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Rh which is the Caue, that many of their Words cannot be pelt according to their manner of pronouncing them. For the ret, their Expreions are very natural and eay, and their Contructions o neat and regular, that one would hardly expect o much from a Nation o unpolite and illiterate. The Language is very rich of Words and Sene, and of uch Energy, that one is often at a los and puzzled, to render it in Danih; but then again it wants Words to expres uch Things as are foreign, and not in Ue among them. They have Monoyllables and Polyyllables, but mot of the lat. Their Words, as well Nouns as Verbs, are inflected at the End, by varying the Terminations, without the Help of the Articles or Particles, like the Greek and Latin. The Adjectives always follow their Subtantives; but the Poeive Pronouns are joined to the Nouns, as the Hebrew Suffixa : Nor have the Nouns alone their Suffixa, but the Verbs alo. To atisfy the Reader's Curioity, I have hereto joined a Lit of ome of the Words, and in a Sketch hew the Contruction and Inflections of this Language. Rh


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] and whenever they got a mile from their own villages they were in the land of the Apache—in search of animal food, roots, berries, and especially the edible agaves.

At other times the very abundance of water proved disastrous; floods destroyed the canals and swept away the crops. As early as 1697 Padre Kino reported that owing to the fields having been overflowed the Pimas could offer him no pinole, but gave mesquite meal instead. The resort to uncultivated products such as their Papago

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68 cousins to the southward wholly subsisted upon did not prevent the Pimas from attaining proficiency in agriculture, as will be seen later, and it must many times have preserved them from total extinction. With what success they sought for edible plants may be judged from the subjoined list, which is believed to be fairly complete. It contains 22 plants of which the stems, leaves, or flowers were eaten, 4 that furnished roots or bulbs, 24 with seeds or nuts, and 15 that supplied fruits or berries. And this in a region that appears to the casual visitor to be a desert: with but a few thorny shrubs and but one tree that he would deem worthy of the name.

Very few articles of Pima diet are eaten raw, and many of them are of such a nature as to necessitate thorough cooking; thus the agave and the fruit of some of the cacti are baked for many hours. It may be well, therefore, to describe the methods, so far as they could be ascertained, of preparing the various plants for use. The art of cooking is not well developed among these people; no such elaborate preparations as Mr Cushing found at Zuñi tempt the Pima palate.

In the olden time maize was ground upon the flat metates and formed into loaves, which must have been "sad" indeed, to judge from their modern counterparts. With the advent of the whites came the introduction of a new and quickly accepted cereal, wheat; and the bread made from it also, without leavening agent, is heavy and indigestible. One loaf was obtained (pl., a), said to be a comparatively small one, that weighed 14 pounds and yet was only 3 inches thick and 20 inches in diameter. No knowledge of the pueblo wafer breads exists among the Pimas, who confine their treatment of mesquite, corn, wheat, and other flour to baking as tortillas or as loaves in the ashes, frying in suet, or boiling, either in water to form a gruel or mush, or with other foods in the shape of dumplings.

A large part of the cereal food of the Pimas is parched before it is ground.

The process of parching on, or rather among, the coals is dexterously carried out. The coals are raked into the parching pan (pl., a) and after the grain has been thrown upon them it is given a series of tosses with a quarter-turn to each which redistributes the light but bulky coals and the heavier grain. A frequent puff of breath carries away the quickly gathering flakes of ashes. The contents of the pan are separated by a few short jerks that carry the coals in a mass to the edge of the dish, whence the larger particles are seraped off and the smaller blown out. Another method of parching seeds is to place over the fire an olla that has been broken so that at least one side is wanting, thus admitting the hand to stir the contents as they are browned.

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] Meat is roasted on the coals, a favorite method of cooking dried meat or that of small rodents, or it is boiled until well done. In the latter method, according to one informant, it is put on the fire in cold water. The broth is then thrown away lest it cause consumption. A coarse-grained flour is sometimes boiled with the meat to make what a Canadian voyageur would term rubabu.

Occasionally a housewife will be met with among the Pimas who is scrupulously neat and clean in cooking and in the care of the home. Most of the women, however, carry traces of dried dough on their fingers from week's end to week's end, and the cooking vessels know no cleansing except the scraping that seeks the last particle of food that may cling to them, the rasping tongue of the starving dog, or the hasty slopping of a little cold water into them just before using again. The evil effects of slovenliness are reduced, however, by the peculiar conditions, such as the dry air, which saps the moisture from all organic matter, even in the shade; the outdoor cooking place exposed to a sun that withers all germs; and the habit of eating all the food prepared for each meal, which includes the rule of etiquette prescribing that one must eat all that is set before him.

The kitchen is an arrow-bush inclosure, about 4 or 5 meters in diameter (pl., b), containing its set of half a dozen pottery vessels. In the center are the three stones on which the cooking pot rests. Such an inclosure is quite common at the present day, though many have adoped the oval fireplaces of adobe (pl., c), some obtain iron kettle stands from the agency blacksmith, and a few (chiefly those who live in adobe houses) are using modern stoves.

Âʼnûk iʼavak, Atriplex bracteosa var.; A. coronata Wats.; A. elegans Dietrich. These saltbushes, with a few others as yet unidentified, are sometimes boiled with other food because of their salty flavor. They are cooked in pits with the fruit of the cactus, Opuntia arborescens, the method of roasting them being described below. The young shoots of some of them are crisp and tender. Commonly known as "sagebrush," these saltbushes are among the most abundant plants in that region. There are both herbaccous and woody species, the former being eaten by stock and the latter being useful for fuel.

Aʼopa hiʼâsĭk, Populus deltoides Marsh. The cottonwood occurs in a thin fringe, with here and there a grove along the Gila and Salt rivers. In February and March the women send some of the barefoot boys into the tree tops to throw down the catkins, which are then gathered in baskets and carried home to be eaten raw by stripping them off the stem between the teeth.

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166 {| class="vocabulary-table" Sin-
 * - class="vocab-title"
 * colspan=4|Vocabulary.
 * - class="vocab-header"
 * Singular.||||Dual.||Plural.
 * Innuk, Mankind,||||Innuk,||Innuit.
 * Angut, a Man,||||Angutik,||Angutit.
 * Arnak, a Woman,||||Arnek,||Arnet.
 * Niakok, the Head.||||Niakuk,||Niakut.
 * Ire, an Eye,||||Irik,||Irit.
 * Kingak, the Noe,||||Kingek,||Kinget.
 * Kinak, the Face,||||Kinek,||Kinet.
 * Kannek, Mouth,||||Kannek,||Kangit.
 * Okak, Tongue,||||Okek,||Oket.
 * Kiut, a Tooth,||||Kiutik,||Kiutit.
 * Kartlo, a Lip,||||Kartluk,||Kartluit.
 * Suit, an Ear,||||Siutik,||Siutit.
 * Nyak, Head of Hair,||||Nytkiek,||Nytkiet.
 * Sækik, the Breat,||||Sækkirek,||Sækkiret.
 * Iviange, Bubby,||||Iviangik,||Iviangit.
 * Tue, Shoulder,||||Tubik,||Tubit.
 * Tellek, Arm,||||Tellik,||Tellit.
 * Ikuik, Elbow,||||Ikivtik,||Ikivtit.
 * colspan=4|Arkeit, Hand (that is the Fingers) is Plural only.
 * Tikek, Finger,||||Tikik,||Tirkerit.
 * Kukik, Nail,||||Kukik,||Kuket.
 * Nak, Belly,||||Nerek,||Neret.
 * Innelo, Bowel,||||Inneluk,||Inneluit.
 * Okpet, the Thigh,||||Okpetik,||Okpetit.
 * }
 * Nyak, Head of Hair,||||Nytkiek,||Nytkiet.
 * Sækik, the Breat,||||Sækkirek,||Sækkiret.
 * Iviange, Bubby,||||Iviangik,||Iviangit.
 * Tue, Shoulder,||||Tubik,||Tubit.
 * Tellek, Arm,||||Tellik,||Tellit.
 * Ikuik, Elbow,||||Ikivtik,||Ikivtit.
 * colspan=4|Arkeit, Hand (that is the Fingers) is Plural only.
 * Tikek, Finger,||||Tikik,||Tirkerit.
 * Kukik, Nail,||||Kukik,||Kuket.
 * Nak, Belly,||||Nerek,||Neret.
 * Innelo, Bowel,||||Inneluk,||Inneluit.
 * Okpet, the Thigh,||||Okpetik,||Okpetit.
 * }
 * Tikek, Finger,||||Tikik,||Tirkerit.
 * Kukik, Nail,||||Kukik,||Kuket.
 * Nak, Belly,||||Nerek,||Neret.
 * Innelo, Bowel,||||Inneluk,||Inneluit.
 * Okpet, the Thigh,||||Okpetik,||Okpetit.
 * }
 * Innelo, Bowel,||||Inneluk,||Inneluit.
 * Okpet, the Thigh,||||Okpetik,||Okpetit.
 * }
 * Okpet, the Thigh,||||Okpetik,||Okpetit.
 * }


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70 Aot, Agave americana Linn. (possibly a few related species also). Mescal was gathered in times of famine, and it would have been much more extensively used had it not been for the danger from "the enemy," the Apaches, that attended even the shortest journey away from the villages. The plant has ever been a favorite, not only among the Pimas but also with the Papagos, the Apaches, and a score of other tribes. The first day's work after reaching the hills where this plant grows was to seek suitable wood and make digging sticks. Then the men gathered the mescal heads by prying them out with the sticks, and trimmed off the leaves with a knife, leaving one or two, so that the heads might be tied in pairs and slung on a rope for carrying. Thin-leaved specimens were rejected, inasmuch as they not only contain little nourishment, but blister the mouth when eaten. While the men were bringing in the mescal, the women gathered wood for fuel. Pits were dug, and after the fire built in them had died down small stones were placed on the coals. The mescal was then placed on the stones and the whole covered with earth. When it had roasted for twenty-four hours, a small opening was made in the pit and its contents examined; if the cooking was not yet complete, the opening was closed and the pit left undisturbed twelve hours longer. If the roasting was not done when the pit was first opened, it was believed that the incontinence of some members of the party was the cause. The heads of the fruit were opened by removing the envelope on one side; the center was cut out and dried in the sun, when it was ready for use or for storing away.

Mescal is now obtained from the Papagos. It is eaten by chewing until the juice is extracted and rejecting the fiber. It is used alone or together with pinole. Sirup is extracted from the prepared mescal by boiling until the juice is removed, which is then thickened by prolonged boiling until it becomes a black sirup, somewhat similar to sorghum. It is inferior to saguaro sirup.

Âʼpăn, Monolepis chenopoides. The roots are washed, boiled in an olla, and cooled in a basket. The water is squeezed out, and they are again put into the olla with a little fat or lard and salt. After cooking for a few moments they are ready to serve with tortillas. This plant is also used in a similar manner by the Mexicans, who are supposed to have learned its value from the natives. The seeds are boiled, partially dried, parched, ground on the metate, and eaten as pinole.

Aʼtaftak, Cucurbita fœtidissima H.B.K. The seeds of this wild gourd are roasted and eaten.

Eʼikâfĭ. The root of this small plant is gathered, boiled, and eaten without peeling.

Haitʼʽkam, Olneya tesota. The nuts of the ironwood tree (pl., a) are parched in an olla, or, what is more usual, the broken half of one,

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] and eaten without further preparation. The tree grows on the mesas on all sides of the villages, where it is very conspicuous for a few days in May, when it is covered with a mass of purple flowers.

Hâʼkowat, Phoradendron californicum. The berries of the mistletoe that grows on the mesquite are gathered and boiled without stripping from the stem. They are taken in the fingers, and the berries stripped off into the mouth as eaten. Various species of mistletoe are very abundant on the trees along the Gila, but this one only is eaten.

Halt, Cucurbita pepo Linn. The common species of pumpkin grown by the Pimas, as well as by the whites and Mexicans, is cut in strips and dried, when it is known by a number of different names, according to the manner of cutting and the particular variety. This species includes the pumpkins proper, the bush scallop squashes, the summer crook-necks, and the white or yellow warty squashes. The club-shaped, pear-shaped, or long-cylindrical smooth squash is Cucurbita moschata Duchesne. It is extensively grown by the Pimas. The seeds of the pumpkin ere parched and eaten. When the dried pumpkin is used, it is softened in water and boiled.

Haʼnûm, Opuntia arborescens. The fruit of this cactus (pl., a) is gathered with an instrument that resembles an enlarged wooden clothespin. It is collected in large quantities and carried home in the kiâhâ, or carrying basket. A pit is dug and a fire built in it, on which stones are heated. As the fire dies down the stones are removed and a layer of the saltbush, Suæda arborescens, is placed over the coals; above this is placed a layer of cactus fruit, then hot stones, and so alternately to the top, over which a thick layer of saltbush is laid with earth outside. The pit is left undisturbed over one night, then its contents are spread out, dried, and the fruit stirred with a stick until the thorns are rubbed off, whereupon it is ready to store away for future use. In its final preparation it must be boiled. It is then salted and eaten with pinole, The acid flavor is usually relieved by the addition of various plants cooked as greens.

Haʼrsany, Cereus giganteus Engelm. The fruit of the giant cactus, or, as it is more generally known in the Southwest, the saguaro (pls., b, and , c, d), is gathered in June, and so important is the harvest that the event marks the beginning of the new year in the Pima calendar. The supply is a large one and only industry is required to make it available throughout the entire year, as both the seeds and the dried fruit may be preserved. Seeds that have passed through the body are sometimes gathered from the dried feces, washed, and treated as those obtained directly from the fruit, though there would seem to be some special value ascribed to them as in the case of the "second harvest" of the Seri.

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 where the early Christians had met secretly to escape persecution. Occasionally an object that dated back to the Republic was seen, but the majority were identified in some way with the period of Rome’s downfall when attacked by the tribes from the north.

"Have you any relic of the time of Vespasian or Titus?" asked Clayton, coming at last to the subject that was nearest his heart.

"Titus—Titus," repeated the foreigner as if trying to recall some long-forgotten fact. "Wait, I see."

He vanished through a rear door, but reappeared some minutes later bearing in his arms a miniature restoration of the famous Arch of Titus which had been erected in honor of the Roman conquest of Jerusalem in 70 A. D. This facsimile was two feet at its greatest length, and the other dimensions were proportional.

We were delighted with our find, but feigned indifference. I perceived, though, that it was all Lee could do to keep his hands off it.

"What price do you ask?" I inquired casually.

"Twenty-five dollar," answered the Italian promptly.

"Nothing doing," I replied, turning toward the door, "I'll give you five for it."

"Oh,—but, signor, I have four bambini. I must make a living," he pleaded with characteristic Italian pathos.

"I'll give you ten," said Clayton somewhat harshly.

The sale was eventually consummated at the sixteen-dollar figure, and we bore our trophy away with exultation.

Back in the hotel and safely ensconced in Lee Clayton's rooms we studied the little arch minutely. It was a very perfect reproduction in Pentelic marble like the original, and showed a faithfulness to detail that was nothing short of marvelous. There were the faces in bas-relief of Titus the son of the emperor Vespasian, a number of triumphant Roman warriors, a line of Jews in bondage, and a reproduction of the seven golden candlesticks which had been seized from the Holy of Holies when the temple at Jerusalem was plundered. The chiseling of the faces was unique, each one displaying its characteristic individuality.

"Do you notice," I observed, "that the sculptor has differentiated between the Jews and the Romans? The facial characteristics of each race are quite in evidence."

"Yes—only—hold on a minute, Ebson!" cried Lee in excitement. "He's made one error. Unless I'm very much mistaken he's got a Jew among the victorious Romans!"

"To be sure!" I exclaimed, my excitement equaling his own. "That figure near the middle certainly belongs to the conquered race. But there were Jews who were Roman citizens," I added; "and the chances are they were even more numerous in 70 than in 40 A. D."

"That is very true," Lee answered a little abstractedly, I thought, "but it is very poor taste for the artist to be so realistic in a symbolic creation where comparatively few figures are represented. I think he showed decidedly bad judgment—unless," he added, "the Jew in question was a man of considerable importance."

"That explanation sounds plausible to me," I said. "The torchbearer is undoubtedly a man of fame whose portrait is indispensable to an accurate depiction of the triumphal entry into Rome."

Night and a full moon shedding its ethereal light across the eternal city prove a combination irresistible to lovers of beauty and romance.


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Rh

This ame Noun's Countruction with the Suffixas at Prepoitions, mik and nik, mit and nit, which ignifies from; mut and nut, to; me and ne, on or upon, is thus performed.

Rh


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168 As to the Verbs, they are either imple or compounded: There are five Conjugations, to which may be added a ixth of Negative Verbs. There are three Tenes in all, the Preent, Preterit and Future; and ix Moods, viz. Indicative, Interrogative, Imperative, Permiive, Conjunctive, and Infinitive.

The Examples of the imple Verbs are thee. The firt Conjugation ends in kpok, as Ermikpok, he wahes himelf: Aglekpok, he writes.

The econd ends in rpok; as, Mattarpok he undrees himelf. Aularpok, he ets out on a Journey. Ajokarorpok, he teaches. The third Conjugation ends in pokpurum: That is, in pok preceded by a Vowel; as Egipok, he throws away. Inginok, he its down. Akpapok, he runs.

The fourth ends in ok, or vok; as, Pyok, he receives. Aglyok, he grows. Aavok, he loves.

The fifth Conjugation ends in au; as, Irigau, he ogles. Arigau, he reembles. Angekau, he is tall. The


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72 The fruit is eaten without preparation when it ripens. It is of a crimson color and contains many black seeds about the size of those of the fig, which fruit it resembles in taste. By a process of boiling and fermentation an intoxicating liquor is obtained from the fresh fruit which has been more highly esteemed than the nutritious food and has rendered this new-year a season of debauchery. "I arrived at the Pimas Gileños, accompanied by the governor of the Coco-Maricopas. There was great rejoicement, for there had spread thus far the report that they (the Moquis) had me killed. The governor of the Pimas told me that all the relatives were well content, and wishing to make a feast, all the pueblos together. I agreed to this, but on condition that it should be apart from me, foreseeing in this what would come to pass. In a little while I heard that they were singing 'a heap' (de monion); this was stopped presently, but was followed by a great uproar of discordant voices, and shouting, in which they said, 'We are good! We are happy! We know God! We are the fellows to fight the Apaches! We are glad the old man (as they call me) has come, and not been killed!' Thia extravagant shouting (exorbitante griteria), a thing foreign to the seriousness of the Pimas, I knew came from drinking, which produced various effects. Some came and took me by the hand, saluting me. One said, 'I am padre de Pedro.' Another said to me, 'Thou hast to baptize a child.' Another, 'This is thy home—betake not thyself to see the king, nor to Tucson.' Others made the sign of the cross, partly in Spanish, so that though I felt very angry at such general drunkenneas, there did not fail me some gusto to hear the good expressions into which they burst, even when deprived of reason. The next day I complained of these excesses to the governor, who told me that it only happened a few times and in the season of saguaro, and adding that it made his people vomit yellow and kept them in good health. What most pleased me was to see that no woman got drunk; instead of which saw many of them leading by the bridle the horse upon which her husband was mounted, gathering up at the same time the clothes and beads that the men scattered about, in order that none should be lost." (Garcés's Diary, 438.) "The three pitahaya months," says Father Salva-Tierra [describing the saguaro harvest in California], "resemble the carnival in some parts of Europe, when the men are in great measure stupified or mad. The natives here also throw aside what reason they have, giving themselves up to feastings, dancings, entertainments of the neighboring rancherias, buffooneries, and comedies, such as they are; and in these, whole nights are spent to the high diversion of the audience. The actors are selected for their talent of imitation; and they execute their parts admirably well." (Venegas, History of California,, 82.) "The gathering of this fruit may be considered as the harvest of the native inhabitants. They can eat es much of it as they please, and with some this food agrees so well that they become corpulent during that period, and for this reason I was sometimes unable to recognize at first sight individuals otherwise perfectly familiar to me, who visited me after having fed three or four weeks on these pitahayas." (Jacob Baegert, The Aboriginal Inhabitants of the Californian Peninsula, in Smithsonian Report, 1863, 363.)

The fruit is dried and preserved in balls 15 or more centimeters in diameter (fig. 3). From either the fresh or dried fruit sirup is extracted by boiling it "all day." The residue is ground on the metate into an oily paste which is eaten without further preparation. The seeds may be separated from the pulp at the time of drying the fruit and may be eaten raw or ground on the the metate and treated as any meal—put into water to form a pinole or combined with other meal to bake into bread.

Haʼvalt, Yucca bacatta. The fruit is boiled, dried, ground on the mealing-stone, and boiled with flour. It is also eaten raw as a cathartic. The stems are reduced to pulp and used as soap. Y. elata is also used as soap.

Hoʽny, Zea Mays. Corn, the most important crop of the Pueblo tribes, has, in recent years at least, been of less value to the Pimas than wheat. The numerous varieties are all prepared in about the same manner. As the husked corn is brought in by the women, it is piled on a thin layer of brush and roasted by burning the latter, after which it is cut from the cob, dried, and stored away for future use.

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 Rh The Great Novelist seemed to note our dejection.

“Come to the house,” he said, “my wife will give you a cup of tea.”

In a few moments we had forgotten all our troubles in the presence of one of the most charming chatelaines it has been our lot to meet.

We sat on a low stool immediately beside Ethelinda Afterthought, who presided in her own gracious fashion over the tea-urn.

“So you want to know something of my methods of work?” she said, as she poured hot tea over our leg.

“We do,” we answered, taking out our little book and recovering something of our enthusiasm. We do not mind hot tea being poured over us if people treat us as a human being.

“Can you indicate,” we continued, “what method you follow in beginning one of your novels?”

“I always begin,” said Ethelinda Afterthought, “with a study.”

“A study?” we queried.

“Yes. I mean a study of actual facts. Take, for example, my Leaves from the Life of a Steam Laundrywoman—more tea?”

“No, no,” we said.

“Well, to make that book I first worked two years in a laundry.”

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 Rh “Two years!” we exclaimed. “And why?”

“To get the atmosphere.”

“The steam?” we questioned.

“Oh, no,” said Mrs. Afterthought, “I did that separately. I took a course in steam at a technical school.”

“Is it possible?” we said, our heart beginning to sink again. “Was all that necessary?”

“I don’t see how one could do it otherwise. The story opens, as no doubt you remember—tea?—in the boiler room of the laundry.”

“Yes,” we said, moving our leg—“no, thank you.”

“So you see the only possible point d’appui was to begin with a description of the inside of the boiler.”

We nodded.

“A masterly thing,” we said.

“My wife,” interrupted the Great Novelist, who was sitting with the head of a huge Danish hound in his lap, sharing his buttered toast with the dog while he adjusted a set of trout flies, “is a great worker.”

“Do you always work on that method?” we asked.

“Always,” she answered. “For Frederica of the Factory I spent six months in a knitting mill. For Marguerite of the Mud Flats I made special studies for months and months.”

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 Rh “Of what sort?” we asked.

“In mud. Learning to model it. You see for a story of that sort the first thing needed is a thorough knowledge of mud—all kinds of it.”

“And what are you doing next?” we inquired.

“My next book,” said the Lady Novelist, “is to be a study—tea?—of the pickle industry—perfectly new ground.”

“A fascinating field,” we murmured.

“And quite new. Several of our writers have done the slaughter-house, and in England a good deal has been done in jam. But so far no one has done pickles. I should like, if I could,” added Ethelinda Afterthought, with the graceful modesty that is characteristic of her, “to make it the first of a series of pickle novels, showing, don’t you know, the whole pickle district, and perhaps following a family of pickle workers for four or five generations.”

“Four or five!” we said enthusiastically. “Make it ten! And have you any plan for work beyond that?”

“Oh, yes indeed,” laughed the Lady Novelist. “I am always planning ahead. What I want to do after that is a study of the inside of a penitentiary.”

“Of the inside?” we said, with a shudder.

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Rh The ixth Conjugation of negative Verbs ends in ngilak; as, Ermingilak, he does not wah himelf. Mattengilak, he does not undres himelf; Pingilak, he receives not; Egingilak, he throws not away; Irigingilak, he ogles not.


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 into his possession and from those in the possession of his friends, he selected eighty-two. Of these he gives pictures, executed with great care in colours and accompanied by descriptions which, though they leave much to be desired, are nevertheless of the greatest value for the sake of both the confirmatory and the original information they afford.

Under the Sung dynasty (960-1260) the principal wares manufactured were seven in number, namely, Ting-yao, Kuan-yao, Kao-yao Lung-chuan-yaoKao-yao, Lung-chuan-yao, [sic] Ju-yao, Chün-yao, and Chien-yao.

The Ting-yao was first manufactured at a place called Ting-chou, in the northern province of Pechili. There is some uncertainty as to the exact date of its origin. According to the pharmacopeia of the Tang dynasty, as quoted by Dr. Hirth, a powder prepared from white keramic ware of Ting-chou was used for medicinal purposes as far back as the seventh century, and it has already been seen that during the Tang dynasty Pechili produced two varieties of white ware called Hing-yao and Tsin-yao. It is possible that confusion may have existed between products presenting so many points of resemblance. At all events, it was not till the Sung period that the Ting-yao of Pechili came into note. It was then a fine stone-ware or semi-porcelain, having light grey pâte. There were three principal varieties of glaze, viz., white, grape colour (purplish), and black. Of these the white was the most important. A work on antiquarian subjects, published in 1387, says:—"Old Ting porcelain is valuable if the paste is fine and the colour white and brilliant. Low qualities are coarse and of a yellowish colour. If it has marks as of tears: they may be taken as evidence of genuineness. Speci-


text: Page:Works of Plato his first fifty-five dialogues (Taylor 1804) (Vol 5 of 5) (IA Vol5worksofplato00plat).pdf/108


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170 And


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appears a point of some mystery to the present writer that Bernard Shaw should have been so long unrecognised and almost in beggary. I should have thought his talent was of the ringing and arresting sort; such as even editors and publishers would have sense enough to seize. Yet it is quite certain that he almost starved in London for many years, writing occasional columns for an advertisement or words for a picture. And it is equally certain (it is proved by twenty anecdotes, but no one who knows Shaw needs any anecdotes to prove it) that in those days of desperation he again and again threw up chances and flung back good bargains which did not suit his unique and erratic sense of honour. The fame of having first offered Shaw to the public upon a platform worthy of him belongs, like many other public services, to Mr. William Archer.

I say it seems odd that such a writer should not be appreciated in a flash; but upon this point there is evidently a real difference of opinion, and it constitutes for me the strangest


text:
Author:Charles William Shepherd

Works

 * The North-West Peninsula of Iceland (1867)

title: Author:Charles William Shepherd


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The soldiers necessary to guard the city of Manila, and the redoubts, galleys, forts of Cagayan and Çebu, and presidios erected against the Zambales:


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With this number this kingdom would have some assurance of security, both from the natives and from surrounding peoples. It should be taken for granted that reënforcements be sent each year to maintain this number; for, because of the unhealthfulness of this country, many are constantly dying.

[Endorsed: "Troops necessary in those Philippinas Islands."]


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Gomez Perez Dasmarinas, knight of the order of Sa[n]ctiago, governor and captain-general of Luson: For the king of Castilla, my sovereign, I wish you health and prosperity. I received the embassy and letter of the king of Camboja with great happiness; with these, as well as with the elephant and the friendship that you send me, I am greatly pleased—as also with the inclination that you manifest for the service and devotion of the king, my sovereign. I shall inform the latter of this, and it will be esteemed highly. I have grieved sorely over the wars and hostilities between the kings of Camboja and Sian; for I would much prefer that perfect harmony, accord, and peace should reign between two such kings and neighbors (both of whom are our friends), for without it is neither advantage nor happiness. I would grant the king of Camboja the aid and reënforcement


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 that he begs against the king of Sian, but that king would marvel at it. He is also a servant of mine, and our friend. Therefore I wish to know the cause and grounds for these animosities, and the justice and reason on either side, for thus can I come to a just decision. In the meanwhile, since the result of wars (even when they are victorious ones), is for the most part ruin, death, destruction, and depopulation of kingdoms and vassals; and my good will and affection toward the king of Camboja binds me to desire to see him freed from these difficulties and this uneasiness, so that he may live tranquilly, and that we may have intercourse and friendship, and that commerce and harmony may increase among all of us everywhere, to the common advantage of all—I have tried to provide the easiest and best method. This is for me to become arbitrator, in order to try to adjust these differences. Therefore I have written a letter and sent an ambassador to the king of Sian, without informing him that the king of Camboja is in need of aid and has begged it from me, and I think that he will accept. If so just a cause should fail, then your and my cause is more reasonable and justifiable, in order to do what you beg of me. In any event, you can be certain of my being a friend to the king of Camboja—as your ambassador, who is returning well-treated and happy, will tell you in greater detail. Let us consult and discuss over the road already opened. Those of Camboja will always receive the same hospitable treatment as in their own land. I am sending you some emeralds, and a horse, which is an excellent animal, in token of affection, besides some hunting dogs, for Belosso told me that they were much esteemed in Camboja. Because of


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 the lack of certain Spanish curiosities, I am not sending such; but I shall procure them for another time. If another rose diamond from this country would be acceptable, I shall be very glad to give it to you. To fulfil more completely our friendship, I am sending you the copy of the letter that I wrote to the king of Sian. May God preserve and prosper you. From Manila, September 27, in the year 1593 since our Lord Jesus Christ's birth.

[Endorsed: 1594. Copy of a letter to the king of Camboja from Governor Gomez Perez."]


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List of the villages reduced to the service of his Majesty, and the names of the chiefs who have made peace, since Captain Ffernando de Berramontano went to those provinces as chief and leader of the troops, at the order of Gomez Perez Dasmarinas, governor and captain-general of these Philipinas Islands.

 * Potol and its allies—chiefs, Atano, Anguilo, and Ffucao.
 * Village of Cataguram—chief, Manipas.
 * Village and river of Tulaque—chief, Apavao.
 * Village and river of Massi—chief, Seriban.
 * Village of Gatara—chief, Lipagam.
 * Valley of Sinabanga—chief, Amangapa.
 * River of Bangal—chief, mother of Sseriban.
 * River of Pata—chiefs, Amanbacay and Manipaz.
 * River of Cabrasinga—chiefs, Lumboy and Ffucman.
 * River of Maguin—chief, Seriban.
 * Estuary of Bacto—chief, Sivican.
 * Bulay—chief, Macapito.
 * Village of Magamon—chiefs, Higoran and Maramossi.
 * Village of Higuy—chief, Hivigan.
 * Village of Carlanga—chiefs, Maguigal and Agarrao.
 * Village of Linga—chief, Palatao.


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 *Village of Lobo—chief, Dalapiao.
 * Village of Arangay—chief, Abugam.
 * Village of Pras—chief, Agarrao.
 * Village of Gumay—chief, Saguin.
 * Village of Tarugo—chief, Valigot.
 * Village of Gadu—chief, Balagua.
 * Village of Taban—chief, Baloy.
 * Village of Catabagam—chief, Banagua.
 * Village of Tapayacan—chief, Vanga.
 * River and towns of Nabunga, belonging to his Majesty—chief, Tabuga.
 * Village of Calabatan—chief, Bacu.
 * Village of Maguin—chief, Baligot.
 * Village of Malapil—chief, the same.
 * Village of Tuao—chief, the same.
 * Village of Canoran—chief, the same.
 * Village of Agat—chief, Lahizio.
 * Estuary of Malaguit and village of Sinagan—chief, Calaz.
 * Village of Doga—chief, the same.
 * Village of Cabicumga—chief, the same.
 * Village of Gabutan—chief, the same.
 * Village of Taramin—chief, the same.
 * Village of Lines—chief, the same.
 * Village of Massi—chief, the above.
 * Village of Nagugan—chief, the above.
 * Village of Gumoy—chief, the same.
 * Village of Talapa—chief, Çiroy Babalino.
 * Village of Pelitan—chief, Sibay.
 * Village of Lubutan—chief, Magalate.
 * Village of Batagua—chief, Ladaran.
 * Village of Tubigarao and its allies—chief, Lahinaman Darrey.
 * Village of Maguila—chief, Batoninam.


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 *Village of Calabatan—chief, Matalo.
 * Village of Care—chief, Alu.
 * Village of Duli—chief, Duli.
 * Village of Bolo—chiefs, Manoto and Sino.
 * Village of Masepni—chief, Seriban.
 * Village of Guinoya—chief, Sinanagua.
 * Village of Balissi—chief, Matalaguan.
 * Village of Purrao—chief, Zuaduban.
 * Village of Bual—chief, Mamagua.
 * Estuary of Nalaguan—chiefs, Tagabassi, Pasigan and Sima.
 * Village of Carrima—chief, Urragam.
 * Village of Taporagua—chief, Sidagay.
 * Village of Cacaguayan—chief, Zalope.
 * Village of Talamas—chief, Marratan.
 * Village of Alata—chief, Vaguigo.
 * Village of Tabagan—chief, Basugumi.
 * Village of Bugarro—chief, Pigol.
 * Estuary and villages of Dumon.
 * Durangua.
 * Tinapanga.
 * Gabemta.
 * Balogo—chief, Bengel.
 * Village of Camalayuga—chief, Litagua.
 * Village of Daludu—chief, Jseamalaza.
 * Village of Tocolana—chief, Mandarelac.
 * Province of Yugan, but lately conquered, with seven villages.
 * Villages of La Lamona and Mandaya, seven in all.
 * The chief river, named Tazo.

Camalayuga, Segovia, Tocolana, Pantao, Camanao, Gotate, Tagay, River of Maguin, Calimotan, Dumon, Durango, Tinaponga, Gabemta, Bolaryo, Balobo, Galitan, Dulaga, village of Mapanga, Lo-


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 con, Masepin, Estuary of Arolo, Pagaman, Amoran, Agopan, Estuary of Bacto, Yamaguam, Mangua, Bagan, Goran, Magano, Higuy, Batana, Cacomigan, Arrimanao, Cataessaman.

Catadar, Estuary of Maguila, Cacomigan, Cabugao, Mapapala, Boboo, Estuary of Bagam, Tubigarao, Abas, Louba, Nota, Botoan, Lulu, Lapugan, Vical, Estuary of Malagui, Nalaguam, Ungagui, Carrama, Ymaniz, Quinoyo, Marranate, Batagua, Boluye, Lulutam, Estuary of Batagua, Amiguibay, Bugarro, Bonoay, Bugao, Bungal, Alu, Alagua, Bolabic, Togote.

Cugan, Alate, Roge, Fugao, Inlet of Purrao, Bolo, Tingar, Pipin, Purrao, Dala, Bicum, Malata, Duyusan, Bacuam, Baga, Upland of Lapazada, Nabotas, River of Çimbuey, Pelitam, Alata, River Atam, Paguyamapi, Luday, Lama, Babayugom, Malin, Casiyam, Agutane, Maguilo, Parbuam, Tabussi, Capay, Minaga, Balaga, Malopi, Matudo, Loquillo, Beledeca, Cagavian, Bagu, Guto, Labu, Tongolan, Talogua, Talaona.

Gumitan, Lubutan, Ligon, Baporago, River of Baporago, Cabalaratan, Gamoy, Abazague, Passacoy, Biao, Malay, Bulagua, Plains of Llobo, Madulango, Cari, Duli, Marañon, Tapie, Nabunge, Bangal, Ulagua, Tarugo, Gadu, Ylagua, Pras, Tarro, Taban, Carlanga, Yagam, Ramoron, Pagamal, Agunge, River of Llobo, Tabagam, Pipi, Gumabi, Capayam, River of Palmarez ["palm-groves"], Malabit, Arangay, Lobor, Valley of Palmarez, Estuary of Gacare, Jataro, Talapo, Talapanze, Mandayo.

La Lamona, Potol, Sinabange, Cabunuam, Jacatay, Tocol, Alibumga, Maperi, Manaco, Paracam,


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 Duludu, Ladugo, Minalam, Batal, Batatas, Balissi, Estuary of Latupe, River of Lulaque, Simayo, Massin, River Bangal, Bangal, Pata, Cabicumga.


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Author:William Joseph Snelling

Works

 * The Polar Regions of the Western Continent Explored (1831)

title: Author:William Joseph Snelling


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To the king of Canboja:

Don Luis Perez Dasmariñas, knight of the order of Alcantara, governor and captain-general of Luzon, for the king of Castilla, my sovereign, wishes you health and prosperity.

After the governor, my father, had despatched Captain Diego Belosso, your ambassador, and had given him the enclosed letter, God our Lord, in whose hand and divine providence are life and death, was pleased to take my father to himself. I succeeded him in his duties, and in the good-will and friendship with which he was ready to aid, in every way, the desire and service of the king of Canboja. I shall continue the same in all sincerity, as the bearer of this will inform you. And as proof of this, in order that Diego Belosso may not go unaccompanied, I am sending Diego de Villanueva with this reply. He is an honored nobleman, of excellent


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 qualities; and he might be of some service and use to you there in mining matters, for he has much knowledge thereof, as well as in the working of metals. You may discuss with him what you wish, and anything pertaining to the good of your kingdom. You may credit anything that he may say and represent in my name. I shall be very glad to establish intercourse and communication between us; for the people of Canboja will ever meet, when they come here, hospitable reception and fatherly love from me. Truly I wish that I had here some Spanish curiosities to send to the king of Canboja, in token of love and friendship; but on a second journey, God pleasing, I shall be better prepared. In the meanwhile I shall inform the said king, my sovereign, of this new friendship, and of the pathway opened for trade and communication between us, which is so useful and agreeable to all, and from which I hope will result glory for our great God, and many beneficial results. The king, my sovereign, will heartily commend and favor this, and will rejoice exceedingly that it shall result in every way to your satisfaction and approval, an object which I shall forward whenever opportunity presents. May our Lord God preserve and prosper you. Manila, February 8, 1594.

Considering that the king of Canboja wishes to advance Diego de Belosso, and that he is a deserving man, I have given special orders that he should go, as he does, free from restrictions, and with satisfactory equipment.

[Endorsed: "+ 1594 +. Copy of the letter to the king of Canboja from Governor Don Luis Perez."]


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I, Hernando de los Rios, administrator of the royal hospital of this city, declare that, because of the small amount of income and alms received by the said hospital, the needs of the sick are not provided for. It is impossible to give them everything requisite for their health, inasmuch as there are many sick there, both of the ordinary troops and the mercenary soldiers, to whom his Majesty gives medicines, and for whom he supplies a physician, as he is bound to do. The same provision is made for the other poor and needy inhabitants and citizens to whom his Majesty is under obligations, as they are old soldiers and settlers who have served for many years in this country without any pay. Many of them fall sick from the great sufferings that they undergo, because of the unhealthfulness of this country, both in food and climate, and from other causes. However, these would be much more numerous, if there were no place in which to succor their necessities. As is well known, not one of the sick has (and there is not in this city) any other place where they can go except to this hospital. It is well known how much more it costs his Majesty to transport a man from Nueva España than to sustain him after having brought him here; and for the


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 common welfare of this community and its conservation, it is necessary to have men here. Hence, and since charity to the sick is so great a service to God our Lord, I beg and entreat your Lordship to be pleased to assign to the said hospital from the royal exchequer what is necessary for its efficient administration and maintenance, in consideration of the fact that the income apportioned to it is inadequate, because of its heavy expenses. If necessary, I am ready to undergo investigation, and I take oath in due form that this petition is made with no ill intent, and I beg justice.

February 16, 1594: Investigation shall be made in regard to the contents of this petition. The witnesses whom the administrator of the hospital shall present in the course of the legal verification which he has been ordered to make shall be examined in accordance with the following interrogatory.

First: Whether they are acquainted with the said hospital.

Item: Whether they know that there is no other hospital in these islands and city where the Spanish, especially the soldiers, can be treated.

Item: Whether they know that the majority of the soldiers serve for pay, and that there are, as a rule, fifty or sixty sick, or even more.

For the fourth question: Let them state whether they know that, by failing to give them the necessary attention, his Majesty would be put to greater expense and cost, and this community would suffer great harm and loss, because of the death of many, and because of the much greater expense to


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 the king, our sovereign, in transporting one soldier here than in supporting two.

Item: Let them state whether they know that, because of the small pay and the dearness of food, and because of their discomfort and their heavy toil in mounting guard and in sentinel duty, many fall sick daily and die; and that for this reason, the said hospital always contains more sick men than it can take care of.

Item: Let them state whether they know that many of the old sailors and soldiers, who have served his Majesty here, are poor and needy; that these men are useful in this country, because they are, like the others, ready for whatever occasions arise; that they have no other place to go to except the said hospital, when they become sick; and that his Majesty is under obligations to provide them with a hospital, as he has not rewarded their services.

For the seventh question: Whether they know that the hospital possesses an income of but little more than one thousand five hundred pesos, and that the gifts to it are very few.

For the eighth question: Whether they know that the said hospital needs more than six thousand pesos for its maintenance, since its expenses are high, and since there is no other food in this country that can be provided for the sick than fowls, which are valued at excessive rates—as, for instance, two reals, or two and one-half or three reals.

The ninth: Let them state whether they know that the said hospital uses many drugs from Castilla and other regions, which are very dear, because they are brought from so great a distance as those who know say.


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 For the tenth question: Let them state whether they know that the said hospital is in great need of buildings for the service of the poor, and the accommodation of the others who work in the said hospital; since it has but one corridor, where the said sick are poorly accommodated and crowded; and that therefore the said hospital needs four more buildings.

For the eleventh question: Let them state whether they know that, in addition to the things enumerated above, the said hospital has need of a very large force of attendants, as brethren and slaves, and of other services from Indian men and women, upon whom a great sum of money is necessarily spent, both in wages and food; and that they are badly accommodated, because they have no adequate house.

For question twelve: Whether they know that all the aforesaid is public and well known.

In the city of Manila, on the fifteenth day of the month of April, one thousand five hundred and ninety-four, Colonel Hernando de los Rios, steward of the Spanish hospital of this city, in answer to the contents of the petition and interrogatory above set forth, presented as witness Fray Diego Muñoz, prior of the convent of Sant Pablo de San Agustin of Manila, and commissary of the Holy Office. Oath was taken from him in verbum sacerdotis, and he promised to tell the truth. Being interrogated in accordance with the inquiry, he deposed as follows:

To the first question he answered that he knew of the royal hospital of this city of Manila from the


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 time of its establishment by Doctor Santiago de Vera. This was his answer.

Being asked the usual questions prescribed by law, he said that he was thirty-four years old and competent to be a witness.

To the second question, he answered that he knew there is no other hospital for treating Spaniards throughout these islands except that of the said city of Manila. Therefore Spaniards from all the islands, especially ordinary soldiers and mercenaries, go there for treatment. This was his answer.

To the third question he answered that he knew the number of patients in the said hospital, as he had been in it many times. He thought it contained ordinarily fifty or sixty sick soldiers. This was his answer.

To the fourth question he answered that he knew that by not giving proper attention to the sick, his Majesty would suffer greater expense and cost in being compelled to send other men in their place to this country. This will be a great expense to his Majesty, because of the high cost of transporting each of those who go to the said islands; besides, on account of the great distance of the country, and the difference of its climate from that of our España, many men die. This was his answer.

To the fifth question he answered that his reply was the same as to the preceding question.

To the sixth question he answered that besides the mercenaries and ordinary soldiers who are treated in the said royal hospital, many others are also treated—namely, sailors, and old and poor Spanish soldiers, who because they have not the means to be treated, have recourse to the said hospital. These


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HEY wandered in the depths of the wild wood, restless and in haste like beasts that are hunted, nor did they often dare to return by night to the shelter of yesterday. They ate but the flesh of wild animals. Their faces sank and grew white, their clothes ragged, for the briars tore them. They loved each other and they did not know that they suffered.

One day, as they were wandering in these high woods that had never yet been felled or ordered, they came upon the hermitage of Ogrin.

The old man limped in the sunlight under a light growth of maples near his chapel: he leant upon his crutch, and cried:


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 "Lord Tristan, hear the great oath which the Cornish men have sworn. The King has published a ban in every parish: Whosoever may seize you shall receive a hundred marks of gold for his guerdon, and all the barons have sworn to give you up alive or dead. Do penance, Tristan! God pardons the sinner who turns to repentance."

"And of what should I repent, Ogrin, my lord? Or of what crime? You that sit in judgment upon us here, do you know what cup it was we drank upon the high sea? That good, great draught inebriates us both. I would rather beg my life long and live of roots and herbs with Iseult than, lacking her, be king of a wide kingdom."

"God aid you, Lord Tristan; for you have lost both this world and the next. A man that is traitor to his lord is worthy to be torn by horses and burnt upon the faggot, and wherever his ashes


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 fall no grass shall grow and all tillage is waste, and the trees and the green things die. Lord Tristan, give back the Queen to the man who espoused her lawfully according to the laws of Rome."

"He gave her to his lepers. From these lepers I myself conquered her with my own hand; and henceforth she is altogether mine. She cannot pass from me nor I from her."

Ogrin sat down; but at his feet Iseult, her head upon the knees of that man of God, wept silently. The hermit told her and re-told her the words of his holy book, but still while she wept she shook her head, and refused the faith he offered.

"Ah me," said Ogrin then, "what comfort can one give the dead? Do penance, Tristan, for a man who lives in sin without repenting is a man quite dead."

"Oh no," said Tristan, "I live and I do no penance. We will go back into


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 the high wood which comforts and wards us all round about. Come with me, Iseult, my friend."

Iseult rose up; they held each other's hands. They passed into the high grass and the underwood: the trees hid them with their branches. They disappeared beyond the curtain of the leaves.

The summer passed and the winter came: the two lovers lived, all hidden in the hollow of a rock, and on the frozen earth the cold crisped their couch with dead leaves. In the strength of their love neither one nor the other felt these mortal things. But when the open skies had come back with the springtime, they built a hut of green branches under the great trees. Tristan had known, ever since his childhood, that art by which a man may sing the song of birds in the woods, and at his fancy, he would call as call the thrush, the blackbird and the nightingale, and all winged things; and


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 sometimes in reply very many birds would come on to the branches of his hut and sing their song full-throated in the new light.

The lovers had ceased to wander through the forest, for none of the barons ran the risk of their pursuit knowing well that Tristan would have hanged them to the branches of a tree. One day, however, one of the four traitors, Guenelon, whom God blast! drawn by the heat of the hunt, dared enter the Morois. And that morning, on the forest edge in a ravine, Gorvenal, having unsaddled his horse, had let him graze on the new grass, while far off in their hut Tristan held the Queen, and they slept. Then suddenly Gorvenal heard the cry of the pack; the hounds pursued a deer, which fell into that ravine. And far on the heath the hunter showed—and Gorvenal knew him for the man whom his master


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 hated above all. Alone, with bloody spurs, and striking his horse's mane, he galloped on; but Gorvenal watched him from ambush: he came fast, he would return more slowly. He passed and Gorvenal leapt from his ambush and seized the rein and, suddenly, remembering all the wrong that man had done, hewed him to death and carried off his head in his hands. And when the hunters found the body, as they followed, they thought Tristan came after and they fled in fear of death, and thereafter no man hunted in that wood. And far off, in the hut upon their couch of leaves, slept Tristan and the Queen.

There came Gorvenal, noiseless, the dead man's head in his hands that he might lift his master's heart at his awakening. He hung it by its hair outside the hut, and the leaves garlanded it about. Tristan woke and saw it, half hidden in the leaves, and staring


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 at him as he gazed, and he became afraid. But Gorvenal said: "Fear not, he is dead. I killed him with this sword."

Then Tristan was glad, and henceforward from that day no one dared enter the wild wood, for terror guarded it and the lovers were lords of it all: and then it was that Tristan fashioned his bow "Failnaught" which struck home always, man or beast, whatever it aimed at.

My lords, upon a summer day, when mowing is, a little after Whitsuntide, as the birds sang dawn Tristan left his hut and girt his sword on him, and took his bow "Failnaught" and went off to hunt in the wood; but before evening, great evil was to fall on him, for no lovers ever loved so much or paid their love so dear.

When Tristan came back, broken by the heat, the Queen said:


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 "Friend, where have you been?"

"Hunting a hart," he said, "that wearied me. I would lie down and sleep."

So she lay down, and he, and between them Tristan put his naked sword, and on the Queen's finger was that ring of gold with emeralds set therein, which Mark had given her on her bridal day; but her hand was so wasted that the ring hardly held. And no wind blew, and no leaves stirred, but through a crevice in the branches a sunbeam fell upon the face of Iseult, and it shone white like ice. Now a woodman found in the wood a place where the leaves were crushed, where the lovers had halted and slept, and he followed their track and found the hut, and saw them sleeping and fled off, fearing the terrible awakening of that lord. He fled to Tintagel, and going up the stairs of the palace, found the King as he


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 held his pleas in hall amid the vassals assembled.

"Friend," said the King, "what came you hither to seek in haste and breathless, like a huntsman that has followed the dogs afoot? Have you some wrong to right, or has any man driven you?"

But the woodman took him aside and said low down:

"I have seen the Queen and Tristan, and I feared and fled."

"Where saw you them?"

"In a hut in Morois, they slept side by side. Come swiftly and take your vengeance."

"Go," said the King, "and await me at the forest edge where the red cross stands, and tell no man what you have seen. You shall have gold and silver at your will."

The King had saddled his horse and girt his sword and left the city alone, and as he rode alone he minded him


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 of the night when he had seen Tristan under the great pine-tree, and Iseult with her clear face, and he thought:

"If I find them I will avenge this awful wrong."

At the foot of the red cross he came to the woodman and said:

"Go first, and lead me straight and quickly."

The dark shade of the great trees wrapt them round, and as the King followed the spy he felt his sword, and trusted it for the great blows it had struck of old; and surely had Tristan wakened, one of the two had stayed there dead. Then the woodman said:

"King, we are near."

He held the stirrup, and tied the rein to a green apple-tree, and saw in a sunlit glade the hut with its flowers and leaves. Then the King cast his cloak with its fine buckle of gold and


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 drew his sword from its sheath and said again in his heart that they or he should die. And he signed to the woodman to be gone.

He came alone into the hut, sword bare, and watched them as they lay: but he saw that they were apart, and he wondered because between them was the naked blade.

Then he said to himself: "My God, I may not kill them. For all the time they have lived together in this wood, these two lovers, yet is the sword here between them, and throughout Christendom men know that sign. Therefore I will not slay, for that would be treason and wrong, but I will do so that when they wake they may know that I found them here, asleep, and spared them and that God had pity on them both."

And still the sunbeam fell upon the white face of Iseult, and the King took


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 his ermined gloves and put them up against the crevice whence it shone.

Then in her sleep a vision came to Iseult. She seemed to be in a great wood and two lions near her fought for her, and she gave a cry and woke, and the gloves fell upon her breast; and at the cry Tristan woke, and made to seize his sword, and saw by the golden hilt that it was the King's. And the Queen saw on her finger the King's ring, and she cried:

"O, my lord, the King has found us here!"

And Tristan said:

"He has taken my sword; he was alone, but he will return, and will burn us before the people. Let us fly."

So by great marches with Gorvenal alone they fled towards Wales.


text:
Author:Sturla Þórðarson

Works

 * Íslendinga saga (c. 13th century)
 * Hákonar saga Hákonarsonar (c. 1265)
 * Magnúss saga lagabœtis (c. 1280s)

title: Author:Sturla Þórðarson


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Page:Völsunga Saga (1888).djvu/330

 .—See.

, passes and glaciers; being excursions by members of the Alpine Club (vol i., Holland (E. T.)., A tour in Iceland, summer 1861). Ed. E. S. Kennedy. Longman, London, 1862, 12mo.

(T., Bp. of Dromore).—Five pieces of Runic poetry, from the Icelandic, tr. by T. P. London, 1768, 8vo.

.—Journey to Iceland, etc.; tr. C. F. Cooper. Bentley, London, 1852, 8vo.

. Manual of Scandinavian Mythology, containing a popular account of the two Eddas. Pickering, London, 1839, 8vo.

.—See.

.—See.

.—See —See.

.—Grammar of the Icelandic or old Norse tongue, tr. G. W. Dasent. Pickering, London, 1843, 8vo.

Short method of learning  Icelandic; after R. K. R., by H. Lund (vocab. by ). Thimm, London, 1868, 12mo.

.—The Northwest peninsula of Iceland. Longmans, London, 1867, 8vo.

.—A list of English words, the etymology of which is illustrated by comparison with Icelandic. Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1876, 4to.

.—The Polar Regions ; embracing a geographical account of Iceland, etc. Hunt, Boston, 1831, 8vo.

.—The Heimskringla; or, chronicle of the kings of Norway. Tr. S. Laing. Longmans, London, 1844, 3 vols., 8vo. See also.

.—See.

.—See.

; including the Islendinga Saga of lawman Sturla Thordsson, etc, Ed. Dr. Gudbrand Vigfusson, with an introduction to the language and literature of Iceland, by G. V. and F. Y. Powell. Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1878, 2 vols., 8vo.

. Icelandic Primer, with Grammar, Notes, and Glossary. Clarendon Press, 1886, 12mo.

.—Pen and pencil sketches of Faroe and Iceland. Longman, London, 1862, 8vo.

.—Egypt and Iceland in 1874. (Iceland, pt. 2, pp, 151–282). Putnam, New York, 1874, 16mo.

(, Bp. of Wexiö).—See.

.—See.

.—The Norwegian account of Haco’s expedition against Scotland; 1263  tr. by J. Johnstone from the original Icelandic of the Flateyan and Frisian MSS. (of “Hákonarsaga Hákonarsonar” by S. Th.). Simpkin, London, 1882, 8vo.

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. Was not mine—a mistake. I am an artist, a performer. I come to make you a great, an extraordinary proposition.

. An extraordinary proposition?

. Yes. To engage me. I have references.

. And is this what you have kept me talking two hours for, showing you my theatre? Wasting my time! ''Andate al diavolo! Morte de un canc! Mais fichez moifichez-moi [sic] la paix toute de suite!'' Wasting my time! Valuable time!

. Mr. Jacob! Mr. Jacob!

. [Calling a ] Is the first part over yet?

. Just over. Don't you see the people coming out?

. Take this bottle away; bring another bottle. This time I pay myself. No go on the bill of Madame.

. Madame says she will pay for no more bottles, after that row you had yesterday.

. I pay myself. Bring another bottle. Don't talk so much. I break your head.

. Yes, sir.

. Will you look at the elephant-driver?

. He's a case.

. To add to your collection?

. Not for mine; he's too much for me.

. Ah! Tobacco, the nigger clown. I have to laugh. He looks like a monkey.

. Is that his wife?

. Yes, she's English. The funny thing is, though, they are married. They love each other, oh, so much! They have seven children.

. Blondes?


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96 I. Joshua directs them what to do, that they might persevere in religion, v. 11. Would we cleave to the Lord, and not forsake him, 1. We must always stand upon our guard, for many a precious soul is lost and ruined through carelessness; "Take heed therefore, take good heed to yourselves, to your souls, (so the word is,) that the inward man be kept clean from the pollutions of sin, and closely employed in the service of God. God has given us precious souls, with this charge, "Take good heed to them, keep them with all diligence, above all keepings." 2. What we do in religion, we must do from a principalprinciple - as per 1806 London edition [sic] of love, not by constraint or from a slavish fear of God, but of choice and with delight. "Love the Lord your God, and you will not leave him."

II. He urges God's fidelity to them as an argument why they should be faithful to him, v. 14, "I am going the way of all the earth, I am old and dying: to die, is to go a journey, a journey to our long home; it is the way of all the earth, the way that all mankind must go, sooner or later. Joshua himself, though so great and good a man, and one that could so ill be spared, cannot be exempted from this common lot. He takes notice of it here, that they might look upon these as his dying words, and regard them accordingly. Or thus, "I am dying, and leaving you, me ye have not always, but if you cleave to the Lord, he will never leave you." Or thus, "Now that I am near my end, it is proper to look back upon the years that are past; and in the review, I find, and ye yourselves know it in all your hearts, and in all your souls, by a full conviction on the clearest evidence, and the thing has made an impression upon you," (that knowledge does us good, which is seated, not in the head only, but in the heart and soul, and with which we are duly affected,) "ye know that not one thing hath failed, of all the good things which the Lord spake concerning you;" (and he speaks a great many;) see ch. 21. 45. God had promised them victory, rest, plenty, his tabernacle among them, &c. and not one thing had failed of all he had promised. "Now," said he, "has God been thus true to you? Be not you false to him." It is the apostle's argument for perseverance, Heb. 10. 23, He is faithful that has promised.

III. He gives them fair warning, what would be the fatal consequences of apostasy, v. 12, 13, 15, 16. "If you go back, know for a certainty it will be your ruin." Observe,

1. How he describes the apostasy which he warns them against. The steps of it would be, v. 12. growing intimate with idolaters, who would craftily wheedle them, and insinuate themselves into their acquaintance, now that they were become lords of the country, to serve their own ends. The next step would be intermarrying with them, drawn to it by their artifices, who would be glad to bestow their children upon these wealthy Israelites. And the consequence of that would be, v. 16. serving their gods, (which were pretended to be the ancient deities of the country,) and bowing down to them. Thus the way of sin is down-hill, and those who have fellowship with sinners, cannot avoid having fellowship with sin. This he represents, (1.) As a base and shameful desertion; "it is going back from what you have so well begun," v. 12. (2.) As a most perfidious breach of promise, v. 16. "It is a transgression of the covenant of the Lord your God, which he commanded you, and which you yourselves set your hand to." Other sins were transgressions of the law God commanded them, but this was a transgression of the covenant that he commanded them, and amounted to a breach of the relation between God and them, and a forfeiture of all the benefits of the covenant.

2. How he describes the destruction which he warns them of. He tells them, (1.) That these remainders of the Canaanites, if they should harbour them, and indulge them, and join in affinity with them, would be snares and traps to them, both to draw them to sin, (not only to idolatry, but to all immoralities, which would be the ruin, not only of their virtue, but of their wisdom and sense, their spirit and honour,) and also to draw them into foolish bargains, unprofitable projects, and all manner of inconveniences; and having thus by underhand practices decoyed them into one mischief or other, so as to gain advantages against them, they would then act more openly, and be scourges in their sides, and thorns in their eyes, would perhaps kill or drive away their cattle, burn or steal their corn, alarm or plunder their houses, and would by all ways possible be vexatious to them: for, whatever pretences of friendship they might make, a Canaanite, unless proselyted to the faith and worship of the true God, would in every age hate the very name and sight of an Israelite. See how the punishment would be made to answer the sin, nay, how the sin itself would be the punishment. (2.) That the anger of the Lord would be kindled against them. Their making leagues with the Canaanites, would not only give them the opportunity of doing them a mischief and be the fostering of snakes in their bosoms, it would likewise provoke God to become their enemy, and would kindle the fire of his displeasure against them. (3.) That all the threatenings of the word would be fulfilled, as the promises had, for the God of eternal truth is faithful to both, v. 15. "As all good things have come upon you according to the promise, so long as you have kept close to God, so all evil things will come upon you according to the threatening, if you forsake him." Moses had set before them good and evil; they had experienced the good, and were now in the enjoyment of it, and the evil would as certainly come, if they were disobedient. As God's promises are not a fool's paradise, so his threatenings are not bugbears. (4.) That it would end in the utter ruin of their church and nation, as Moses had foretold. This is three times mentioned here. Your enemies will vex you until ye perish from off this good land, v. 13. Again, "God will plague you until he have destroyed you from off this good land, v. 15. Heaven and earth will concur to root you out. So that, v. 16, ye shall perish from off the good land." It will aggravate their perdition, that the land from which they shall perish, is a good land, and a land which God himself had given them, and which therefore he would have secured to them, if they by their wickedness had not thrown themselves out of it. Thus the goodness of the heavenly Canaan, and the free and future grant God has made of it, will aggravate the misery of those that shall for ever be shut out and perish from it. Nothing will make them see how wretched they are, so much as to see how happy they might have been. Joshua thus sets before them the fatal consequences of their apostasy, that, knowing the terror of the Lord, they might be persuaded with purpose of heart to cleave to him.

CHAP. XXIV. This chapter concludes the life and reign of Joshua, in which we have, 1. The great care and pains he took to confirm the people of Israel in the true faith and worship of God, that they might, after his death, persevere therein. In order to this, he called another general assembly of the heads ofthe congregation of Israel, v. 1. and dealt with them, 1. By way of narrative, recounting the great things God had done for them and their fathers, v. 2..13. 2. By way of charge to them, in consideration thereof, to serve God, v. 14. 3. By way of treaty with them, wherein he aims to bring them, (1.) To make


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. Not so far; all like their father. My! But it's dull to-night.

. There's nobody here but women.

. [To ] Did you stop at the bank?

. I certainly did. [Making notes in a pocketbook] Let me see how we come out. With five thousand francs in Turks, if we can sell like last week, it's an investment; we clear a hundred francs.

. That's handsome.

. I might get a new dress for the act.

. What for? To throw your money away, eh, playing the clown? Don't you think you look funny unless you wear silk?

. The Russian has a new suit every night.

. Yes, and people aren't laughing at him any more on account of his clothes. An artist like you is not in the same class with that Russian. Mr. Jacob is an idiot if he pays that man six thousand francs.

. Mr. Jacob won't pay me ten thousand. Now he wants to throw me out, but the public will only laugh at Tobacco. There is only one Tobacco. So he puts the Russian in the second half as the feature, and I am down in the first for the third number. And the audience comes early to see me and they go home early so as not to see the Russian. The public are the ones who pay the artists, the managers don't pay them. An artist is not able to name his own figure.

. Mr. Jacob is a rogue. He behaves as if this were a barroom.

. Mr. Ruhu! Mr. Ruhu! Hurry up! Come quick! Nero very excited. Break the bar of his cage. No let us put on the howdah.


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May 12, 1915.

hear that the crews of the German aircraft which pay us a visit from time to time have a grievance. They complain that, if their activities lead to loss of life they are called "baby-killers," while, if they only take the life of a blackbird, they are jeered at; and it is really very difficult for them to know what to do.

The in Saxony has issued an order to the effect that the sons and daughters of alien enemies shall be expelled from all the schools in the Kingdom. This attempt to protect English children from imbibing Kultur is not the only instance we have had of the marked friendliness of the Saxons towards ourselves.

"A defeat of Great Britain," says the Vassische Zeitung, "would really be hailed as a relief by Australians and Canadians." The Germans certainly have a knack of getting hold of information before it reaches even those most intimately concerned. For example, the Canadians at Ypres, and the Australians in the Dardanelles, appear to have been appallingly ignorant of their real attitude towards the Mother Country.

"We have already, since the War began, advanced much in the world's respect and admiration," says Die Welt. Die Welt is, we imagine, the world referred to.

We like to see that even diplomats can have their little joke now and then, and the following passage from an interview with the Ex- appeals to us:—"I was in Constantinople," said, "recovering from a wound inflicted by a would-be assassin, when the War broke out. I intended to leave immediately for Egypt, but the English advised me not to hurry back, telling me that the weather was too hot for me in Cairo."

According to the wireless press "the corner-stone of the German Library, an eminent work of peace in the midst of war," was in Leipzig last week in the presence of State dignitaries and men of science and art. We suspect, however, that there are not a few citizens who are complaining that they asked for bread and received a stone.

A correspondent of the Cologne Gazette was, with other journalists, recently entertained to dinner in a French villa by the. "The party, while dining," we are told, "talked of the defects of French taste, and said that French houses were full of horrors." True, O Prince, but the French are determined to drive them out.

Which reminds us that a critic was rather brutally hard on some of the pictures at the Royal Academy when he said, "At Brulington House the horrors of war are brought home to us."

"Daily Mail."

While this gives one a good idea of the princely salaries which our contemporary must pay its correspondents, it also looks like a fragrant instance of trading with the enemy.

Persons liable to super-tax, Mr. tells us, now number 26,000. Might it not be worth while, with a view to increasing their numbers, to offer a bonus to all who join their ranks?

From The Grimsby News:—Wednesday was a beautiful, bright, sunny day, and in the afternoon we observed that Mr., the district county coroner, availed himself of these enjoyable conditions to drive out, accompanied by Mrs. , to the Riby Wold-road Farm of Mr. . Here he held an inquest... Mr. must have many pleasant drives in the spring and summer as his district embraces 91 parishes, and many of the wold villages are very beautiful, and well worth a visit." One can almost hear Mr. saying to his wife, "It's a fine day, my dear. Let's hold an inquest."

We do wish our newspapers would avoid ambiguity. The following headlines are sure to be quoted by the enemy press:—

"'TO END THE WAR SPEEDILY.

CRUELTY TO PRISONERS. Daily Mail."

The offspring of The Daily Chronicle, to the regret of many persons, suddenly lost its identity last week. As had it:—

From a Parish Magazine:—

"'Many thanks to the Revs.,, and , for their help on the Sunday after Easter, during the spring cleaning of the Priest-in-Charge.'"

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text: Report of The Inter-Governmental Committee, Malaysia/Financial provisions


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. What's the matter? Hurry up? Too damn hot! Waiter! Give him some beer. And I want some beer.

. Madame says elephants must not drink beer.

. Madame says too much so as not to pay for the beer. I pay for the beer. A bottle for me, a barrel for the elephants!

. Ruhu! Ruhu! One of the elephants has broken loose. He has smashed the bars of his cage. Two hundred francs! And the worst of it is, he won't perform.

. He will, he will perform. Poor beast! He do no harm. He is a gentle animal.

. If you don't hurry and do something to the brute

. Nero harm no one. You don't know him. I know him. Wait! He is the gentlest of the seven.

. And don't drink so much. The people see how you are, and so do the elephants.

. What do they see? I know what they see; and I know what the elephants see. I drink, oh, I drink! But I know what I drink.

. Ma andate al diavolo! Damn rascal!

. You are not angry, Mr. Jacob?

. That Hindu savage costs me twelve thousand francs besides the feed of his animals! And don't his animals feed! And the public will have none of them; seen once, seen for always. A fine piece of business! Bah! Business? People see the audience, then they see me; they say: "Ah! Mr. Jacob! Fortunate man! Theatre full, receipts enormous, le maximum tous les soirs." But they don't see behind the scenes; they don't know what artists are; they don't understand management, business


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. Oh, now, please don't be angry, Mr. Jacob! Not when I want to ask you a favor.

. Favor? Always favors!

. It's for my friend.

. Monsieur…

. I thought maybe you might let her have a pass for the season.

. Mon Dieu! A girl like her? Is it possible she can't get anybody to pay her way in?

. If it wasn't for us, there wouldn't be anybody here, Mr. Jacob.

. On the contrary, you drive decent people away, people who

. When have we had so many princes as this year? I know you will, eh, Mr. Jacob?

. Well, since she's a friend of yours. Go on into the office; but tell her to take more pains with her toilette.

. She's just got in; her trunk hasn't come yet. I'll look out for her.

. Where does your friend come from?

. From Marseilles.

. Ah! From Marseilles? Tell her not to say she's from Marseilles. It's not a recommendation.

. She don't look very Parisian either. She might be a Spaniard…

. That Spanish business has been done to death; however, anything is better than Marseilles. The thing is to have personality, to be some one; not to be just like every one else. There are so many! However, there is something in her face. She may get on, though it is difficult. But there is no reason to be discouraged. Good luck, girls! Good luck! I can't wait; I'm so busy…

. Thanks, Mr. Jacob.


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. Thanks.

. I told you it would be easy. Look! A Prince! The Prince of Suavia.

. Do you get many princes here?

. Very few—real ones.

. [To the ] Ah! Your Highness! This is a great honor to me and to my theatre. At your Highness's orders. Signore! Ah! I forgot. Next week new and extraordinary attractions. One number alone twenty thousand francs! Business is becoming more difficult, prices continually going up. Your Highness…

. Delightful old scamp, Mr. Jacob.

. He must lead a gay life with his artists.

. But Mme. Jenny, must we quarrel always?

. Why, Mr. Jacob?

. Is this a place for you to do your knitting?

. I have to work for the children. What harm is there in it?

. You might cook your meals here if you like.

. Yes, it's better to do—what the others do.

. It's all my fault for allowing the artists to mix with the public.

. Artists? Does he mean me?

. It's easy to see that you're not accustomed to dealing with artists.

. I am not accustomed to dealing with artists?


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. No. This isn't a theatre, this isn't a circus, it's a…

. [Pointing to the cocottes] Those are the artists you want here.

. My business is to please the public.

. Well, don't I please the public? Here! Here!

. Mr. Jacob!

. Tobacco! Messieurs!

. Mr. Ruhu! Mr. Ruhu! Nero run away! He break everything!

. Can't they let him alone? Give him a chance. Go on! What more do they want?

. And I waste my time, valuable time! The second part—Sottes! Stupid people!

. I'm through; that settles it. I shan't stay in this place another day. I'm through, I tell you.

. Why, what is the matter, Mr. Tobacco? Have you been fighting with Mr. Jacob? He is an idiot to fight with you. How are you, Mme. Jenny? How are the little ones?

. Entirely too healthy for their mother. What they don't eat they break. We cannot keep a thing in the house.

. I should think you would be glad they are well and strong; some day they will grow up and earn money.

. Yes, they're pretty fine tumblers as it is—better than the Sheffers already.

. How is your little one, Mme. Lelia?

. She is not well; only so-so. I had to put her on


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 the bottle. You see, with my work on the wire, it was impossible

. I brought up all seven of mine on the bottle. An artist can do nothing else nowadays, with all the demands on her time. The first thing you know, they take everything.

. What did Mr. Jacob say?

. He didn't like my knitting here—a little jacket for my Alex.

. Last night he told me this hat wasn't presentable—a hat that cost me fifteen francs in Paris the year of the Exposition. This is no place for artists, for decent people.

. This isn't a circus. After a man has worked at Rentz's in Vienna, at Wulf's in Berlin, or the Corradine in Rome—those are dignified establishments. There an artist is an artist.

. It used to be so, Mr. Tobacco, but now they are all the same. All you need is a machine; then you turn on the current, and you have an artist. The result is the real artists are obliged to work for nothing, I think my husband is a genius as a contortionist.

. You could not go further than that.

. And on the wire, without vanity, I go myself as far as anybody—I go farther. I stand on my head with a pirouette and a double flimflam; I am the only woman in Europe who dares to do it.

. Nothing finer could be asked.

. The second part!…

. Are you coming in to see the show?

. Yes, my husband wants to look the Russian over. He's got to pick up a few new tricks.

. No! Is it possible, Mr. Tobacco? You are joking.

. Mr. Jacob thinks that Russian is funny. Ha, ha!


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Rh gion their deliberate choice; and they did so, with reasons for their choice, v. 15..18. (2.) To make it their determinate choice, and to resolve to adhere to it, v. 19..24. 4. By way of covenant upon that treaty, v. 25..28. II. The conclusion of this history, with, 1. The death and burial of Joshua, v. 29, 30. and Eleazar, v. 33. and the mention of the burial of Joseph's bones upon that occasion, v. 32. 2. A general account of the state of Israel at that time, v. 31. 1.

ND Joshua gathered all the tribes of Israel to Shechem, and called for the elders of Israel, and for their heads, and for their judges, and for their officers; and they presented themselves before God. 2. And Joshua said unto all the people, Thus saith the God of Israel, Your fathers dwelt on the other side of the flood in old time, even Terah, the father of Abraham, and the father of Nachor: and they served other gods. 3. And I took your father Abraham from the other side of the flood, and led him throughout all the land of Canaan, and multiplied his seed, and gave him Isaac. 4. And I gave unto Isaac, Jacob and Esau; and I gave unto Esau mount Seir, to possess it: but Jacob and his children went down into Egypt. 5. I sent Moses also and Aaron, and I plagued Egypt, according to that which I did among them: and afterward I brought you out. 6. And I brought your fathers out of Egypt: and you came unto the sea; and the Egyptians pursued after your fathers with chariots and horsemen unto the Red Sea. 7. And when they cried unto the, he put darkness between you and the Egyptians, and brought the sea upon them, and covered them: and your eyes have seen what I have done in Egypt: and ye dwelt in the wilderness a long season. 8. And I brought you into the land of the Amorites, which dwelt on the other side Jordan; and they fought with you: and I gave them into your hand, that ye might possess their land; and I destroyed them from before you. 9. Then Balak the son of Zippor, king of Moab, arose and warred against Israel, and sent and called Balaam the son of Beor to curse you: 10. But I would not hearken unto Balaam; therefore he blessed you still: so I delivered you out of his hand. 11. And ye went over Jordan, and came unto Jericho: and the men of Jericho fought against you, the Amorites, and the Perizzites, and the Canaanites, and the Hittites, and the Girgashites, the Hivites, and the Jebusites; and I delivered them into your hand. 12. And I sent the hornet before you, which drave them out from before you, even the two kings of the Amorites; but not with thy sword, nor with thy bow. 13. And I have given you a land for which ye did not labour, and cities which ye built not, and ye dwell in them; of the vineyards and oliveyards which ye planted not, do ye eat. 14. Now therefore fear the, and serve him in sincerity and in truth: and put away the Gods which your fathers served on the other side of the flood, and in Egypt; and serve ye the.

Joshua thought he had taken his last farewell of Israel, in the solemn charge he gave them in the foregoing chapter, when he said, I go the way of all the earth; but God graciously continuing his life longer than he expected, and renewing his strength, he was desirous to improve it for the good of Israel: he did not say, "I have taken my leave of them once, and let that serve;" but, having yet a longer space given him, he summons them together again, that he might try what more he could do to engage them for God. Note, We must never think our work for God done, till our life is done; and if he lengthen out our days beyond what we thought, we must conclude it is because he has some further service for us to do.

The assembly is the same with that in the foregoing chapter, the elders, heads, judges and officers of Israel, v. 1. But it is here made something more solemn than it was there.

I. The place appointed for their meeting is Shechem, not only because that lay nearer to Joshua than Shiloh, and therefore more convenient now that he was infirm and unfit for travelling, but because it was the place where Abraham, the first trustee of God's covenant with this people, settled at his coming to Canaan, and where God appeared to him, Gen. 12. 6, 7. and near which stood mount Gerizim and Ebal, where the people had renewed their covenant with God at their first coming into Canaan, Josh. 8. 30. Of the promises God had made to their fathers, and of the promsies they themselves had made to God, this place might serve to put them in mind.

II. They presented themselves, not only before Joshua, but before God, in this assembly; that is, they came together in a solemn religious manner, as into the special presence of God, and with an eye to him speaking to them by Joshua; and, it is probable, the service began with prayer. It is the conjecture of interpreters, that upon this great occasion, Joshua ordered the ark of God to be brought by the priests to Shechem, which, they say, was but about ten miles from Shiloh, and to be set down in the place of their meeting, which is therefore called, v. 26, the sanctuary of the Lord, the presence of the ark making it so at that time; and this was done to grace the solemnity, and to strike an awe upon the people that attended. We have not now any such sensible tokens of the divine presence, but are to believe that where two or three are gathered together in Christ's name, he is as really in the midst of them, as God was where the ark was, and they are indeed presenting themselves before him.

III. Joshua spake to them in God's name, and as from him, in the language of a prophet, v. 2. "Thus saith the Lord, Jehovah, the great God, and the God of Israel, your God in covenant, whom therefore you are bound to hear and give heed to." Note, The word of God is to be received by us as his, whoever is the messenger that brings it, whose greatness cannot add to it, nor his meanness diminish from it.

His sermon consists of doctrine and application.

1. The doctrinal part is a history of the great things God had done for his people, and for their


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there was a fisherman who had plenty of money but no children. One day an old woman came to his wife and said: ‘What use is all your prosperity to you when you have no children?’

‘It is God’s will,’ answered the fisherman’s wife.

‘Nay, my child, it is not God’s will, but the fault of your husband; for if he would but catch the little gold-fish you would surely have children. To-night, when he comes home, tell him he must go back and catch the little fish. He must then cut it in six pieces—one of these you must eat, and your husband the second, and soon after you will have two children. The third piece you must give to the dog, and she will have two puppies. The fourth piece give to the mare, and she will have two foals. The fifth piece bury on the right of the house door, and the sixth on the left, and two cypress trees will spring up there.’

When the fisherman came home at evening his wife told him all that the old woman had advised, and he promised to bring home the little gold-fish. Next morning, therefore, he went very early to the water, and caught the little fish. Then they did as the old woman had ordered, and in due time the fisherman’s wife had two sons, so like each other that no one could tell the difference. The dog had two puppies exactly alike, the mare had two foals, and on each side of the front door there sprang up two cypress trees precisely similar.

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Wikisource:WikiProject Film/Drafts/Archives/The Gallopin' Gaucho

User: PseudoSkull

File: The Gallopin' Gaucho (1928).webm

Author: Walter Elias Disney, Ub Iwerks

Publisher: Walt Disney Studio

Year: 1928

PD: PD/US|1971|film=yes

Note: This is a silent version of the film, as it was released silently in September 1928. A sound version was possibly first released (based on the testimony of some sources) on December 30, 1928, but. The latest it could have been released was in 1929, which would put the audio public domain date at 2025. Any audible dialogue may be completely missing, and will be reassessed when it is confirmed to be in the public domain.

Cat: Cartoons, Mickey Mouse, Musical film, Silent film

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Runo IV]

the little maiden Aino,

Youthful Joukahainen’s sister,

Went for besoms to the greenwood,

Sought for bath-whisks in the bushes;

One she gathered for her father,

And a second for her mother,

And she gathered yet another,

For her young and ruddy brother.

As she turned her footsteps homeward,

Pushing through the alder-bushes,

Came the aged Väinämöinen,

And he saw her in the thicket,

Finely clad among the herbage,

And he spoke the words which follow:

“Maiden, do not wear for others,

But for me alone, O maiden,

Round thy neck a beaded necklace,

And a cross upon thy bosom.

Plait for me thy beauteous tresses,

Bind thy hair with silken ribands.”

But the young maid gave him answer,

“Not for thee, and not for others,

Rests the cross upon my bosom,

And my hair is bound with ribands.

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 When the two boys were grown up, they were not content to remain at home, though they had wealth in plenty; but they wished to go out into the world, and make a name for themselves. Their father would not allow them both to go at once, as they were the only children he had. He said: ‘First one shall travel, and when he is come back then the other may go.’

So the one took his horse and his dog, and went, saying to his brother: ‘So long as the cypress trees are green, that is a sign that I am alive and well; but if one begins to wither, then make haste and come to me.’ So he went forth into the world.

One day he stopped at the house of an old woman, and as at evening he sat before the door, he perceived in front of him a castle standing on a hill. He asked the old woman to whom it belonged, and her answer was: ‘My son, it is the castle of the Fairest in the Land!’

‘And I am come here to woo her!’

‘That, my son, many have sought to do, and have lost their lives in the attempt; for she has cut off their heads and stuck them on the post you see standing there.’

‘And the same will she do to me, or else I shall be victor, for to-morrow I go there to court her.’

Then he took his zither and played upon it so beautifully that no one in all that land had ever heard the like, and the princess herself came to the window to listen.

The next morning the Fairest in the Land sent for the old woman and asked her, ‘Who is it that lives with you, and plays the zither so well?’

‘It is a stranger, princess, who arrived yesterday evening,’ answered the old woman.

And the princess then commanded that the stranger should be brought to her.

When he appeared before the princess she questioned

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