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Rh turned her small, glowing face up to his. “Kiss me,” she commanded.

Dazed, Hugh gathered her into his arms and kissed her little red mouth. She clung to him for a minute and then pushed him gently away.

“Good night, honey,” she whispered.

“Good night.” Hugh’s voice broke huskily. He turned and walked rapidly down the hall, upon the veranda, and down the steps. His classmates were waiting for him. They rushed up to him, de¬ manding that he tell them what had happened.

He told them most of it, especially about the dance; but he neglected to mention the kiss. Shy¬ ness overcame any desire that he had to strut. Be¬ sides, there was something about that kiss that made it impossible for him to tell any one, even Carl. When he went to bed that night, he did not think once about the coming football game. Before his eyes floated the girl in the corn-colored frock. He wished he knew her name. . . . Closer and closer she came to him. He could feel her cool arms around his neck. “What a wonderful, wonderful girl! Sweeter than Helen—lots sweeter. . . . She’s like the night—and moonlight. . . . Like moonlight and—” The music of the Indian Serenade” began to thrill through his mind:

“I arise from dreams of thee In the first sweet sleep of night. . ..


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Rh banner was flying from the pole, a blue banner with an orange S. Wayne Gifford loosened the ropes. Down fluttered the banner, and the boys reverently took off their hats. Gifford caught the banner be¬ fore it touched the ground and gathered it into his arms. The song-leader stepped beside him. He lifted his hand, sang a note, and then the boys sang with him, huskily, sadly, some of them with tears streaming down their cheeks:

“Sanford, Sanford, mother of men, Love us, guard us, hold us true. Let thy arms enfold us; Let thy truth uphold us. Queen of colleges, mother of men— Alma mater, Sanford—hail! Alma mater—Hail!—Hail!”

Slowly the circle broke into small groups that straggled wearily across the campus. Hugh, with two or three others, was walking behind two young professors—one of them, Ailing, the other, Jones of the economics department. Hugh was almost literally broken-hearted; the defeat lay on him like an awful sorrow that never could be lifted. Every inch of him ached, but his despair was greater than his physical pain. The sharp, clear voice of Jones broke into his half-deadened consciousness. “I can’t understand all this emotional excite¬ ment,” said Jones crisply. “A football game is a

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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320 not tremble. If he could have seen her on some parties this last year. . ..

“You have changed a lot.” Her words were barely audible. “You have changed an awful lot.”

He smiled. “I hope so. There are times now when I hate myself, but I never hate myself so much as when I think of Prom. I’ve learned a lot in the last year, and I hope I’ve learned enough to treat a decent girl decently. I have never apol¬ ogized to you the way I think I ought to.”

“Don’t!” she cried, her voice vibrant with pain. “Don’t! I was more to blame than you were. Let’s not talk about that.”

“All right. I’m more than willing to forget it.” He paused and then continued very seriously, “I can’t ask you to marry me now, Cynthia—but— but are you willing to wait for me? It may take time, but I promise I ’ll work hard.”

Cynthia’s hands clenched convulsively. “No, Hugh honey,” she whispered; “I’ll never marry you. I—I don’t love you.”

“What?” he demanded, his senses swimming in hopeless confusion. “What?”

She did not say that she knew that he did not love her; she did not tell him how much his quixotic chivalry moved her. Nor did she tell him that she knew only too well that she could lead him to hell, as he said, but that that was the only place that she could lead him. These things she felt positive


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Rh !ather might be rich. He had noticed that Norry’s
 * lothes were very well tailored, and Norry had told

lim that his violin was a Cremona, but the boy was lot lavish with money and never talked about it at ill. Hugh was therefore surprised and a little itartled to see Norry walk up to an expensive limouine with a uniformed chauffeur at the wheel. He vondered if the Parkers were n’t too high-hat for lim?

“We ’ll go right home, Martin,” Norry said to he chauffeur. “Get in, Hugh.”

The Parker cottage was a short distance from ^ew Rochelle. It was a beautiful place, hardly in he style of a Newport “cottage” but roomy and rtvy comfortable. It was not far from the water, ind the Parkers owned their own boat-house.

Mrs. Parker was on the veranda when the car irew up at the steps.

“Hello, Mother,” Norry called.

She got up and ran lightly down the steps, her land held out in welcome to Hugh.

“I know that you are Hugh Carver,” she said in . beautifully modulated voice, “and I am really lelighted to meet you. Norry has talked so much ibout you that I should have felt cheated if you >ad n’t come.”

Hugh’s fears immediately departed. “I should Lave myself,” he replied. “It was awfully good of ou to invite me.”


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Rh

that authority shall, within the period for complying with section 1(1), send a copy of the request to the responsible authority.

(2) The conditions referred to in subsection (1)(b) are—
 * (a) that the duty to conﬁrm or deny is expressed to be excluded only by a provision of Part II not speciﬁed in subsection (3) of section 2, and
 * (b) that the information is exempt information only by virtue of a provision of Part II not speciﬁed in that subsection.

(3) On receiving the copy, the responsible authority shall, within such time as is reasonable in all the circumstances, inform the appropriate records authority of the determination required by virtue of subsection (3) or (4) of section 66.

(4) In this Act “transferred public record” means a public record which has been transferred—
 * (a) to the Public Record Office,
 * (b) to another place of deposit appointed by the Lord Chancellor under the Public Records Act 1958, or
 * (c) to the Public Record Office of Northern Ireland.

(5) In this Act—
 * “appropriate records authority”, in relation to a transferred public record, means—
 * (a) in a case falling within subsection (4)(a), the Public Record Office,
 * (b) in a case falling within subsection (4)(b), the Lord Chancellor, and
 * (c) in a case falling within subsection (4)(c), the Public Record Office of Northern Ireland;
 * “responsible authority”, in relation to a transferred public record, means—
 * (a) in the case of a record transferred as mentioned in subsection (4)(a) or (b) from a government department in the charge of a Minister of the Crown, the Minister of the Crown who appears to the Lord Chancellor to be primarily concerned,
 * (b) in the case of a record transferred as mentioned in subsection (4)(a) or (b) from any other person, the person who appears to the Lord Chancellor to be primarily concerned,
 * (c) in the case of a record transferred to the Public Record Office of Northern Ireland from a government department in the charge of a Minister of the Crown, the Minister of the Crown who appears to the appropriate Northern Ireland Minister to be primarily concerned,
 * (d) in the case of a record transferred to the Public Record Office of Northern Ireland from a Northern Ireland department, the Northern Ireland Minister who appears to the appropriate Northern Ireland Minister to be primarily concerned, or

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Note11, p. 54.]

Note12, p. 54.] Forth flew the soul.

Note13, p. 54.] Then on the bank did Pool.

Note14, p. 56.]

Note15, p. 56.] And earth's grim race.


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10c. 36

16.—(1) It shall be the duty of a public authority to provide advice and assistance, so far as it would be reasonable to expect the authority to do so, to persons who propose to make, or have made, requests for information to it.

(2) Any public authority which, in relation to the provision of advice or assistance in any case, conforms with the code of practice under section 45 is to be taken to comply with the duty imposed by subsection (1) in relation to that case. Refusal of request

17.—(1) A public authority which, in relation to any request for information, is to any extent relying on a claim that any provision of Part II relating to the duty to conﬁrm or deny is relevant to the request or on a claim that information is exempt information must, within the time for complying with section 1(1), give the applicant a notice which—
 * (a) states that fact,
 * (b) speciﬁes the exemption in question, and
 * (c) states (if that would not otherwise be apparent) why the exemption applies.

(2) Where—
 * (a) in relation to any request for information, a public authority is, as respects any information, relying on a claim—
 * (i) that any provision of Part II which relates to the duty to conﬁrm or deny and is not speciﬁed in section 2(3) is relevant to the request, or
 * (ii) that the information is exempt information only by virtue of a provision not speciﬁed in section 2(3), and
 * (b) at the time when the notice under subsection (1) is given to the applicant, the public authority (or, in a case falling within section 66(3) or (4), the responsible authority) has not yet reached a decision as to the application of subsection (1)(b) or (2)(b) of section 2,

the notice under subsection (1) must indicate that no decision as to the application of that provision has yet been reached and must contain an estimate of the date by which the authority expects that such a decision will have been reached.

(3) A public authority which, in relation to any request for information, is to any extent relying on a claim that subsection (1)(b) or (2)(b) of section 2 applies must, either in the notice under subsection (1) or in a separate notice given within such time as is reasonable in the circumstances, state the reasons for claiming—
 * (a) that, in all the circumstances of the case, the public interest in maintaining the exclusion of the duty to conﬁrm or deny outweighs the public interest in disclosing whether the authority holds the information, or

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Rh

(4) A public authority is not obliged to make a statement under subsection (1)(c) or (3) if, or to the extent that, the statement would involve the disclosure of information which would itself be exempt information.

(5) A public authority which, in relation to any request for information, is relying on a claim that section 12 or 14 applies must, within the time for complying with section 1(1), give the applicant a notice stating that fact.

(6) Subsection (5) does not apply where—
 * (a) the public authority is relying on a claim that section 14 applies,
 * (b) the authority has given the applicant a notice, in relation to a previous request for information, stating that it is relying on such a claim, and
 * (c) it would in all the circumstances be unreasonable to expect the authority to serve a further notice under subsection (5) in relation to the current request.

(7) A notice under subsection (1), (3) or (5) must—
 * (a) contain particulars of any procedure provided by the public authority for dealing with complaints about the handling of requests for information or state that the authority does not provide such a procedure, and
 * (b) contain particulars of the right conferred by section 50.

The Information Commissioner and the Information Tribunal

18.—(1) The Data Protection Commissioner shall be known instead as the Information Commissioner.

(2) The Data Protection Tribunal shall be known instead as the Information Tribunal.

(3) In this Act—
 * (a) the Information Commissioner is referred to as “the Commissioner”, and
 * (b) the Information Tribunal is referred to as “the Tribunal”.

(4) Schedule 2 (which makes provision consequential on subsections (1) and (2) and amendments of the Data Protection Act 1998 relating to the extension by this Act of the functions of the Commissioner and the Tribunal) has effect.

(5) If the person who held office as Data Protection Commissioner immediately before the day on which this Act is passed remains in office as Information Commissioner at the end of the period of two years beginning with that day, he shall vacate his office at the end of that period.

(6) Subsection (5) does not prevent the re-appointment of a person whose appointment is terminated by that subsection.

(7) In the application of paragraph 2(4)(b) and (5) of Schedule 5 to the Data Protection Act 1998 (Commissioner not to serve for more than fifteen years and not to be appointed, except in special circumstances, for

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12c. 36

a third or subsequent term) to anything done after the passing of this Act, there shall be left out of account any term of office served by virtue of an appointment made before the passing of this Act. Publication schemes

19.—(1) It shall be the duty of every public authority—
 * (a) to adopt and maintain a scheme which relates to the publication of information by the authority and is approved by the Commissioner (in this Act referred to as a “publication scheme”),
 * (b) to publish information in accordance with its publication scheme, and
 * (c) from time to time to review its publication scheme.

(2) A publication scheme must—
 * (a) specify classes of information which the public authority publishes or intends to publish,
 * (b) specify the manner in which information of each class is, or is intended to be, published, and
 * (c) specify whether the material is, or is intended to be, available to the public free of charge or on payment.

(3) In adopting or reviewing a publication scheme, a public authority shall have regard to the public interest—
 * (a) in allowing public access to information held by the authority, and
 * (b) in the publication of reasons for decisions made by the authority.

(4) A public authority shall publish its publication scheme in such manner as it thinks fit.

(5) The Commissioner may, when approving a scheme, provide that his approval is to expire at the end of a specified period.

(6) Where the Commissioner has approved the publication scheme of any public authority, he may at any time give notice to the public authority revoking his approval of the scheme as from the end of the period of six months beginning with the day on which the notice is given.

(7) Where the Commissioner—
 * (a) refuses to approve a proposed publication scheme, or
 * (b) revokes his approval of a publication scheme,

he must give the public authority a statement of his reasons for doing so.

20.—(1) The Commissioner may from time to time approve, in relation to public authorities falling within particular classes, model publication schemes prepared by him or by other persons.

(2) Where a public authority falling within the class to which an approved model scheme relates adopts such a scheme without modification, no further approval of the Commissioner is required so long as the model scheme remains approved; and where such an authority adopts such a scheme with modifications, the approval of the Commissioner is required only in relation to the modifications.

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Rh

(3) The Commissioner may, when approving a model publication scheme, provide that his approval is to expire at the end of a specified period.

(4) Where the Commissioner has approved a model publication scheme, he may at any time publish, in such manner as he thinks fit, a notice revoking his approval of the scheme as from the end of the period of six months beginning with the day on which the notice is published.

(5) Where the Commissioner refuses to approve a proposed model publication scheme on the application of any person, he must give the person who applied for approval of the scheme a statement of the reasons for his refusal.

(6) Where the Commissioner refuses to approve any modifications under subsection (2), he must give the public authority a statement of the reasons for his refusal.

(7) Where the Commissioner revokes his approval of a model publication scheme, he must include in the notice under subsection (4) a statement of his reasons for doing so.

21.—(1) Information which is reasonably accessible to the applicant otherwise than under section 1 is exempt information.

(2) For the purposes of subsection (1)—
 * (a) information may be reasonably accessible to the applicant even though it is accessible only on payment, and
 * (b) information is to be taken to be reasonably accessible to the applicant if it is information which the public authority or any other person is obliged by or under any enactment to communicate (otherwise than by making the information available for inspection) to members of the public on request, whether free of charge or on payment.

(3) For the purposes of subsection (1), information which is held by a public authority and does not fall within subsection (2)(b) is not to be regarded as reasonably accessible to the applicant merely because the information is available from the public authority itself on request, unless the information is made available in accordance with the authority’s publication scheme and any payment required is specified in, or determined in accordance with, the scheme.

22.—(1) Information is exempt information if—
 * (a) the information is held by the public authority with a view to its publication, by the authority or any other person, at some future date (whether determined or not),
 * (b) the information was already held with a view to such publication at the time when the request for information was made, and
 * (c) it is reasonable in all the circumstances that the information should be withheld from disclosure until the date referred to in paragraph (a).

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Page:The Works of John Locke - 1823 - vol 03.djvu/359

 9. You will not indeed always light on the very page you want, because of the breaches, that are made in different editions of books, and that are not always equal in proportion; but you are never very far from the place you want; and it is better to be able to find a passage, in turning over a few pages, than to be obliged to turn over a whole book to find it, as it happens when the book has no index, or when the index is not exact.

.] "Pratum, ficta mortuorum habitatio, est locus prope Memphin, juxta paludem, quam vocant Acherusiam," &c. This is a passage out of D. Siculus, the sense whereof is this: the fields, where they feign that the dead inhabit, are only a place near Memphis, near a marsh called Acherusia, about which is a most delightful country, where one may behold lakes and forests of lotus and calamus. It is with reason that Orpheus said, the dead inhabit these places, because there the Egyptians celebrate the greatest part, and the most august, of their funeral solemnities. They carry the dead over the Nile, and through the marsh of Acherusia, and there put them into subterraneous vaults. There are a great many other fables, among the Greeks, touching the state of the dead, which very well agree with what is at this day practised in Egypt. For they call the boat, in which the dead are transported, Baris; and a certain piece of money is given to the ferryman for a passage, who, in their language, is called Charon. Near this place is a temple of Hecate in the shades, &c. and the gates of Cocytus and Lethe, shut up with bars of brass. There are other gates, which are called the gates of truth, with the statue of justice before them, which has no head. Marsham. $$\tfrac{259}{626}$$.


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 ] V. 3. 10.

man began to scratch his head, and to dislike the advice of Jesus: and the Lord said unto him, How can you say you have done as the law and the prophets direct you? since it is written in the law, Thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself; and there are many of thy brethren, children of Abraham, who are almost naked, and who are ready to die with hunger, while thy house is full of good things, and yet thou givest them no help nor assistance. And turning himself towards Simon, his disciple, who sat near him: Simon, son of Johanna, said he, it is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle, than for a rich man to enter into the kingdom of heaven." Ebion changed this passage, because he did not believe Jesus Christ to be the Son of God, nor a lawgiver, but a mere interpreter of the law of Moses. Grotius $$\tfrac{333}{1060}$$.


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 11.


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Template talk:Old style I

Size
For me the I shows up smaller than the other digits in the example. Perhaps it would be wise to lose the 75% resizing? Rich Farmbrough, 14:05 26 September 2023 (GMT) 14:05, 26 September 2023 (UTC)

title: Template talk:Old style I


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 Number Stories, p45-illustration.png

“I don't see how they ever added numbers when they wrote them as the Romans did,” said Irene, just to get the Story-Teller started.

“The numerals that Hippias used were worse,” said Edward.

“But Daniel’s were still worse,” said Will.

“Ahmes and Lugal had the worst of all,” added Dorothy.

“I see,” said the wise old Story-Teller, “that the Crowd has planned all this talk just to get me started”; at which the Tease smiled significantly.

“Well, it is true that they all had trouble with their numerals,” he continued, “and to-night I am going to tell you a story about 45


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Rh


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NUMBER STORIES some of the troubles of three boys who found ways of adding numbers in spite of their awkward numerals.”

When Caius was a boy he attended a kind of business school. There he learned how to write, to read the parchment rolls that told of business customs, and to perform the only two operations with numbers that were then considered absolutely necessary. These operations were addition and subtraction, and when we come to think of it they cover a large part of our business arithmetic to-day. It is not often that we need a long multiplication or a long division.

If you are asked to add 257 and 369 you find the work so easy that you can hardly imagine that it would ever trouble anyone. But when his teacher told Caius to add these numbers written in the Roman numerals, the problem did not seem so simple. It is really easier, however, than one would at first think, and if arithmetic required only adding, the Roman numerals would not be very difficult. In the first place the Romans usually wrote IIII instead of IV, VIIII instead of IX, and 46


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Rh


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OF LONG AGO so on, and if you do this you will find it about as easy to add with Roman numerals as with our own.

After learning to add, which he found quite easy, Caius learned to subtract, and that was also easy; but when he came to multiplying or dividing with Roman numerals he at once found himself in a great deal of trouble.

HOW CAIUS ADDED 257 AND 369 Caius had six I’s, so he wrote VI below; he had two V’s, so he wrote X below; he had one X, so he wrote X below that; he had two L’s, so he wrote C below; and he had five other C’s, so he wrote D below them

Although Caius learned how to add and subtract with Roman numerals, there was another method that was more common. He learned that pebbles were used in working with numbers. He found that he could draw lines on a board, — one to represent units, another to represent tens, and so on, — and that he could then place pebbles on these lines. 47


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 another person who has the power to represent him as prescribed in sections 4, 5, and 6;

“public prosecutor” means an official who has the duty to charge an alleged offender before a court, whether he be a public official in the Public Prosecution Department or a different official having the same power;

“inquiry official” means an official in whom the law vests the power and duty to conduct an inquiry;

“complaint” means an allegation which is made by an injured person before an authority according to the provisions of this Code, stating that a person, whether or not known, has committed an offence, thereby causing injury to the injured person, and which is made with the intention to have the offender punished;

“denunciation” means an allegation which is made by another person than the injured person before an authority, stating that a person, whether or not known, has committed an offence;

“criminal warrant” means an imperative document which is issued in accordance with the provisions of this Code, ordering an authority to arrest, detain, imprison, or release an alleged offender, accused, or prisoner,

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Page:A Grammar of the Telugu language.djvu/33

Rh ఒ is short ŏ as in prŏduction. The long form is ఓ as in boat, moan, repose. The two sounds ŏ and ō are similar to o in hŏney and mōre as pronounced in Derbyshire.

These initial forms are found in the dictionary but are laid aside in common use, vŏ and  vō being substituted.

But the consonant V is not pronounced. Thus is simple ŏ and  is ō Accordingly.

ŏppu (right) is written

ఒకటి ŏcati (one) is written or even వకటి

ఒత్తుట ŏttuta (to press) is written

ఓగు ōgu (wicked) is written

ఓపిక ōpica (patience) is written

ఓసీ ōsī (madam) is written

The short vowel has two second forms. viz ొ as కొ co గొ ఖొ kho &c.

The six letters ఘ &c. write this separate, as ఘ‍ొ. But they usually adopt the second form.

The second form is compound of ె ĕ and  ు the sign of u Thus కెు is co,  గెు go ఖెు kho &c.

The six letters write the ె separately, as usual The long vowel is formed by adding the accent to  ొ thus కో cō గో gō ఖో khō &c.

Or by adding ె (dirgham) to the  ు thus కెూ cō ఖెూ khō గెూ gō &c.

This compound form is used by all consonants but all of them do not use the simple form.


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NUMBER STORIES TensTransparent square.svgTransparent square.svgTransparent square.svgTransparent square.svgTransparent square.svgNumber Stories, p48-illustration.png First StepTransparent square.svgd StepTransparent square.svg Step HOW CAIUS ADDED WITH PEBBLES If Caius wished to add XXII and CXXXVIIII, he first placed 2 pebbles on the units’ line, as shown in the First Step. He then placed 9 more, as shown in the Second Step. He then took away 10 of these pebbles, and added one pebble to the tens’ line, as shown in the Third Step. The rest of the work is shown on page 49

By placing the pebbles on the lines for units, tens, and so on, he could add quite rapidly. Of course he could not add as rapidly as we do, but no one could work very quickly with numbers in those days, and Caius did as well as anyone else. People did not have much work to do with numbers, and they were not in as great a hurry as we are. 48


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is only of late years that the literature of Germany has been studied in this country. But though many have acquired the language, few have been at the trouble to give translations; while the difficulties, real as well as imaginary, of learning German, have proved an insuperable obstacle to those who contrive to pick up a smattering of French or Italian in a few months.

The majority of those works which profess to be translations from the German, are in fact nothing more than versions of French translations, badly executed in both languages; and being thus a translation of a translation, it may easily be supposed they retain nothing of the original except the dry bones.

Popular as the Sorrows of Werter, for example, have been in England, there is no translation of it from the German, except one that was done some years ago in the following manner: A German teacher (Dr. Render) turned it into his English; and a bookseller’s hack (one of Sir Richard Phillips’s journeymen authors) licked it into decent syntax. I appeal to any one who has read that touching work in German (inferior only, if inferior, to the Nouvelle Heloise of Rousseau), whether he has ever seen a line of it in English, that preserved the pathos, simplicity, and beauty, of Goëthe? The same may be said (with one or two exceptions, where such men as Coleridge have employed their pens) of the works of Schiller, Wieland, &c.

It is the design of the following series of papers to attempt to supply this defect, and to make the English reader acquainted with some of the many admirable


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 He remembered with heartfelt gratitude the old soldier, to whom he was solely indebted for his good fortune; and after some months went to the Weser bridge to find him. He too had not forgotten the generous stranger, and often were his eyes keenly directed in search of his benefactor among the passengers. At length he one day saw a richly-dressed man at a distance, who appeared to resemble the stranger; he approached him hesitatingly, but greeted him with a friendly welcome when he found he was not mistaken.

Francis returned the old man’s greetings, and said, “Friend, can you walk with me as far as the new town, upon a business that concerns yourself? Your trouble shall not go unrewarded.”

“Why not?” answered the soldier. “Though I have a wooden leg, I can get on with it as fast as the lame dwarf who has charge of the city cattle. But wait a moment till that man in the gray coat has passed; every day about this time he gives me a six-groat piece.”

“Follow me now,” said Francis, “you shall not miss the six-groat piece.”

The old man obeyed, and hobbled after Francis, across the little Weser bridge, and over the dyke into Sortillen-street, where the latter stopped opposite a newly-built house, and knocked at the door. It was opened. Francis conducted the soldier in.

“Friend,” said he, “you formerly procured me a delightful evening by means of what you related to me; it is but just I should make the evening of your life serene. This house, with all it contains, and the garden in which it stands, are yours. The kitchen and cellar are well stored; a servant is ready to wait upon you; and, moreover, you will find a six-groat piece every day, at noon, under your plate. The man in the gray coat was my servant, through whom I daily sent you that sum, until this place was ready for you.”

The old man was so surprised with his good fortune that he could not comprehend it. A flood of grateful tears flowed down his cheeks: but he was unable to find words to thank and bless his benefactor.

Francis now made a better use of his wealth than before. He lived frugally, and carried on his affairs with equal industry and integrity. Thus he obliterated among his fellow-citizens all memory of the dishonour which his former prodigality had drawn upon him, and died, honoured and beloved, at a good old age.

had served his master seven years, when he resolved to speak to him. “Sir, my time is out. I should now like to go home again to my mother; so pay me my wages.”

“You have served me well and faithfully,” replied his master. “Your reward shall correspond.”

With these words he gave him a lump of gold as big as his head. Hans took out his pocket handkerchief, wrapped it round the lump which he placed upon his shoulder, and set forth for home.

As he was trudging along, putting one leg before the other with tolerable agility, he saw a horseman coming towards him, sitting at his ease upon an excellent steed.

“Ah!” quoth Hans, as the traveller trotted by, “what a comfortable thing riding is! There sits one, as pleasantly as if he were in a chair, stumbling against no stones, wearing out no shoes, and getting on, he hardly knows how.”

“Well Hans,” said the horseman, who overheard him, “and why do you tramp it then on foot?”

“Ah!” quoth Hans, “I must get this lump home; it is gold to be sure; but I can hardly hold up my head for it, and it galls my shoulders confoundedly!”

“I’ll tell you what,” replied the traveller, “we’ll exchange. I’ll give you my horse, and you shall give me your lump.”

“With all my heart,” said Hans, “but I can tell you one thing; you will find it a hard job to carry it.”

The horseman alighted; took the lump of gold, and helped Hans in the saddle. He then gave him the bridle, Rh


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 but his foot slipping, plump went the stone to the bottom of the well. Hans, as he saw it sink, sprung joyfully up, then knelt down again, and thanked God, with tears in his eyes, for this favour, in having thus freed him from the stone; for it was the only thing wanting to complete his happiness.

“There is not such a happy dog as myself under the sun,” he exclaimed; and now with a lightsome spirit, released from every burden, he hastened along till he arrived at his mother’s house.


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 or to search, and includes a certified true copy of such warrant and a telegraphic notice of the issuance of a warrant of arrest as prescribed in section 77;

“investigation” means the seeking of facts and evidence, which is conducted by an administrative or police official by virtue of his powers and duties to maintain public order and for the purposes of ascertaining the details of an offence;

“inquiry” means the collection of evidence, as well as the conduct of all other acts according to the provisions of this Code, by an inquiry official on account of an alleged offence, for the purposes of ascertaining facts or proving the guilt and bringing the offender to prosecution;

“preliminary examination” means an examination process of a court for ruling about the foundation of a case with which an accused is alleged;

“private place” means any place which is not a public place as prescribed in the Penal Code;

title: Page:กม ร ๘ - ๒๔๗๘ fixed.pdf/1128


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OF LONG AGO Tens UnitsTransparent square.svg UnitsTransparent square.svgeds Tens UnitsNumber Stories, p49-illustration.png Fourth StepTransparent square.svg StepTransparent square.svg Step HOW CAIUS ADDED WITH PEBBLES After the Third Step, as shown on page 48, Caius added 2 pebbles to the tens’ line because of the XX in XXII, as shown in the Fourth Step. He then added 3 more because of the XXX in CXXXVIIII, as shown in the Fifth Step. Finally he drew a line for hundreds, and on this he placed one pebble because of the C in CXXXVIIII. His answer was CLXI

Of course Caius spoke Latin, and so he did not use the word “pebble,” but used the Latin word calculus (kăl'kṹ lŭs), which means “pebble.” So instead of saying that Caius pebbled the answer, we say that he calculated it, using a word that sounds more like Latin, and so we see what our words “calculate” and “calculation” originally meant. 49


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RV 8 (Rh) 2) at the end of the word it sounds almost like German in . Technically a velar spirant [χ].

3) at the end of the word followed by the vowel /u/ this sound is like a sharp puff of breath with the lips rounded.

/l/ is formed farther forward in the mouth than English and is very much like french  in  or Italian  in. The middle of the tongue is closer to the roof of the mouth than it is for English.

/ñ/ is like the sound in English. Technically a palatalized [ñ] or [n$y$].

/r/ is rolled or flapped - the tip of the tongue striking one or more times on the gum ridge behind the upper teeth. It is very much like Italian in.

/š/ approximates the sound in English  rather than in. It is close to the French in.

/t/ is made against the teeth rather than against the ridge back of the teeth as in English. It is otherwise very much like English except in the final position where it is more aspirated (released with a short puff of breath).

/ž/ is like the French in  or somewhat like the English  in in [sic].

/'/ is a glottal stop [ʔ], a stoppage of breath which can be heard before each of the words: if these words are pronounced slowly and deliberately.

/y/ like in, , etc. Between vowels /y/ is just a kind of trough in between the vowel peaks. Both vowels are said distinctly, e.g. /kəyət/ 'where from' /getaye/ 'sir', etc.

/w/ like in. Between vowels /w/ is a slight w-glide, e.g. /baKlowoc/ 'mules'. Where the second vowel is an /o/, /w/ stands for the same kind of trough as described above in the case of /y/. The /w/ trough or glide is rounded. Compare the /w/ glide in /awo/ 'yes', /səwoc/ 'people' with the /y/ glide in /mayət/ 'to see' and /ıyut/ 'look at it'.


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 కొ ఖొ గొ చొ ఛొ ఠొ tho డొ do ఢొ dho తొ థొ దొ ధొ బొ bo భొ bho. రొ ro లొ lo. Four letters have a peculiar shape పొ po ఫొ pho షొ sho సొ so.

All these may be elongated by adding the accent, thus కో cō గో gō &c.

కెు co ఘెు gho మెు mo యెు yo వెు vo శెు so హెు &c.

Most of these are elongated by adding ా (dirgham) as కెూ cō ఖెూ khō &c. పెూ pō వెూ vō నెూ nō. The long form is often (wrongly) written instead of the short.

Thus ĕ and ŭ compounded, (like eau in French) become ō But five letters omit the sign ు when the vowel is long. Thus ఘెూ ghō ఝెూ jhō మెూ mō యెూ yō hō

The vowel ఔ au, or ow, as in cow, out, mount; but it is compounded of A and U and accordingly in common writing the initial shape ఔ is never used; అవు avu being substituted. And the v being silent as already shewn, this is pronounced aw or au. Thus అవుట auta, or, avuta (to become), which in the dictionary is ఔట awta, pronounced like the English word outer. Thus ఔదార్య audaryam generosity, is commonly written అ‍వుదార్యం but the pronunciation remains unaltered.

The is (very needlessly) retained in combination with au as regards some letters. Thus మౌ mau యౌ yau, హౌ hau. The following are the shapes used.


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NUMBER STORIES Number Stories, p50-illustration.png GREEK WAX TABLET This tablet was used by a Greek schoolboy early in the Christian era. The boy wrote part of the multiplication table upon it, and it can still be read. It is now in the British Museum Besides using pebbles, as he sometimes did and as was usually done in earlier times, Caius also used small circular disks like our checkers or button molds, and these he called calculi (kăl'kṹ lē), which is the plural of calculus. When he and the other boys went to school they did not carry notebooks, for paper was unknown, nor did they carry slates; but they sometimes carried small boards covered with wax, and on this wax they wrote with 50


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OF LONG AGO pointed sticks that looked somewhat like our pencils, erasing their work by simply smoothing the wax. They always carried their calculi, however, if they were studying arithmetic. Indeed, practically everyone who did any work with numbers had at hand a small box or bag of these calculi.

Number Stories, p51-illustration.png ROMAN ABACUS Ancient bronze abacus used by the Romans. This is now in the British Museum

Sometimes the merchants used a little calculating machine called an abacus (ăb'åkŭs), in which the calculi moved in grooves. 51


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Waller
Waller here is doubtless a typesetting error for wallet, in the older sense, as used on page 12 "he will fill his wallet with our clothes". Rich Farmbrough, 14:58 26 September 2023 (GMT)

Crowdle
Crowdle has a few meanings, relating mainly to huddling together. The term also seems related to crowdy (thick porridge, with the consistency of a pudding), I wonder if crowdie was meant here. More research needed. Rich Farmbrough, 15:48 26 September 2023 (GMT)


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NUMBER STORIES While Caius was learning to add and subtract with the Roman numerals and with calculi, a Chinese boy, whom we may know as Wu (wōō), was learning to add and subtract with the numerals which Chang had studied many years before. He too found it necessary to use something like the calculi which Caius had worked with, but instead of pebbles or small disks he used rods made of bamboo.

Number Stories, p52-illustration.png ANCIENT CHINESE STICK NUMERALS The number 1267 expressed by means of rods or sticks by the old Chinese method

Wu thought he was doing something remarkable if he added two large numbers in two minutes. You would probably add them in a few seconds, but think how much longer it would take if you had only a little pile of sticks with which to work. It took Wu some time to lay the sticks out to represent a number and still longer to represent two numbers and then to find their sum. 52


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OF LONG AGO This plan of computing by bamboo rods was carried by the Chinese to Korea, but the Koreans used rods made of bone, and continued to do this in their schools and in business calculations until quite recently.

Number Stories, p53-illustration.png KOREAN RODS Computing rods made of bone. Until quite recently these were used in the schools of Korea. The numbers were represented somewhat as the Chinese numerals were, as shown on page 52 53


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NUMBER STORIES It was more than a thousand years after Wu learned to add with the bamboo rods that the Chinese adopted the old Roman idea of having the calculi fastened to an abacus, and so they invented their reckoning board, or suan pan (swän pän). This they use in the schools, banks, and shops throughout all of China even to this day, and they often calculate more rapidly in this way than we can with pencil and paper. You have probably seen the suan pan used if you have ever visited a Chinese laundry in any of our cities.

Number Stories, p54-illustration.png CHINESE ABACUS Chinese abacus, or suan pan. This instrument is used everywhere in China to-day 54


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OF LONG AGO About three hundred years ago there went to school in Japan a boy named Seki (sā kē), whose teacher had recently learned about an improvement which the Japanese had made on the Chinese abacus.

So Seki learned how to compute on the soroban (sō'rṓ bän'), which is the Japanese form of the suan pan of China, and this instrument is used everywhere in Japan to-day.

Number Stories, p55-illustration.png JAPANESE ABACUS Japanese abacus, or soroban. This instrument is used everywhere in Japan to-day

Seki grew up and became the greatest mathematician of Japan, and his name is known everywhere in that country and is also familiar to many mathematical scholars in other parts of the world.

Many Japanese can add and subtract more rapidly with the soroban than we can with pencil and paper. 55


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Rh కౌ ఖౌ గౌ ఘౌ చౌ ఛౌ జౌ ఝౌ టౌ ఠౌ డౌ ఢౌ ణౌ తౌ థౌ దౌ ధౌ నౌ పౌ ఫౌ బౌ భౌ మౌ యౌ రౌ లౌ శౌ షౌ సౌ హౌ క్షౌ.

For the sake of uniformity in the dictionary, the monosyllable forms of AI and AU are used. Thus, for the words పయిట pa-yi-ta (a woman's veil) and కవుజు ca-vu-zu (a partridge) we must use the spelling పైట and కౌజు. Sanscrit words invariably use the monosyllabic forms: Telugu words use these or the dissyllabic forms at pleasure. Poets adopt whichever form suits the metre. Thus కౌగిలి cau-gi-li (an embrace) is a dactyl, formed of a long syllable and two shorts. But this may be written కవుగిలి ca-vu-gi-li (four shorts) or by inserting ం that is, N, they write కవుంగిలి ca-vun-gi-li whereby the second syllable becomes long.

The reader now perceives that the vowels may be thus diversified.

ఇ may become య; for ఈ they use యా; for ఉ, and ఊ, వు and వూ; for ఎ and ఏ they use యె యే; for ఐ they always write అయ; for, ఒ and ఓ they use వెు and వెూ or even యొ yo, యో yō. And ఔ au becomes అవు.

The first 25 consonants, as shewn in the alphabet stand in five lines each of which contains four letters beside a nasal.

The four letters which thus form one line are looked upon as one and the same. This particularly happens as regards initials wherein according to grammatical principles denominated sandhi, (which will be explained elsewhere) the “hard” letters కచటతప are softened and respectively become గజడదబ.


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NUMBER STORIES About four hundred years ago there was born in England a boy named Robert Record (rĕk'ŏrd). When he went to school he was taught to use the Roman numerals, and he added, subtracted, multiplied, and divided numbers very much as Caius had learned to do when he computed with the aid of calculi about fifteen hundred years earlier.

Number Stories, p56-illustration.png PLAN OF A COMPUTING TABLE This plan shows the arrangement of lines on the kind of computing table used in most parts of Europe in the Middle Ages. It was still extensively used when Columbus made his voyages to America

Two important changes, however, had been made in that length of time. Instead of having places on the computing table for only units, tens, hundreds, and so on, the spaces between the lines were used for fives, fifties, five 56


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OF LONG AGO hundreds, and similarly for all other fives, and the lines were now horizontal. We do not know when these changes were made, but they came in what are called the Dark iges.

Number Stories, p57-illustration.png HOW ROBERT WROTE 1922 WITH COUNTERS This shows how Robert Record represented MDCCCCXXII, or 1922, by counters. We sometimes see the number written MCMXXII, but this is not the old way of writing it. The cross was always placed on the 1000’s line so as to aid the eye in reading the number. It finally suggested the use of the comma in writing a number like 47,256

Because Robert cast the calculi down on the board, he spoke of “casting an account,” and this expression is sometimes used to-day. The board on which he counted was generally called a “counter.” We buy goods over the counter to-day, not thinking what the word originally meant. Robert also called the calculi “counters,” and if you have read Shakespeare you may have seen the expression “a counter 57


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of the first tasks before the Indian people is the rewriting of their own history. And this, in accordance with the tacit rule of modern learning, will have to be carried out, not by one, but by a combination of individuals; in other words, by an Indian learned society. It is a strange but incontrovertible truth, that none of us knows himself unless he also know whence he arose. To recognise the geographical unity and extent of the great whole we call India is not enough; it is imperative also to understand how it came to be.

Fortunately we are now in possession of a single precious volume—The Early History of India, by Vincent Smith—of which it may roughly be said that it embodies the main results of the work concerning India done during the last century by the Royal Asiatic Society. We must be grateful for so handy a compendium summarising for and opening to the Indian worker the results achieved by the European organisation of research, as nothing else could have done, save that personal intercourse with great scholars which is at present beyond his reach. Vincent Smith's work may seem 175


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 blood will soften the diamond; the moderns laugh and deny this assertion most positively. Lately I met with a diamond at a jeweller’s which was so soft as to be capable of receiving an impression. As it had evidently been beautifully cut and highly polished, this softness could only have taken place latterly. On viewing it closely I observed a dark red stain, as if it had been dipped in blood, which had adhered to it. Being fond of natural curiosities I bought it, although the man asked a considerable sum; it was not, however, too much, considering the rarity of the thing.”

Nadasti expressed a desire to see it, and Father Paul went to his chamber to fetch it.

“It is still in what was probably its original setting,” he said, as he unclasped the case, and handed it to Count Harras, who sat next to him.

The old nobleman gazed at it with astonishment. “Why, Viola, my love, this was yours; I sent it to you as a memorial of your departed mother.”

“The jeweller bought it of a boy who said he found it among the rocks,” observed Father Paul.

“Look at it, my child,” continued the Count, offering the case to her; but with a faint scream she covered her eyes with her hands. “This is folly,” exclaimed her father; “take the jewel.”

“Why not, my own Viola?” said Nadasti, fondly taking it from her father, and approaching her; but even while he spoke his eyes fell on the bodkin—he turned pale, shuddered, and the wound in his hand burst out bleeding. Like lightning did the past flash on his mind, and his voice thundered out—“Accursed sorceress! now do I remember thee. It was thy devilish spells which tore my soul from its tenement! My blood it is which has crimsoned this stone! see how it flows afresh. Maria, gentle, innocent being! have I sacrificed thee, and to such an one!”

Viola, pallid and fainting, stretched out her arms imploringly towards him, and would have thrown herself on his bosom, but he repulsed her; and as he did so the point of the bodkin pierced her heart. “Ah, that pain!” she murmured; all“all [sic] is now accomplished. Forgive me, my lord, my husband! I am no sorceress; I am weak, but not wicked. Gertrude can tell you all. Forgive—forgive!” Her spirit fled with the last accents.

Nadasti shortly fell in battle, and Serini is supposed to have died in the Holy Land, whither he went as a pilgrim.

The sympathies of nature are neither exploded by philosophy, nor condemned by religion. These two luminaries of the mind do not extinguish, but only regulate the affections; restraining them when inordinate, and reducing them under the dominion of reason when they begin to acquire an undue and dangerous tendency.

The thing that is uttered from the inmost parts of a man’s soul differs altogether from what is uttered by the outer part. The outer is of to-day, and passes away; the inmost is the same yesterday, to-day, and for ever.

The weakness of sickly and imperfect virtue might perhaps often be recovered and strengthened by the support, and in the society of more fixed and regular characters, and this would lead to its being established upon a better and surer foundation.


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“My child, you have passed the night in weeping, instead of sleeping, again,” said the aged Gertrude, as she came to the bed-side of the young Countess Viola, to awaken her. “How you have dimmed those pretty eyes! Fie, fie! if you go on thus much longer, you will wash all the bloom of youth away before it has come to perfection. Come, come, cheer up. See, I have brought you a beautiful new dress for the ball at your sister’s wedding. Here’s embroidery! My little Viola will outshine all the court dames there. Now, get up, and let us see how you look in this lovely dress.”

“Ah, my dear nurse,” replied the young maiden, leaning her aching head on the bosom of her faithful attendant, “how can you talk to me of weddings and balls? Take away that costly robe. Would that I could be attired as a simple peasant girl, and be as happy as one.”

“Silly child!” said Gertrude; “a straw hat may cover as aching a head as a golden coronet. Reared in the solitude of this castle, you know little of the world, nay, even of your own heart. Believe me, sweet, many a maiden of your age, who would willingly have given half her life to obtain her lover, would in a very short time gladly surrender the other half to be quit of him again.”

“But it is not so with me, good Gertrude! Separated from Serini, nor heaven nor earth would have any happiness for me. Dear nurse, do not you be dazzled by the riches and magnificence of my sister’s lover, and scorn my poor, devoted Serini.”

Gertrude was moved by the piteous accents of her young mistress, and besides was a great admirer of the brave, gallant boy, whose devotion to that fair maiden was so earnest and sincere; she therefore sought to soothe and console her, adding, “I know for a certainty that one day you will see all your wishes fulfilled.”

“How often you have said that, nurse; tell me, how do you know this? Do, do tell me, dear nurse; now that I am sad, it will console me to hear the ground of your certain hopes.”

The old woman asked nothing better than to be coaxed and entreated, and after a while replied thus: “When little, you were a poor sickly child, and anything but pretty; therefore no one cared much about you, but abandoned you solely to my care, while all petted and caressed your lovely sister Maria. One day, as I was out walking with you, the ‘old woman of the woods’ met us. ‘Gertrude,’ she exclaimed, ‘what an angel that child is!’ and she kissed your little hands and feet, and seemed as if she would never have done admiring you. ‘Good mother,’ I said, ‘my little Viola is a gentle, amiable child; but if you want to see beauty, go and look at her sister Maria.Maria.’ [sic] ‘Maria is fair,’ replied the old woman, ‘but Viola is fairer; and where she appears, her sister must give place. She will be happy in love, and have the handsomest man in all the kingdom for her husband.’ With this she kissed your hand again, and hobbled away. So you see, my darling, that, as her prophecy respecting your beauty is come to pass, I hope that the rest will also be fulfilled; although, sooth to say, there seems little chance of it now.”

Viola sprang up joyfully: “Thanks, dear nurse!” she exclaimed. “My hopes revive; I may yet become Serini’s bride. It was but yesternight we vowed eternal fidelity.”

There was a sound beneath the window as if some one thrice clapped their hands; it was the lover’s signal, and hastily kissing her nurse, Viola bounded with fairy step and sparkling eyes to meet him. “But why thus equipped for travelling?” she inquired, as she gazed on his clouded brow.

“I must leave you for a few days,” was the reply; “the Count Nadasti requires my presence.”

“And must you go? Why not remain here, near your Viola?”

“How willingly would I do so; but the Count is my feudal lord, and must not be denied. He wishes to celebrate his approaching nuptials with all due pomp.”

“It is to his marriage then that you are summoned!” exclaimed Viola. “How delightful! We shall meet there. Nadasti is to marry my sister. Now I will go and wear my gay dress since you are to be there.”

Serini felt by no means so delighted. Viola would see her sister wedded to the rich and powerful Count Nadasti, whose wealth and splendour could not but dazzle so young and inexperienced a girl. Would she, after this, look on the vassal Serini, who could only offer to his bride a poor pittance, and even that dependent on the will of her sister’s husband? His melancholy and emotion did not escape the notice of the maiden, but she was too youthful and inexperienced to dream even of its cause; she only wondered why he should be sad when she felt so happy, and was half inclined to doubt the truth of his affection.


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176 FOOTFALLS OF INDIAN HISTORY to some of us, considering its scope and subject, to be curiously unspiritual. Yet is it the veritable handing on to a new generation of scholars of the torch of the spirit.

Nothing surely in all the story here told of early India is more inspiring than that of the Guptas of Magadha and the empire which they, from their ancient seat of Pataliputra, established over the whole of India, The central fact about this great Gupta Empire, as it will seem to Indian readers, is the identification of Vikramaditya, who is now seen to have been "of Ujjain" merely in the familiar modern sense of the title added to the name of the conqueror. Vikramaditya of Ujjain, then, was no other than Chandragupta II of Pataliputra, who reigned from A.D. 375 to A.D. 413.

If this was so, we might take the year A.D. 400 as a sort of water-parting in the history of the development of modern India. The desire becomes irresistible to know how far the Puranic Age was then developed and established; to what extent and under what form Buddhism was still remembered; what was the political outlook of a Hindu of the period; and, among the most important of the questions to be answered, what were the great cities that made up the Indian idea of India, and what the associations of each? The answer to the last of these queries, if discoverable at all, would be of vastly greater significance than all the facts as to sovereigns and kingdoms about


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NUMBER STORIES Number Stories, p58-illustration.png PAGE FROM ROBERT RECORD’S BOOK This page from Robert Record’s “Ground of Artes” was printed nearly four hundred years ago

caster,” meaning a man who could calculate only with counters and not with pencil and paper as we do. We sometimes use counters to-day in keeping the score in games. 58


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Amendments to the Ordinance Appended to the Constitution of the Philippines (1939)

"Subsection (5) of section 1 of the Ordinance appended to the Constitution of the Philippines is amended to read as follows:

"'(5) Trade relations between the Philippines and the United States shall be upon the basis prescribed in section six of Public Act Numbered One hundred and twenty-seven of the Congress of the United States approved March twenty-four, nineteen hundred and thirty-four, as amended by the Act of Congress of the United States, approved August seven, nineteen hundred and thirty-nine.'"

"Section 3 of the Ordinance appended to the Constitution of the Philippines is amended to read as follows:

"' All other provisions of Public Act Numbered One hundred and twenty-seven of the Congress of the United States, approved March twenty-four, nineteen hundred and thirty-four, as amended by the Act of Congress of the United States, approved August seven, nineteen hundred and thirty-nine, applicable to the Government of the Commonwealth of the Philippines, are hereby made a part of this Ordinance as if such provisions were expressly inserted herein.'"

The Act of Congress of the United States approved August 7, 1939, referred to in the above-proposed amendments to sections 1 and 3 of the Ordinance appended to the Constitution of the Philippines reads thus:

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That section 6 of the Act of March 24, 1934, entitled "An Act to provide for the complete independence of the Philippine Islands, to provide for the adoption of a constitution and a form of government for the Philippine Islands, and for other purposes" (48 Stat. 456), is hereby amended to read as follows:

" During the period beginning January 1, 1940, and ending July 3, 1946, trade relations between the United States and the Philippines shall be as now provided by law, subject to the following exceptions:

"(a) On and after January 1, 1941, the Philippine Government shall impose and collect an export tax on every Philippine article shipped from the Philippines to the United States, except as otherwise specifically provided in this section. Said tax shall be computed in the same manner hereinafter set forth in this subsection and in subsection (c) of this section. During the period January 1, 1941, through December 31, 1941, the export tax on every such article shall be 5 per centum of the United States duty; on each succeeding January 1 thereafter the export tax shall be increased progressively by an additional 5 per centum of the United States duty, except that during the period January 1, 1946, through July 3, 1946, the export tax shall remain at 25 per centum of the United States duty.

"(b) (1) No export tax described in subsection (a) of this section shall be imposed or collected upon any Philippine article of a class or kind in respect of which a quota is established by subdivision (3) of this subsection, nor upon copra or manila (abacá) fiber not dressed or manufactured in any manner.

"(2) The United States duty shall be levied, collected, and paid in the United States upon every article which is of a class or kind in respect of which a quota is established by subdivision (3) of this subsection and which is entered, or withdrawn from warehouse, for consumption after December 31, 1939, in excess of its respective quota: Provided, however, That nothing in this section or any subsection thereof shall be construed to exempt the quota of coconut oil therein provided for from the excise taxes provided for in section 2470 of the Internal Revenue Code (I. R. C., ch. 21, sec. 2470).

"(3) For the purposes indicated in subdivisions (1) and (2) of this subsection, there are hereby established the following quotas of the designated Philippine articles: For the calendar year 1940, the quotas, hereafter called original quotas, shall be as follows:

 * "a. cigars (exclusive of cigarettes, cheroots of all kinds, and paper cigars and cigarettes including wrappers), two hundred million cigars;

 * "b. scrap tobacco, and stemmed and unstemmed filler tobacco described in paragraph 602 of the Tariff Act of 1930, four million five hudnred thousand pounds;

 * "c. coconut oil, two hundred thousand long tons;

 * "d. buttons of pearl or shell, eight hundred and fifty thousand gross.

For each calendar year thereafter through the calendar year 1945, each of the said quotas shall be the same as the corresponding quota for the immediately preceding calendar year, less 5 per centum of the corresponding original quota.

"For the period January 1, 1946, through July 3, 1946, each of said quotas shall be one-half of the corresponding quota specified for the calendar year 1945.

"(c) The Philippine Government, in imposing and collecting export taxes on Philippine embroideries, shall compute the tax in accordance with the formulas specified in subsection (a) of this section, except that in determining the taxable value of any such article, an allowance shall be made equal to the cost — cost, insurance, and freight the Philippines — of any cloth of United States origin used in the production thereof.

"(d) The United States duty shall be levied, collected and paid, in the United States, upon all Philippine sugars, which are entered, or withdrawn from warehouse, for consumption in any calendar year after 1939, in excess of eight hundred and fifty thousand long tons, of which not more than fifty thousand long tons may be refined sugars: Provided, however, That for the period January 1, 1946, through July 3, 1946, the quota of Philippine sugars, not subject to the United States duty, shall be four hundred and twenty-five thousand long tons, of which not more than twenty-five thousand long tons may be refined sugars. Any export tax imposed and collected on Philippine sugars entered or withdrawn from warehouse for consumption in excess of the quotas established by this subsection shall be refunded by the Philippine Government.

"(e) Upon the expiration of the Act of June 14, 1935 (49 Stat. 340), as extended to May 1, 1941, by proclamation of the President, dated January 26, 1938, the total amount of all Philippine cordage coming into the United States which may be entered or withdrawn from warehouse, for consumption during the remainder of the calendar year 1941, shall not exceed four million pounds and in any calendar year after 1941 shall not exceed six million pounds: Provided, however, That for the period January 1, 1946, through July 3, 1946, the total amount of Philippine cordage which may be entered, or withdrawn from warehouse, for consumption shall not exceed three million pounds.

"(f) (1) The quotas for sugars established by subsection (d) of this Section shall be allocated annually as prescribed in section 6 (d) of the Act of March 24, 1934 (48 Stat. 456), which section in this respect is not repealed by this amendatory Act.

"(2) The quotas for cordage, established by subsection (e) of this section, and by the Act of June 14, 1935, shall be allocated by authorities of the Philippine Government among the manufacturers of such commodities proportionately upon the basis of the shipment of each such manufacturer to the United States during the twelve months immediately preceding the inauguration of the Commonwealth of the Philippines.

"(3) The quotas for all articles for which quotas are established by this section, except sugars and cordage, shall in each instance be allocated by authorities of the Philippine Government among the manufacturers whose products were shipped to the United States during the calendar year 1937, on the basis of the proportion which each manufacturer's maximum production shipped to the United States, directly or through other persons, in any calendar year during the five-year period, 1933 through 1937, bears to the total of such maximum shipments of all such manufacturers.

"(4) If, after the first nine months of any quota year, the holder of any allotment under any of the quotas established by this Act or by the Act of June 14, 1935, is or will be unable for any reason to ship to the United States by the end of the quota year the total amount of his allocation for that year, the Philippine Government shall apportion that amount of such allocation which it is established by sufficient evidence cannot be shipped to the United States during the remainder of the quota year in such manner and in accordance with such rules and regulations as it may prescribe.

"(g) (1) The Philippine Government shall pay to the Secretary of the Treasury of the United States, at the end of each calendar quarter, all of the moneys received during such quarter from export taxes (less refunds), imposed and collected in accordance with the provisions of this section, and said moneys shall be deposited in an account with the Treasurer of the United States and shall constitute a supplementary sinking fund for the payment of bonds of the Philippines, its Provinces, cities, and municipalities, issued prior to May 1, 1934, under authority of Acts of Congress: Provided, however, That moneys received from any export tax imposed on any article which is shipped from the Philippines to the United States prior to July 4, 1946, and which is entered, or withdrawn from warehouse for consumption, on or after July 4, 1946, shall be refunded by the independent Government of the Philippines.

"(2) The said Secretary of the Treasury is authorized to accept the deposits of the proceeds of the export taxes referred to in subdivision (1) of this subsection in accordance with the Act of June 11, 1934 (48 Stat. 929).

"(3) The Secretary of the Treasury of the United States, with the approval of the Philippine Government, is authorized to purchase with such supplementary sinking fund bonds of the Philippines, its Provinces, cities, and municipalities, issued prior to May 1, 1934, under authority of Acts of Congress and to invest such fund in interest-bearing obligations of the United States or in obligations guaranteed as to both principal and interest by the United States. Whenever the Secretary of the Treasury finds that such fund is in excess of an amount adequate to meet future interest and principal payments on all such bonds, he may, with the approval of the Philippine Government, purchase with such excess any other bonds of the Philippines, its Provinces, cities, municipalities, and instrumentalities. For the purpose of this subsection obligations may be acquired on original issue at par, or by purchase of outstanding obligations at the market price. Any obligations acquired by the fund may, with the approval of the Philippine Government, be sold by the Secretary of the Treasury at the market price and the proceeds of such sale and the proceeds of the payment upon maturity or redemption of any obligations held in the supplementary sinking fund, as well as all moneys in any manner earned by such fund or on any obligations acquired by said fund, shall be paid into the said fund.

"(4) During the three months preceding July 4, 1946, the Philippine Government and the Secretary of the Treasury of the United States shall confer to ascertain that portion of the bonds of the Philippines, its Provinces, cities, and municipalities, issued prior to May 1, 1934, under authority of Acts of Congress, which will remain outstanding on July 4, 1946; and the Philippine Government shall turn over to the Secretary of the Treasury of the United States for destruction all such bonds that are then held, canceled, or uncanceled, in any of the sinking funds maintained for the payment of such bonds. After such outstanding portion of this indebtedness is thus determined, and before July 4, 1946, (i) there shall be set up with the Treasurer of the United States a special trust account in the name of the Secretary of the Treasury of the United States to pay future interest and principal payments on such bonds; (ii) the Philippine Government shall pay to the Secretary of the Treasury of the United States for deposit in this special trust account all of the sinking funds maintained for the payment of such bonds; and (iii) the Secretary of the Treasury of the United States shall transfer into this special trust account all of the proceeds of the supplementary sinking fund referred to in subdivision (1) of this subsection. Any portion of such special trust account found by the Secretary of the Treasury of the United States on July 4, 1946, to be in excess of an amount adequate to meet future interest and principal payments on all such outstanding bonds shall be turned over to the Treasury of the independent Government of the Philippines to be set up as an additional sinking fund to be used for the purpose of liquidating and paying all other obligations of the Philippines, its Provinces, cities, municipalities, and instrumentalities. To the extent that such special trust account is determined by the Secretary of the Treasury of the United States to be insufficient to pay interest and principal on the outstanding bonds of the Philippines, its Provinces, cities, and municipalities, issued prior to May 1, 1934, under authority of Acts of Congress, the Philippine Government shall, on or before July 3, 1946, pay to the Secretary of the Treasury of the United States for deposit in such special trust account an amount which said Secretary of the Treasury determines is required to assure payment of principal and interest on such bonds: Provided, however, That if the Secretary of the Treasury of the United States finds that this requirement would impose an undue hardship upon the Philippines,, then the Philippine Government shall continue to provide annually the necessary funds for the payment of interest and principal on such bonds until such time as the Secretary of the Treasury of the United States determines that the amount in the special trust account is adequate to meet interest and principal payments on such bonds.

"(5) On and after July 4, 1946, the Secretary of the Treasury of the United States is authorized, with the approval of the independent Government of the Philippines, to purchase at the market price for the special trust account bonds of the Philippines, its Provinces, cities, and municipalities, issued prior to May 1, 1934, under authority of Acts of Congress. The Secretary of the Treasury of the United States is also authorized, with the approval of the independent Government of the Philippines, to invest all or any part of such special trust account in any interest-bearing obligations of the United States or in any obligations guaranteed as to both principal and interest by the United States. Such obligations may be acquired on original issue at par or by purchase of outstanding obligations at the market price, and any obligations acquired by the special trust account may, with the approval of the independent Government of the Philippines, be sold by the Secretary of the Treasury at the market price, and the proceeds of the payment upon maturity or redemption of such obligations shall be held as a part of such special trust account. Whenever the special trust account is determined by the Secretary of the Treasury of the United States to be adequate to meet interest and principal payments on all outstanding bonds of the Philippines, its Provinces, cities, and municipalities, issued prior to May 1, 1934, under authority of Acts of Congress, the Secretary of the Treasury is authorized to pay from such trust account the principal of such outstanding bonds and to pay all interest due and owing on such bonds. All such bonds and interest coupons paid or purchased by the special trust account shall be canceled and destroyed by the Secretary of the Treasury of the United States. From time to time after July 4, 1946, any moneys in such special trust account found by the Secretary of the Treasury of the United States to be in excess of an amount adequate to meet interest and principal payments on all such bonds shall be turned over to the treasurer of the independent Government of the Philippines.

"(h) No article shipped from the Philippines to the United States on or after January 1, 1941, subject to an export tax provided for in this section, shall be admitted to entry in the United States until the importer of such article shall present to the United States collector of customs a certificate, signed by a competent authority of the Philippine Government, setting forth the value and quantity of the article and the rate and amount of the export tax paid, or shall give a bond for the production of such certificate within six months from the date of entry."

Section 8 of the said Act of March 24, 1934, is hereby amended by adding thereto a new subsection as follows:

"(d) Pending the final and complete withdrawal of the sovereignty of the United States over the Philippine Islands, except as otherwise provided by this Act, citizens and corporations of the Philippine Islands shall enjoy in the United States and all places subject to its jurisdiction all of the rights and privileges which they respectively shall have enjoyed therein under the laws of the United States in force at the time of the inauguration of the Government of the Commonwealth of the Philippine Islands."

Section 10 of the said Act of March 24, 1934, is hereby amended by adding the following subsection thereto:

"(c) (1) Whenever the President of the United States shall find that any properties in the Philippines, owned by the Philippine Government or by private persons, would be suitable for diplomatic or consular establishments of the United States after the inauguration of the independent Government, he may, with the approval of the Philippine Government, and in exchange for the conveyance of title to the United States, transfer to the said Government or private persons any properties of the United States in the Philippines. Title to any properties so transferred to private persons, and title to any properties so acquired by the United States, shall be vested in fee simple in such persons and the United States, respectively, notwithstanding the provisions contained in subsection (a) of this section.

"(2) Whenever, prior to July 4, 1946, the President of the United States shall find that any properties of the United States in the Philippines would be suitable for diplomatic and consular establishments of the United States after the inauguration of the independent Government, he shall designate the same by the issuance of a proclamation or proclamations, and title to any properties so designated shall continue to be vested in fee simple in the United States notwithstanding the provisions contained in subsection (a) of this section.

"(3) Title to the lands and buildings pertaining to the official residences of the United States High Commissioner to the Philippine Islands in the cities of Manila and Baguio, together with all fixtures and movable objects, shall continue to be vested in the United States after July 4, 1946, notwithstanding the provisions contained in subsection (a) of this section.

"(4) Administrative supervision and control over any properties acquired or designated by the President of the United States pursuant to this subsection, and over the official residences in the Philippines of the High Commissioner, shall, on and after July 4, 1946, be exercised by the Secretary of State, in accordance with Acts of Congress relating to property held by the United States in foreign countries for official establishments."

Section 13 of the said Act of March 24, 1934, is hereby amended by striking out the proviso and inserting in lieu thereof the following: "Provided, That at least two years prior to the date fixed in this Act for the independence of the Philippine Islands, there shall be held a conference of representatives of the Government of the United States and the Government of the Commonwealth of the Philippine Islands, such representatives, on the part of the United States, to consist of three United States Senators appointed by the President of the Senate, three Members of the House of Representatives appointed by the Speaker of the House, and three persons appointed by the President of the United States, and, on the part of the Philippines, to consist of nine representatives to be appointed by the President of the Commonwealth of the Philippines, with the consent of the Commission on Appointments of the National Assembly, for the purpose of formulating recommendations as to future trade relations between the United States and the independent Philippine Republic, the time, place, and manner of holding such conference to be determined by the President of the United States; but nothing in this proviso shall be construed to modify or affect in any way any provision of this Act relating to the procedure leading up to Philippine independence or the date upon which the Philippine Islands shall become independent.

"In the event any vacancy occurs in the Commission by reason of the death, resignation, or retirement of any member thereof, such vacancy may be filled by the authority appointing the member whose death, resignation, or retirement caused the vacancy."

The said Act of March 24, 1934, is further amended by the addition of the following new section:

" (a) As used in sections 6 and 10 of this Act —

"(1) The term 'United States,' when used in a geographical sense, but not the term 'continental United States,' includes all Territories and possessions of the United States, other than the Philippines.

"(2) The term 'cordage' includes yarns, twines (including binding twine described in paragraph 1622 of the Tariff Act of 1930 (46 Stat. 675)), cords, cordage, rope and cable, tarred or untarred, wholly or in chief value of manila (abacá) or other hard fiber.

"(3) The term 'Philippine Government' means the Government of the Commonwealth of the Philippines.

"(4) The term 'United States duty,' when used in connection with the computation of export taxes, means the lowest rate of ordinary customs duty in effect at the time of the shipment of the article concerned from the Philippines and applicable to like articles imported into the continental United States from any foreign country, except Cuba, or when more than one rate of ordinary customs duty is applicable to such like articles, the aggregate of such rates.

"(5) The term 'refined sugars' possesses the same meaning as the term 'direct-consumption sugar' as defined in section 101 of the Sugar Act of 1937.

"(6) The term 'Philippine article' means an article the growth, produce or manufacture of the Philippines, in the production of which no materials of other than Philippine or United States origin valued in excess of 20 per centum of the total value of such article was used and which is brought into the United States from the Philippines.

"(7) The term 'American article' means an article the growth, produce, or manufacture of the United States, in the production of which no materials of other than Philippine or United States origin valued in excess of 20 per centum of the total value of such article was used and which is brought into the Philippines from the United States.

"(8) The term 'Philippine import duty' means the lowest rate of ordinary customs duty applicable at the port of arrival, at the time of entry, or withdrawal from warehouse, for consumption of the article concerned, to like articles imported into the Philippines from any other foreign country, or when more than one rate of ordinary customs duty is applicable to such like articles, the aggregate of such rates.

"(b) As used in subsection (a) of this section:

"(1) The terms 'includes' and 'including' shall not be deemed to exclude other things otherwise within the meaning of the term defined.

"(2) The term 'ordinary customs duty' shall not include any import duty or charge which is imposed to compensate for an internal tax imposed in respect of a like domestic product or in respect of a commodity from which the imported product has been manufactured or produced in whole or in part."

The said Act of March 24, 1934, is further amended by the addition of the following new section:

" (a) The proceeds of the excise taxes imposed by section 2470 of the Internal Revenue Code (I. R. C., ch. 21, sec. 2470), and of the import taxes imposed by sections 2490 and 2491 of the Internal Revenue Code (I. R. C, ch. 22, secs. 2490, 2491), collected on or after January 1, 1939, and accrued prior to July 4, 1946, and required to be held in separate or special funds and paid into the Treasury of the Philippines, together with any moneys hereafter appropriated in accordance with the authorization contained in section 503 of the Sugar Act of 1937 (50 Stat. 915) by virtue of accruals of excise and import taxes prior to July 4, 1946, shall be held as separate funds and paid into the Treasury of the Philippines to be used for the purpose of meeting new or additional expenditures which will be necessary in adjusting Philippine economy to a position independent of trade preferences in the United States and in preparing the Philippines for the assumption of the responsibilities of an independent state: Provided, however, That the portion of such funds expended by the Government of the Commonwealth of the Philippines shall be budgeted, appropriated, and accounted for separately from other moneys of that Government.

"(b) If the President of the United States finds that the Government of the Commonwealth of the Philippines has failed or is about to fail to comply with any requirement of subsections (a) and (c) of this section, he shall direct the Secretary of the Treasury of the United States to withhold or discontinue, during any period or periods of time specified by the President of the United States further payments in whole or in part.

"(c) The provisions contained in section 2476 of the Internal Revenue Code (I. R. C., ch. 21, sec. 2476), prohibiting further payments in the event that the Government of the Commonwealth of the Philippines should provide by law for the subsidization of producers of copra, coconut oil, or allied products, and the provisions contained in the Sugar Act of 1937, specifying the purpose for which such appropriations could be used by the said Government and the manner and condition of transfer, shall not apply to any moneys collected or appropriated pursuant to said Acts on or after January 1, 1939, and to this extent are hereby repealed: Provided, however, That the restriction contained in the proviso to section 503 of the Sugar Act of 1937 shall continue in full force and effect: And provided further, That no part of the proceeds of the excise taxes herein referred to shall be paid directly or indirectly as a subsidy to the producers or processors of copra, coconut oil or allied products, except that this provision shall not be construed as prohibiting the use of a portion of said funds for facilities for better curing of copra, or for bona fide production loans to Philippine copra producers.

"(d) Nothing contained herein shall be construed as obligating the United States to continue for any period of time any or all of the excise and import taxes imposed by sections 2470, 2490, 2491 of the Internal Revenue Code or by sections 3490, 3500, 3501 of the Internal Revenue Code (I. R. C, ch. 32, secs. 3490, 3500, 3501).

"(e) Notwithstanding the provisions of section 4 of the Act of March 8, 1902 (32 Stat. 54), or of any other provision of law, on or after the first day of the second month following the passage of this amendatory Act, except as otherwise provided in this section, all customs duties collected in accordance with sections 6 and 13 of this Act, on any article the growth, produce, or manufacture of the Philippines, in the production of which no materials of other than Philippine or United States origin valued in excess of 20 per centum of the total value of such article, was used and which is brought into the United States from the Philippines, and all customs duties collected on any other article brought into the United States from the Philippines, shall be covered into the general fund of the Treasury of the United States and shall not be paid into the Treasury of the Philippines."

(a) Sections 1 to 5, inclusive, of this amendatory Act shall become effective on January 1, 1940, if before that date —

(1) Subsection 5 of section 1 of the Ordinance appended to the Constitution of the Philippines shall have been amended in the manner now provided by law, by changing the final period of said subsection to a comma, and by adding thereto the words: "as amended by the Act of Congress of the United States approved (followed by the date of the approval of this amendatory Act)", and section 3 of the said Ordinance shall have been amended by inserting immediately after the words "approved March 24, 1934" the same amendatory language mentioned above.

(2) The President of the United States shall have found and proclaimed that the Philippine Government has enacted, subsequent to the adoption of the amendments to the Constitution of the Philippines (as provided in subdivision (1) of this subsection), a law relating to export taxes (as provided in section 1), and has retained those Philippine laws relating to sinking-fund and currency matters which were in effect on May 20, 1938.

(b) Section 1 of this amendatory Act shall remain in full force and effect from the effective date thereof until July 4, 1946, unless the President of the United States shall, prior to July 4, 1946, have found and proclaimed that the Philippine Government has, in any substantial respect, repealed or amended, or failed or refused to enforce or administer any Philippine law referred to in subdivision (2) of subsection (a) of this section. In the event of such a finding and proclamation, section 1 shall immediately become ineffective and trade relations between the United States and the Philippines shall be as provided by section 6 of the Act of March 24, 1934, prior to the enactment of this amendatory Act and by section 13 of the said Act.

(c) Sections 6 and 7 of this amendatory Act shall become effective upon its enactment.

. Notwithstanding the provisions contained in section 8 (a) (3) of the Act of March 24, 1934 (48 Stat. 456), entitled "An Act to provide for the complete independence of the Philippine Islands, to provide for the adoption of a constitution and a form of government for the Philippine Islands, and for other purposes", Foreign Service officers may, under commissions as diplomatic and consular officers, be assigned to the Philippine Islands, during which assignments such officers shall be considered as stationed in a foreign country, for such periods of time and under such regulations as the Secretary of State may prescribe for the performance of any of the duties customarily performed by Foreign Service officers stationed in foreign countries and of additional duties in connection with advising and assisting the United States High Commissioner to the Philippine Islands in the supervision and control of the foreign affairs of the Commonwealth of the Philippines in accordance with section 2 (a) (10) of the Act approved March 24, 1934, and section 1 (10) of the ordinance appended to the Constitution of the Philippines adopted February 8, 1935.

This section shall become effective upon its enactment.

Approved, August 7, 1939.


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 “prosecutor” means the public prosecutor or injured person who institutes a criminal case before a court, or both when the public prosecutor and the injured person are joint prosecutors;

“party” means the prosecutor on one side or the accused on the other side;

“administrative or police official” means an official to whom the law grants the powers and duties to maintain public order, and includes a warder, an Excise Department, Customs Department, or Marine Department official, an immigration official, or other official when acting in relation to the arrest and suppression of a lawbreaker whom he has the duty to arrest or suppress;

“superior administrative or police official” means [any of] the following officials:

a provincial commissioner or his substitute;

a district chief or his substitute;

the Director General of the Police Department or his substitute;

a Deputy Director General of the Police Department or his substitute;

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OF LONG AGO Robert added numbers much as Caius did, placing the counters on the lines and in the spaces. When he had five counters on a line or in a space he took them carried one counter to the next place. You now see how we came to say “carry one” when we add, a counter being actually carried to the next place in the days of Robert Record. When Robert became a man he wrote several books and used his influence to have the English people give up the Roman numerals.

We are apt to smile at Robert’s use of counters and to think that we are much wiser than he because we use pencil and paper. But it is well to know that most of the world to-day finds it better not to use pencil and paper for computing. The Russians very generally use an abacus, many Persians use one, the Chinese 59


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NUMBER STORIES use the suan pan, and the Japanese use the soroban. Even in Europe and America our most important computation is done by machinery, our banks all using adding machines, and our large corporations using machines for multiplying and dividing. Workmen in shops of various kinds often use a slide rule. Probably all of you have seen such an instrument, and some of you may have learned how to multiply by sliding part of it along to the right or left.

Number Stories, p60-illustration.png PART OF A SLIDE RULE Such slide rules are extensively used in many industries to-day

This shows how Caius and Wu and Robert and many other boys in various parts of the world met the difficulties arising from poor numeral systems and overcame these difficulties by machinery, and how we are to-day coming to use machinery to help us in our work with numbers, especially in banks and workshops. 60


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OF LONG AGO “It must have taken a long time to get an arithmetic lesson in those days,” said Emily.

“No longer than it takes now,” said the Story-Teller.

“How could that be?” asked Charles.

“It is just as easy as anything. All you have to do is to make the arithmetic lesson shorter, and that is just what was done.”

“I wish they would do that in my school,” remarked Margaret.

“Do you really?” asked the Story-Teller, “and do you want to do your work with counters on a board?”

“Well, that’s different,” Margaret answered, “and I think after all that our way is better than theirs.”

“I don't see yet how they multiplied with the Roman numerals,” said Helen.

“You are just trying to get me to promise another story,” said the wily old Story-Teller. “Don't forget the Question Box. Now all of you get off to bed and don't bother me any more to-night.”

“What about to-morrow night?” asked the Tease.

“To bed!” ordered the Story-Teller. 61


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 the inspector general of a provincial police region or his substitute;

the commander of a local police force, or the Commander of the Special Branch Police, or a person substituting in such position;

the superintendent of a local police force, or the Superintendent of the 1st, 2nd, 4th, or 5th Division of the Special Branch Police, or a person substituting in such position;

the commander of a local police division, or the commander of a Special Branch Police division, or a person substituting in such position who holds the rank of police sub-lieutenant or higher;

an inspector of a local police force, or an inspector of the Special Branch Police, or a person substituting in such position who holds the rank of police sub-lieutenant or higher;

the head of a provincial police division attached to a superintendent, or his substitute who holds the rank of police sub-lieutenant or higher;

the head of a police station who holds the rank of police sub-lieutenant or higher, or his substitute who holds the rank of police sub-lieutenant or higher;

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undefined ancient times people would believe in sorcerers and ghosts; dreams even acted an eminent part in the drama of human life; and from the days of Joseph down to those of the hero whose history I am going to relate, many a dream has determined the fate of the dreamer. In proportion as the human mind became enlightened, the dreams and ghosts have become the topics of grand dames and nursery maids’ conversations; the former have ceased prophetizing future events, and are only considered as the effects of preceding sensations. Whether we are right or wrong, I will not pretend to determine; the very interesting discussion might carry me too far, I shall leave it to the sagacity, argumentation, and experience of my readers, and proceed to recount the history of a youth of former times, whose happiness was occasioned by a dream; wishing the same result may attend all who will be endowed with sufficient patience to read it. In case any one should question the truth of my narrative, let them go to Bremen, there every inhabitant will be found ready to tell the story over and over again, with all the faith and veneration that ancient traditions are entitled to.

In the city of Bremen lived an old merchant, sirnamed the rich Melchior; he had been so successful, and altogether so well conversant in commercial transactions, that he had amassed an immense fortune; which his only enjoyment consisted in increasing. However, this very avaricious man, who denied himself all manner of amusement, or of expence, indulged two very extraordinary whims of luxury, to the great surprize of every one. On the skirts of the city he had purchased a little garden, whither he sometimes resorted to refresh himself after his fatigues, and had ornamented it, at great cost, in the most fantastical manner, with a quantity of little silver gilt statues of monsters, which were encircled by a strong net-work of silver gilt likewise. His other whim he had gratified in his town residence, by having the floor of his dining-room all chequered with crown-pieces. His friends were amazed, at first, at seeing a man, who was so well acquainted with the value of money, and who knew how to turn it to advantage, thus trample under foot so considerable a sum that brought him no interest. But Melchior knew what he was about; that money, apparently dead, that floor which caught the eye of all who called upon him about business, gave such an opinion of his wealth, and was so conducive to augment his credit, that the capital which he had aidlaid [sic] out was soon replaced with more than an hundred fold interest. Death alone could put an end to his lucrative speculations, and a stop to the millions of money that poured upon him from all sides. He died suddenly of an apoplectic fit, without being allowed time to converse about pecuniary concerns with his only beloved son. In the mean time he left him to inherit an immense unincumbered income, besides the monsters in the little garden, and the floor chequered with crown-pieces.

Frank Melchior was a very promising young man, and of a very recommending person; he had suffered too much from his father’s avarice not to hold that vice in abomination; and accordingly plunged so deep into the opposite excess, that within a few years time he saw the bottom of those coffers, so full of late, but out of which he had been daily fishing, without even replenishing; he then was forced to borrow, and the reputation of old Melchior, of his silver gilt monsters, and of his floor chequered with crown-pieces, was so well established, that the young man easily procured loans at very heavy interest. When the bills became due, the garden was stopped to honour the debt; the monsters all disappeared successively, and finally the garden itself. Frank, however, still kept up, till on a sudden it was rumoured that the crown-pieces of the floor had also disappeared, and were replaced by an elegant wooden inlay. The creditors instantly came forward to ascertain the fact; the