text:
User talk:RaboKarbakian/Archives/2024

Digital document badge at Wikidata
Hello, I have noticed that in Wikidata you add the digital document badge to various links to Wikisource entries. However, the badge should be used only to born-digital documents, not to all WS documents. See the "also known as" at Q28064618, or d:Talk:Q28064618, or the request for creating the badge at phabricator. -- Jan Kameníček (talk) 23:02, 18 January 2024 (UTC)
 * Jan Kameníček Good to know and I will take your word for it. I have been a little on sometimes and off sometimes with the badges....--RaboKarbakian (talk) 23:30, 18 January 2024 (UTC)

Birdcraft/Untitled-Andrew Lang
I see that you created this page a few years ago. I assume that it was intended for the poem which appears at the top of Page:Birdcraft-1897.djvu/15. Do you think that poem should have a separate page ? -- Beardo (talk) 22:30, 15 September 2023 (UTC)

 * I realise that the poem was supposed to appear but for some reason wasn't. I changed the style of transclusion to get it to appear. -- Beardo (talk) 15:18, 30 September 2023 (UTC)

 * Beardo Sorry it took so long to get back. I did that before I learned about handling those things and in the last 8 months need a refresher for all that I used to know. I will look into this when I get my chops back....--RaboKarbakian (talk) 21:39, 13 January 2024 (UTC)
 * Beardo So I poked through a couple of "What Links Here" links and found that the Lang poem is listed on Andrew Langs author page. I did this before knowing of Wikidata and also before knowing of anchor.  Wikidata does not like anchor links, but wikidata also accepts redirects.  So, your thoughts and heck! even desires for this as it is a challenge to look back for me here.  I will just manage it the way you think best.--RaboKarbakian (talk) 20:44, 23 January 2024 (UTC)

 * Welcome back!!! PseudoSkull (talk) 22:26, 13 January 2024 (UTC)
 * PseudoSkull! Was that you and Micky Mouse on Public Domain Day!  Either answer, it was a beautiful thing, right then and there.  (Glad to be back....)--RaboKarbakian (talk) 13:37, 14 January 2024 (UTC)
 * Yes, that was me. It was released to Wikisource at the exact moment of 12:00 AM EST January 1, 2024. Glad you're enjoying the 1928 film transcription efforts. PseudoSkull (talk) 22:25, 14 January 2024 (UTC)

 * Nice to see you’re back again! I look forward to seeing your pretty illustrations. TE(æ)A,ea. (talk) 04:50, 15 January 2024 (UTC)
 * If you’re interested in doing some image work, I’ve just finished proofreading Isis Very Much Unveiled, an early Rackham publication. TE(æ)A,ea. (talk) 06:47, 17 January 2024 (UTC)
 * WOW! That might be the greatest AR book ever! TE(æ)A,ea., right on it (after even more decorative rules). --RaboKarbakian (talk) 13:34, 17 January 2024 (UTC)

Rapunzel
Please repair this page. --EncycloPetey (talk) 19:07, 2 February 2024 (UTC)
 * EncycloPetey: I dropped a note with CalenduaAstaceae. If it is not a quick fix, I will make a data for the "nil entry" there.  I think it is not a quick fix, that it might be in one of the two base wikidata modules.  It would be nice to have it fixed there so any thing using it after could bring in the name, even if there is no data for it.  If it is what I suspect.

 * Personally, I was uncomfortable making a data for "Miss Farq-whatever", not even a first name, but I can get over that if CA doesn't want to muck around in the base modules. If that is what it is.

 * Thanks for pointing it out!--RaboKarbakian (talk) 00:13, 3 February 2024 (UTC)

Millions of Cats
You tagged this work with a license PD-US and death year for the author of 1928. She actually died in 1946. --EncycloPetey (talk) 23:50, 3 February 2024 (UTC)
 * EncycloPetey: I should have used PD-old ?--RaboKarbakian (talk) 12:08, 4 February 2024 (UTC)
 * Answered my own question. Author did not die over 100 years ago. (adding "reading licenses" to TODO list...)--RaboKarbakian (talk) 12:12, 4 February 2024 (UTC)
 * No, you just put the wrong death year into the template. You should have used 1946, not 1928.  She did not die in 1928. --EncycloPetey (talk) 18:00, 4 February 2024 (UTC)

Index:Atlas of the Munsell Color System
I found this - https://archive.org/details/sim_optical-society-of-america-journal_1940-12_30_12/page/587/mode/1up

It might help you recalibrate or produce an SVG version? ShakespeareFan00 (talk) 14:32, 6 February 2024 (UTC)

 * ShakespeareFan00 That is a great page, but to convert all of that into the linear algebra; I don't know how to do this off the top of my head. I am not sure if I could have done this while in the linear algebra class either.  I got the formula for determining Y' from w:Computer Graphics: Principles and Practice and that was necessary for all of those online converts and such.  I was thinking my old scripts might find their way back to me (that perhaps my four day outing will finally after 10+ years be over).  That (great) textbook, while available, is not up for loans via my inter-state library system here.

 * Those color conversions at my university, were "Elementary Linear Algebra"; which was a very difficult class for me. Later, Linear Algebra (which was mostly proofs) was so freaking easy.  I still revile at the correct yet wrong naming of those classes.  Not sure how other universities handle that.--RaboKarbakian (talk) 15:05, 6 February 2024 (UTC)
 * No worries. But it was a potential starting point. And in a few years time we get the actual "Book of Color" in the public domain:). ShakespeareFan00 (talk) 15:23, 6 February 2024 (UTC)
 * BTW If the journal issue I mentioned is out of copyright it would be nice to get onto Wikisoruce soon. That way someone else can use the data table.
 * I also found a 1967 set of calibration data, but its (C) status is little less clear.
 * 15:23, 6 February 2024 (UTC) ShakespeareFan00 (talk) 15:23, 6 February 2024 (UTC)

 * Per this useful page, the first J.O.S.A. issue to be renewed was from volume 41, much later than the volume 30 you found. TE(æ)A,ea. (talk) 16:23, 6 February 2024 (UTC)
 * Excellent. Come January next year, Wikisource will be placed to work on having at least 2 color standards up;)
 * It's a shame I don't know anyone that could use this old papers to come up with a Lua module on wiki so we can have a color classfication scheme that isn't based on proprietary information.
 * ShakespeareFan00 (talk) 16:34, 6 February 2024 (UTC)
 * IA is missing some issues of V30. Hathi has them limited search only, but it looks like the University of California has scanned all volumes.  Searching WorldCat showed me many many pages of university/college libraries that have them (hard copy, mostly).  There is, however, a public library toggle https://search.worldcat.org/title/1334208 for the unenrolled.  --RaboKarbakian (talk) 16:41, 6 February 2024 (UTC)
 * For the specfic issue - Index:Journal of the Optical Society of America, volume 30, number 12.pdf. I also did a lot of cross referencing to find it :) ShakespeareFan00 (talk) 16:46, 6 February 2024 (UTC)
 * https://archive.org/details/pub_optical-society-of-america-journal is the run as IA has it. ShakespeareFan00 (talk) 09:35, 8 February 2024 (UTC)
 * ShakespeareFan00 I just made a request at Scan Lab for the rest of the issues. I also am really needing to step through some tutorials for the svgs.--RaboKarbakian (talk) 20:46, 8 February 2024 (UTC)

title: User talk:RaboKarbakian/Archives/2024


text:
Page:The wealth of nations, volume 3.djvu/165

 manner lived Zeno of Elea, Protagoras, Gorgias, Hippias, and many others. As the demand increased, the schools both of philosophy and rhetoric became stationary; first in Athens, and afterward in several other cities. The State, however, seems never to have encouraged them further than by assigning to some of them a particular place to teach in, which was sometimes done too by private donors. The State seems to have assigned the Academy to Plato, the Lyceum to Aristotle, and the Portico to Zeno of Citta, the founder of the Stoics. But Epicurus bequeathed his gardens to his own school. Till about the time of Marcus Antoninus, however, no teacher appears to have had any salary from the public, or to have had any other emoluments, but what arose from the honoraries or fees of his scholars. The bounty which that philosophical emperor, as we learn from Lucian, bestowed upon one of the teachers of philosophy, probably lasted no longer than his own life. There was nothing equivalent to the privileges of graduation, and to have attended any of those schools was not necessary, in order to be permitted to practice any particular trade or profession. If the opinion of their own utility could not draw scholars to them, the law neither forced anybody to go to them, nor rewarded anybody for having gone to them. The teachers had no jurisdiction over their pupils, nor any other authority besides that natural authority, which superior virtue and abilities never fail to procure from young people toward those who are intrusted with any part of their education.

At Rome, the study of the civil law made a part of the education, not of the greater part of the citizens, but of some particular families. The young people, however, who wished to acquire knowledge in the law, had no public

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text: Page:Sophocles (Storr 1912) v1.djvu/8

title: Page:Sophocles (Storr 1912) v1.djvu/8


text:
Page:The wealth of nations, volume 3.djvu/166

 school to go to, and had no other method of studying it, than by frequenting the company of such of their relations and friends, as were supposed to understand it. It is perhaps worth while to remark, that though the laws of the twelve tables were, many of them, copied from those of some ancient Greek republics, yet law never seems to have grown up to be a science in any republic of ancient Greece. In Rome it became a science very early, and gave a considerable degree of illustration to those citizens who had the reputation of understanding it. In the republics of ancient Greece, particularly in Athens, the ordinary courts of justice consisted of numerous, and therefore disorderly, bodies of people, who frequently decided almost at random, or as clamor, faction and party spirit happened to determine. The ignominy of an unjust decision, when it was to be divided among five hundred, a thousand, or fifteen hundred people (for some of their courts were so very numerous), could not fail very heavy upon any individual. At Rome, on the contrary, the principal courts of justice consisted either of a single judge, or of a small number of judges, whose characters, especially as they deliberated always in public, could not fail to be very much affected by any rash or unjust decision. In doubtful cases, such courts, from their anxiety to avoid blame, would naturally endeavor to shelter themselves under the example, or precedent, of the judges who had sat before them, either in the same, or in some other court. This attention to practice and precedent, necessarily formed the Roman law into that regular and orderly system in which it has been delivered down to us; and the like attention has had the like effects upon the laws of every other country where such attention has taken place. The superiority of character in the Romans


text:
Page:The wealth of nations, volume 3.djvu/167

 over that of the Greeks, so much remarked by Polybius and Dionysius of Halicarnassus, was probably more owing to the better constitution of their courts of justice, than to any of the circumstances to which those authors ascribe it. The Romans are said to have been particularly distinguished for their superior respect to an oath. But the people who were accustomed to make oath only before some diligent and well-informed court of justice, would naturally be much more attentive to what they swore, than they who were accustomed to do the same thing before mobbish and disorderly assemblies.

The abilities, both civil and military, of the Greeks and Romans, will readily be allowed to have been, at least, equal to those of any modern nation. Our prejudice is perhaps rather to overrate them. But except in what related to military exercises, the State seems to have been at no pains to form those great abilities: for I cannot be induced to believe that the musical education of the Greeks could be of much consequence in forming them. Masters, however, had been found, it seems, for instructing the better sort of people among those nations in every art and science in which the circumstances of their society rendered it necessary or convenient for them to be instructed. The demand for such instruction produced, what it always produces, the talent for giving it; and the emulation which an unrestrained competition never fails to excite, appears to have brought that talent to a very high degree of perfection. In the attention which the ancient philosophers excited, in the empire which they acquired over the opinions and principles of their auditors, in the faculty which they possessed of giving a certain tone and character to the conduct and conversation of those auditors; they appear to have


text:
Page:The wealth of nations, volume 3.djvu/168

 been much superior to any modern teachers. In modern times, the diligence of public teachers is more or less corrupted by the circumstances, which render them more or less independent of their success and reputation in their particular professions. Their salaries, too, put the private teacher, who would pretend to come into competition with them, in the same state with a merchant who attempts to trade without a bounty, in competition with those who trade with a considerable one. If he sells his goods at nearly the same price, he cannot have the same profit, and poverty and beggary at least, if not bankruptcy and ruin, will infallibly be his lot. If he attempts to sell them much dearer, he is likely to have so few customers that his circumstances will not be much mended. The privileges of graduation, besides, are in many countries necessary, or at least extremely convenient to most men of learned professions; that is, to the far greater part of those who have occasion for a learned education. But those privileges can be obtained only by attending the lectures of the public teachers. The most careful attendance upon the ablest instructions of any private teacher, cannot always give any title to demand them. It is from these different causes that the private teacher of any of the sciences, which are commonly taught in universities, is in modern times generally considered as in the very lowest order of men of letters. A man of real abilities can scarce find out a more humiliating or a more unprofitable employment to turn them to. The endowments of schools and colleges have, in this manner, not only corrupted the diligence of public teachers, but have rendered it almost impossible to have any good private ones.

Were there no public institutions for education, no sys-


text: Page:Sophocles (Storr 1912) v1.djvu/9

title: Page:Sophocles (Storr 1912) v1.djvu/9


text:
Page:The wealth of nations, volume 3.djvu/169

 tem, no science would be taught for which there was not some demand; or which the circumstances of the times did not render it either necessary, or convenient, or at least fashionable, to learn. A private teacher could never find his account in teaching either an exploded and antiquated system of a science acknowledged to be useful, or a science universally believed to be a mere useless and pedantic heap of sophistry and nonsense. Such systems, such sciences, can subsist nowhere, but in those incorporated societies for education whose prosperity and revenue are in a great measure independent of their reputation, and altogether independent of their industry. Were there no public institutions for education, a gentleman, after going through, with application and abilities, the most complete course of education which the circumstances of the times were supposed to afford, could not come into the world completely ignorant of everything which is the common subject of conversation among gentlemen and men of the world.

There are no public institutions for the education of women, and there is accordingly nothing useless, absurd or fantastical in the common course of their education. They are taught what their parents or guardians judge it necessary or useful for them to learn; and they are taught nothing else. Every part of their education tends evidently to some useful purpose; either to improve the natural attractions of their person, or to form their mind to reserve, to modesty, to chastity, and to economy; to render them both likely to become the mistresses of a family, and to behave properly when they have become such. In every part of her life a woman feels some convenience or advantage from every part of her education. It seldom happens that a man, in any part of his life, derives any convenience


text:
Page:Sea spray and smoke drift (IA seaspraysmokedri00gord).pdf/118

100


text:
Page:The wealth of nations, volume 3.djvu/170

 or advantage from some of the most laborious and troublesome parts of his education.

Ought the public, therefore, to give no attention, it may be asked, to the education of the people? Or, if it ought to give any, what are the different parts of education which it ought to attend to in the different orders of the people? and in what manner ought it to attend to them?

In some cases the state of society necessarily places the greater part of individuals in such situations as naturally form in them, without any attention of government, almost all the abilities and virtues which that state requires, or perhaps can admit of. In other cases the state of the society does not place the greater part of individuals in such situations, and some attention of government is necessary in order to prevent the almost entire corruption and degeneracy of the great body of the people.

In the progress of the division of labor, the employment of the far greater part of those who live by labor, that is, of the great body of the people, comes to be confined to a few very simple operations; frequently to one or two. But the understandings of the greater part of men are necessarily formed by their ordinary employments. The man whose whole life is spent in performing a few simple operations, of which the effects too, are, perhaps, always the same, or very nearly the same, has no occasion to exert his understanding, or to exercise his invention in finding out expedients for removing difficulties which never occur. He naturally loses, therefore, the habit of such exertion, and generally becomes as stupid and ignorant as it is possible for a human creature to become. The torpor of his mind renders him, not only incapable of relishing or bearing a part in any rational conversation, but of conceiving any


text: Sophocles (Storr 1912)

title: Sophocles (Storr 1912)


text:
Page:The wealth of nations, volume 3.djvu/171

 generous, noble, or tender sentiment, and consequently of forming any just judgment concerning many even of the ordinary duties of private life. Of the great and extensive interests of his country he is altogether incapable of judging; and unless very particular pains have been taken to render him otherwise, he is equally incapable of defending his country in war. The uniformity of his stationary life naturally corrupts the courage of his mind, and makes him regard with abhorrence the irregular, uncertain and adventurous life of a soldier. It corrupts even the activity of his body, and renders him incapable of exerting his strength with vigor and perseverance, in any other employment than that to which he has been bred. His dexterity at his own particular trade seems, in this manner, to be acquired at the expense of his intellectual, social and martial virtues. But in every improved and civilized society this is the state into which the laboring poor, that is, the great body of the people, must necessarily fall, unless government takes some pains to prevent it.

It is otherwise in the barbarous societies, as they are commonly called, of hunters, of shepherds, and even of husbandmen in that rude state of husbandry which precedes the improvement of manufactures and the extension of foreign commerce. In such societies the varied occupations of every man oblige every man to exert his capacity, and to invent expedients for removing difficulties which are continually occurring. Invention is kept alive, and the mind is not suffered to fall into that drowsy stupidity, which, in a civilized society, seems to benumb the understanding of almost all the inferior ranks of people. In those barbarous societies, as they are called, every man, it has already been observed, is a warrior. Every man,


text:
Duncan v. Tennessee/Dissent Brennan

MR. JUSTICE BRENNAN, with whom MR. JUSTICE DOUGLAS and MR. JUSTICE MARSHALL join, dissenting.

In dismissing the writ of certiorari in this case, the Court lets stand a conviction secured in violation of petitioner's right, under the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments, not to be placed in jeopardy twice for a single criminal offense. The infringement of this [p128] fundamental right is so plain on the record before us that I am compelled to dissent.

Petitioner and a codefendant, Brooks, were brought to trial in the Criminal Court of Montgomery County, Tennessee, on an indictment charging armed robbery "by the use of a deadly weapon, to-wit: A Gun to-wit: a pistol..." The jury was selected and sworn, the indictment read, and a plea of not guilty entered on the defendants' behalf. The State's first witness, the officer investigating the robbery, testified that he had been looking for a "22 rifle" used in the commission of the crime. Defense counsel immediately objected to this evidence as immaterial to a charge of armed robbery with a pistol, and after some discussion out of the jury's presence, his objection was sustained. The prosecutor then informed the court that he had used the word "pistol" in the indictment by mistake and that in view of the court's refusal to admit evidence of the rifle, the State could proceed no further with its case and would move for a directed verdict of acquittal on the ground of erroneous indictment. The trial court granted this motion over defendants' objection and instructed the jury "to find, or to acquit the Defendants of the charge in view of that error in the indictment."

About eight months later, in March 1969, the defendants were again brought to trial for the same armed robbery. The new indictment was identical to the old [p129] as to date, victim, and amount of money stolen and differed only in its description of the weapon as a "22 caliber rifle." Nevertheless, defendants' plea of double jeopardy was overruled by the court, and they were convicted and sentenced to 10 years' imprisonment. The State Court of Criminal Affairs sustained defendants' double jeopardy claim on appeal, but the Supreme Court of Tennessee reversed. State v. Brooks, 224 Tenn. 712, 462 S.W. 2d 491 (1970). It agreed that evidence of the rifle was properly excluded at the first trial, since under Tennessee's "strict" variance rule "'an allegation in an indictment which is not impertinent or foreign to the cause [such as specifying the weapon as a pistol] must be proved, through a prosecution for the same offense might be supported without such allegation'..." 224 Tenn., at 717, 462 S.W. 2d, at 494 (italics omitted), quoting Hite v. State, 17 Tenn. 357, 377 (1836) (theft of note payable at Mechanics and Traders' Bank inadmissible on indictment specifying note parable at Merchants and Traders' Bank). See also Wilson v. State, 200 Tenn. 309, 292 S.W. 2d 188 (1956) (proof of theft of bronze rollers material variance from indictment charging theft of brass rollers). The court went on to hold, however, that since the variance between "pistol" and "rifle" was sufficient to render the initial indictment defective, it was likewise sufficient to distinguish the second indictment from the first for double jeopardy purposes. "'To entitle a prisoner to the benefit of the plea of autrefois acquit, it is necessary that the crimes charged in the last bill of indictment be precisely the same with that charged in the first, and that the first bill of indictment is good in point of law. The true test by which the question whether such a plea is a sufficient bar may be tried is whether the evidence necessary to support the second indictment would have been sufficient to procure a legal conviction [p130] upon the first.'" 224 Tenn., at 715, 462 S.W. 2d, at 493, quoting Hite v. State, supra, at 375-376. Though recognizing the application of the Double Jeopardy Clause to the States, Benton v. Maryland, 395 U.S. 784 (1969), the court concluded that the strict variance rule "when consistently applied as a test for both variance and double jeopardy, will affect equally both the state and the defendant, and in our opinion not offend the Fourteenth Amendment." 224 Tenn., at 719, 462 S.W. 2d, at 494. A petition for rehearing based on this Court's decision in Ashe v. Swenso, 397 U.S. 436 (1970), was denied on the ground that Ashe "has no application to the question whether there has been double jeopardy where the first indictment is void for variance." 224 Tenn., at 720, 462 S.W. 2d, at 495.

The guarantee against double jeopardy is "'fundamental to the American scheme of justice,'" Benton v. Maryland, supra, at 796, designed to ensure that "the State with all its resources and power should not be allowed to make repeated attempts to convict an individual for an alleged offense, thereby subjecting him to embarrassment, expense and ordeal and compelling him to live in a continuing state of anxiety and insecurity, as well as enhancing the possibility that even though innocent he may be found guilty." Green v. United States, 355 U.S. 184, 187-188 (1957). Thus, we must view with a cautious eye any suggestion, as in the denial of rehearing below, that a particular trial, once commenced, might not result in the attachment of jeopardy under the Constitution. As the State conceded at oral argument, that suggestion is not sustainable here. Had petitioner's first trial gone no further than the impaneling of a jury, this in itself would have served to invoke the constitutional guarantee, for it is now settled that "a defendant is placed in jeopardy once he is put to trial before a jury so that if the jury is discharged without his [p131] consent he cannot be tried again." Id., at 188. There are exceptions to this rule, of course, as in the case of a hung jury, United States v. Perez, 9 Wheat. 579 (1824), or military emergency requiring withdrawal of charges, Wade v. Hunter, 336 U.S. 684 (1949), but they do not apply here.

In any event, we need not rely on the calling of a jury to find an attachment of jeopardy, for it is clear that petitioner was not only tried for robbery in the initial proceeding, but was in fact acquitted at the direction of the court. His acquittal, being the final verdict in a court of competent jurisdiction, automatically precluded the State from retrying him for the same offense, even though, as the court below pointed out, the direction to acquit arose from a defect in the indictment. It has long been the rule of this Court that "former jeopardy includes one who has been acquitted by a verdict duly rendered, although no judgment be entered on the verdict, and it was found upon a defective indictment. The protection is not... against the peril of second punishment, but against being again tried by the same offense." Kepner v. United States, 195 U.S. 100, 130 (1904) (emphasis added). See also United States v. Ball, 163 U.S. 662, 669-670 (1896); Fong Foo v. United States, 369 U.S. 141 (1962) (directed verdict of acquittal, though "egregiously erroneous," bars retrial on the same charge); Benton v. Maryland, supra, at 796-797. Nor is this rule a mere nicety of abstract constitutional theory. The prosecution might have any number of reasons for wanting to halt a trial at midpoint and begin anew, and the indictment offers a fertile source for the discovery of error. To permit the State to obtain a final verdict by asserting its own mistake in the indictment and then to retry the defendant on the theory that jeopardy had not attached is to subject him to the very dangers that the Double Jeopardy [p132] Clause was designed to avoid. The State very properly conceded at oral argument that petitioner "was placed in jeopardy in the first trial." Tr. of Oral Arg. 23.

The only question, then, is whether the petitioner was tried twice for the same offense. Tennessee argues that under its strict-variance rule the specification of "pistol" in the first indictment charged an entirely different offense from the armed robbery with a "rifle" alleged in the second, since the "same evidence" could not be used to prove both charges. Whatever relevance this doctrine may have in determining a variance between indictment and proof within a single trial, it certainly does not comport with the double jeopardy standards of the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments. In my view, "the Double Jeopardy Clause requires the prosecution, except in most limited circumstances, to join at one trial all the charges against a defendant that grow out of a single criminal act, occurrence, episode, or transaction." Ashe v. Swenson, supra, at 453-454 (concurring opinion). This the State has clearly failed to do. At petitioner's first trial the State was prepared to proceed on evidence that a rifle had been used in the robbery. The first witness testified as to a rifle, and the rifle itself was apparently in the courtroom in full view of the jury. Following petitioner's acquittal, the State again tried him for armed robbery with a rifle. The same witness was called to testify about the rifle as in the first trial, and the same rifle was present in the courtroom. In short, though the first indictment charged petitioner with using a "pistol," the State could also have charged him with use of a rifle, based on the very same evidence, both physical and testimonial, on which he was eventually convicted at the second trial. Having failed to do so and having obtained a final verdict at the first trial, the State was barred, in my opinion, from bringing a [p133] second prosecution based on this "single criminal act."

The majority's refusal to address these issues is inexplicable. It may be that the prosecution in this case did not have available to it a ready means, under state law, of amending the first indictment and thus had no choice but to end the trial and begin again. If do, its remedy lies in changing Tennessee's criminal procedure, not in denying petitioner the constitutional protection to which he is entitled. Petitioner was tried twice for the same offense, and his conviction should be reversed. United States v. Jorn, 400 U.S. 470, 488 (1971) (Black and BRENNAN, JJ., concurring). I would grant him that relief.

title: Duncan v. Tennessee/Dissent Brennan


text:
Page:Sea spray and smoke drift (IA seaspraysmokedri00gord).pdf/119

Rh


text: Page:Sophocles (Storr 1919) v2.djvu/9

title: Page:Sophocles (Storr 1919) v2.djvu/9


text:
Page:The wealth of nations, volume 3.djvu/172

 too, is in some measure a statesman, and can form a tolerable judgment concerning the interest of the society, and the conduct of those who govern it. How far their chiefs are good judges in peace, or good leaders in war, is obvious to the observation of almost every single man among them. In such a society, indeed, no man can well acquire that improved and refined understanding, which a few men sometimes possess in a more civilized state. Though in a rude society there is a good deal of variety in the occupations of every individual, there is not a great deal in those of the whole society. Every man does, or is capable of doing, almost everything which any other man does, or is capable of doing. Every man has a considerable degree of knowledge, ingenuity and invention; but scarce any man has a great degree. The degree, however, which is commonly possessed, is generally sufficient for conducting the whole simple business of the society. In a civilized state, on the contrary, though there is little variety in the occupations of the greater part of individuals, there is an almost infinite variety in those of the whole society. These varied occupations present an almost infinite variety of objects to the contemplation of those few, who, being attached to no particular occupation themselves, have leisure and inclination to examine the occupations of other people. The contemplation of so great a variety of objects necessarily exercises their minds in endless comparisons and combinations, and renders their understandings, in an extraordinary degree, both acute and comprehensive. Unless those few, however, happen to be placed in some very particular situations, their great abilities, though honorable to themselves, may contribute very little to the good government or happiness of their society. Notwithstand-


text: Page:Sophocles (Storr 1919) v2.djvu/10

title: Page:Sophocles (Storr 1919) v2.djvu/10


text:
Translation:People v Li Qiaochu (2024)

Linyi Intermediate People’s Court of Shandong, PR China

Criminal Judgement

[2022] Lu 13 Xing Chu No 10

Prosecution Authority: The People’s Procuratorate of Linyi, Shandong (the ‘Prosecution’).

The Defendant, Li Qiaochu, female, Han Chinese, born on 13 January 1991 in Ghulja, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, master’s degree, unemployed, with household registration location and residence at Room 317, Building 3, Compound B-12, Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing. On suspicion of committing the crime of inciting subversion of state power, the Defendant was placed under residential surveillance at a designated location on 16 February 2020 by the Haidian Branch of the Beijing Municipal Public Security Bureau and was subsequently released on bail pending trial on 19 June of the same year. On 18 January 2021, this case was lawfully transferred to the Linyi Public Security Bureau of Shandong for handling; the Defendant was then criminally detained on 6 February of the same year, and her formal arrest was approved on 14 March of the same year. She is now detained in Linyi Detention Centre of Shandong.

Defence counsel: Ding Xikui, a lawyer with Beijing Weitai Law Firm.

On 28 February 2022, the Prosecution filed the present case with this Court by the Indictment [2022] Lin Jian Yibu Xingsu No Z1 against the Defendant for committing the crime of inciting subversion of state power. Following the jurisdiction designation decision of the Supreme People’s Court, this Court received and filed the case on 7 March of the same year, formed a collegial panel in compliance with the law, and held a pre-trial case management conference on 5 December 2023. Due to the involvement of state secrets in the case, this Court held a closed hearing on 19 December 2023. Assigned by the Prosecution, Prosecutors Tan Changzhi, Li Tao, and Lu Xiaowei appeared in court on behalf of the People to present the case. The Defendant and her defence counsel appeared before the court to attend the proceedings. With the approval of the Shandong High People’s Court and the Supreme People’s Court, the time limit for reaching an adjudication was lawfully extended. With the evaluation by the collegial panel and upon its subsequent submission to the Adjudication Committee of this Court for deliberation and decision, the trial of the case has now been concluded.

The Prosecution alleges that the Defendant and Xu Zhiyong (handled in a separate case) are in a romantic relationship, and the Defendant was profoundly influenced by the ideology of Xu. In September 2019, at the behest of Xu Zhiyong, the Defendant established a personal blog site for Xu and uploaded a large number of essays to the site composed by Xu with the nature of subverting the state power to propagate the propositions of Xu.

In response to the aforesaid allegations, the Prosecution has proclaimed and presented evidence in court as physical evidence, documentary evidence, testimony of witnesses, evaluative opinions, records of inspection, examination, and identification, as well as the confession and justification of the Defendant. The Prosecution holds that the Defendant has incited the subversion of the state power and the overthrow of the socialist system; her acts have thus violated the provision set out in Paragraph 2 of Article 105 of The Criminal Law of the People’s Republic of China, and she shall therefore be held criminally responsible for the crime of inciting subversion of state power, and the Prosecution, thereby, pleads with this Court for a punishment according to law.

The Defendant has argued in court that the confessions she gave whilst under residential surveillance at a designated location are unlawful evidence and thus cannot serve as the basis to conclude the case, that she did not have a clear idea of the views in the essays of Xu Zhiyong, thereby she had no subjective intent of inciting subversion of state power, and that the evidence used in establishing her acts as an offence is solely her own confessions, constituting uncorroborated evidence.

The defence counsel has raised defence opinions as follows: There are issues with the judicial proceedings of this case, and the case shall be heard publicly; the confessions made by the Defendant whilst she was under residential surveillance at a designated location are unlawful evidence and thus cannot serve as the basis to conclude the case; the Defendant had no subjective intent to commit the offence; the evidence to establish that the acts of the Defendant constitute an offence is inadequate.

The Court, upon trial of this case, ascertains that: The Defendant and Xu Zhiyong (who has been sentenced for subverting the state power) are in a romantic relationship. In September 2019, at the behest of Xu Zhiyong, the Defendant established a personal blog site for Xu and uploaded essays to the site composed by Xu with the nature of subverting the state power to propagate the propositions of Xu.

The aforesaid facts are substantiated by the evidence presented, cross-examined in the court hearing and thereby confirmed by this Court as follows:

1. Testimony of witnesses.

(1) The ‘Witness Testimony of Zhang Zhongshun’ confirms the statement of the said witness as follows: Xu Zhiyong has composed essays such as ‘Non-violence’ and others, advocating the subversion of the state power by ‘non-violent’ means. I have read these essays composed by Xu. Xu and the members of his group have also been extensively utilising overseas social media to promote his political views.

(2) The ‘Witness Testimony of Xu Zhiyong’ confirms the statement of the said witness as follows: My blog site was registered in 2019 in my name by someone else, and it was used to post essays. As to who registered it, I prefer not to say. Some of the essays were published with my consent. I sent my essays via email to volunteers, who then posted them on the blog site for me; I would rather not disclose the identity of these volunteers.

2. Identification records.

(1) Xu Zhiyong has made an identification of the essays he composed, recognising those he wrote and had volunteers publish on his blog site.

(2) The Defendant has made an identification of the essays composed by Xu Zhiyong, acknowledging that among the essays, she has helped Xu post two hundred and seventy-three (273) of them on the blog site.

3. Documentary evidence.

The ‘Email Messages’ confirms that on 30 December 2019, the Defendant sent an email to Hua Ze’s electronic mailbox with the contents quoted as follows: ‘I am sending you some materials for backup that might be of use later.’ ‘By using a WordPress website and together with Xu Zhiyong, I have organised his past essays and sorted out some major events of his; last night, he messaged me, asking me to update the website with his newly completed essays.’

4. Physical evidence, search record, examination record, and evaluative opinions.

(1) On 31 December 2019, the investigators conducted a search of Xu Zhiyong’s residence, distraining a black HP laptop computer, a golden-yellow Apple mobile phone, and other articles used by the Defendant. Upon examination, traces of downloading and saving of a series of essays of Xu Zhiyong were found on the computer, and the web browser on it was found to have saved the web address for the backend editing of the blog site of Xu.

(2) On 16 February 2020, the investigators conducted a search of the temporary residence of the Defendant, distraining a silver HP laptop computer, a USB drive, and other articles used by the Defendant. Upon examination, traces of downloading essays of Xu Zhiyong were found on the computer, and the USB drive was found to contain tutorial videos for using WordPress.

5. Records of inspection and examination.

The ‘Record of Remote Inspection’ confirms the circumstances as follows: A search on the blog site of Xu Zhiyong has found essays such as ‘Non-violence’ on the site, and they were disseminated via the ‘China Citizens Movement’ website; an inspection of Xu’s Twitter account has verified the layout of his Twitter profile page, his postings of the essays and their online dissemination; an inspection of the Defendant’s Twitter account has verified her repostings of the contents of Xu’s Twitter account and Xu’s essays, as well as her engagement in the online dissemination.

6. Comprehensive evidence.

(1) The ‘Case Registration Form’, ‘Decision on Case Filing’, ‘Decision on the Designation of Jurisdiction’, ‘Detention Warrant’, ‘Decision on Residential Surveillance’, and ‘Arrest Warrant’ confirm the circumstances in the case filing and investigation of the alleged offence committed by the Defendant, the application of coercive measures against the Defendant, and the designation of jurisdiction of the case.

(2) The ‘Course of Apprehension’ confirms the relevant circumstances regarding the Defendant’s apprehension.

(3) The ‘Criminal Judgement’ and ‘Criminal Decision’ confirm the circumstance that Xu Zhiyong has been sentenced for committing the crime of subverting the state power.

(4) The ‘Household Registration Information’ of the Defendant confirms that the Defendant was born on 13 January 1991, originates from Ghulja, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, with her household registration location at Room 317, Building 3, Compound B-12, Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing.

7. The ‘Confession and Justification of the Defendant’.

The Defendant has made the confession as follows: I first met Xu Zhiyong at a communal meal of friends in 2017. In June 2019, we established a romantic relationship, and in early August 2019, we began living together. I have read some of his essays and have a certain understanding of his propositions and ideas; I can feel that the propositions of Xu Zhiyong have political purposes. Since I have feelings for him, I then wanted to help him by posting his essays on the website, fulfilling his desire to be known by others for who he is. In September 2019, Xu Zhiyong proposed creating a personal website, so I set up a personal blog site for him and contacted Hua Ze to change the web address. Xu Zhiyong had previously entrusted the website to Hua Ze for management because he initially wanted his friends abroad to help him post essays; however, after taking over Xu’s personal blog site, Hua did not engage much in the managing activities, and thus, the vast majority of the later essays were updated by me at the behest of Xu. I created the website in September 2019, and by November of the same year, I had posted all the earlier essays of Xu Zhiyong on the site. After I finished updating the essays of Xu Zhiyong, I then sent both the web address and the username of his personal blog site to Hua Ze. I have posted two hundred and seventy-three (273) essays in total on the personal blog site of Xu Zhiyong, all of which I have attested with my signature one by one to confirm.

In response to the justification made by the Defendant and the defence opinions raised by her defence counsel, this Court, based on the facts and evidence of this case, has assessed with deliberation as follows:

1. With regard to the defence opinion raised by the defence counsel concerning the procedural issues in this case, upon examination, this Court has conducted the trial of this case in accordance with the ‘Decision on the Designation of Jurisdiction’ issued by the Supreme People’s Court, which ensures the judicial proceedings are lawful. According to the relevant laws and regulations on confidentiality, a public security organ of a prefecture-level city may determine secret-level state secrets. The Linyi Public Security Bureau has classified such evidentiary materials in this case as the relevant verbal evidence, electronic data and others as secret-level state secrets. In accordance with Article 188 of The Criminal Procedure Law of the People’s Republic of China, cases involving state secrets are not tried in public. Therefore, the closed hearing of this case conforms to the provisions of the law. Thus, the relevant defence opinions of the defence counsel are untenable to establish and are therefore not adopted by this Court.

2. With regard to the justification made by the Defendant and the defence opinions raised by her defence counsel that the confessions given by the Defendant whilst she was under residential surveillance at a designated location are unlawful evidence and thus cannot serve as the basis to conclude the case, upon examination, the evidence on which the conclusion of this case is based was all lawfully obtained by the investigation authority, no clues or materials indicate circumstances of illegal obtainment of evidence existed in this case, the evidence is able to mutually corroborate and is lawful and valid, and thus it can serve as the basis to conclude the case. Thus, the relevant justification of the Defendant and the relevant defence opinions of her defence counsel are untenable to establish and are therefore not adopted by this Court.

3. With regard to the justification made by the Defendant and the defence opinions raised by her defence counsel that the evidence to establish that the acts of the Defendant constitute an offence is inadequate and that her acts thus do not constitute the crime of inciting subversion of state power, upon examination, and based on the confession of the Defendant, testimony from witnesses Xu Zhiyong and Zhang Zhongshun, records of inspection and examination, evaluative opinions, and other evidence related, it is established that the Defendant established a romantic relationship with Xu Zhiyong, lived together with him, and has commented on his essays; it is therefore evident that she was fully aware of Xu’s propositions as well as the content and nature of the relevant essays, and yet she still built a personal website and posted essays for him, thereby helping to disseminate and propagate ideas of subverting the state power; her acts thus conform to the constituent elements of the crime of inciting subversion of state power. Thus, the relevant justification of the Defendant and the relevant defence opinions of her defence counsel are untenable to establish and are therefore not adopted by this Court.

This Court holds that the Defendant has established a personal blog site for Xu Zhiyong and assisted him in uploading essays to the site aiming at subverting state power; her acts have thus constituted the crime of inciting subversion of state power. The criminal facts alleged by the Prosecution against the Defendant for committing the crime of inciting subversion of state power are clear, the evidence is reliable and sufficient, and therefore, the charges are established. Based on the facts, nature, circumstances, and societal harm of the crime committed by the Defendant and in accordance with Paragraph 2 of Article 105, Paragraph 1 of Article 55, Paragraph 1 of Article 56, and Article 64 of The Criminal Law of the People’s Republic of China, the Court hereby rules that:

I. The Defendant committed the crime of inciting subversion of state power and is sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of three (3) years and eight (8) months, with two (2) years of deprivation of political rights; (The term of imprisonment shall be counted from the date of execution of the judgement; where the Defendant is detained on remand prior to the execution of the judgement, one day of such detention shall be credited as one day of the sentence; where the Defendant is placed under residential surveillance at a designated location, two days of such residential surveillance shall be credited as one day of the sentence, therefore, the term of imprisonment begins on 6 February 2021 and ends on 3 August 2024.) and

II. The laptop computers, mobile phone, USB drive and other articles distrained from the Defendant by the public security organ were all assets used by the Defendant in her committal of the crime and are, therefore, to be confiscated according to law.

If the Defendant refuses to accept the present judgement as final and binding, a petition for appeal may be submitted through this Court or directly to the Shandong High People’s Court within ten (10) days commencing on the day following the day of receipt of this judgement. In case of a written appeal, one (1) original copy and two (2) duplicated copies of the petition shall be submitted.

title: Translation:People v Li Qiaochu (2024)


text:
Page:Poetical works (IA poeticalworks00grayrich).pdf/167

Notes


text:
Index:Sophocles (Storr 1912) v1.djvu/styles.css

/* Index table: two columns, L-R aligned */ .work_TOC { margin: auto; max-width: 36em; }

.work_TOC td:nth-child(1) { vertical-align: top; font-variant: all-small-caps; }

.work_TOC td:nth-child(2) { text-align: right; vertical-align: top; }


text:
Index:Sophocles (Storr 1919) v2.djvu/styles.css

/* Index table: two columns, L-R aligned */ .work_TOC { margin: auto; max-width: 36em; }

.work_TOC td:nth-child(1) { vertical-align: top; font-variant: all-small-caps; }

.work_TOC td:nth-child(2) { text-align: right; vertical-align: top; }


text:
Page:Sophocles (Storr 1912) v1.djvu/168

Τέκνον τυφλοῦ γέροντος Ἀντιγόνη, τίνας

χώρους ἀφίγμεθ᾽ ἢ τίνων ἀνδρῶν πόλιν;

τίς τὸν πλανήτην Οἰδίπουν καθ᾽ ἡμέραν

τὴν νῦν σπανιστοῖς δέξεται δωρήμασιν;

σμικρὸν μὲν ἐξαιτοῦντα, τοῦ σμικροῦ δ᾽ ἔτι

μεῖον φέροντα, καὶ τόδ᾽ ἐξαρκοῦν ἐμοί:

στέργειν γὰρ αἱ πάθαι με χὠ χρόνος ξυνὼν

μακρὸς διδάσκει καὶ τὸ γενναῖον τρίτον.

ἀλλ᾽, ὦ τέκνον, θάκησιν εἴ τινα βλέπεις

ἢ πρὸς βεβήλοις ἢ πρὸς ἄλσεσιν θεῶν,

στῆσόν με κἀξίδρυσον, ὡς πυθώμεθα

ὅπου ποτ᾽ ἐσμέν: μανθάνειν γὰρ ἥκομεν

ξένοι πρὸς ἀστῶν, ἃν δ᾽ ἀκούσωμεν τελεῖν.

πάτερ ταλαίπωρ᾽ Οἰδίπους, πύργοι μέν, οἳ

15πόλιν στέγουσιν, ὡς ἀπ᾽ ὀμμάτων, πρόσω:

χῶρος δ᾽ ὅδ᾽ ἱερός, ὡς ἀπεικάσαι, βρύων

δάφνης, ἐλαίας, ἀμπέλου· πυκνόπτεροι δ᾽

εἴσω κατ᾽ αὐτὸν εὐστομοῦσ᾽ ἀηδόνες:

οὗ κῶλα κάμψον τοῦδ᾽ ἐπ᾽ ἀξέστου πέτρου:

μακρὰν γὰρ ὡς γέροντι προὐστάλης ὁδόν.

κάθιζέ νύν με καὶ φύλασσε τὸν τυφλόν. 146

title: Page:Sophocles (Storr 1912) v1.djvu/168


text:
Page:Sophocles (Storr 1912) v1.djvu/170

 ANTirONH

ypovov fjuev ovveK ov ixaOelv jxe oel rooe.

OIAinOT2

6%6t9 BiSd^ai St] fjL oTToi KaOearafjuev;

ANTirONH

Ta9 fyovv 'AOrjva^ olBa, tov Be %wpoi^ ov.

oiAinoTS 7ra9 yap tl^ rjuSa tovto y rjfuv i/jL7ropcov.

ANTirONH

aXX' oaTi<; 6 roiro^ rj fxdOw fMoXovad ttol;

OIAinOY2

val, T6KV0V, elirep eari y i^ocKyjacfjuo^.

ANTirONH

aXX' earl fir)V oIkiito^' OLOfiat 8e Seiv ovhev TreXa? yap dvBpa rovSe vwv opco.

OIAinOYS

rj Bevpo TTpocFGTei'X^ovTa Ka^opjxdijjievov;

ANTirONH

Kai Brj /JL€V ovv irapovra' ^^ tl aot eyeiv evKatpov eaTiV, evve(j>, ft)? dvrjp oSe.

OIAinOT5

CO ^6tv, aKovwv TTJaSe r?)? virep r ejiov avrrji; 0* 6pd)ai](, ovv€)(^ tj/buv atcTLo^ aKOTTO'^ 7rpo(Tt]K€L(o)V dStjXovfiev (f)paaac —

HEN02

TTplv vvv rd TrXeiov laropelv, etc T>)cr8 eS/)a? e^eXd e%6/9 yap X^P^^ ^^X "7^^i^ irarelv.

OIAinOT2

Tt9 S* ecrO* 6 ^w/909; tov dedv vofxii^eTai; 148

title: Page:Sophocles (Storr 1912) v1.djvu/170


text:
Page:Sophocles (Storr 1912) v1.djvu/172

 EEN02 aOiKTo^ ovK olfCTjTOS' al yap efi(j)o/3oi ^ Beai (T(p' exovaL, Fr}? re koI %kotov Kopat. 40

OIAinOT2

TLVcov TO aejjbvov ovofju av ev^alfxi^v kvwv;

HEN05

ra? irdvff opooaa^ Evpueviha^ 6 7 ivOdh'' dv eiTTOi Xem VLV dXKa 8' aXXa%oO Kokd.

oiAinoTS ttXX' rXeco fjbev tov Uerrjv he^aiaro- ^ ft)9 ovx eSpa^ yrj(ttjcfS' dv i^eXOotfi en.

HEN02 TL O eaTL TOVTO;

OIAinOTS

^v/jL(l>opd<; ^vvdrjfjb ifirj^;.

HEN02

aXX' ovB' efxoi rot rov^avtardvai iroXeco^ Ux eVrt Odpao^, irpiv 7 dv ivhei^w tl Spa).

OIAinOTS

7r/)09 vvv 6eo)v, o) ^elve, p.r] p.' dTtp,darj<i, TOtovS' di]T7]v, wv ae irpoaTpeirw (ppdcraL.

HEN02 a7]p.aLV6, KOVK aTL/JLO^ €K y ip^ov (pavel.

OIAinOTS

Tt? ecrO" 6 x^po^ S^r'. eV cp (Se^vfcap^ev;

HEN02 6a olBa Kuyoi irdvr eVto-Tr/cret Kva)V' X(^po^ P'ev lepb<; ird^ 08' ear- ex^ei he viv aep^vo^ TloaeihoiV' ev 8' o irvpcpopo^ 6eo<; Tirdv Upop,r]6ev^' ov 8' eVio-ret^et? tottov, 150

title: Page:Sophocles (Storr 1912) v1.djvu/172


text:
Page:Sophocles (Storr 1912) v1.djvu/174

 ')(j9ovo'!; KaXetrat ri^aSe p^aX/coTrof? 0869,^ epetafJL ^Adrjvcov ol he ttXtjo-lol yvao

TOvS* LTT'TrOTtlV K.o(OVOV €V')^OVTaL a(j)Laiv

dp')(r)yov elvai /cat (pepovat rovvofxa 60

TO TOvSe KOivov irdvre^i divofxaafxevoi. Toiavrd aoi ravr icTTiv, m fez/', ov 'yoL<; Ttfjid)/ji€v, dWd rfj ^vvovaia irKeov.

OIAinOT2 rj ydp Ttve<^ valovac rovaBe tov<; tottov;;

EEN05 Kol Kdpra, TovSe rod Oeov y eTrdyvvfjuot.

OIAinOT2

dp')(ei Ti<^ avTMV r) ^irl rd) TrXrjOei X0709;

EEN02 eK Tov KaT darv ^aauXew^; rdS' a/j^erat.

oiAinoTS ovTO<; he Tt? Xoyo) re kol aOevei icparel;

EEN05 Srj(Tev<; KaXeirao, tov irplv Alyecof; t6ko<^.

OIAinOT2

dp dv Ti<; avrd) 7ro/>t7ro9 ef v/judyv /jloXoi; 7

HEN05 0)9 7rpo<; ri Xe^cov rj KarapTixTcov jxoXelv;

OIAinOT2 ft)9 dv irpoaapKMV a-puKpd KepBdvrj jjueya.

EEN02 KoX tI<; 7r/oo9 dv8po<; fir) ^Xe7rovTO<; dpK6at<;;

OIAinOT2 6a dv Xeyco/juev TrdvO* opdivra Xe^o/juev.

152

title: Page:Sophocles (Storr 1912) v1.djvu/174


text:
Page:Sophocles (Storr 1912) v1.djvu/176

 HEN02 ol(t6, M ^ev, ft)? vvv fit] cr v/jiMv rrjaSe 7^9 eKafi^^ eyco, ^OL0o) T€ Ka/jLol fjLT] jevTjaO^ dyv(o/jLOV€<;y 09 jjiOL, rd TToXX' i/cetv or €^e')(pr} KaKa, TavTrjv eXefe iravXav iv 'y^povcp /xaKpo), iXOovTi '^(opav repfxiav, oirov decov (T€/jLvmv eBpav d^0L/jLt koI ^evoaraacv, 90 evravOa Kdfjby^eiv rov TaXaiiroopov ^iov, KepSr] /mev OLKijaavra Tot9 SeSey/jbevoL^i, ciTTjv Be T0A9 TrefiyjracTLV, oc /x dirrfKaaav arjfMeca S^ rj^eiv rcovSe /jLOL Traprjyyva, 7) aeca/jLOv rj Ppovrrjv tlv rj Ai09 cr€Xa<;, eyvcoKa jiev vvv W9 yu-e Trjvhe rrjv oSov OVK eaO^ 07rft)9 ov iTLarov i^ v/jlmv irrepov i^riyay" 6t9 toK dXao<;' ov yap dv irore irpooTaiaiV v/jLiv dvreKvpa oSocTropcov, VTjcPcov doivoi'=;, kuttI cre/jivov e^ofirjv ^dOpov Toh' daKerrapvov. dXXd /xoc, Oeal, ^lov Kaj 6/j,cf)d^ Ta9 'A7roXXft)i^09 Sore 154

title: Page:Sophocles (Storr 1912) v1.djvu/176


text:
Page:Sophocles (Storr 1912) v1.djvu/178

 irepaoriv rjhrj koL KaracTT pof^rjv TLva, el /jltj Bokm re /jL€ioi^(o<; 6%et^', del /jl6x^ol<; Xarpevwv roc<s vrrepTaroi^ jBpoTOiV. IT, M yXvKelat 7ralSe<; dpy^aiov Z/corov, tr, M /jLeyL(7Tr]<; TIaXXaSo? KaXov/Jbevat iracTMV 'AOrjvac TtfitcordTr) TroXt?, ol/CTipar dvBpb<; OIBlttov toB^ aOXtov ethaykov ov yap 8r) toS' dpxalov Be/Jia<;. iio

ANTirONH

alya' Tropevovrat yap o'lBe Bij Tive<; y^povw iraXatoi, arj<; €Bpa<; einaKoirot.

oiAinoYS cny7](T0/Jiai re Kal 09* 7rpoae/3a yap ovk av TTOT aaTtpe<; axao^ e? rdvK d/jLac/jLaKerdv Kopdv, d<; Tpe/xofiev Xeyeiv Kal irapafxet^oixeaO dSepKTO)<;, 130 d(j)(t)V(0<;, aXoyay^ rb Td<^ ^ evaar' ai/rSv irpoaStpKov M8S. , Hermann corr. 156

title: Page:Sophocles (Storr 1912) v1.djvu/178


text:
Page:Sophocles (Storr 1912) v1.djvu/180

 ev(f)d/J^ov (TTOfJba ^povrlho^ levre'^, ra 8e vvv rtv r^Keiv ^o<=; ovhev a^ovO ov iyco Xevcracov irepl irav ovtto)

SvvafjLac Tefjuevo^

yvMvai TTOV /ulol itots vaiet.

OIAinOT2

oS' iKetvo<; iyco' (fxovfj yap opo),

TO (f)aTL^6fjL€V0V.

X0P02

L(0 too,

Secvo^ jxev opav, Secvo*; Be Kkveiv.

oiAinoTS fXT] fJb, Ik6T6V(0, TTpoo-tSrjT avofxov.

X0P02 ZeO aKe^rjTOp, rt? iroO' 6 irpeajBv^;;

oiAinoTS ov TTCLVV fjboipa^^ €v8aLjjiovi<jai 7rpcoTr)<i, 0) TTJaS^ ecj^opoi ')(copa<^. hrjKoi S'' ov yap civ &)8' dWorpLOi*; ofi/jLaaiv elpiTOv kolitX GpuiKpol^ fxeya^ cop/jLOVv.

X0P02 i'q, aXacjv o/jUfjudrcov "^t* «.

apa /cal rjaOa (^VTaKfiiO^; hvaaiwv fjua/cpaicov y, oa eireLKaaai. A'J"

aXk OV fxav ev y €/jlol 7Tpocrdr}a€L^ rdaS^ dpd<;. Trepa? ydp, Tre/ja?" aXX' Ibva tc38 iv d- ^Oey/CTO) fjLT) 7rpo7re<Trj(i vaireu

^ oos MS8., Bothe corr.

•^ irpoard-fiiTds MSS., Blaydes coir.

158

title: Page:Sophocles (Storr 1912) v1.djvu/180


text:
Page:Sophocles (Storr 1912) v1.djvu/182

 •TTOidevTi, KaOvSpo^; ov fcparrjp /j£tXi'X^i(OV ttotwv pevfiarc avvrpex^i, ^^^ TOP, ^eve 7rdfjLfjL0p ev (f>vKa^aL; fjuerdarad^, diro^auL. iroX- Xd K€€v6o<; iparvei' Kkvei^;, 0) 7rov/jLO')(^d dXdra; Xoyov el tlv oto-et? TT/Oo? ejjbdv Xeaxciv, d^drcov diro/Bd^;, Xva irddi voiJLO Trdrep, daTol^ laa XRV /AeXerai/, elKovTa^ a Bet /caKOvovTa^i.

OIAinOT2

Trpoadcyi vvv /jlov.

ANTirONH

'yjravco /cat St;.

oiAinoTS w ^eve, fJLT] BrJT^ dSt/crjdco aoi iriGTevaa^ koi /j,eTavaaTd<;.

X0P02 ov TOO pLTjirore a €K tmvS' eSpdvcov, arp, ^ u) yepov, aKOvrd ri? d^ei.

OIAinOT5

if ■> f er ovv;

X0P02 €TL ^alve TTopaa)}

1 MSS. ir ulv Ui irpo&u) ; iir(0aiv6, Bothe and Reiske corr.

160

title: Page:Sophocles (Storr 1912) v1.djvu/182


text:
Page:Sophocles (Storr 1912) v1.djvu/184

 OIAinOY2

ert;

XOP02

Trpo^i/Ba^e, tcovpa, TTopaw ' (TV yap aiei^.

ANTirONH

j ^ —

^ ±

OIAinOT2 ANTirONH

180

eVeo /xay, eW wS' ap.avp(p K(jL>(p, TTCiTep, a a dyo). oiAinoTS

z. — — -^ ^ — —

XOP02 ToX/JLa ^elvo^ eirl ^evrj^, CO Td/jL(ov, 6 TC fcal 7roXt9 Terpoc^ev dcpiXov dirodTvyelv KoX TO (piXov aejSeadai.

oiAinoTS dye vvv (TV /xe, iral, Xv av evae^Lu^i i7rL/3aLVOVT€<; TO fjih eLTTOL/JLev, TO 3' aKOvaaLfiev, Kol fir] %/3eta iroXefiMfiev.

X0P02 aVTOV' fJb7]K6TL TOvS' aVTOTTeTpOV^

/Srjfjbazo^; ef&) iroSa KXivrj^.

OIAinOY2

ovT(t}<;;

1 hivrnrfTpov MSS., Musgrave corr.

190

dvT. ^'

162

title: Page:Sophocles (Storr 1912) v1.djvu/184


text:
Page:Sophocles (Storr 1912) v1.djvu/186

 X0P02

OIAinOT2

71 eauM,

X0P02

ANTirONH

iraTep, ifiov toS'' eV davxaio}

oiAinoTS to) uot />tot.

ANTirONH

^daei l3(i(TLV apfioo-UL, r^epaov 69 %e/)a aM^ia aov TrpoKXiva^ (piXiav ifidv. OIAinOT2

wyLtot Sv(J(f)povo<; dra^.

XOP02 S) Tdfio)v, ore i^Oi^ %«t^«<?> avSaaov, tl? e(/)V9 0poTMv; ^^

Tt? 6 TTOXV-TTOVO^ dy€L; TLV ClP

GOV iraTplh' eKTrvOoip.av; oiAinoTS

aTTOTTToXt?- aXXa fir]

XOP02 TL ToS' d7revv67T€L<i, yepov;

• oiAinoTS

M M M A^' ^'^^^PV '^''^ ^^V^» fi7]B' i^erdar)^ irepa fiarevcov.

1 MSS. fV T/a-i'X'?. coi-r. Reisig

164

title: Page:Sophocles (Storr 1912) v1.djvu/186


text:
Page:Sophocles (Storr 1912) v1.djvu/188

 X0P02

Tl TOO ; '■

OIAinOYS

X0P02

avSa. oiAinoTS reKVOV, MfioL, tl yeycovo);

X0P02 TiVO<; el (TTrepfiaro^, w ^eve, cpwvet, TrarpoOev.

OIAinOYS

MfJiOL iyo), Ti TrdOo), reKVOV ifiov;

ANTirONH

ey, eVetVe/) eV eaxara ^aivet^.

OIAinOTS

dV e>w- ov yap e%« fcaTaKpvcpdv.

X0P02 fjiUKpa fjieXXerov, ciWa rdxwe.

OIAinOTS

Aatov tare tlv;

X0P02 M iOV iOV. — ^

oiAinoYS TO Tt- Aaffha/ciSdv y6vo<;;

X0P02

M ZeO.

OIAinOT2

ddXiov OlhiiTohav;

X0P02

(TV yap 00 €i;

1 MSS. Tl T(55e ; Seica, corr. Hartung. ^ ^ . ,

•'^T^i'' a7r({7o»/o»/; MSS., corr. Hermann, Xo. 5» & lov.

166

title: Page:Sophocles (Storr 1912) v1.djvu/188


text:
Page:Sophocles (Storr 1912) v1.djvu/190

 OIAinOT2

0609 layeie fji7]oev oa avdo).

X0P02 too ft) CO.

OIAinOTS Bv(T/JiOpO^.

X0P02

ft) ft>.

OIAinOYS

Ovjarep, tl ttot" avrcKa Kvpaei;

XOP02 efft) iTopaoy /Salvere ')(^(opa<;.

oiAinoTS

X0P05

ovhevl fjiOipiSia rlo-if; €p')(€Tai av irpoirdOr) to TLveiv aTrdra 8' aTrd- 230 rat? irepatf; irepa irapa^aWo p,e- va TTovoVy ov ')(dpLV, dvTiSiScocnv e- yeiv. (TV Se TMvS^ eSpdvcov 7rdiv eKTOiro^ avOif; dcj)opjuLO<^ ipid<; ')(6ovo^ eKOope, pbYj Ti irepa %/3eo9 ijjba iroXet irpoad'y^r)'^.

ANTirONH

ft) ^evoL alS6(f)pov€(, dW iiTet jepaov IT are pa rovS^ €p,ov ovK dverXar^ epycov dKovTcov dLOVT€<; avSdv, 240 aXX* ipe rdv pekeav, iKereuop^ev, co ^euoi, OLKTcpau, a 168

title: Page:Sophocles (Storr 1912) v1.djvu/190


text:
Page:Sea spray and smoke drift (IA seaspraysmokedri00gord).pdf/37

Rh


text:
Page:Sophocles (Storr 1912) v1.djvu/192

 Trarpo? VTrep tov/jlov /jlovov^ avTO/iiat ovK aaot<; irpoaopcdfxeva 6/jb/jba aov ofXfJLaaiv, w? rt? acj) aL/jbaTO<; v/jberepov Trpocfyavelaa, tov aOXiov alBovf; Kvpaar iv v/jl/jlc yap co? dero KeifjueOa Tdfjiov€<^. cOOC ere, vevaare rav ahoKrfTov TT/oo? cr 6 TL aoi cf)iXov e/c aeOev avrofxaiy 250 7) reKvov 7] A,e^09 rj %/oeo9 i] tf6o<;' 5 ov yap lSoc<^ av a6po)v ^porov ocrri^ av, el 6eo<^ ayoi, eK^vyelv hyvairo.

X0P02 aX tcrOi, reKvov OiZiirov, ere r e^ laov oiKTipo/xev Kal rovBe (TV/jL<f)opd<; ')(^apiV' TO, 5' e/c decbv rpe/LLOvre^; ov aOevoifiev av <f)coveiv irepa rcov 7rpb<; ae vvv elprj/jievoi)v.

OIAinOTS

TL Bijra Bo^rjf; rj rl fcXrjSovo^; KaXi]^; /jbdrrjv peovar)<; oo^eXrjixa yiyverai, el ra? 7' ^A6ijva((f)acrl OeoaePeaTara^^ 260 etvai, pibva<^ 8e tov KaKOvpievov ^evov aay^etv o'ia<; re /cal pb6va<i dpKelv e')(eiv; KcipbOiye irov TavT eaTiv, oWive^ ^dOpcov eK TMvSe p! e^dpavre^i eZr' eXavveTe, ovopua pbovov heiaavTe<^; ov yap Stj to ye acopL ov^e Tcipya Tapu' errel Td y epya puov ireirovdoT ecrrl pudWov rj SeSpa/coTa, et (Toi TO, /irjTpo^; fcal 7raTp6<; %/5et?7 Xeyetv,

1 TOV ixSvov MSS. Triclinius conjectured rovfiov. Hermann, Tovfiov jx6vov.

- K6yos M8S., Reiske corr.

170

title: Page:Sophocles (Storr 1912) v1.djvu/192


text:
Page:Cyclopedia of Western Australia, volume 1.pdf/8

 The

CYCLOPEDIA OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA

VOL I.


text:
Page:Cyclopedia of Western Australia, volume 1.pdf/4

 Presented to the West Australian Historical Society by Mr P. Wrightson

Wembley, West Australia, 1957


text:
Page:The life of Charlotte Brontë (IA lifeofcharlotteb02gaskrich).pdf/315

 grey, dull-coloured rows of stone cottages belonging to these factories, and then we came to poor, hungry-looking fields;—stone fences everywhere, and trees nowhere. Haworth is a long, straggling village: one steep narrow street—so steep that the flag-stones with which it is paved are placed end-ways, that the horses' feet may have something to cling to, and not slip down backwards; which if they did, they would soon reach Keighley. But if the horses had cats' feet and claws, they would do all the better. Well, we (the man, horse, car, and I) clambered up this street, and reached the church dedicated to St. Autest (who was he?); then we turned off into a lane on the left, past the curate's lodging at the Sexton's, past the school-house, up to the Parsonage yard-door. I went round the house to the front door, looking to the church;—moors everywhere beyond and above. The crowded grave-yard surrounds the house and small grass enclosure for drying clothes.

"I don't know that I ever saw a spot more exquisitely clean; the most dainty place for that I ever saw. To be sure, the life is like clock-work. No one comes to the house; nothing disturbs the deep repose; hardly a voice is heard; you catch the ticking of the clock in the kitchen, or the buzzing of a fly in the parlour, all over the house. Miss Brontë sits alone in her parlour; breakfasting with her father in his study at nine o'clock. She helps in the housework; for one of their servants, Tabby, is nearly ninety, and the other only a girl. Then I accompanied her in her walks on the sweeping moors: the


text:
Page:The life of Charlotte Brontë (IA lifeofcharlotteb02gaskrich).pdf/316

 heather-bloom had been blighted by a thunder-storm a day or two before, and was all of a livid brown colour, instead of the blaze of purple glory it ought to have been. Oh! those high, wild, desolate moors, up above the whole world, and the very realms of silence! Home to dinner at two. Mr. Brontë has his dinner sent into [sic] him. All the small table arrangements had the same dainty simplicity about them. Then we rested, and talked over the clear, bright fire; it is a cold country, and the fires were a pretty warm dancing light all over the house. The parlour has been evidently refurnished within the last few years, since Miss Brontë's success has enabled her to have a little more money to spend. Everything fits into, and is in harmony with, the idea of a country parsonage, possessed by people of very moderate means. The prevailing colour of the room is crimson, to make a warm setting for the cold grey landscape without. There is her likeness by Richmond, and an engraving from Lawrence's picture of Thackeray; and two recesses, on each side of the high, narrow, old-fashioned mantel-piece, filled with books,—books given to her, books she has bought, and which tell of her individual pursuits and tastes; not standard books.

"She cannot see well, and does little beside knitting. The way she weakened her eyesight was this: When she was sixteen or seventeen, she wanted much to draw; and she copied nimini-pimini copper-plate engravings out of annuals, ('stippling,' don't the artists call it?) every little point put in, till at the end of six months


text:
Page:The life of Charlotte Brontë (IA lifeofcharlotteb02gaskrich).pdf/317

 she had produced an exquisitely faithful copy of the engraving. She wanted to learn to express her ideas by drawing. After she had tried to draw stories, and not succeeded, she took the better mode of writing; but in so small a hand, that it is almost impossible to decipher what she wrote at this time.

"But now to return to our quiet hour of rest after dinner. I soon observed that her habits of order were such that she could not go on with the conversation, if a chair was out of its place; everything was arranged with delicate regularity. We talked over the old times of her childhood; of her elder sister's (Maria's) death,—just like that of Helen Burns in 'Jane Eyre;' of those strange, starved days at school; of the desire (almost amounting to illness) of expressing herself in some way,—writing or drawing; of her weakened eyesight, which prevented her doing anything for two years, from the age of seventeen to nineteen; of her being a governess; of her going to Brussels; whereupon I said I disliked Lucy Snowe, and we discussed M. Paul Emanuel; and I told her of 's admiration of 'Shirley,' which pleased her, for the character of Shirley was meant for her sister Emily, about whom she is never tired of talking, nor I of listening. Emily must have been a remnant of the Titans,—great-grand-daughter of the giants who used to inhabit earth. One day, Miss Brontë brought down a rough, common-looking oil-painting, done by her brother, of herself,—a little, rather prim-looking girl of eighteen,—and the two other sisters, girls of sixteen and fourteen, with cropped hair, and sad, dreamy-looking eyes Emily


text:
Page:Cyclopedia of Western Australia, volume 1.pdf/23

 plains stretching along the edge of the Great Australian Bight. The scarcity and uncertainty of the rainfall over the greater part of the plateau, more particularly over that lying east of the 119th meridian, make it unsuitable for settlement of an agricultural or pastoral nature, and the towns and townships that do exist are those which have grown up round the great mining industry

The coastal areas on the west are principally of a flat and sandy nature, sparsely covered with vegetation, except in the south-west, where we find large forests of karri, jarrah, gum, and other timbers of great commercial value. The southern seaboard is of much the same character until we get farther eastward, where we meet the well-grassed limestone plains between the edge of the plateau and the sea, which await only the discovery of artesian water to make them among the most productive in the State.

There are no mountains of any considerable height in Western Australia. Those best known are scarps of the plateau, rising above the coastal plains. Of them the most important is the Darling Range, which runs almost due north and south from Yatheroo to Point d'Entrecasteaux. It lies about 18 or 20 miles from the west coast, with which it is practically parallel, and though never rising above 1,700 ft, from sea-level exercises a great effect upon the climatic conditions of the most settled portion of the State. The Stirling Range, to the north-east of Albany, forms the western end of the southern face of the plateau. This is the loftiest range in the south of Western Australia, at Bluff Knoll reaching a height of 3,640 ft. Rising abruptly from the plain, perfectly isolated, it is visible for a very considerable distance, and forms the most- striking landmark in the southern districts. In the northern part we find the Princess May, King Leopold, and Hamersley Ranges. In the lastnamed we have Mount Bruce, which, possessing an altitude of 3,800 ft., is the highest known point on the western side of the continent. There are no active volcanoes, but extinct craters are said to exist in the neighbourhood of the Princess May Range in the extreme north. All these mountains are fairly close to the coastline. The in- terior of the State, so far as is known, does not possess any eminence that may be dignified with the title of a mountain. Isolated hills occur at intervals, which from the flatness of the surrounding desert appear unduly prominent, but none of them can boast of an altitude of even 1,000 ft.

No portion of the continent is so badly provided with rivers as the west. The whole interior, embraced by the plateau previously mentioned, does not possess a single river draining into the sea or into any inland lake. Such rivers as exist in the State are confined to the strip of land between the edges of the tableland and the sea, and are formed by the drainage from the scarp side of the elevation. Many of them are not able to boast either of considerable length or consistent depth of water, except during the rainy season Commencing at the far north, there are (excluding tributaries) the Ord and the Pentecost emptying into Cambridge Gulf, with the Chamberlain and Durack possibly debouching in the same inlet; the Drysdale and King Edward into Napier Broome Bay; the Prince Regent and Sale into bays along the coast; and Chamley into Collier Bay. Coming down the north-west coast we meet the Fitzroy, De Grey, Yule, Fortescue, and Ashburton; along the west there are the Gascoyne, Wooramel, Murchison, Greenough, Swan, Murray, Collie, and Preston. The principal of all these—in fact, the chief river of the State—is the Swan, which above tidal waters is called the Avon. On it are situated the oldest towns in Western Australia, as the colonization of the country was commenced at that point. For a considerable distance from the mouth it partakes more of the nature of an estuary, being subject to tidal fluctuations and the water being consequently salt in character. On the southern coast the principal streams are the Blackwood, Frankland, Warren, Denmark, and Phillips, none of which possesses any characteristics calling for special mention.

There are no lakes worthy of the name throughout the State. As regard the great interior, this may be explained by the arid nature of the country due to the slight and irregular rainfall, and the rapid evaporation of moisture caused by the intense heat of the sun. The so-called lakes of this great region, in many cases considerable in extent, are, except after occasional heavy rains, merely immense salt marshes or claypans. But even between the ranges and the sea, where we might expect to find sheets of permanent water, there are very few, and these, except during the rainy season, are little better than swamps or marshes. Salt lagoons occur in places, but they have little or no economic value.

Owing to the deeply indented coastline north of the 19th parallel of latitude there are innumerable bays, gulfs, and inlets in that portion of the State. To mention them all would be wearisome, but the chief are Cambridge Gulf, Napier Broome Bay, Vansittart Bay, Admiralty Gulf, Montague and York Sounds, Brunswick Bay, Camden Sound, Collier Bay, King Sound, Beagle Bay (at which is established an aboriginal mission), Roebuck and La Grange Bays, Point Walcott, Nickol Bay, and Exmouth Gulf. On the west and south coasts there are Shark Bay, Champion Bay, Cockburn Sound, Koombana, Geographe, and Flinders Bay, King George Sound, and Esperance Bay. While many of them afford safe anchorage, Princess Royal Harbour (within King George Sound) and Cambridge Gulf are


text:
Page:The life of Charlotte Brontë (IA lifeofcharlotteb02gaskrich).pdf/318

 had a great dog,—half mastiff, half bull-dog—so savage, &c. This dog went to her funeral, walking side by side with her father; and then, to the day of its death, it slept at her room door, snuffing under it, and whining every morning.

"We have generally had another walk before tea, which is at six; at half-past eight, prayers; and by nine, all the household are in bed, except ourselves. We sit up together till ten, or past; and after I go, I hear Miss Brontë come down and walk up and down the room for an hour or so."

Copying this letter has brought the days of that pleasant visit very clear before me,—very sad in their clearness. We were so happy together; we were so full of interest in each other's subjects. The day seemed only too short for what we had to say and to hear. I understood her life the better for seeing the place where it had been spent—where she had loved and suffered. Mr. Brontë was a most courteous host; and when he was with us,—at breakfast in his study, or at tea in Charlotte's parlour,—he had a sort of grand and stately way of describing past times, which tallied well with his striking appearance. He never seemed quite to have lost the feeling that Charlotte was a child to be guided and ruled, when she was present; and she herself submitted to this with a quiet docility that half amused, half astonished me. But when she had to leave the room, then all his pride in her genius and fame came out. He eagerly listened to everything I could tell


text:
Page:The life of Charlotte Brontë (IA lifeofcharlotteb02gaskrich).pdf/319

 him of the high admiration I had at any time heard expressed for her works. He would ask for certain speeches over and over again, as if he desired to impress them on his memory.

I remember two or three subjects of the conversations which she and I held in the evenings, besides those alluded to in my letter.

I asked her whether she had ever taken opium, as the description given of its effects in "Villette" was so exactly like what I had experienced,—vivid and exaggerated presence of objects, of which the outlines were indistinct, or lost in golden mist, &c. She replied, that she had never, to her knowledge, taken a grain of it in any shape, but that she had followed the process she always adopted when she had to describe anything which had not fallen within her own experience; she had thought intently on it for many and many a night before falling to sleep,—wondering what it was like, or how it would be,—till at length, sometimes after the progress of her story had been arrested at this one point for weeks, she wakened up in the morning with all clear before her, as if she had in reality gone through the experience, and then could describe it, word for word, as it had happened. I cannot account for this psychologically; I only am sure that it was so, because she said it.

She made many inquiries as to Mrs. Stowe's personal appearance; and it evidently harmonised well with some theory of hers, to hear that the author of "Uncle Tom's Cabin" was small and slight. It was another theory of hers, that no mixtures of blood produced such


text:
Page:The life of Charlotte Brontë (IA lifeofcharlotteb02gaskrich).pdf/320

 fine characters, mentally and morally, as the Scottish and English.

I recollect, too, her saying how acutely she dreaded a charge of plagiarism, when, after she had written "Jane Eyre," she read the thrilling effect of the mysterious scream at midnight in Mrs. Marsh's story of the "Deformed." She also said that, when she read the "Neighbours," she thought every one would fancy that she must have taken her conception of Jane Eyre's character from that of "Francesca," the narrator of Miss Bremer's story. For my own part, I cannot see the slightest resemblance between the two characters, and so I told her; but she persisted in saying that Francesca was Jane Eyre married to a good-natured "Bear" of a Swedish surgeon.

We went, not purposely, but accidentally, to see various poor people in our distant walks. From one we had borrowed an umbrella; in the house of another we had taken shelter from a rough September storm. In all these cottages, her quiet presence was known. At three miles from her home, the chair was dusted for her, with a kindly "Sit ye down, Miss Brontë;" and she knew what absent or ailing members of the family to inquire after. Her quiet, gentle words, few though they might be, were evidently grateful to those Yorkshire ears. Their welcome to her, though rough and curt, was sincere and hearty.

We talked about the different courses through which life ran. She said, in her own composed manner, as if she had accepted the theory as a fact, that she believed


text:
Page:The life of Charlotte Brontë (IA lifeofcharlotteb02gaskrich).pdf/321

 some were appointed beforehand to sorrow and much disappointment; that it did not fall to the lot of all—as Scripture told us—to have their lines fall in pleasant places; that it was well for those who had rougher paths, to perceive that such was God's will concerning them, and try to moderate their expectations, leaving hope to those of a different doom, and seeking patience and resignation as the virtues they were to cultivate. I took a different view: I thought that human lots were more equal than she imagined; that to some happiness and sorrow came in strong patches of light and shadow, (so to speak), while in the lives of others they were pretty equally blended throughout. She smiled, and shook her head, and said she was trying to school herself against ever anticipating any pleasure; that it was better to be brave and submit faithfully; there was some good reason, which we should know in time, why sorrow and disappointment were to be the lot of some on earth. It was better to acknowledge this, and face out the truth in a religious faith.

In connection with this conversation, she named a little abortive plan which I had not heard of till then; how, in the previous July, she had been tempted to join some friends (a married couple and their child) in an excursion to Scotland. They set out joyfully; she with especial gladness, for Scotland was a land which had its roots deep down in her imaginative affections, and the glimpse of two days at Edinburgh was all she had as yet seen of it. But, at the first stage after Carlisle, the little yearling child was taken with a


text:
Page:The life of Charlotte Brontë (IA lifeofcharlotteb02gaskrich).pdf/322

 slight indisposition; the anxious parents fancied that strange diet disagreed with it, and hurried back to their Yorkshire home as eagerly as, two or three days before, they had set their faces northward, in hopes of a month's pleasant ramble.

We parted with many intentions, on both sides, of renewing very frequently the pleasure we had had in being together. We agreed that when she wanted bustle, or when I wanted quiet, we were to let each other know, and exchange visits as occasion required.

I was aware that she had a great anxiety on her mind at this time; and being acquainted with its nature, I could not but deeply admire the patient docility which she displayed in her conduct towards her father.

Soon after I left Haworth, she went on a visit to Miss Wooler, who was then staying at Hornsea. The time passed quietly and happily with this friend, whose society was endeared to her by every year.

1em

"I wonder how you are spending these long winter evenings. Alone, probably, like me. The thought often crosses me, as I sit by myself, how pleasant it would be if you lived within a walking distance, and I could go to you sometimes, or have you to come and spend a day and night with me. Yes; I did enjoy that week at Hornsea, and I look forward to spring as the


text:
Page:The life of Charlotte Brontë (IA lifeofcharlotteb02gaskrich).pdf/323

 period when you will fulfil your promise of coming to visit me. I fear you must be very solitary at Hornsea. How hard to some people of the world it would seem to live your life! how utterly impossible to live it with a serene spirit and an unsoured disposition! It seems wonderful to me, because you are not, like Mrs., phlegmatic and impenetrable, but received from nature feelings of the very finest edge. Such feelings, when they are locked up, sometimes damage the mind and temper. They don't with you. It must be partly principle, partly self-discipline, which keeps you as you are."

Of course, as I draw nearer to the years so recently closed, it becomes impossible for me to write with the same fulness of detail as I have hitherto not felt it wrong to use. Miss Brontë passed the winter of 1853–4 in a solitary and anxious manner. But the great conqueror Time was slowly achieving his victory over strong prejudice and human resolve. By degrees Mr. Brontë became reconciled to the idea of his daughter's marriage.

There is one other letter, addressed to Mr. Dobell, which developes the intellectual side of her character, before we lose all thought of the authoress in the timid and conscientious woman about to become a wife, and in the too short, almost perfect, happiness of her nine months of wedded life.


text: Index:Theory of the motion of the heavenly bodies moving about the sun in conic sections- a translation of Gauss's "Theoria motus." With an appendix (IA theoryofmotionof00gaus).pdf


text:
Page talk:Legends of Rubezahl, and Other Tales (1845).djvu/100

Paragraph 2, lines 8–9: should "cross-/grained" be "cross-grained" or "crossgrained"? -- Yodin T 02:06, 20 February 2024 (UTC)


text:
Page:Legends of Rubezahl, and Other Tales (1845).djvu/100

 through the keyhole as the gaoler drew out the key, after the accustomed manner of sprites.

These first essays at the study of mankind were obviously not calculated to excite any especial feeling of philanthropy in the mind of our gnome, who returned full of indignation to his mountain peak, where he stopped awhile to survey once more the smiling landscape which human industry had created, and marvelled greatly that Dame Nature should have lavished her blessings upon such a cross-grained brood as he had come across. Meditating hereupon, it occurred to him that perhaps he had not sufficiently investigated the matter, and he accordingly resolved to make one more experiment. Retracing his steps, the invisible monarch descended into the valley, and taking a new direction, was strolling through a delicious grove, when, behold, he saw through the trees at a short distance before him, a girl, lovely and fine-formed as Venus, preparing for the bath, surrounded by her companions, with whom, as they reclined on the grassy margin of a cascade, whose silver flood fell gently into a basin constructed by the all-providing hand of Nature, she was prattling in the innocent freedom and gaiety of youth. This vision had such an effect upon his gnomic Majesty, that he well nigh forgot his spiritual nature and attributes, or, rather, would willingly have accepted the lot of humanity, could he have shared it with the fair


text:
The Jungle (Sinclair)

 * The Jungle (1906), the first edition, published by Doubleday, Page & Company
 * The Jungle (1920), self-published by the author

title: The Jungle (Sinclair)


text:
Page:Theory of the motion of the heavenly bodies moving about the sun in conic sections- a translation of Gauss's "Theoria motus." With an appendix (IA theoryofmotionof00gaus).pdf/27

 FIRST BOOK.

GENERAL RELATIONS BETWEEN THOSE QUANTITIES BY WHICH THE MOTIONS OF HEAVENLY BODIES ABOUT THE SUN ARE DEFINED.

FIRST SECTION.

RELATIONS PERTAINING SIMPLY TO POSITION IN THE ORBIT.

1.

In this work we shall consider the motions of the heavenly bodies so far only as they are controlled by the attractive force of the sun. All the secondary planets are therefore excluded from our plan, the perturbations which the primary planets exert upon each other are excluded, as is also all motion of rotation. We regard the moving bodies themselves as mathematical points, and we assume that all motions are performed in obedience to the following laws, which are to be received as the basis of all discussion in this work.

I. The motion of every heavenly body takes place in the same fixed plane in which the centre of the sun is situated.

II. The path described by a body is a conic section having its focus in the centre of the sun.

III. The motion in this path is such that the areas of the spaces described about the sun in different intervals of time are proportional to those intervals. Accordingly, if the times and spaces are expressed in numbers, any space whatever divided by the time in which it is described gives a constant quotient. 1


text:
Page:Theory of the motion of the heavenly bodies moving about the sun in conic sections- a translation of Gauss's "Theoria motus." With an appendix (IA theoryofmotionof00gaus).pdf/28

 IV. For different bodies moving about the sun, the squares of these quotients are in the compound ratio of the parameters of their orbits, and of the sum of the masses of the sun and the moving bodies.

Denoting, therefore, the parameter of the orbit in which the body moves by $2 p$, the mass of this body by $\mu$ (the mass of the sun being put $=1$ ), the area it describes about the sun in the time $t$  by $\frac{1}{2} g,$  then $\frac{g}{t \sqrt{p} \sqrt{1+\mu}}$  will be a constant for all heavenly bodies. Since then it is of no importance which body we use for determining this number, we will derive it from the motion of the earth, the mean distance of which from the sun we shall adopt for the unit of distance; the mean solar day will always be our unit of time. Denoting, moreover, by $\pi$ the ratio of the circumference of the circle to the diameter, the area of the entire ellipse described by the earth will evidently be $\pi \sqrt{p}$, which must therefore be put $=\frac{1}{2} g,$  if by $t$  is understood the sidereal year; whence, our constant becomes $=\frac{2 \pi}{t \sqrt{1+\mu}}$. In order to ascertain the numerical value of this constant, hereafter to be denoted by $k,$ we will put, according to the latest determination, the sidereal year or $t=365{.}2563835,$  the mass of the earth, or $\mu=\frac{1}{354710}=0{.}0000028192,$   whence results

$$\begin{aligned} \log 2 \pi \quad.\quad.\quad.\quad.\quad.\quad.\quad.\quad 0.7981798684\phantom{.} \\ \operatorname{Compl. log.} t \quad.\quad.\quad.\quad.\quad.\quad 7.4374021852\phantom{.} \\ \operatorname{Compl. log.} \sqrt{1+\mu} \quad.\quad.\quad.\quad 9.9999993878\phantom{.} \\ \log k \;\;\quad.\quad.\quad.\quad.\quad.\quad.\quad.\quad 8.2355814414\phantom{.} \\ k= \qquad \qquad \qquad 0.01720209895. \end{aligned}$$

2.

The laws above stated differ from those discovered by our own {{sc|Kepler in no other respect than this, that they are given in a form applicable to all kinds of conic sections, and that the action of the moving body on the sun, on which depends the factor $\sqrt{1+\mu}$, is taken into account. If we regard these laws as phenomena derived from innumerable and indubitable observations, geometry shows what action ought in consequence to be exerted upon bodies moving about


text:
Page:Theory of the motion of the heavenly bodies moving about the sun in conic sections- a translation of Gauss's "Theoria motus." With an appendix (IA theoryofmotionof00gaus).pdf/29

 the sun, in order that these phenomena may be continually produced. In this way it is found that the action of the sun upon the bodies moving about it is exerted just as if an attractive force, the intensity of which is reciprocally proportional to the square of the distance, should urge the bodies towards the centre of the sun. If now, on the other hand, we set out with the assumption of such an attractive force, the phenomena are deduced from it as necessary consequences. It is sufficient here merely to have recited these laws, the connection of which with the principle of gravitation it will be the less necessary to dwell upon in this place, since several authors subsequently to the eminent have treated this subject, and among them the illustrious, in that most perfect work the Mécanique Céleste, in such a manner as to leave nothing further to be desired.

3.

Inquiries into the motions of the heavenly bodies, so far as they take place in conic sections, by no means demand a complete theory of this class of curves; but a single general equation rather, on which all others can be based, will answer our purpose. And it appears to be particularly advantageous to select that one to which, while investigating the curve described according to the law of attraction, we are conducted as a characteristic equation. If we determine any place of a body in its orbit by the distances $x, y,$ from two right lines drawn in the plane of the orbit intersecting each other at right angles in the centre of the sun, that is, in one of the foci of the curve, and further, if we denote the distance of the body from the sun by $r$  (always positive), we shall have between $r,$  $x,$  $y,$  the linear equation $r+\alpha x+\beta y=\gamma,$  in which $\alpha,$  $\beta, \gamma$  represent constant quantities, $\gamma$  being from the nature of the case always positive. By changing the position of the right lines to which $x,$ $y,$  are referred, this position being essentially arbitrary, provided only the lines continue to intersect each other at right angles, the form of the equation and also the value of $\gamma$  will not be changed, but the values of $\alpha$  and $\beta$  will vary, and it is plain that the position may be so determined that $\beta$  shall become $=0,$  and $\alpha,$  at least, not negative. In this way by putting for $\alpha,$ $\gamma,$  respectively $e,$  $p,$  our equation takes the form $r+e x=p.$  The right line to


text:
Page:Theory of the motion of the heavenly bodies moving about the sun in conic sections- a translation of Gauss's "Theoria motus." With an appendix (IA theoryofmotionof00gaus).pdf/30

 which the distances $y$ are referred in this case, is called the line of apsides, $p$  is the semi-parameter, $e$  the eccentricity; finally the conic section is distinguished by the name of ellipse, parabola, or hyperbola, according as $e$  is less than unity, equal to unity, or greater than unity.

It is readily perceived that the position of the line of apsides would be fully determined by the conditions mentioned, with the exception of the single case where both $\alpha$ and $\beta$  were $=0;$  in which case $r$  is always $=p,$  whatever the right lines to which $x,$  $y,$  are referred. Accordingly, since we have $e=0,$ the curve (which will be a circle) is according to our definition to be assigned to the class of ellipses, but it has this peculiarity, that the position of the apsides remains wholly arbitrary, if indeed we choose to extend that idea to such a case.

4.

Instead of the distance $x$ let us introduce the angle $v,$  contained between the line of apsides and a straight line drawn from the sun to the place of the body (the radius vector), and this angle may commence at that part of the line of apsides at which the distances $x$  are positive, and may be supposed to increase in the direction of the motion of the body. In this way we have $x=r \cos v,$ and thus our formula becomes $r=\frac{p}{1+e \cos v},$  from which immediately result the following conclusions :-

I. For $v=0,$ the value of the radius vector $r$  becomes a minimum, that is, $=\frac{p}{1+e}:$  this point is called the perihelion.

II. For opposite values of $v,$ there are corresponding equal values of $r;$  consequently the line of apsides divides the conic section into two equal parts.

III. In the ellipse, $v$ increases continuously from $v=0,$  until it attains its maximum value, $\frac{p}{1-e},$  in aphelion, corresponding to $v=180^{\circ};$  after aphelion, it decreases in the same manner as it had increased, until it reaches the perihelion, corresponding to $v=360^{\circ}.$  That portion of the line of apsides terminated at one extremity by the perihelion and at the other by the aphelion is called the major


text:
Page:Et Cetera, a Collector's Scrap-Book (1924).djvu/59

 makes them put 7:30 in the paper for? The worst of theatres is that you can never—

A sound of moving bolts. A closing up in the ranks of the long line. A warning word from E 243. The song stops and the minstrels hurry forward to the moving crowd with their straw hats outstretched. It is too late. The crowd is so much engaged in feeling for its half-crowns and in keeping a steady eye on the gaping open doorway that it cannot trouble about any more gifts to entertainers.

“’Pon me bloomin’ oath,” says Tambourine with much annoyance, “if this ain’t jest like me nawsty luck!”


text:
Page:Theory of the motion of the heavenly bodies moving about the sun in conic sections- a translation of Gauss's "Theoria motus." With an appendix (IA theoryofmotionof00gaus).pdf/31

 axis; hence the semi-axis major, called also the mean distance, $=\frac{p}{1-e e};$ the distance of the middle point of the axis (the centre of the ellipse) from the focus will be $\frac{e p}{1-e e}=e a,$  denoting by $a$  the semi-axis major.

IV. On the other hand, the aphelion in its proper sense is wanting in the parabola, but $r$ is increased indefinitely as $v$  approaches $+180^{\circ},$  or $-180^{\circ}.$  For $v= \pm 180^{\circ}$  the value of $r$  becomes infinite, which shows that the curve is not cut by the line of apsides at a point opposite the perihelion. Wherefore, we cannot, with strict propriety of language, speak of the major axis or of the centre of the curve; but by an extension of the formulas found in the ellipse, according to the established usage of analysis, an infinite value is assigned to the major axis, and the centre of the curve is placed at an infinite distance from the focus.

V. In the hyperbola, lastly, $v$ is confined within still narrower limits, in fact between $v=-\left(180^{\circ}-\psi\right),$  and $v=+\left(180^{\circ}-\psi\right),$  denoting by $\psi$  the angle of which the cosine $=\frac{1}{e}.$  For whilst $v$  approaches these limits, $r$  increases to infinity; if, in fact, one of these two limits should be taken for $v,$  the value of $r$  would result infinite, which shows that the hyperbola is not cut at all by a right line inclined to the line of apsides above or below by an angle $180^{\circ}-\psi.$  For the values thus excluded, that is to say, from $180^{\circ}-\psi$  to $180^{\circ}+\psi,$  our formula assigns to $r$  a negative value. The right line inclined by such an angle to the line of apsides does not indeed cut the hyperbola, but if produced reversely, meets the other branch of the hyperbola, which, as is known, is wholly separated from the first branch and is convex towards that focus, in which the sun is situated. But in our investigation, which, as we have already said, rests upon the assumption that $r$ is taken positive, we shall pay no regard to that other branch of the hyperbola in which no heavenly body could move, except one on which the sun should, according to the same laws, exert not an attractive but a repulsive force. Accordingly, the aphelion does not exist, properly speaking, in the hyperbola also; that point of the reverse branch which lies in the line of apsides, and which corresponds to the values $v=180^{\circ},$ $r=-\frac{p}{e-1},$  might be considered as analogous to the aphelion. If now, we choose after the manner of the


text:
Page:Theory of the motion of the heavenly bodies moving about the sun in conic sections- a translation of Gauss's "Theoria motus." With an appendix (IA theoryofmotionof00gaus).pdf/32

 ellipse to call the value of the expression $\frac{p}{1-e e},$ even here where it becomes negative, the semi-axis major of the hyperbola, then this quantity indicates the distance of the point just mentioned from the perihelion, and at the same time the position opposite to that which occurs in the ellipse. In the same way $\frac{e p}{1-e e},$ that is, the distance from the focus to the middle point between these two points (the centre of the hyperbola), here obtains a negative value on account of its opposite direction.

5.

We call the angle $v$ the true anomaly of the moving body, which, in the parabola is confined within the limits $-180^{\circ}$  and $+180^{\circ},$  in the hyperbola between $-(180^{\circ}-\psi)$  and $+(180^{\circ}-\psi),$  but which in the ellipse runs through the whole circle in periods constantly renewed. Hitherto, the greater number of astronomers have been accustomed to count the true anomaly in the ellipse not from the perihelion but from the aphelion, contrary to the analogy of the parabola and hyperbola, where, as the aphelion is wanting, it is necessary to begin from the perihelion: we have the less hesitation in restoring the analogy among all classes of conic sections, that the most recent French astronomers have by their example led the way.

It is frequently expedient to change a little the form of the expression $r=\frac{p}{1+e \cos v};$ the following forms will be especially observed:

$$\begin{aligned} & r=\frac{p}{1+e-2 e \sin ^{2} \frac{1}{2} v}=\frac{p}{1-e+2 e \cos ^{2} \frac{1}{2} v} \\ & r=\frac{p}{(1+e) \cos ^{2} \frac{1}{2} v+(1-e) \sin ^{2} \frac{1}{2} v}. \end{aligned}$$

Accordingly, we have in the parabola

$$r=\frac{p}{2 \cos ^{2} \frac{1}{2} v};$$

in the hyperbola the following expression is particularly convenient,

$$r=\frac{p \cos \psi}{2 \cos \frac{1}{2}(v+\psi) \cos \frac{1}{2}(v-\psi)}.$$