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]

"8. Here, again, we have a very singular condition: the calyx and corolla separated from each other, the stamens partly developed, the axis continued beyond the corolla, branched and bearing normal leaves so as exactly to resemble an ordinary stem, while in consequence of the calyx and corolla being bent down to the ground, adventitious roots were developed from the axis on the under side above each of them. In another case, where the calyx and corolla were approximated, the ovary was open above and sent out six shoots from within, perfectly developed, clearly representing the central placenta and five axile buds, and each giving out a number of adventitious roots at its base."

.—I have this year gathered two species of willow, namely, Salix fusca and S. aurita, in which a gradual transformation of stamens into pistils, that is, male into female flowers, is apparent. The normal state of the plants we know is dioicous. The bushes of S. aurita from which my specimens were collected, grow at the south end of the Gillbrook, in a very moist, boggy place, and altogether spread over some four or five square yards. All the catkins are more or less hermaphrodite, from those fully developed to those just emerging from the protective scales. There are many bushes of the female plant growing near, which present no unnatural variation. A careful examination has enabled me to select a long series (nearly thirty) of different condition, showing the stages of metamorphosis from one extreme to the other. It appears from these, that the change is very various in its character and extent in individual flowers; almost all, however, range themselves under one of the forms mentioned below. No change was perceptible in the scale or gland.

1. Filaments distinct, one bearing an ordinary anther, the other having at its summit an ovarium, sometimes with, and sometimes without, a small mass of pollen on one side, in either case containing ovules of less than the ordinary size. The anther-bearing filament withers away.

2. Filaments united in the lower portion, dividing about two-thirds up into two arms, each bearing a small ovarium instead of an anther; one of these when more developed is grey and silky, and in shape resembles the ordinary lanceolate germen or carpel. Its fellow apparently does not enlarge. Ovules contained. The stigmas dark brown.

3. Filaments united through their whole length, short and thick, surmounted by a downy green ovarium, cleft from the apex half or two-thirds of the way down. On the inner face of one side pollen is sometimes seen. There is perhaps in this form more appearance of the union or cohesion of two ovaries in their lower portion, than of actually being one and cleft as stated above.

4. Filaments united at the base, one stamen is transformed into an ovarium, the other is not enlarged, but terminates in a kind of stigma.—F. M. Webb in Naturalists' Scrap Book.

.—In the Annals of Natural History the Rev. W. A. Leighton describes and figures three species of lichens new to this country. They are named respectively Thelocarpon Laureri, Lecidea Caradocensis, and L. Friesii. The first was found on a decorticated larch rail at Middleton, in Shropshire. The second has been found in Shropshire, Herefordshire and Leicestershire, on oak palings, &c., and third on old oak trees and stumps in Cleveland, Yorkshire.

(Geaster hygrometricus)—The Rev. H. H. Higgins exhibited a specimen of this curious fungus at a meeting of the Liverpool Literary and Philosophical Society, Nov. 14. It had been recently found on a bank at Rainhill, growing upon a portion of a decayed root of a birch tree. It was remarked that all the larger species of earth stars, or starry puff balls, were uncommon. This constitutes the fourth species of Geaster found in the neighbourhood of Liverpool.—The Reader.

?—Fossils are the actual remains of animals and vegetables, or other certain indications of their existence, found on examining the rocks of which the earth's crust is made up. The time has been in the history of science when the presence of the shells of marine animals, or the teeth or bones of quadrupeds or fishes in rocks, has been actually denied, despised, or explained away. When, indeed, the number of recorded examples of such fragments was few, and the places where they were found distant, this mode of escaping from a great difficulty in natural history was thought fair and reasonable; but now that almost every limestone, and a large proportion of all sandstones, clays, and gravels, are found to multiply evidence on the subject; when the microscope is daily discovering fresh proof of the former existence of life in every direction; and when no country is without large and remarkable collections of strange and unfamiliar forms of various animals, obtained, not from the species actually living now in the country, but from the soil and rock beneath man's feet; it would be folly to waste time in proving the interest and importance of a subject so brought home to the senses. We now regard it as an admitted fact that almost every rock contains some fossils, and it remains only to consider what are the conditions in which these occur, the kind of animals or vegetables to which they belong, the


text:
Page:Journal of the Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society. (IA mobot31753002848262).pdf/107

Atlas Ichthyologique des Indes Orientales Néêrlandaises. 9 Vols: 1862—1878.

Fishes (Teleostei).

Fishes. Cambridge Nat: Hist: Vol. VII. 1904.

Catalogue of Malayan Fishes. Jour: A. S. Bengal. 1849.

Dictionary of the Malay language. Parts I-V. 1894—1902.

Fauna of British India. Fishes. 2 Vols: 1889.

Die Fische der Malayischen Halbinsel. 1904.

Study of Fishes. 1880.

The Migrations of Fish. 1916.

Fishes of Australia and their Technology. 1916.

Fishery resources of the Phillipines. (Philippine Jour. Science. 1908).

Fishes of Australia. 1906.

Edible Fishes of New South Wales. 1908.

A brief review of the Fisheries of New South Wales. 1910.

Fish and Fisheries of New South Wales. 1882.

. The Fishes of the Indo-Australian Archipelago. 3 Vols: 1911—1913.

Malay-English Dictionary. 2 Vols: 1901.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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 When Catullus satirized him, the hero disarmed the satirist by cordially inviting him to supper, as if in recognition of an act of friendship.

Possibly the pains which spring from a high degree of sensitiveness, are the meet alloy to the intense pleasures that emanate from the possession of glorious gifts, and thus Sensitiveness may be the fitting attendant of Greatness; but to lesser minds we dare venture to say, struggle against a morbid sensibility until your claims to Genius entitle you to pardon for the weaknesses of Genius.

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text: Journal of the Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society/Volume 84/Authors consulted


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{| border="1" cellspacing="0"

 * Anding.
 * See Bělanak. Grey Mullets. Fam..
 * Anjang-anjang
 * (Blkr. Andjong-andjong).
 * Anjang-anjang
 * (Blkr. Andjong-andjong).

Pentapus caninus.

(R. M.) Scolopsis ghanam.

Grunters. Fam. .
 * Aruan
 * (Dun.). Ophiocephalus quchua
 * (Dun.). Ophiocephalus quchua

lucius.

(Dun. C. D.). striatus.

The Murrel of Northern India.

The "Murrel." Fam. .
 * Aruan tasek
 * (Dun. D. R.). Elacate nigra.
 * (Dun. D. R.). Elacate nigra.

Mackerel. Fam. .
 * Asoh-asoh
 * (R.). Lethrinus nebulosus.
 * (R.). Lethrinus nebulosus.

Sea-Bream. Fam. SPARIDAE.
 * Ayam
 * (Blkr. Hajam). Monacanthus choerocephalus.
 * (Blkr. Hajam). Monacanthus choerocephalus.

hajam.

Balistes stellatus.

Leather-jackets. Fam. BALISTIDAE.
 * Ayer. Ayer-ayer
 * (Cliff.). "The name of a sea-fish " Thynnus thunnina C. V. The Tunny or Tuna.
 * (Cliff.). "The name of a sea-fish " Thynnus thunnina C. V. The Tunny or Tuna.

The name "Ayer" is used on the East coast of the Malay Peninsula, and Tongkol elsewhere.

Mackerel. Fam. SCOMBRIDAE.
 * Babi.
 * Holacanthus spp.
 * Holacanthus spp.

So called from the shape of the head and the presence of a spine considered to resemble a pig's tusk.

Coral-Fishes. Fam. CHAETODONTIDAE.
 * Bagat.
 * Caranx sp.
 * Caranx sp.

Horse-Mackerel. Fam. CARANGIDAE.
 * Bagok.
 * Arius sp. Cat-fish. Fam. SILURIDAE.
 * Baji-baji
 * (D. R.). Platycephalus tuberculatus.
 * Baji-baji
 * (D. R.). Platycephalus tuberculatus.

macracanthus.

(R. M.). punctatus.

Flat-heads. Fam. PLATYCEPHALIDAE.
 * Bakap
 * (Unid.). Cat-fish family. SILURIDAE.
 * Bakok or Bangkok.
 * q.v.
 * }
 * q.v.
 * }
 * }


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Page:Library of the World's Best Mystery and Detective Stories Vol.5 (1907).djvu/165

 "There you are!" he was saying to Psyekoff; "there you are! A noble by birth! a rich man—a favorite of the gods, you may say, as Pushkin has it, and what did he come to? He drank and dissipated and—there you are—he's murdered."

After a couple of hours the examining magistrate drove up. Nicholas Yermolaïyevitch Chubikoff—for that was the magistrate's name—was a tall, fleshy old man of sixty, who had been wrestling with the duties of his office for a quarter of a century. Everybody in the district knew him as an honest man, wise, energetic, and in love with his work. He was accompanied to the scene of the murder by his inveterate companion, fellow worker, and secretary, Dukovski, a tall young fellow of twenty-six.

"Is it possible, gentlemen?" cried Chubikoff, entering Psyekoff's room, and quickly shaking hands with everyone. Is it possible? Marcus Ivanovitch? Murdered? No! It is impossible! Im-poss-i-ble!"

"Go in there!" sighed the inspector.

"Lord, have mercy on us! Only last Friday I saw him at the fair in Farabankoff. I had a drink of vodka with him, save the mark!"

"Go in there!" again sighed the inspector.

They sighed, uttered exclamations of horror, drank a glass of tea each, and went to the wing.

"Get back!" the orderly cried to the peasants. Going to the wing, the examining magistrate began his work by examining the bedroom door. The door proved to be of pine, painted yellow, and was uninjured. Nothing was found which could serve as a clew. They had to break in the door.

"Everyone not here on business is requested to keep away!" said the magistrate, when, after much hammering and shaking, the door yielded to ax and chisel. "I request this, in the interest of the investigation. Orderly, don't let anyone in!"

Chubikoff, his assistant, and the inspector opened the door, and hesitatingly, one after the other, entered the


text:
Author:Dmitri Ivanenko

Works

 * On the derivation of Klein–Fock equation (1926)
 * Note on quantum statistics (1927)

title: Author:Dmitri Ivanenko


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362 the blisters when the trees recover health and vigour; and he mentions a plantation over twenty years old, more or less mixed with beech, on greensand, Where a mumiber of old blisters are gradually becoming occluded. That they were genuine blisters is evident from the remains of the Peziza cups still present, and the only possible theory respecting their disappearance must be found in the improved health of their host. I have frequently observed similar cases, both on my own land, where in some of the worst diseased plantations, individual trees, which on account of their greater vigour have taken a lead from the first, remain almost untouched and growing vigorously, when most of the surrounding trees are killed or severely injured; and also in Hertfordshire, where tall slender larch trees growing amongst beech showed at various points, from near the ground up to 50 or 60 feet, signs of repeated attacks, which had neither killed them nor apparently checked their growth materially. Forbes says that one may pick up dead twigs or branches under the largest, finest, and most isolated larches that can be found, and the fructifications of Peziza are invariably present on them. This fact he thinks is sufficient to prove that the mere existence of the fungus does not necessarily lead to diseased trees, using the term diseased in its practical sense.

The year 1879 will long be remembered by all gardeners, farmers, and landowners in the southern half of England as the most disastrous in its effects on plants, farm crops, and trees generally. There was practically no summer, and the rainfall was so continuous, that in late districts much of the corn never ripened at all, and being followed by two severe winters, the disease spread to a degree which ruined hundreds of acres of young larch on my own estate, and caused a loss which must have amounted to millions of pounds throughout the whole country. Though after bad seasons and in smaller areas there had been disease before, it was generally assumed by planters that larch might be successfully grown on almost any kind of land without mixture, and without any special precautions, and there is little doubt in my mind that a large percentage of the worst cases originated in that season, and may be directly traced to the exceptionally bad climatic conditions which prevailed.

Mr. A. M'Dougal, forester to the Earl of Feversham at Helmsley in Yorkshire, who has charge of something like 10,000 acres of woodland, and, having been brought up on the Duke of Atholl's estate, has had unusual experience of the larch, tells me that in Yorkshire the disease first began to be prevalent about 1862 when two plantations died clean off. Since then it has been very prevalent on thin red loam overlying limestone rock; and this applies as much to localities which have previously been under oak wood, or cultivation, as to those where larch has been replanted after larch. He considers that severe spring frosts, together with lowlying situations and heavy soil, are the conditions which bring on the disease most severely.

Sir W. Thiselton Dyer, who has been good enough to read this article, does not quite agree with me with regard to the disease, which he considers due to physical causes alone, and not influenced by heredity. He says that the fungus is a wound parasite, whose spores can only develop in lesions where the bark is injured either


text: The New York Times/1918/11/11/The New York Times


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364 that many will not survive. In the nursery I have observed that some trees were practically immune, though growing side by side with others whose branches touched them and were covered with the Chermes; but having marked these trees and watched them after they were planted out, I have not as yet been able toraeetiS myself that this immunity is permanent. Though I have not found this insect attack Japanese, American, and Siberian larches at Colesborne as severely as the common species, yet I have seen it upon them all, both there and elsewhere. Blandford says that washing the trees in April with a soft soap and paraffin mixture in hot water may prove effective, and suggests other forms of wash; yet it is evident that such remedies cannot be economically employed in plantations, and I know of no means of preventing the ravages of this insect; though thin planting, mixing with hardwoods, and the avoidance of thin dry soils and damp shady situations are undoubtedly the best means of avoiding severe injury from this pest, as well as Peziza.

Leaf-Miner of the Larch. —The only other insect that I know of which causes serious injury to larch in this country is a small tineid moth, Coleophora laricella. This is extremely prevalent almost every year in some of my own plantations having a south-west aspect, and has been supposed by some authors to be directly connected with the attacks of Peziza, which usually accompany or succeed it. According to Stainton the larva is hatched in the autumn, and at first feeds as a miner inside the leaves, and at the approach of winter retires to the stem of the tree, where it passes the winter without feeding. In the spring as soon as the leaves appear it begins to work, and frequently becomes so numerous that most of the buds have several leaves injured. In May it is fully fed, and attaches the case which it has formed for itself from the leaves of the tree to a twig, and appears as a perfect insect in July. The tree is undoubtedly very much weakened by severe and repeated attacks, which render it more liable to die from Peziza, but as far as I know there is no practicable remedy for it in plantations.

A new enemy to the larch which has recently appeared in the north of England was described in the Journal of the Board of Agriculture in 1906, p. 375, and more fully in a paper by Mr. J. Smith Hill. This is the larva of a sawfly, Nematus Erichsonii, Hartig, which was first noticed about 1904 by Mr. Cyril F. Watson, of Cockermouth, and which has done considerable damage in the Lake district of Cumberland by defoliating the larch. Mr. Gillanders has recently found the larva near Rothbury, and Mr. Forbes in Chopwell woods, but I have not heard of its appearance in the south of England.

I am informed by Mr. R.D. Marshall, of Castlerigg Manor, that he has known periodical visitations of the same insect for several years, and that, owing to the late period of the season at which the larva appears, the trees have not suffered as seriously as they would if attacked earlier. He states that the plantation alluded to by Mr. Smith Hill first suffered from this cause as much as forty years ago, and has survived the attack in three consecutive years recently. It was noticed that during these


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366 They seem to have been drawn up by surrounding trees, though now open on one side: and the fine trees beside them are Lawson Cypress, about fifty years old. At Sherborne House, the seat of Lord Sherborne, is a fine group of six old larches on the lawn, planted in a circle of very small diameter, which seed freely, and from which I have raised good plants. They are remarkable for their symmetry and equality rather than for their great size (Plate 99). At Mickleton Manor I measured in 1903 a very curious larch, 104 feet in girth, but of no great height, whose branches spread to a distance of over twenty yards from the trunk. Plate 100 shows the tallest larches which I have measured myself in England, growing on a very dry, stony bank, composed of Oolite gravel, at Lyde, near Colesborne. These have no doubt been drawn up by the surrounding beeches to their great height, which exceeds 120 feet, the tallest, whose top is now dying, was, when measured in 1903, about 125 feet; but their girth is only 7 to 8 feet. They are remarkable from the fact that a part at least of their roots is under water, and must derive some part of their nourishment from the decaying beech leaves which accumulate there, as the trees higher up the bank are not nearly so large.

The tallest larch mentioned by Loudon in England was at Strathfieldsaye, where one was recorded as being 130 feet high by 3 feet 6 inches in diameter; but none over 80 feet were reported at the Conifer Conference in 1891. At Eridge Park, Kent, are some very fine larch trees growing on sandy soil, in what seems a damp situation below sandstone rocks, which average well over 100 feet in height, and one which I measured was 115 feet by only 5 feet 3 inches, a very unusual proportion of height to girth, Mr. R. Anderson has heard of a tree which was felled near Moorhampton which contained 356 cubic feet as measured over bark on the railway, and trees of over 200 cubic feet were not uncommon near this place. At Savernake House, Wilts, he has measured a tree 12 feet in girth, and tells me that the growth on this estate is sometimes so rapid that eight or nine rings may be found together with an average width of half an inch.

In the north-western counties there are, or have been, many very fine larches. Sir Maurice Bromley Wilson tells me of two on the shores of Windermere, which he thinks are the largest in the Lake district; but the best I have seen myself are at Greystoke Castle, the seat of the Howards of Greystoke, where Lady Mabel Howard showed me a tree in a plantation near the castle called John-by-Park, which is believed to have been planted by Charles, eleventh Duke of Norfolk, about 130 years ago, and which measured 11 feet 10 inches at 5 feet from the ground, and contains about 230 cubic feet. There are also two trees, taller but not so thick as the one at Greystoke, in the sunken garden at Lowther Castle in the same district.

In Wales the larch has been planted as extensively as in England on most of the large estates, and as a rule grows as well as, or better than, in England up to 800 or 1000 feet above the sea. Among the most remarkable trees are two at Chirk Castle, Denbighshire, the seat of R. Myddelton, Esq., one of which measures 74 feet by 13 feet 5 inches, and has very wide-spreading branches. The other forks low down and is 12½ feet in girth, At Maesllwch Castle, Radnorshire, the seat of


text: The New York Times/1918/11/11/Editorial

title: The New York Times/1918/11/11/Editorial


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PASSING word, mere sounding breath, how light its import seems! how "big with fate" it often proves! Not alone words that are the voice of daily thoughts, but words that are only the utterance of a transient emotion, forgotten soon as felt; words that are but an idly spoken impulse melt not away with the air that holds them, but assume mysterious shapes of good. or evil, to influence and haunt the hearer's life.

These passing words are seed scattered perchance by liberal, perchance by inconsequent hands; though lightly, unpremeditatedly dropped, if they fall upon receptive minds, upon open, fertile soils, they strike vigorous roots, germinate in silence and darkness, and, before we know that they are planted, bring forth grapes or thistles. Blessed are they whose paths on earth may be tracked by the good seed sown in passing words!

A passing word of truth may be likened to an ostrich egg chance-laid in sand. Warmed by the sun alone, without the help of brooding wings, untended and unwatched, the noble bird bursts, in

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368 (vol. v.), which is largely quoted by Loudon, it is said that Mr. Menzies of Migenny was the introducer, and Walker gives 1727 as the date of their introduction. When measured in 1831, Loudon says that the largest was 100 feet by 10 feet 6 inches at 5 feet from the ground. In 1888, according to the tablet mentioned above, it was 102 feet high, and girthed at 3 feet 17 feet 2 inches, at 5 feet 15 feet 1 inch, at 17 feet 12 feet 10½ inches, at 51 feet 8 feet 8 inches, and at 68 feet 6 feet 1 inch, the estimated contents being 532 cubic feet. When measured by Mr. Keir, forester to the Duke, in 1899 it was 15 feet 6 inches in girth; and I made it in 1904 15 feet 8 inches and 100 feet high; so it is still growing and vigorous, though the smaller tree beside it has lost most of its top and many of its branches. There are many other fine larches on this estate, of which the largest perhaps, on the Kennel Bank at Dunkeld, is 120 to 125 feet high by 11 feet 10 inches in girth, with sound top and clean bole to 50 to 60 feet, containing about 350 feet of timber. Three trees of the same age as the Mother Larches are growing near the Castle at Blair Atholl, but are not nearly as large or well shaped.

At Gordon Castle there are some fine larches, one of which, growing in a plantation called Cotton Hill, exposed to the full blast of the North Sea, is figured on account of its remarkable trunk (Plate 104). An immense limb comes off close to the ground, where the trunk girths 20 feet 6 inches, and at about 5 feet, where the tape is seen in the plate, it is 11 feet in diameter. The branches spread to at least 15 yards on each side and measured 198 feet in circumference, and the tree in April 1904 was covered with fine cones, which were beginning to shed their seed, and from which I have raised some plants.

At Monzie Castle, near Crieft, are some splendid larches of the same age and origin as those at Dunkeld, of which the largest, according to Hunter, was 100 feet by 16 feet 3 inches, and contained about 380 feet of timber when he wrote in 1883. I have not seen these trees myself, but Henry measured the largest in 1904 as 109 feet by 17 feet 4 inches, and describes them as very beautiful trees with immense pendent branches in full health and vigour. Hunter says that John, fourth Duke of Atholl, called "the Planting Duke," because he is said to have planted over 10,000 acres of larch, considered them to be the only rivals to the Mother Larches at Dunkeld, and sent his gardener every year to report on their progress. They are figured by Michie on p. 205.

At Inveraray there are some very fine larches on the level ground near the Castle. The best that I measured was about 110 feet by 11 feet, but there may be taller ones; none approached the silver firs in the same locality in height or girth. They serve to show, however, that the larch will succeed well in a climate as unlike that of its native mountains as it is possible to find in Scotland, provided the soil is good and there is shelter from the west wind.


text: The New York Times/1918/11/11/Topics of the Times


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370 property in Co. Cork must have been 135 feet in height, as he measured them lying on the ground 120 feet to the small end, where they had been cut off at 6 inches diameter. There are still trees as large growing on the same property. Attempts have been made to plant pure larch on peat-bogs; but even when the bogs have been welldrained and good soil has been added to the pits at the time of planting, the trees have not grown. In such cases a preliminary plantation of Scots pine, or in localities with a mild climate the maritime pine, will prepare the bog for larch, which after a few years can be planted in amongst the pines. The conditions for success in bog-planting are delicate, depending apparently on moderate drainage, as when the bogs are quite dry the trees are starved for want of water, and when they are too wet, trees will hardly grow at all. Mr. Richards, forester at Penrhyn, who has had great experience, is confident that good larch can be grown on peat-bogs; and isolated trees doing well on peat have been seen by Henry in various parts of Ireland. Experiments with larch and various mixtures of trees that will grow easily on bogs should be attempted. The American larch has never been tried, and possibly might succeed better than the common species, as it is a swamp-loving tree.

The most remarkable old larches in Ireland are at Doneraile Court in Cork, the seat of Lord Castletown. The history of these trees, which were seen by Henry in February 1907, is obscure, but there is a tradition that they were sent in the eighteenth century to Doneraile by the Duke of Atholl. Five trees out of six originally planted now remain, all of peculiar habit, with numerous more or less weeping branches, the lowermost of which spread over the ground to a great distance, and in one tree are Jayering. This tree is about 70 feet high, and is 12 feet 7 inches in girth at 5 feet from the ground, the base of the tree below 4 feet being much swollen and covered with very thick bark, like that of old trees in the Alps. On one side the branches spread to 70 feet distance, and on the other side, where there was less room on account of other trees, to 30 feet. Another tree, 10 feet 10 inches in girth, has a spread of 91 feet in diameter. None of them attain more than a moderate height, which is difficult to explain, as ordinary larch grows very tall in the neighbourhood. From the seed of the old trees, sown in 1890, plants were raised, which were put out in 1893 on a hillside, seven acres in extent, and with good soil. This small plantation is now remarkably healthy, though the trees are very dense on the ground, and, at seventeen years old from seed, they average 37 feet in height and 20 inches in girth.

At Carton Park, the seat of the Duke of Leinster, there is a curious tree with the trunk inclined and pendulous branches, which was in 1903 60 feet high and 9 feet in girth. It is considered to be one of the original importations from Scotland in the 18th century. A fine tree in the same place with a Straight stem measured 98 feet by 10½ feet. At Abbeyleix House, the seat of Viscount de Vesci, a tree is growing on the lawn similar to those at Doneraile in having weeping branches, some of which are layering. At Dartrey Castle, Co. Monaghan, the seat of the Earl of Dartrey, there are three very old trees, also with more or less pendent branches, which were in 1903 13 feet 10 inches, 13 feet 8 inches, and 11 feet 7 inches in girth respectively. At Emo Park, Queen's


text: Scientific papers (Vol. 1: 1869-1881)

title: Scientific papers (Vol. 1: 1869-1881)


text: The New York Times/1918/11/11/With Peace Impending


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On the lips of women, at least, let us find spontaneous words of truth, hope, tenderness, praise, guidance! Kind words to their utterance should be familiar as their very breath. The oftener they speak them the more readily they will spring to their tongues, the more naturally they will drop from their lips, until their mouths resemble (at least, to the eyes of angels,) that of the pure-hearted maiden of fairy-tale memory, whose lips let fall diamonds, pearls and flowers, whenever she spoke; for Pascal says: "Kind words have been styled the flowers of existence; they make a paradise of home, however humble it may be; they are the jewelry of the heart, the gems of the domestic circle, the symbols of human life."

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text: Scientific Papers

title: Scientific Papers


text: The New York Times/1918/11/11/Letters

title: The New York Times/1918/11/11/Letters


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title: Page:Poems Osgood.djvu/89


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 A hopeful word; how potent is its holy exorcism! It has drawn down a sudden stream of sunshine into souls that were dungeons of darkness, and by that single heavenly ray, has put to flight the destroying demons of despair.

But oh! a bitter word, impulsively spoken, unremembered an hour after, has it not sunk deep into the hearer's mind, and turned the sweet waters of memory to Marah?

Terrible is the power of a passing word of anger. It has divided hearts that had been "twin as 'twere, in love inseparable;" its fiery breath has forged a flaming sword to guard the Gate of Friendship, that they who walked in the garden of old might never enter more.

A word of idle slander, of thoughtless disparagement, has irretrievably blasted a spotless name, and defiled the pure vesture of Innocence.

A contemptuous word, a word of unsympathizing rebuke, carelessly uttered, has hardened a fallen spirit, and confirmed it in obstinate evil doing. Ever fresh in our remembrance, ever heeded and revered, be the solemn admonition:

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OUNT your blessings! "Mine are soon counted," answers a discontented voice, "I have so few—or, rather, none to count!" And that voice is the echo of how many complaining hearts!

It is startling to note how seldom people are conscious of their actual, indisputable blessings. Not that they are ignored through positive and perverse ingratitude, but partly from sheer want of reflection, partly because custom steals the value from the boon which we habitually receive. And yet, how bountifully those simple daily blessings are showered down upon the poorest, humblest, saddest of us all! And what loud lamentations we send up, to beat against the pearly gates, when the least heeded, the least prized, the very commonest, is denied!

Those who groan under the burden of multiform sorrows, are usually so absorbed in their personal afflictions, that they let the scales God placed in every human hand (to show his benefactions over-weigh man's self-sprung woes) drop from their

title: Page:The Clergyman's Wife.djvu/265


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Template:Tpp/doc

Titled Proper Poem.

Template for poems for personal use (by Alien333, tell me if it messes up or needs to be updated).

This is ppoem except it makes a title, but I also put here in general things I would like for poems. Means I will also use this on not-title pages sometimes.

Use

 * / the title of the poem.
 * / the text of the poem.
 * / and / are passed, respectively, to the first and the last poem delimited by >><<.
 * All the rest is also passed to ppoem.

The full parameter names always take precedence over the abbreviation if both are available.

If and  are not given,  will be assumed to contain the text ( will always be the title).

This aims to factorize formatting, with the title having class .wst-tpp-title and the first words .wst-tpp-first-words.

(This template will not make empty titles or poems.)

Other things:
 * >><< (on its own line) delimits centering, meaning makes the centering of different parts of the poem independent.
 * Relative indents: +[digit]> (at beginning of line) indents the line exactly the length of the line respectively [digit] lines above (for 1 line you can just do +>).
 * ; (at beginning of line, as many as you want) does a reverse indent (opposite of :)
 * _..._ (on its own line, instead of a stanza break): makes a break [number or _'s] lines high

Examples
{	"params": { "1": {			"aliases": [ "title" ],			"label": "Title", "description": "The title to put on top", "type": "content" },		"2": {			"aliases": [ "text" ],			"label": "Text", "description": "The text of the main poem", "type": "content" },		"e": { "aliases": [ "end" ],			"label": "End", "description": "Same as ppoem's end", "example": "stanza", "suggestedvalues": [ "close", "follow", "stanza" ],			"autovalue": "", "type": "string", "default": "close" },		"st": { "aliases": [ "start" ],			"label": "Start", "description": "Same as ppoem's start.", "example": "stanza", "type": "string", "suggestedvalues": [ "open", "stanza", "follow" ],			"default": "open" }	},	"paramOrder": [ "1",		"2",		"e", "st" ] }

title: Template:Tpp/doc


text:
Sir Walter Raleigh to His Son

Three things there be that prosper all apace, And flourish while they are asunder far; But on a day, they meet all in a place, And when they meet, they one another mar.

And they be these; the Wood, the Weed, the Wag: The Wood is that that makes the gallow tree; The Weed is that that strings the hangman's bag; The Wag, my pretty knave, betokens thee.

Now mark, dear boy — while these assemble not, Green springs the tree, hemp grows, the wag is wild; But when they meet, it makes the timber rot, It frets the halter, and it chokes the child.

title: Sir Walter Raleigh to His Son


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Page:Ginzburg - The Legends of the Jews - Volume 1.djvu/32

 appeared only on the fourth day. The light of the first day was of a sort that would have enabled man to see the world at a glance from one end to the other. Anticipating the wickedness of the sinful generations of the deluge and the Tower of Babel, who were unworthy to enjoy the blessing of such light, God concealed it, but in the world to come it will appear to the pious in all its pristine glory.

Several heavens were created, seven in fact, each to serve a purpose of its own. The first, the one visible to man, has no function except that of covering up the light during the night time; therefore it disappears every morning. The planets are fastened to the second of the heavens; in the third the manna is made for the pious in the hereafter; the fourth contains the celestial Jerusalem together with the Temple, in which Michael ministers as high priest, and offers the souls of the pious as sacrifices. In the fifth heaven, the angel hosts reside, and sing the praise of God, though only during the night, for by day it is the task of Israel on earth to give glory to God on high. The sixth heaven is an uncanny spot; there originate most of the trials and visitations ordained for the earth and its inhabitants. Snow lies heaped up there and hail; there are lofts full of noxious dew, magazines stocked with storms, and cellars holding reserves of smoke. Doors of fire separate these celestial chambers, which are under the supervision of the archangel Metatron. Their pernicious contents defiled the heavens until David’s time. The pious king prayed God to purge His exalted dwelling of whatever was pregnant with evil; it was not becoming that such things should exist near the Merciful One. Only then they were removed to the earth.


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Rh


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 due season, from its shell. Even so that living truth, dropped without thought, unfostered, save by heaven's quickening heart, may rise betimes in glorious growth.

A casual word of praise has colored a whole existence; that single word, that passing breath, touching the bended bow of Destiny, has given direction to the arrow's flight, has decided the future career of the man; even as a mother's kiss of approval made Benjamin West a painter.

A word of kind encouragement has imparted to latent powers an impetus that made some shrinking soul thrill, palpitate, expand with the sense of its own undeveloped capabilities, the consciousness of what it might achieve, the prescience of what it would become.

An earnest word of guidance has woven a golden thread, strong and bright, in the web of a life.

A tender word—oh! it has fallen like manna, and nourished and revived the hungry, pining heart; it has softened sorrows no poured-out gold could soothe; it has healed wounds no Galen's skill could reach; it has lifted up prostrate heads. no Titan's strength could raise; it is the talismanic pearl of all speech.

A soft word, that turns away wrath; how great is its might! It has warded off the cutting assaults of a sharp tongue, even as a polished shield causes the keenest weapon to glance aside. It has disarmed more enemies than the sword ever conquered.

title: Page:The Clergyman's Wife.djvu/262


text: The Clergyman's Wife and Other Sketches/Passing Words


text:
Talk:Weird Tales/Volume 14/Issue 5/The Nightmare Tarn

Copyright
See - https://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/webbin/cinfo/weirdtales -- Beardo (talk) 20:59, 4 March 2024 (UTC)


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Page:Ginzburg - The Legends of the Jews - Volume 1.djvu/33

 The seventh heaven, on the other hand, contains naught but what is good and beautiful: right, justice, and mercy, the storehouses of life, peace, and blessing, the souls of the pious, the souls and spirits of unborn generations, the dew with which God will revive the dead on the resurrection day, and, above all, the Divine Throne, surrounded by the seraphim, the ofanim, the holy Ḥayyot, and the ministering angels.

Corresponding to the seven heavens, God created seven earths, each separated from the next by five layers. Over the lowest earth, the seventh, called Ereẓ, lie in succession the abyss, the Tohu, the Bohu, a sea, and waters. Then the sixth earth is reached, the Adamah, the scene of the magnificence of God. In the same way the Adamah is separated from the fifth earth, the Arḳa, which contains Gehenna, and Shaʿare Mawet, and Shaʿare Ẓalmawet, and Beër Shaḥat, and Ṭiṭ ha-Yawen, and Abaddon, and Sheol, and there the souls of the wicked are guarded by the Angels of Destruction. In the same way Arḳa is followed by Ḥarabah, the dry, the place of brooks and streams in spite of its name, as the next, called Yabbashah, the mainland, contains the rivers and the springs. Tebel, the second earth, is the first mainland inhabited by living creatures, three hundred and sixty-five species, all essentially different from those of our own earth. Some have human heads set on the body of a lion, or a serpent, or an ox; others have human bodies topped by the head of one of these animals. Besides, Tebel is inhabited by human beings with two heads and four hands and feet, in fact with all their organs doubled excepting only the trunk. It happens sometimes that the parts of these double persons quarrel with each other, especially while eating and drink-


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Page:Leo Tolstoi - Life Is Worth Living and Other Stories - tr. Adolphus Norraikow (1892).djvu/57

50 "Ah!" exclaimed Simeon, as he thought, "this is strange. Michael has been with us now one year, and I have never known him to make a mistake about anything. This, I fear, will cause us much trouble, for the nobleman ordered long boots and he is making slippers—without even soles to them. He has spoiled the leather, and what can I do about it? I am sure that I will never be able to replace the goods. I do not see how I can ever again face my aristocratic customer—he will be so dreadfully angry."

Then turning to Michael the shoemaker continued:

"What have you done, my dear friend? I will surely be killed, for the nobleman ordered boots, and see what you have made!"

Just as Simeon began to scold his assistant there came a knock at the door. Looking out of the window, they saw that some one had arrived on horseback and was fastening his animal to a post. Soon after the door opened and the nobleman's servant entered.


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 Rh "Hello!" he said.

"Well, what is it? What is the matter?" the shoemaker asked.

"My mistress has sent me to you," he continued, "to see about the boots which my master has just ordered."

"Well, what about the boots?" Simeon asked.

"I have been sent to tell you that the boots are no longer required," the servant answered; "my master is dead."

"What!" ejaculated the now thoroughly astonished shoemaker.

"My master, after leaving here," he went on, "never reached his home alive. He died in the carriage while I was driving him there. We had the greatest difficulty in getting him out of the vehicle, for he was already stiff when we arrived at the house. My mistress now sends me to you to say that from the leather left here you are to make slippers, and not boots. They are to be worn by the dead man,


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 52 and I am to wait until they are finished and take them with me."

When the servant had concluded his message, Michael, who had been standing by listening, went quietly to the table, and taking from it the slippers and the remainder of the leather, did them up into a small bundle, which he handed to the messenger. The latter took it, and as he went out of the door he said:

"Good-by, bosses! Good luck to you!"


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Page:Leo Tolstoi - Life Is Worth Living and Other Stories - tr. Adolphus Norraikow (1892).djvu/60

after year went by until they numbered nearly six, and Michael was still an inmate of Simeon's humble home. In all that time his mode of life had remained always the same. He never visited with the neighbors and spoke but little. He had been seen to smile only twice—once when Simeon's wife prepared supper and invited him to eat, and again when the nobleman came to order the boots.

The shoemaker was very much pleased with his fellow-worker, and did not further question him as to where he came from. His one great fear was that Michael might not care to remain always with him, for he had become very much attached to the strange, taciturn man.

Once they were sitting in the room together,


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Page:Journal of the Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society (IA journalofstra85861922roya).pdf/455

 The old Kedah-Patani Trade-route.

A glance at the map will shew that the whole length of the boundary between Kedah and Siam from the Perak border to the Perlis frontier consists of irregular masses and chains of hills. rising in places to a height of more than 3,000 feet.

The actual boundary is an imaginary line between certain fixed points on the crests of these hills following the watersheds so that all streams flowing westwards are within Kedah territory and these flowing to the east within the dominions of Siam.

The whole of this frontier region is covered with a thick forest growth which renders it almost impassable except in certain naturally favoured regions to the passage of human beings.

In the course of time man in his journeyings has discovered the easiest passages through this chain of hills and has gradually confined himself to certain definite tracks which usually follow the beds of streams until some suitable vantage point is reached for crossing the divide.

From very early times it must have been known that the easiest and most direct trade route between the thriving Malay States of Patani and Kedah was through the defile known as Gĕnting Pahat. The chiselled-out pass (Boundary Stone No. 34), and until the completion of the railway from Patani to Senggora and its continuation thence to Kedah this route was still in vogue for the droving of cattle and the passage of Patani field labourers to Kedab territory for the rice harvest.

As this route in its latter stages has seldom been traversed by Europeans and as the rapid development of road communication in Kedah may at any time bring it into prominence again a short description of the route as it was in June of this year may not be without interest.

Leaving Alor Star in a motor ear a short hour's run along a new and good road brings the traveller to Kuala Nĕrang twenty miles distant where the road ends on a bluff a hundred feet above the river and some two hundred vards below the confluence of the Padang Tĕrap and Pĕdu streams. Kuala Nerang is a growing village and the headquarters of the whole district of Padang Tĕrap which stretches as far as the Siamese frontier.


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Page:Journal of the Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society (IA journalofstra85861922roya).pdf/456

 Crossing the river at this point the route follows the right bank of the Padang Tĕrap stream sometimes approaching within a stone's throw of the river and at others diverging from it to a depth of half a mile or more owing to the sinuous nature of its course. The country is open and roughly cultivated by Malays who have planted sporadic groves of coconut durian and other trees whilst themselves living near the banks of the main river and planting rice wherever the configuration of the ground admits.

The first kampong of any importance is Bělimbing after which at about the third mile a range of low hills called Bukit Kĕpah is encountered which have to be skirted before emerging on the plain of Padang Tĕrap which used to be the site of the headquarters of the district until they were moved to Kuala Nerang me eight years ago.

The path now crosses the Sungei Sari a small shallow stream which descends from the region of the mines at Pintu Wang and touching the outskirts of the villages of Padang Chĕnĕrai, Poka and Pĕring leads to the kampong of Padang Sanai where there is a Police Station on the banks of the river.

The distance from Kuala Nĕrang to Padang Sanai is roughly ten miles and the traveller who wishes to do so may return from here to Kuala Nĕrang by perahu being poled down stream in twice the time which it takes to walk.

Leaving Padang Sanai the way at the end of a mile passes through the village of Pĕngkalan Pa Tanai where there is a Siamese wat of bamboo construction and then fording the main stream which is by now only a very clear buru running swiftly over a bed of shinning black boulders and pebbles strikes for Kuala Seraya where there is a moribund Quarantine Station with a solitary Malay in charge and an already defunct Police Station.

The distance of 3 miles between Padang Sanai and Koala Sĕraya consists of a stretch of flat open and almost park like land dotted with young trees of no great height, but after this the country becomes more thickly wooded and its surface is broken into ridges whilst the path follows the parent stream more closely and every now and then descends into it and emerges on the further bank only to cross the sector of a bend and dip into the stream again.

At Kuala Sĕraya the stream divides the left hand branch proceeding N. W. to Kampong Sĕraya 3 miles distant which is a large village of some sixty Malay houses, whilst the main stream continues on to Kampong Durian Burong which is at a like distance from Kuala Sĕraya.

Between the Quarantine Station at Kuala Sĕraya and the village of Durian Burong which is a Malay village of 20 houses standing pleasantly in rice fields and groves of coconut and betelnut


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 palms there are no human habitations, and the country remains untouched except where it has been cleared at various times in patches for the cultivation of hill padi or maize.

The hills now begin to close in on either hand and form a rough wedge into the heart of which the traveller proceeds. Two miles after leaving the village of Durian Burong the path debouches into a little glade in the hills dotted with fruit trees which have run wild and having all the appearance of a deserted village.

This is indeed the case and the only name by which it survives in local memory is Kampong To Naidam Mok after an old Siamese of that name who last held the position of Naidam or official in charge of cattle quarantine and dues at that spot.

The track here branches into two that on the right leading through the Siamese district of Tiba to Patani whilst that on the left entering the jungle follows the rough course of what may still be termed the main stream for some two miles further to its source at Batu Kělikir (Boundary Stone 31) where there is an imperceptible gravelly watershed leading into the Siamese district of Chĕnak whence there is an easy descent to the village of Ban Pěkop some two miles distant from the frontier and inhabited by Malays.

The path on the right winds round the shoulder of a hill for a mile and then enters the little village of Pěrdnan Sungkai situated near the banks of the Sungei Timun another small rivulet which comes down from the frontier and joins the stream from Batu Kělikir a short distance below.

This little village of less than then ten houses is the last outpost of Kedah territory in this region and is inhabited solely by Siamese who do not speak Malay and live by a little general cultivation of maize and hill rice though they also possess a series of diminutive rice fields.

The way now lies through the heart of the forest covered hills and follows the winding course of a boulder strewn stream the Sungai Gĕnting Pahat which mounts gradually.

In places the path actually follows the bed of the stream but generally a way has been found along the shoulders of the impending hills which hem it in when not too steep and consequently owing to the easy gradient and the absence of any stiff climbs the walking is comparatively simple.

At the end of two miles the stream continues its course along the hillside to the right whilst the path takes a sharp turn to the left and enters a narrow defile or cutting on the very crest of the hill through which can be seen the bright sky on the further side. it merges into the slopes of the hill on either hand.


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Page:Journal of the Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society (IA journalofstra85861922roya).pdf/458

292 This cutting which is the actual Gĕnting Pahat is some fifty yards long by ten feet deep and though only 3 feet broad at the bottom widens gradually from the height of a man's shoulders until it merges into the slopes of the hill on either hand; it is probably due to the action of two small streams rising on different sides of the watershed eating back gradually until their valleys have coalesced.

The walls of the cutting are composed of reddish earth plentifully mixed with small black pebbles and may have been shaped as the name appears to imply or merely be due to the wearing effects of traffic. In the centre of the cut is the boundary stone (No. 31) which divides Kedah from Siam and at the end of it in Siamese territory is the prostrate trunk of a giant Mĕrbau which has defied decay for many a year and is regarded as a kĕramat. whereon the suppliant or thankful passer by lays a stone of propitiation. The nearest village in Siamese territory on the further side of the border is Sěnaok some two miles distant whence the way is open to Patani.


text: Journal of the Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society/Volume 86/The old Kedah-Patani Trade-route


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Page:Copyright Office Compendium 3rd Edition - Full.djvu/55

, Third Edition *.

Section 103(a) states that the subject matter of copyright also includes, , and. See 17 U.S.C. § 103(a); see also 17 U.S.C. § 101 (explaining that “[t]he term ‘compilation’ includes collective works”). These types of works are a subset of the categories set forth in Section 102(a), rather than separate and distinct categories of works. In other words, derivative works, compilations, and collective works may be registered, provided that the work falls within one or more of the congressionally established categories of authorship under Section 102(a). See Registration of Claims to Copyright, 77 Fed. Reg. 37,605, 37,606 (June 22, 2012).

The categories of works set forth in Section 102(a) “do not necessarily exhaust the scope of ‘original works of authorship’ that the [Copyright Act] is intended to protect.” 94-1476, at 53 (1976), reprinted in 1976 U.S.C.C.A.N. at 5666. The statute “sets out the general area of copyrightable subject matter” with “sufficient flexibility to free the courts from rigid or outmoded concepts of the scope of particular categories.” Id. The categories are also “overlapping in the sense that a work falling within one class may encompass works coming within some or all of the other categories.” Id.

Congress gave federal courts the flexibility to interpret the scope of the existing subject matter categories, but only Congress has the authority to create entirely new categories of authorship. “If the federal courts do not have the authority to establish new categories of subject matter, it necessarily follows that the Copyright Office also has no such authority in the absence of any clear delegation of authority to the .” 77 Fed. Reg. at 37,607.

308 The Originality Requirement

Originality is “the bedrock principle of copyright” and “the very premise of copyright law.” Feist Publications, Inc. v. Rural Telephone Service Co., Inc., 499 U.S. 340, 347 (1991) (citation omitted).

“To qualify for copyright protection, a work must be original to the author,” which means that the work must be “independently created by the author” and it must possesses “at least some minimal degree of creativity.” Id. at 345 (citations omitted). Chapter 300 : 9


text: Talk:Weird Tales/1929/Crete

title: Talk:Weird Tales/1929/Crete


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Page:Ginzburg - The Legends of the Jews - Volume 5.djvu/26

22] $undefined$ Hagigah 12b.For the correct reading of this classic passage concerning the seven heavens, comp., besides , ad loc., MHG I, 14–15.The seven heavens are further mentioned in BR 19.7; PK 1, lb, and 24, 154b–155a (the names of the heavens are different here from those in the Talmud); PR 5, 17b–18b, and 15, 68b; Shir 5.1; Tan. B. III, 37–38; Tan. Pekude 6 and Naso 15; BaR 12.6 and 13.2; WR 29.11; Tehillim 9,88, and 109,471; Seder Rabba di-Bereshit 5–6 (read instead of ).The last-named source, 21–26, also gives a detailed description of the heavens (this is the only rabbinic passage which speaks of a heavenly ladder leading from one heaven to another; comp. note 49 on Vol. I, p. 70).See also ʿAseret ha-Dibrot 63–65 and the older version of this Midrash on the first commandment; ARN 37, 110; Midrash Shir 2b; Alphabetot 86–87; PRE 18; DR 2.32; comp. also PK 1,7b; PR 20,98b; Zohar I, 85b; II, 164b–165a, 172a; III, 9a–10a. That the idea concerning the seven heavens originated in the tannaitic period cannot be definitely proved.It is found in a statement by R. Meir (ARN, loc, cit.), but the authenticity of this source is not above suspicion.From DR 2.32; Tehillim 109, 471 (read for l), and 148, 538, it may be seen that even much later the prevailing view was that there were only three (according to some, two) heavens. This view is in agreement with the opinion of 12 Testaments, Levi 3, and 2 Cor. 15.6.2 Enoch 3–31, whose cosmogony, however, is rather syncretistic, and the following pseudepigraphic works (which contain Christian revisions), 3 Baruch; Ascension of Isaiah 8.13; Testament of Abraham 19 (longer recension), as well as some versions of the 12 Testaments (containing Christian revisions), loc, cit., are the oldest passages referring to the seven heavens.The view of “ten heavens” (corresponding to the ten groups of angels; it may also be a learned combination of the views concerning the three and seven heavens, respectively) is found in some of the texts of 2 Enoch 22 and Zohar II, 164b–165a and 172a.The later popular view among Jews, Christians, and gnostics was that there were seven heavens.The learned classes, however, were not inclined to accept this view; they were of the opinion that two, or at most, three heavens, were sufficient.As to the rabbinic sources, comp. Hagigah, DR, Tehillim, loc, cit.As to the Church Fathers, see Ginzberg, Haggada bei den Kirchenv., 10–14, as well as Siegfried, Philo., index, s.v. “Himmel”. In the description of the individual heavens, each of the sources follows its own way.As to the pseudepigraphic works, comp. 2 Enoch; 3 Baruch; Ascension of Isaiah;


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Page:Scarface.pdf/64

 You'd be an awful fool not to get yours while you could."

"Of all the impudent punks!" gasped the chief of detectives. His rage was so great that he seemed to be swelling out of his collar. "Listen here, you," he said finally. "I ain't got any more time to waste on you. But I'm givin' you just twenty-four hours to get out of town. And you better go. Get me?"

"Yeah. But that don't mean I'm goin'." And the boy strode out of the office.

Tony went back to O'Hara's saloon with cut lips and murder in his heart, and explained the whole thing to Klondike himself. The gang leader was obviously upset.

"It's bad business, kid," he said slowly. "Flanagan's hard-boiled and he can make life miserable for anybody if he wants to."

"To hell with him!" scoffed Tony. "He ain't so much."

Tony remained in town beyond his allotted time. And he soon discovered that Klondike O'Hara was right. For he found himself involved in a police persecution more complete than he had thought possible. He was halted half a dozen times a day, in O'Hara's place, on the street, any-

title: Page:Scarface.pdf/64


text:
Talk:Weird Tales/Volume 15/Issue 1/Ougabalys

Copyright
No renewal per - https://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/webbin/cinfo/weirdtales -- Beardo (talk) 21:51, 4 March 2024 (UTC)


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Page:Journal of the Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society (IA journalofstra85861922roya).pdf/459

  Some rhyming Sayings in Malay.

From time to time the diligent listener and gleaner of unconsidered trifles will during his intercourse with Malays happen upon little scraps of proverbial lore or the rhyming equivalents for such which are part of the common stock in trade of conversation but are not to be found in any printed work on the language.

Of such are the following which have been collected no further afield than in Singapore and Penang and in the localities where they are current it is only necessary to quote the first line to convey the meaning contained in the second.

1. Pinjam ekor sěmbilang; Pinjam pinjam hilang. To lend the tail of a sĕmbilang fish: To lend continuously is to lose.

A caustic remark applicable to a goodhearted person who has lent an article once too often, or to an importunate borrower.

2. Měrpati mĕmbunoh kĕra; Bělum mati bělum jěra. The pigeon slays the kĕra monkey: Only when dead will you profit by experience.

A saying applicable to a person or child who persists in a course from which he has been advised to desist.

3. Takok takal muka pintu; Orang nakal memang bĕgitu. Cleave the block in the doorway: That is the inevitable result of being naughty.

A reproof administered to a mischievous child who has perhaps fallen down and is crying over a trifling hurt.

4. Ikan tokak makan mĕranggong; Sĕdap těkak badan mĕnanggong. The tokak fish bite two at a time: If you indulge your appetite your body must bear the consequences.

A jibe at the expense of a person suffering from the effects of a debauch of any description.


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 5. Tua tua kĕladi; Makin tua makin jadi. Old as an aroid tuber ages; The older, the more there is of you (i.e. the worse you become) or

Tua tua lĕngkuas; Makin tua makin buas. To age as a lĕngkuas ages: The older you are the wilder.

A scathing remark sometimes addressed to a man who on account of his years ought to know better than to indulge in the frolics. and pursuits of youth.

6. Kalau ta' chĕngal giyam; Kalau ta' kĕnal diam. If its not chĕngal wood it will be giam: If you dont know, keep quiet.

A joking repartee often addressed to a person who is at a loss to answer a query as to the name of a tree or other object.

7. Bukan kětam tarah; Bukan makan muntah ka darah. It has not been planed only rough hewn: It has not been a feed but an orgy.

An appreciative remark after a plentiful repast to which justice has been done.

8. Měrono Měrene sa gantang garam; Kasana Kamari hari sudah malam. Come here, go there, a gantang of salt: Thither and Hither and the day is done.

A reproof to a laggard who occupying himself in small inconse- quential matters is wasting the precious hours of daylight which ought to be devoted to some more inportant task in hand.

9. Santan tairu gula mělaka; Pĕrĕmpuan ta' malu jantan ta' kata. Coconut milk, curds and jaggery: If the woman be immodest, what need be said of the man.

An apt reply to a woman who complains of forwardness on the part of a man to which in the opinion of the speaker she has laid herself open by her own behaviour.

10. Mĕntimun bongkok di balek tiang; Ayam běrkokok alamat nak siang. A bent cucumber behind the post: When the cock crows it is the sign of dawn.

A line sometimes quoted as a signal for a lover not to delay his departure or in a meaningless context.


text: Journal of the Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society/Volume 86/Some rhyming sayings in Malay


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 where and everywhere, stopped and searched and questioned. He dare not carry a gun because if they found him with one he knew they'd give him the works; yet he knew that the remains of the Spingola gang were actively and murderously on his trail. It was a nerve-racking week.

The detectives even burst into Vyvyan's flat one night when he was there and turned the place upside down on the pretext of looking for stolen property. And they questioned her with more thoroughness than gallantry.

"So that's the dame you swiped from Al Spingola?" said one of them to Tony with a leer in Vyvyan's direction. "Well, I don't blame him for gettin' mad. She sure ain't hard to look at How about a little date some night, kid?"

"Listen—" began Tony ominously.

"I don't even speak to dicks if I can help it," retorted Vyvyan and turned away with her nose in the air.

"Well, there's probably been a good many times in your life when you couldn't help it," snapped the detective. "And there's goin' to be a lot more if you keep hangin' around with the likes of this gorilla. So don't high-hat us, baby; we might be able to give you a break sometime."

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text: Author:Arthur Wedderburn Hartwig Hamilton


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 On Friday Klondike O'Hara called Tony into the office, a cluttered frowsy little room with a battered roll-top desk and two once golden oak chairs. The Irishman was coatless and his spotted, unbuttoned vest flapped unconfined save for such restraint as his heavy gold watch chain strung across its front placed upon it. His derby was pushed forward over his eyes until its front almost rested on the bridge of his nose, and a thoroughly chewed, unlighted cigar occupied one corner of his slit-like, tobacco-stained mouth.

"Sit down, Tony," he invited.

Tony sat, feeling very uncomfortable and wondering what this portended. Ordinarily O'Hara gave orders, received reports and loot, and conducted all the other business of his gang over one end of the bar. When he held a conference in the office, it was something important.

"I been worried all week," began the leader, "about you. The dicks are after you, kid; there's no doubt about it. And because of that Flanagan business, they're going to keep after you till they get you. Flanagan's hard-boiled and he hangs on like a bulldog—when he wants to. If you was big enough to pass him a heavy piece of change every week he'd prob'ly lay off. But you ain't. So you

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Rh $undefined$ 12 Testaments, Levi.As to the rabbinic literature, see Hagigah; Seder Rabba di-Bereshit 21–26; Sode Raza in Yalkut Reubeni on Gen. 1.1, 3c–4a; Raziel 12a–13d, 19a–19c, and 27c–27d; Zohar II, 254a–263a, whose fantastic description of the seven “Hekalot” (the heavenly halls) is nothing more than an account of the seven heavens.Just as the gnostics speak of three hundred and sixty-five heavens (Tertullian, Haer., 1), even so do the Jewish mystics assert that besides the seven heavens there is still another great number of heavens; comp. BHM I, 132; Alphabetot 89; Sode Raza, ''loc. cit.''With regard to the description of the heavens in the text according to Hagigah, the following is to be noticed.The manna is placed in the third heaven; comp. vol. III, p. 44, and Apocalypse of Baruch 29.8.As to the fourth heaven in which the heavenly temple is situated, comp. Zebahim 62a; Menahot 110a; Kebod Huppah, 11.For the literature apertaining to this subject, see Excursus I.PR 20, 98b, seems to locate the heavenly temple in the seventh heaven.As to the removal of the instruments of punishment from the sixth heaven, comp. Tan. B. I, 99; BR 51.3; Tehillim 5.54.With regard to this subject, i.e., on the idea that no evil is to be found in God’s proximity, see note 9.Comp. further Enoch 60.17, and vol. IV, p. 102.As to the dew for the purpose of quickening the dead, comp. vol. III, p. 95; vol. IV, p. 333, 336, 360.See also the Apocalypse of Baruch 29.7 and 73.2; 2 Enoch 22.9; as well as the “dew of light” of the gnostics in Preuschen, Adamschriften, 63.The old rabbinic sources where this is mentioned are the following: Yerushalmi Berakot 5, 9b; Ta'anit 1, 63d.This dew particularly plays a very important part in mystic literature; comp. PRE 34 (end) and the sources cited by Luria.As to the seventh heaven ʿArabot, comp. BHM I, 132, which is the source for Tolaʿat Yaʿakob (at the end of Asher Yazar).  $undefined$ The sea and the water in Jewish legend, like Apsu and Tiamat in Babylonian mythology, are two different elements: the one is sweet water and the other salt water.To point out the exact nature of this difference, Konen 24 uses the phrase (“sweet water”), in contrast to  (“sea” = salt water).  $undefined$ That is, counted from above downward.  $undefined$ Seven names for hell are already given in ‘Erubin 19a, which in Tehillim 11, 100 (with some variants) appear as seven compartments of hell; comp. notes 55–57.  $undefined$ Corresponding to the number of days of the solar year.  $undefined$ Concerning these monsters, comp. note 34 on vol. I, p. 114.


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, Third Edition These requirements are discussed in Sections 308.1 and 308.2 below.

308.1 Independent Creation

The term “independent creation” means that the author created the work without copying from other works. See Feist, 499 U.S. at 345.

The copyright law protects “those components of a work that are original to the author,” but “originality” does not require “novelty.” Id. at 345, 348. A work may satisfy the independent creation requirement “even though it closely resembles other works so long as the similarity is fortuitous, not the result of copying.” Id. at 345. For example, if two authors created works that are similar or even identical, each work could be registered provided that the authors did not copy expression from each other.

As a general rule, the Office will accept the representation that the work was independently created by the author(s) named in the application, unless that statement is implausible or is contradicted by information provided elsewhere in the registration materials or in the Office’s records or by information that is known to the. If the specialist determines that the work was not independently created, he or she may communicate with the applicant or may refuse to register the.

For representative examples of works that do not satisfy the independent creation requirement, see below.

308.2 Creativity

A work of authorship must possess “some minimal degree of creativity” to sustain a copyright claim. Feist, 499 U.S. at 358, 362 (citation omitted).

“[T]he requisite level of creativity is extremely low.” Even a “slight amount” of creative expression will suffice. “The vast majority of works make the grade quite easily, as they possess some creative spark, ‘no matter how crude, humble or obvious it might be.’” Id. at 346 (citation omitted).

An author’s expression does not need to “be presented in an innovative or surprising way,” but it “cannot be so mechanical or routine as to require no creativity whatsoever.” A work that it is “entirely typical,” “garden-variety,” or “devoid of even the slightest traces of creativity” does not satisfy the originality requirement. Feist, 499 U.S. at 362. “[T]here is nothing remotely creative” about a work that merely reflects “an age-old practice, firmly rooted in tradition and so commonplace that it has come to be expected as a matter of course.” Id. at 363. Likewise, a work “does not possess the minimal creative spark required by the Copyright Act” if the author’s expression is “obvious” or “practically inevitable.” Id. at 363.

Although the creativity standard is low, it is not limitless. Id. at 362. “There remains a narrow category of works in which the creative spark is utterly lacking or so trivial as to be virtually nonexistent. Such works are incapable of sustaining a valid copyright.” Id. at 359 (citations omitted). Chapter 300 : 10


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 Points of the Compass in Kedah.

Amongst the inland Malays of Kedah more especially in those districts where the Siamese language is still prevalent the usual Malay terms for expressing the points of the compass (utara, sĕlatan, timor, barat), are not in use except as designations for the direction of the wind and the seasons dependant on them (i.e. angin barat a west wind or musim timor the N. E. monsoon).

The current terms in use in daily life to express the relative positions of objects or the direction of a road, etc. are as under:—

A man will thus describe his house as being sabělah kĕpala tidor or South of somebody else's abode; and if asked where he was sitting with reference to another person might reply "dia dudok di sini, dan saya dudok di sabělah kaki tidor nya" i.e. he was sitting here and I was sitting on the north side of him.

The expressions mata hari naik and mata hari jatoh are of course common to the whole peninsula and the sentence dia sudah pěrgi sebělah mata hari naik. He has gone East would be understood anywhere.

The curious local expressions kĕpala tidor and kaki tidor appear to have arisen from the invariable orientation of Siamese houses which are built with their axis East and West, the entrance facing the rising sun.

The occupants when lying down for the night in their rather narrow dwellings are thus constrained to lie across the house with heads to the wall and feet to the centre so that all the heads in a village will be pointing one way. kĕpala tidor or South, and all the feet another, kaki tidor or North.


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 got to take it. In the meantime this is goin' to get me and the whole mob in dutch at headquarters. Those dicks that come pokin' around here every day are after you, of course, but just the same they've got an eye out for anything else they can see. If they keep that up long enough they're bound to see or hear somep'm that'll ruin us. So I'm goin' to have to ask you not to come around here."

"So you're givin' me the gate, eh?" demanded Tony coldly.

"Not that. Jeez, kid, I like you and I'd like to have you with me always. But don't you see that bein' under the police spotlight this way is sure to ruin us?"

"Yes, I guess maybe you're right. But what about the ideas I give you, the schemes I started?"

"You'll keep gettin' your cut on 'em every week; I'll send it every Saturday night any place you say. And I'll play square with you, kid; I want you to have everything that's comin' to you. But I just don't dare let you stick around here; it wouldn't be fair to the rest of the boys."

They shook hands and Tony walked out, dismissed because of the unwelcome attention that his

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text: Journal of the Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society/Volume 86/Points of the Compass in Kedah


text: Author:Jacques Bridaine

title: Author:Jacques Bridaine


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 persecution by the police was bringing down upon the whole gang.

In the bar, one of the O'Hara henchmen sidled up to him.

"Listen," he said out of one corner of his mouth, "I heard to-day that the Spingola mob's out to get you."

"They've tried it before," retorted Tony coldly.

"I know. But this time it's for blood; they say they're not goin' to miss."

"Thanks," said Tony. "Well, I guess I'll have to go back to packin' a gun, dicks or no dicks, and take a chance on bein' able to throw it away if they pick me up."

Tony moved slowly out to the sidewalk and beckoned his bodyguard, who was lounging in a doorway across the street, smoking a cigarette. The boy came across the street, a slender, white-faced chap with a weak chin and burning black eyes.

"I just got a tip that the Spingola mob's after me right," said Tony. "And I ain't got a gun. I'm goin' to the flat now to get my artillery. So watch sharp."

He glanced quickly up and down the street then he turned and started down the sidewalk, walking

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text: Author:William Freeman Lloyd

title: Author:William Freeman Lloyd


text: Author:Henry Twolls

title: Author:Henry Twolls


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 briskly, his keen glance roving suspiciously in all directions, the other boy trailing along some thirty yards behind, his hand plunged deep into his right coat pocket.

Vyvyan was beginning to grow restive under the strain of this constant surveillance and heckling by the police. She was wrought up and irritable at dinner and Tony went out to a movie alone.

America had entered the World War but a few days before and the screen flashed an appeal for volunteers to join the army for immediate overseas service. Tony wondered what sort of saps would fall for that. Not he. What did he owe the country? What had the country ever done for him? He was chuckling cynically to himself as he walked out at the conclusion of the show.

His glance roved over the crowd, seeking possible enemies, either those of the law or those outside it. But he saw none and started home, walking briskly, for his car was not yet out of the garage where he had placed it for repairs following the attempt on his life in front of Vyvyan's flat the Saturday night before.

Turning off the business thoroughfare of the district and plunging deeper into the dark, deserted side streets, Tony suddenly became aware of other

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BOYHOOD AND EARLY FLIGHTS graduating from the Little Falls High School, I decided to take a course in Mechanical Engineering, and two years later entered the College of Engineering of the University of Wisconsin at Madison. While I was attending the University I became intensely interested in aviation. Since I saw my first airplane near Washington, D. C., in 1912, I had been fascinated with flying, although up to the time I enrolled in a flying school in 1922 I had never been near enough to a plane to touch it. The long hours of study at college were very trying for me. I had spent most of my life outdoors and had never before found it necessary to spend more than a part of my time in study. At Wisconsin my chief recreation consisted of shooting-matches with the rifle and pistol teams of rival Universities, and in running around on my motorcycle which I had ridden down from Minnesota when I entered the University.

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 footfalls besides his own. Turning his head cautiously, he saw three men across the street but a little to the rear, and walking in the same direction as himself. Something seemed to grow cold within him and his hand quietly sought the ready gtm in his side coat pocket.

But first he must test his belief that these men were after him—that they were killers from the Spingola mob. At the next corner he turned to the left and increased his pace. Quickly the other men crossed the street and followed, half-running until they were again in their preferred position across the street from him and slightly to the rear.

Tony realized that their task of the night was to assassinate him, that they were only waiting until he reached some pre-arranged or some favorite spot of theirs. And there was no possible way of escaping their murderous attentions. To run would only hasten their fire; to shout would accomplish the same end and no one would come to his assistance, for minding one's own business had been developed to a fine art in this neighborhood. There was nothing to do but wait and shoot it out with them when they opened the attack.

The horror of his situation, of being trailed to his death with almost the same inevitability as a

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 working them, and you must always remember that unless the trader opens up bits of West Africa no one else will. It may seem strange to the landsman that the navigator should hug such a coast as the shoals (the Bainos as the old Portuguese have it) of St. Ann—but they do. If you ask a modern steamboat captain he will usually tell you it is to save time, a statement that the majority of the passengers on a West Coast boat will receive with open derision and contempt, holding him to be a spendthrift thereof; but I myself fancy that hugging this coast is a vestigial idea. In the old sailing-ship days, if you ran out to sea far from these shoals you lost your wind, and maybe it would take you five mortal weeks to go from Sierra Leone to Cape Mount or Wash Congo, as the natives called it in the 17th century.

Off the Kru Coast, both West Coast and South-West Coast steamers and men-o'-war on this station, call to ship or unship Krumen. The character of the rocks, of which I have spoken,—their being submerged for the most part, and pinnacles—increases the danger considerably, for a ship may tear a wound in herself that will make short work of her, yet unless she remains impaled on the rock, making, as it were, a buoy of herself, that rock might not be found again for years.

This sort of thing has happened many times, and the surveying vessels, who have been instructed to localise the danger and get it down on the chart, have failed to do so in spite of their most elaborate efforts; whereby the more uncharitable of the surveying officers are led in their wrath to hold that the mercantile marine officers who reported that rock and gave its bearings did so under the influence of drink, while the more charitable and scientifically inclined have suggested that elevation and sub-

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 legal execution, never struck him, for, like all gangsters, Tony was totally without imagination.

The men suddenly swerved and began crossing the street, moving toward a position directly behind him. Knowing the tremendous value of a surprise attack, Tony decided to pull one. With the swiftness of a shadow, he faded into a doorway and began firing. The guns of the three men answered viciously and bullets thudded and whined about the boy. From beyond he could see the flashes and hear the reports of his bodyguard's gun. The assassins were between two fires.

Tony himself, partly sheltered and cold as ice, was firing slowly but with deadly effect. He saw one of the men go down and stay down. He saw another go down for a moment, then scramble to his feet and flee, limping, with the third. The enemy had been routed.

In the distance he heard the peculiar "Clang-clang-clang!" of a detective bureau squad car. Undoubtedly they had heard the shots and now were racing there. Tony dodged out of the sheltering doorway and hurried past the inert figure without pausing to glance at it. Catching up with his bodyguard, he led him into a dark, smelly alley at a run. "Good work, kid!" panted Tony as they ran and

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, Third Edition If the Office determines that a work possesses sufficient creativity, it will register the claim and issue a. Conversely, if the Office determines that the work does not possess some minimal degree of creativity, it will refuse registration.

For more information on works that do not satisfy the creativity requirement, see through  below.

309 Examining a Work for Copyrightable Authorship

As discussed in, the U.S. Copyright Office will examine a work of authorship to determine if “the material deposited constitutes copyrightable subject matter” and if “the other legal and formal requirements have been met.” 17 U.S.C. § 410(a). In determining whether a work is copyrightable, the will consider (i) the application, (ii) the, (iii) whether the correct the [sic]  was submitted, as well as (iv) any communications between the  and the Office relating to the registration of the  or any other material that has been submitted to the Office. Together, these items are referred to as the “.”

As discussed in through, a work may be copyrightable (i) if it is eligible for copyright protection in the United States, (ii) if the work has been  in a tangible medium of expression, (iii) if the work was created by a human author, (iv) if the work constitutes copyrightable subject matter, and (v) if the work contains at least a minimum amount of creative authorship that is original to the author.

When examining a claim to copyright, the registration specialist will use objective criteria to determine whether the work satisfies these requirements by reviewing the information provided in the application and by examining the deposit copy(ies), including its individual elements as well as the work as a whole. The specific criteria that the specialist will consider when examining a, a , or a are discussed in  and. The specific criteria that the specialist will consider when examining a, a work of the performing arts, or a work of the visual arts are discussed in , , and.

309.1 Prior Works and Prior Registrations

As a general rule, the will not search the U.S. Copyright Office’s records to determine if the work has been registered before, unless there is conflicting information in the registration materials or other sources of information that are known by the Office or the general public. The specialist will not compare the with other works that have been previously registered with the Office. Likewise, the specialist generally will not compare the deposit copy(ies) with other works to determine whether the is attempting to register a work that is substantially similar to another work of authorship, unless the applicant appears to be asserting a  in a work that is unusually similar to another work of authorship that is known to the specialist.

309.2 Facts Stated in the Application

The U.S. Copyright Office generally will accept the facts stated in the application and other registration materials, unless they are implausible or conflict with information in Chapter 300 : 11


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 sidence are energetically and continually at work along the Bight of Benin, hoisting up shoals to within a few feet of the surface in some places and withdrawing them in others to a greater depth.

The people ashore here are commonly spoken of as Liberians and Kruboys. The Liberians are colonists in the country, having acquired settlements on this coast by purchase from the chiefs of the native tribes. The idea of restoring the Africans carried off by the slave trade to Africa occurred to America before it did to England, for it was warmly advocated by the Rev. Samuel Hoskins, of Newport, Rhode Island, in 1770, but it was 1816 before America commenced to act on it, and the first emigrants embarked from New York for Liberia in 1820. On the other hand, though England did not get the idea until 1787, she took action at once, buying from King Tom, through the St George's Bay Company, the land at Sierra Leone between the Rochelle and Kitu River. This was done on the recommendation of Mr. Smeatham. The same year was shipped off to this new colony the first consignment of 460 free negro servants and 60 whites; out of those 400 arrived and survived their first fortnight, and set themselves to build a town called Granville, after Mr. Granville Sharpe, whose exertions had resulted in Lord Mansfield's epoch-making decision in the case of Somerset v. Mr. J. G. Stewart, his master, i.e., that no slave could be held on English soil.

The Liberians were differently situated from their neighbours at Sierra Leone in many ways; in some of these they have been given a better chance than the Africans sent to Sierra Leone—in other ways not so good a chance. Neither of the colonies has been completely successful.

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 slipped the boy a twenty-dollar bill. "We bumped off one and winged another. But we got to cover our tracks fast and complete. Throw your gun over one of these fences." His own went over and the other boy's followed. "Now, if we're pinched, there's nothin' on us. But we don't want to get pinched. At the end of the alley we split. Get as far from here as you can as quick as possible but don't move so fast that you'll attract attention. If you should be picked up, you haven't seen me all evening. You been to a movie. See?"

The boy nodded and as they reached the end of the alley on another street, swerved to the right and disappeared in the darkness. Tony turned to the left. Within five minutes he was seven blocks away from the scene of the shooting. In that hurried walk, he had done a lot of thinking. Undoubtedly that dead man was a member of the Spingola mob. The police who found him would know that, of course, and they would have a pretty good idea as to how he came to his death. Tony realized that they would begin looking for him immediately. Between the police and the Spingola mob—for to-night's occurrence would only increase their thirst for his blood—the town was going to be too hot to hold him for awhile. He

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 would have to leave for a few months. But where could he go? What could he do? Then he remembered that appeal on the movie screen to-night. And he chuckled. He would join the army. It had a lot of advantages, now that he began to catalogue them—nobody would ever think of looking for him there, he'd do some traveling and see a lot of new things at no expense to himself, and so on. The war wouldn't last long, now that America was in it; he'd have a nice vacation for a few months.

In the meantime, his predicament was serious. The police were sure to be looking for him immediately in all his known haunts. He dare not go home, nor to Vyvyan's, nor to O'Hara's place. He went into a drug store and telephoned O'Hara.

"Hello, Klon," he said in a guarded tone. "This is Tony. I just had a battle with some of the Spingola mob. Bumped off one and nicked another. I s'pose the dicks'll be lookin' for me right away. I've decided to get out of town for awhile. And I want to see you and Vyvyan before I go, but I don't dare come either to your place nor to hers. Where can we meet?"

"Better meet at the flat of one of my dames, I guess," answered O'Hara. He gave the name and

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 I hold the opinion that if those American and English philanthropists could not have managed the affair better than they did, they had better have confined their attention to talking, a thing they were naturally great on, and left the so-called restoration of the African to his native soil alone. For they made a direful mess of the affair from a practical standpoint, and thereby inflicted an enormous amount of suffering and a terrible mortality on the Africans they shipped from England, Canada, and America; the tradition whereof still clings to the colonies of Liberia and Sierra Leone, and gravely hinders their development by the emigration of educated, or at any rate civilised, Africans now living in the West Indies and the Southern States of America.

I am aware that there are many who advocate the return to Africa of the Africans who were exported from the West Coast during the slavery days. But I cannot regard this as a good or even necessary policy, for two reasons. One is that those Africans were not wanted in West Africa. The local supply of African is sufficient to develop the country in every way. There are in West Africa now, Africans thoroughly well educated, as far as European education goes, and who are quite conversant with the nature of their own country and with the language of their fellow-countrymen. There are also any quantity of Africans there who, though not well educated, are yet past-masters in the particular culture which West Africa has produced on its inhabitants.

The second reason is that the descendants of the exported Africans have seemingly lost their power of resistance to the malarial West Coast climate. This a most interesting subject, which some scientific gentleman

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 address. "We ought to be safe there. I'll hurry right over there and be waiting for you."

Tony telephoned Vyvyan, then hailed a cab. The address proved to be a large apartment house in a quiet section. Ascertaining that the flat he wanted was on the third floor, Tony hurried up and knocked quietly. O'Hara admitted him and introduced him to a large "horsey" blonde named Gertie. Gertie had lots of yellow hair, pale, empty-looking blue eyes with dark circles of dissipation under them, and an ample figure wrapped in a lavender negligee with quantities of dyed fur. She wore lavender mules with enormous pom-poms but her legs were bare. She laughed loudly and hollowly on the slightest pretext and seemed to have a consuming fear that everybody wouldn't get enough to drink. The apartment was a rococo affair done in French style, with the walls hung in blue taffeta, and jammed so full of ornate furniture that one could hardly walk.

Tony quickly explained the situation and his plan of getting away for awhile. O'Hara approved it and promised to send Vyvyan and Mrs. Guarino money every week, Tony's share of the profits from the rackets he had conceived and instituted.

Then Vyvyan arrived and O'Hara, with a pene-

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Page:Journal of the Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society (IA journalofstra85861922roya).pdf/452

 The Grave-Stone of Sultan Mansur Shah of Malacca.

The following suggestions with reference to Mr. J. P. Mo- quette's scholaryscholarly [sic] paper on the above subject translated by Dr. Win- stedt in J.R.A.S., S.B. No. 85 may not be out of place here:—

(a) That the word الرحوم which comes after مظڤرشاه in Mr. Moquette's reading of Plate I be placed immediately before مظڤرشاه; firstly because that is the usual order (i. e, al-marham first and the name of the deceased following) when the expression is used, especially by the Malays; and secondly, seeing that the word الساطان which lies directly above the word, (see third line in Plate 1) is read before , it follows that the word الرحوم which lies also directly above the name مظڤرشاه can also be read first. As far as I can judge from the plate, nothing seems to be there that makes it particularly necessary to violate usage and read الرحوم last.

(b) That the reading of (dári-’l-ma’ál) be sub- stituted in place of دارامال (dári ámál). For this I have several reasons:-

(1) is not compatible, as far as rhythmic flow is concerned, with داراطال with which it ought to correspond; be- cause the latter (i.e. داراطال) has the article أل and the former has not. From a grammatical stand-point there does not appear to be reason enough that داراطال should have the article and


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 ought to attend to, for there is a sufficient quantity of evidence ready for his investigation. The mortality among the Africans sent to Sierra Leone and Liberia has been excessive, and so also has been that amongst the West Indians who went to Congo Belge, while the original intention of the United Presbyterian Mission to Calabar had to be abandoned from the same cause. In fact it looks as if the second and third generation of deported Africans had no greater power of resistance to West Africa than the pure white races; and, such being the case, it seems to me a pity they should go there. They would do better to bring their energies to bear on developing the tropical regions of America and leave the undisturbed stock of Africa to develop its own.

However, we will not go into that now. I beg to refer you to Bishop Ingram's Sierra Leone after a Hundred Years, for the history of England's philanthropic efforts. I may some day, perhaps, in the remote future, write myself a book on America's effort, but I cannot write it now, because I have in my possession only printed matter—a wilderness of opinion and a mass of abuse on Liberia as it is. No sane student of West Africa would proceed to form an opinion on any part of it with such stuff and without a careful personal study of the thing as it is.

The natives of this part of the West coast, the aboriginal ones, as Mrs. Gault would call them, are a different matter. You can go and live in West Africa without seeing a crocodile or a hippopotamus or a mountain, but no white man can go there without seeing and experiencing a Kruboy, and Kruboys are one of the main tribes here. Kruboys are, indeed, the backbone of white effort in West Africa, and

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 tration rare in one of his type, led Gertie out into another room so that Tony could be alone with Vyvyan for a few moments. Quickly he explained everything to her, then told her of his resolve to join the army.

"But you might be killed," she objected.

Tony grinned. "Well, if I stay here, I'm either goin' to get bumped off or be sent away for a few years."

"But, Tony, I can't do without you," sniffed Vyvyan.

"I've arranged with O'Hara to send you money every week," answered the boy shrewdly. "So you'll manage to get along for a few months—till I get back. Oh, I'm comin' back—don't worry about that. And when I get back," he said with an ominous edge in his voice, "I'll expect you to be waitin' for me."

"I will, Tony, oh, I will." She was clinging to him now, kissing him with great fervor and sobbing furiously. "Oh, I love you so, kid. Please come back to me."

He kissed her with all the passion that had made him risk his life to get her, that had made him kill for her, then hurried out with O'Hara, her sobs and pleas for his return ringing in his ears.

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 I think I may say there is but one man of all of us who have visited West Africa who has not paid a tribute to the Kruboy's sterling qualities. Alas! that one was one of England's greatest men. Why he painted that untrue picture of them I do not know. I know that on this account the magnificent work he did is discredited by all West Coasters. "If he said that of Kruboys," say the old coasters, "how can he have known or understood anything?" It is a painful subject, and my opinion on Kruboys is entirely with the old coasters, who know them with an experience of years, not with the experience of any man, however eminent, who only had the chance of seeing them for a few weeks, and whose information was so clearly drawn from vitiated sources. All I can say in defence of my great fellow countryman is that he came to West Africa from the very worst school a man can for understanding the Kruboy, or any true Negro, namely, from the Bantu African tribes, and that he only fell into the error many other great countrymen of mine have since fallen into, whereby there is war and misunderstanding and disaffection between our Government and the true Negro to-day, and nothing, as far as one can see, but a grievous waste of life and gold ahead.

The Kruboy is indeed a sore question to all old coasters. They have devoted themselves to us English, and they have suffered, laboured, fought, been massacred, and so on with us for generation after generation. Many a time Krumen have come to me when we have been together in foreign possessions and said, "Help us, we are Englishmen." They have never asked in vain of me or any Englishman in West Africa, but recognition of their services by our Government at home is—well, about as much recognition as most men get from it who do good work in

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 O'Hara drove him to South Bend, Tony lying down in the tonneau of the car until they were beyond the city limits. There was a New York train that came through there shortly after one in the morning. Tony caught it. Two days later he was in the army, and lost from all his enemies. They didn't ask many questions of men who wanted to be a soldier then.

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