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 aromatic seeds. Aside from being useful for culinary purposes, most of the above-named plants possess valuable properties.

This completes the permanent bed.

Before proceeding any further I wish to have it understood that hereafter, in the course of this paper, all seeds advised to be sown broadcast are to be sown in long, narrow beds, with narrow walks between the beds, for convenience in gathering the crop and to protect the plants from being trodden upon.

Where sowing in drills is advised, it is likewise to be understood that all drills are to be not less than eighteen inches apart, and the cultivation between them to be done with a hand cultivator or wheel hoe, followed by hand hoeing between the plants if necessary.

Where planting in rows is recommended, it is intended that all rows, unless otherwise mentioned, should be not less than two and a half feet apart, to admit of the cultivation with a one-horse plow or cultivator, followed also by hand hoeing around the plants or hills.

Concerning the distance plants should be apart in the rows or otherwise, it may be safely said that each plant should stand so that when fully matured its outside leaves will just touch those of its nearest neighbor. This rule does not apply to onions and root crops, which may stand closer.

Concerning the best varieties of the different kinds of vegetables the reader is referred to the catalogues of reliable seedsmen. I shall recommend such varieties as I know to be good from personal experience. 12


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'''Genesis 12:5 lived 500 years and had other sons and daughters.

When Arphaxad was 35 years old, he became the father of Shelah. And after he had become the father of Shelah, Arphaxad lived 403 years and had other sons and daughters.

When Shelah was 30 years old, he became the father of Eber. And after he had become the father of Eber, Shelah lived 403 years and had other sons and daughters.

When Eber was 34 years old, he became the father of Peleg. And after he had become the father of Peleg, Eber lived 430 years and had other sons and daughters.

When Peleg was 30 years old, he became the father of Reu. And after he had become the father of Reu, Peleg lived 209 years and had other sons and daughters.

When Reu was 32 years old, he became the father of Serug. And after he had become the father of Serug, Reu lived 207 years and had other sons and daughters.

When Serug was 30 years old, he became the father of Nahor. And after he had become the father of Nahor, Serug lived 200 years and had other sons and daughters.

When Nahor was 29 years old, he became the father of Terah. And after he had become the father of Terah, Nahor lived 119 years and had other sons and daughters.

When Terah was 70 years old, he became the father of Abram, Nahor, and Haran.

Terah’s Descendants

This is the account of Terah. Terah became the father of Abram, Nahor, and Haran. And Haran became the father of Lot. During his father Terah’s lifetime, Haran died in his native land, in Ur of the Chaldeans.

And Abram and Nahor took wives for themselves. Abram’s wife was named Sarai, and Nahor’s wife was named Milcah; she was the daughter of Haran, who was the father of both Milcah and Iscah. But Sarai was barren; she had no children.

And Terah took his son Abram, his grandson Lot son of Haran, and his daughter-in-law Sarai the wife of Abram, and they set out from Ur of the Chaldeans for the land of Canaan. But when they arrived in Haran, they settled there. Terah lived 205 years, and he died in Haran. The Call of Abram (Genesis 26:1–5; Acts 7:1–8)

Then the LORD said to Abram, “Leave your country, your kindred, and your father’s household, and go to the land I will show you.

I will make you into a great nation, and I will bless you; I will make your name great, so that you will be a blessing. I will bless those who bless you and curse those who curse you; and all the families of the earth will be blessed through you. ”

So Abram departed, as the LORD had directed him, and Lot went with him. Abram was seventy-five years old when he left Haran. And Abram took his wife Sarai, his nephew Lot, and all the possessions and people they had acquired in Haran, and set out for the land of Canaan.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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 Alongside of the permanent bed, plant parsnips and salsify. Parsnip seed germinates slowly and quickly deteriorates by age, therefore early sowing and seed of unquestionable freshness are of primary importance. The subsoil should by all means be thoroughly loosened by the subsoil plow, unless it is naturally of a loose, friable texture. When it is borne in mind that parsnip roots grow wholly under ground, and when well grown measure over eighteen inches in length, the necessity for this will be seen at once. Sow in drills and thin to fiveinches apart. Parsnips may safely be loft in the ground all winter, as frost greatly improves them in saccharine quality.

Salsify or oyster plant, as the name implies, possesses the flavor of the oyster to a marked degree, and is highly esteemed by many on this account. It should have the same treatment in every respect as directed for the parsnip, and like it, too, is improved by frost. In the ground adjoining the parsnips and salsify, plant such vegetables as lettuce, spinach, radish, peas, bush beans, onions, kohlrabi, early cabbage, cauliflower, early potatoes and sweet corn. These mature nearly in the order named, and in time enough to be succeeded by other vegetables which will be mentioned hereafter.

Seed of lettuce, spinach and radish should be sown broadcast and as early as possible, with later sowings at intervals of about two weeks for a succes-


text: Report of The Inter-Governmental Committee, Malaysia/Elections


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 sive supply. Soil for lettuce and spinach should be of more than ordinary richness, and should contain sufficient moisture to insure rapid continuous growth. The best lettuce heads are raised by sowing seed in a hotbed and transplanting to the open ground when plants are two inches high. Cabbage varieties should be selected for this purpose. In this way I have grown heads of the New York Lettuce to weigh two pounds each, under ordinary treatment. Hanson, Burpee’s Golden Heart and Perpetual Lettuce are all good sorts. The Cos varieties do best if tied up a few days before using, to blanch all the inner leaves.

The Radish will thrive in any good garden soil, but a light sandy loam is better than heavily manured ground. In order to be crisp and tender, the growth should be rapid and unchecked. I can recommend French Breakfast, Golden Globe, White Stuttgart and Chartiers. The latter is of unusual merit.

As we all want green peas as early as possible, the seed should be planted early—the earlier the better. Peas will bear a great deal of cold without the slightest injury, either in the ground or after they are up. Sow in drills at the rate of one pint of seed to thirty-five feet of drill. To keep up a succession make a sowing of an early, medium, and a late variety at the same time. In about two weeks make another sowing as before. Soil for early varieties should be warm and very rich. Late varieties should be planted deeper than early sorts, but the soil should not be so rich, as late varieties are more productive on moist, cool ground, not


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'''14 When they came to the land of Canaan, Abram traveled through the land as far as the site of the Oak of Moreh at Shechem. And at that time the Canaanites were in the land.

Then the LORD appeared to Abram and said, “I will give this land to your offspring. ” So Abram built an altar there to the LORD, who had appeared to him.

From there Abram moved on to the hill country east of Bethel and pitched his tent, with Bethel to the west and Ai to the east. There he built an altar to the LORD, and he called on the name of the LORD.

And Abram journeyed on toward the Negev.

Abram and Sarai in Egypt

Now there was a famine in the land. So Abram went down to Egypt to live there for a while because the famine was severe. As he was about to enter Egypt, he said to his wife Sarai, “Look, I know that you are a beautiful woman, and when the Egyptians see you, they will say, ‘This is his wife.’ Then they will kill me but will let you live. Please say you are my sister, so that I will be treated well for your sake, and on account of you my life will be spared.”

So when Abram entered Egypt, the Egyptians saw that the woman was very beautiful. When Pharaoh’s officials saw Sarai, they commended her to him, and she was taken into the palace of Pharaoh. He treated Abram well on her account, and Abram acquired sheep and cattle, male and female donkeys, menservants and maidservants, and camels.

The LORD, however, afflicted Pharaoh and his household with severe plagues because of Abram’s wife Sarai. So Pharaoh summoned Abram and asked, “What have you done to me? Why didn’t you tell me she was your wife? Why did you say, ‘She is my sister,’ so that I took her as my wife? Now then, here is your wife. Take her and go!”

Then Pharaoh gave his men orders concerning Abram, and they sent him away with his wife and all his possessions. Abram and Lot Part Ways

So Abram went up out of Egypt into the Negev—he and his wife and all his possessions—and Lot was with him. And Abram had become extremely wealthy in livestock and silver and gold.

From the Negev he journeyed from place to place toward Bethel, until he came to the place between Bethel and Ai where his tent had formerly been pitched, to the site where he had built the altar. And there Abram called on the name of the LORD.

Now Lot, who was traveling with Abram, also had flocks and herds and tents. But the land was unable to support both of them while they stayed together, for they had so many possessions that they were unable to coexist. And there was discord between the herdsmen of Abram and the herdsmen of Lot. At that time the Canaanites and the Perizzites were also living in the land.

So Abram said to Lot, “Please let there be no contention between you and me, or between your herdsmen and my herdsmen. After all, we are brothers. Is not the whole land before you? Now separate yourself from me. If you go to the left, I will go to the right; if you go to the right, I will go to the left.”

Lot Proceeds toward Sodom

And Lot looked out and saw that the whole plain of the Jordan, all the way to Zoar, was


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 over rich. Philadelphia Extra Early, American Wonder and Telephone can be relied upon. After trying various methods for training pea vines I am satisfied that brush is the most effective support. Place a few short twigs or sticks on each side of dwarf peas, to prevent them from leaning over and decaying on the ground, as is often the casc in a wet season.

Dwarf or bush beans should not be planted before danger from frost is over. Being very tender, nothing is gained by planting earlier. They may be planted in hills one foot apart, with four plants to the hill, but the better way, I think, is to plant in drills, with plants three inches apart in the drill.

Seed should be covered lightly with mellow soil. Beans often fail to come up, from being covered too deeply, especially if there is much rain after planting. Two plantings of both early and late varieties, at intervals of two weeks, will give a supply until pole beans come in season. Beans should never be hoed while the foliage is wet, as that produces rust. Black Wax, Early Valentine and Golden Wax are standard sorts.

Onions may be raised successfully either from seed or from sets. If to be grown from seed no time should be lost in getting it sown in the spring. Sow in drills and thin the plants when about the size of quills, disturbing the remaining plants as little as possible. For southern latitudes and for an early supply it is


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'''Genesis 14:14 well watered like the garden of the LORD, like the land of Egypt. (This was before the LORD destroyed Sodom and Gomorrah.) So Lot chose the whole plain of the Jordan for himself and set out toward the east. And Abram and Lot parted company.

Abram lived in the land of Canaan, but Lot settled in the cities of the plain and pitched his tent toward Sodom. But the men of Sodom were wicked, sinning greatly against the LORD.

God Renews the Promise to Abram

After Lot had departed, the LORD said to Abram, “Now lift up your eyes from the place where you are, and look to the north and south and east and west, for all the land that you see, I will give to you and your offspring forever.

I will make your offspring like the dust of the earth, so that if one could count the dust of the earth, then your offspring could be counted. Get up and walk around the land, through its length and breadth, for I will give it to you.”

So Abram moved his tent and went to live near the Oaks of Mamre at Hebron, where he built an altar to the LORD. The War of the Kings

In those days Amraphel king of Shinar, Arioch king of Ellasar, Chedorlaomer king of Elam, and Tidal king of Goiim went to war against Bera king of Sodom, Birsha king of Gomorrah, Shinab king of Admah, Shemeber king of Zeboiim, and the king of Bela (that is, Zoar).

The latter five came as allies to the Valley of Siddim (that is, the Salt Sea ). For twelve years they had been subject to Chedorlaomer, but in the thirteenth year they rebelled.

In the fourteenth year, Chedorlaomer and the kings allied with him went out and defeated the Rephaites in Ashteroth-karnaim, the Zuzites in Ham, the Emites in Shaveh-kiriathaim, and the Horites in the area of Mount Seir, as far as El-paran, which is near the desert. Then they turned back to invade En-mishpat (that is, Kadesh), and they conquered the whole territory of the Amalekites, as well as the Amorites who lived in Hazazon-tamar.

Then the king of Sodom, the king of Gomorrah, the king of Admah, the king of Zeboiim, and the king of Bela (that is, Zoar) marched out and arrayed themselves for battle in the Valley of Siddim against Chedorlaomer king of Elam, Tidal king of Goiim, Amraphel king of Shinar, and Arioch king of Ellasar—four kings against five.

Abram Rescues Lot

Now the Valley of Siddim was full of tar pits, and as the kings of Sodom and Gomorrah fled, some men fell into the pits, but the survivors fled to the hill country.

The four kings seized all the goods of Sodom and Gomorrah and all their food, and they went on their way. They also carried off Abram’s nephew Lot and his possessions, since Lot was living in Sodom.

Then an escapee came and reported this to Abram the Hebrew. Now Abram was living near the Oaks of Mamre the Amorite, a brother of Eshcol and Aner, all of whom were bound by treaty to Abram. And when Abram heard that his relative had been


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 better to grow onions from sets planted three inches apart, in drills. Sets are small onions grown the previous year, from seed sown quite thickly. Sets may be planted very early, as they will not be injured even if the ground should freeze after they are planted. Wethersfield and Danvers are good varieties. For extra large specimens, sclect Italian varieties.

Seed of kohl rabi, early cabbage and cauliflower should be sown in a hotbed, and the plants transplanted to the open ground when four inches high.

Kohl rabi is grown for its turnip-shaped bulb, which is formed above ground, by the expansion of the stem. The bulb should be used while young and tender, as age detracts from its good quality. Set the, plants eight inches apart in the row. For later use sow seed in drills and thin to the proper distance apart. When well grown and properly prepared for the table, the kohl rabi is one of the most desirable of vegetables, and should be in every garden. Early White Vienna is the best variety.

Plant early cabbage in rows, with plants eighteen inches apart in the row. After trying several different sorts I have decided upon Early Jersey Wakefield, Early Flat Dutch, and Fottler’s Brunswick, as the best varieties for this latitude, and, as the cabbage worm has made late cabbage an uncertain crop for several years past here, in southern Illinois, we have planted largely of the Early Flat Dutch cabbage and had it picked and put up before the cabbage worm


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'''16 captured, he mobilized the 318 trained men born in his household, and they set out in pursuit as far as Dan.

During the night, Abram divided his forces and routed Chedorlaomer’s army, pursuing them as far as Hobah, north of Damascus. He retrieved all the goods, as well as his relative Lot and his possessions, together with the women and the rest of the people.

Melchizedek Blesses Abram (Psalm 110:1–7; Hebrews 7:1–10)

After Abram returned from defeating Chedorlaomer and the kings allied with him, the king of Sodom went out to meet him in the Valley of Shaveh (that is, the King’s Valley).

Then Melchizedek king of Salem brought out bread and wine—since he was priest of God Most High — and he blessed Abram and said:

“Blessed be Abram by God Most High, Creator of heaven and earth, and blessed be God Most High, who has delivered your enemies into your hand.”

Then Abram gave Melchizedek a tenth of everything.

The king of Sodom said to Abram, “Give me the people, but take the goods for yourself.”

But Abram replied to the king of Sodom, “I have raised my hand to the LORD God Most High, Creator of heaven and earth, that I will not accept even a thread, or a strap of a sandal, or anything that belongs to you, lest you should say, ‘I have made Abram rich.’ I will accept nothing but what my men have eaten and the share for the men who went with me—Aner, Eshcol, and Mamre. They may take their portion.” God’s Covenant with Abram (Romans 4:1–12; Hebrews 11:8–19)

After these events, the word of the LORD came to Abram in a vision:

“Do not be afraid, Abram. I am your shield, your very great reward.”

But Abram replied, “O Lord GOD, what can You give me, since I remain childless, and the heir of my house is Eliezer of Damascus?” Abram continued, “Behold, You have given me no offspring, so a servant in my household will be my heir.”

Then the word of the LORD came to Abram, saying, “This one will not be your heir, but one who comes from your own body will be your heir.” And the LORD took him outside and said, “Now look to the heavens and count the stars, if you are able.” Then He told him, “So shall your offspring be.”

Abram believed the LORD, and it was credited to him as righteousness.

The LORD also told him, “I am the LORD, who brought you out of Ur of the Chaldeans to give you this land to possess.”

God Confirms His Promise (Numbers 34:1–15; Romans 4:13–25)

But Abram replied, “Lord GOD, how can I know that I will possess it?”

And the LORD said to him, “Bring Me a heifer, a goat, and a ram, each three years old, along with a turtledove and a young pigeon.”

So Abram brought all these to Him, split each of them down the middle, and laid the halves opposite each other. The birds, however, he did not cut in half. And the birds of


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'''Genesis 16:14 prey descended on the carcasses, but Abram drove them away. As the sun was setting, Abram fell into a deep sleep, and suddenly great terror and darkness overwhelmed him.

Then the LORD said to Abram, “Know for certain that your descendants will be strangers in a land that is not their own, and they will be enslaved and mistreated four hundred years. But I will judge the nation they serve as slaves, and afterward they will depart with many possessions. You, however, will go to your fathers in peace and be buried at a ripe old age. In the fourth generation your descendants will return here, for the iniquity of the Amorites is not yet complete.”

When the sun had set and darkness had fallen, behold, a smoking firepot and a flaming torch appeared and passed between the halves of the carcasses. On that day the LORD made a covenant with Abram, saying, “To your descendants I have given this land—from the river of Egypt to the great River Euphrates— the land of the Kenites, Kenizzites, Kadmonites, Hittites, Perizzites, Rephaites, Amorites, Canaanites, Girgashites, and Jebusites.” Hagar and Ishmael

Now Abram’s wife Sarai had borne him no children, but she had an Egyptian maidservant named Hagar. So Sarai said to Abram, “Look now, the LORD has prevented me from bearing children. Please go to my maidservant; perhaps I can build a family by her.”

And Abram listened to the voice of Sarai. So after he had lived in Canaan for ten years, his wife Sarai took her Egyptian maidservant Hagar and gave her to Abram to be his wife. And he slept with Hagar, and she conceived. But when Hagar realized that she was pregnant, she began to despise her mistress.

Then Sarai said to Abram, “May the wrong done to me be upon you! I delivered my servant into your arms, and ever since she saw that she was pregnant, she has treated me with contempt. May the LORD judge between you and me.”

“Here,” said Abram, “your servant is in your hands. Do whatever you want with her.” Then Sarai treated Hagar so harshly that she fled from her.

Now the angel of the LORD found Hagar by a spring of water in the desert—the spring along the road to Shur. “Hagar, servant of Sarai,” he said, “where have you come from, and where are you going?”

“I am running away from my mistress Sarai,” she replied.

So the angel of the LORD told her, “Return to your mistress and submit to her authority.” Then the angel added, “I will greatly multiply your offspring so that they will be too numerous to count.”

The angel of the LORD proceeded:

“Behold, you have conceived and will bear a son. And you shall name him Ishmael, for the LORD has heard your cry of affliction. He will be a wild donkey of a man, and his hand will be against everyone, and everyone’s hand against him; he will live in hostility toward all his brothers.”

So Hagar gave this name to the LORD who had spoken to her: “You are the God who sees me, ” for she said, “Here I have seen the One who sees me!” Therefore the well was called


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 such velocity, that they both finish one revolution in the same time precisely. You may see this admirable, and to our purpose accommodate experience, if putting in a Bason of water a Ball that will swim; and holding the Bason in your hand, you turn round upon your toe, for you shall immediatly see the Ball begin to revolve in it self with a motion, contrary to that of the Bason, and it shall finish its revolution, when that of the Bason it shall finish. Now what other is the Earth than a pensil Globe librated in tenuous and yielding aire, which being carried about in a year along the circumference of a great circle, must needs acquire, without any other mover, a revolution about its own centre, annual, and yet contrary to the other motion in like manner annual? You shall see this effect I say, but if afterwards you more narrowly consider it, you shall find this to be no real thing, but a meer appearance; and that which you think to be a revolution in it self, you will find to be a not moving at all, but a continuing altogether immoveable in respect of all that which without you, and without the vessel is immoveable: for if in that Ball you shall make some mark, and consider to what part of the Room where you are, or of the Field, or of Heaven it is situate, you shall see that mark in yours, and the vessels revolution to look alwayes towards that same part; but comparing it to the vessel and to your self that are moveable, it will appear to go altering its direction, and with a motion contrary to yours, and that of the vessel, to go seeking all the points of its circumgyration; so that with more reason you and the bason may be said to turn round the immoveable Ball, than that it moveth round in the bason. In the same manner the Earth suspended and librated in the circumference of the Grand Orbe, and scituate in such sort that one of its notes, as for example, its North Pole, looketh towards such a Star or other part of the Firmament, it always keepeth directed towards the same, although carried round by the annual motion about the circumference of the said Grand Orbe. This alone is sufficient to make the Wonder cease, and to remove all difficulties. But what will Simplicius say, if to this non-indigence of the co-operating cause we should adde an admirable intrinsick vertue of the Terrestrial Globe, of looking with its determinate parts towards determinate parts of the Firmament, I speak of the Magnetick vertue constantly participated by any whatsoever piece of Loade-stone. And if every minute particle of that S•one have in it such a vertue, who will question but that the same more powerfully resides in this whole Terrestrial Globe, abounding in that Magnetick matter, and which happily it self, as to its internal and primary substance, is nothing else but a huge masse of Loade-stone.


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'''18 Beer-lahai-roi. It is located between Kadesh and Bered.

And Hagar bore Abram a son, and Abram gave the name Ishmael to the son she had borne. Abram was eighty-six years old when Hagar bore Ishmael to him. Abraham to Father Many Nations

When Abram was ninety-nine years old, the LORD appeared to him and said, “I am God Almighty. Walk before Me and be blameless. I will establish My covenant between Me and you, and I will multiply you exceedingly.”

Then Abram fell facedown, and God said to him, “As for Me, this is My covenant with you: You will be the father of many nations. No longer will you be called Abram, but your name will be Abraham, for I have made you a father of many nations.

I will make you exceedingly fruitful; I will make nations of you, and kings will descend from you.

I will establish My covenant as an everlasting covenant between Me and you and your descendants after you, to be your God and the God of your descendants after you.

And to you and your descendants I will give the land where you are residing—all the land of Canaan—as an eternal possession; and I will be their God.”

The Covenant of Circumcision

God also said to Abraham, “You must keep My covenant—you and your descendants in the generations after you. This is My covenant with you and your descendants after you, which you are to keep: Every male among you must be circumcised. You are to circumcise the flesh of your foreskin, and this will be a sign of the covenant between Me and you.

Generation after generation, every male must be circumcised when he is eight days old, including those born in your household and those purchased from a foreigner—even those who are not your offspring. Whether they are born in your household or purchased, they must be circumcised. My covenant in your flesh will be an everlasting covenant.

But if any male is not circumcised, he will be cut off from his people; he has broken My covenant.”

Then God said to Abraham, “As for Sarai your wife, do not call her Sarai, for her name is to be Sarah. And I will bless her and will surely give you a son by her. I will bless her, and she will be the mother of nations; kings of peoples will descend from her.”

Abraham fell facedown. Then he laughed and said to himself, “Can a child be born to a man who is a hundred years old? Can Sarah give birth at the age of ninety?” And Abraham said to God, “O that Ishmael might live under Your blessing!”

But God replied, “Your wife Sarah will indeed bear you a son, and you are to name him Isaac. I will establish My covenant with him as an everlasting covenant for his descendants after him. As for Ishmael, I have heard you, and I will surely bless him; I will make him fruitful and multiply him greatly. He will become the father of twelve rulers, and I will make him into a great nation. But I will establish My covenant with Isaac, whom Sarah will bear to you at this time next year.”


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 Then you are one of those it seems that hold the Magnetick Phylosophy * William Gilbert.

I am for certain, and think that all those that have seriously read his Book, and tried his experiments, will bear me company therein; nor should I despair, that what hath befallen me in this case, might possibly happen to you also, if so be a curiosity, like to mine, and a notice that infinite things in Nature are still conceal'd from the wits of mankind, by delivering you from being captivated by this or that particular writer in natural things, should but slacken the reines of your Reason, and mollifie the contumacy and tenaceousnesse of your sense; so as that they would not refuse to hearken sometimes to novelties never before spoken of. But (permit me to use this phrase) the pusillanimity of vulgar Wits is come to that passe, that not only like blind men, they make a gift, nay tribute of their own assent to whatsoever they find written by those Authours, which in the infancy of their Studies were laid before them, as authentick by their Tutors, but refuse to hear (not to say examine) any new Proposition or Probleme, although it not only never hath been confuted, but not so much as examined or considered by their Authours. Amongst which, one is this, of investigating what is the true, proper, primary, interne, and general matter and substance of this our Terrestrial Globe; For although it never came into the mind either of Aristotle, or of any one else, before William Gilbert to think that it might be a Magnet, so far are Aristotle and the rest from confuting this opinion, yet neverthelesse I have met with many, that at the very first mention of it, as a Horse at his own shadow, have start back, and refused to discourse thereof, and censured the conceipt for a vain Chymæra, yea, for a solemn madnesse: and its possible the Book of Gilbert had never come to my hands, if a Peripatetick Philosopher, of great fame, as I believe, to free his Library from its contagion, had not given it me.

I, who ingenuously confesse my self to be one of those vulgar Wits, and never till within these few dayes that I have been admitted to a share in your conferences, could I pretend to have in the least withdrawn from those trite and popular paths, yet, for all that, I think I have advantaged my self so much, as that I could without much trouble or difficulty, master the roughnesses of these novel and fantastical opinions.

If that which Gilbert writeth be true, then is it no opinion, but the subject of Science; nor is it new, but as antient as the Earth it self; nor can it (being true) be rugged or difficult, but plain and easie; and when you please I shall make you feel the same in your hand, for that you of your self fancy it to


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Runo VI]

, old and steadfast,

Now resolved upon a journey

To the cold and dreary regions

Of the gloomy land of Pohja.

Then he took his straw-hued stallion

Like a pea-stalk in his colour,

And the golden bit adjusted,

Bridle on his head of silver,

On his back himself he seated,

And he started on his journey,

And he trotted gently onward,

At an easy pace he journeyed,

Mounted on the straw-hued courser,

Like a pea-stalk in his colour.

Thus through Väinölä he journeyed,

Over Kalevala’s wide heathlands,

And the horse made rapid progress,

Home behind, and journey shortened,

Then across the sea he journeyed,

O’er the far-extending billows,

With the horse’s hoofs unwetted,

And his feet unsunk in water.

But the youthful Joukahainen,

He, the puny son of Lapland,

Long had cherished his resentment,

And had long indeed been envious

Of the aged Väinämöinen,

Of the ever-famous minstrel.

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'''Genesis 18:18  When He had finished speaking with Abraham, God went up from him.

On that very day Abraham took his son Ishmael and all those born in his household or purchased with his money—every male among the members of Abraham’s household—and he circumcised them, just as God had told him.

So Abraham was ninety-nine years old when he was circumcised, and his son Ishmael was thirteen; Abraham and his son Ishmael were circumcised on the same day. And all the men of Abraham’s household—both servants born in his household and those purchased from foreigners—were circumcised with him. The Three Visitors

Then the LORD appeared to Abraham by the Oaks of Mamre in the heat of the day, while he was sitting at the entrance of his tent. And Abraham looked up and saw three men standing nearby. When he saw them, he ran from the entrance of his tent to meet them and bowed low to the ground.

“My lord,” said Abraham, “if I have found favor in your sight, please do not pass your servant by. Let a little water be brought, that you may wash your feet and rest yourselves under the tree. And I will bring a bit of bread so that you may refresh yourselves. This is why you have passed your servant’s way. After that, you may continue on your way.”

“Yes,” they replied, “you may do as you have said.”

So Abraham hurried into the tent and said to Sarah, “Quick! Prepare three seahs of fine flour, knead it, and bake some bread.”

Meanwhile, Abraham ran to the herd, selected a tender and choice calf, and gave it to a servant, who hurried to prepare it. Then Abraham brought curds and milk and the calf that had been prepared, and he set them before the men and stood by them under the tree as they ate.

Sarah Laughs at the Promise

“Where is your wife Sarah?” they asked.

“There, in the tent,” he replied.

Then the LORD said, “I will surely return to you at this time next year, and your wife Sarah will have a son!”

Now Sarah was behind him, listening at the entrance to the tent. And Abraham and Sarah were already old and well along in years; Sarah had passed the age of childbearing. So she laughed to herself, saying, “After I am worn out and my master is old, will I now have this pleasure?”

And the LORD asked Abraham, “Why did Sarah laugh and say, ‘Can I really bear a child when I am old?’ Is anything too difficult for the LORD? At the appointed time I will return to you—in about a year—and Sarah will have a son.”

But Sarah was afraid, so she denied it and said, “I did not laugh.”

“No,” replied the LORD, “but you did laugh.”

Abraham Intercedes for Sodom

When the men got up to leave, they looked out over Sodom, and Abraham walked along with them to see them off.

And the LORD said, “Shall I hide from Abraham what I am about to do? Abraham will surely become a great and powerful nation,


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'''20 and through him all the nations of the earth will be blessed. For I have chosen him, so that he will command his children and his household after him to keep the way of the LORD by doing what is right and just, in order that the LORD may bring upon Abraham what He has promised.”

Then the LORD said, “The outcry against Sodom and Gomorrah is great. Because their sin is so grievous, I will go down to see if their actions fully justify the outcry that has reached Me. If not, I will find out.”

And the two men turned away and went toward Sodom, but Abraham remained standing before the LORD.

Abraham stepped forward and said, “Will You really sweep away the righteous with the wicked? What if there are fifty righteous ones in the city? Will You really sweep it away and not spare the place for the sake of the fifty righteous ones who are there? Far be it from You to do such a thing—to kill the righteous with the wicked, so that the righteous and the wicked are treated alike. Far be it from You! Will not the Judge of all the earth do what is right?”

So the LORD replied, “If I find fifty righteous ones within the city of Sodom, on their account I will spare the whole place.”

Then Abraham answered, “Now that I have ventured to speak to the Lord—though I am but dust and ashes— suppose the fifty righteous ones lack five. Will You destroy the whole city for the lack of five?”

He replied, “If I find forty-five there, I will not destroy it.”

Once again Abraham spoke to the LORD, “Suppose forty are found there?”

He answered, “On account of the forty, I will not do it.”

Then Abraham said, “May the Lord not be angry, but let me speak further. Suppose thirty are found there?”

He replied, “If I find thirty there, I will not do it.”

And Abraham said, “Now that I have ventured to speak to the Lord, suppose twenty are found there?”

He answered, “On account of the twenty, I will not destroy it.”

Finally, Abraham said, “May the Lord not be angry, but let me speak once more. Suppose ten are found there?”

And He answered, “On account of the ten, I will not destroy it.”

When the LORD had finished speaking with Abraham, He departed, and Abraham returned home. Lot Welcomes the Angels (Judges 19:1–30)

Now the two angels arrived at Sodom in the evening, and Lot was sitting in the gateway of the city. When Lot saw them, he got up to meet them, bowed facedown, and said, “My lords, please turn aside into the house of your servant; wash your feet and spend the night. Then you can rise early and go on your way.”

“No,” they answered, “we will spend the night in the square.”

But Lot insisted so strongly that they followed him into his house. He prepared a feast for them and baked unleavened bread, and they ate.


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 be a Ghost, and stand in fear of that which hath nothing in it of dreadfull, like as a little child doth fear the Hobgoblin, without knowing any more of it, save the name; as that which besides the name is nothing.

I should be glad to be informed, and reclaimed from an errour.

Answer me then to the questions that I shall ask you. And first of all, Tell me whether you believe, that this our Globe, which we inhabit and call Earth, consisteth of one sole and simple matter, or else that it is an aggregate of matters different from each other.

I see it to be composed of substances and bodies very different; and first, for the greatest parts of the composition, I see the Water and the Earth, which extreamly differ from one another.

Let us, for this once, lay aside the Seas and other Waters, and let us consider the solid parts, and tell me, if you think them one and the same thing, or else different.

As to appearance, I see that they are different things, there being very great heaps of unfruitful sands, and others of fruitful soiles; There are infinite sharp and steril mountains, full of hard stones and quarries of several kinds, as Porphyre, Alablaster, Jasper, and a thousand other kinds of Marbles: There are vast Minerals of so many kinds of metals; and in a word, such varieties of matters, that a whole day would not suffice only to enumerate them.

Now of all these different matters, do you think, that in the composition of this grand masse, there do concur portions, or else that amongst them all there is one part that far exceeds the rest, and is as it were the matter and substance of the immense lump?

I believe that the Stones, Marbles, Metals, Gems, and the so many other several matters are as it were Jewels, and exteriour and superficial Ornaments of the primary Globe, which in grosse, as I believe, doth without compare exceed all these things put together.

And this principal and vast masse, of which those things above named are as it were excressences and ornaments, of what matter do you think that it is composed?

I think that it is the simple, or lesse impure element of Earth.

But what do you understand by Earth? Is it haply that which is dispersed all over the fields, which is broke up with Mattocks and Ploughs, wherein we sowe corne, and plant fruits, and in which great boscages grow up, without the help of cul-


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56

Then he wrought a mighty crossbow,

And a splendid bow he fashioned,

And he formed the bow of iron,

Overlaid the back with copper,

And with gold inlaid it also,

And with silver he adorned it.

Where did he obtain the bowstring?

Whence a cord to match the weapon?

Sinews from the elk of Hiisi,

And the hempen cord of Lempo.

Thus at length the bow was finished,

And the stock was quite completed,

And the bow was fair to gaze on,

And its value matched its beauty.

At its back a horse was standing,

On the stock a foal was running,

On the curve a sleeping woman,

At the catch a hare was couching.

Shafts of wood he likewise fashioned,

Every arrow triply feathered,

And the shafts were formed of oakwood,

And he made the heads of pinewood;

Thus the arrows were completed,

And he fixed the feathers on them,

From the swallows’ plumage taken,

Likewise from the tails of sparrows.

After this, the points he sharpened,

And the arrow-points he poisoned,

In the black blood of the serpent,

In the blood of hissing adders.

Thus he made his arrows ready,

And his bow was fit for bending,

And he watched for Väinämöinen,

Waited for Suvantolainen,

Watched at morning, watched at evening,

Waited also through the noontide.

Long he watched for Väinämöinen,

Waited long, and wearied never,

Sitting gazing from the window,

Or upon the stairs he waited,

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 ture, and which is, in a word, the habitation of all animals, and the womb of all vegetables?

Tis this that I would affirm to be the substance of this our Globe.

But in this you do, in my judgment, affirm that which is not right: for this Earth which is broke up, is sowed, and is fertile, is but one part, and that very small of the surface of the Globe, which doth not go very deep, yea, its depth is very small, in comparison of the distance to the centre: and experience sheweth us, that one shall not dig very low, but one shall finde matters very different from this exteriour scurf, more solid, and not good for the production of vegetables. Besides the interne parts, as being compressed by very huge weights that lie upon them, are, in all probability, slived, and made as hard as any hard rock. One may adde to this, that fecundity would be in vain conferred upon those matters which never were designed to bear fruit, but to rest eternally buried in the profound and dark abysses of the Earth.

But who shall assure us, that the parts more inward and near to the centre are unfruitful? They also may, perhaps, have their productions of things unknown to us?

You may aswell be assured thereof, as any man else, as being very capable to comprehend, that if the integral bodies of the Universe be produced onely for the benefit of Mankind, this above all the rest ought to be destin'd to the sole conveniences of us its inhabitants. But what benefit can we draw from matters so hid and remote from us, as that we shall never be able to make use of them? Therefore the interne substance of this our Globe cannot be a matter frangible, dissipable, and non-coherent, like this superficial part which we call * : but it must, of necessity, be a most dense and solid body, and in a word, a most hard stone. And, if it ought to be so, what reason is there that should make you more scrupulous to believe that it is a Loadstone than a Porphiry, a Jasper, or other hard Marble? Happily if Gilbert had written, that this Globe is all compounded within of *Pietra Serena, or of Chalcedon, the paradox would have seemed to you lesse exorbitant?

That the parts of this Globe more intern are more compressed, and so more slived together and solid, and more and more so, according as they lie lower, I do grant, and so likewise doth Aristotle, but that they degenerate and become other than Earth, of the same sort with this of the superficial parts, I see nothing that obliegeth me to believe.

I undertook not this discourse with an intent to prove demonstratively that the primary and real substance of this our


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Runo VI]

Sometimes lurking by the pathway,

Sometimes watching in the meadow,

On his back his well-filled quiver,

’Neath his arm his crossbow ready.

Then he waited further onwards,

Lurking near another building,

On the cape that juts out sharply,

Where the tongue of land curves outward,

Near a waterfall, all foaming,

Past the banks of sacred rivers.

And at length one day it happened,

Very early in the morning,

As he turned his eyes to westward,

And he turned his head to eastward

Something dark he spied on ocean,

Something blue upon the billows.

“Is a cloud in east arising,

Or the dawn of day appearing?”

In the east no cloud was rising,

Nor the dawn of day appearing.

’Twas the aged Väinämöinen,

’Twas the ever-famous minstrel,

Who to Pohjola was hasting,

As to Pimentola he journeyed,

Mounted on his straw-hued courser,

Like a pea-stalk in his colour.

Then the youthful Joukahainen,

He, the meagre son of Lapland,

Spanned in haste his mighty crossbow,

And he aimed the splendid weapon

At the head of Väinämöinen,

Thus to kill Suvantolainen.

Then his mother came and asked him,

And the aged one inquired,

“Wherefore do you span your weapon,

Bending thus the iron crossbow?”

Then the youthful Joukahainen

Answered in the words which follow:

“Therefore do I span the weapon,

Bending thus the iron crossbow,

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 "How very extraordinary," exclaimed Aunt Eleanor. "It cannot be the wind."

She opened the front door; and as she did so, Judkins appeared with the sweep—a respectable and highly intelligent individual, who had been in practice more than half a century.

"I am glad that you are come," said Aunt Eleanor; "our chimnies are sadly out of order."

"It theemth ath though they voth," observed Chokes, who was blessed with a lisp of incomparable sweetness. "And yet it ithn't vethy long thinth they voth done. Vith one ith the vortht mum?"

"They appear to be all alike."

"Then there mutht be thomethin wrong. But vith do you vont firtht."

"The kitchen perhaps had better be done first."

"Vethy good."

"But be as quick as possible, there's a good man."

To the kitchen Chokes accordingly proceeded with Judkins, and found it comparatively clear, and while he was examining the chimney, Aunt Eleanor went into Sylvester's room, the only room in the house which was then free from smoke.

"Vy there ithn't muth thut in thith thimbly," cried Chokes. "There theemth to be nothin amith vith thith."

"There must be something amiss with it," cried cook; "that's all nonsense."

Chokes would have begged of her to allow him to know his own business, but as he had no desire to be discourteous, he merely looked as if he meant it.

"I thay," said he, "there ithn't thut enough in thith thimbley to make it thmoke. But I like to go about thingth thilent and phillethophical. How did the thmoke come down? all of a heap?"

"It come down in one mask," replied cook.

"I thee," said Chokes, with intelligence beaming in his eye. "Vethy good, then there muth in that cathe be thomethin amith with the pot."

He then walked with all his characteristic coolness into the garden, and having stationed himself tranquilly, perceived that every pot had been covered with a sack.

"There it ith," said he, waving his hand gracefully; "thatth the thtate of thingth."

"Why blarm their carcasses!" cried Judkins. "What'll they be up to next, I wonder! Now, who could have done this?"

"Who!" echoed cook, with a significant glance at Judkins. "You ask who! I could guess!" she added, emphatically. "Oh! I could guess!"

"Why you don't mean to guess that I did it, do you?"

"Them sacks there couldn't have been put upon them pots without hands!"

"Thatth vethy clear," said Chokes.

"Clear!—it is clear!—and missis shall know of it this moment!"

"Go away, woman," said Judkins, severely, as cook rushed in to tell


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58

For the head of Väinämöinen,

Thus to kill Suvantolainen,

I will shoot old Väinämöinen,

Strike the ever-famous minstrel,

Through the heart, and through the liver,

’Twixt the shoulders I will shoot him.”

But his mother straight forbade him,

And dissuaded him from shooting.

“Do not shoot at Väinämöinen,

Do not Kalevalainen slaughter.

Of a noble race is Väinö ;

He’s my sister’s son, my nephew.

“If you shoot at Väinämöinen,

And should Kalevalainen slaughter,

Gladness from the world will vanish,

And from earth will song be banished.

In the world is gladness better,

And on earth is song more cheerful,

Than to Manala if banished,

And to Tuonela’s darkest regions.”

Then the youthful Joukahainen

Paused a moment and reflected,

And he pondered for an instant,

Though his hands to shoot were ready,

One would shoot, and one restrained him,

But his sinewy fingers forced him.

And at length these words he uttered,

And expressed his own decision:

“What if twice from earth in future

Every gladness should be banished?

Let all songs for ever vanish;

I will shoot my arrows, heedless!”

Then he spanned the mighty crossbow,

And he drew the bow of copper,

And against his left knee bent it,

Steady with his foot he held it,

Took an arrow from his quiver,

Chose a triple-feathered arrow,

Took the strongest of his arrows,

Chose the very best among them,

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 "Because, if you are one of my brethren, I will take you into sweet communion and fellowship," returned I; "but if you belong to the unregenerate, I have a commission to slay you."

"The deil you hae, callant!" said he, gaping and laughing. "An' pray now, fa was it that gae you siccan a braw commission?"

"My commission is sealed by the signet above," said I, "and that I will let you and all sinners know. I am dedicated to it by the most solemn vows and engagements. I am the sword of the Lord, and Famine and Pestilence are my sisters. Wo then to the wicked of this land, for they must fall down dead together, that the church may be purified!"

"Oo, foo, foo! I see how it is," said he; "yours is a very braw commission, but you will have the small opportunity of carrying it through here. Take my advising, and write a bit of a letter to your friends, and I will send it, for this is no place for such a great man. If you cannot steady your hand to write, as I see you have been at your great work, a word of a mouth may do; for I do assure you this is not the place at all, of any in the world, for your operations."


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 The man apparently thought I was deranged in my intellect. He could not swallow such great truths at the first morsel. So I took his advice, and sent a line to my reverend father, who was not long in coming, and great was the jailer's wonderment when he saw all the great Christian noblemen of the land sign my bond of freedom.

My reverend father took this matter greatly to heart, and bestirred himself in the good cause till the transgressors were ashamed to shew their faces. My illustrious companion was not idle: I wondered that he came not to me in prison, nor at my release; but he was better employed, in stirring up the just to the execution of God's decrees; and he succeeded so well, that my brother and all his associates had nearly fallen victims to their wrath: But many were wounded, bruised, and imprisoned, and much commotion prevailed in the city. For my part, I was greatly strengthened in my resolution by the anathemas of my reverend father, who, privately, (that is in a family capacity,) in his prayers, gave up my father and brother, according to the flesh, to Satan, making it plain to all my senses of perception, that they were beings given up of God, to be devoured by fiends or men, at their will and


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 pleasure, and that whosoever should slay them, would do God good service.

The next morning my illustrious friend met me at an early hour, and he was greatly overjoyed at hearing my sentiments now chime so much in unison with his own. I said, "I longed for the day and the hour that I might look my brother in the face at Gilgal, and visit on him the iniquity of his father and himself, for that I was now strengthened and prepared for the deed."

"I have been watching the steps and movements of the profligate one," said he; "and lo, I will take you straight to his presence. Let your heart be as the heart of the lion, and your arms strong as the shekels of brass, and swift to avenge as the bolt that descendeth from Heaven, for the blood of the just and the good hath long flowed in Scotland. But already is the day of their avengement begun; the hero is at length arisen, who shall send all such as bear enmity to the true church, or trust in works of their own, to Tophet!"

Thus encouraged, I followed my friend, who led me directly to the same court in which I had chastised the miscreant on the foregoing day; and behold, there was the same group again assembled.


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Runo VI]

Then upon the groove he laid it,

On the hempen cord he fixed it,

Then his mighty bow he lifted,

And he placed it to his shoulder,

Ready now to shoot the arrow,

And to shoot at Väinämöinen.

And he spoke the words which follow:

“Do thou strike, O birch wood arrow,

Strike thou in the back, O pinewood.

Twang thy best, O hempen bowstring!

If my hand is leaning downward,

Let the arrow then strike higher,

If my hand is bending upward,

Let the arrow then strike downward!”

Quickly then he drew the trigger,

Shot the first among his arrows.

Far too high the shaft flew upward,

High above his head to skyward,

And it whizzed among the cloudlets,

Through the scattered clouds it wandered.

Thus he shot, in reckless fashion,

Shot the second of his arrows.

Far too low the shot flew downwards,

Deep in Mother Earth ’twas sunken.

Earth was almost sunk to Mana,

And the hills of sand were cloven.

Then he shot again, a third time,

And the third shaft, straighter flying,

In the blue elk’s spleen was buried,

Under aged Väinämöinen.

Thus he shot the straw-hued courser,

Like a pea-stalk in his colour;

Through the flesh beneath his shoulder,

In the left side deep he pierced him.

Then the aged Väinämöinen

Plunged his fingers in the water,

With his hands the waves he parted,

Grasping at the foaming billows,

From the blue elk’s back he tumbled,

From the steed of pea-stalk colour.

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 They eyed me with terror in their looks, as I walked among them and eyed them with looks of disapprobation and rebuke; and I saw that the very eye of a chosen one lifted on these children of Belial, was sufficient to dismay and put them to flight. I walked aside to my friend, who stood at a distance looking on, and he said to me, "What thinkest thou now?" and I answered in the words of the venal prophet, "Lo now, if I had a sword into mine hand, I would even kill him."

"Wherefore lackest thou it?" said he. "Dost thou not see that they tremble at thy presence, knowing that the avenger of blood is among them."

My heart was lifted up on hearing this, and again I strode into the midst of them, and eyeing them with threatening looks, they were so much confounded, that they abandoned their sinful pastime, and fled every one to his house!

This was a palpable victory gained over the wicked, and I thereby knew that the hand of the Lord was with me. My companion also exulted, and said, "Did not I tell thee? Behold thou dost not not know one half of thy might, or of the great things thou art destined to do. Come with me and I will show thee more than this, for these


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Eveena by the hand—for to hold my arm after the European fashion was always an inconvenience and fatigue to her—and preceded by Ergimo, I walked unnoticed to the closed gate of pink crystal, contrasting the emerald green of the outer walls. Along the front of this central portion of the residence was a species of verandah, supported by pillars overlaid with a bright red metal, and wrought in the form of smooth tree trunks closely clasped by creepers, the silver flowers of the latter contrasting the dense golden foliage and ruby-like stems. Under this, and in front of the gate itself, were two sentries armed with a spear, the shaft of which was about six feet in length, hollow, and almost as light as the cane or reed handle of an African assegai. The blade more resembled the triangular bayonet. Beside each, however, was the terrible asphyxiator, fixed on its stand, with a bore about as great as that of a nine-pounder, but incomparably lighter. These two weapons might at one discharge have annihilated a huge mob of insurgents threatening to storm the palace, were insurrections known in Mars. These men saluted us by dropping the points of their weapons and inclining the handle towards us; gazing


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 upon me with surprise, and with something of soldierly admiration for physical superiority. The doors, wide enough to admit a dozen Martialists abreast, parted, and we entered a vaulted hall whose arched roof was supported not by pillars but by gigantic statues, each presenting the lustre of a different jewel, and all wrought with singular perfection of proportion and of beauty. Here we were met by two officers wearing the same dress as the sentries outside—a diaper of crimson and silver. The rank of those who now received us, however, was indicated by a silver ribbon passing over the left shoulder, and supporting what I should have called a staff, save that it was of metal and had a sharp point, rendering it almost as formidable a weapon as the rapier. Exchanging a word or two with Ergimo, these gentlemen ushered us into a small room on the right, where refreshments were placed before us. Eveena whispered me that she must not share our meal in presence of these strangers; an intimation which somewhat blunted the keen appetite I always derived from a journey through the Martial atmosphere. Checked as it was, however, that appetite seemed a new astonishment to our attendants; the need of food among their race being proportionate to their inferior size and strength. When we rose, I asked Ergimo what was to become of Eveena, as the officers were evidently waiting to conduct me into the presence of their Sovereign, where it would not be appropriate for her to appear. He repeated my question to the principal official, and the latter, walking to a door in the farther corner of the room, sounded an electric signal; a few seconds after which the door opened, showing two


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 veiled figures, the pink ground of whose robes indicated their matronhood, if I may apply such a term to the relation of his hundred temporary wives to the Camptâ. But this ground colour was almost hidden in the embroidery of crimson, gold, and white, which, as I soon found, were the favourite colours of the reigning Prince. To these ladies I resigned Eveena, the officer saying, as I somewhat reluctantly parted from her, "What you entrust to the Camptâ's household you will find again in your own when your audience is over." Whether this avoidance of all direct mention of women were matter of delicacy or contempt I hardly knew, though I had observed it on former occasions.

When the door closed, I noticed that Ergimo had left us, and the officers indicated by gesture rather than by words that they were to lead me immediately into the presence. I had considered with some care how I was, on so critical an occasion, to conduct myself, and had resolved that the most politic course would probably be an assumption of courteous but absolute independence; to treat the Autocrat of this planet much as an English envoy would treat an Indian Prince. It was in accordance with this intention that I had assumed a dress somewhat more elaborate than is usually worn here, a white suit of a substance resembling velvet in texture, and moire in lustre, with collar and belt of silver. On my breast I wore my order of [illegible], and in my belt my one cherished Terrestrial possession—the sword, reputed the best in Asia, that had twice driven its point home within a finger's breadth of my life; and that clove the turban on my brow but a minute before it was sur-


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60

Then a mighty wind arising

Raised upon the sea a billow,

And it bore old Väinämöinen,

Swimming from the mainland further,

O’er the wide expanse of water,

Out into the open ocean.

Then the youthful Joukahainen

Uttered words of boastful triumph:

“Now thou ancient Väinämöinen,

Never while thy life endureth,

In the course of all thy lifetime,

While the golden moon is shining,

Walk in Väinölä’s fair meadows,

Or on Kalevala’s broad heathlands!

“May you toss for six years running,

Seven long summers ever drifting,

Tossed about for over eight years,

On the wide expanse of water,

On the surface of the billows,

Drift for six years like a pine-tree,

And for seven years like a fir-tree,

And for eight years like a tree-stump!”

Then the house again he entered,

And at once his mother asked him,

“Have you shot at Väinämöinen?

Slaughtered Kaleva’s famous offspring?”

Then the youthful Joukahainen

Answered in the words which follow:

“I have shot at Väinämöinen,

And have o’erthrown Kalevalainen,

Sent him swimming in the water,

Swept him out upon the billows,

On the restless waves of ocean

Where the waves are wildly tossing,

And the old man plunged his fingers

And his palms amid the waters,

Then upon his side he tumbled,

And upon his back he turned him,

Drifting o’er the waves of ocean,

Out upon the foaming billows.”

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 rendered—just in time to save its gallant owner and his score of surviving comrades. In its hilt I had set the emerald with which alone the Commander of the Faithful rewarded my services. The turban is not so unlike the masculine head-dress of Mars as to attract any special attention. Re-entering the hall, I was conducted along a gallery and through another crystal door into the immediate presence of the Autocrat. The audience chamber was of no extraordinary size, perhaps one-quarter as large as the peristyle of Esmo's dwelling. Along the emerald walls ran a series of friezes wrought in gold, representing various scenes of peace and war, agricultural, judicial, and political; as well as incidents which, I afterwards learnt, preserved the memory of the long struggles wherein the Communists were finally overthrown. The lower half of the room was empty, the upper was occupied by a semicircle of seats forming part of the building itself and directly facing the entrance. These took up about one-third of the space, the central floor being divided from the upper portion of the room by a low wall of metal surmounted by arches supporting the roof and hung with drapery, which might be so lowered as to conceal the whole occupied part of the chamber. The seats rose in five tiers, one above the other. The semicircle, however, was broken exactly in the middle, that is, at the point farthest from the entrance, by a broad flight of steps, at the summit of which, and raised a very little above the seats of the highest tier, was the throne, supported by two of the royal brutes whose attack had been so nearly fatal to myself, wrought in silver, their erect heads forming the arms and front. About fifty persons


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 were present, occupying only the seats nearest to the throne. On the upper tier were nine or ten who wore a scarlet sash, among whom I recognised a face I had not seen since the day of my memorable visit to the Astronaut; not precisely the face of a friend—Endo Zamptâ. Behind the throne were ranged a dozen guards, armed with the spear and with the lightning gun used in hunting. That a single Martial battalion with its appropriate artillery could annihilate the best army of the Earth I could not but be aware; yet the first thought that occurred to me, as I looked on these formidably armed but diminutive soldiers, was that a score of my Arab horsemen would have cut a regiment of them to pieces. But by the time I had reached the foot of the steps my attention was concentrated on a single figure and face—the form and countenance of the Prince, who rose from his throne as I approached. Those who remember that Louis XIV., a prince reputed to have possessed the most majestic and awe-inspiring presence of his age, was actually beneath the ordinary height of Frenchmen, may be able to believe me when I say that the Autocrat of Mars, though scarcely five feet tall, was in outward appearance and bearing the most truly royal and imposing prince I have ever seen. His stature, rising nearly two inches over the tallest of those around him, perhaps added to the effect of a mien remarkable for dignity, composure, and self-confidence. The predominant and most immediately observable expression of his face was one of serene calm and command. A closer inspection and a longer experience explained why, notwithstanding, my first conception of his character (and it was a true one)


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 ascribed to him quite as much of fire and spirit as of impassive grandeur. His voice, though its tone was gentle and almost strikingly quiet, had in it something of the ring peculiar to those which have sent the word of command along a line of battle. I felt as I heard it more impressed with the personal greatness, and even with the rank and power, of the Prince before me, than when I knelt to kiss the hand of the Most Christian King, or stood barefooted before the greatest modern successor of the conqueror of Stamboul.

"I am glad to receive you," he said. "It will be among the most memorable incidents of my reign that I welcome to my Court the first visitor from another world, or," he added, after a sudden pause, and with an inflection of unmistakable irony in his tone, "the first who has descended to our world from a height to which no balloon could reach and at which no balloonist could live."

"I am honoured, Prince," I replied, "in the notice of a greater potentate than the greatest of my own world."

These compliments exchanged, the Prince at once proceeded to more practical matters, aptly, however, connecting his next sentence with the formal phrases preceding it.

"Nevertheless, you have not shown excessive respect for my power in the person of one of my greatest officers. If you treated the princes of Earth as unceremoniously as the Regent of Elcavoo, I can understand that you found it convenient to place yourself beyond their reach."

I thought that this speech afforded me an opportunity


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 of repairing my offence with the least possible loss of dignity.

"The proudest of Earthly princes," I replied, "would, I think, have pardoned the roughness which forgot the duty of a subject in the first obligations of humanity. No Sovereign whom I have served, but would have forgiven me more readily for rough words spoken at such a moment, than for any delay or slackness in saving the life of a woman in danger under his own eyes. Permit me to take this opportunity of apologizing to the Regent in your presence, and assuring him that I was influenced by no disrespect to him, but only by overpowering terror for another."

"The lives of a dozen women," said the Camptâ, still with that covert irony or sarcasm in his tone, "would seem of less moment than threats and actual violence offered to the ruler of our largest and wealthiest dominion. The excuse which Endo Zamptâ must accept" (with a slight but perceptible emphasis on the imperative) "is the utter difference between our laws and ideas and your own."

The Regent, at this speech from his Sovereign, rose and made the usual gesture of assent, inclining his head and lifting his left hand to his mouth. But the look on his face as he turned it on me, thus partly concealing it from the camptâ, boded no good should I ever fall into his power. The Prince then desired me to give an account of the motives which had induced my voyage and the adventures I had encountered. In reply, I gave him, as briefly and clearly as I could, a summary of all that is recorded in the earlier part of this narrative, carefully forbearing to afford any explana-


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 tion of the manner in which the apergic force was generated. This omission the Prince noticed at once with remarkable quickness.

"You do not choose," he said, "to tell us your secret, and of course it is your property. Hereafter, however, I shall hope to purchase it from you."

"Prince," I answered, "if one of your subjects-found himself in the power of a race capable of conquering this world and destroying its inhabitants, would you forgive him if he furnished them with the means of reaching you?"

"I think," he replied, "my forgiveness would be of little consequence in that case. But go on with your story."

I finished my narration among looks of surprise and incredulity from no inconsiderable part of the audience, which, however, I noticed the less because the Prince himself listened with profound interest; putting in now and then a question which indicated his perfect comprehension of my account, of the conditions of such a journey and of the means I had employed to meet them.

"Before you were admitted," he said, "Endo Zamptâ had read to us his report upon your vessel and her machinery, an account which in every respect consists with and supports the truth of your relation. Indeed, were your story untrue, you have run a greater risk in telling it here than in the most daring adventure I have ever known or imagined. The Court is dismissed. Reclamomorta will please me by remaining with me for the present."

When the assembly dispersed, I followed their Auto-


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 crat at his desire into his private apartments, where, resting among a pile of cushions and motioning me to take a place in immediate proximity to himself, he continued the conversation in a tone and manner so exactly the same as that he had employed in public as to show that the latter was not assumed for purposes of monarchical stage-play, but was the natural expression of his own character as developed under the influence of unlimited and uncontradicted power. He only exchanged, for unaffected interest and implied confidence, the tone of ironical doubt by which he had rendered it out of the question for his courtiers to charge him with a belief in that which public opinion might pronounce impossible, while making it apparent to me that he regarded the bigotry of scepticism with scarcely veiled contempt.

"I wish," he said, "I had half-a-dozen subjects capable of imagining such an enterprise and hardy enough to undertake it. But though we all profess to consider knowledge, and especially scientific knowledge, the one object for which it is worth while to live, none of us would risk his life in such an adventure for all the rewards that science and fame could give."

"I think, Prince," I replied, "that I am in presence of one inhabitant of this planet who would have dared at least as much as I have done."

"Possibly," he said. "Because, weary as most of us profess to be of existence, the weariest life in this world is that of him who rules it; living for ever under the silent criticism which he cannot answer, and bound to devote his time and thoughts to the welfare of a race whose utter extermination would be, on their own show-


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 ing, the greatest boon he could confer upon them. Certainly I would rather be the discoverer of a world than its Sovereign."

He asked me numerous questions about the Earth, the races that inhabit it, their several systems of government, and their relations to one another; manifesting a keener interest, I thought, in the great wars which ended while I was yet a youth, than in any other subject. At last he permitted me to take leave. "You are," he said, "the most welcome guest I ever have or could have received; a guest distinguished above all others by a power independent of my own. But what honour I can pay to courage and enterprise, what welcome I can give such a guest, shall not be unworthy of him or of myself. Retire now to the home you will find prepared for you. I will only ask you to remember that I have chosen one near my own in order that I may see you often, and learn in private all that you can tell me."

At the entrance of the apartment I was met by the officer who had introduced me into the presence, and conducted at once to a door opening on the interior court or peristyle of the central portion of the Palace. This was itself a garden, but, unlike those of private houses, a garden open to the sky and traversed by roads in lieu of mere paths; not serving, as in private dwellings, the purposes of a common living room. Here a carriage awaited us, and my escort requested me to mount. I had some misgivings on Eveena's account, but felt it necessary to imitate the reserve and affected indifference on such subjects of those among whom I had been thrown, at least until I somewhat better under-


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Runo VII]

But his mother made him answer,

“Very evil hast thou acted,

Thus to shoot at Väinämöinen

And to o’erthrow Kalevalainen.

Of Suvantola the hero,

Kalevala’s most famous hero.”

, old and steadfast,

Swam upon the open ocean,

Drifting like a fallen pine-tree,

Like a rotten branch of fir-tree,

During six days of the summer,

And for six nights in succession,

While the sea spread wide before him,

And the sky was clear above him.

Thus he swam for two nights longer,

And for two days long and dreary.

When the ninth night darkened round him,

And the eighth day had passed over,

Sudden anguish came upon him,

And his pain grew ever greater.

From his toes his nails were dropping,

And the joints from off his fingers.

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text: Kalevala (Kirby 1907)/Runo 6

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62

Then the aged Väinämöinen

Spoke in words like those which follow:

“Woe to me, unhappy creature,

Overburdened with misfortune!

I have wandered from my country,

And my ancient home abandoned.

’Neath the open sky for ever,

Driven along in sun and moonlight,

Rocked about by winds for ever,

Tossed about by every billow,

On the wide expanse of water,

Out upon the open ocean,

Here I live a cold existence,

And ’tis painful thus to wallow,

Always tossing on the billows,

On the surface of the waters.

“Now, alas, I know no longer

How to lead this life of sadness

In this everlasting trouble,

In an age when all is fleeting.

Shall I rear in wind a dwelling,

Build a house upon the waters?

“If I rear in wind a dwelling,

Then the wind would not sustain it;

If I build a house on water,

Then the waves will drift it from me.”

Came a bird from Lapland flying,

From the north-east came an eagle,

Not the largest of the eagles,

Nor was he among the smallest,

With one wing he swept the water,

To the sky was swung the other;

On the sea his tail he rested,

On the cliffs his beak he rattled.

Slowly back and forwards flying,

Turning all around, and gazing,

Soon he saw old Väinämöinen

On the blue waves of the ocean.

“What has brought you here, O hero,

Wandering through the waves of ocean?”

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Runo VII]

Väinämöinen, old and steadfast,

Answered in the words which follow:

“This has brought the man to ocean,

Plunged the hero in the sea-waves.

I would seek the maid of Pohja,

Woo the maiden of Pimentola.

“On my journey swift I hasted,

On the ocean’s watery surface,

Till about the time of daybreak,

Came I, after many mornings,

Where is Luotola’s deep embayment,

Hard by Joukola’s rapid river,

When my horse was shot beneath me,

By an arrow launched against me.

“Thus I fell into the water,

In the waves I plunged my fingers,

And the wind impels me onward,

And the billows drift me forward.

“Then there came a gale from north-west,

From the east a mighty tempest,

Far away the tempest drove me,

Swimming from the land still further,

Many days have I been floating,

Many days have I been swimming,

On this wide expanse of water,

Out upon the open ocean.

And I cannot now conjecture,

Cannot guess, nor e’en imagine,

How I finally shall perish,

And what death shall overtake me

Whether I shall die of hunger,

Or shall sink beneath the waters.”

Said the bird of air, the eagle,

“Let thy heart be free from trouble;

Climb upon my back, and seat thee,

Standing up upon my wing-tips,

From the sea will I transport thee,

Wheresoever thou may’st fancy.

For the day I well remember,

And recall a happier season,

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Tomb of Eye (Breasted)

== TOMB OF EYE ==

989. Eye, who afterward became king, has left a fine scene in his tomb, showing the royal family on the palace balcony, throwing down collars and vessels of gold to Eye and his wife Tiy. Unfortunately, the inscriptions such as we find in a similar scene in Merire's tomb (§§ 982 ff.) are here wanting. Only the comments of Eye's servants in the rear of his house have been recorded. Eye had received a similar honor before his marriage with Tiy, and this is likewise depicted in his tomb, but without inscriptions. He was not an official of high rank, being only "Fan-bearer on the right of the king, master of all the horses of his majesty, his truly beloved scribe, the divine father, Eye." His favor was doubtless due to his zeal in the new faith and his marriage with Tiy, the "great nurse, nourisher of the god, adorner of the king," that is, she had been Ikhnaton's nurse in his childhood.

990. Further indications of his favor are thus recorded:

I was one favored of his lord every day, great in favor from year to year, because of the exceeding greatness of my excellence in his opinion. He doubled for me my favors like the number of the sand; I was the first of the officials at the head of the people I am a. . . . . . . . . . . . I am a ⌈true⌉ witness, devoid of evil; my name has penetrated into the palace, because of my usefulness to the king, because of my hearing his teaching. . . . . . . . . . . O everyone that liveth upon earth, every generation that is to be, I will tell you the way of life. I bear you witness that I was praised for what I said, I was '"content 1 by reason of what I did; I was truthful upon earth, making praise to the living Aton.

Hymn to Aton and the King
991. Praise to thee! When thou risest in the horizon, O living Aton, lord of eternity. Obeisance to thy rising in heaven, to illuminate every land, with thy beauty. Thy rays are upon thy beloved son. Thy hand 3 has a myriad of jubilees for the King of Upper and Lower Egypt, Neferkheprure-Wanre, thy child who came forth from thy rays. Thou assignest to him thy lifetime and thy years. Thou hearest for him that which is in his heart. He is thy beloved, thou makest him like Aton. When thou risest, eternity is given him; when thou settest, thou givest him everlastingness. Thou begettest him in the morning like thine own forms; thou formest him as thy emanation, like Aton, ruler of truth, who came forth from eternity, son of Re, wearing his beauty, who offers to him the product of his rays; King of Upper and Lower Egypt, living in truth, Lord of the Two Lands, NeferkheprureWanre; the Great King's-Wife, Nefernefruaton-Nofretete; living forever and ever.

Hymn to Aton and the King
992. The divine father, favorite of the Good God, fan-bearer at the right of the king, master of all the horses of his majesty, truly beloved scribe of the king, Eye. He saith: "Praise to thee! O living Aton, rising in heaven. He inundates the hearts, and all lands are in festivity because of his rising; their hearts 7 are happy with the joy of their lord, Irsu who shineth upon them. Thy beloved son presents truth before thy beautiful face; thou rejoicest when thou seest him, (for) he came forth from thee; son of eternity, who came forth from Aton, spirit of his spirit, gratifying the heart of Aton. When he rises in heaven, he rejoices in his son; he embraces him with his rays; he gives to him eternity as king, like the Aton; Neferkheprure-Wanre, this god, who made me, who caused my ka to be. Grant that I may be satisfied with seeing thee without ceasing; this lord who forms like Aton; rich in possessions a full Nile every day, making Egypt live. Silver and gold are like the sand of the shore; the land awakens to mighty rejoicing in his ka, the offspring of the Aton. Thou art eternal, Neferkheprure-Wanre; living and sound art thou, for he begat thee."

Self-Praise
993. The divine father, etc., Eye; he saith: "I am the truthful one of the king whom he created, the upright one of the Lord of the Two Lands, useful to his lord, following the ka of his majesty, like his favorite, who sees "his beauty when he 'appears' in his palace. I am at the head of the princes, the companions of the king, the first of all the followers of his majesty. He put truth in my body, and my abomination is lying. I know that Wanre rejoices in it (truth), this lord, wise like Aton, knowing the truth. He doubles to me my favors in silver and gold; I am first of the officials, at the head of the people. ⌈————⌉ the lord ⌈—⌉ me. I have carried out his teaching."

Prayer for Self
994. "May I live praising his ka, may I be satisfied following him; (for) my breath of life is in him, this north wind, this myriad of high Niles every day, Neferkheprure-Wanre. Grant me long life in thy favor. How prosperous is thy favorite, O son of the Aton! All that he does endures and prospers, and the ka of the Lord of the Two Lands is with him forever, so that he is satisfied with life, when he reaches old age. O lord, who forms the people, and creates duration, who performs the pleasant obligation to his favorite, (whose) heart is satisfied with truth, whose abomination is lying. How prosperous is he who hears thy teaching of life, of life; he is satisfied with seeing thee without ceasing, and his two eyes see Aton every day. Grant to me a good old age like thy favorite; grant to me goodly burial by thy command in my house, wherein thou commandest me to rest, in the mountain of Akhetaton, the place of the favorite. May I hear thy sweet voice in the sanctuary when thou performest the pleasant ceremonies of thy father, the living Aton."

Prayer for King and Queen
995. "May he set thee forever and ever; may he endow thee with jubilees like the numbers of the shore, when measured with an ipet-rod; like reckoning the sea when measured with zawets, (or) a statement of the numbering of the mountains when weighed in balances; (or) the feathers of the birds, (or) the leaves of the trees, in jubilees for the king, Wanre (Ikhnaton), forever and ever as king; and for the Great King's-Wife, his beloved, abounding in her beauty; her who sends the Aton to rest with a sweet voice, and with her two beautiful hands, bearing two sistrums, the Mistress of the Two Lands, Nefernefruaton-Nofretete, living forever and ever. May she be by the side of Wanre (Ikhnaton) forever and ever as the heavens abide under that which is in them. Thy father Aton rises in heaven, to protect thee every day, for he begat thee."

Prayer for Self
Grant me to kiss the pure ground, to come forth in thy presence with offerings for thy father, Aton, of that which thy ka gives. Grant that my mortuary priest may abide and flourish for me, (as) for one who is on earth following thy ka, ⌈who has been exalted⌉ for ⌈my⌉ name's sake, to the place of the favorites, wherein thou makest one to rest. My mouth is full of truth, my name is mentioned because of it, for thou hast commanded that I be like thy every favorite who follows thy ka. May I go on, enjoying thy favor after old age.

For the ka of Eye the revered, who lives again.

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64

When fell Kaleva’s green forest,

Cleared was Osmola’s famed island,

But thou didst protect the birch-tree,

And the beauteous tree left’st standing,

That the birds might rest upon it,

And that I myself might sit there.”

Then the aged Väinämöinen

Raised his head from out the water,

From the sea the man sprang upward,

From the waves the hero mounted,

On the eagle’s wings he sat him,

On the wing-tips of the eagle.

Then the bird of air, the eagle,

Raised the aged Väinämöinen,

Through the path of wind he bore him,

And along the east-wind’s pathway,

To the utmost bounds of Pohja,

Onwards to the misty Sariola,

There abandoned Väinämöinen,

Soared into the air, and left him.

There stood Väinämöinen weeping,

There stood weeping and lamenting,

On the borders of the ocean,

On a land whose name he knew not,

With a hundred wounds upon him,

By a thousand winds belaboured,

And his beard was much disordered,

And his hair was all entangled.

Thus he wept for two, and three nights,

For as many days stood weeping,

For the country round he knew not,

And no path could he discover,

Which perchance might lead him homeward,

Back to a familiar country,

To his own, his native country,

Where he passed his days aforetime.

But the little maid of Pohja,

Fair-haired damsel of the household,

With the sun had made agreement,

And both sun and moon had promised,

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Rh to me. This one opened his head wide and laughed like a

demon; or like a maniac who was consumed with humorous scorn over a cheap and degraded pun. It was a very human laugh. If he had been out of sight I could have believed that the laughter came from a man. It is an odd-looking bird, with a head and beak that are much too large for its body. In time man will exterminate the rest of the wild creatures of Australia, but this one will probably survive, for man is his friend and lets him alone. Man always has a good reason for his charities towards wild things, human or animal—when he has any. In this case the bird is spared because he kills snakes. If L. J. will take my advice he will not kill all of them.

In that garden I also saw the wild Australian dog—the dingo. He was a beautiful creature—shapely, graceful, a little wolfish in some of his aspects, but with a most friendly eye and sociable disposition. The dingo is not an importation; he was present in great force when the whites first came to the


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 CHAPTER XIX.

HE successor of the sheet-iron hamlet of the mangrove marshes has that other Australian specialty, the Botanical Gardens. We cannot have these paradises. The best we could do would be to cover a vast acreage under glass and apply steam heat. But it would be inadequate, the lacks would still be so great: the confined sense, the sense of suffocation, the atmospheric dimness, the sweaty heat—these would all be there, in place of the Australian openness to the sky, the sunshine and the breeze. Whatever will grow under glass with us will flourish rampantly out of doors in Australia. When the white man came the continent was nearly as poor, in variety ot vegetation, as the desert of Sahara; now it has everything that grows on the earth. In fact, not Australia only, but all Australasia has levied tribute upon the flora of the rest of the world; and wherever one goes the results appear, in gardens private and public, in the woodsy walls of the highways, and in even the forests. If you see a curious or beautiful tree or bush or flower, and ask about it, the people, answering, usually name a foreign country as the place of its origin—India, Africa, Japan, China, England, America, Java, Sumatra, New Guinea, Polynesia, and so on.

In the Zoölogical Gardens of Adelaide I saw the only laughing jackass that ever showed any disposition to be courteous

(184)


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Rh About 64 roads to the other world. You see how healthy the religious atmosphere is. Anything can live in it. Agnostics, Atheists, Freethinkers, Infidels, Mormons, Pagans, Indefinites: they are all there. And all the big sects of the world can do more than merely live in it: they can spread, flourish, prosper. All except the Spiritualists and the Theosophists. That is the most curious feature of this curious table. What is the matter with the specter? Why do they puff him away? He is a welcome toy everywhere else in the world.


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Rh the French say, and were driven in an open carriage over the hills and along their slopes to the city. It was an excursion of an hour or two, and the charm of it could not be overstated, I think. The road wound around gaps and gorges, and offered all varieties of scenery and prospect—mountains, crags, country homes, gardens, forests—color, color, color everywhere, and the air fine and fresh, the skies blue, and not a shred of cloud to mar the downpour of the brilliant sunshine. And finally the mountain gateway opened, and the immense plain lay spread out below and stretching away into dim distances on every hand, soft and delicate and dainty and beautiful. On its near edge reposed the city.

We descended and entered. There was nothing to remind one of the humble capital of huts and sheds of the long-vanished day of the land-boom. No, this was a modern city, with wide streets, compactly built; with fine homes everywhere, embowered in foliage and flowers, and with imposing masses of public buildings nobly grouped and architecturally beautiful.

There was prosperity in the air; for another boom was on. Providence, desiring to show especial regard for the neighboring colony on the west—called Western Australia—and exhibit a loving interest in its welfare which should certify to all nations the recognition of that colony's conspicuous righteousness and distinguished well-deserving, had recently conferred upon it that majestic treasury of golden riches, Coolgardie; and pow South Australia had gone around the corner and taken it, giving thanks. Everything comes to him who is patient and good, and waits.

But South Australia deserves much, for apparently she is a hospitable home for every alien who chooses to come; and for his religion, too. She has a population, as per the latest census, of only 320,000-odd, and yet her varieties of religion indicate the presence within her borders of samples of people from


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Rh these wigwams fashion made display; richly-dressed ladies played on costly pianos, London swells in evening dress and patent-leather boots were abundant, and this fine society drank champagne, and in other ways conducted itself in this capital of humble sheds as it had been accustomed to do in the aristocratic quarters of the metropolis of the world. The provincial government put up expensive buildings for its own use, and a palace with gardens for the use of its governor. The governor had a guard, and maintained a court. Roads, wharves, and hospitals were built. All this on credit, on paper, on wind, on inflated and fictitious values—on the boom's moonshine, in fact.

This went on handsomely during four or five years. Then all of a sudden came a smash. Bills for a huge amount drawn by the governor upon the Treasury were dishonored, the land company's credit went up in smoke, a panic followed, values fell with a rush, the frightened immigrants seized their grip-sacks and fled to other lands, leaving behind them a good imitation of a solitude, where lately had been a buzzing and populous hive of men.

Adelaide was indeed almost empty; its population had fallen to 3,000. During two years or more the death-trance continued. Prospect of revival there was none; hope of it ceased. Then, as suddenly as the paralysis had come, came the resurrection from it. Those astonishingly rich copper mines were discovered, and the corpse got up and danced.

The wool production began to grow; grain-raising followed—followed so vigorously, too, that four or five years after the copper discovery, this little colony, which had had to import its breadstuffs formerly, and pay hard prices for them—once $50 a barrel for flour—had become an exporter of grain. The prosperities continued. After many years Providence, desiring to show especial regard for New South Wales and exhibit a loving interest in its welfare which should certify to all


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Rh broom—importations from England—and a gentleman who came into our compartment on a visit tried to tell me which was which; but as he didn't know, he had difficulty. He said he was ashamed of his ignorance, but that he had never been confronted with the question before during the fifty years and more that he had spent in Australia, and so he had never happened to get interested in the matter. But there was no need to be ashamed. The most of us have his defect. We take a natural interest in novelties, but it is against nature to take an interest in familiar things. The gorse and the broom were a fine accent in the landscape. Here and there they burst out in sudden conflagrations of vivid yellow against a background of sober or sombre color, with a so startling effect as to make a body catch his breath with the happy surprise of it. And then there was the wattle, a native bush or tree, an inspiring cloud of sumptuous yellow bloom. It is a favorite with the Australians, and has a fine fragrance, a quality usually wanting in Australian blossoms.

The gentleman who enriched me with the poverty of his information about the gorse and the broom told me that he came out from England a youth of twenty and entered the Province of South Australia with thirty-six shillings in his pocket—an adventurer without trade, profession, or friends, but with a clearly-defined purpose in his head: he would stay until he was worth £200, then go back home. He would allow himself five years for the accumulation of this fortune.

"That was more than fifty years ago," said he. "And here I am, yet."

As he went out at the door he met a friend, and turned and introduced him to me, and the friend and I had a talk and a smoke. I spoke of the previous conversation and said there was something very pathetic about this half century of exile, and that I wished the £200 scheme had succeeded.


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 CHAPTER XVIII.

HE train was now exploring a beautiful hill country, and went twisting in and out through lovely little green valleys. There were several varieties of gum-trees; among them many giants. Some of them were bodied and barked like the sycamore; some were of fantastic aspect, and reminded one of the quaint apple trees in Japanese pictures. And there was one peculiarly beautiful tree whose name and breed I did not know. The foliage seemed to consist of big bunches of pine-spines, the lower half of each bunch a rich brown or old-gold color, the upper half a most vivid and strenuous and shouting green, The effect was altogether bewitching. The tree was apparently rare. I should say that the first and last samples of it seen by us were not more than half an hour apart. There was another tree of striking aspect, a kind of pins, Ave were told. Its foliage was as line as hair, apparently, and its mass sphered itself above the naked straight stem like an explosion of misty smoke. It was not a sociable sort; it did not gather in groups or couples, but each individual stood far away from its nearest neighbor. It scattered itself in this spacious and exclusive fashion about the slopes of swelling grassy great knolls, and stood in the full flood of the wonderful sunshine; and as far as you could see the tree itself you could also see the ink-black blot of its shadow on the shining green carpet at its feet.

On some part of this railway journey we saw gorse and (176)


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Rh opossum, but knows in some way or other whether the marks were made to-day or yesterday.

And there is the case, on record, where A., a settler, makes a bet with B., that B. may lose a cow as effectually as he can, and A. will produce an aboriginal who will find her. B. selects a cow and lets the tracker see the cow's footprint, then be put under guard. B. then drives the cow a few miles over a course which drifts in all directions, and frequently doubles back upon itself; and he selects difficult ground all the time, and once or twice even drives the cow through herds of other cows, and mingles her tracks in the wide confusion of theirs. He finally brings his cow home; the aboriginal is set at liberty, and at once moves around in a great circle, examining all cow-tracks until he finds the one he is after; then sets off and follows it throughout its erratic course, and ultimately tracks it to the stable where B. has hidden the cow. Now wherein does one cow-track differ from another? There must be a difference, or the tracker could not have performed the feat; a difference minute, shadowy, and not detectible by you or me, or by the late Sherlock Holmes, and yet discernible by a member of a race charged by some people with occupying the bottom place in the gradations of human intelligence.