text:
Page:New Peterson magazine 1859 Vol. XXXV.pdf/483

453

CABLE

nonusn

1s

Berlin.

BLADS. Other Magazines, indeed, publish only

these foreign patterns. But we add original designs. many of them such as subscribers have requested, and from the popularity which these original designs obtain. we are encouraged to believe that no other Mngazme enJoys such a high reputation for its Work-Table as this.

One of the prettiest things for the Work-Table, which has lately been designed in Paris, is the Oriental Mat, in Berlin wool and beads. Above we give a segment of the pattern, being one

quarter of the whole.

This is divided, it will

be observed, into three divisions. In the entire mat, therefore, there are twelve of these divi sions. These twelve divisions are in six diﬂerent colors. Each division has its opposite one in the some color: thus there are two erimsons, two greys, two yellows, two blues, two browns, and two greens. The leaves have an outline in steel beads, as seen in the cut at the side of this

column, and are ﬁlled in with crystal.

To give

a greater variety to the leaves, the smaller ones may be ﬁlled in with opaque white, and those nearer the edge with the crystal. The ohter scallop may be ﬁnished with loops of beads placed rather close together, overwrapping each other, and in the same chalk beads as those used

for ﬁlling in the leaves. When the work is com pleted, it must be made up on a thin mill-board carefully cut out the same shape. It must be well stretched, and securely fastened down at

the back.

After which it must be lined with

either cloth or ﬁne green hnize. This mat will be found very ornamental, and perfectly easy of execution.

UABLE

BORDER BY

MRS.

JANE

IN

BEADS.

WEAVER.


text:
Page:New Peterson magazine 1859 Vol. XXXV.pdf/482

 TO CROCHET A PAIR OF BLIND TASSELS. BY

MRS. JANE

2

WEAVER.

Murmurs—Two spools white crochet cotton, No. 16, ﬁne hook. Make a ch of 3—join. Work 6 rows in s c, widening enough to keep the work ﬂat. 7th row.—* Make 7 ch,'miss 3—loop this ch—into the next stitch, with a s c stitch *. Repeat all

round the work.

8th row—Same as 7th, only

observing to loop the ch into the centre stitch of every loop made by 7th row. Work 6 rows in this manner. Foa rns Bantam—Do in shell pattern, using 5 dc stitch in every loop, with 6 ch between the shells. Finish the last row of shells with 1 s c, 5 d c, 1 s c to every shell. The length of the border must be determined by the length of

This is an original design.

tassel to be covered.

ORIENTAL BY

MR8. JAN]

is?!

II

M A T.

WEAVER.

iv ‘. f

m

'.la3sst a : “"' a!" Q. t‘ :' '

t.

i

W‘llIIP M,

"suitllil‘miitil.n Lam;

v

As we have observed, often before, we do not i but lay under contribution everything new and conﬁne ourselves entirely to original designs t pretty, that appears either in Paris, London, or 461

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
Page:New Peterson magazine 1859 Vol. XXXV.pdf/481

 4M. vm

450

ORIGINAL

PATTERNS

IN

EMBROIDERY.

him with feelings more worthy than those oftquickness of wit that overmastered her own, gratiﬁed vanity, but he scarcely addressed her i even when it baﬁied her wishes. in words, and he was entirely free from any of i As for Gillian, she blushed like a sudden dawn, those petty arts with which smaller men attempt t and, with unconscious grace, lifted the violets to ingratiate themselves into favor with a young i to her lips, casting a purple shadow over the

and beautiful woman. Indeed he was a man fartsmiles that hovered there. In her whole life above the usual level of society. 3 she had never received a gift which stirred her Perhaps the presence of Mrs. Ransom might E heart so pleasantly. She forgot aunt Hetty— have rendered his conduct, so far as she was the young man of the sidewalk—everything, in concerned, more reserved than was usual to him; the happy bewilderment that fell upon her. for he could not but remark how vigilantly her§ Mrs. Ransom went with her to the outer door, eyes followed his glances whenever they wan- t kissed her with a sweet tenderness of manner,

'dered toward the bright creature by her side. sand stood, with the young man at her side, There was something anxious and almost stern g while the carriage rolled away.

As it swept

in her manner, once or twice when she thus in- 5 round a curve of the road they caught a last tercepted his admiration, which he could not i glimpse of her, leaning back in the carriage and understand. holding the violets to her lips—the violets over At last Gillian arose to go; for, from the ﬁrst, ‘ which a soft, low sigh passed—giving and taking she had felt almost like an intruder. Mrs. Ran- perfume as the horses swept her away from the

som did not urge her stay, but arose and walked t spot that had been to her the paradise of on with her toward the door.

Woodworth smiled.

g hour.

He was too thorough a‘

“And who is she?" inquired Woodworth, as

man of society to be baﬁlcd in this way; and, z his eyes met those of Mrs. Ransom, which were seeing some wild ﬂowers on the table where Mrs. i all at once clouded with sadness.

Ransom had cast them down, he took up a few; “She is—she is an angel—a good, bright of the violets and handed them to Gillian, smil- i angel, that keeps me from wishing to die,” said ing half maliciously in Julia Ransom’s face, as ‘ Julia, and her sad eyes swam in tears.

he lifted his head from the profound inclination

“She must be to excite such emotions in a

that had accompanied the gift. Eheart like yours,” answered the young man; Mrs. Ransom frowned, but instantly a smile E and, with the tact born of perfect reﬁnement,

crossed her lip at being thus outgeneraled: for l he left; Julia to solitude. she was a woman to forgive, nay, admire, the? (TO BE cos'rmnno.) 1W”

ORIGINAL

PATTERNS

»’

IN

EMBROIDERY.

FOR BOTTOM Oh“ DRAWERS

EMBROIDERY FOR FLANNEL.


text:
Page:The Next Naval War - Eardley-Wilmot - 1894.djvu/31

 of the French demand, and directed the orders to be sent to the ports I mentioned at the outset, and desired them to consider what were the operations that should be undertaken.

Seeing what had been accomplished every summer for some years past in mobilising a large fleet for the annual manœuvres, and observing that with a few exceptions and breakdowns we were able to practically double our squadron in home waters within forty-eight hours, it was hoped on this occasion there would be no difficulty in producing a like result. But it was soon seen that this was no true criterion of our preparedness, for on those occasions, with the date well known, this evolution had been the special care of the dockyards for months previously. The manœuvres over, vessels that had participated in them were put aside, reports of officers in command as to urgent requirements were unheeded, while all energies were directed towards pushing on the new constructions, so as to show how rapidly a modern battle-ship could be produced. Though by dint of considerable pressure on the War Office the ammunition for all vessels in the reserve had been provided, it was not kept in a convenient locality and had to be transported in lighters. A sufficient number of these with due warning could be hired, and it had been a novel sight in years previously to see a dozen ships taking in their powder alongside the dockyard simultaneously. But to send such an order without


text: Voice of Flowers/He Told his Love in Flowers


text: Voice of Flowers/The Disobedient Pansy

title: Voice of Flowers/The Disobedient Pansy


text: Voice of Flowers/The Lobelia Cardinalis

title: Voice of Flowers/The Lobelia Cardinalis


text:
Page:The Next Naval War - Eardley-Wilmot - 1894.djvu/32

 notice and at another time of the year, was to find those responsible for this important part of naval equipment quite unprepared. Indeed, when the port admirals on receipt of the order to mobilise sent urgent demands for powder and projectiles, the ordnance store officers declared themselves unable to move until proper requisitions from headquarters had been received, and arrangements could be made for transport. Then the anomalous condition which places the most essential portion of a ship's fighting capacity under military control was apparent. True both services use powder, and in theory a common store is economical, but why should not the Navy supply boots on the same reasoning to soldiers and sailors? Anyhow, here was the first cause of delay, and the red tape barrier was only overcome by the energetic action of one admiral, who at once sent an officer of his staff to assume command of the depôt, while another was despatched to hire all the lighters in the port. He remembered the procedure of Sir Edmund Lyons when he had to make arrangements for the landing in the Crimea, and the shock caused in the official mind by his prompt dealings at Constantinople with owners of necessary stores. But a little irregularity on these occasions wonderfully facilitates the movement of a fleet or army. It was found so now, for in a few hours twenty lighters had been found, loaded and despatched to the vessels fitting out.


text:
The Robe of Grass

HERE lies the woven garb he wore Of grass he gathered by the shore
 * Whereon the phantom waves still fret and foam

And sigh along the visionary sand. "Where is he now?" you cry. "What desolate land
 * Gleams round him in dull mockery of home?"

You knew him by the robe he cast About him, grey and worn at last.
 * "It fades," you murmur, "changes, lives and dies.

Why has he vanished? Whither is he fled? And is there any light among the dead?
 * Can any dream come singing where he lies?"

Ah peace! lift up your clouded eyes, Nor where this curious relic lies
 * Grope in the blown dust for the print of feet.

Dim, twittering, ghastly sounds are these; but he Laughs now as ever, still aloof and free,
 * Eager and wild and passionate and fleet.

Because he has dropped the part he played, Shall love be baffled and dismayed?
 * Let the frail earth and all its visions melt,

And let the heart that loves, the eye that sees, Seek him amid immortal mysteries,
 * For lo, he dwells where he has ever dwelt.

title: The Robe of Grass


text: Talk:The Robe of Grass

title: Talk:The Robe of Grass


text:
Page:The Next Naval War - Eardley-Wilmot - 1894.djvu/33

 Then a new difficulty arose. Orders had been received to fill up the crews of the coastguard ships and commission every vessel in the reserve. There was now found a considerable dearth of men. The coastguard, a most efficient force of about 4000 men, could only be drawn upon to a small extent, because to them was entrusted the important duty of working the signal stations which we had established all round the coast of the United Kingdom. This was an invaluable piece of organisation, because it enabled the appearance of any vessel to be flashed to all parts. The efficiency depended, however, upon the men at these places being able, not only to distinguish between a merchant ship and a man-of-war, and to detect the latter if disguised, but to know by appearance the nationality of an approaching cruiser. The experience of the coastguard men made them adepts at recognising their own vessels, and being furnished with photographs of foreign war vessels they could identify any hostile cruiser. Clearly their places could not be taken by landsmen, as had been proposed, or even seafaring people without experience. Hence the coastguard could not be sent afloat in any numbers.

The Naval Reserve was called out, but no one knew where they were coming from, or in what numbers. As they mostly belonged to the principal steamers, the owners regarded with dismay their vessels depleted of men. The slow steamers


text:
Page:TASJ-1-3.djvu/56

From Yedo, Niigata may be reached by two different roads, both of which follow for the first part the Nakasendô, the one as far as Takasaki, and the other up to Oïwake, which is 12 ri farther on. From Takasaki the first road branches off N. over the Mikuni pass to Niigata. At Oïwake the Nakasendô itself bends to the S. while the Hokkok’kaidô, as it is called, runs W. to the borders of the Province of Echigo, and so reaches Niigata.

Both roads running together up to Takasaki, a short description of this part of the Nakasendô may first be given.

The annexed itinerary gives the distances of the several villages between Yedo and Takasaki, between which a daily coach is running, leaving each place in summer time at 5 a.m. arriving at 7 p.m. at the other, so that the trip is made in 14 hours.

title: Page:TASJ-1-3.djvu/56


text:
Loeb Classical Library/L024N/Copyright

First published September 1912

Printed in Great Britain

title: Loeb Classical Library/L024N/Copyright


text:
Loeb Classical Library/L024N/Introduction to Apostolic Fathers I

INTRODUCTION

T HE name of “Apostolic Fathers” is so firmly established by usage that it will certainly never be abandoned; but it is not altogether a satisfactory title for the collection of writings to which it is given. It means that the writers in question may be supposed to have had personal knowledge of some of the Apostles, but not actually to have belonged to their number. Thus, for instance, Clement and Hermas are reckoned as disciples of St. Paul, and Polycarp as a disciple of St. John. It is not, however, always possible to maintain this view: Barnabas, to whom one of these writings is ascribed, was not merely a disciple of the Apostles, but belonged to their actual number, and the Didache claims in its title to belong to the circle of “the Twelve.” It should also be noted that the title does not represent any ancient tradition: there are no traces of any early collection of “Apostolic Fathers,” and each of them has a separate literary history.

There is very little important difference in the text of any of the more recent editions; but various discoveries of new MSS. and versions enable the text to be improved in detail from time to time. This is especially the case with I Clement and Hermas.

For the purposes of the present publication the text has been revised, but it has not been possible to give critical notes unless the evidence was so balanced that more than one reading was carable of defence.


text:
Page:The Next Naval War - Eardley-Wilmot - 1894.djvu/34

 and sailing ships, which were likely to lay up in war, carried few, if any, reserve men. It was seen that we had been trusting to a broken reed in our system for manning a large fleet at prompt notice. A week had elapsed before even 5000 of these men had reached the ports, and having never served in a man-of-war they had not only to be instructed in the most elementary routine duties, but it was a week before they could find their way about the ships to which they were sent.

We have, however, a force which can always be relied upon. When Louis Philippe instituted many years ago a parliamentary inquiry to compare the French and English Navies, before which the most distinguished officers were examined, their general opinion was that in personnel and matériel the Navy of their country was equal to, if not superior, to that of England. But they said "that country has a force which no other possesses. It is unique and of inestimable value to the Navy. It is the marines." When again, fifty years ago, we fitted out a large experimental squadron, and seamen could not be obtained, marines completed the crews, and no more efficient squadron had been seen afloat since the old wars. We now found once more in this body the only reliable reserve we possessed. In six hours from the order 6000 marines were embarked and settled down to their places as if they had never been on shore. I may remark in passing that as a result of the war the


text:
Loeb Classical Library/L024N/Contents

CONTENTS

title: Loeb Classical Library/L024N/Contents


text:
Page:The Next Naval War - Eardley-Wilmot - 1894.djvu/35

 marines became more firmly knitted to the Navy. Certain excrescences were removed. They were placed entirely under the admirals at the different ports, and their principal training was in gunnery afloat rather than in taking part in field days under the general of the district. Their uniform was assimilated more to their connection with the sea, and blue became its predominant colour. The officers lost all desire to be considered a part of the land forces, and took up their new duties afloat with enthusiasm. The only difference between them and the naval executive was that they represented a later entry into the service.

It may be imagined what excitement prevailed throughout the country when it was known that war had actually been declared. I shall not attempt to depict the scene at the War Office and Admiralty. It was simply chaos. Has it not been stated of Moltke that on a similar occasion he was found reading a novel, and on surprise being expressed at his being so engaged he said, "The great work of preparation now ceases; we have to see the result of our labours?" There was no such spirit in Pall Mall or at Whitehall. Many things that had been suggested as necessary, but put off, had now to be taken up. One department besieged the other with inquiries, demands and requisitions. In addition, telegrams from the coast came pouring in. The military, having been entrusted with the safety of our harbours, had provided an elaborate


text:
Page:Travels in West Africa, Congo Français, Corisco and Cameroons (IA travelsinwestafr00kingrich).pdf/781

 tured. Legs slightly suffused with reddish; middle femora slightly, and hind femora considerably, thickened; hind legs much longer than the others and hind tarsi clothed with a blackish pubescence.

One specimen.

Allied to the Indian P. punctata, Fabr.

Long. corp. 26 millim.; exp. al. 53 millim.; lat. al, ant. 9 millim.

Female,—Rufo-testaceous, slightly pubescent; occiput, antennæ, legs, and especially the sides of the face, slightly more yellowish; eyes slightly emarginate in front just above the antennae, below the antennæ they are nearly parallel, or very slightly incurved. Antennæ pubescent, about 50-jointed joints three and four annular, joint five the longest, the remainder cylindrical, hardly longer than bread in the middle, and gradually tapering and lengthening towards the extremity, the last conical; tips of mandibles black; ocelli very large, filling up the space between the eyes on the vertex, black, except extreme front of the frontal ocellus beneath, and the outer sides of the two hinder ocelli. Thorax and abdomen very finely and closely punctured; mesothorax with two converging lines slightly yellower than the ground-colour, but only carinated at the lateral borders; metathorax also with a middle carina. Abdomen very large, raised, and somewhat compressed laterally. Hind legs longer than the others; all the tibia armed with a pair of terminal spines. Wings rather broad, yellowish hyaline, more strongly tinged with yellow at the base and along the costal area of the hind wings, and towards the tip a little smoky, especially on the hind wings. Nervures rufous along the costa and towards the inner margin; otherwise blackish. Anterior wings with three bullæ—one on the lower curve of the cell near its extremity, one on the recurrent nervule, and the third on the cross-nervule running upwards from the extremity of the internal nervule.

The Ophionidæ of Africa are rather numerous, but very few have yet been described.


text:
Page:The Next Naval War - Eardley-Wilmot - 1894.djvu/36

 system of defence by submarine mines, which necessitated the greatest precaution in going in and out. It had been wittily remarked there would be in time of war more risk to our vessels entering their own harbours than in approaching those of the enemy. This was now realised, for on intimation from the War Office that the ports were to be placed in a state of defence, mines were laid in all the channels, and a dockyard tug coming into Portsmouth Harbour, from a short cruise to warn friendly vessels of the condition of affairs, had first been diverted from her course by the persistent glare of a search light, and then ran against a loaded mine, which resulted in her being blown up with all hands. This led to some angry discussion between the admiral and general. The latter said that being responsible for the safety of the port he must exercise his own discretion as to when and where mines were placed. Vessels should wait outside until they could be conducted in by a corps of pilots he was organising. It was suggested that such a delay might be of value to an enterprising enemy, and the admiral stated with emphasis that the despatch of reinforcements to the fleet with promptitude depended upon his having full control of the immediate waters of the port.

There was no alternative but to refer the matter to headquarters, and the attempt was made to define the responsibility of each service. This, on going into the matter thoroughly, was found to be


text:
Page:The Next Naval War - Eardley-Wilmot - 1894.djvu/37

 hopeless. The First Lord plainly declared that unless the admiral was supported he must ask to be relieved of his office, and the Prime Minister, seeing the urgency of the case, directed that the supreme control should be vested in the naval authority. This was nowhere received with greater satisfaction than at the ports, for in the meantime the generals in command had arrived at a sense of the anomalous position in which they had been placed. Men had been allotted to complete the manning of the forts, but they had not the slightest idea of what constituted friends or foes. They could be with difficulty restrained from firing at everything that approached. At the request of the officers in command a naval party was sent to each fort who could pronounce upon the character of every craft that came near. It was found that forts, lights and submarine mines could be efficiently worked as a single organisation, but under dual control it must result in chaos and probably disaster. Barely a year before the French Minister of War had pointed this out in the Chamber, and every other nation had adopted the policy we now found essential. But such a change cannot be perfected in a few hours, and the enemy was not blind to experience of the past, which had always found us unready in the early stages of a conflict. He knew that give us time and all these defects would disappear. Everything depended on striking immediate blows. These were about to fall.


text:
Loeb Classical Library/L025N/Copyright

First published September 1913

Printed in Great Britain

title: Loeb Classical Library/L025N/Copyright


text:
Loeb Classical Library/L025N/Contents

CONTENTS

title: Loeb Classical Library/L025N/Contents


text:
Page:Travels in West Africa, Congo Français, Corisco and Cameroons (IA travelsinwestafr00kingrich).pdf/782

style=font-size: 90%;|hanging-indent=2em|

Evania lavigata, Latr. Gen, Crust. Ins. iii. p. 251 (1807).

The species of this curious genus, though rare in England, are common in many countries, and are believed to be parasitic on cockroaches.

style=font-size: 90%;|hanging-indent=2em|

Formica maculata, Fabr. Spec. Ins. i, p. 491, n. 15 (1781).

A common African species.

style=font-size: 90%;|hanging-indent=2em|

Formica virescens, Fabr. Syst. Ent. p. 392, n. 9 (1775).

These green ants are found throughout the tropics of the Old World, and form their nests of leaves on trees.

style=font-size: 90%;|hanging-indent=2em|

Anomura molesta, Gerst. Mon. Akad, Wiss. Berl. 1858, p. 262; Peters's Reise Mossamb., Zool. v. p. 562, pl. xii. fig. 2 (1862).

A species originally described from Mozambique.

style=font-size: 90%;|hanging-indent=2em|

Sphex spirifex, Linn. Syst. Nat. (ed. x.) i. p. 570, n. 8 (1758).

A widely distributed species in South Europe and Africa.


text:
Loeb Classical Library/L024N/Introduction to I Clement (Lake)

THE APOSTOLIC FATHERS

THE FIRST EPISTLE OF CLEMENT TO THE CORINTHIANS

 writing which has always been known by this name is clearly, from internal evidence, a letter sent by the church of Rome to the church of Corinth in consequence of trouble in the latter community which had led to the deposition of certain Presbyters. The church of Rome writes protesting against this deposition, and the partizanship which has caused it.

The actual name of the writer is not mentioned in the letter itself: indeed, it clearly claims to be not the letter of a single person but of a church. Tradition, however, has always ascribed it to Clement, who was, according to the early episcopal lists, 1 the third or fourth bishop of Rome during the last decades of the first century. There is no reason for rejecting this tradition, for though it is not supported by any corroborative evidence in its favour there is nothing whatever against it.

Nothing certain is known of Clement; but from the amount of pseudepigraphic literature attributed to him it is probable that he was a famous man in his own time. Tradition has naturally identified him with the Clement who is mentioned in Philippians iv. 3. A Clement is also mentioned in the Shepherd of Hermas, Vis. ii. 4,3, in which it is stated that it was his duty to write to other churches. This certainly points to a Clement in Rome exercising the same functions as the writer of I. Clement; but Hermas is probably somewhat later than I. Clement, and the reference may be merely a literary device based on knowledge of the earlier book.

More complicated and more interesting are suggestions that Clement may be identified or at least connected with Titus Flavius Clemens, a distinguished Roman of the imperial Flavian family. This Titus Flavius Clemens was in 95 accused of treason or impiety (ἀθεότης) by Domitian, his cousin, owing, according to Dio Cassius, to his Jewish proclivities. He was put to death and his wife, Domitilla, was banished. There is no .proof that he was really a Christian, but one of the oldest catacombs in Rome is supposed to have belonged to Domitilla, and certainly was connected with this family. It is not probable that T. Flavius Clemens was the writer of I. Clement, but it is an attractive and not improbable hypothesis that a slave or freedman of the Flavian family had the name of Clemens, and held a high position in the Christian community at Rome.

The date of I Clement is fixed by the following considerations. It appears from chapter 5 to be later than the persecution in the time of Nero, and from chapters 42-44 it is clear that the age of the apostles is regarded as past. It can therefore scarcely be older than 75-80 On the other hand chapter 44 speaks of presbyters who were appointed by the apostles and were still alive, and there is no trace of any of the controversies or persecutions of the second century. It is therefore probably not much later than 100 If it be assumed that chapter 1, which speaks of trouble and perhaps of persecution, refers to the time of Domitian, it can probably be dated as c. 96 ; but we know very little about the alleged persecution in the time of Domitian, and it would not be prudent to decide that the epistle cannot be another ten or fifteen years later. It is safest to say that it must be dated between 75 and 110 ; but within these limits there is a general agreement among critics to regard as most probable the last decade of the first century.

The evidence for the text of the epistle is as follows:—

The Codex Alexandrinus, a Greek uncial of the fifth century in the British Museum, contains the whole text with the exception of one page. It can be consulted in the photographic edition of the whole codex published by the Trustees of the British Museum.

The Codex Constantinopolitanus, a Greek minuscule written by Leo the Notary in 1056 and discovered by Bryennius in Constantinople in 1875; it also contains the second epistle of Clement, the epistle of Barnabas, the Didache, and the interpolated text (see pp. 167 ff.) of the epistles of Ignatius. A photographic edition of the text is given in Lightfoot’s edition of Clement.

The Syriac version, extant in only one MS. written in 1169 and now in the Library of Cambridge University (MS. add. 1700); the date of this version is unknown, but it is probably not early, and may perhaps best be placed in the eighth century. A collation is given in Lightfoot’s edition, and the text has been published in full by R. H. Kennett (who took up the material of the late Prof. Bensley) in The Epistles of St. Clement to the Corinthians in Syriac, London, 1899.

The Latin version, also extant in only one MS. which formerly belonged to the Monastery of Florennes, and is now in the Seminary at Namur. The MS. was probably written in the eleventh century, but the version which it represents is extremely ancient. It seems to have been used by Lactantius, and may perhaps be best regarded as a translation of the late second or early third century made in Rome. The text was published in 1894 by Dom Morin in Anecdota Maredsolana vol. 2 as S. Clementis Romani ad Corinthios versio latina antiquissima.

The Coptic version is extant in two MSS ., neither complete, in the Akhmimic dialect. The older and better preserved is MS. orient, fol. 3065 in the Konigliche Bibliothek in Berlin. This is a beautiful Papyrus of the fourth century from the famous ‘White monastery’ of Shenute. It was published in 1908 by C. Schmidt in Texte and Untersuchungen, xxxii. 1 as Der erste Clemensbrief in altkoptischer Übersetzung. The later and more fragmentary MS. is in Strassburg and was published in 1910 by F. Rösch as Bruchstücke des I Clemenshriefes; it probably was written in the seventh century.

Besides these MSS. and Versions exceptionally valuable evidence is given by numerous quotations in the Stromateis of Clement of Alexandria (flor. c. 200 ). It is noteworthy that I. Clement appears to be treated by Clement of Alexandria as Scripture, and this, especially in connection with its position in the codex Alexandrinus and in the Strassburg Coptic MS., where it is directly joined on to the canonical books, suggests that at an early period in Alexandria and Egypt I Clement was regarded as part of the New Testament.

The relations subsisting between these authorities for the text have not been finally established, but it appears clear that none of them can be regarded as undoubtedly superior to the others, so that any critical text is necessarily eclectic. At the same time there is very little range of variation, and the readings which are in serious doubt are few, and, as a rule, unimportant.

The symbols employed in quoting the textual evidence are as follows:—

A = Codex Alexandrinus.

C = Codex Constantinopolitanus.

L = Latin Version.

S = Syriac Version.

K = Coptic Version (Kb = the Berlin MS., Ks = the Strassburg MS.).

Clem = Clement of Alexandria.

 1 See Harnack, Chronologie, i. pp. 70-230.