text:
Page:The lay of the Nibelungs; (IA nibelungslay00hortrich).pdf/189

X.]

Then to his guest the host spake: “A foul disgrace ’twill be!

I’ve brought the very devil home to the house with me!

For when I sought to woo her, she bound me tight withal,

Then to a nail she bore me and hang’d me on the wall.

”There hung I in mine anguish all night until the day,

Before she would unbind me. How softly, too, she lay!

This, trusting in your friendship, I tell you secretly.”

Then cried the stalwart Siegfried: “This grieves me, verily;

“I’ll see if I can help you, so put your grief away.

I’ll manage that this evening she’ll let you by her stay;—

She shall not even flout you, nor scorn your love again.”

This saying was to Gunther sweet comfort after pain.

And further spake Sir Siegfried: “Thou yet mayst prosper well.

Right different, I ween, was the luck that us befell!

To me your sister Kriemhild is dearer than my life:

This same night Dame Brunhilda shall be your willing wife.”

He said: “Unto your chamber I’ll come this very night,

Clad in my hood of darkness, unseen of any wight,—

That ne’er another person my artifice may know;

So let your chamber-servants unto their hostel go.

“The lights the pages carry I’ll suddenly put out;

And this will be the token, that you may have no doubt

But I am nigh to aid you:  yea! I will tame your wife

That you this night can woo her;— thereon I stake my life!”


text:
Page:United Nations Security Council Meeting 3.pdf/23

44 (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) (translated from Russian): I should like to suggest that the completion of this discussion should not be carried over to the next meeting, because it would not be expedient to divide this question into two parts.

 * Does any other representative wish to speak regarding the question of the adjournment of the proceedings at this stage? Then I will ask the Council to vote. All in favour of the proceedings in this discussion being adjourned until the meeting of the Council at 3 p.m. on Wednesday indicate by raising the right hand.

Show of hands.

…Against?

Show of hands.

 * As seven representatives have voted in favour of the adjournment, I declare that it has been carried.

May I indicate at this stage to the representative of the USSR delegation that, in view of the statement which has been made to the Council and the text of the written statement as well as the oral statement made by the Iranian representative today, there is a question whether a dispute exists. If the Council should accept the view that there is a dispute, then under the terms of paragraph 3 of Article 27, since the Soviet Union is named as the other party to this dispute, it will not be possible for the representative from the Soviet Union to exercise a vote during the consideration of this particular debate, in any of the decisions referred to in that paragraph. This does not apply, of course, to decisions on procedure or matters under paragraph 2 of Article 27.

The Council stands adjourned until 3 p.m. on Wednesday afternoon.

The meeting rose at 6.08 p.m.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text: United Nations Security Council Meeting 3


text:
Page:The lay of the Nibelungs; (IA nibelungslay00hortrich).pdf/190

112

“Then,” quoth the king, “be careful thou yieldest not to love;

She is mine own dear lady! The rest I do approve,—

Do with her what thou choosest;— if thou shouldst take her life

Methinks I would o’erlook it: she is a fearsome wife!”

“I do agree,” cried Siegfried, “and, by my faith, I swear

I will not seek to woo her. Is not thy sister dear

Before all other women I have set eyes on aye?”

Right well believéd Gunther what Siegfried then did say.

The merry games brought gladness and also weariness.

The tilting and the shouting were bidden soon to cease:

For to the hall the ladies were shortly to depart.

The chamberlains commanded the folk to stand apart.

The horses and the people were driven from the court.

Each of the beauteous ladies a bishop did escort,

When they in kingly presence must go to sit at meat.

And many a goodly liegeman them follow’d to their seat.

The king, with hopes encouraged, in joyous humour sat:

What Siegfried had assured him, his mind was full of that!

To him this one day seeméd as long as thirty days.

Upon his lady’s wooing his thoughts were set always.

He scarcely could content him until the meal was done.

Then was the fair Brunhilda at leisure to be gone,

As also was Kriemhilda; both to their rooms would go,

The thanes around them thronging;— ha! ’twas a gallant show!


text:
Page:The Life and Mission of Emanuel Swedenborg.djvu/60

 and mathematics. . . . If there should be an opening at an Academy here in Sweden, will your Excellency be so kind as advance him to fill it? With God's help he will honor his place. "."

Meanwhile Swedenborg made preparations for his projected magazine of scientific discoveries and mechanical inventions. On the 9th of August he writes to Benzelius,—

"Most honored friend and brother,—As I presume you have now returned from the Springs to Upsal, I hope that this letter may find you in good condition and with renewed health, at which I should rejoice more than any one else. I received lately a very nice little Latin letter from brother Ericulus, at which I was very much pleased and gratified. I answered it in some extemporaneous Latin verses, in which I wished him every kind of happiness and success, both in his studies and in everything else that may be agreeable to his parents and to himself.

"I looked very carefully for the machines which I some time ago sent to my father; they were eight in number, but I was unable to discover the place in which he had laid them aside. He thinks they have been sent to you, which I hope with all my heart; for it cost me a great amount of work to put them on paper, and I shall not have any time during the next winter to do this over again. There were, First, three drawings and plans for water-pumps, by which a large quantity of water can be raised in a short time from any sea or lake you choose. Second, two machines for raising weights by means of water, as easily and quickly as is done by mechanical forces. Third, some kinds of sluices, which can be constructed where there is no fall of water, and which will raise boats over hills, sand-banks, etc. Fourth, a machine to discharge by air ten or eleven thousand shots per hour. All these machines are carefully described and calculated algebraically. I had further intended to communicate plans of some kinds of vessels and boats, in which persons may go under water whenever they choose; also a machine for build-


text:
Page:The lay of the Nibelungs; (IA nibelungslay00hortrich).pdf/191

X.]

Sir Siegfried by Kriemhilda his beauteous wife still sate,

And with her held sweet converse with joy unmarr’d by hate.

His hands she softly fondled with hers that were so white,—

Until—but how she knew not— he vanish’d from her sight.

As she with him was toying and found he’d slipped away,

She turned to his attendants, and thus the queen did say:

“I marvel what hath happen’d the king, where hath he gone?

His hands he but this moment hath taken from mine own.”

She did not question further. Meanwhile he quickly came

To where the chamber-servants did wait with links aflame:

He straight began to quench them, each in the page’s hand.

That it was done by Siegfried Gunther did understand.

Well knew he what he wanted: he therefore bade begone

The maids and dames who waited. As soon as this was done

The noble king was careful himself to lock the door:

Two strong bolts drew he quickly and fastened therebefore.

Behind the tester-hangings he hid the tapers’ light.

And then began a play-piece, which ended not that night,

Betwixt the stalwart Siegfried and that fair maiden wife;—

Which was unto King Gunther with joy and sorrow rife.

When on the couch lay Siegfried alongside of the queen:

“Take care,” quoth she, “Lord Gunther, —though sweet it might have been

To love me—lest you suffer as you have done before.”

The lady for bold Siegfried had bitter woe in store.


text:
Page:The lay of the Nibelungs; (IA nibelungslay00hortrich).pdf/192

114

To hide his voice he fail’d not, and ne’er a word spake he.

And so ’twas plain to Gunther, although he could not see,

That nothing sly or secret was passing ’twixt the twain.

But little peace or comfort did either of them gain!

He bore himself as though he the great King Gunther were,

And in his arms clasp’d closely that maiden passing fair.

But on a bench by-standing she hurl’d him from the bed,

So that against a footstool he loudly smote his head.

Arising, strong as ever, up leapt the gallant man:

This time he would do better! but soon as he began

To try and overpower her, again she wrought him woe.

Ne’er wife hath made a fending the like of that, I trow!

And when he gave not over, the maiden sprang upright:

“Full ill doth it beseem you to touch my shift so white!

Coarse are you and unmanner’d: woe therefore you betide!

You shall not soon forget it!” the comely maiden cried.

She clasp’d the good knight tightly with both her arms around,

And would have laid and bound him, as she the king had bound,—

That she in peace and quiet might lie upon her bed.

The ruffling of her raiment she vengefully repaid.

What did his valour serve him, and what his power of limb,

When she essayed to show him that she could master him?

By might and main she bore him— not elsewise could it be—

And ’twixt the bed and cupboard she crush’d him cruelly.


text:
Page:The Life and Mission of Emanuel Swedenborg.djvu/61

 nig at pleasure a blast furnace near any still water, where the wheel will nevertheless revolve by means of the fire, which will put the water in motion; likewise some kinds of air-guns that are loaded in a moment, and discharge sixty or seventy shots in succession without any fresh charge. Towards winter, perhaps, I shall draw and describe these machines. I should like to have the opportunity and the means of setting one or other of them up and getting it to work.

"The day after to-morrow I will travel to the Kinnekulle, to select a spot for a small observatory, where I intend, towards winter, to make some observations respecting our horizon, and to lay a foundation for those observations by which my invention on the longitude of places may be confirmed: perhaps I may then travel in all haste first to Upsal, to get some things I need for it.

"Please let me know whether Professor Upmark has yet obtained his appointment. If there is anything in which I can be of use to you again, I wish you would inform me of it. Will you be so good as to recommend me to any of the professors for any opening that may present itself? The rest I shall myself see to. By the next opportunity I will send you something which I saw through the press before returning home: it is an oration on the King's return, and also some fables like those of Ovid, which I have called Camena Borea, and have dedicated to Cronhjelm. I am waiting impatiently for your oration, about which you said a few words in your last letter. Remember me a thousand times to Anna. Whatever additional success I may have in my designs, I will first communicate to you. I wish you would allow me to do so. Meanwhile I live in the hope of being allowed to remain, most learned friend and brother, your most obedient brother and servant, "."

On the 2ist of November, he writes to the same friend from Stockholm,—


text:
Page:The lay of the Nibelungs; (IA nibelungslay00hortrich).pdf/193

X.]

“Ah, woe is me!” the knight thought, “am I to lose my life,

And that through a mere maiden? if so be, every wife,

From this day forth for ever, with arrogance and pride

Will treat her lawful husband; which else should ne’er betide.”

The king could hear all plainly, and grievéd for the man.

Siegfried, full sore ashaméd, to rage within began;

His monstrous strength outputting he with the maid did close,

And strove with all his forces Dame Brunhild to oppose.

Long time it seemed to Gunther ere he the maid did quell.

She grasp’d his hands so tightly, that from each finger-nail

The blood burst from her pressure;— sad pain the hero bore

Ere yet the noble maiden he made for evermore

Renounce that will unruly, of which she was so proud.

The king heard what was passing, but durst not speak a word,

Against the bed he press’d her, until she cried again:

His strength it was sufficient to cause her gruesome pain,

Then clutch’d she at the girdle she wore about her waist,

And would have bound him with it: he stopp’d it with such haste

And force, that all her body and joints crack’d in the strife.

Thus ended was the battle.— she now was Gunther’s wife.

She spake: “O noble sovran, now let my life go free,

And all shall be atoned for that I have done to thee.

Ne’er more I’ll do despite to the love of thy true heart:

Right surely have I proved that thou women’s master art.”


text:
Page:The lay of the Nibelungs; (IA nibelungslay00hortrich).pdf/194

116

Sir Siegfried stepp’d aside then— whilst there the maiden lay—

As though he had bethought him his clothes to put away;

But first, from off her finger a golden ring he drew,

So that the noble maiden naught of it ever knew.

He likewise took her girdle,— a silken cord and good,—

I know not if he took it in arrogance of mood.

Unto his wife he gave it, whence woe he one day had.

Then lay each by the other the king and his fair maid,

He woo’d her as a lover, as was his right to do.

And needs must she her anger and eke her shame forego.

So closely did he court her her cheeks grew somewhat pale:

Ah me! how all her power was made by love to fail!

For now she was no stronger than any other dame,

And all her lovely body his very own became.

If she had tried to spurn him, what profit could it prove?

This was the work of Gunther by virtue of his love.

How full of fond endearments he by the lady lay,

In tender love and kindness until the dawn of day!

Meanwhile, the noble Siegfried had gone again outside,

And was right warmly welcomed by his own winsome bride.

He put aside the questions which did perplex her thought,

And long from her kept hidden what he for her had brought;—

Until, a queen and crownéd, to his own land she went.

What he was doom’d to give her he nowise could prevent!


text:
Page:The Crowne of all Homers Workes - Chapman (1624).djvu/92

Rh


text:
Page:The Life and Mission of Emanuel Swedenborg.djvu/62

 "Most honored friend and brother,—According to promise I send these lines in the greatest haste to the post-office, thanking you first and foremost for the great kindness shown to me at Upsal. My highest wish is to find an opportunity by which I can repay it in some way or other. I only came here to-day. I could easily have arrived yesterday, had it not been for the darkness, and for the uncertainty of finding quarters for one in a blue dress.

"The Queen-dowager is still living; she is better to-day. . . . We have heard both the best and the worst news; only it has here and there been exaggerated and colored. Most people know nothing certain about the King's person. Some shut him up in Stralsund, and give him no means of escape; others vainly rejoice at his return, and expect him late this evening: carriages are in readiness at the Court to go to meet him. It is generally believed, however, that he has made his escape; that, after his horse had been shot under him, he ran two thousand paces on foot before he could procure another charger. This would again redound to his glory, as the Dutch say that the Swede would be the best soldier in the world, if he knew when to run away.

"Brother Gustav sends his love, and apologizes for not having written. With a hundred thousand kind remembrances to sister Anna, I remain, most honored brother, your most faithful brother and friend, "."

The Queen-dowager, Hedwig Eleonora, died three days after the date of this letter, in her eightieth year, deeply grieved at the unhappy fate of her Sweden, and in great anxiety for her grandson, Charles XII. She had survived both her son, Charles XI. who died in 1697, and his Queen, Ulrica Eleonora, who died in 1693. Gustav was Benzelius's brother.

Early in December, Emanuel writes again to his friend and brother, from Stockholm,—

"My literary occupations engage me every day. . . . With


text:
Page:The lay of the Nibelungs; (IA nibelungslay00hortrich).pdf/195

X.]

The host upon the morrow was in a gayer mood

Than on the former morning; thereby a humour good

Spread through his lands, rejoicing full many a noble thane

Whom to his house he summon’d, and well did entertain.

The merry-making lasted until the fourteenth day.

And all the while the turmoil did not abate nor stay

With all kinds of rejoicing, which one and all must share.

’Twas all at the king’s charges, and great in sooth they were.

For noble Gunther’s kinsmen, as them the king had told,

Gave gifts to do him honour, of raiment and red gold,

Of horses and of silver, unto the outland men.

They who for gifts were eager departed happy then.

And even the lord Siegfried from out of Netherland,

With all his thousand lieges, of that apparel grand

Which they had broughtto Rhineland to them did freely give;

Fine horses, eke, and saddles: right nobly could they live!

Ere all the costly presents were shared among the throng,

Those who would fain go homeward began to think it long.

Ne’er yet of like enjoyment had guests so had their fill.

And so the wedding ended, such was King Gunther’s will.


text: The Lay of the Nibelungs/Chapter 10

title: The Lay of the Nibelungs/Chapter 10


text:
Page:The Life and Mission of Emanuel Swedenborg.djvu/63

 regard to the dedication I must obey you,. ., although I can flatter myself with only a small prospect of recompense from it. . . . But, my dear brother, a single word from you to my father about me will be worth more than twenty thousand remonstrances from me. You can without any comment inform him of my enterprise, of my zeal in my studies; and that he need not imagine that in future I shall waste my time, and, at the same time, his money. . . . I will take care of the shoes for brother Eric, and we will also take care of the dress. But the dyers have their hands full; the shops here are all changed into black chambers, to make the goods appear still more dreary, and everything that has been red or gay has assumed now the color of mourning. This is the reason why my sister's dress cannot be dyed black. . ..

"The news that are reported here arrived from Stralsund this morning,—

"1. That the royal government office, with all its employes, has embarked for Sweden. There was probably a place left in the vessel for the King.

"2. That Stralsund has been reduced to ashes, and has become its own grave, and that of many officers. . ..

"Pardon, my dear brother, that I write to you in French. But the language in which you think usually suits you best. My thoughts at present move in this language; but whenever Cicero shall again engage me, I shall endeavor to address you like a Ciceronian."

The mourning in Stockholm was for the Queen. A fortnight after her death, Charles XII., after boldly defending himself in Stralsund, escaped in a small boat on the town's surrender, was picked up by a Swedish vessel, and landed in Sweden on the 13th of December.

The interest that Polhammar took in young Swedberg's projected magazine is shown in the following notes:—


text:
Page:The Crowne of all Homers Workes - Chapman (1624).djvu/93

82


text:
Page:The Crowne of all Homers Workes - Chapman (1624).djvu/94

Rh


text:
Page:The Life and Mission of Emanuel Swedenborg.djvu/64

.

" December 7, 1715. "Noble and most learned Sir: Most honored friend,—With peculiar joy and delight I have heard of your praiseworthy intention to publish, under your own care and at your own expense, the interesting and useful information in physical mathematics and mechanics which has been collected by the Collegium curiosorum at Upsal, and by yourself. . ..

"I read with great pleasure the description of the ear-trumpet; and I see from it that you are a ready mathematician, and well qualified for doing this and similar achievements. . ..

"."

", December 10, 1715.

"Most worthy and most learned Librarian: Most respected friend,—I thank you most humbly for your kind letter, which arrived by the last post; it was the more welcome, as it was some time since I had the pleasure of receiving a letter from you. I find that young Swedberg is a ready mathematician, and possesses much aptitude for the mechanical sciences; and, if he continues as he has begun, he will in course of time be able to be of greater use to the King and to his country in this than in anything else. . ..

"If I can be of use in any way to Mr. Swedberg, I will be so with the greater pleasure, because I may thereby do some good and acquire some honor for our country,—for it would be a matter of rejoicing if some young and zealous natures could be found, which are not so much engrossed and taken up with the present condition of things, as to allow themselves to be withdrawn thereby from interesting and at the same time useful designs and studies. I read through Mr. Swedberg's first draught of the ear-trumpet; but I did so while engaged upon and hindered by other matters, so that I had not time to examine it as carefully as I could have wished; but I have no doubt it is correct in all its parts. It would be my greatest delight and pleasure if he could confer with me personally about these things; he would be always welcome at my house. With many friendly remembrances, most worthy Librarian, I am your most obedient servant, "."

" December 19, 1715. "Noble and most learned Sir: Most honored friend,—The copperplate which you desire is entirely at your service. . . . But if you


text:
Page:Southern Historical Society Papers volume 09.djvu/175

166 After crossing Pearl river I was under the immediate command of General Jackson, and was marching in the rear or flank of the enemy for several days, and became again engaged with him near Meridian on the 14th ult. The First Mississippi was placed in line on the road leading from Meridian to Demopolis, and a mounted squadron from the Twenty-eighth Mississippi regiment on right of road near hospital, and skirmished briskly with them at that point, when they fell back to a position in the rear of the Twenty-eighth Mississippi regiment, which was formed in line dismounted. This regiment then engaged them and fell back in rear of Ballentine’s regiment, which was formed in line mounted ; the enemy in the mean time keeping up a brisk fire from his artillery and infantry.

I then withdrew my brigade and formed it in line on the west side of the railroad, their right resting on it, which position I held until the enemy had advanced in force, when I withdrew my command on the road leading from Meridian to Demopolis and skirmished with him there; when compelled to fall back, did so on the road leading from Meridian towards Lauderdale Springs, and bivouaced for the night at ———. My artillery was not present this day, having been ordered back towards Enterprise by General Jackson, they not being able to keep up with the column, which was moving rapidly towards Meridian, in order to reach that point before the enemy. I remained in the vicinity of Meridian for three days, and then proceeded to Lauderdale Springs via Almucha, moving from that point to Starksville via Macon to meet the column advancing down the Mobile and Ohio railroad, from Tennessee, under command of Generals Smith and Grierson. Upon arrival at Starksville it was found that they had been driven back by General Forrest.

I was then ordered by General Jackson to move my brigade to the vicinity of Sharon and Canton, via Kosciusko, which I did, arriving at Sharon on the 27th ultimo. I saw no more of the enemy until my arrival there, and as their column was marching on the road leading from Ratcliff’s Ferry to Canton, which passes within a short distance of this place, my advance guard soon became engaged with him. I sent forward Ballentine’s regiment, who commenced skirmishing with him, but a superior force coming up, soon compelled it to fall back, which it did in good order, and I left a squadron of the First Mississippi regi- ment in the edge of the town to cover its retreat and fell back to a good position about one mile to the rear, where I had placed my artil- lery (a section of King’s battery), and there formed a line of battle. This position I held until dark, when I fell back five miles for water


text:
Page:The Life and Mission of Emanuel Swedenborg.djvu/65

 wish to apply yourself diligently to the study of mechanics, I should very much like, if you are willing, that you would put up with my small accommodation, and more frequently confer orally with me; from which, I have no doubt, both of us would derive satisfaction. For although I am well aware that the present hard times, and the few days I have still to live, will prevent the execution of my designs, I nevertheless experience both pleasure and delight in discoursing upon them with one who is interested in them. . ..

"With many kind remembrances I remain, most learned Sir, your most obedient servant, "."

By the next February Swedenborg sends to Benzelius manuscript for the second part of the magazine, with several drawings of which he wishes that engravings may be made, hoping that the printing may be done and that he may receive a few copies to take with him to Court, then at Ystad. Among other things he mentions a project to get a Faculty of Mechanics established at the University. The same idea is elaborated more fully in another letter, of March 4th, with which he sends for the printer a small work on mathematics by Polhammar. It appears that in such a professorship he would have found at this time all he desired. More in joke than in earnest, he proposes that the present Faculty should relinquish one seventh of their salaries for the new appointment. Probably his serious brother-in-law, himself one of the Faculty, did not appreciate the joke; for about the 20th of March Swedenborg writes to him,—

"I was very glad to hear your opinion and ideas upon my proposition. I have never been, and I never will be, so forgetful of myself and of my standing at Upsal as to expect that the professors would support me to their own prejudice; but I thought that by such a desperate and execrable proposition I should compel your prudence and your imagination to discover something better for me; the whole of it was conceived merely as a joke, and this can very easily be mended en disant la vérité. . . . Still it would be very desirable that such a Faculty should be established; and if it is not practi-


text:
Page:The Crowne of all Homers Workes - Chapman (1624).djvu/95

84


text:
Page:The Life and Mission of Emanuel Swedenborg.djvu/66

 cable now, and we have to wait, it could be done with the greatest ease by dispensing with some of the professorships which are least necessary. . . . But as it would probably take from six to ten years before this could be carried out, it would be well if meanwhile some other arrangement could be made; and this your prudence will be best able to find out."

Benzelius, on the 2d of April, announces the completion of the Dædalus, part second, and adds,—

"With regard to the salary of a Professor of Mechanics, I know nothing better than that Mr. Polhammar be made an ordinary assessor of the College of Commerce; that you be made director in his place; that the mechanical laboratory be removed here to Upsal, and that the director's rank be made the same as that of the professors. The rest is in my opinion a mere chimera. For the ordinary professor of geometry is obliged to lecture on mechanics, and he has also done so. Further, when the ordinary professorships were appointed, a fine of ten thousand dalers in silver was imposed by his Majesty upon any one who desired a change."

To this Swedenborg answers immediately: First, that no vacancy exists in the College of Commerce. Second, that it might happen, with such a change in the directorship, that Polhammar would resign his office; that he himself cannot say a word on the subject, lest it seem to be unfriendly; but if by any means the assent of Polhammar should be obtained, he would make every exertion to secure the position. In the same letter he states that he has completed the manuscript for the next number of the Dædalus, and that he has a little poetical work in the press, Ludus Heliconius, a collection of Latin poems written in various places. He remains at Brunsbo till some opening appears, in order to be nearer at hand to advocate his Dædalus with the King.

Every letter at this period is loaded with directions about the printing, the engraving, etc., of the Dædalus. Now and then occurs a mournful remark about the condition of the


text:
Page:The Crowne of all Homers Workes - Chapman (1624).djvu/96

Rh


text:
Page:The Life and Mission of Emanuel Swedenborg.djvu/67

 country, Charles XII. straining every nerve and exhausting the life-blood of the nation for his ambitious wars. "It seems to me," he writes, "that Sweden is now prostrated, and that soon she will be in her last agony, when she will probably kick for the last time. Many perhaps wish that the affliction may be short, and that we may be released."

This is written in June, 1716. The letter concludes: "Sister Caisa [Catherina] has increased the world and our family; she has had a httle daughter, at whose baptism I was a witness the day before yesterday. A thousand kind remembrances to sister Anna and little brother Eric."

Emanuel Swedberg's association with Polhammar grew more intimate, with his publication of the latter's inventions and scientific speculations, together with his own. On the 26th of June, 1716, he writes to his brother Benzelius,—

"I am engaged on the subject which I intend for the last number of this year, and which I shall finish this week, namely, Polhammar's ideas upon the resistance of mediums, which at first were written down in Latin, and which have cost me a great deal of labor and mental exertion to reduce into such a form as will please the Assessor and the learned; likewise my method of finding the longitude of places, which I warrant to be certain and sure,—I must hear what the learned sag about it."

On the 4th of September he writes again to the same,—

"I am very glad that Dædalus, part iii., has appeared. I thank you for having taken so much trouble and care with it: when I am present with you, I will thank you still more. I am already thinking of the contents of part v, of the Dædalus. I think it will be best for me, first, to put down Assessor Polhammar's ingenious tap, with a sufficient mechanical and algebraical description; second, to make an addition to the description of his 'Blankstötz' machine, as this is a work which requires greater accuracy, reflection, and consideration than it has yet received; third, to leave room for some of the eclipses observed by Professor Elfvius, by which the


text:
Page:The Crowne of all Homers Workes - Chapman (1624).djvu/97

86


text:
Page:The Crowne of all Homers Workes - Chapman (1624).djvu/98

Rh


text:
Page:The Life and Mission of Emanuel Swedenborg.djvu/68

 longitude of Upsal is also obtained. If you would honor our little work with a life of Stiernhjelm, or with something else from the history of the learned, I know that thereby our publication would become more interesting; as in this case the heavy matter would be relieved by more pleasant subjects. I know also that this would gain us the favor and approbation of many, as the literary world acknowledges you as by far its best member; I hope, therefore, that this honor will not be refused. May God grant you a long life, although I am afraid that your many studies will deprive us of this benefit, by shortening your days: for I know no one who has more consideration for his various studies, and less for himself. All the learned and the Muses entreat you to spare yourself, and in you the Muses: it is worthy of all praise, indeed, to offer up one's self to the Muses, but not on the very altar; it is easy enough to become a premature victim. Pardon this admonition, my brother; your letter to my father is the cause of it. I hope that my little learning and my Dædalus will be long under your auspices. I think of inserting in the fourth number some Dædalian speculations about a flying machine, and to leave room for Dr. Bromell's curiosities, if he be pleased to insert them. Assessor Polhammar writes that in the following number he wishes to insert such matter as will be of use to the public,—such as water and wind machines, mills, etc.,—which I am very glad of. But let us quit these literary topics. Last Thursday night his Majesty travelled incognito through Skara and Skarke to Hjo, where he crossed over Lake Wetter to Wadstena, to call on the Princess. We had the lad with us who was his outrider, and who accompanied him from the monastery to Hjo. He reported many amusing questions and answers, of which I send you a specimen. His Majesty asked, 'Whether the King was not expected at Höjentorp.' 'Yes,' said the lad, 'I think so.' 'What should he do there?' 'That I do not know,' said the lad, 'but they say he will go hence to Stockholm.' He then said, smiling, 'Psha! to think he would go to Stockholm; they


text: A Recitall of that which hath happened in the Kings Armie


text:
Page:Travels in West Africa, Congo Français, Corisco and Cameroons (IA travelsinwestafr00kingrich).pdf/236

 over them was considerable, far more profound than that of any other missionary I have ever seen. His loss is also great to those students of Africa who are working on the culture or on the languages; his knowledge of both was extensive, particularly of the little known languages of the Ogowé district. He was, when I left, busily employed in compiling a dictionaryof the Fan tongue, and had many other works on language in contemplation. His work in this sphere would have had a high value, for he was a man with a university education and well grounded in Latin and Greek, and thoroughly acquainted with both English and French literature, for although born a Frenchman, he had been brought up in America. He was also a cultivated musician, and he and Mme. Jacot in the evenings would sing old French songs, Swiss songs, English songs, in their rich full voices; and then if you stole softly out on to the verandah, you would often find it crowded with a silent, black audience, listening intently.

The amount of work M. and Mme. Jacot used to get through was, to me, amazing, and I think the Ogowé Protestant mission sadly short-handed—its missionaries not being content to follow the usual Protestant plan out in West Africa, namely, quictly sitting down and keeping house, with just a few native children indoors to do the housework, and close by a school and a little church where a service is held on Sundays. The representatives of the Mission Évangélique, go to and fro throughout the district round each station on evangelising work, among some of the most dangerous and uncivilised tribes in Africa, frequently spending a fortnight at a time away from their homes, on the waterways of a wild and dangerous country. In addition to going themselves, they send trained natives as evangelists and Bible readers, and keep a keen eye on the trained native, which means a considerable amount of worry and strain too. The work on the stations is heavy in Ogowé districts, because when you have got a clearing made and all the buildings up, you have by no means finished with the affair, for you have to fight the Ogowé forest back, as a Dutchman fights the sea. But the main cause of work is the store, which in this exhausting climate is more than enough work for one man alone.


text:
Page:Travels in West Africa, Congo Français, Corisco and Cameroons (IA travelsinwestafr00kingrich).pdf/237

 Payments on the Ogowé are made in goods; the natives do not use any coinage-equivalent, save in the strange case of the Fans, which does not touch general trade and which I will speak of later. They have not even the brass bars and cheetems that are in used in Calabar, or cowries as in Lagos. In order to expedite and simplify this goods traffic, a written or printed piece of paper is employed—practically a cheque, which is called a "bon" or "book," and these "bons" are cashed—i.e. gooded, at the store. They are for three amounts. Five fura=a dollar. One fura=a franc. Desu=fifty centimes=half a fura, The value given for these "bons" is the same from government, trade, and mission. Although the Mission Évangélique does not trade—i.e. buy produce and sell it at a profit, its representatives have a great deal of business to attend to through the store, which is practically a bank. All the native evangelists, black teachers, Bible-readers and labourers on the stations are paid off in these bons; and when any representative of the mission is away on a journey, food bought for themselves and their canoe crews is paid for in bons, which are brought in by the natives at their convenience, and changed for goods at the store. Therefore for several hours every weekday the missionary has to devote himself to store work, and store work out here is by no means playing at shop. It is very hard, tiring, exasperating work when you have to deal with it in full, as a trader, when it is necessary for you to purchase produce at a price that will give you a reasonable margin of profit over storing, customs duties, shipping expenses, &c., &c. But it is quite enough to try the patience of any saint when you are only keeping store to pay on bons, à la missionary; for each class of article used in trade—and there are some hundreds of them—has a definite and acknowledged value, but where the trouble comes in is that different articles have the same value; for example, six fish-hooks and one pocket-handkerchief have the same value, or you can make up that value in lucifer matches, pomatum, a mirror, a hair comb, tobacco, or scent in bottles.

Now, if you are a trader, certain of these articles cost you more than others, although they have an identical value to the native, and so it is to your advantage to pay what we


text:
Page:Travels in West Africa, Congo Français, Corisco and Cameroons (IA travelsinwestafr00kingrich).pdf/238

 should call, in Cameroons, "a Kru, cheap copper," and you have a lot of worry to effect this. To the missionary this does not so much matter. It makes absolutely no difference to the native, mind you; so he is by no means done by the trader. Take powder for an example. There is no profit on powder for the trader in Congo Français, but the native always wants it because he can get a tremendous profit on it from his black brethren in the bush; hence it pays the trader to give him his bon out in Boma check, &c., better than in gunpowder. This is a fruitful spring of argument and persuasion. However, whether the native is passing in a bundle of rubber or a tooth of ivory, or merely cashing a bon for a week's bush catering, he is in Congo Français incapable of deciding what he will have when it comes to the point. He comes into the shop with a bon in his hand, and we will say, for example, the idea in his head that he wants fish-hooks—"jupes," he calls them—but, confronted with the visible temptation of pomatum, he hesitates, and scratches his head violently. Surrounding him there are ten or twenty other natives with their minds in a similar wavering state, but yet anxious to be served forthwith. In consequence of the stimulating scratch, he remembers that one of his wives said he was to bring some lucifer matches, another wanted cloth for herself, and another knew of some rubber she could buy very cheap, in tobacco, of a Fan woman who had stolen it. This rubber he knows he can take to the trader's store and sell for pocket-handkerchiefs of a superior pattern, or gunpowder, or rum, which he cannot get at the mission store. He finally gets something and takes it home, and likely enough brings it back, in a day or so, somewhat damaged, desirous of changing it for some other article or articles. Remember also that these Bantu, like the Negroes, think externally, in a loud voice; like Mr. Kipling's 'oont, "he smells most awful vile," and, if he be a Fan, he accompanies his observations with violent dramatic gestures, and let the customer's tribe or sex be what it may, the customer is sadly, sadly liable to pick up any portable object within reach, under the shadow of his companions' uproar, and stow it away in his armpits, between his legs, or, if his cloth be large enough, in that. Picture to yourself the


text:
Page:Fsi-AmharicBasicCourse-Volume1-StudentText.pdf/80

RV 61 (Rh) Note 6.3 Verb: Imperfective.

The Structure Sentences of this unit show some used of the Imperfective form, which is used with reference to present and future action. The Imperfective has a set of prefixes and the suffix /-all-/, with personal endings. It may be illustrated by the following examples:

The verb /məfəlləg/ 'to want, to look for'

This verb has the following affixes:

Except for the third person singular masculine suffix (/-al/), these suffixes are identical with the verb /allə/ (see Note 5.1).

The example above shows /iy/ before /-all-/ in the second person feminine singular. If the consonant preceding /-iy-/ (i.e. the last consonant of the stem) is one of the following eight consonants, it (and /-iy-/) are replaced as follows:

/t-iy-/ by /c/, as in /tıkəfcalləš/ 'you (f.) open' (masc. /tıkəftalləh/)

/d-iy-/ by /j/, as in /tıhejalləš/ 'you (f.) go' (masc. /tıhedalləh/)

/T-iy-/ and /S-iy-/ by /C/, as in /tıməCalləš/ 'you (f.) come' (masc. /tıməTalləh/)

/s-iy-/ by /š/, as in /tadəršalləš/ 'you (f.) cause to arrive' (masc. /tadərsalləh/)

/z-iy-/ by /ž/, asin /tıgəžalləš/ 'you (f.) buy' (masc. /tıgəzalləh/)


text:
Page:Travels in West Africa, Congo Français, Corisco and Cameroons (IA travelsinwestafr00kingrich).pdf/239

 perplexities of a Christian minister, engaged in such an occupation as storekeeping under these circumstances, with, likely enough, a touch of fever on him and jiggers in his feet; and when the store is closed the goods in it requiring constant vigilance to keep them free from mildew and white ants.

Then in addition to the store work, a fruitful source of work and worry are the schools, for both boys and girls. It is regarded as futile to attempt to get any real hold over the children unless they are removed from the influence of the country fashions that surround them in their village homes; therefore the schools are boarding; hence the entire care of the children, including feeding and clothing, falls on the missionary.

The French government has made things harder by decreeing that the children should be taught French. It does not require that evangelistic work should be carried on in French but that if foreign languages are taught, that language shall be French first. The general feeling of the missionaries is against this, because of the great difficulty in teaching the native this delicate and highly complex language. English, the Africans pick up sooner than any foreign language. I do not like to think that my esteemed friend Donna Maria de Sousa Coutinho is right in saying "because it is so much more like their own savage tongue," but regard this facility in acquiring it to the universal use of it in the form of trade English in the villages round them. Indeed, I believe that if the missionary was left alone he would not teach any European language, but confine himself to using the native languages in his phonetically written-down form; because the Africans learn to read this very quickly, and the missionary can confine their reading to those books he thinks suitable for perusal by his flock—namely, the Bible, hymn-book, and Bunyan's Holy War.

The native does not see things in this light, and half the time comes to the schools only to learn, what he calls "sense" i.e., white man's ways and language, which will enable him to trade with greater advantage. Still, I think the French government is right, from what I have seen in our own possessions of the disadvantage, expense, and inconvenience of the


text:
Page:Travels in West Africa, Congo Français, Corisco and Cameroons (IA travelsinwestafr00kingrich).pdf/240

 bulk of the governed not knowing the language of their governors, both parties having therefore frequently to depend on native interpreters; and native interpreters are "deceitful above all things and desperately wicked" occasionally, and the just administration of the country under these conditions is almost impossible.

You may say, Why should not the government official learn the native language like the missionary? and I think government officials who are settled like missionaries on the Coast should do so, but if you enforced this rule in Congo Français, where the government officials fly to and fro, Mezzofantis only need apply for appointments. Take the Gaboon district, to use the handy, but now obsolete division of the colony. This district, being the seaboard one, is where most of the dealings with the natives occur. In my small way I have met there with representatives of tribes speaking Shekani, Balungi, M'benga, M'billo, M'pongwe, Bakcle, Ncomi, Igalwa, Adooma, Ajumba, and Fan, and there are plenty more. Neither are any of these tribes neatly confined to distinct districts, so that you might teach your unfortunate official one language, and then tie him down in one place, where he could use it. Certain districts have a preponderance of certain tribes, but that is all. The Fans are everywhere in the northern districts of the Ogowé: but among them, in the districts below Lembarene, you will find Igalwa and Ajumba villages, side by side, with likely enough just across the stream a Bakele one. Above Talagouga, until you get to Boué, you could get along with Fan alone; but there is no government rule that requires languages up there because, barring keeping the Ogowé open to the French flag, it is not interfered with; and then when you get up to Franceville above Boué, there is quite another group of languages, Okota, Batoke, Adooma, &c., &c., and the Middle Congo languages. To require a knowledge of all these languages would be absurd, and necessitate the multiplication of officials to an enormous extent.

But to return to the Mission Évangélique schools. This mission does not undertake technical instruction. All the training the boys get is religious and scholastic. The girls fare somewhat better, for they get in addition instruction from


text:
Page:Travels in West Africa, Congo Français, Corisco and Cameroons (IA travelsinwestafr00kingrich).pdf/241

 the mission ladies in sewing, washing, and ironing, and for the rest of it they have an uncommonly pleasant and easy time, which they most bitterly regret as past when they go to their husbands, for husbands they each of them have.

It is strange that no technical instruction is given by any government out here. All of the governments support mission schools by grants: but the natives turned out by the schools are at the best only fit for clerks, and the rest of the world seems to have got a glut of clerks already, and Africa does not want clerks yet, it wants planters—I do not say only plantation hands, for I am sure from what I have seen in Cameroons of the self-taught native planters there, that intelligent Africans could do an immense amount to develop the resources of the country. The Roman Catholic mission at Landana carries on a great work in giving agricultural instruction in improved methods: but most of the other technical mission stations confine their attention to teaching carpentering, bricklaying, smith's work, tailoring, book-binding and printing, trades which, save the two first named, Africa is not yet in urgent need to be taught.

The teaching even of sewing, washing, and ironing is a little previous. Good Mme. Jacot will weary herself for months to teach a Fan girl how to make herself a dress, and the girl will learn eagerly, and so keenly enjoy the dress when it is made that it breaks one's heart when one knows that this same girl, when her husband takes her to his village soon, in spite of the two dresses the mission gave her, will be reduced to a bit of filthy rag, which will serve her for dress, sheet, towel and dish cloth; for even were her husband willing to get her more cloth to exercise her dressmaking accomplishments on, he dare not. Men are men, and women are women all the world over; and what would his other wives, and his mother and sisters say? Then the washing and ironing are quite parlour accomplishments when your husband does not wear a shirt, and household linen is non-existent as is the case among the Fans and many other African tribes. There are other things that the women might be taught with greater advantage to them and those round them.

It is strange that all the cooks employed by the Europeans


text:
Page:The Proletarian Revolution in Russia - Lenin, Trotsky and Chicherin - ed. Louis C. Fraina (1918).djvu/172

 an incessant fight for the revolution, and it resorts to the lowest, super-Marxist dodges to get the difficulty.

The social-patriots are the enemies of our class, they are bourgeois in the midst of the labor movement. They represent layers or groups of the working class which have been practically bought by the bourgeois through better wages, positions of honor, etc., and which help their bourgeoisie to exploit and oppress smaller and weaker nations, and take part in the division of capitalistic spoils.

The members of the center group are routine worshipers, eaten up by the gangrene of legality, corrupted by the parliamentary comedy, bureaucrats accustomed to nice sinecures and steady jobs. Historically and economically, they do not represent any special stratum of society; they only represent the transition from the old-fashioned labor movement as it was from 1871 to 1914, which rendered inestimable services to the proletariat through its slow, continued, systematic work of organization in a large, very large field, to the new movement which was objectively necessary at the time of the first world-wide war of Imperialism, and which has inaugurated the social-revolutionary era.

The main leader and representative of the center is Karl Kautsky, who dominated the second International (from 1889 to 1914), who has been responsible for the complete downfall of Marxism, who has showed an unherd-of lack of principles and the most pitiful hesitancy and betrayed the cause since August, 1914.

Among these centrists are Kautsky,, , and the so-called labor group in the Reichstag; in France, , Pressman and the so-called minority; in England, Philip Snowden, Ramsay MacDonald and other leaders of the Independent Labor Party, and a part of the British Socialist Party; Morris Hillquit and many others in the United States; , , and others in Italy,  and others in Switzerland;  & Co. in Austria; the Mensheviki, Axelrod, Martov, Cheidse, Tseretelli and others in Russia.

It goes without saying that some individual members of these groups go unconsciously from social-patriotism to centerism, and vice versa. Every Marxist knows, however, that classes retain their character regardless of the free migration of people from one group to another, in spite of all the efforts which are made to blend class or harmonize tendencies.


text:
Author:George Henry Jessop

Works

 * Check and Countercheck. A Tale of Twenty-Five Hours (1888), co-authored with Brander Matthews
 * Gerald Ffrench's Friends (1889)
 * Judge Lynch. A Romance of the Californian Vineyards (1889)
 * His American Wife (1913)
 * Desmond O'Connor. The Romance of an Irish Soldier (1914)

title: Author:George Henry Jessop


text:
Page:Fsi-AmharicBasicCourse-Volume1-StudentText.pdf/81

RV 62 (Rh) /n-iy-/ by /ñ/, as in /tımməsəggəñalləš/ 'you (f.) are praised/ (masc. /tımməsəgənalləh/)

/l-iy-/ by /y/, as in /tıyalləš/ 'you (f.) say' (masc. /tılalləh/)

With some speakers only the consonant preceding /-iy-/ is replaced. The second person feminine singular is then:

Verbs in /a-/ lose the vowel /ı/ of the prefixes (see Note 3.3) as in /awKalləhu/ 'I know', /yadral/ 'he spends the night', etc.

The verb /malət/ 'to say' is 'irregular'. Its Imperfective form is as follows:

Following is a complete list of verbs that have already occuredoccurred [sic] in Units 1 through 6. The verbs are listed in the infinitive, in the 3rd person masculine singular Perfective, and in the 3rd person masculine singular Imperfective.


text:
Page:The plastic age, (IA plasticage00mark).pdf/260

268 “Well, I’ma hundred and fifty to the bad,” Wi sor announced miserably, “but I Ve got to go. I don’t hit that eccy, I’m going to be out* of luck He shoved back his chair. “I hate like hell 1 leave; but I promised Hugh that I’d leave wil him at eleven, and I’ve got to do it.”

Allen had been quite indifferent when Hugh sa that he was leaving. Hugh was obviously srm money, and Allen had no time to waste on chicke feed, but Winsor was a different matter.

“You don’t want to go, George, when you ’re the hole. Better stick around. Maybe you ’ll w it back. Your luck can’t be bad all night.”

“You ’re right,” said Winsor, stretching mightil “It can’t be bad all night, but I can’t hang aroui all night to watch it change. You’re welcome the hundred and fifty, Ted, but some night so< I’m coming over and take it away from you.”

Allen laughed. “Any time you say, George.”

Hugh and Winsor settled their accounts, th stood up, aching and weary, their muscles cramp from three hours of sitting and nervous tensh They said brief good nights, unlocked the door they heard Allen lock it behind them—and h their disgruntled friends, glad to be out of t noisome odor of the room.

“God, what luck!” Winsor exclaimed as th started down the hall. “I’m off Allen for go( That boy wins big pots too regularly and alw;


text:
Page:Travels in West Africa, Congo Français, Corisco and Cameroons (IA travelsinwestafr00kingrich).pdf/242

 should be men, yet all the cooking among the natives themselves is done by women, and done abominably badly in all the Bantu tribes I have ever come across; and the Bantu are in this particular, and indeed in most particulars, far inferior to the true Negro; though I must say this is not the orthodox view. The Negroes cook uniformly very well, and at moments. are inspired in the direction of palm-oil chop and fish cooking. Not so the Bantu, whose methods cry aloud for improvement, they having just the very easiest and laziest way possible of dealing with food. The food supply consists of plantain, yam, koko, sweet potatoes, maize, pumpkin, pineapple, and ochres, fish both wet and smoked, and flesh of many kinds—including human in certain districts—snails, snakes, and crayfish, and big maggot-like pupæ of the rhinoceros beetle and the Rhyncophorus palmatorum. For sweetmeats the sugar-cane abounds, but it is only used chewed au naturel. For seasoning there is that bark that tastes like an onion, an onion distinctly passé, but powerful and permanent, particularly if it has been used in one of the native-made, rough earthen pots. These pots have a very cave-man look about them; they are unglazed, unlidded bowls. They stand the fire wonderfully well, and you have got to stand, as well as you can, the taste of the aforesaid bark that clings to them, and that of the smoke which gets into them during cooking operations over an open wood fire, as well as the soot-like colour they impart to even your own white rice. Out of all this varied material the natives of the Congo Français forests produce, dirtily, carelessly and wastefully, a dull, indigestible diet. Yam, sweet potatoes, ochres, and maize are not so much cultivated or used as among the Negroes, and the daily food is practically plantain—picked while green and the rind pulled off, and the tasteless woolly interior baked or boiled and the widely distributed manioc treated in the usual way. The sweet or non-poisonous manioc I have rarely seen cultivated, because it gives a much smaller yield, and is much longer coming to perfection. The poisonous kind is that in general use; its great dahlia-like roots are soaked in water to remove the poisonous principle, and then dried and grated up, or more commonly beaten up into a kind of dough in a wooden trough


text:
Page:The Recluse by W Paul Cook.djvu/53

 work of Mr. Cobb introduces an element of possible science, as in the tale of hereditary memory where a modern man with a negroid strain utters words in African jungle speech when run down by a train under visual and aural circumstances recalling the maiming of his black ancestor by a rhinoceros a century before.

Of younger Americans, none strikes the note of cosmic terror so well as the California poet and artist Clark Ashton Smith, whose bizarre writings, drawings and paintings are the delight of a sensitive few. Mr. Smith has for his background a universe of remote and paralysing fright—jungles of poisonous and iridescent blossoms on the moons of Saturn, evil and grotesque temples in Atlantis, Lemuria, and forgotten elder worlds, and dank morasses of spotted death-fungi in spectral countries beyond earth’s rim. His longest and most ambitious poem, The Hashish-Eater, is in pentameter blank verse; and opens up chaotic and incredible vistas of kaleidoscopic nightmare in the spaces between the stars. In sheer dæmonic strangeness and fertility of conception, Mr. Smith is perhaps unexcelled by any other writer dead or living. Who else has seen such gorgeous, luxuriant, and feverishly distorted visions of infinite spheres and multiple dimensions and lived to tell the tale? He truly deserves a wider recognition than he has so far attained.

Recent British literature, besides including the three or four greatest fantaisistes of the present age, has been gratifyingly fertile in the element of the weird. Rudyard Kipling has often approached it; and has, despite the omnipresent mannerisms, handled it with indubitable mastery in such tales as The Phantom Rickshaw, The Finest Story In The World, The Recrudescence Of Imray, and The Mark Of The Beast. This latter is of particular poignancy; the pictures of the naked leper-priest who mewed like an otter, of the spots which appeared on the chest of the man that priest cursed, of the growing carnivorousness of the victim and of the fear which horses began to display toward him, and of the eventually half-accomplished transformation of that victim into a leopard, being things which no reader is ever likely to forget. The final defeat of the malignant sorcery does not impair the force of the tale or the validity of its mystery.

Lafcadio Hearn, strange, wandering, and exotic, departs still farther from the realm of the real; and with the supreme artistry of a sensitive poet weaves phantasies impossible to an author of the solid roast-beef type. His Fantastics, written in America, contains some of the most impressive ghoulishness in all literature; whilst his Kwaidan, written in Japan, crystallises with matchless skill and delicacy the eerie lore and whispered legends of that richly colourful nation. Still more of Hearn’s weird wizardry of language is shown in some of his translations from the French, especially from Gautier and Flaubert. His version of the latter’s Temptation Of St. Anthony is a classic of fevered and riotous imagery clad in the magic of singing words.

Oscar Wilde may likewise be given a place amongst weird writers, both for certain of his exquisite fairy tales, and for his vivid Picture Of Dorian Gray, in which a marvellous portrait for years assumes the duty of aging and coarsening instead of its original, who meanwhile plunges into every excess of vice and crime without the outward loss of youth, beauty, and freshness. There is a sudden and potent climax when Dorian Gray, at last become a murderer, seeks to destroy the painting whose changes testify to his moral degeneracy. He stabs it with a knife, and a hideous cry and crash are heard; but when the servants enter they find it in all its pristine loveliness. “Lying on the floor was a dead man, in evening dress, with a knife in his heart. He was withered, wrinkled, and loathsome of visage. It was not till they had examined the rings that they recognised who he was.”

Matthew Phipps Shiel, author of many weird, grotesque, and adventurous novels and tales, occasionally attains a high level of horrific magic. XeluchaXélucha [sic] is a noxiously hideous fragmentsfragment [sic], but is excelled by Mr. Shiel’s undoubted masterpiece, The House Of Sounds, floridly written in the “yellow

title: Page:The Recluse by W Paul Cook.djvu/53


text:
Page:Travels in West Africa, Congo Français, Corisco and Cameroons (IA travelsinwestafr00kingrich).pdf/243

 that looks like a model canoe, with wooden clubs, which I have seen the curiosity hunter happily taking home as war clubs to alarm his family with. The thump, thump, thump of this manioc beating is one of the most familiar sounds in a bush village. The meal, when beaten up, is used for thickening broths, and rolled up into bolsters about a foot long and two inches in diameter, and then wrapped in plantain leaves, and tied round with tie-tie and boiled, or more properly speaking steamed, for a lot of the rolls are arranged in a brass skillet—a kettle Mr. Hudson persists in calling it; but, much as I respect his statements, I cannot blindly accept this one, for any woman knows a kettle must have a spout, and these utensils are spoutless and round, with a handle across the top, just for all the world like the skillet I make jam in in England—skillet, I repeat. A small quantity of water is poured over the rolls of plantain, a plantain leaf is tucked in over the top tightly, so as to prevent the steam from escaping, and the whole affair is poised on the three cooking-stones over a wood fire, and left there until the contents are done, or more properly speaking, until the lady in charge of it has delusions on the point, and the bottom rolls are a trifle burnt or the whole insufficiently cooked.

This manioc meal is the staple food, the bread equivalent, all along the coast. As you pass along you are perpetually meeting with a new named food, fou-fou on the Leeward, kank on the Windward, m'vada in Corisco, agooma in the Ogowé; but acquaintance with it demonstrates that it is all the same—manioc. If I ever meet a tribe that refers to buttered muffins I shall know what to expect and so not get excited.

It is a good food when it is properly prepared; but when a village has soaked its soil-laden manioc tubers in one and the same pool of water for years, the water in that pool becomes a trifle strong, and both it and the manioc get a smell which once smelt is never to be forgotten; it is something like that resulting from bad paste with a dash of vinegar, but fit to pass all these things, and has qualities of its own that have no civilised equivalent.

I believe that this way of preparing the staple article of P


text:
Page:The Proletarian Revolution in Russia - Lenin, Trotsky and Chicherin - ed. Louis C. Fraina (1918).djvu/173

 3.—The third, truly internationalist, is most accurately represented by the so-called "Zimmerwald Left." The declaration of war on August 4. 1914, swept organized Socialism into a support of the government, in Germany, France, Austria and England. After a year of war the majority Socialists retained their pro-government attitude, and the minority determined upon initiating some sort of international action. The Socialist Party of Italy, which opposed Italy's entry into war and after war was declared acted and still acts against it, on May 15, 1915, decided through its Executive Committee to take the initiative in calling an international conference of Socialist parties or groups and labor organizations opposed to the war and of whom it could be assumed that they would favor common action in resuming and carrying on the proletarian class struggle against the war. The Conference met in Zimmerwald, Switzerland, September 15, 1915. Italy, Russia, Rumania and Bulgaria were officially represented by party delegates; from Germany, France, Sweden, Norway, and Switzerland only groups or minorities were represented. The majority of the delegates agreed on a 60cial-pacifist resolution, a resolution obviously a compromise and which did not break completely with the dominant Socialism. A minority, however, dissatisfied with the spirit and resolution of the Conference, broke away and adopted a revolutionary declaration of their own. Shortly after, another Conference was held at Kienthal. Another "Zimmerwald" Conference was held in Stockholm, September 5–7, at which the Independent Socialist Party of Germany, which had refused to meet in the Stockholm Conference together with the Government Socialists of Germany, the Austrian minority, etc., and the Socialist Propaganda League of the United States were represented. The resolution adopted was much more radical than the one adopted at Zimmerwald. The Government Socialists were completely condemned: "Only a peace won and shaped by the Socialist proletariat through decisive mass actions can permanently prevent the renewal of the world-wide massacre. A capitalistic peace, no matter how it might be shaped, would lead to die shifting upon the shoulders of the working masses of the immense war debts in every country. … The only guarantee against a return of the world war is the social republic. … The hour has struck for beginning the great common battle in all countries for the bringing of peace, for the liberation of the peoples through die Socialist proletariat. The means for this is the international mass strike."—L. C. F.

It is characterized by its complete schism from the social-patriots and the centrists. It has been waging a relentless war against its own imperialistic government and its own imperialistic bourgeoisie. Its motto is: "Our worst enemy is at home." It has fought ruthlessly the nice and respectable social pacifist's phraseology, for those people who are social pacifists in words are bourgeois pacifists in deeds; bourgeois pacifists dream of an everlasting peace which shall not be preceded by the overthrow of capitalist domination. They have been employing every form of sophistry to demonstrate the impossibility, the inopportunities of keeping up the proletarian class struggle or of starting a proletarian Social Revolution in connection with the present war.

The members of this group in Germany are known as the Spartacus or International Group, to which Karl Liebknecht be-


text:
Page:The Recluse by W Paul Cook.djvu/54

 nineties”, and re-cast with more artistic restraint in the early twentieth century. This story, in final form, deserves a place among the foremost things of its kind. It tells of a creeping horror and menace trickling down the centuries on a sub-Arctic island off the coast of Norway; where, amidst the sweep of dæmon winds and the ceaseless din of hellish waves and cataracts, a vengeful dead man built a brazen tower of terror. It is vaguely like, yet infinitely unlike, Poe’s Fall Of The House of Usher.

Better known than Shiel is the ingenious Bram Stoker, who created many starkly horrific conceptions in a series of novels whose poor technique sadly impairs their net effect. The Lair Of The White Worm, dealing with a gigantic primitive entity that lurks in a vault beneath an ancient castle, utterly ruins a magnificent idea by a development almost infantile. The Jewel of Seven Stars, touching on a strange Egyptian resurrection, is less crudely written. But best of all is the famous Dracula, which has become almost the standard modern exploitation of the frightful vampire myth. Count Dracula, a vampire, dwells in a horrible castle in the Carpathians; but finally migrates to England with the design of populating the country with fellow vampires. How an Englishman fares within Dracula’s stronghold of terrors, and how the dead fiend’s plot for domination is at last defeated, are elements which unite to form a tale now justly assigned a permanent place in English letters. Dracula evoked many similar novels of supernatural horror, among which the best are perhaps The Beetle, by Richard Marsh, Brood Of The Witch-Queen, by “Sax Rohmer”, (Arthur Sarsfield Ward) and The Door Of The Unreal, by Gerald Biss. The latter handles quite dexterously the standard werewolf superstition. Much subtler and more artistic, and told with singular skill through the juxtaposed narratives of the several characters, is the recent novel Cold Harbour, by Francis Brett Young, in which an ancient house of strange malignancy is powerfully delineated. The mocking and well-nigh omnipotent fiend Humphrey Furnival holds echoes of the Manfred-Montoni type of early Gothic “villain”, but is redeemed from triteness by many clever individualities. Only the slight diffuseness of explanation at the close, and the somewhat too free use of divination as a plot factor, keep this tale from approaching absolute perfection.

ClarenceClemence [sic] Housman, in the brief novelette The Werewolf, attains a high degree of gruesome tension and achieves to some extent the atmosphere of authentic folklore.

Deserving of distinguished notice as a forceful craftsman to whom an unseen mystic world is ever a close and vital reality is the poet Walter de la Mare, whose haunting verse and exquisite prose alike bear consistent traces of a strange vision reaching deeply into veiled spheres of beauty and terrible and forbidden dimensions of being. In the novel The Return we see the soul of a dead man reach out of its grave of two centuries and fasten itself upon the flesh of the living, so that even the face of the victim becomes that which had long ago returned to dust. Of the shorter tales, of which several volumes exist, many are unforgettable for their command of fear’s and sorcery’s darkest ramifications; notably Seaton’s Aunt, in which there lowers a noxious background of malignant vampirism; The Tree, which tells of a frightful vegetable growth in the yard of a starving artist; Out Of The Deep, wherein we are given leave to imagine what thing answered the summons of a dying wastrel in a dark lonely house when he pulled a long-feared bell-cord in the attic chamber of his dread-haunted boyhood; Mr. Kempe, which shows us a mad clerical hermit in quest of the human soul, dwelling in a frightful sea-cliff region beside an archaic abandoned chapel; and All-Hallows, a glimpse of dæmoniac forces besieging a lonely mediæval church and miraculously restoring the rotting masonry. De la Mare does not make fear the sole or even the dominant element of most of his tales, being apparently more interested in the subtleties of character involved. Occasionally he sinks to sheer whimsical phantasy of the Barrie order. Still, he is among the very few to whom unreality is a vivid, living presence; and as such he is able to put into his occasional fear-studies a keen potency which only a rare master can achieve. His poem The Listeners restores the Gothic shudder to modern verse.

title: Page:The Recluse by W Paul Cook.djvu/54


text:
Page:The Proletarian Revolution in Russia - Lenin, Trotsky and Chicherin - ed. Louis C. Fraina (1918).djvu/174

 longs. Karl Liebknecht is the best known representative of that tendency and of the new real, proletarian international.

Karl Liebknecht called upon the workingmen and soldiers of Germany to turn their guns upon their own government. Karl Liebknecht did that openly from the tribune of parliament, the Reichstsag. Then he went out on Potsdamer Platz, one of the largest public squares in Berlin, with a batch of unlawfully printed proclamations to head a demonstration that shouted: "Down with the government." He was arrested and sentenced to hard labor. He is now serving his term in a German jail, like hundreds if not thousands of other real Socialists of Germany who have been jailed for waging war against war.

Karl Liebknecht attacked mercilessly in his speeches and his writings not only the Plekhanovs and the Potresofs of Germany (Scheidemann, Legien, David, etc), but also the centrists of Germany, the German Cheidses and Tseretellis, men like Kautsky, Haase, Ledebour and others.

Karl Liebknecht and his friend. , alone among 110 Socialist deputies in the Reicfastag, disregarded the party discipline, destroyed the harmonioas union with the centrists and the chauvinists, and fought everybody. Liebknecht alone really represents Socialism, the proletarian cause, the proletarian revolution. The rest of the German Social Democracy, to quote the apt words of Rosa Luxemburg, also a member and leader of the Spartacus Group, is "a stinking carrion.'"

Another group of real internationalists in Germany is gathered around the Bremen paper. The Workers' Politics.

In France those who stand closest to real internationalism are and his friends (Bourderon and Merrheim have gone over to the social-pacifist group), Henri Guilbeaux, who publishes in Switzerland a paper called Demain. In England, the supporters of the review. The Trade Unionist, and some of the members of the British Socialist Party and of the Independent Labor Party (for instance, William Russell, who has openly separated himself from the leaders who are betraying Socialism), the Scotch teacher and Socialist, MacLean, who has been sentenced to jail by the bourgeois


text:
Page:The Recluse by W Paul Cook.djvu/55

 The weird short story has fared well of late, an important contributor being the versatile E. F. Benson, whose Man Who Went Too Far breathes whisperingly of a house at the edge of a dark wood, and of Pan’s hoof-mark on the breast of a dead man. Mr. Benson’s recent volume, Visible And Invisible, contains several stories of singular power; notably Negotium Perambulans, whose unfolding reveals an abnormal monster from an ancient ecclesiastical panel which performs an act of miraculous vengeance in a lonely village on the Cornish coast, and The Horror-Horn, through which lopes a terrible half-human survival dwelling on unvisited Alpine peaks. John Metcalfe, in the collection published as The Smoking Leg, attains now and then a rare pitch of potency; the tale entitled The Bad Lands containing gradations of horror that strongly savour of genius. More whimsical and inclined toward the amiable and innocuous phantasy of Sir J. M. Barrie are the short tales of E. M. Forster, grouped under the title of The Celestial Omnibus. Of these only one, dealing with a glimpse of Pan and his aura of fright, may be said to hold the true element of cosmic horror. May Sinclair’s Uncanny Stories contain more of traditional “occultism” than of that creative treatment of fear which marks mastery in this field, and are inclined to lay more stress on human emotions and psychological delving than upon the stark phenomena of a cosmos utterly unreal. It may be well to remark here that occult believers are probably less effective than materialists in delineating the spectral and the fantastic, since to them the phantom world is so commonplace a reality that they tend to refer to it with less awe, remoteness, and impressiveness than do those who see in it an absolute and stupendous violation of the natural order.

Naturally it is impossible in a brief sketch to trace out all the classic modern uses of the terror element. This ingredient must of necessity enter into all work both prose and verse treating broadly of life; and we are therefore not surprised to find a share in such writers as the poet Browning, whose Childe Roland To The Dark Tower Came is instinct with hideous menace, or the novelist Joseph Conrad, who often wrote of the dark secrets within the sea, and of the dæmoniac driving power of Fate as influencing the lives of lonely and maniacally resolute men. Its trail is one of infinite ramifications; but we must here confine ourselves to its appearance in a relatively unmixed state, where it determines and dominates the work of art containing it.

Somewhat separate from the main British stream is that current of weirdness in Irish literature which came to the fore in the Celtic Renaissance of the later nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Ghost and fairy lore have always been of great prominence in Ireland, and for over a hundred years have been recorded by a line of such faithful transcribers and translators as William Carleton, T. Crofton Croker, Lady Wilde,—mother of Oscar Wilde—Douglas Hyde, and W. B. Yeats. Brought to notice by the modern movement, this body of myth has been carefully collected and studied; and its salient features reproduced in the work of later figures like Yeats, J. M. Synge, “A. E.”, Lady Gregory, Padraic Colum, James Stephens and their colleagues.

Whilst on the whole more whimsically fantastic than terrible, such folklore and its consciously artistic counterparts contain much that falls truly within the domain of cosmic horror. Tales of burials in sunken churches beneath haunted lakes, accounts of death-heralding banshees and sinister changelings, ballads of spectres and “the unholy creatures of the Raths”—all these have their poignant and definite shivers, and mark a strong and distinctive element in weird literature. Despite homely grotesqueness and absolute naivete, there is genuine nightmare in the class of narrative represented by the yarn of Teig O’Kane, who in punishment for his wild life was ridden all night by a hideous corpse that demanded burial and drove him from churchyard to churchyard as the dead rose up loathesomely in each one and refused to accommodate the newcomer with a berth. Yeats, undoubtedly the greatest figure of the Irish revival if not the greatest of all living poets, has accomplished notable things both in original work and in the codification of old legends.

title: Page:The Recluse by W Paul Cook.djvu/55


text:
Page:Indian Medicinal Plants (Text Part 1).djvu/66

lviii any material addition to our knowledge of the subject. In the second International Exhibition in London of 1862, Dr. J. F. Watson was placed in charge of the indigenous drugs. For the first time, several indigenous drugs were brought to light.

In the interval between the first exhibition of 1851 and the second one of 1862, several exhibitions were held in different parts of this country. But I do not think they added anything to our knowledge of indigenous drugs.

The publication of the Pharmacopoeia of India in 1867 under the authority of Her Majesty's Secretary of State for India marked an epoch in the history of the subject. To this day, that stands out as the authoritative work on the native remedies of this country. " With the view, firstly, of bringing to the notice of the profession in India those indigenous drugs which European experience has proved to possess value as medicinal agents, and which may be employed as efficient substitutes for imported articles ; and, secondly, of remodelling the Bengal Pharmacopoeia of 1844, Her Majesty's Secretary of State for India in Council was pleased to sanction the publication of a Pharmacopoeia for India based upon the British Pharmacopoeia, which, while affording all the information contained in that work of practical use in India, would embody and combine with it such supplementary matter of special value in that country as should adapt it to meet the requirements of the Indian Medical Department."

The information that lay scattered among a large number of periodicals was brought together in this work and made accessible for reference to the medical officers serving in this country. Between the publication in Calcutta of the Bengal Pharmacopoeia in 1814, and the issue of the Indian Pharmacopoeia in 1868, that is during the period of twenty-four years, great advances were made in our knowledge regarding the medicinal properties and therapeutic uses of the indigenous drugs.

The establishment of Medical Colleges and schools in this country also advanced our knowledge of indigenous drugs. The graduates whom the colleges turned out directed their attention


text:
Page:Indian Medicinal Plants (Text Part 1).djvu/67

Rh to the subject. They were not slow in recognising the importance of the study of indigenous drugs. There were other laborers also in the field. Dr. Waring, who edited the Indian Pharmacopoeia so creditably, was one of the most painstaking and careful observers of the properties and uses of indigenous drugs. His attention was drawn to the subject when serving out in Burma. The stock of his European medicines having been exhausted, he was in great perplexity and hardly knew what to do. In such a crisis, he turned to the medicinal plants of the country. His extensive knowledge of Botany stood him in good stead greatly. He found indigenous drugs to answer his purposes as satisfactorily as the costly imported medicines of Europe. The series of papers under the title, " Notes on some of the principal Indigenous Tonics, Anthelmintics, &c, of India," published in the early volumes of the "Indian Annals of Medical Science," now defunct, shows the careful and painstaking manner in which he had studied the subject.

The use of the Pharmacopoeia as a text book in the colleges and schools of this country, has also been productive of some good. The Pharmacopoeia Committee was not wrong in imparting an educational character to their publication. The native remedies having been rendered familiar during the period of studentship, have been often made use of by Indian Medical Graduates.

Mention should also be made of the establishment of the Forest Department and the School of Forestry in this country as helping in increasing our knowledge of indigenous drugs. The forest officers have brought to light several plants used medicinally by the natives of this country. The late Dr. Stewart in his Punjab Plants, mentioned a large number of medicinal plants used by the rustics and villagers of the Panjab. Mr. Gamble and other forest officers have also noticed the medicinal plants of other parts of India. The increase in our knowledge of the properties and uses of the indigenous drugs by these means has not been inconsiderable.

The Calcutta International Exhibition of 1883-84 has done much towards the study of indigenous drugs. Credit is due to


text:
Page:Indian Medicinal Plants (Text Part 1).djvu/68

lx Mr. T. N. Mukerjee and Sir George Watt, who spared no pains to make the Exhibition of indigenous drugs as complete as possible. The Dictionary of the Economic Products of India, originally projected by Mr. Mukherji, but subsequently completed by Dr. G. Watt, contains informations from all possible sources, as to the uses and properties of indigenous drugs.

"The only way to illumine the whole field 01 native therapeutics," wrote an intelligent foreigner, "is to survey it in small tracts and sift the value of those drugs peculiar to each province There is a wide feeling that there is a beneficence in the scheme of nature which provides in every country suitable remedies on the spot for the ill to which humanity is locally most prone. Very little has been done so far to incorporate in the practice of physicians in the country the medicines which in India nature scatters broadcast from her lap."

It is necessary to pass in review the principal works which have advanced our knowledge of the subject. In order to do this, we should take into consideration those works which treat of the drugs of the different provinces of this country. In fact, excluding the "Pharmacopoeia of India," the "Pharmacographica Indica" and Watt's " Dictionary of the Economic Products of India," all the works which have made their appearance deal with drugs and medicinal plants of certain provinces only. For obvious reasons this arrangement is a good one.

I have already stated the great stimulus that was given to the study of the subject by the establishment of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. Calcutta as till recently the Capital of India possessing one of the finest Botanical gardens in the world afforded great facilities for the study of the subject. Roxburgh, Fleming and Royle were the first to write about the medicinal plants and their uses in the Asiatic Researches and the Journal of the Bengal Asiatic Society. But there was no systematic treatise on the


text:
Page:Indian Medicinal Plants (Text Part 1).djvu/69

INTRODUCTION. lxi indigenous drugs of Bengal till the publication of O'Shaugh- nessy's Bengal Dispensatory in 1842. Before the publication of this work, information concerning indigenous drugs was scat- tered in the journals and transactions of several learned societies, which were not easily accessible to all members of the medical profession. Mr. Louis DaCosta wrote in the Journal of the Ben- gal Asiatic Society for May, 1837, " it is a desideratum to know how the natives have treated the subject of medicaments — what of good their books contain— what of error. Our medical prac- tice pays, perhaps, too little attention to vegetable remedies, of which the orientals possess an infinite variety, many inert but many active, and many also quite unknown to Europeans." The Bengal Dispensatory supplied a long-felt want on the subject. This was followed in 1844 by the Bengal Pharmacopoeia. These two works form important landmarks in the literature of indi- genous drugs. They were not free from errors. Even the author acknowledged that his multifarious duties prevented him from bestowing that amount of attention on the subject which its importance demanded. But considering the difficulties he had to contend with, the scanty materials which existed on the literature at his time, I think great credit is due to him for his works. He was one of the pioneers in this field of research. And it should not be forgotten that his Pharmacopoeia of Bengal subsequently formed the groundwork of the Pharmacopoeia of India.

The next work on the " Indigenous drugs of Bengal" is that of Kanay Lai Dey. That gentleman is a well-known authority on the subject. In 1862, for the International Exhibition held in London, he forwarded indigenous drugs chiefly of Bengal. The catalogue of drugs exhibited by him was subsequently pub- lished in book-form at the request of the Inspector-General of Civil Hospitals of Bengal. This work was a decided improve- ment on O'Shaughnessy's Pharmacopoeia and Dispensatory.

No other work on the indigenous drugs of Bengal deserves any notice. Mr. T. N. Mukerji's " Catalogue of Amsterdam Exhibition" is a useful one, but it is principally compiled from the above sources.