dispel the gloom of my mind, by perusing an old book of chivalry.

At night my rusty companion wanted me to sit down to supper with her, which I refused, requesting her to shew me to my bedroom: Vexed by my refusal, she mumbled something between her few remaining teeth, and opened the door of a small side room, where I found a couch, made of clean straw, and covered with a blanket; throwing myself upon it, I slept for the first time sweet and soundly after eight painful nights of horror.


text: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/85

title: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/85


text: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/86

title: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/86


text: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/87

title: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/87


text: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/88

title: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/88


text: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/89

title: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/89


text: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/90

title: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/90


text: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/91

title: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/91


text: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/92

title: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/92


text: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/93

title: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/93


text: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/94

title: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/94


text: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/95

title: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/95


text: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/96

title: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/96


text: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/97

title: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/97


text: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/98

title: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/98


text: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/99

title: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/99


text: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/100

title: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/100


text: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/101

title: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/101


text: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/102

title: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/102


text: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/103

title: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/103


text: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/104

title: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/104


text: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/105

title: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/105


text: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/106

title: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/106


text: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/107

title: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/107


text: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/108

title: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/108


text: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/109

title: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/109


text: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/110

title: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/110


text: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/111

title: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/111


text: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/112

title: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/112


text: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/113

title: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/113


text: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/114

title: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/114


text: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/115

title: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/115


text: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/116

title: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/116


text: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/117

title: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/117


text:
Page:The Necromancer, or, The Tale of the Black Forest Vol. 2.djvu/83

 The next morning the old woman thundered at my door, telling me it was broad day, and past nine o'clock, and that our gentlemen would soon return to dinner: I got up much refreshed, and assisted her in the kitchen, which pleased her so well that the promised to recommend me to the good graces of the Captain.

Thus far had my servant proceeded in his narration, without having been interrupted by me, though he had been very circumlocutious, and spoken above an hour: It gave me great pleasure to hear a circumstantial description of the robbers and their cave, and honest John's simplicity afforded me great amusement, which proved a very seasonable relief, in my then gloomy state of mind, I therefore was very much vexed when one of the serjeants entered to tell him that they were waiting for him to proceed on their march, and bade him make haste, just as he


text: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/118

title: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/118


text: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/119

title: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/119


text: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/120

title: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/120


text: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/121

title: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/121


text: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/122

title: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/122


text: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/123

title: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/123


text: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/124

title: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/124


text: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/125

title: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/125


text: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/126

title: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/126


text: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/127

title: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/127


text: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/128

title: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/128


text: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/129

title: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/129


text: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/130

title: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/130


text: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/131

title: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/131


text: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/132

title: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/132


text: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/133

title: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/133


text: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/134

title: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/134


text: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/135

title: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/135


text: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/136

title: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/136


text: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/137

title: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/137


text: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/138

title: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/138


text: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/139

title: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/139


text: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/140

title: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/140


text: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/141

title: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/141


text: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/142

title: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/142


text: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/143

title: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/143


text: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/144

title: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/144


text: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/145

title: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/145


text: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/146

title: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/146


text: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/147

title: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/147


text: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/148

title: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/148


text: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/149

title: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/149


text: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/150

title: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/150


text: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/151

title: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/151


text: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/152

title: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/152


text: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/153

title: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/153


text: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/154

title: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/154


text: The Gaucho (film)

title: The Gaucho (film)


text:
Gaucho

 * "The Gaucho" (1858), a short story published in The Atlantic Monthly
 * The Gaucho (1927), a film starring Douglas Fairbanks, directed by Frank Richard Jones

title: Gaucho


text:
Page:The Necromancer, or, The Tale of the Black Forest Vol. 2.djvu/84

 was going to give me a full account of the robbers deportment towards him after their return, of the splendid dinner which the old woman had prepared, assisted by him, and of their discourses at table.

I entreated the rough son of Mars to resign this recruit to me, and to accept from me double the binding money he had given him, but he did not relish my proposal, and John himself was little inclined to enter again into my service; at last I prevailed, by fair words and a small present, on the serjeant to wait a quarter of an hour longer, and he left the room after we had promised to be as expeditious as possible.

When he was gone I asked John, why he would rather be a soldier than enter again into my service.

"What else would you advise me to do?" replied he, with weeping eyes, "my life is exposed to the greatest danger in these


text:
Page:Operation Crossroads 1946.pdf/82

 :NBS and FCC personnel involved were not in the Bikini area. This Electronics Group was the same as that in the Ship Material and Inspection Division under the DSM. The highest recorded exposure in the Electronics Group was 0.6 R.

 * Since the experiments measured interference with electromagnetic waves at or after detonation time there was no urgency to recover equipment in radioactive areas such as the Bikini Islands and target ships.

 * Project Report: Reference C.9.209, Enclosure C.

Program V -- Radiological Safety

 * Agency: Radiological Safety Group

 * Operations: There were 12 projects in this program (see Appendix C). The first eight involved radsafe monitors who measured radioactivity in the air, water, and on ships to obtain data on radiation in order to protect personnel. The eight monitor groups were: destroyer, seaplane, boat, boarding party, fixed base, gunboat, Bikini Lagoon channels, and airborne. Monitoring instruments used were: 275 Victoreen Geiger counters (Model No. 263), 150 Victoreen ionization chambers (Model No. 247), 12 alpha meters, and an unknown quantity of self-reading dosimeters. All monitors also wore film badges whenever there was a probability of encountering radioactivity. Film badges were normally exchanged daily. All monitor groups had Geiger counters and ionization chambers except the Bikini Lagoon Channel Group which used battery-operated, deep-channel counters with submersible probes. Project 9 (Photometric Film Badges) measured radiation at various locations in the target array and recorded radiation received by all who wore film badges. They used 5,000 sulfur and calcium triphosphate capsules in addition to a large number of film badges. Projects 10 and 11 measured gamma radiation over a period of time on several target ships. Project 12 personnel measured total gamma intensity on several target ships.

 * Staffing: As shown in Table 6, 436 personnel of the Radsafe Group have been identified (Reference B.0.19). Of these 316 were badged at least one time (see Table 21 for badging summary). Personnel in all 12 projects on the Radsafe Program had a high potential for exposure because of their assigned duties. Monitors who reboarded ships with boarding parties (Project 4) after Test BAKER accumulated the highest exposures. The highest individual accumulated recorded exposures of 3.720 R. Most of those badged in Program V were military personnel performing monitoring duties

 * Project Report: Reference C.9.209, Enclosure J.

Program VI -- Radiometry

 * Agencies: Navy Bureau of Ordnance (BuOrd)
 * Army Air Forces (AAF)

 * Operations: Measurement of the bombs' radiant energy was attempted from several locations. For ABLE, instruments were installed on one ship 18 nmi

77

title: Page:Operation Crossroads 1946.pdf/82


text:
Author:Stanisław Dnistrianski

Works

 * Ukraina and the Peace-Conference (1919)

title: Author:Stanisław Dnistrianski


text: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/155

title: Page:The Gaucho (1927).webm/155


text:
Page:On the Influence of Carbonic Acid in the Air upon the Temperature of the Ground.pdf/40

Rh against the theory, because it becomes more and more impossible to reconcile the chronology demanded by Croll's hypothesis with the facts of observation.

I trust that after what has been said the theory proposed in the foregoing pages will prove useful in explaining some points in geological climatology which have hitherto proved most difficult to interpret.

As the nebulosity is very different in different latitudes, and also different over the sea and over the continents, it is evident that the influence of a variation in the carbonic acid of the air will be somewhat different from that calculated above, where it is assumed that the nebulosity is the same over the whole globe. I have therefore estimated the nebulosity at different latitudes with the help of the chart published by Teisserenc de Bort, and calculated the following table for


text:
Page:Hutcheson Macaulay Posnett - Comparative Literature (1886).djvu/407

 her with the extinct flocks of Pan, the long-withered fruits of Pomona, and the ancient charms of the elderly but ever-blushing Flora. It was in courtly literature that shallow individualism began to understand itself, and worked out to their bitterest disenchantment all the pleasures of which its "palace of art" was capable. The ferocious misanthropy of Swift is the spirit of this individualism in the act of violent suicide; the tame cynicism of Voltaire is this same spirit dying of old age, though wearing still the garlands of a vanished youth. Men, in the poetry of Allan Ramsay and Thomson, Klopstock, Saint Lambert, began to see that Nature without court dress was none the less beautiful; that there were myriads of her sights and sounds which the restricted and now effete individualism of courts had never freely experienced; that of “"this fair volume which we World do name" they had been too long content with "coloured vellum, leaves of gold, fair dangling ribbons," or, at most, "some picture on the margin wrought." At first, indeed, simple truthfulness of description, such as may be found plentifully in Cowper's poems, marked the change from classical and courtly idealism into open-air freedom; but soon the sentiment of Nature was to become something infinitely deeper than any description, however accurate, however beautiful, could express.

Democratic revolution, with its vast masses of men in action, with its theoretic obliteration of all individual inequalities, and its consequent readiness to imagine human life as impersonal—a readiness to be increased by scientific ideas of physical laws likewise impersonal—now came to force into intense conflict ideas of individual and collective humanity. Individualism, feeling trampled underfoot in the rush of multitudes, turned to Nature in search of


text:
Page:Hutcheson Macaulay Posnett - Comparative Literature (1886).djvu/408

 One aspect of this newly roused individualism is to be seen in Byron and his imitators throughout Europe—an aspect which unites all the self-importance of a feudal seigneur with a real or affected despair of human happiness such as monastic asceticism alone can rival. Another aspect of it may be seen in Shelley's substitute of spiritual pantheism for individual immortality. In Shelley, personality knows its own weakness in the face of the physical world, knows its weakness as but one drop in the vast flood of humanity, and is willing to come down from feudal isolation, to mix in the democratic crowds, to merge itself in that spirit of Nature which knows neither personal nor social distinctions—

But this negation of self, expressing itself in abstractions as intensely realised as they are delicately beautiful, makes Shelley's sentiment of Nature less profound than that of Wordsworth. Neither in the presence of his fellow-men, whatever their myriad march, nor of Nature, how countless soever her worlds, can the indestructible personality of Wordsworth forget itself. His spirit, like that of Shelley, is divine; but it is no mere fragment of a vast divinity; backwards into the illimitable past, forwards into the illimitable future, now and for ever in the face of man and Nature, it dwells, has dwelt, shall dwell like a star apart in an individuality unmade, unmakable, unchangeable. Before this profound sense of personality, partially Platonic, partially Christian, but most of all awakened by the physical and social conditions of the poet's age, Nature assumes a depth of meaning which only beings of Wordsworthian mould may feel. Byron's descriptive powers, Shelley's musical communion with the sounds of


text:
Page:Hutcheson Macaulay Posnett - Comparative Literature (1886).djvu/411

§ 100. at an effort perhaps uncouth, certainly in form but rudely rhythmical, to gather into song all that Nature on a scale stupendous, social life in forms most various, individuality most profound because realised as distinct from all groups and all Nature's wonders, we close our task. Very imperfectly have we essayed to follow the effects of social and individual evolution on literature from the rudest beginnings of song down to the poetry of the great Western Republic. We have but glanced at the progress of prose in place of those metrical forms which in the absence of writing supplied supports for the memory; the influence of conversation public and private—its character largely depending on the forms of social communion in which men meet—on such progress in the East and West; the influence of individualised thinking, of philosophy, in fact, upon the form and spirit of prose in Athens and Rome and Modern Europe. We have omitted the varying aspects of animal life as reflected in the literatures of different countries and climates. We have omitted the comparison of satire in different social conditions, though we willingly allow that "there is no outward expression, be it in literature, sculpture, painting, or any other art, which more openly tells of a nation's character and exhibits it to all eyes than caricature"—not that all satire is caricature, but, like caricature, it is a negative index to an ideal con-


text:
Page:Hutcheson Macaulay Posnett - Comparative Literature (1886).djvu/412

 sciously or unconsciously upheld. In fine, want of room has also forced us to omit the development of criticism as itself illustrating the influences of social and individual evolution on literary ideals. To reduce the immense study which we have named Comparative Literature within the compass of a handy volume without losing completeness and minuteness of detail, it would be needful to separate the descriptive from the scientific treatment of literature. But to devote an introductory work like the present to the scientific treatment alone, would not only cut away many interesting illustrations, but convey an altogether false impression of the study as bare and uninviting. If, in spite of our willingness to sacrifice completeness to attractiveness, our readers should carry away this unpleasant impression, the fault is certainly in the writer and not in his subject.

Another word of apology may be also needed. It will be clear to any reader of this book that its author is far from regarding literature as the mere toy of stylists, far from advocating the "moral indifference" of art. In his eyes literature is a very serious thing, which can become morally indifferent only in ages of moral indifference. "Let the world go its way, and the kings and the peoples strive, and the priests and philosophers wrangle; at least to make a perfect verse is to be out of time, master of all change, and free of every creed." Such was Gautier's view; but it is stamped false by the whole history of literary development. Whether men like it or not, their literary efforts at ideal beauty in prose or verse must involve ideals of human conduct. Action, speech, and thought are too subtly interwoven to allow their artistic severance aught but fancied truth; if it were otherwise, literature might indeed have been


text:
Page:Hutcheson Macaulay Posnett - Comparative Literature (1886).djvu/413

 the product of a Cloud-cuckoo-town in which historical science and morality would be equally out of place. But, it may be said, your science cuts at the roots of moral conduct by treating the individual as made by conditions over which he has no control. Far from it. Our science traces a growth of social and individual freedom so far as the conditions of human life have hitherto allowed them to grow together. Nothing is really gained for morality or religion by assuming that the life with which they deal is unlimited, unconditioned; nay, such limitless pretensions have hitherto proved very fatal to morality by fostering suicidal extremes of social and individual thinking. How are these suicidal extremes to be best kept in check? By insisting on the individual and social, physical, and the physiological limits within which man moves and has moved; by answering the admirers of universal shadows, in which morality itself becomes shadowy, in the words of the Hebrew prophet: "Who hath heard such a thing? What hath seen such things? Shall a land bring forth in a day? or a people be born in a moment?"


text: Comparative Literature/Conclusion

title: Comparative Literature/Conclusion


text:
Page:On the Influence of Carbonic Acid in the Air upon the Temperature of the Ground.pdf/41

274 the value of the variation of temperature, if the carbonic acid decreases to 0.67 or increases to 1.5 times the present quantity. In the first column is printed the latitude; in the second and third the nebulosity over the continent and over the ocean; in the fourth the extension of the continent in hun- dredths of the whole area. After this comes, in the fifth and sixth columns, the reduction factor with which the figures in the table are to be multiplied for getting the true variation of temperature over continents and over oceans, and, in the seventh column, the mean of both these correction factors. In the eighth and ninth columns the temperature variations for $\text{K}=0.67$, and in the tenth and eleventh the corre- sponding values for $$\text{K}=1.5$$ are tabulated.

The mean value of the reduction factor N. of equator is for the continent (to 70° N. lat.) 1.098 and for the ocean 0.927, in mean 0.996. For the southern hemisphere (to 60° S. lat.) it is found to be for the continent 1.095, for the ocean 0.871, in mean 0.907. The influence in the southern hemisphere will, therefore, be about 9 per cent, less than in the northern. In consequence of the minimum of nebulosity between 20° and 30° latitude in both hemispheres, the maximum effect of the variation of carbonic acid is displaced towards the equator, so that it falls at about 25° latitude in the two cases of $$\text{K}=0.67$$ and $\text{K}=1.5$.

[...]


text:
Page:How the other half lives.djvu/86

 alley will oppose every order to put his property in repair with the claim that they are the worst of a bad lot. Both are right, from their different stand-points. It is the stand-point that makes the difference—and the tenant.

What if I were to tell you that this alley, and more tenement property in "the Bend," all of it notorious for years as the vilest and worst to be found anywhere, stood associated on the tax-books all through the long struggle to make its owners responsible, which has at last resulted in a qualified victory for the law, with the name of an honored family, one of the "oldest and best," rich in possessions and in influence, and high in the councils of the city's government? It would be but the plain truth. Nor would it be the only instance by very many that stand recorded on the Health Department's books of a kind that has come near to making the name of landlord as odious in New York as it has become in Ireland.

Bottle Alley is around the corner in Baxter Street; but it is a fair specimen of its kind, wherever found. Look into any of these houses, everywhere the same piles of rags, of malodorous bones and musty paper, all of which the sanitary police flatter themselves they have banished to the dumps and the warehouses. Here is a "flat" of "parlor" and two pitch-dark coops called bedrooms. Truly, the bed is all there is room for. The family tea-kettle is on the stove, doing duty for the time being as a wash-boiler. By night it will have returned to its proper use again, a practical illustration of how poverty in "the Bend" makes both ends meet. One, two, three beds are there, if the old boxes and heaps of foul straw can be called by that name; a broken stove with crazy pipe from which the smoke leaks at every joint, a table of rough boards propped up on boxes, piles of rubbish in the corner.

title: Page:How the other half lives.djvu/86


text:
Page:How the other half lives.djvu/87

 The closeness and smell are appalling. How many people sleep here? The woman with the red bandanna shakes her head sullenly, but the bare-legged girl with the bright face counts on her fingers—five, six!

"Six, sir!" Six grown people and five children.

"Only five," she says with a smile, swathing the little one on her lap in its cruel bandage. There is another in the cradle—actually a cradle. And how much the rent?

Nine and a half, and "please, sir! he won't put the paper on."

"He" is the landlord. The "paper" hangs in musty shreds on the wall.

Well do I recollect the visit of a health inspector to one of these tenements on a July day when the thermometer outside was climbing high in the nineties; but inside, in that awful room, with half a dozen persons washing, cooking, and sorting rags, lay the dying baby alongside the stove, where the doctor's thermometer ran up to 115°! Perishing for the want of a breath of fresh air in this city of untold charities! Did not the manager of the Fresh Air Fund write to the pastor of an Italian Church only last year that "no one asked for Italian children," and hence he could not send any to the country?

Half a dozen blocks up Mulberry Street there is a rag-picker's settlement, a sort of overflow from "the Bend," that exists to-day in all its pristine nastiness. Something like forty families are packed into five old two-story and attic houses that were built to hold five, and out in the yards additional crowds are, or were until very recently, accommodated in sheds built of all sorts of old boards and used as drying racks for the Italian tenants' "stock." I found them empty when I visited the settlement while

title: Page:How the other half lives.djvu/87


text:
Page:How the other half lives.djvu/89

 neighbor and had lived in her shed for years had simply disappeared. The agent and the other tenants "guessed," doubtless correctly, that she might be found on the "island," but she was decrepit anyhow from rheumatism, and "not much good," and no one took the trouble to inquire for her. They had all they could do attending to their own business and raising the rent. No wonder; I found that for one front room and two "bedrooms" in the shameful old wrecks of buildings the tenant was paying $10 a month, for the back-room and one bedroom $9, and for the attic rooms, according to size, from $3.75 to §5.50.

There is a standing quarrel between the professional—I mean now the official—sanitarian and the unsalaried agitator for sanitary reform over the question of overcrowded tenements. The one puts the number a little vaguely at four or five hundred, while the other asserts that there are thirty-two thousand, the whole number of houses classed as tenements at the census of two years ago, taking no account of the better kind of flats. It depends on the angle from which one sees it which is right. At best the term overcrowding is a relative one, and the scale of official measurement conveniently sliding. Under the pressure of the Italian influx the standard of breathing space required for an adult by the health officers has been cut down from six to four hundred cubic feet. The "needs of the situation" is their plea, and no more perfect argument could be advanced for the reformer's position.

It is in "the Bend" the sanitary policeman locates the bulk of his four hundred, and the sanitary reformer gives up the task in despair. Of its vast homeless crowds the census takes no account. It is their instinct to shun the light, and they cannot be corralled in one place long

title: Page:How the other half lives.djvu/89


text:
Author:Mary Fels

Works

 * Joseph Fels: His Life-work (B. W. Huebsch, New York, 1916)
 * Toward the Light (George Dobsevage, New York, 1927)

As editor

 * The Public: A Journal of Democracy (1917 - 1919)

title: Author:Mary Fels


text:
Page:How the other half lives.djvu/90

 enough to be counted. But the houses can, and the last count showed that in "the Bend" district, between Broadway and the Bowery and Canal and Chatham Streets, in a total of four thousand three hundred and sixty-seven "apartments" only nine were for the moment vacant, while in the old "Africa," west of Broadway, that receives the overflow from Mulberry Street and is rapidly changing its character, the notice "standing room only" is up. Not a single vacant room was found there. Nearly a hundred and fifty "lodgers" were driven out of two adjoining Mulberry Street tenements, one of them aptly named "the House of Blazes," during that census. What squalor and degradation inhabit these dens the health officers know. Through the long summer days their carts patrol "the Bend," scattering disinfectants in streets and lanes, in sinks and cellars, and hidden hovels where the tramp burrows. From midnight till far into the small hours of the morning the policeman's thundering rap on closed doors is heard, with his stern command, "Apri port'!" on his rounds gathering evidence of illegal overcrowding. The doors are opened unwillingly enough—but the order means business, and the tenant knows it even if he understands no word of English—upon such scenes as the one presented in the picture. It was photographed by flash-light on just such a visit. In a room not thirteen feet either way slept twelve men and women, two or three in bunks set in a sort of alcove, the rest on the floor. A kerosene lamp burned dimly in the fearful atmosphere, probably to guide other and later arrivals to their "beds," for it was only just past midnight. A baby's fretful wail came from an adjoining hall-room, where, in the semi-darkness, three recumbent figures could be made out. The "apartment" was one of three in two adjoining

title: Page:How the other half lives.djvu/90


text:
Page:How the other half lives.djvu/92

 buildings we had found, within half an hour, similarly crowded. Most of the men were lodgers, who slept there for five cents a spot.

Another room on the top floor, that had been examined a few nights before, was comparatively empty. There were only four persons in it, two men, an old woman, and a young girl. The landlord opened the door with alacrity, and exhibited with a proud sweep of his hand the sacrifice he had made of his personal interests to satisfy the law. Our visit had been anticipated. The policeman's back was probably no sooner turned than the room was reopened for business.

title: Page:How the other half lives.djvu/92


text:
Page:How the other half lives.djvu/93

IDNIGHT roll-call was over in the Elizabeth Street police-station, but the reserves were held under orders. A raid was on foot, but whether on the Chinese fan-tan games, on the opium joints of Mott and Pell Streets, or on dens of even worse character, was a matter of guess-work in the men's room. When the last patrolman had come in from his beat, all doubt was dispelled by the brief order "To the Bend!" The stale-beer dives were the object of the raid. The policemen buckled their belts tighter, and with expressive grunts of disgust took up their march toward Mulberry Street. Past the heathen temples of Mott Street—there was some fun to be gotten out of a raid there—they trooped, into "the Bend," sending here and there a belated tramp scurrying in fright toward healthier quarters, and halted at the mouth of one of the hidden alleys. Squads were told off and sent to make a simultaneous descent on all the known tramps' burrows in the block. Led by the sergeant, ours—I went along as a kind of war correspondent—groped its way in single file through the narrow rift between slimy walls to the tenements in the rear. Twice during our trip we stumbled over tramps, both women, asleep in the passage. They were quietly passed to the rear, receiving sundry prods and punches on the trip, and headed for the station in the grip of a policeman as a sort of advance guard of the coming

title: Page:How the other half lives.djvu/93


text:
Page:How the other half lives.djvu/94

 army. After what seemed half a mile of groping in the dark we emerged finally into the alley proper, where light escaping through the cracks of closed shutters on both sides enabled us to make out the contour of three rickety frame tenements. Snatches of ribald songs and peals of coarse laughter reached us from now this, now that of the unseen burrows.

"School is in," said the Sergeant drily as we stumbled down the worn steps of the next cellar-way. A kick of his boot-heel sent the door flying into the room.

A room perhaps a dozen feet square, with walls and ceiling that might once have been clean—assuredly the floor had not in the memory of man, if indeed there was other floor than hard-trodden mudbut were now covered with a brown crust that, touched with the end of a club, came off in shuddering showers of crawling bugs, revealing the blacker filth beneath. Grouped about a beer-keg that was propped on the wreck of a broken chair, a foul and ragged host of men and women, on boxes, benches, and stools. Tomato-cans filled at the keg were passed from hand to hand. In the centre of the group a sallow, wrinkled hag, evidently the ruler of the feast, dealt out the hideous stuff. A pile of copper coins rattled in her apron, the very pennies received with such showers of blessings upon the giver that afternoon; the faces of some of the women were familiar enough from the streets as those of beggars forever whining for a penny, "to keep a family from starving." Their whine and boisterous hilarity were alike hushed now. In sullen, cowed submission they sat, evidently knowing what to expect. At the first glimpse of the uniform in the open door some in the group, customers with a record probably, had turned their heads away to avoid the searching glance of the

title: Page:How the other half lives.djvu/94


text: Index:History of the Sixth Regiment, United States Marines.djvu


text:
Page:How the other half lives.djvu/84

 Here, in this tenement, No. 59½, next to Bandits' Roost, fourteen persons died that year, and eleven of them were children; in No. 61 eleven, and eight of them not jet five years old. According to the records in the Bureau of Vital Statistics only thirty-nine people lived in No. 59½ in the year 1888, nine of them little children. There were five baby funerals in that house the same year. Out of the alley itself, No. 59, nine dead were carried in 1S88, five in baby coffins. Here is the record of the year for the whole block, as furnished by the Registrar of Vital Statistics, Dr. Roger S. Tracy:

The general death-rate for the whole city that year was 26.27.

These figures speak for themselves, when it is shown that in the model tenement across the way at Nos. 48 and 50, where the same class of people live in greater swarms (161, according to the record), but under good management, and in decent quarters, the hearse called that year only twice, once for a baby. The agent of the Christian people who built that tenement will tell you that Italians are good tenants, while the owner of the

title: Page:How the other half lives.djvu/84


text: Page:History of the Sixth Regiment, United States Marines.djvu/1


text: Page:History of the Sixth Regiment, United States Marines.djvu/3


text: Page:History of the Sixth Regiment, United States Marines.djvu/63


text:
Page:How the other half lives.djvu/95

 officer; while a few, less used to such scenes, stared defiantly.

A single stride took the sergeant into the middle of the room, and with a swinging blow of his club he knocked the faucet out of the keg and the half-filled can from the boss hag's hand. As the contents of both splashed upon the floor, half a dozen of the group made a sudden dash, and with shoulders humped above their heads to shield their skulls against the dreaded locust broke for the door. They had not counted upon the policemen outside. There was a brief struggle, two or three heavy thumps, and the runaways were brought back to where their comrades crouched in dogged silence.

"Thirteen!" called the sergeant, completing his survey. "Take them out. 'Revolvers' all but one. Good for six months on the island, the whole lot." The exception was a young man not much if any over twenty, with a hard look of dissipation on his face. He seemed less unconcerned than the rest, but tried hard to make up for it by putting on the boldest air he could. "Come down early," commented the officer, shoving him along with his stick. "There is need of it. They don't last long at this. That stuff is brewed to kill at long range."

At the head of the cellar-steps we encountered a similar procession from farther back in the alley, where still another was forming to take up its march to the station. Out in the street was heard the tramp of the hosts already pursuing that well-trodden path, as with a fresh complement of men we entered the next stale-beer alley. There were four dives in one cellar here. The filth and the stench were utterly unbearable; even the sergeant turned his back and fled after scattering the crowd with his club and starting them toward the door. The very dog in the alley

title: Page:How the other half lives.djvu/95


text:
Page:History of the Sixth Regiment, United States Marines.djvu/2

OF THE


text:
Page:How the other half lives.djvu/96

 preferred the cold flags for a berth to the stifling cellar. We found it lying outside. Seventy-five tramps, male and female, were arrested in the four small rooms. In one of them, where the air seemed thick enough to cut with a knife, we found a woman, a mother with a new-born babe on a heap of dirty straw. She was asleep and was left until an ambulance could be called to take her to the hospital.

Returning to the station with this batch, we found every window in the building thrown open to the cold October wind, and the men from the sergeant down smoking the strongest cigars that could be obtained by way of disenfecting the place. Two hundred and seventy-five tramps had been jammed into the cells to be arraigned next morning in the police court on the charge of vagrancy, with the certain prospect of six months "on the Island." Of the sentence at least they were sure. As to the length of the men's stay the experienced official at the desk was sceptical, it being then within a month of an important election. If tramps have nothing else to call their own they have votes, and votes that are for sale cheap for cash. About election time this gives them a "pull," at least by proxy. The sergeant observed, as if it were the most natural thing in the world, that he had more than once seen the same tramp sent to Blackwell's Island twice in twenty-four hours for six months at a time.

As a thief never owns to his calling, however devoid of moral scruples, preferring to style himself a speculator, so this real home-product of the slums, the stale-beer dive, is known about "the Bend" by the more dignified name of the two-cent restaurant. Usually, as in this instance, it is in some cellar giving on a back alley. Doctored, unlicensed beer is its chief ware. Sometimes a cup of "cof

title: Page:How the other half lives.djvu/96


text: Page:History of the Sixth Regiment, United States Marines.djvu/4


text:
Page:History of the Sixth Regiment, United States Marines.djvu/5

 Printed by

THE TIENTSIN PRESS, LTD.

TIENTSIN, CHINA.

1928.


text: Archaeological Journal/Volume 3/Original Documents: Remarkable instance of the use made of the terrors of Excommunication in the thirteenth century


text: On the Influence of Carbonic Acid in the Air upon the Temperature of the Ground


text:
Page:Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices for Streets and Highways, 11th Edition (December 2023).pdf/8

Page TC-4                <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" />
 * - class="__toc_row_m-1 __toc_row_2-1 wst-toc-row-2-1 "
 * colspan=2 |ROAD CLOSED AND WEIGHT LIMIT SIGNS
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2B.62
 *
KEEP OFF MEDIAN Sign (R11-1)

 * | 136
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2B.63
 *
ROAD CLOSED Sign (R11-2) and LOCAL TRAFFIC ONLY Signs (R11-3 Series, R11-4)

 * | 137
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2B.64
 *
Weight Limit Signs (R12-1 through R12-7)

 * | 137
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2B.65
 *
Weigh Station Sign (R13-1)

 * | 138
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2B.66
 *
TRUCK ROUTE Sign (R14-1)

 * | 138
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2B.67
 *
Hazardous Material Signs (R14-2 and R14-3)

 * | 138
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2B.68
 *
National Network Signs (R14-4 and R14-5)

 * | 139
 * - class="__toc_row_m-1 __toc_row_2-1 wst-toc-row-2-1 "
 * colspan=2 |OTHER REGULATORY SIGNS AND PLAQUES
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2B.69
 *
Photo Enforced Signs and Plaques (R10-18, R10-18a, R10-19P, R10-19aP)

 * | 140
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2B.70
 *
Move Vehicles from Travel Lanes Sign (R16-4)

 * | 140
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2B.71
 *
Move Over or Reduce Speed Sign (R16-3)

 * | 141
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2B.72
 *
No Hand-Held Phone Use by Driver Signs (R16-15 and R16-15a)

 * | 141
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2B.73
 *
Headlight Use Signs (R16-5 through R16-11)

 * | 141
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2B.74
 *
Seat Belt Symbol

 * | 142
 * - class="__toc_row_m-1 __toc_row_2-1 wst-toc-row-2-1 "
 * colspan=2 |BARRICADES AND GATES
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2B.75
 *
Barricades

 * | 143
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2B.76
 *
Gates

 * | 143|
 * - class="__toc_row_m-1 __toc_row_2-1 wst-toc-row-2-1 "
 * colspan=2 |
 * - class="__toc_row_m-1 __toc_row_2-1 wst-toc-row-2-1 "
 * colspan=2 |GENERAL
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2C.01
 *
Application of Warning Signs

 * | 147
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2C.02
 *
Design of Warning Signs

 * | 147
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2C.03
 *
Size of Warning Signs and Plaques

 * | 147
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2C.04
 *
Placement of Warning Signs

 * | 152
 * - class="__toc_row_m-1 __toc_row_2-1 wst-toc-row-2-1 "
 * colspan=2 |HORIZONTAL ALIGNMENT WARNING SIGNS AND PLAQUES
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2C.05
 *
Horizontal Alignment Warning Signs—General

 * | 153
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2C.06
 *
Device Selection for Changes in Horizontal Alignment

 * | 154
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2C.07
 *
Horizontal Alignment Signs (W1-1 through W1-5, W1-11, and W1-15)

 * | 155
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2C.08
 *
Chevron Alignment Sign (W1-8)

 * | 158
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2C.09
 *
Combination Horizontal Alignment/Intersection Signs (W1-10 Series)

 * | 158
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2C.10
 *
One-Direction Large Arrow Sign (W1-6)

 * | 159
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2C.11
 *
Truck Rollover Sign (W1-13)

 * | 159
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2C.12
 *
Advisory Exit and Ramp Speed Signs (W13-2 and W13-3) and Combination Horizontal Alignment/Advisory Exit and Ramp Speed Signs (W13-6 through W13-13)

 * | 160
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2C.13
 *
Vehicle Speed Feedback Sign and Plaque (W13-20 and W13-20aP)

 * | 166
 * - class="__toc_row_m-1 __toc_row_2-1 wst-toc-row-2-1 "
 * colspan=2 |VERTICAL GRADE WARNING SIGNS AND PLAQUES
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2C.14
 *
Hill Signs (W7-1 and W7-1a)

 * | 167
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2C.15
 *
Truck Escape Ramp Signs (W7-4 Series)

 * | 168
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2C.16
 *
HILL BLOCKS VIEW Sign (W7-6)

 * | 168
 * - class="__toc_row_m-1 __toc_row_2-1 wst-toc-row-2-1 "
 * colspan=2 |ROADWAY GEOMETRY WARNING SIGNS
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2C.17
 *
ROAD NARROWS Sign (W5-1)

 * | 169
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2C.18
 *
NARROW BRIDGE and NARROW UNDERPASS Signs (W5-2 and W5-2a)

 * | 170
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2C.19
 *
ONE LANE BRIDGE and ONE LANE UNDERPASS Signs (W5-3 and W5-3a)

 * | 170
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2C.20
 *
Divided Highway Sign (W6-1)

 * | 170
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2C.21
 *
Divided Highway Ends Sign (W6-2)

 * | 170
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2C.22
 *
Freeway or Expressway Ends Signs (W19 Series)

 * | 171
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2C.23
 *
Double Arrow Sign (W12-1)

 * | 171
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2C.24
 *
DEAD END, NO OUTLET, and ROAD ENDS Signs (W14-1, W14-1a, W14-2, W14-2a, W8-26, and W8-26a)

 * | 171
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2C.25
 *
Low Clearance Signs (W12-2, W12-2a, and W12-2b)

 * | 172


text:
Page:Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices for Streets and Highways, 11th Edition (December 2023).pdf/9

MUTCD 11th Edition                <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> December 2023
 * - class="__toc_row_m-1 __toc_row_2-1 wst-toc-row-2-1 "
 * colspan=2 |ROADWAY AND WEATHER-CONDITION WARNING SIGNS AND PLAQUES
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2C.26
 *
BUMP and DIP Signs (W8-1 and W8-2)

 * | 173
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2C.27
 *
SPEED HUMP Sign (W17-1)

 * | 173
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2C.28
 *
PAVEMENT ENDS Sign (W8-3)

 * | 173
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2C.29
 *
Shoulder Signs (W8-4, W8-9, W8-17, W8-23, and W8-25)

 * | 173
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2C.30
 *
Surface Condition Signs (W8-5, W8-7, W8-8, W8-11, W8-13, and W8-14)

 * | 175
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2C.31
 *
Warning Signs and Plaque for Motorcyclists (W8-15, W8-15aP, and W8-16)

 * | 175
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2C.32
 *
NO CENTER LINE Sign (W8-12)

 * | 175
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2C.33
 *
NO TRAFFIC SIGNS Sign (W18-1)

 * | 175
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2C.34
 *
Weather Condition Signs (W8-18, W8-19, W8-21, and W8-22)

 * | 176
 * - class="__toc_row_m-1 __toc_row_2-1 wst-toc-row-2-1 "
 * colspan=2 |TRAFFIC CONTROL AND INTERSECTION WARNING SIGNS AND PLAQUES
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2C.35
 *
Advance Traffic Control Signs (W3-1, W3-2, W3-3, and W3-4)

 * | 177
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2C.36
 *
DRAW BRIDGE Sign (W3-6)

 * | 178
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2C.37
 *
Advance Ramp Control Signal Signs (W3-7 and W3-8)

 * | 178
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2C.38
 *
NEW TRAFFIC PATTERN and NEW SIGNAL OPERATION AHEAD Signs (W23-2 and W23-2a)

 * | 178
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2C.39
 *
WATCH FOR STOPPED TRAFFIC Sign (W26-1)

 * | 178
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2C.40
 *
Reduced Speed Limit Ahead and Speed Zone Signs (W3-5, W3-5a, W3-5b, and W3-5c)

 * | 178
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2C.41
 *
Intersection Warning Signs (W2-1 through W2-8)

 * | 179
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2C.42
 *
Actuated Advance Intersection Signs (W2-10 and W2-11)

 * | 180
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2C.43
 *
Two-Direction Large Arrow Sign (W1-7)

 * | 180
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2C.44
 *
Traffic Signal Oncoming Extended Green Signs (W25-1 and W25-2)

 * | 181
 * - class="__toc_row_m-1 __toc_row_2-1 wst-toc-row-2-1 "
 * colspan=2 |MERGING, TWO-WAY TRAFFIC, AND NO PASSING WARNING SIGNS AND PLAQUES
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2C.45
 *
Merge Signs and Plaque (W4-1, W4-5, and W4-5aP)

 * | 182
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2C.46
 *
Added Lane Signs (W4-3 and W4-6)

 * | 183
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2C.47
 *
Lane Ends Signs (W4-2 and W9-1)

 * | 183
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2C.48
 *
Lanes Merge Signs (W9-4 and W4-8)

 * | 187
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2C.49
 *
HEAVY MERGE FROM LEFT (RIGHT) Sign (W4-7)

 * | 188
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2C.50
 *
RIGHT (LEFT) LANE FOR EXIT ONLY Sign (W9-7)

 * | 188
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2C.51
 *
Two-Way Traffic Sign (W6-3)

 * | 189
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2C.52
 *
Two-Way Traffic on a Three-Lane Roadway Signs (W6-5 and W6-5a)

 * | 190
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2C.53
 *
NO PASSING ZONE Sign (W14-3)

 * | 190
 * - class="__toc_row_m-1 __toc_row_2-1 wst-toc-row-2-1 "
 * colspan=2 |MISCELLANEOUS WARNING SIGNS AND PLAQUES
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2C.54
 *
Vehicular Traffic Warning Signs (W8-6, W11-1, W11-5, W11-8, W11-10, W11-11, W1112P, W11-14, W11-15, and W11-15a)

 * | 191
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2C.55
 *
Non-Vehicular Warning Signs (W11-2, W11-3, W11-4, W11-6, W11-7, W11-9, and W1116 through W11-22)

 * | 192
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2C.56
 *
Playground Sign (W15-1)

 * | 194
 * - class="__toc_row_m-1 __toc_row_2-1 wst-toc-row-2-1 "
 * colspan=2 |SUPPLEMENTAL PLAQUES
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2C.57
 *
Use of Supplemental Warning Plaques

 * | 195
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2C.58
 *
Design of Supplemental Warning Plaques

 * | 195
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2C.59
 *
Advisory Speed Plaque (W13-1P) and Confirmation Advisory Speed Plaque (W13-1aP)

 * | 196
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2C.60
 *
NEW Plaque (W16-15P)

 * | 197
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2C.61
 *
Distance Plaques (W16-2 Series, W16-3 Series, W16-4P, and W7-3aP)

 * | 197
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2C.62
 *
Supplemental Arrow Plaques (W16-5P and W16-6P)

 * | 197
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2C.63
 *
Diagonal Downward-Pointing Arrow Plaques (W16-7P and W16-7aP)

 * | 197
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2C.64
 *
Hill-Related Plaques (W7-2 Series and W7-3 Series)

 * | 197
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2C.65
 *
Advance Street Name Plaque (W16-8P and W16-8aP)

 * | 197
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2C.66
 *
Traffic Does Not Stop Plaques (W4-4P Series)

 * | 198
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2C.67
 *
IN ROAD and IN STREET Plaques (W16-1P and W16-1aP)

 * | 198
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2C.68
 *
EXCEPT BICYCLES Plaque (W16-20P)

 * | 198
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2C.69
 *
Photo Enforced Plaques (W16-10P and W16-10aP)

 * | 198


text:
Page:Margaret Hamilton of Rockhall v Lord Lyon King of Arms.pdf/36

 recorded in the Scottish Barony Register, the Petitioner holds the Lordship and Regality of the Garioch which ownership brings the Petitioner within the jurisdiction of the Lord Lyon, King of Arms", and which was argued to be binding as a judicial decision. As Mr Lindsay departed from that analysis, I need not record the argument advanced under the misconception of Menking as being a judicial decision.

Who is the proper defender?

[64] Mr Lindsay objected to the defender's argument, which emerged in submissions, that the proper defender was the Advocate General. This had not been foreshadowed in any note of argument or at any case management hearing prior to the debate. If that argument were entertained, he submitted that it was competent to sue either the Lord Lyon or the Advocate General. If it were a good point, he invited the court to put the case out by order to enable an appropriate minute of amendment to be presented addressing this point.

The termination issue

[65] In relation to the defender's argument that the Agreement was terminated and had been terminated, Mr Lindsay submitted that the Agreement, as a contract of compromise, cannot be terminated by either party giving reasonable notice. Rather it remains in full force and effect until there has been a material change in circumstances. That is apparent from both the terms of the Agreement and from the circumstances in which the parties entered into it. The applicable legal principles, for determining the duration of a contract, are accurately summarised in paragraph 9.15 of the leading textbook The Law of Contract in Scotland, 3rd Edition, McBryde:


text:
Page:The lay of the Nibelungs; (IA nibelungslay00hortrich).pdf/496

6

CHESS CONGRESS of 1862. A Collection of the Games played, Edited by J. Lowenthal. 5s.

CHEVREUL on Colour. Translated from the French by Charles Martel. Third Edition, with Plates, 5s.; or with an additional series of 16 Plates in Colours, 7s. 6d.

CHILLINGWORTH’S Religion of Protestants. A Safe Way to Salvation, 3s. 6d.

'''CHINA. Pictorial, Descriptive, and Historical.''' With Map and nearly 100 Illustrations. 5s.

CHRONICLES OF THE CRUSADES. Contemporary Narratives of the Crusade of Richard Cœur de Lion, by Richard of Devizes and Geoffrey de Vinsauf; and of the Crusade at St. Louis, by Lord John de Joinville. 5s.

CICERO'S Ovations. Translated by Prof. G. D. Yonge, M.A. 4 vols. 5s. each.

——— Letters. Translated by Evelyn S. Shuckburgh. 4 vols. 5s. each.

——— On Oratory and Orators. With Letters to Quintus and Brutus. Translated by the Rev. J. S. Watson, M.A. 5s.

——— On the Nature of the Gods, Divination, Fate, Laws, a Republic, Consulship. Translated by Prof. C. D. Yonge, M.A., and Francis Barham. 5s.

——— Academics. De Finibus, and Tusculan Questions. By Prof. C.D. Yonge, M.A. 5s.

CICERO'S Offices; or, Moral Duties. Cato Major, an Essay on Old Age; Lælius, an Essay on Friendship; Scipio's Dream; Paradoxes; Letter to Quintus on Magistrates, Translated by C. R. Edmonds. 3s. 6d.

CORNELIUS NEPOS.—See.

CLARK'S (Hugh) Introduction to Heraldry. 18th Edition, Revised and Enlarged by J. R. Planché, Rouge Croix, With nearly 1000 Illustrations. 5s. Or with the Illustrations Coloured, 15s.

CLASSIC TALES, containing Rasselas, Vicar of Wakefield, Gulliver's Travels, and The Sentimental Journey. 3s. 6d.

COLERIDGE'S (S. T.) Friend. A Series of Essays on Morals, Politics, and Religion. 3s. 6d.

——— Aids to Reflection, and the, to which are added the and the. 3s. 6d.

——— Lectures and Notes on Shakespeare and other English Poets. Edited by T. Ashe. 3s. 6d.

——— Biographia Literaria; together with Two Lay Sermons. 3s. 6d.

——— Table-Talk and Omniana. Edited by T. Ashe, B.A., 3s. 6d.

——— Miscellanies, Æsthetic and Literary; to which is added, Collected and arranged by T. Ashe, B.A., 3s. 6d.

COMTE'S Positive Philosophy. Translated and condensed by Harriet Martineau. With introduction by Frederic Harrison. 3 vols. 5s. each.

COMTE'S Philosophy of the Sciences, being an Exposition of the Principles of the Cours de Philosophie Positive. By G. H. Lewes. 5s.

CONDÉ'S History of the Dominion of the Arabs in Spain. Translated by Mrs. Foster. 3 vols, 3s. 6d. each.


text:
Page:Steamboat Bill.pdf/3

 Rh

title: Page:Steamboat Bill.pdf/3


text:
Page:Steamboat Bill.pdf/4

 Steamboat Bill. 3.

title: Page:Steamboat Bill.pdf/4


text:
Page:Margaret Hamilton of Rockhall v Lord Lyon King of Arms.pdf/37

 "The first task is to construe the terms of the contract, before proceeding to consider what might be implied. The contract, properly construed, may have an express term on duration. Otherwise it may be possible to imply the duration of a contract. such as the business of chartering a ship, or a shipping company trades at Greenock or until a business is discontinued or until computer technology was superseded and out of date. It is highly unlikely that the parties will enter into an agreement for perpetuity, which cannot be terminated by any of them.  particularly if the agreement involves the use of land. Another possibility is that a contract is on a day-to-day basis and does not need to have any formal termination." (Emphasis added.)

In the present case, the necessary and inescapable implication of paragraphs 4 and 5 of the Agreement is that the Agreement was to continue as long as the pursuer was engaged in the brokerage of barony titles. In the absence of any material change in these circumstances, the Agreement cannot be unilaterally terminated by the defender.

[66] Further guidance is provided in Gloag on Contract at page 302:

"Inference of Permanency – Cases of this kind, however, are not reducible to any general rule. It may be inferred from the terms of the contract that it was intended to be permanent. That will be the inference if there was anything of the nature of prepayment."

In the present case, there was prepayment by the pursuer. In particular, the pursuer waived the award of judicial expenses that she would otherwise have been entitled to, as the successful party, as consideration for the Agreement. The parties' agreement that there was to be no award of expenses due to or by any party was expressly referred to in the Agreement because it was the petitioner's consideration for the rights conferred upon her by the Agreement. This is a further indication that the Agreement was intended to endure until there was a material change of circumstances.

[67] In any event, contracts of compromise, such as the Agreement, which resolve contentious litigation and for which consideration has been paid by one or both parties cannot be terminated upon the giving of reasonable notice. If that were the case, it would


text:
Page:Steamboat Bill.pdf/5

 Steamboat Bill. 3

title: Page:Steamboat Bill.pdf/5


text:
Page:Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices for Streets and Highways, 11th Edition (December 2023).pdf/10

Page TC-6                <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" />
 * - class="__toc_row_m-1 __toc_row_2-1 wst-toc-row-2-1 "
 * colspan=2 |OBJECT MARKERS
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2C.70
 *
Object Marker Design and Placement Height

 * | 199
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2C.71
 *
Object Markers for Obstructions within the Roadway

 * | 200
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2C.72
 *
Object Markers for Obstructions Adjacent to the Roadway

 * | 200
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2C.73
 *
Object Markers for Ends of Roadways

 * | 200
 * - class="__toc_row_m-1 __toc_row_2-1 wst-toc-row-2-1 "
 * colspan=2 |
 * - class="__toc_row_m-1 __toc_row_2-1 wst-toc-row-2-1 "
 * colspan=2 |GENERAL DESIGN
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2D.01
 *
Scope of Conventional Road Guide Sign Standards and Application

 * | 205
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2D.02
 *
Color, Retroreflection, and Illumination

 * | 205
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2D.03
 *
Size of Signs

 * | 206
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2D.04
 *
Lettering Style

 * | 206
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2D.05
 *
Size of Lettering

 * | 208
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2D.06
 *
Amount of Legend

 * | 209
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2D.07
 *
Abbreviations

 * | 209
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2D.08
 *
Arrows

 * | 213
 * - class="__toc_row_m-1 __toc_row_2-1 wst-toc-row-2-1 "
 * colspan=2 |ROUTE SIGNS AND AUXILIARY PLAQUES
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2D.09
 *
Numbered Highway Systems

 * | 216
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2D.10
 *
Route Signs and Auxiliary Plaques

 * | 216
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2D.11
 *
Design of Route Signs

 * | 216
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2D.12
 *
Design of Route Sign Auxiliary Plaques

 * | 218
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2D.13
 *
Junction Auxiliary Plaque (M2-1P)

 * | 219
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2D.14
 *
Combination Junction Sign (M2-2)

 * | 219
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2D.15
 *
Cardinal Direction Auxiliary Plaques (M3-1P through M3-4P)

 * | 219
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2D.16
 *
Alternative Route Auxiliary Plaques (M4-1P through M4-4P)

 * | 220
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2D.17
 *
ALTERNATE Auxiliary Plaques (M4-1P and M4-1aP)

 * | 220
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2D.18
 *
BY-PASS Auxiliary Plaque (M4-2P)

 * | 220
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2D.19
 *
BUSINESS Auxiliary Plaque (M4-3P)

 * | 220
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2D.20
 *
TRUCK Auxiliary Plaque (M4-4P)

 * | 220
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2D.21
 *
TO Auxiliary Plaque (M4-5P)

 * | 220
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2D.22
 *
END Auxiliary Plaque (M4-6P)

 * | 221
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2D.23
 *
BEGIN Auxiliary Plaque (M4-14P)

 * | 221
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2D.24
 *
TEMPORARY Auxiliary Plaques (M4-7P and M4-7aP)

 * | 221
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2D.25
 *
Temporary Detour Signs and Auxiliary Plaques

 * | 221
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2D.26
 *
Advance Turn Arrow Auxiliary Plaques (M5-1P, M5-2P, and M5-3P)

 * | 221
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2D.27
 *
Lane Designation Auxiliary Plaques (M5-4P, M5-5P, and M5-6P)

 * | 222
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2D.28
 *
Directional Arrow Auxiliary Plaques (M6 Series)

 * | 222
 * - class="__toc_row_m-1 __toc_row_2-1 wst-toc-row-2-1 "
 * colspan=2 |SIGN ASSEMBLIES
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2D.29
 *
Route Sign Assemblies

 * | 223
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2D.30
 *
Junction Assembly

 * | 223
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2D.31
 *
Advance Route Turn Assembly

 * | 230
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2D.32
 *
Directional Assembly

 * | 230
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2D.33
 *
Confirming or Reassurance Assemblies

 * | 231
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2D.34
 *
Trailblazer Assembly

 * | 231
 * - class="__toc_row_m-1 __toc_row_2-1 wst-toc-row-2-1 "
 * colspan=2 |DESTINATION AND DISTANCE SIGNS
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2D.35
 *
Destination and Distance Signs

 * | 232
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2D.36
 *
Destination Signs (D1 Series)

 * | 232
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2D.37
 *
Overhead Arrow-per-Lane Destination Guide Signs

 * | 234
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2D.38
 *
Combination Lane-Use/Destination Overhead Guide Sign (D15-1)

 * | 237
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2D.39
 *
Destination Signs at Circular Intersections

 * | 238
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2D.40
 *
Destination Signs at Jughandles

 * | 238
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2D.41
 *
Destination Signs at Intersections with Indirect Turning Movements

 * | 238


text:
Page:Essays on the Higher Education.djvu/105

 from all causes whatever; it includes 48 absences due to the illness of one man for three weeks, and several other cases of absence due to illness of the student or of his friends. The record of the sophomore class for the same period is even slightly better; for the average sophomore has attended 14.5 exercises per week out of a possible 15 required. The absences of this class have been only slightly more than three and a third per cent. It should further be mentioned that under the rules all tardiness at a recitation beyond five minutes and all egresses are counted as absences. Moreover, if the student chooses to be present without responsibility for being questioned, he has the privilege of doing so at the expense of one of his "allowed" absences. In the aggregate a considerable number avail themselves of this privilege. For an example of diligent attention to the business of learning, I think it would be hard to find anything superior to the following: On a recent week (in November) there were only eight absences in a division of 84 men, and three of these were so-called "cuts," when the student was present but not reciting. That is to say, the real absences were for that one division during the period of a week only a trifle over one per cent. It should be remembered, also, that no excuses are now given for sports, attentions to friends, minor ailments, etc.; and yet the average Yale freshman or


text: Page:Steamboat Bill.pdf/6

title: Page:Steamboat Bill.pdf/6


text:
Page:How the other half lives.djvu/98

 fee" and a stale roll may be had for two cents. The men pay the score. To the women—unutterable horror of the suggestion—the place is free. The beer is collected from the kegs put on the sidewalk by the saloon-keeper to await the brewer's cart, and is touched up with drugs to put a froth on it. The privilege to sit all night on a chair, or sleep on a table, or in a barrel, goes with each round of drinks. Generally an Italian, sometimes a negro, occasionally a woman, "runs" the dive. Their customers, alike homeless and hopeless in their utter wretchedness, are the professional tramps, and these only. The meanest thief is infinitely above the stale-beer level. Once upon that plane there is no escape. To sink below it is impossible; no one ever rose from it. One night spent in a stale-beer dive is like the traditional putting on of the uniform of the caste, the discarded rags of an old tramp. That stile once crossed, the lane has no longer a turn; and contrary to the proverb, it is usually not long either.

With the gravitation of the Italian tramp landlord toward the old stronghold of the African on the West Side, a share of the stale-beer traffic has left "the Bend;" but its headquarters will always remain there, the real home of trampdom, just as Fourteenth Street is its limit. No real tramp crosses that frontier after nightfall and in the day-time only to beg. Repulsive as the business is, its profits to the Italian dive-keeper are considerable; in fact, barring a slight outlay in the ingredients that serve to give "life" to the beer-dregs, it is all profit. The "banker" who curses the Italian colony does not despise taking a hand in it, and such a thing as a stale-beer trust on a Mulberry Street scale may yet be among the possibilities. One of these bankers, who was once known to the police as the

title: Page:How the other half lives.djvu/98


text:
Page:Essays on the Higher Education.djvu/106

 does not avail himself of more than about three fourths of the six absences allowed him during a term to cover all such cases. Nor should it be inferred that the regularity of these seven weeks is special to any large extent, as being due to causes prevalent during the earlier part of the fall term of 1885. It is likely that the record for the entire term would make even a better showing; the spendthrifts who incur most absences on the whole, as a rule, use up their "cuts" early in the term. The officer in charge of the records assures me that, on looking over them cursorily, he concludes that the worst terms for some years past would not show more than five per cent. of absences in these classes. The amount of absence in the two upper classes is somewhat greater. There is good reason for this. The junior and senior classes contain more men who are of age, who therefore go home to vote, have private business out of New Haven to which they must attend, etc. Under the rules of the college they are also given one third more of "allowed absences" than the lower classes,—that is to say, eight in a term instead of six. But for all causes combined, exclusive of a few cases of sickness lasting more than a week, the irregularity of the junior class during the period under consideration was less than five and a half per cent.; that of the senior class only a trifle more than six per cent.

A comparison of the two systems as actually at


text: Page:Steamboat Bill.pdf/2

title: Page:Steamboat Bill.pdf/2


text: Page:Steamboat Bill.pdf/1

title: Page:Steamboat Bill.pdf/1


text:
Page:How the other half lives.djvu/99

 keeper of one notorious stale-beer dive and the active backer of others, is to-day an extensive manufacturer of macaroni, the owner of several big tenements and other real estate; and the capital, it is said, has all come out of his old business. Very likely it is true.

On hot summer nights it is no rare experience when exploring the worst of the tenements in "the Bend" to find the hallways occupied by rows of "sitters," tramps whom laziness or hard luck has prevented from earning enough by their day's "labor" to pay the admission fee to a stale-beer dive, and who have their reasons for declining the hospitality of the police station lodging-rooms. Huddled together in loathsome files, they squat there over night, or until an inquisitive policeman breaks up the congregation with his club, which in Mulberry Street has always free swing. At that season the woman tramp predominates. The men, some of them at least, take to the railroad track and to camping out when the nights grow warm, returning in the fall to prey on the city and to recruit their ranks from the lazy, the shiftless, and the unfortunate. Like a foul loadstone, "the Bend" attracts and brings them back, no matter how far they have wandered. For next to idleness the tramp loves rum; next to rum stale beer, its equivalent of the gutter. And the first and last go best together.

As "sitters" they occasionally find a job in the saloons about Chatham and Pearl Streets on cold winter nights, when the hallway is not practicable, that enables them to pick up a charity drink now and then and a bite of an infrequent sandwich. The barkeeper permits them to sit about the stove and by shivering invite the sympathy of transient customers. The dodge works well, especially about Christmas and election time, and the sitters are able

title: Page:How the other half lives.djvu/99


text:
Page:How the other half lives.djvu/100

 to keep comfortably filled up to the advantage of their host. But to look thoroughly miserable they must keep awake. A tramp placidly dozing at the fire would not be an object of sympathy. To make sure that they do keep awake, the wily bartender makes them sit constantly swinging one foot like the pendulum of a clock. When it stops the slothful "sitter" is roused with a kick and "fired out." It is said by those who profess to know that habit has come to the rescue of oversleepy tramps and that the old rounders can swing hand or foot in their sleep without betraying themselves. In some saloons "sitters" are let in at these seasons in fresh batches every hour.

On one of my visits to "the Bend" I came across a particularly ragged and disreputable tramp, who sat smoking his pipe on the rung of a ladder with such evident philosophic contentment in the busy labor of a score of rag-pickers all about him, that I bade him sit for a picture, offering him ten cents for the job. He accepted the offer with hardly a nod, and sat patiently watching me from his perch until I got ready for work. Then he took the pipe out of his mouth and put it in his pocket, calmly declaring that it was not included in the contract, and that it was worth a quarter to have it go in the picture. The pipe, by the way, was of clay, and of the two-for-a-cent kind. But I had to give in. The man, scarce ten seconds employed at honest labor, even at sitting down, at which he was an undoubted expert, had gone on strike. He knew his rights and the value of "work," and was not to be cheated out of either.

Whence these tramps, and why the tramping? are questions oftener asked than answered. Ill-applied charity and idleness answer the first query. They are the whence, and to a large extent the why also. Once start

title: Page:How the other half lives.djvu/100


text: Steamboat Bill

title: Steamboat Bill


text: Agreement relating to Malaysia between United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Federation of Malaya, North Borneo, Sarawak and Singapore/Annex D


text:
Page:Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices for Streets and Highways, 11th Edition (December 2023).pdf/11

MUTCD 11th Edition                <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" />
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2D.42
 *
Location of Destination Signs

 * | 239
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2D.43
 *
Distance Signs (D2 Series)

 * | 239
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2D.44
 *
Location of Distance Signs

 * | 243
 * - class="__toc_row_m-1 __toc_row_2-1 wst-toc-row-2-1 "
 * colspan=2 |STREET NAME AND PARKING SIGNS
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2D.45
 *
Street Name Signs (D3-1 and D3-1a)

 * | 247
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2D.46
 *
Advance Street Name Signs (D3-2 Series)

 * | 250
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2D.47
 *
Parking Area Guide Sign (D4-1)

 * | 251
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2D.48
 *
PARK - RIDE Sign (D4-2)

 * | 251
 * - class="__toc_row_m-1 __toc_row_2-1 wst-toc-row-2-1 "
 * colspan=2 |FREEWAY INTERCHANGE APPROACH SIGNS
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2D.49
 *
Signing on Conventional Roads on Approaches to Interchanges

 * | 252
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2D.50
 *
Freeway Entrance Signs (D13-3 and D13-3a)

 * | 254
 * - class="__toc_row_m-1 __toc_row_2-1 wst-toc-row-2-1 "
 * colspan=2 |WEIGH STATION, CROSSOVER, TRUCK AND PASSING LANE, AND EMERGENCY AND SLOW VEHICLE TURN-OUT SIGNS
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2D.51
 *
WEIGH STATION Signing (D8 Series)

 * | 261
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2D.52
 *
Crossover Signs (D13-1 and D13-2)

 * | 261
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2D.53
 *
Truck and Passing Lane Signs (D17-1 through D17-4)

 * | 263
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2D.54
 *
Emergency and Slow Vehicle Turn-Out Signs (D17-5 through D17-7)

 * | 266
 * - class="__toc_row_m-1 __toc_row_2-1 wst-toc-row-2-1 "
 * colspan=2 |OTHER GUIDE SIGNS
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2D.55
 *
Community Wayfinding Signs

 * | 268
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2D.56
 *
Signing of Named Highways for Mapping and Address Purposes

 * | 272
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2D.57
 *
National Scenic Byways Sign and Plaque (M10-1 and M10-1aP)

 * | 273
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2D.58
 *
State-Designated Scenic Byway, Historic Trail, and Auto Tour Route Signs

 * | 274
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2D.59
 *
Emergency Routing Signs and Plaques (M4-11 and M4-12 Series)

 * | 279
 * - class="__toc_row_m-1 __toc_row_2-1 wst-toc-row-2-1 "
 * colspan=2 |SIGNING AT AIRPORTS
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2D.60
 *
Signing at Airports

 * | 282

<templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="TOC templates/styles.css" /> December 2023
 * - class="__toc_row_m-1 __toc_row_2-1 wst-toc-row-2-1 "
 * colspan=2 |
 * - class="__toc_row_m-1 __toc_row_2-1 wst-toc-row-2-1 "
 * colspan=2 |GENERAL
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2E.01
 *
Scope of Freeway and Expressway Guide Sign Standards

 * | 289
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2E.02
 *
Freeway and Expressway Signing Principles

 * | 289
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2E.03
 *
Guide Sign Classification

 * | 289
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2E.04
 *
Characteristics of Urban Signing

 * | 290
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2E.05
 *
Characteristics of Rural Signing

 * | 290
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2E.06
 *
Signing of Named Highways

 * | 290
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2E.07
 *
Designation of Destinations

 * | 291
 * - class="__toc_row_m-1 __toc_row_2-1 wst-toc-row-2-1 "
 * colspan=2 |SIGN DESIGN
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2E.08
 *
General

 * | 293
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2E.09
 *
Color of Guide Signs

 * | 293
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2E.10
 *
Retroreflection or Illumination

 * | 293
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2E.11
 *
Interchange Classification

 * | 293
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2E.12
 *
Size of Signs and Letters

 * | 293
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2E.13
 *
Interline and Edge Spacing

 * | 301
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2E.14
 *
Sign Borders

 * | 301
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2E.15
 *
Amount of Legend on Guide Signs

 * | 301
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2E.16
 *
Abbreviations

 * | 301
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2E.17
 *
Symbols

 * | 301
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2E.18
 *
Arrows for Interchange Guide Signs

 * | 302
 * - class="__toc_row_m-1 __toc_row_2-1 wst-toc-row-2-1 "
 * colspan=2 |INSTALLATION
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2E.19
 *
Overhead Sign Installations

 * | 303
 * - class="__toc_row_1-m-1 __toc_row_1-dot-1 wst-toc-row-1-dot-1 "
 * | Section 2E.20
 *
Lateral Offset

 * | 303


text:
Page:The Works of Lord Byron (ed. Coleridge, Prothero) - Volume 8.djvu/14

 language, and with the same arguments, as the most ordinary persons.

The picture which the letters give of Byron, is, it is believed, unique in its completeness, while the portrait has the additional value of being painted by his own hand. Byron's career lends itself only too easily to that method of treatment, which dashes off a likeness by vigorous strokes with a full brush, seizing with false emphasis on some salient feature, and revelling in striking contrasts of light and shade. But the style here adopted by the unconscious artist is rather that in which Richardson the novelist painted his pathetic picture of Clarissa Harlowe. With slow, laborious touches, with delicate gradations of colour, sometimes with almost tedious minuteness and iteration, the gradual growth of a strangely composite character is presented, surrounded by the influences which controlled or moulded its development, and traced through all the varieties of its rapidly changing moods. Written, as Byron wrote, with habitual exaggeration, and on the impulse of the moment, his letters correct one another, and, from this point of view, every letter contained in the volume adds something to the truth and completeness of the portrait.

Round the central figure of Byron are grouped his relations and friends, and two of the most interesting features in the volume are the strength of his family affections, and the width, if not the depth, of his capacity for friendship. His father died when the child was only three years old. But a bundle of his letters, written from Valenciennes to his sister, Mrs. Leigh, in 1790-91, still exists, to attest, with startling plainness of speech, the