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 hath bene the first light giuer to ignorance, and first nurse whose milke litle & litle enabled them to feed afterwards of tougher knowledges. And will you play the Hedge-hogge, that being receiued into the den, draue out his host? Or rather the Vipers, that with their birth kill their parents? Let learned Greece in any of his manifold Sciences, be able to shew me one booke before Musæus, Homer, & Hesiod, all three nothing else but Poets. Nay let any Historie bee brought, that can say any writers were there before them, if they were not men of the same skill, as Orpheus, Linus, and some other are named, who hauing bene the first of that country that made pennes deliuerers of their knowledge to the posteritie, nay iustly challenge to bee called their Fathers in learning. For not onely in time they had this prioritie, (although in it selfe antiquitie be venerable) but went before them, as causes to draw with their charming sweetnesse the wild vntamed wits to an admiration of knowledge. So as Amphion, was said to mooue stones with his Poetry, to build Thebes, and Orpheus to be listned to by beasts, indeed stonie and beastly people. So among the Romans, were Liuius, ', and ', so in the Italian language, the first that made it aspire to be a treasure-house of Science, were the Poets Dante, Bocace, and Petrach. So in our English, wer Gower, and Chawcer, after whom, encoraged & delighted with their excellent foregoing, others haue folowed to bewtify our mother toong, aswel in the same kind as other arts. This did so notably shew it self, the Philosophers of Greece durst not a lōg time apear to world, but vnder mask of poets.


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 "Come in then," said Ferdinand, "and whatever you have to confess, speak freely, and assure yourself of my pardon, if you have done me any wrong."

He then entered into a long story, which, as the substance of it will be detailed hereafter, it is not necessary to give now; but it concluded with avowing, that he had orders to destroy Ferdinand on the most convenient spot, to avoid a discovery; that he had engaged others to assist him, who were in waiting in the grove at the top of the hill, one of which fired at him, and he being dismounted, as he fell, rolled him over the hill, supposing he must be dead.

That he hastened to his employer, received the sum agreed for, and only yesterday joined his friends; that having among them got a great deal of money and jewels, they proposed to leave off that trade, go over to England, set up for gentlemen, and take to the gaming-table.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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 This scheme they had intended to execute in about ten days time; there were six of them concerned, two of whom always remained in the pavilion; the other four occasionally dressed as gentlemen; found out when any travellers of consequence were going on the roads, and then came back, disguised themselves, and plundered where they expected a good booty. Some of his comrades had inhabited that pavilion many years, but he had only joined them lately.

Returning yesterday with his money, which he should not have done, but that he knew his share of their stock was considerably greater than what he possessed, and sure between them of making more money when they pleased, of his employer; he said, they had a feast, and were extremely merry last night, and he was sent down to the cellar for some particular fine wine; going through the lobby, he saw something stand against the wall; going nearer, he saw, as he thought,


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 the ghost of Mr. Ferdinand; terror instantly seized him, and he fell into a fit.

The noise he made brought down the others; and when he recovered, so much had conscience overpowered his senses, that he still insisted that he saw him before his eyes, wherever he turned: Some of his friends ridiculed him, but one or two seemed as much terrified as himself.

In short, he went to bed, but could not stay alone; and when he reflected upon all his wickedness, he thought he would go to the castle, and confess the whole; only he did not intend to say he threw the murdered gentleman over the hill, and, as he did not fire at him, he hoped, by impeaching the rest, he should obtain pardon.

Following this resolution, when the other four went out before day-break, and left him and another in bed; he took the advantage of the other, and stole off; came to the castle, but again seeing Ferdinand, concluded


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 was established indirectly by use of the known positions of the solar white in each of the triangles, this correlation permitting the reduction of the two sets of values to three common elementaries. The red and green values of each set were now tested separately against the data of independent color matches published by Priest in connection with his investigations of the leucoscope and camouflage paints, which accidentally provided materials for checking the results. Both sets checked equally well, so that they were given equal weight in the computation of average values. The violets were tested by data on complementaries and that of Abney was rejected. These best values were then retransformed to terms of elementaries determined by a triangle based on extreme spectral red and violet, with its sides as closely tangent to the locus of the spectral colors as possible. Finally the excitation values were reduced to terms of an equal energy spectrum. Thus expressed, the areas under the three curves are equal for the energy distribution of average noon sunlight, the magnitudes or “weights” of the three elementaries having been so chosen as to yield the solar white with equal excitations.

When quite differently weighted, in terms of the relative powers of the three elementary processes to generate brilliance, the three chromatic curves should summate to yield the visibility curve. It is a well-known fact that in this summation the value of the violet or blue excitation is extremely small compared with that of the red and green. König and Dieterici give no data from which these specific visibility coefficients of the chromatic processes can be deduced. Abney, however, provides data of this sort leading to coefficients by which the ordinates of the excitation curves must be multiplied in order that all three curves should summate to yield his own visibility curve. This latter curve, however, as derived from Abney’s luminosity curve and carbon arc data, departs so widely from the average visibility function, as specified by the Standards Committee of the Illuminating Engineering Society, as to throw doubt upon the general validity of these values. Mr. Weaver and the writer have made

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 And if the girl chooses the other course, decides to remain true to the tradition of the last generation, she wins the sympathy and support of her parents at the expense of the comradeship of her contemporaries. Whichever way the die falls, the choice is attended by mental anguish. Only occasional children escape by various sorts of luck, a large enough group who have the same standards so that they are supported either against their parents or against the majority of their age mates, or by absorption in some other interest. But, with the exception of students for whom the problem of personal relations is sometimes mercifully deferred for a later settlement, those who find some other interest so satifying that they take no interest in the other sex, often find themselves old maids without any opportunity to recoup their positions. The fear of spinsterhood is a fear which shadows the life of no primitive woman; it is another item of maladjustment which our civilisation has produced.

To the problem of present conduct are added all the perplexities introduced by varying concepts of marriage, the conflict between deferring marriage until a competence is assured, or marrying and sharing the expenses of the home with a struggling young husband. The knowledge of birth control, while greatly dignifying human life by introducing the clement of choice at the point where human beings have before been most abjectly subject to nature, introduces further perplexities. It complicates the issue from a straight


text:
Cherry

 * "Cherry" (1928), a jazz song composed by Don Redman with lyrics by Redman and Ray Gilbert
 * Cherry (1903), a novel by Booth Tarkington

title: Cherry


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 marriage-home-and-children plan of life versus inde-pendent spinsterhood by permitting marriages without children, earlier marriages, marriages and careers, sex relations without marriage and the responsibility of a home. And because the majority of girls still wish to marry and regard their occupations as stop-gaps, these problems not only influence their attitude towards men, but also their attitude towards their work, and prevent them from having a sustained interest in the work which they are forced to do.

Then we must add to the difficulties inherent in a new economic status and the necessity of adopting some standard of sex relations, ethical and religious issues to be solved. Here again the home is a powerful factor; the parents use every ounce of emotional pressure to enlist their children in one of the dozen armies of salvation. The stress of the revival meeting, the pressure of pastor and parent gives them no peace. And the basic difficultics of reconciling the teachings of authority with the practices of society and the findings of science, all trouble and perplex children already harassed beyond endurance.

Granting that society presents too many problems to her adolescents, demands too many momentous decisions on a few months' notice, what is to be done about it? One panacea suggested would be to postpone at least some of the decisions, keep the child economically dependent, or segregate her from all contact with the other sex, present her with only one set of religious


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 ideas until she is older, more poised, better able to deal critically with the problems which will confront her. In a less articulate fashion, such an idea is back of various schemes for the prolongation of youth, through raising the working age, raising the school age, shielding school children from a knowledge of controversies like evolution versus fundamentalism, or any knowledge of sex hygiene or birth control. Even if such measures, specially initiated and legislatively enforced, could accomplish the end which they seck and postpone the period of choice, it is doubtful whether such a development would be desirable. It is unfair that very young children should be the battleground for conflicting standards, that their development should be hampered by propagandist attempts to enlist and condition them too young. It is probably equally unfair to culturally defer the decisions too late. Loss of one's fundamental religious faith is more of a wrench at thirty than at fifteen simply in terms of the number of years of acceptance which have accompanied the belief. A sudden knowledge of hitherto unsuspected aspects of sex, or a shattering of all the old conventions concerning sex behaviour, is more difficult just in terms of the strength of the old attitudes. Furthermore, in practical terms, such schemes would be as they are now, merely local, one state legislating against evolution, another against birth control, or one religious group segregating its unmarried girls. And these special local movements would simply unfit groups of young


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 So Thales, Empedocles, and Parmenides, sang their naturall Philosophie in verses. So did Pithagoras and Phocillides, their morall Councels. So did Tirteus in warre matters, and Solon in matters of pollicie, or rather they being Poets, did exercise their delightfull vaine in those points of highest knowledge, which before them laie hidden to the world. For, that wise Solon was directly a Poet, it is manifest, hauing written in verse the notable Fable of the Atlantick Iland, which was continued by Plato. And truly euen Plato who so euer well considereth, shall finde that in the body of his worke though the inside & strength were Philosophie, the skin as it were and beautie, depended most of Poetrie. For all stands vpon Dialogues, wherein hee faines many honest Burgesses of Athens speak of such matters, that if they had bene set on the Racke, they would neuer haue confessed them: besides his Poeticall describing the circumstances of their meetings, as the well ordering of a banquet, the delicacie of a walke, with enterlacing meere Tales, as Gyges Ring and others, which, who knowes not to bee flowers of Poetrie, did neuer walke into Appollos Garden. And euen Historiographers, although their lippes sound of things done, and veritie be written in their foreheads, haue bene glad to borrow both fashion and perchance weight of the Poets. So Herodotus entituled his Historie, by the name of the nine Muses, and both he and all the rest that followed him, either stale, or vsurped of Poetrie, their passionate describing of passions, the many particularities of battels which no man could affirme, or if that be denied me, long Orations put


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 people for competing happily with children who had been permitted to make their choices earlier. Such an educational scheme, in addition to being almost impossible of execution, would be a step backward and would only beg the question.

Instead, we must turn all of our educational efforts to training our children for the choices which will confront them. Education, in the home even more than at school, instead of being a special pleading for one régime, a desperate attempt to form one particular habit of mind which will withstand all outside influences, must be a preparation for those very influences. Such an education must give far more attention to mental and physical hygiene than it has given hitherto. The child who is to choose wisely must be healthy in mind and body, handicapped in no preventable fashion. And even more importantly, this child of the future must have an open mind. The home must cease to plead an ethical cause or a religious belief with smiles or frowns, caresses or threats. The children must be taught how to think, not what to think. And because old errors die slowly, they must be taught tolerance, just as to-day they are taught intolerance. They must be taught that many ways are open to them, no one sanctioned above its alternative, and that upon them and upon them alone lies the burden of choice. Unhampered by prejudices, unvexed by too early conditioning to any one standard, they must come clear-eyed to the choices which lie before them.


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 new experimental determinations of the chromatic visibility coefficients for their own eyes and those of one other subject. The results not only differ from Abney’s, but show such large variations among themselves as to indicate that these coefficients are subject to marked fluctuation among individuals. All three of our subjects agree perfectly on the proportions of the mixed stimuli required for the color matches (measured in energy units), but disagree on the photometry of the components. In other words, their visibility curves vary widely while their color curves remain constant. This may indicate either that the brilliance process is independent of the chromatic processes or that the latter, as constituents of the former, vary in weight without alteration in the mathematical form of their response functions. The average values for the factors obtained from our three subjects were: red, 0.370; green, 0.617; and blue, 0.012.

The stimulation values of all forms of radiant energy, simple or complex, can be completely specified in terms of the ratios of excitation of the three chromatic elementaries,—combined with one absolute measure of intensity, if the brilliance as well as the chromaticity of the color is to be taken into consideration. To arrive at the expression of the chromatic stimulation value of any given distribution of radiant energy in terms of the three elementaries, it is only necessary to multiply each of the values for the elementaries given in Table 6 by the corresponding ordinates of the distribution function throughout the spectrum and then to find the areas under the resulting three curves. The ratio of these areas determines the chromaticity of the color. The reduction of data in one system of color specification to data of another system (vide infra) can be accomplished with the greatest sureness of principle through the medium of a common expression in terms of the three elementaries. For the science of color the three elementaries are far more fundamental even than the spectrum, and the expression of the spectral colors in terms of these components (as in ) is as natural as (say) the similar expression of various Planckian distributions.

It is, of course, improbable that the curves in faithfully represent the actual resonance functions of the elementary chro

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 For it must be realised by any student of civilisation that we pay heavily for our heterogeneous, rapidly changing civilisation; we pay in high proportions of crime and delinquency, we pay in the conflicts of youth, we pay in an ever-increasing number of neuroses, we pay in the lack of a coherent tradition without which the development of art is sadly handicapped. In such a list of prices, we must count our gains carefully, not to be discouraged. And chief among our gains must be reckoned this possibility of choice, the recognition of many possible ways of life, where other civilisations have recognised only one. Where other civilisations give a satisfactory outlet to only one temperamental type, be he mystic or soldier, business man or artist, a civilisation in which there are many standards offers a possibility of satisfactory adjustment to individuals of many different temperamental types, of diverse gifts and varying interests.

At the present time we live in a period of transition. We have many standards but we still believe that only one standard can be the right one. We present to our children the picture of a battle-field where each group is fully armoured in a conviction of the righteousness of its cause. And each of these groups make forays among the next generation. But it is unthinkable that a final recognition of the great number of ways in which man, during the course of history and at the present time, is solving the problems of life, should not bring with it in turn the downfall of our belief in


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His Own People

 * "His Own People" (1914), a short story by Albert Kinross
 * His Own People (1929), a novel by Leon W. Rogers
 * His Own People (1907), a novel by Booth Tarkington

title: His Own People


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 a single standard. And when no one group claims ethical sanction for its customs, and each group welcomes to its midst only those who are temperamentally fitted for membership, then we shall have realised the high point of individual choice and universal toleration which a heterogeneous culture and a heterogeneous culture alone can attain. Samoa knows but one way of life and teaches it to her children. Will we, who have the knowledge of many ways, leave our children free to choose among them?


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have been comparing point for point, our civilisation and the simpler civilisation of Samoa, in order to illuminate our own methods of education. If now we turn from the Samoan picture and take away only the main lesson which we learned there, that adolescence is not necessarily a time of stress and strain, but that cultural conditions make it so, can we draw any conclusions which might bear fruit in the training of our adolescents?

At first blush the answer seems simple enough. If adolescents are only plunged into difficulties and distress because of conditions in their social environment, then by all means let us so modify that environment as to reduce this stress and eliminate this strain and anguish of adjustment. But, unfortunately, the conditions which vex our adolescents are the flesh and bone of our society, no more subject to straightforward manipulation upon our part than is the language which we speak. We can alter a syllable here, a construction there; but the great and far-reaching changes in linguistic structure (as in all parts of culture) are the work of time, a work in which cach individual plays an unconscious and inconsiderable part. The principal


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 THE COLLECTED WRITINGS

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Vou. L TALES GROTESQUE. II. TALES ARABESQUE. Ili. PorkmMs AND Essays. IV. AUTOGRAPHY AND CRITICISMS.

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 pattern, a membership marked by additional sacramental gifts but demanding no sudden conversion, no renewal of religious feeling. But the Protestant solution is to defer the choice only so far as necessary, and the moment the child reaches an age which may be called "years of discretion" it makes a strong, dramatic appeal. This appeal is reinforced by parental and social pressure; the child is bidden to choose now and wisely. While such a position in the churches which stem from the Reformation and its strong emphasis on individual choice was historically inevitable, it is regrettable that the convention has lasted so long. It has even been taken over by non-sectarian reform groups, all of whom regard the adolescent child as the most legitimate field of activity.

In all of these comparisons between Samoan and American culture, many points are useful only in throwing a spotlight upon our own solutions, while in others it is possible to find suggestions for change. Whether or not we envy other peoples one of their solutions, our attitude towards our own solutions must be greatly broadened and deepened by a consideration of the way in which other peoples have met the same problems. Realising that our own ways are not humanly inevitable nor God-ordained, but are the fruit of a long and turbulent history, we may well examine in turn all of our institutions, thrown into strong relief against the history of other civilisations, and weighing them in the balance, be not afraid to find them wanting.


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title: Coming of Age in Samoa/Chapter 14


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Growth

 * "Growth" (1910, "I twine you, little trellis, close and fond"), a poem by Nora May French
 * "Growth" (1902, "O'er field and plain, in childhood's artless days"), a poem by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
 * Growth (1927), a novel by Booth Tarkington

title: Growth


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Household number Girl's number Name Age (How estimated)

Matai Rank Father Rank Father's residence

Mother Residence of mother Either parent been married before?

Economic status of household Church membership of father, mother, guardian

Menstruated? Date of commencement? Pain Regularity Estimate of physical development

Grade in government school? In pastor's school? Any knowledge of English?

Foreign experience (outside Tau) Physical defects

Order of birth?

Best friends in order?

Test Scores Colour naming Rote memory for digits Digit symbol substitution Opposites Picture Interpretation Ball and Field

Judgments on individuals in the village Most beautiful girl Handsomest boy Wisest man Cleverest woman Worst boy Worst girl Best boy Best girl


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 TABLE SHOWING LENGTH OF TIME SINCE PUBERTY, PERIODICITY, AMOUNT OF PAIN DURING MENSES, MASTURBATION, HOMOSEXUAL EXPERIENCE, HETEROSEXUAL EXPERIENCE, AND RESIDENCE OR NON-RESIDENCE IN PASTOR'S HOUSEHOLD


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 x in the table means the presence of trait. For example, x in column 7 means that the mother is dead.


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There were among the sixty-eight girls:

It was impossible to standardise any intelligence tests and consequently my results are quantitatively valueless. But as I had had some experience in the diagnostic use of tests, I found them useful in forming a preliminary estimate of the


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 girls' intelligence. Also, the natives have long been accustomed to examinations which the missionary authorities conduct each year, and the knowledge that an examination is in progress makes them respect the privacy of investigator and subject. In this way it was possible for me to get the children alone, without antagonising their parents. Furthermore, the novelty of the tests, especially the colour-naming and picture interpretation tests, served to divert their attention. from other questions which I wished to ask them. The results of the tests showed a much narrower range than would be expected in a group varying in age from ten to twenty. Without any standardisation it is impossible to draw any more detailed conclusions. I shall, however, include a few comments about the peculiar responses which the girls made to particular tests, as I believe such comment is useful in evaluating intelligence testing among primitive peoples and also in estimating the possibilities of such testing.

Tests Used

Picture Interpretation. Three reproductions from the moving picture Moana, showing, (a) Two children who had caught a cocoanut crab by smoking it out of the rocks above them, (b) A canoe putting out to sea after bonito as evidenced by the shape of the canoe


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and the position of the crew, (c) A Samoan girl sitting on a log eating a small live fish which a boy, garlanded and stretched on the ground at her feet, had given her.

Standard directions were given throughout in all cases entirely in Samoan. Many children, unused to such definitely set tasks, although all are accustomed to the use of slate and of pencil and paper, had to be encouraged to start. The ball and field test was the least satisfactory as in over fifty per cent of the cases the children followed an accidental first line and simply completed an elaborate pattern within the circle. When this pattern happened by accident to be either the Inferior or Superior solution, the child's comment usually betrayed the guiding idea as aesthetic rather than as an attempt to solve the problem. The children whom I was led to believe to be most intelligent, subordinated the aesthetic consideration to the solution of the problem, but the less intelligent children were sidetracked by their interest in the design they could make much more easily than are children in our civilisation. In only two cases did I find a rote memory for digits which exceeded six digits; two girls completing seven successfully. The Samoan civilisation puts the slightest of premiums upon rote memory of any sort. On the digit-symbol test they were slow to understand the point of the test and very few learned the combinations before the last line of the test sheet. The picture interpretation test was the most subject to vitiation through a cultural factor; almost all of the children adopted some highly stylized form of comment and then pursued it through one balanced sentence after another: "Beautiful is the boy and beautiful is the girl. Beautiful is the garland of the boy and beautiful is the wreath of the girl," etc. In the two pictures which emphasised human beings no discussion could be commenced until the question of


text:
Seventeen

Plays

 * Number 17 (1925), a British thriller play by Joseph Jefferson Farjeon

Novels

 * Number Seventeen (1875), a novel by Henry Kingsley
 * Seventeen (1916), a novel by Booth Tarkington

Short stories

 * "Number 17" (1910), a short story by E. Nesbit

title: Seventeen


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 the relationship of the characters had been ascertained. The opposites test was the one which they did most easily, a natural consequence of a vivid interest in words, an interest which leads them to spend most of their mythological speculation upon punning explanations of names.

In order to standardise this investigation I made out a questionnaire which I filled out for each girl. The questions were not asked consecutively but from time to time I added one item of information after another to the record sheets. The various items fell into the loose groupings indicated below.

Weaving. Balls, pin-wheels, baskets to hold food gifts, carrying baskets, woven blinds, floor mats, fishing baskets, food trays, thatching mats, roof bonetting mats, plain fans, pandanus floor mats, bed mats (number of designs known


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 and number of mats completed), fine mats, dancing skirts, sugar-cane thatch.

Index of knowledge of the social organisation. Reason for Cæsarian post-mortem, proper treatment of a chief's bed, exactions of the brother and sister taboo, penalties attached to cocoanut tapui, proper treatment of a kava


text:
Seventeen (Tarkington)

 * Seventeen (1916), illustrated by Arthur William Brown

Adaptations

 * Seventeen (1924), a stage adaptation written by Hugh Stanislaus Stange

title: Seventeen (Tarkington)


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 bowl, the titles and present incumbents of the titles of the Manaia of Lumā, Siufaga and Faleasao, the Taupo of Fitiuta, the meaning of the Fale Ula the Umu Sa, the Mua o le taule'ale'a, the proper kinds of property for a marriage exchange, who was the high chief of Lumā, Siufaga, Falcasao and Fitiuta, and what constituted the Lafo of the talking chief.


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 the study of the education and discipline of the child in the home. The two tables present in summary form the major statistical facts which were gathered about the children specially studied, order of birth, number of brothers and sisters, death or remarriage or divorce of parents, residence of the child, type of household in which the child lived and whether the girl was the daughter of the head of the household or not. The second table relates only to the twenty-five girls past puberty and gives length of time since first menstruation, frequency of menstruation, amount and location of menstrual pain, the presence or absence of masturbation, homosexual and heterosexual experience, and the very pertinent fact of residence or non-residence in the pastor's household. A survey of the summary analyses joined to these tables will show that these fifty girls present a fairly wide range in family organisation, order of birth, and relation to parents. The group may be fairly considered as representative of the various types of environment, personal and social, which are found in Samoan civilisation as it is to-day.


text:
Beautiful Lady

 * "Beautiful Lady" (1912), a song by Egbert Van Alstyne
 * The Beautiful Lady (1905), a novel by Booth Tarkington

title: Beautiful Lady


text:
Flirt

 * The Flirt (19th century), a novel by Mrs. Grey
 * "The Flirt" (1873), a song by Jean Paul
 * The Flirt (1913), a novel by Booth Tarkington

title: Flirt


text:
Turmoil

 * Turmoil (1919), a poetry collection by Robert A. Donaldson
 * The Turmoil (1915), a novel by Booth Tarkington

title: Turmoil


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 matic mechanisms in the retina. There is also little doubt, however, that the curves in question and all specifications based upon them, are potentially convertible into terms of such actual response functions. The characteristic constants of these latter functions must be determined from data auxiliary to the facts

(The ordinates give the percentage excitation values for Red and the abscissae those for Violet.)

of color-mixture for the normal eye, such as those of color-blindness and chromatic minuthesis. Attempts to arrive at so-called fundamental excitations, based upon these more comprehensive considerations, have been made by König, Abney, Exner and others,

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text:
Plutocrat

 * "The Plutocrat" (1905), an essay by George L. Ayere
 * The Plutocrat (1892), a play by Otto Frederick Schupphaus
 * "The Plutocrat" (1893), a speech by James H. Swango
 * The Plutocrat (1927), a novel by Booth Tarkington

title: Plutocrat


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 Fleurs de Feu

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Midlander

 * The Midlanders (1912), a novel by Charles Tenney Jackson
 * The Midlander (1923), a novel by Booth Tarkington

title: Midlander


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 but the results cannot be regarded as sufficiently final to justify their adoption in place of a maximally straightforward representation of the facts of color-mixture, such as is given in.

provides a graphical representation of some of the relations based upon Mr. Weaver’s analysis, in terms of trilinear coördinates or a so-called color-mixture triangle. It will be noted that the triangle here given is rectangular rather than equilateral, as is ordinarily the case. The latter form bears the simplest relation to the representation of the three color excitation values in the familiar three-dimensional Cartesian coördinates, being a

section of this system making equal angles with all of the reference planes. The rectangular form, however, is much easier to use either in plotting the loci of colors or in determining the excitation values of the colors lying on curves already plotted. The result of the mixture of stimuli represented by two or more points in the triangle is found by computing the position of the “center of gravity” or centroid, of the multiple-point system, in which the intensities of the components—expressed in relative units defined by the triangle—function as analogues of masses.

title: Page:JOSA-Vol 06-06.djvu/31


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 Flowers of Fire

title: Page:The Yellow Book - 03.djvu/88


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 On the contrary, that Gentleman grew every Day fonder of little Tommy, as if he intended to counterbalance his Severity to the Father with extraordinary Fondnes and Affection towards the Son.

This a good deal oured the Captain’s Temper, as did all the other daily Intances of Mr. Allworthy’s Generoity: For he looked on all uch Largees to be Diminutions of his own Wealth.

In this, we have faid, he did not agree with his Wife; nor indeed, in any thing ele: For tho’ an Affection placed on the Undertanding is by many wie Perons thought much more durable than that which is founded on Beauty, yet it happened otherwie in the preent Cae. Nay, the Undertandings of this Couple were their principal Bone of Contention, and one great Caue of many Quarrels which from time to time aroe between them; and which at lat ended, on the Side of the Lady, in a overeign Contempt for her Huband, and on the Huband’s, in an utter Abhorrence of his Wife.


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Among the most interesting results of the mixture of different stimuli are the identification of pairs of homogeneous radiations which, with the proper ratio of intensities, yield white. Such complementary wave-lengths can be found in the color-mixture triangle at the two intersections of straight lines, drawn through the central white, with the locus of the spectral colors. It is

clear from an examination of the triangle that there is a range of spectral colors—in the green—which have no single spectral complementary, the complementaries of either end region of the spectrum being found in the other. Extant data on complementary wave-lengths are unsatisfactory because of indefiniteness in the specification of the white stimulus which was employed. gives a plot of the best values which are available. In

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 When I am King

By Henry Harland

wandered into a tangle of slummy streets, and began to think it time to inquire my way back to the hotel; then, turning a corner, I came out upon the quays. At one hand there was the open night, with the dim forms of many ships, and stars hanging in a web of masts and cordage; at the other, the garish illumination of a row of public-houses: Au Bonheur du Matelot, Café de la Marine, Brasserie des Quatre Vents, and so forth; rowdy-looking shops enough, designed for the entertainment of the forecastle. But they seemed to promise something in the nature of local colour; and I entered the Brasserie des Quatre Vents.

It proved to be a brasserie-à-femmes; you were waited upon by ladies, lavishly rouged and in regardless toilets, who would sit with you and chat, and partake of refreshments at your expense. The front part of the room was filled up with tables, where half a hundred customers, talking at the top of their voices, raised a horrid din—sailors, soldiers, a few who might be clerks or tradesmen, and an occasional workman in his blouse. Beyond, there was a cleared space, reserved for dancing, occupied by a dozen

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 As thee had both exercied their Talents chiefly in the Study of Divinity, this was, from their firt Acquaintance, the mot common Topic of Converation between them. The Captain, like a well-bred Man, had, before Marriage, always given up his Opinion to that of the Lady; and this, not in the clumy, aukward Manner of a conceited Blockhead, who, while he civilly yields to a Superiour in an Argument, is deirous of being till known to think himelf in the Right. The Captain, on the contrary, tho’ one of the proudet Fellows in the World, o abolutely yielded the Victory to his Antagonit, that he, who had not the leat Doubt of his Sincerity, retired always from the Dipute with an Admiration of her own Undertanding, and a Love for his.

But tho’ this Complaiance to one whom the Captain thoroughly depied, was not so uneay to him, as it would have been, had any Hopes of Preferment made it neceary to hew the ame Submiion to a Hoadley, or to ome other of great Reputation in the Science, yet even this cot him too much to be endured without ome Motive. Matrimony, therefore, having removed all uch


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 couples, clumsily toeing it; and on a platform, at the far end, a man pounded a piano. All this in an atmosphere hot as a furnace-blast, and poisonous with the fumes of gas, the smells of bad tobacco, of musk, alcohol, and humanity.

The musician faced away from the company, so that only his shoulders and the back of his grey head were visible, bent over his keyboard. It was sad to see a grey head in that situation; and one wondered what had brought it there, what story of vice or weakness or evil fortune. Though his instrument was harsh, and he had to bang it violently to be heard above the roar of conversation, the man played with a kind of cleverness, and with certain fugitive suggestions of good style. He had once studied an art, and had hopes and aspirations, who now, in his age, was come to serve the revels of a set of drunken sailors, in a disreputable tavern, where they danced with prostitutes. I don't know why, but from the first he drew my attention; and I left my handmaid to count her charms neglected, while I sat and watched him, speculating about him in a melancholy way, with a sort of vicarious shame.

But presently something happened to make me forget him—something of his own doing. A dance had ended, and after a breathing spell he began to play an interlude. It was an instance of how tunes, like perfumes, have the power to wake sleeping memories. The tune he was playing now, simple and dreamy like a lullaby, and strangely at variance with the surroundings, whisked me off in a twinkling, far from the actual—ten, fifteen years backwards—to my student life in Paris, and set me to thinking, as I had not thought for many a long day, of my hero, friend, and comrade, Edmund Pair; for it was a tune of Pair's composition, a melody he had written to a nursery rhyme, and used to sing a good deal, half in fun, half in earnest, to his ladylove, Godelinette:

title: Page:The Yellow Book - 03.djvu/90


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] of the bottom it is placed on the ground and a little loose soil is drawn up to serve as a support and in this it is turned slowly with the hands as required (pl., c). As the lower coils become dry they are smoothed with a polishing stone with strokes made from below upward; if a part has become too hard to be easily rubbed down the hand is dipped into the vessel of water that is within reach, and applied to the spot.

When the last coil has been shaped a dark red shale is ground in water until the liquid has become quite thick; this is applied to the outer surface with the hands. As the slip dries it is rubbed with the polishing stone until it becomes hard and smooth.

After drying over night the vessel is ready for burning. A very shallow pit is dug and a fire is kept in it for some time to dry the earth thoroughly, then a little dry mesquite or decayed willow wood is spread in the depression, and the vessel is laid on its side upon the wood and entirely covered with sticks laid up "log-cabin fashion." In the specimen shown in figure 52 the wood had burned away in about twenty minutes. The photograph was taken as the burning brands fell from the sides.

The final step, if the vessel is to be decorated, is to apply the black mesquite pigment with a sharpened stick (pl., d), made from Baccharis glutenosa, which has a large pithy center. The vessel is again subjected to heat for a few minutes until the decoration has assumed a deep black color, when it is finished.

Water reservoirs or coolers (fig. 53, a, b) are the largest and finest pieces of fictile ware made by the Pimas and Papagos. The latter carry on a thriving trade with the whites by supplying each house with one or more of these big round-bottomed pots, which are so porous that the evaporation from the outside measurably cools the water within, Although the term "olla" is applied to all Indian pottery in the Southwest, the word generally refers to this particular class of vessels. One will be found set in a three-forked post under the arbor at every Pima home. An olla was secured which had been hidden away among the rocks in the hills for many years (fig. 54). It is among the smallest of those used for water coolers, and may well serve here to illustrate the minimum size and also a variation in decoration.

Ollas with angular profile are not uncommon (fig. 55).

Cooking pots (pl., a) are more numerous than the water

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 Motives, he grew weary of this Condecention, and began to treat the Opinions of his Wife with that Haughtines and Inolence, which none but thoe who deerve ome Contempt themelves can betow, and thoe only who deerve no Contempt can bear.

When the firt Torrent of Tendernes was over, and when in the calm and long Interval between the Fits, Reaon began to open the Eyes of the Lady, and he aw this Alteration of Behaviour in the Captain, who at length anwered all her Arguments only with Pih and Phaw, he was far from enduring the Indignity with a tame Submiion. Indeed, it at firt o highly provoked her, that it might have produced ome tragical Event, had it not taken a more harmles Turn, by filling her with the utmot Contempt for her Huband’s Undertanding, which omewhat qualified her Hatred towards him; tho’ of this likewie, he had a pretty moderate Share.

The Captain’s Hatred to her was of a purer Kind: For as to any Imperfections in her Knowledge or Undertanding, he no more depied her for them than for her not being ix Feet high. In his Opinion of the female Sex, he exceeded the Moroenes of


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It is certain he meant very seriously that if he ever came into his kingdom Godelinette should be queen. The song had been printed, but, so far as I knew, had never had much vogue; and it seemed an odd chance that this evening, in a French seaport town where I was passing a single night, I should stray by hazard into a sailors' pothouse and hear it again.

Edmund Pair lived in the Latin Quarter when I did, but he was no longer a mere student. He had published a good many songs; articles had been written about them in the newspapers; and at his rooms you would meet the men who had "arrived"—actors, painters, musicians, authors, and now and then a politician —who thus recognised him as more or less one of themselves. Everybody liked him; everybody said, "He is splendidly gifted; he will go far." A few of us already addressed him, half-playfully perhaps, as cher maître.

He was three or four years older than I—eight or nine and twenty to my twenty-five—and I was still in the schools; but for all that we were great chums. Quite apart from his special talent, he was a remarkable man—amusing in talk, good-looking, generous, affectionate. He had read; he had travelled; he had hob-and-nobbed with all sorts and conditions of people. He had wit, imagination, humour, and a voice that made whatever he said a cordial to the ear. For myself I admired him, enjoyed him, loved him, with equal fervour; he had all of my hero-worship and the lion's share of my friendship; perhaps I was vain as well as glad to be distinguished by his intimacy. We used to spend two or

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text: The Zoologist/3rd series, vol 1 (1877)/Issue 7/The Birds of the Moy Estuary and the Surrounding District


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128 coolers. Every kitchen contains several; some of them broken in halves or smaller fragments, yet retained for use in parching wheat or corn over the fire, or for other purposes. They are undecorated and not carefully smoothed and polished "because they would be slippery to handle when they became wet."

Bean pots are made with handles as represented in pl., b. They form a distinct type unlike any other aboriginal ware known to the writer.

Canteens were formerly made of pottery, but they have been

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 three evenings a week together, at his place or at mine, or over the table of a café, talking till the small hours—Elysian sessions, at which we smoked more cigarettes and emptied more bocks than I should care to count. On Sundays and holidays we would take long walks arm-in-arm in the Bois, or, accompanied by Godelinette, go to Viroflay or Fontainebleau, lunch in the open, bedeck our hats with wildflowers, and romp like children. He was tall and slender, with dark waving hair, a delicate aquiline profile, a clear brown skin, and grey eyes, alert, intelligent, kindly. I fancy the Boulevard St. Michel, flooded with sunshine, broken here and there by long crisp shadows; trams and omnibuses toiling up the hill, tooting their horns; students and étudiantes sauntering gaily backwards and forwards on the trottoir; an odour of asphalte, of caporal tobacco; myself one of the multitude on the terrace of a café; and Edmund and Godelinette coming to join me—he with his swinging stride, a gesture of salutation, a laughing face; she in the freshest of bright-coloured spring toilets: I fancy this, and it seems an adventure of the golden age. Then we would drink our apéritifs, our Turin bitter, perhaps our absinthe, and go off to dine together in the garden at Lavenue's.

Godelinette was a child of the people, but Pair had done wonders by way of civilising her. She had learned English, and prattled it with an accent so quaint and sprightly as to give point to her otherwise perhaps somewhat commonplace observations. She was fond of reading; she could play a little; she was an excellent housewife, and generally a very good-natured and quite presentable little person. She was Parisian and adaptable. To meet her, you would never have suspected her origin; you would have found it hard to believe that she had been the wife of a drunken tailor, who used to beat her. One January night, four or five years before, Pair had surprised this gentleman publicly

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 Aritotle himelf. He looked on a Woman as on an Animal of dometic Ue, of omewhat higher Conideration than a Cat, ince her Offices were of rather more Importance; but the Difference between thee two, was in his Etimation o mall, that in his Marriage contracted with Mr. Allworthy’s Lands and Tenements, it would have been pretty equal which of them he had taken into the Bargain. And yet o tender was his Pride, that it felt the Contempt which his Wife now began to expres towards him; and this, added to the Surfeit he had before taken of her Love, created in him a Degree of Digut and Abhorrence, perhaps hardly to be exceeded.

One Situation only of the married State is excluded from Pleaure; and that is, a State of indifference; but as many of my Readers, I hope, know what an exquiite Delight there is in conveying Pleaure to a beloved Object, o fome ew, I am afraid, may have experienced the Satisfaction of tormenting one we hate. It is, I apprehend, to come at this latter Pleaure, that we ee both Sexes often give up that Eae in Marriage, which they might otherwie poes, tho’ their Mate was never o diagreeable to them. Hence the Wife often puts on


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 Fits of Love and Jealouy, nay, even denies herelf any Pleaure, to diturb and prevent thoe of her Huband; and he again, in return, puts frequent Retraints on himelf, and tays at home in Company which he dilikes, in order to confine his Wife to what he equally detets. Hence too mut flow thoe Tears which a Widow ometimes o plentifully heds over the Ahes of a Huband with whom he led a Life of contant Diquiet and Turbulency, and whom now he can never hope to torment any more.

But if ever any Couple enjoyed this Pleaure, it was at preent experienced by the Captain and his Lady. It was always a ufficient Reaon to either of them to be obtinate in any Opinion, that the other had previouly aerted the contrary. If the one propoed any Amuement, the other conlantly objected to it. They never loved or hated, commended or abued the ame Peron. And for this Reaon, as the Captain looked with an evil Eye on the little Foundling, his Wife began now to cares it almot equally with her own Child.

The Reader will be apt to conceive, that this Behaviour between the Huband and


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 tongues with great relish. The children of seven and eight get as much illicit satisfaction out of the other functions of the body as out of sex. This is interesting in view of the different attitude in Samoa towards the normal processes of evacuation. There is no privacy and no sense of shame. Nevertheless the brand of bad taste seems to be as effective in interesting the young children as is the brand of indecency among us. It is also curious that in theory and in fact boys and men take a more active interest in the salacious than do the women and girls.

It seems difficult to account for a salacious attitude among a people where so little is mysterious, so little forbidden. The precepts of the missionaries may have modified the native attitude more than the native practice. And the adult attitude towards children as non-participants may also be an important causal factor. For this seems to be the more correct view of any prohibitions which govern children. There is little evidence of a desire to preserve a child's innocence or to protect it from witnessing behaviour, the following of which would constitute the heinous offence, tautala laititi ("presuming above one's age"). For while a pair of lovers would never indulge in any demonstration before any one, child or adult, who was merely a spectator, three or four pairs of lovers who are relatives or friends often choose a common rendezvous. (This, of course, excludes relatives of opposite sex, included in the brother and sister avoidance, although married


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 brothers and sisters might live in the same house after marriage.) From the night dances, now discontinued under missionary influence, which usually ended in a riot of open promiscuity, children and old people were excluded, as non-participants whose presence as uninvolved spectators would have been indecent. This attitude towards non-participants characterised all emotionally charged events, a women's weaving bee which was of a formal, ceremonial nature, a house-building, a candle-nut burning—these were activities at which the presence of a spectator would have been unseemly.

Yet, coupled with the sophistication of the children went no pre-adolescent heterosexual experimentation and very little homosexual activity which was regarded in native theory as imitative of and substitutive for heterosexual. The lack of precocious sex experimentation is probably due less to the parental ban on such precocity than to the strong institutionalised antagonism between younger boys and younger girls and the taboo against any amiable intercourse between them. This rigid sex dichotomy may also be operative in determining the lack of specialisation of sex feeling in adults. Since there is a heavily charged avoidance feeling towards brother and cousins, and a tendency to lump all other males together as the enemy who will some day be one's lovers, there are no males in a girl's age group whom she ever regards simply as individuals without relation to sex.

Such then was the experience of the twenty-eight


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title: Page:Olive Custance - Opals.djvu/27


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] superseded by the cheap and scarcely less fragile metal ones of American manufacture. They were globular in form, and not provided with projections or loops for the attachment of straps. In fact, they were intended to be carried in the woman's kiâhâ; men on the warpath or traveling far from water must learn to endure thirst, but the women when compelled to go far for wood or cactus fruit were accustomed to carry water in these canteens. The vessels were sometimes broken, and Sala Hina told us of such an experience in which she nearly perished of thirst before she reached the river, though she had gone but a few miles from home. Canteens were decorated in a variety of patterns, including human figures.

What may be termed a parching pan (pl., a) is made for roasting grains preparatory to grinding them for pinole. It is a large oval shallow dish with margin extended at ends for handles.

A tortilla baking plate (pl., b) is sometimes seen. It is nothing more than a slightly concave undecorated disk.

Cups were seldom made of clay; dippers of gourd or bowls of basketry were lighter and less perishable. It is probable that most of the few cups of Indian manufacture now to be found among the Pimas were obtained from the Kwahadkʽs or the Papagos. They are so highly polished as to appear to be glazed and are usually decorated with geometric designs to which no meaning can be ascribed by their makers.

Rh

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 Wife did not greatly contribute to Mr. Allworthy’s Repoe, as it tended o little to that erene Happines which he had propoed to all three, from this Alliance; but the Truth is, though he might be a little diappointed in his anguine Expectations, yet he was far from being acquainted with the whole Matter: For, as the Captain was, from certain obvious Reaons, much on his Guard before him, the Lady was obliged, for fear of her Brother’s Dipleafure, to purue the ame Conduct. In fact, it is poible for a third Peron to be very intimate, nay even to live long in the ame Houe, with a married Couple, who have any tolerable Dicretion, and not even gues at the our Sentiments which they bear to each other: For though the whole Day may be ometimes too hort for Hatred, as well as for Love; yet the many Hours which they naturally pend together, apart from all Obervers, upply People of tolerable Moderation with uch ample Opportunity for the Enjoyment of either Paion, that, if they love, they can upport being a few Hours in Company, without toying, or if they hate, without pitting in each others Faces.

It is poible, however, that Mr. Allworthy aw enough to render him a little un-


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 eay; for we are not always to conclude, that a wie Man is not hurt, becaue he doth not cry out and lament himelf, like thoe of a childih or effeminate Temper. But indeed it is poible he might ee ome Faults in the Captain, without any Uneaines at all: For Men of true Widom and Goodnes are contented to take Perons and Things as they are, without complaining of their Imperfections, or attempting to amend them. They can ee a Fault in a Friend, a Relation, or an Acquaintance, without ever mentioning it to the Parties themelves, or to any others; and this often without the leat leening their Affection. Indeed unles great Dicernment be tempered with this overlooking Dipoition, we ought never to contract Friendhip but with a Degree of Folly which we can deceive: For I hope my Friends will pardon me, when I declare I know none of them without a Fault; and I hould be orry if I could imagine I had any Friend who could not ee mine. Forgivenes, of this Kind, we give and demand in Turn. It is an Exercie of Friendhip, and, perhaps, none of the leat pleaant. And this Forgivenes we mut betow, without Deire of Amendment. There is, perhaps, no urer Mark of Folly, than an Attempt to correct the


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 these, a girl who had deserted her husband and was living with a temporary successor came to live in Luna's household. She and Luna were constant companions, and Luna, quite easily and inevitably took one lover, then two, then a third—all casual affairs. She dressed younger than her years, emphasised that she was still a girl. Some day she would marry and be a church member, but now: Laititi a'u ("I am but young"). And who was she to give up dancing.

Her cousin Lotu was a church member, and had attended the missionary boarding school. She had had only one accepted lover, the illegitimate son of a chief who dared not jeopardise his very slender chance of succeeding to his father's title by marrying her. She was the eldest of nine children, living in the third strictly biological family in the village. She showed the effects of greater responsibility at home by a quiet maturity and decision of manner, of her school training in a greater neatness of person and regard for the nicety of detail. Although she was transgressing, the older church members charitably closed their eyes, sympathising with her lover's family dilemma. Her only other sex experience had been with a moetotolo, a relative. Should her long fidelity to her lover lead to pregnancy, she would probably bear the child. (When a Samoan woman does wish to avoid giving birth to a child, exceedingly violent massage and the chewing of kava is resorted to, but this is only in very exceptional cases, as even illegitimate children are enthusiastically


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 welcomed.) Lotu's attitudes were more considered, more sophisticated than those of the other girls of her age. Had it not been for the precarious social status of her lover, she would probably have been married already. As it was, she laboured over the care of her younger brothers and sisters, and followed the routine. of relationship duties incumbent upon a young girl in the largest family on the island. She reconciled her church membership and her deviation from chastity by the tranquil reflection that she would have married had it been possible, and her sin rested lightly upon her.

In the household of one high chief lived the Samoan version of our devoted maiden aunts. She was docile, efficient, responsible, entirely overshadowed by several more attractive girls. To her were entrusted the newborn babies and the most difficult diplomatic errands. Hard work which she never resented took up all her time and energy. When she was asked to dance, she did so negligently. Others dancing so much more brilliantly, why make the effort? Hers was the appreciative worshipping disposition which glowed over Tolu's beauty or Fala's conquests or Alofi's new baby. She played the ukulele for others to dance, sewed flower necklaces for others to wear, planned rendezvous for others to enjoy, without humiliation or a special air of martyrdom. She admitted that she had had but one lover. He had come from far away; she didn't even know from what village, and he had never come back.


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 natural Infirmities of thoe we love. The finet Compoition of human Nature, as well as the finet China, may have a Flaw in it; and this, I am afraid, in either Cae, is equally incurable; though, nevertheles, the Pattern may remain of the highet Value

Upon the whole then, Mr. Allworthy certainly aw ome Imperfections in the Captain; but, as this was a very artful Man, and eternally upon his Guard before him, thee appeared to him no more than Blemihes in a good Character; which his Goodnes made him overlook, and his Widom prevented him from dicovering to the Captain himelf. Very different would have been his Sentiments, had he dicovered the whole; which, perhaps, would, in Time, have been the Cae, had the Huband and Wife long continued this Kind of Behaviour to each other; but this kind Fortune took effectual Means to prevent, by forcing the Captain to do that which rendered him again dear to his Wife, and retored all her Tendernes and Affection towards him.


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130 Plates (pl., c, f) are now obtained from the Kwahadkʽs, but it is doubtful if the latter made them before the advent of the whites. They are polished and decorated in a manner similar to the cups.

Fanciful figures of a variety of shapes are made by the Kwahadkʽs in imitation of American crockery, and the like, and are traded to the Pimas, who sometimes sell to gratify the desires of tourists for souvenirs, the seller being as ignorant of the fact that the buyer wishes to get specimens of Pima handiwork as the latter is of the fact that the ware is packed on the heads of women from the villages of another tribe 30 to 50 miles to the southward.

Two specimens (pl., d) were obtained from a Pima woman at Casa Blanca, who had "made them to sell," which have not the characteristic polish and the decoration of Kwahadkʽ ware. They are of interest because they show the Pima method of treatment of the human figure in clay modeling, and also the manner in which the face was painted. The larger effigy has light brown lines on the body, both front and back, which represent a necklace, belt, skirt (perhaps), and what would seem to be the V-shaped opening at the neck of an upper garment. The face is painted in vertical stripes of red and blue, as was the custom with this tribe a few years ago. The front hair is represented on the forehead by prominent ridges.

The smaller effigy has fewer lines on the face, and the body is undecorated.

From the ruins pottery spoons or ladles are sometimes taken which have apparently acquired magic import from the character of their source. These spoons are used in feeding the sick, and for no other

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text: Opals (Custance)/Villanelle

title: Opals (Custance)/Villanelle


text: Opals (Custance)/Sunshine

title: Opals (Custance)/Sunshine


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  A Receipt to regain the lot Affections of a Wife, which hath never been known to fail in the mot deperate Caes.

HE Captain was made large Amends for the unpleaant Minutes which he paed in the Converation of his Wife (and which were as few as he could contrive to make them) by the pleaant Meditations he enjoyed when alone.

Thee Meditations were entirely employed on Mr. Allworthy’s Fortune; for firt, he exercied much Thought in calculating, as well as he could, the exact Value of the whole; which Calculations he often aw Occaion to alter in his own Favour: And econdly, and chiefly, he pleaed himelf with intended Alterations in the Houe and Gardens, and in projecting many other Schemes, as well for Improvement of the Etate, as of the Grandeur of the Place, For this Purpoe he applied himelf to the Studies of Architecture and Gardening, and read over many Books on both thee Subjects; for thee Sciences, indeed, employed his whole


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 Time, and formed his only Amuement. He at lat completed a mot excellent Plan; and very orry we are, that it is not in our Power to preent it to our Reader, ince even the Luxury of the preent Age, I believe, would hardly match it. It had, indeed, in a uperlative Degree, the two principal Ingredients which erve to recommend all great and noble Deigns of this Nature: For it required an immoderate Expence to execute, and a vat Length of Time to bring it to any Sort of Perfection. The former of thee, the immene Wealth of which the Captain uppoed Mr. Allworthy poeed, and which he thought himelf ure of inheriting, promied very effectually to upply; and the latter, the Soundnes of his own Contitution, and his Time of Life, which was only what is called Middle Age, removed all Apprehenion of his not living to accomplih.

Nothing was wanting to enable him to enter upon the immediate Execution of this Plan, but the Death of Mr. Allworthy; in calculating which he had employed much of his own Algebra; beides purchaing every Book extant that treats of the Value of Lives, Reverions, &c. From all which, he atisfied himelf, that as he had every


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passed rather uneventfully. Tony's power, undisputed save for sporadic, disorganized, short-lived outbreaks here and there, grew until it almost became burdensome. And his income had gone far beyond his wildest dreams. Always being written up and talked about but almost never seen, he had become a legendary figure, symbolical of underworld success.

Two items in the papers concerning his own family had interested him. His father had died and his brother had been promoted to a detective lieutenancy. Tony's answer to the first had been to arrange for one of his trusted attorneys to inform his mother of the death of some mysterious relative in the West and thereafter pay her $1,000 a month, supposedly from the deceased's estate. His answer to the second had been a long, loud, ironical laugh. He had heard through various reliable sources that his brother was not averse to graft and was quite a devil with the women, despite his wife and child. Tony grinned when he thought

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 Day a Chance of this happening, o had he more than an even Chance of its happening within a few Years.

But while the Captain was one Day buied in deep Contemplations of this Kind, one of the mot unlucky, as well as uneaonable Accidents, happened to him. The utmot Malice of Fortune could indeed have contrived nothing o cruel, o mal-a-propos, o abolutely detructive to all his Schemes. In hort, not to keep the Reader in long Supence, jut at the very Intant when his Heart was exulting in Meditations on the Happines which would accrue to him by Mr. Allworthy’s Death, he himelfdied of an Apoplexy.

This unfortunately befel the Captain as he was taking his evening Walk by himelf, o that no Body was preent to lend him any Aitance, if indeed any Aitance could have preerved him. He took, therefore, Meaure of that Proportion of Soil, which was now become adequate to all his future Purpoes, and he lay dead on the Ground, a great (though not a living) Example of the Truth of that Obervation of Horace:


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 at large,) but then they look upon them either as confined to Mechanical Engines, or at least but as reaching to very few of Nature's Phænomena, and, for that reason, unfit to be received as Physical Principles. To remove therefore this grand Prejudice and Objection, which seems to be the chief thing that has kept off Rational Inquirers from closing with the Mechanical Philosophy, it may be very conducive, if not sufficient, to propose such Mechanical accounts of Particular Qualities themselves, as are intelligible and possible, and are agreeable to the Phænomena whereto they are applied. And to this it is no more necessary that the account propos'd should be the truest and best that can possibly be given, than it is to the proving that a Clock is not acted by a vital Principle, (as those Chineses thought, who took the first, that was brought them out of Europe, for an Animal,) but acts as an Engine, to do more than assign a Mechanical Structure made up of Wheels, a Spring, a Hammer, and other Mechanical pieces, that will regularly shew and strike the hour, whether this Contrivance be or be not the very same with that of the Particular Clock propos'd; which may indeed be made to move either with Springs or Weights, and may consist of a greater or lesser number of

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 Wheels, and those differingly scituated and connected; but for all this variety 'twill still be but an Engine. I intend not therefore by proposing the Theories and Conjectures ventur'd at in the following Papers, to debar my self of the Liberty either of altering them, or of substituting others in their places, in case a further progress in the History of Qualities shall suggest better Hypotheses or Explications. And 'twas but agreeable to this Intention of mine, that I should, as I have done, on divers occasions in the following Notes, imploy the word Or, and express my self somewhat doubtingly, mentioning more than one Cause of a Phænomenon, or Reason of an opinion, without dogmatically declaring for either; since my purpose in these Notes was rather to shew, it was not necessary to betake our selves to the Scholastick or Chymical Doctrine about Qualities, than to act the Umpire between the differing Hypotheses of the Corpuscularians; and, provided I kept my self within the bounds of Mechanical Philosophy, my design allowed me a great latitude in making explications of the Phænomena, I had occasion to take notice of.

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Which Sentiment, I hall thus give to the Englih Reader: ‘You provide the noblet Materials for Building, when a Pick-ax and a Spade are only neceary; and build Houes of five hundred by a hundred Feet, forgetting that of ix by two.’  A Proof of the Infallibility of the foregoing Receipt, in the Lamentations of the Widow; with other uitable Decorations of Death, uch as Phyicians, &c. and an Epitaph in the true Stile.

R. Allworthy, his Siter, and another Lady, were aembled at the accutomed Hour in the Supper Room, where having waited a coniderable Time longer than uual, Mr. Allworthy firt declared he began to grow uneay at the Captain’s Stay; (for he was always mot punctual at his Meals,) and gave Orders that the Bell hould be rung without the Doors, and


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 epecially towards thoe Walks which the Captain was wont to ue.

All thee Summons proving ineffectual, (for the Captain had, by pervere Accident, betaken himelf to a new Walk that Evening) Mrs. Blifil declared he was eriouly frightned. Upon which the other Lady, who was one of her mot intimate Acquaintance, and who well knew the true State of her Affetions, endeavoured all he could to pacify her; telling her—To be ure fhe could not help being uneay; but that he hould hope the bet. That, perhaps, the Sweetnes of the Evening had enticed the Captain to go farther than his uual Walk, or he might be detained at ome Neighbour’s. Mrs. Blifil anwered, No; he was ure ome Accident had befallen him; for that he would never tay out without ending her Word, as he mut know how uneay it would make her. The other Lady, having no other Arguments to ue, betook herelf to the Entreaties uual on uch Occaions, and begged her not to frighten herelf, for it might be of very ill Conequence to her own Health; and, filling out a very large Glas of Wine, advied, and at lat prevailed with, her to drink it.


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]

The names of the Pimas proved so interesting to the present investigator that a number of examples were recorded, as follows:

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 Mr. Allworthy now returned into the Parlour; for he had been himelf in Search after the Captain. His Countenance ufficiently hewed the Conternation he was under, which indeed had a good deal deprived him of Speech; but as Grief operates variouly on different Minds, o the ame Apprehenion which depreed his Voice, elevated that of Mrs. Blifil. She now began to bewail herelf in very bitter Terms, and Floods of Tears accompanied her Lamentations, which the Lady, her Companion, declared he could not blame; but at the ame Time diuaded her from indulging; attempting to moderate the Grief of her Friend, by philoophical Obervations on the many Diappointments to which human Life is daily ubject, which, he aid, was a ufficient Conideration to fortify our Minds againt any Accidents, how udden or terrible oever. She aid, her Brother’s Example ought to teach her Patience, who, though indeed he could not be uppoed as much concerned as herelf, yet was doubtles very uneay, though his Reignation to the Divine Will had retrained his Grief within due Bounds.

‘Mention not my Brother,’ aid Mrs. Blifil, ‘I alone am the Object of your Pity. What are the Terrors of Friendhip to


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Page:Experimentsnotes00boyl.pdf/35

 OF THE

OF

LONDON, Printed by E. Flesher, for R. Davis Bookseller in Oxford. 1675.

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 what a Wife feels on thee Occaions? O he is lot! Somebody hath murdered him—I hall never ee him more’—Here a Torrent of Tears had the ame Conequence with what the Suppreion had occaioned to Mr. Allworthy, and he remained ilent.

At this Interval, a Servant came running in, out of Breath, and cried out, the Captain was found; and, before he could proceed farther, he was followed by two more, bearing the dead Body between them.

Here the curious Reader may oberve another Diverity in the Operations of Grief: For as Mr. Allworthy had been before ilent, from the ame Caue which had made his Siter vociferous; o did the preent Sight, which drew Tears from the Gentleman, put an entire Stop to thoe of the Lady; who firt gave a violent Scream, and preently after fell into a Fit.

The Room was oon full of Servants, ome of whom, with the Lady viitant, were employed in Care of the Wife, and others, with Mr. Allworthy, aited in carrying off the Captain to a warm Bed, where every Method was tried, in order to retore him to Life.


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] hota stcok, "middle black," has 6 longitudinal rows; reed d, ma-atcoʌolt, has 5 rows around the open end.

One hundred grains of corn are placed between the players in a hole, from which they are taken as won and placed in a hole in front of each player. When a player wins all the corn, he puts up a stick in the sand. The number of sticks may be from 1 to 10, as determined beforehand. Each player cancels one of his opponent's sticks when he wins one himself.

Two players confine their attention to the guessing; one on each side fills the reeds; one on each side watches the counting. Four men, one at each corner, hold the blanket, under which the filling is done, and sometimes offer suggestions to the leaders. The "old people," the plain reeds, and the marked reeds, are kept together and the "young people" are used by the opponents. When the two pairs are filled with sand and a bean or ball is concealed in each pair, the blanket is dropped and the reeds are laid in the center, each filler handing his pair over to the side of his opponent. If A guesses wrong and B right, four grains of corn are forfeited to the winner. If neither guesses right, they exchange reeds and begin again. If both guess right, there is no count. When one guesses right, he takes the four reeds and places his ball in one and the opponent then decides which pair it is in by laying one reed across the other in the pair which he thinks does not contain it. Then he pours out the sand of first one then the other. If he has guessed right, he does not score, but continues the play by filling and offering to his opponent. If he guesses wrong, the opponent scores 4 and 6 additional if the ball is in the under reed, 10 if it is in the upper.

Cheating is done in various ways, but there is reason to believe that this practice has arisen since the Pimas have come in contact with the whites.

Any number of players may participate, but they are under two leaders who are selected by toss. Each draws up his men in line so that they face their opponents (fig. 92). A goal about 50 yards distant is marked out and the game begins. A small object, usually a circular piece of pottery, one of those so common about the ruins of the Southwest (fig. 93), is carried around behind the line by a 26 —08——14

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 Experiments and Notes

ABOUT THE

OR

PRODUCTION

OF

HEAT and COLD.

EAT & COLD being generally lookt upon as the most active among Qualities, from which many other Qualities are deducible, and by which many of Nature's Phænomena, especially among the

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 Peripateticks, are attempted to be explicated; I suppose it will be very proper to begin with Instances of them to shew, that Qualities may be Mechanically produced or destroyed. A not useless Paraphrase of which expression may be this, That a portion of matter may come to be endowed with a Quality, which it had not before, or to be deprived of one that it had, or (sometimes) to acquire or lose a degree of that Quality; though on the part of the Matter (or, as some would speak, of the Patient) there do not appear to intervene any more than a change of Texture, or some other Mechanical Alteration; and though the Agents (on their part) do not appear to act upon it otherwise, than after a Mechanical manner, that is, by their bigness, shape, motion, and those other Attributes by vertue whereof Mechanical Powers and Engines perform their operations; and this without having recourse to the Peripatetic Substantial Forms and Ele-

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178 leader and placed in the hands of one of his men. The opposite leader guesses which man holds the object. If he guesses wrong, the man at the end of the line in which the object is held who stands farthest from the goal runs and jumps over the upheld leg of the man at the opposite end of his own line. This moves the winning line the width of one man and the length of a jump toward the goal. If the first guess is correct, the object is passed to him and there is no jumping until a guess fails.

The boys play several simple games which develop skill in shooting the arrow or in running. In the former class may be included the following game:

The players stand in a circle while a boy runs around outside, dragging at the end of a string a bundle of rags. When the play begins each boy deposits an arrow in a heap and the one who transfixes the bundle as it flies past is entitled to the pile of arrows. At the end the best marksman may have nearly all the arrows. The same runner continues throughout the game and receives a few arrows as compensation for his services.

The name of this game signifies "cooking place." Several boys play in the game. A rag ball the size of one's fist is tossed up and the one nearest where it falls tries to throw it against another, using a slightly curved stick called henyusika. The one hit has to stand with his head down to protect his face while the others throw the ball at him. After all throw, the game begins anew.

A bundle of grass, called woliwikke, is tied with willow bark so that it is about 125 mm. long and 50 mm. in diameter. The player tosses the bundle upward with his left hand while holding the bow in his right, ready to shoot the bundle before it can strike the earth.

When the bundle is thrown forward instead of upward it is called tcomält maitcĕkĕ, "to shoot the bundle low."

The title given above signifies "prickly-pear standing opposite." There are usually four players, though sometimes two engage in this shooting game. Prickly-pear leaves are set up opposite each other at a distance of about 30 yards. The game is to pierce the

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Rh and between the cells a small triangular interstice is seen, which is filled by a transparent fluid (not by air), or at least by a substance which refracts the light in a different manner from the cell-walls, just as it is represented in plate I, fig. 1c, from the onion.

Young cells, which float free, form within the cells of the chorda dorsalis, as in plants. They are, however, in the larvae of the frog so transparent, that very favorable light and good instruments are required to see them. The number of cells, also, in which new ones are formed in the larvæ is not great, at least in such as are to be had in the latter part of autumn. In the above-mentioned species of Cyprinus, and also in other fishes, they are, however, easy to be seen, and in greater number. Vesicles of very various sizes may be perceived in the cavities of many of these cells, and also in those of the larvæ of the frog, though they are more difficult of observation in the latter; a single one of these vesicles sometimes fills the greater part of the cavity; and occasionally several lie in one cell. (Pl. I, fig. 4, b, b, c.) They are commonly quite round; but not unfrequently two are in contact, and flattened against each other. That they lie free in the cell, follows from the fact, that they may be isolated without rupture. If, for instance, a small portion of the chorda dorsalis be torn into minute pieces, and a thin plate of glass with water be placed upon them, by moving this lightly backwards and forwards a few times, some such isolated vesicles may often be brought into the field of vision. They may then be made to roll about, and thus demonstrate their globular form. I have taken great pains to discover a nucleus in their walls, but without success. The young cells of the chorda dorsalis, also, in the larvae so often mentioned, have often the appearance, so long as they are not isolated, of possessing a nucleus: but one may readily be deceived here, since such a nucleus may belong to a cell lying above or below them. Caution must also be used, not to confound a globular epithelial cell, which may have shipped into the chorda dorsalis in making the transverse section, with the true cells of that structure. I have not as yet been able, with certainty, to observe any nucleus, at least not of the characteristic form, in isolated young cells of the chorda dorsalis. In rare instances, a very small corpuscle, (d, d, of


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 glory, and said when God poured out His Spirit on His sons and daughters they would see visions and dream dreams and prophesy. He told them that these signs would be sure to follow the outpourings of the Spirit.

The Lord said to Miriam, “If there is a prophet among you, I, the Lord, will make myself known unto him in a vision and speak to him in dreams.” Moses said, “Would to God all the Lord’s people were prophets and all would prophesy.”

Peter says we will all prophesy when we have the spirit of God, and visions is one of the signs that we have the Spirit.

The Lord says if we are prophets He will make himself known to us in visions. The heathen, or gentiles, were perishing; they knew nothing of the religion of Jesus.

God used two visions to bring about a great revival, where the whole congregation was converted and filled with the glory of God. This was the first Holy Ghost revival among the heathen. It was a sample of all that was to follow. When the people saw the visible signs of the presence of God in their midst, and He revealed himself to them, everyone felt they were in the presence of God, and sinners came rushing to the loving arms of Christ and were saved from the awful doom that awaits the unsaved.

“Where there is no vision the people perish.”

Those who are opposing the demonstration of the spirit today say we do not need these things, that we are progressing with the age, that we want an intellectual religion, that we must explain and present the word from a human standpoint in a scientific way.

In these last days the masses of so-called religious teachers belong to the class Paul said, who have a form of Godliness but deny the power. From such, turn away. They will not endure sound doctrine, will turn the people away from the truth.

These false teachers are in a worse condition than the Jews were. They are sinning against much greater light. They are willingly blind, and are teaching their followers to hide behind a refuge of lies, trusting to doctrines, and traditions of men, “In vain do they worship me,” saith the Lord.

The judgments of God in the most awful way are coming upon the false church.

We might say they did not need these visions in the revival at Corinth. Why did not the Lord call all the apostles, and the

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 thousands of holy men and women who were filled with the Holy Ghost together, and let them do the work? No, he was going to show them, and us, that it is not by human power, wisdom, or a great multitude, but by His power and spirit that the people must be saved. They knew nothing about the great work till it was over, and the waves of salvation swept all over the country till they reached the apostles.

It was four days from the time of Cornelius’ vision till Peter came with six Jewish Brethren. The news of the wonderful Vision, and that such a servant of God was coming to lead them to Christ, spread. They believed that God had been in their midst and was coming in great power to save. They were convinced and convicted, and left all their work and came together; were just waiting for the Kingdom of Heaven to come in their hearts with power and glory.

Some say Peter did all this mighty work. God did it all, through the Holy Ghost. Peter only preached one sermon. He preached that repentance and faith in a living, risen, Christ would bring a present Salvation and a living Christ in their hearts to abide with them forever.

The ways and wisdom of God are foolishness to the unsaved, but God hath revealed them to his chosen ones; yea, the deep things of God! Oh, praise the Lord for the wisdom and knowledge, the fellowship and presence, of the Lord who lives and walks with us continually.

Stephen was not an Apostle, but he was full of faith and the Holy Ghost, and we all are commanded to be filled with the same power. He did great Miracles among the people. When he so nobly defended the risen Christ, fearless of losing his life, his false accusers looked on his face and said it looked like the face of an Angel.

The pure Gospel accompanied by the power of the Holy Ghost, cut them to the heart. They would not accept it, and they gnashed upon him with their teeth. (Acts 7.54-55-56.)

“But he, being full of the Holy Ghost, looked up stedfastly into Heaven and saw the glory of God—and Jesus standing on the right hand of God.

And said, Behold, I see the Heavens opened and the Son of Man standing at the right hand of God.”

Saul, who was one of the best scholars of his day, and had a

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