text:
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122c. 43

177. In section 151 of the Customs and Excise Management Act 1979 for “section 114 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1952” substitute “section 139 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”.

178. In section 171(2)(a) of the Customs and Excise Management Act 1979 for “section 28 of the Criminal Law Act 1977 (£1,000 or other sum substituted by order under section 61(1) of that Act)” substitute “section 32 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980 (£1,000 or other sum substituted by order under section 143(1) of that Act)”. Customs and Excise Duties (General Reliefs) Act 1979 (c. 3) 179. In section 15(3)(a) of the Customs and Excise Duties (General Reliefs) Act 1979 for “section 28 of the Criminal Law Act 1977 (£1,000 or other sum substituted by order under section 61(1) of that Act)” substitute “section 32 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980 (£1,000 or other sum substituted by order under section 143(1) of that Act)”. Alcoholic Liquor Duties Act 1979 (c. 4) 180. In section 4(1) of the Alcoholic Liquor Duties Act 1979, in the definition of “the prescribed sum”, for “section 28 of the Criminal Law Act 1977 (£1,000 or other sum substituted by order under section 61(1) of that Act)” substitute “section 32 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980 (£1,000 or other sum substituted by order under section 143(1) of that Act)”. Hydrocarbon Oil Duties Act 1979 (c. 5) 181. In section 27(1) of the Hydrocarbon Oil Duties Act 1979, in the definition of “the prescribed sum”, for “section 28 of the Criminal Law Act 1977 (£1,000 or other sum substituted by order under section 61(1) of that Act)” substitute “section 32 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980 (£1,000 or other sum substituted by order under section 143(1) of that Act)”. Agricultural Statistics Act 1979 (c. 13) 182. In section 6(1) of the Agricultural Statistics Act 1979, in the definition of “the prescribed sum”, for “section 28 of the Criminal Law Act 1977 (£1,000 or other sum substituted by order under section 61(1) of that Act)” substitute “section 32 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980 (£1,000 or other sum substituted by order under section 143(1) of that Act)”. Credit Unions Act 1979 (c. 34) 183. In section 31(1) of the Credit Unions Act 1979, in the definition of “statutory maximum”, for “section 28 of the Criminal Law Act 1977” substitute “section 32 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”. Banking Act 1979 (c. 37) 184. In section 50(1) of the Banking Act 1979, in the definition of “statutory maximum”, for “section 28 of the Criminal Law Act 1977” substitute “section 32 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980” and for “the provisions of the Criminal Law Act 1977” substitute “the provisions of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”.


text:
Page:Kalevala (Kirby 1907) v2.djvu/172

160

And the notes were all discordant,

And the music all was jarring.

In the corner slept a blind man,

By the stove there lay an old man,

And beside the stove he wakened.

From the stove he raised an outcry,

From his couch he grumbled loudly,

And he grumbled, and he mumbled,

“Leave it off, and stop your playing,

Cut it short and finish quickly,

For the noise my ears is bursting,

Through my head the noise is echoing,

And through all my hair I feel it,

For a week you’ve made me sleepless.

“And the harp of Suomi’s people

Cannot really give us pleasure,

Lulls us not to sleep when weary,

Nor to rest does it incline us.

Cast it forth upon the waters,

Sink it down beneath the billows,

Send it back to where it came from,

And the instrument deliver

To the hands of those who made it,

To the fingers which constructed.”

With its tongue the harp made answer,

As the kantele resounded:

“No, I will not sink in water,

Nor will rest beneath the billows,

But will play for a musician,

Play for him who toiled to make me.”

Carefully the harp they carried,

And with greatest care conveyed it

Back to him whose hands had made it,

To the knees of its constructor.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Page:Kalevala (Kirby 1907) v2.djvu/172


text: Kalevala (Kirby 1907)/Runo 40

title: Kalevala (Kirby 1907)/Runo 40


text:
Page:Characteristicks of men, manners, opinions, times Vol 2.djvu/52

RV 48 (Rh) strictly true, must of course be taught a greater Love of amorous and wanton Acts. If there be a Religion which teaches the Adoration and Love of a, whose Character it is to be captious, and of high resentment, subject to Wrath and Anger, furious, revengeful; and revenging himself, when offended, on others than those who gave the Offence: and if there be added to the Character of this , a fraudulent Disposition, encouraging Deceit and Treachery amongst Men; favourable to a few, tho for slight causes, and cruel to the rest: 'tis evident that such a Religion as this being strongly enforc'd, must of necessity raise even an Approbation and Respect towards the Vices of this kind, and breed a sutable Disposition, a capricious, partial, revengeful, and deceitful Temper. For even Irregularitys and Enormitys of a heinous kind must in many cases appear illustrious to one, who considers them in a Being admir'd and contemplated with the highest Honour and Veneration.

indeed must be allow'd; that if in the Cult or Worship of such a Deity there be nothing beyond common Form, nothing beside what proceeds from mere Example, Custom, Constraint, or Fear; if there be, at the bottom, no real Heartiness, no Esteem or Love imply'd; the Worshipper perhaps may not be


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Page:Characteristicks of men, manners, opinions, times Vol 2.djvu/53

RV 49 (Rh) much misled as to his Notion of Right and Wrong. If in following the Precepts of his suppos'd, or doing what he esteems necessary towards the satisfying of such his , he is compel'd only by Fear, and, contrary to his Inclination, performs an Act which he secretly detests as barbarous and unnatural; then has he an Apprehension or Sense still of Right and Wrong, and, according to what has been already observ'd, is sensible of Ill in the Character of his ; however cautious he may be of pronouncing any thing on this Subject, or so thinking of it, as to frame any formal or direct Opinion in the case. But if by insensible degrees, as he proceeds in his religious Faith and devout Exercise, he comes to be more and more reconcil'd to the Malignity, Arbitrariness, Partiality, or Revengefulness of his believ'd ; his Reconciliation with these Qualities themselves will soon grow in proportion; and the most cruel, unjust, and barbarous Acts, will, by the power of this Example, be often consider'd by him, not only as just and lawful, but as divine, and worthy of imitation.

whoever thinks there is a, and pretends formally to believe that he is just and good, must suppose that there is independently such a thing as Justice and Injustice, Truth Rh


text:
Page:The four Gospels - translated from the Latin Vulgate, and diligently compared with the original Greek text, being a revision of the Rhemish translation (IA TheFourGospelsTranslated).pdf/44

36 THE FOUR GOSPELS. 17. So all the descents are from Abraham to David fourteen descents: and from David to the migration to Babylon fourteen descents: and from the migration to Babylon to Christ fourteen descents.

18. Now the generation of the Christ was in this wise: His mother Mary being espoused to Joseph, before they came together, she proved to be with child of the Holy Ghost.

19. And Joseph, her husband, being just, and not willing to expose her, had a mind to put her away privately.

20. But while he thought on these things, behold an angel of the Lord appeared to him in his sleep, saying: Joseph, son of David, fear not to take unto thee Mary, thy

ferable to “ generation.” The meaning here js undoubted.
 * Por this translation Iam indebted to ‘‘a Catholic.” It seems pre-

stem, may be included.
 * @uly thirteen are enumerated; but the descent of Abraham, the

Calmet suggests, and our Redeemer considered as the stem of a new race.
 * Only twelve are given. The missing descent may be supplied az

 * The conception and birth. * The definite article is in the text.

some time before marriage.
 * Luke i. 27. It waa usual among the Hebrews to make espouealr

7 Before any sexual intercourse,

 * Trobubly after her visat 19 Elisabeth..

declared. The Divine Spirit, who is God, with the Father and the Son, is its author, By a mysterious and ineffable operation the Virgin con- ecived in the flesh Him, who is the Son of the Eternal God.
 * The supernatural character of the conception is, at once, positively

in every respect.
 * St, Chrysostom well remarks, that just is here equivalent to virtuous

version of the Vulgate, which is expressed above,
 * P, Tomake her a public example.” Campbell defends the milder

'* St. Chrysostom supposes that the Virgin was living under the roof of her spouse; but the text may be understood of the private dissolution of the engagement. Campbell renders it, “to divorce ;” which would imply her exposyre, to which Joseph was averse. The term is else- where, ch. v. 31,32, rendered by him “to dismiss,” which ia here ap- propriste. .

Joseph, it must signify to treat her aa a faithful spouse, to retain ber in
 * If, with St. Chrysostom, we consider her as already abiding with


text:
Page:Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980.pdf/131

Rh

Estate Agents Act 1979 (c. 38) 185. In section 33(1) of the Estate Agents Act 1979, in the definition of “the statutory maximum”, for “section 28 of the Criminal Law Act 1977” substitute “section 32 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980” and for “the provisions of the Criminal Law Act 1977" substitute “the provisions of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”. Merchant Shipping Act 1979 (c. 39) 186. In section 42(4) of the Merchant Shipping Act 1979 for “Section 18 of the Criminal Law Act 1977” substitute “Section 127(2) to (4) of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”.

187. In section 43(5) of the Merchant Shipping Act 1979 for “subsection (1) of section 61 of the Criminal Law Act 1977” substitute “subsection (1) of section 143 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980” and for “section 28 of that Act” substitute “section 32 of that Act”. Weights and Measures Act 1979 (c. 45) 188. In section 12(3) of the Weights and Measures Act 1979 for “section 28 of the Criminal Law Act 1977” substitute “section 32 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”.

189. In paragraph 8 of Schedule 6 to the Weights and Measures Act 1979 for “the Criminal Law Act 1977” substitute “the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”. Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979 (c. 46) 190. In section 61(1) of the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979, in the definition of “the statutory maximum”, for “section 28 of the Criminal Law Act 1977 (that is to say, £1,000 or another sum fixed by order under section 61 of that Act” substitute “section 32 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980 (that is to say, £1,000 or another sum fixed by order under section 143 of that Act”. Justices of the Peace Act 1979 (c. 55) 191. In section 16 of the Justices of the Peace Act 1979—
 * (a) in subsection (1) for “the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1952” substitute “the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”;
 * (b) in subsection (5) for “section 56 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1952” substitute “section 65 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”.

192. In section 18(4) of the Justices of the Peace Act 1979 for “section 15 of the Justices of the Peace Act 1949” substitute “section 144 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”.

193. In section 27(8) of the Justices of the Peace Act 1979 for “section 15 of the Justices of the Peace Act 1949” substitute “section 144 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”.


text:
Page:Kalevala (Kirby 1907) v2.djvu/173

Runo XLI]

, old and steadfast,

He the great primeval minstrel,

Presently stretched out his fingers,

Washed his thumbs, the harp for playing,

On the stone of joy he sat him,

On the singer’s stone he sat him,

On a hill all silver-shining,

From a golden heath arising.

Then the harp he grasped with fingers,

And upon his knee he propped it,

And his hands he placed beneath it,

Then he spoke the words which follow:

“Come ye now to listen to me,

Ye before who never heard me,

Hear with joy my songs primeval,

While the kantele is sounding.”

Then the aged Väinämöinen,

Quick commenced his skilful playing

On the instrument of pikebone,

On the kantele of fishbone,

And he raised his fingers nimbly,

And his thumb he lifted lightly.

Now came pleasure after pleasure,

As the sweet notes followed others,

As he sat and played the music,

As he sang his songs melodious,

As he played upon the pike-teeth,

And he lifted up the fish-tail,

Rh

title: Page:Kalevala (Kirby 1907) v2.djvu/173


text:
Page:Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980.pdf/132

124c. 43

194. In section 28(1) of the Justices of the Peace Act 1979 for “section 15 of the Justices of the Peace Act 1949” substitute “section 144 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”.

195. In section 29(3) of the Justices of the Peace Act 1979 for “section 52 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1952” substitute “section 59 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980” and for “section 53A of that Act” substitute “section 62 of that Act”.

196. In section 30(2) of the Justices of the Peace Act 1979 for “section 15 of the Justices of the Peace Act 1949” substitute “section 144 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”.

197. In section 61(1) of the Justices of the Peace Act 1979 for “paragraphs (a) and (b) of section 114(1) of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1952” substitute “paragraphs (a) and (b) of section 139 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”. Isle of Man Act 1979 (c. 58) 198. In section 5 of the Isle of Man Act 1979—
 * (a) in subsection (2)(a) for “section 77 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1952” substitute “section 97 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”;
 * (b) in subsection (3)(a) for “sections 2 and 9 of the Criminal Justice Act 1967” substitute “section 9 of the Criminal Justice Act 1967 and section 102 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980” and for “section 2” substitute “section 102”.

Child Care Act 1980 (c. 5) 199. In section 48(1) of the Child Care Act 1980 for “section 53 of the Magistrates' Courts Act 1952” substitute “section 60 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”.

200. In section 49(4)(a) of the Child Care Act 1980 for “section 53 of the Magistrates' Courts Act 1952” substitute “section 60 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”. Foster Children Act 1980 (c. 6) 201. In section 16(4) of the Foster Children Act 1980 for “section 104 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1952” substitute “section 127(1) of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”. Residential Homes Act 1980 (c. 7) 202. In section 4(2) of the Residential Homes Act 1980 for “the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1952” substitute “the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”. Reserve Forces Act 1980 (c. 9) 203. In section 144(2)(a) of the Reserve Forces Act 1980 for “section 28 of the Criminal Law Act 1977” substitute “section 32 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”.


text:
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Rh

204. In paragraph 2(4) of Schedule 5 to the Reserve Forces Act 1980 for “the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1952” substitute “the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”. Protection of Trading Interests Act 1980 (c. 11) 205. In section 3(5) of the Protection of Trading Interests Act 1980 for “section 28 of the Criminal Law Act 1977” substitute “section 32 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980” and for “the said Act of 1977” substitute “the said Act of 1980”. Competition Act 1980 (c. 21) 206. In section 19(7) of the Competition Act 1980 for “section 28 of the Criminal Law Act 1977” substitute “section 32 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980” and for “the provisions of the Criminal Law Act 1977” substitute “the provisions of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”. Companies Act 1980 (c. 22) 207. In section 87(1) of the Companies Act 1980, in the definition of “the statutory maximum”, for “section 28 of the Criminal Law Act 1977” substitute “section 32 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980” and for “section 61 of that Act” substitute “section 143 of that Act.”.   SCHEDULE 7 Interpretation 1. In this Schedule references to the old enactments are to enactments repealed or amended by this Act and references to the appointed day are to the day on which this Act comes into force. Proceedings commenced before appointed day 2.—(1) Where proceedings were commenced before the appointed day, the old enactments relating to the proceedings continue to apply and nothing in this Act affects those enactments.

(2) Without prejudice to the generality of sub-paragraph (1) above, the old enactments relating to proceedings which continue in force by virtue of it include any provision of those enactments which creates an offence, which relates to civil or criminal procedure, which relates to the punishment for an offence, or which relates to enforcing, appealing against, questioning, varying or rescinding anything ordered or done in the proceedings. Offences committed before appointed day 3.—(1) This paragraph applies where proceedings are commenced under this Act in relation to an offence committed before the appointed day.

(2) Nothing in this Act renders a person liable to punishment by way of fine or imprisonment for the offence which differs from the punishment to which he would have been liable if this Act had not been passed and proceedings for the offence had been commenced under the old enactments.


text: Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980/Schedule 7

title: Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980/Schedule 7


text:
Page:Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980.pdf/134

126c. 43

(3) Nothing in this Act renders a person liable to pay compensation under a compensation order in respect of the offence which differs from the compensation he would have been liable to pay if this Act had not been passed and proceedings for the offence had been commenced under the old enactments.

(4) The provisions of this Act corresponding to the old enactments relating to punishment and compensation are to be construed accordingly. Other matters: general 4. Paragraphs 5 and 6 below have effect subject to paragraphs 2 and 3 above.

5. Without prejudice to any express amendment made by this Act, a reference in an enactment or other document, whether express or implied, to an enactment repealed by this Act shall, unless the context otherwise requires, be construed as, or as including, a reference to this Act or to the corresponding provision of this Act.

6. Where a period of time specified in an enactment repealed by this Act is current at the commencement of this Act, this Act shall have effect as if the corresponding provision of it had been in force when that period began to run. Saving for transitionals in orders 7.—(1) This paragraph applies where any provision of an old enactment—
 * (a) was brought into force by order which made transitional provision in connection with the provision brought into force, or
 * (b) fell to be brought into force by order which could have made transitional provision in connection with the provision brought into force, if this Act had not been passed.

(2) In that case, an order under section 155(7) of this Act may make corresponding transitional provision in connection with any provision of this Act corresponding to that of the old enactment. Savings of amendments 8. Notwithstanding the repeal by this Act of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1952, the amendments made in other enactments ("the amended enactments") by that Act shall, to the extent that they had effect immediately before the coming into force of this Act, continue to have effect subject to any amendment of any of the amended enactments by this Act. Savings for Local Government Act 1972 9. The provisions of this Act shall have effect without prejudice to the exercise of any power conferred by section 67 of the Local Government Act 1972 (consequential and transitional arrangements relating to Part IV), section 252 of that Act (general power to adapt Acts and instruments) or section 254 of that Act (consequential


text: Page:Passing (1929).pdf/14

title: Page:Passing (1929).pdf/14


text:
Page:Kalevala (Kirby 1907) v2.djvu/174

162

And the horsehair sounded sweetly,

And the horsehair sounded clearly.

Played the aged Väinämöinen.

Nothing was there in the forest,

Which upon four feet was running,

Or upon their legs were hopping,

And which came not near to listen,

Came not to rejoice and wonder.

Gathered round him all the squirrels,

As from branch to branch they clambered,

And the ermines flocked around him,

Laid them down against the fences,

On the plains the deer were springing,

And the lynxes shared the pleasure.

In the swamp each wolf awakened,

From the heath the bear aroused him,

From his lair among the fir-trees,

And the thickly growing pine-trees,

And the wolves ran lengthy journeys,

And the bears came through the heather,

Till they sat upon the fences,

Side by side against the gateway.

On the rocks the fence fell over,

On the field the gate fell over,

Then they climbed upon the pine-trees,

And they ran around the fir-trees,

Just to listen to the music,

All rejoicing, and in wonder.

Sage of Tapiola illustrious,

He of Metsola the Master,

And the whole of Tapio’s people,

All the boys and all the maidens,

Climbed upon a mountain summit,

That they might enjoy the music,

While the Mistress of the Forest,

Keen-eyed matron of Tapiola,

(Fine her stockings, blue in colour,

Firmly tied with crimson ribands,)

Climbed into a crooked birch-tree,

Rested in a curving alder,

title: Page:Kalevala (Kirby 1907) v2.djvu/174


text:
Page:Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980.pdf/135

Rh

and supplementary provision); and any such power which, if this Act had not been passed, would have been exercisable in relation to an enactment repealed by this Act shall be exercisable in the like manner and to the like extent in relation to the corresponding provision (if any) of this Act. Scottish saving 10.-(1) This paragraph applies to Schedule 7B to the Criminal Procedure (Scotland) Act 1975, which was inserted by paragraph 12 of Schedule 11 to the Criminal Law Act 1977 and takes the same form as Schedule 5 to that Act (subject to certain modifications specified in that paragraph).

(2) Schedule 7B is not affected by—
 * (a) the repeal by Schedule 9 to this Act of paragraph 1(2)(a) and (b) of Schedule 5;
 * (b) the amendments made to paragraph 1 of Schedule 5 by Schedule 7 to this Act.


text: Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980/Schedule 8

title: Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980/Schedule 8


text:
Author:Georg Henning Behrens

Works

 * Hercynia Curiosa ('Curious Hercynia') (1703)

title: Author:Georg Henning Behrens


text:
Page:Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980.pdf/136

128c. 43 SCHEDULE 9


text:
Page:The four Gospels - translated from the Latin Vulgate, and diligently compared with the original Greek text, being a revision of the Rhemish translation (IA TheFourGospelsTranslated).pdf/45

ST. MATTHEW. 37 wife, for that which is conceived in her, is of the Holy Ghost.

21. And she will bring forth a Son: and thou shalt call His name for He will save His people from their sins.

22. Now all this was done that what the Lord spoke by the prophet might be fulfilled, when He saith:

his dwelling. It cannot mean to use marriage rights, since it is posi- tively stated that these were not enjoyed up to the time of the birth of our Lord. It was wisely ordained that Joseph, after his anxious misgiv- ings, should be informed by an angel of the miraculous conception, that his testimony might preclude all doubt or suspicion. St. Bernard says, “I more easily believe the husband who watched over the continency of the mother, and put it to the test, than I should believe the Virgin, defending herself by an appeal to her own conscience." Hom. in Missus est. ¹ The prerogative of a father to name the child, is granted to Joseph, as St. Chrysostom remarks; but he is divinely instructed what name be should give Him. Luc. i. 31; Acts iv. 12. of prophecy. The event did not take place in order to fulfil the predic- tion; but the prediction, which implied the divine foreknowledge of the fact, was thus accomplished. Modern interpreters, especially of the Rationalistic school, regard this phrase as merely indicating the coinci- dence of the event with the language of the ancient writer; but this can- not be affirmed universally, without undermining the authority of pro- phecy, as alleged by the inspired writers of the New Testament, in support of Christianity. The proof, however, does not rest on the mere turn of phrase, but on the manifest intention of the sacred writer an gathered from the context. the siege of Jerusalem, by the joint forces of the kings of Syria and Israel. Isaiah being sent to Achaz, king of Judah, to assure him that the besieging armies should not prevail, directed the prince to ask from God a sign to that effect; but Achaz professed an unwillingness to tempt God, by demanding extraordinary manifestations. Then the prophet rebuking him, said that God himself would give a sign in the birth of Emmanuel from a virgin, adding : “ He will eat butter and honey, that he may know how to refuse the evil and to choose the good. For before the child know to refuse the evil, and to choose the good, the land which thou abhorrest shall be forsaken of the face of her two kings." These passages lead Calmet and others to consider the proximate deliverance of Digitized by Google
 * The corresponding Hebrew term signifies salvation, or Saviour.
 * St. Matthew, writing for Jews, is careful to show the fulfilment
 * Isai. vii. 14. The prediction here cited was uttered on occasion of


text:
Page:Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980.pdf/137

Rh


text:
Page:Characteristicks of men, manners, opinions, times Vol 1.djvu/15

 Ridentem dicere Verum Quid vetat?Hor. Sat. 1.


text:
Page:Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980.pdf/138

130c. 43


text:
Page:Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980.pdf/139

Rh


text: Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980/Schedule 9

title: Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980/Schedule 9


text:
Page:The four Gospels - translated from the Latin Vulgate, and diligently compared with the original Greek text, being a revision of the Rhemish translation (IA TheFourGospelsTranslated).pdf/46

38 THE FOUR GOSPELS. 23. Behold a virgin will be with child and will bring forth a son, and they will call his name, which is interpreted God with us.

24. And Joseph rising from his sleep, did as the angel of the Lord commanded him, and took unto him his wife.

Jerusalem from the combined forces of the besieging kings, and their utter discomfiture as the subject of the prophecy; and the birth of a son of Isaiah from his wife as the token of this deliverance, which was to be accomplished before the child should attain to the power of discerning between good and evil. If it be admitted that such was the direct and immediate subject of the prophecy, the language, nevertheless, is mani- festly such as points to a far more elevated object-the son of a virgin- Emmanuel. It is not unusual with the prophets to point at the same time to two events, one of which is the type of the other. It is only in Christ that the words of Isaiah are fully verified in their obvious sense. They may still have reference to the proximate deliverance of Jerusalem, inasmuch as the royal power should remain in the house of David up to the time of the birth of Emmanuel; consequently it could not become extinct by the combined efforts of the two kings. sometimes elsewhere, pleonastic. the retirement of her father's house, and is unknown to man. It is only by catechresis that it could be applied to a young female after sexual intercourse. The same may be said of the corresponding Greek and Latin terma. and This is a Hebrew term, composed of a preposition, pronoun, noun. He shall be called" is a well-known Hebraism for "He shall be." in the Greek language. Those who believe him to have written in Hebrew must hold this to have been added by the interpreter. He protected them, and put their enemies to flight; but the presence among men of God incarnate from a virgin, was foreshadowed by that manifestation of His favor. The term is literally fulfilled in Christ. carding her. T Suc she was truly by the solemn engagement by which she and Joseph mutually bound themselves. Marriage consists in the transfer made by man and woman reciprocally, of control over their bodies, and consequently subsists before its consummation. It is in the power of the parties, by mutual consent, to abstain from the use of the rights which they acquire. This agreement may precede or follow the matrimoniųl Digitized by Google 1
 * The definite article is in the text, but it is considered to be here, as
 * The Hebrew term strictly means a virgin, one who is concealed in
 * The interpretation, if given by the sacred writer, shows that he wrote
 * In an imperfect sense God might be said to be with His people when
 * Joseph took Mary under his protection, laying aside all idea of dis-


text:
Page:Journal of the Optical Society of America, volume 30, number 12.pdf/2

Officers of the Society

Directors-at-Large

Rochester, New York, Section of the Optical Society of America

, President, Vice President , Secretary , Treasurer

Councillors: (ex officio)

Corporation Members of the Optical Society of America

was organized in 1916 “to increase and diffuse the knowledge of optics in all its branches, pure and applied, to promote the mutual interests of investigators of optical problems, of designers, manufacturers and users of optical instruments and apparatus of all kinds and to encourage cooperation among them.” It aims to serve the interests of all who are engaged in any branch of optics from fundamental research to the manufacture of optical goods.

Regular Members: “Any person who has contributed materially to the advancement of optics is eligible for regular membership.”

Associate Members: “Any person who is interested in optics is eligible for associate membership.”

Corporate Members: “Any corporation desirous of encouraging the work of the Society is eligible for corporation membership ”

The Society cordially invites to membership all who are interested in any branch of optics, either in research, in instruction, in optical or illuminating engineering, in the manufacture and distribution of optical goods of all kinds or in physiological and medical optics.

Regular members, $7.50; Associate members, $5.00; Corporate members, $50.00. These dues include subscription to the Society’s official journal, the Journal of the Optical Society of America.

The Society holds two meetings per year: An annual meeting in the autumn and a midwinter meeting, usually with the American Physical Society.

All changes of address of members of the Optical Society of America should be communicated to the Secretary, Professor Arthur C. Hardy, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts.


text:
Page:The four Gospels - translated from the Latin Vulgate, and diligently compared with the original Greek text, being a revision of the Rhemish translation (IA TheFourGospelsTranslated).pdf/47

ST. MATTHEW. 39 25. And he knew her not till she brought forth her first-born son, and he called His name.

CHAPTER II.

The coming of the Magi to Christ: the massacre of the innocents by Herod: the flight to Egypt, and the return thence.

1. When therefore Jesus was born in Bethlehem of Juda,

contract. "We must not," says St. Augustine, "suppose that Joseph was not the husband of Mary, because preserving her virginal integrity, and without intercourse with him, she brought forth Christ. By this example it is strongly intimated to such of the faithful as are in the marriage state, that marriage can subsist, and be styled such, even when continence is observed by mutual consent.” L. II. de consensu Evang. c. I. This is a scriptural form of speech, as Campbell acknowledges, which does not necessarily imply that Joseph knew her afterwards. Thus we read, in Psalm cix., "The Lord said to my Lord, Sit Thou on my right hand until I make Thy enemies the footstool of Thy feet." "Will He not sit afterwards!" asks St. Ambrose. ** As in pleading, a lawyer is content with urging what suffices for proving the case in hand, and cares not to press extraneous matter, so the evangeliat, having undertaken to establish the mystery of the Incarnation in its integrity, did not think proper to pursue more fully what regarded the virginity of Mary, lest he should appear rather as the advocate of the virgin than the herald of the mystery. Since, however, he stated that Joseph was a just man, he gave us sufficiently to understand, that he would not dare violate the temple of the Holy Ghost, the womb in which the mystery was ac- complished the mother of the Lord." In Luc. 1. ii. n. 8. A like remark is made by St Chrysostom in loc. ¹ This does not suppose that others were born afterwards. The law prescribed offerings to be made for first-born males forty days after their birth, when it could not be known whether other children would be born to the same parents. Scott says, " Observe, Christ was the First-Born, and so He might be called, although His mother had not any children after Him, according to Scripture language." Pract. Obser. birth before the arrival of the Magi: probably nearly forty days, since the presentation in the temple must have taken place soon afterwands. Digned by Google Digitized
 * Luke ii. 7. We know not what length of time elapsed after His


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Hercynia Curiosa

 * "Der verzauberte Kaiser" ('The Enchanted Emperor'), extract included in Büsching's Volks-Sagen, Märchen und Legenden (1812)
 * "Der Schäfer und der Kaiser" ('The Shepherd and the Emperor'), extract included in Büsching's Volks-Sagen, Märchen und Legenden (1812)

title: Hercynia Curiosa


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40 THE FOUR GOSPELS. in the days of king Herod, behold there came Magi from the east to Jerusalem.

2. Saying: Where is He that is born king of the Jews? for we have seen His star in the east, and we are come to adore Him.

3. And king Herod hearing this, was troubled, and all Jerusalem with him.

4. And assembling together all the chief priests, and

¹The birth of our Lord took place towards the close of the reign of Herod, surnamed the Great, an Idumean by birth, who obtained the sov- ereignty of Judea from the Romans. The vulgar Christian era dates from the year of Rome 754, and Herod died in November of 750, or certainly before the passover of 752, so that the calculation is erroneous. The birth of Christ took place four years previously, one or two years before the death of Herod. superstition. I have retained the original term, as specially designating that class of men. The evangelist did not deem it necessary to specify the place, as the pub- lic fact of their arrival was sufficient for his purpose. and are called such in scripture. This star is called His, because accord- ing to ancient tradition it was to appear at His birth. We cannot say whether this popular belief took its origin from the prophecy of Balaam: "A star shall arise out of Jacob, and a sceptre shall spring up from Israel." Numb. xxiv. 17. It may have been connected with the gene- ral persuasion then prevailing, that about that time there would arise in Judea, one who would rule over the world. Tacitus and Suetonius, al- though pagans, testify to the existence of this belief. This may mean to give Him homage as to a prince, or as a Divine Being. If we take into account the secret illustration of the Holy Spirit, we need not hesitate to believe that they were divinely onlightened to acknowledge and adore Him as the Saviour and Lord of men. Why should they be eager to pay their court to an infant prince of a strange country! Would Herod-himself a king-profess the intention of going to pay civil homage to an infant prince? himself and his family. The people were excited at the extraordinary announcement: their feelings were, however, different from those of Herod. of the high priesthood, which was no longer enjoyed for life, and the heads of sacerdotal courses were called to council. Digitized by Google 1
 * In Peraia the Magi professed the science of the stars, and practised
 * Probably from Arabia Deserta, which lay in a southeastern direction.
 * Meteors, that is, luminous vapors in the atmosphere, appear like stars,
 * With jealous apprehension lest the sceptre should be wrested from
 * Besides the actual high priest, those who had exercised the function


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ST. MATTHEW. 41 the scribes of the people, he inquired of them, where the Christ should be born.

5. And they said to him: In Bethlehem of Juda: for so it is written by the prophet:

6. “And thou Bethlehem, land of Juda, art not the least among the princes of Juda: for out of thee shall come forth the leader, who shall rule My people Israel.”

7. Then Herod privately calling the Magi, ascertained from them the time when the star appeared to them.

8. And sending them to Bethlehem, he said: Go, and diligently inquire after the child, and when you have found Him, bring back word to me, that I also may go and adore Him.

9. Having heard the king, they went their way: and behold the star, which they had seen in the east, went before them, until it came and stood over the place where the child was.

10. And seeing the star, they rejoiced with very great joy.

11. And, entering into the house, they found the child with Mary His mother, and, falling down, they adored

Literary men of the laity, who studied the sacred writings. According to the prophets. distinguish it from another town of the same name, in the tribe of Zabu- lon: Josue xix. 15. Mich. v. 2; John vii. 42. The stered writers often quote the old Testament freely, giving the sense, without adhering strictly to the words. There is no negation in the prophet; but the sense is the same, since Bethlehem was in itself of no consideration; but when honored by the presence of our Lord, it became greater in dignity than the larger cities. captains of a thousand men. See Exod. xviii. 25; 1 Par. xxiii. 4. 44 two words in the Vulgate. ↑ Rays of light descended towards the house. This is easily conceived in regard to an extraordinary phenomenon in the lower atmosphere, de- signed for a supernatural purpose. Digitized by Google
 * Ephrata, its ancient name, Gen, xxxv. 16, 19, is added in the text to
 * It is thousands" in the original. The princes here spoken of were
 * Cath. This term corresponds to the Greek, which is rendered by


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154* Christ's dominion leads to perfect goodness (: and they that follow him follow a king whose rule was ushered in with the words,

They who submit to the will of Jesus Christ and to his sweet truth will have peace on earth through him and no one else They shall be like sheep following his voice; they hear him and he will give them eternal life. And nobody will take them from his hands, for they hear and know his voice and live in his perfection, rejoicing that they are counted worthy to suffer dishonor for his name. Even the Scripture gives this interpretation when it says,

They, the sons of wisdom who trust in him will understand the truth, and, faithfully clinging to him in love, they will gladly do his will.

(:How different is the secular authority with its compulsion and force!:) Therefore a faithful Christian who is a servant of Christ and of his perfect rule cannot be a king with un-Christian authority and with rights contrary to the law of Christ lest he pollute the blessed ferment of the wine with stinking poison

Matt. 16:24.

Gen. 4:7.

Luke 2:14.

John 10: 3–4

Acts 5:41.

?

Wisdom of Solomon, 3:9.

Luke 2:14.

John 10: 3–4

Acts 5:41.

?

Wisdom of Solomon, 3:9.

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42 THE FOUR GOSPELS. Him, and opening their treasures, they offered Him gifts, gold, frankincense, and myrrh.

12. And having received an answer in sleep, that they should not return to Herod, they went back another way into their own country.

13. And after they were departed, behold an angel of the Lord appeared in sleep to Joseph, saying: Arise, and take the child and His mother, and flee into Egypt: and be there until I tell thee, for Herod is about to seek the child to destroy Him.

14. And he arose, and took the child and His mother by night, and he retired into Egypt: and he was there until the death of Herod.

15. That what the Lord spoke by the prophet might be fulfilled: “Out of Egypt have I called My Son.”

¹ St. Chrysostom believes that, under the illumination of the Holy Ghost, they gave Him divine honore. Pa. lxxi. 10. Gold was a tribute to royalty frankincense, as the meet emblem of prayer, was burnt on the altars to God: myrrh was used in embalming the bodies of the dead. The fathers teach that their gifts shadowed forth His divinity and sufferings, as also His royalty. See Irenaeus 1. iii. c. x. Origen. 1. i. contra Celsum. appear that they prayed for divine direction, not having doubted of the sincerity of Herod. brought to Jerusalem to be presented in the temple. In a dream. God manifeste His will as He pleases, and gives His servants full evidence of His manifestations. This took place probably as Joseph, after the presentation, was on his way to Nazareth. It was likely that inquiries might be made concerning the infant born at Bethle- hem, which might lead to his discovery elsewhere. 1 It was only a few days' journey to Alexandria, where the Jews were numerous, and where there was a synagogue. • Remain. him; and I called my son out of Egypt," ch. xi. 1. Its direct and lite- ral meaning is obviously the deliverance of the Israelites from the Egyp- tian captivity. The Jews were taught to consider the Messiah as fore- Digitized by Google
 * * Caskets." Campbell.
 * It may be rendered "and being divinely admonished." It does not
 * It is probable that immediately after their departure the child was
 * The text is from the prophet Osee: "Israel was a child, and I loved


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Fourthly no true Christian can become a ruler over a people who se true king is Christ. (:A true Christian can have no other sentiments but those of equality with others; any action which would spoil the brotherly relation is un-Christian:) He must keep a brotherly equality with all and everybody, love his neighbor as himself, and do nothing from selfishness or conceit, but in humility count others better than himself. How could he be a king if the gospel prescribes to "bear one another's burdens, and so fulfill the law of Christ?"

It is shown in the example of Solomon that the burden of rulership is difficult. When he died and his son was about to become king, the Jewish people came to him asking him to be kind and to lighten the heavy burden which his father had imposed upon them. And he, taking counsel with fools, and being a fool himself, answered the Matt. 22:39.

Phil.2:3.

Gal. 6:2.

Rehoboam. I-Kings 12.

155*

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156* people saying, "My little finger is thicker than my father's loins!" In other words, he would burden the people more than his father. Because of this foolish answer ten tribes left him. All this shows that even Solomon, with all his wisdom, burdened his people with great oppression.

Therefore a good Christian who is obliged to carry his neighbor's burdens cannot impose the pagan burden of authority on others. When, one day, the disciples of Christ disputed who was the greatest of them, Jesus said to them: "Do you know that the kings of the Gentiles exercise lordship over the people, seeking authority, honors and enrichment?" And they call it a good thing! Therefore Jesus forbids his disciples all lordship with its pride and cruelty and compulsion" Do you want to be like them? You do not know what you ask for. But not so with you; rather let the greatest among you become as the least."

Such pagan lordship does not befit the people of Jesus which ought to stand together in an equality of a  LI [sic]-Kings 12: "My little finger is thicker than my father's loins! And now, whereas my father loaded you with a heavy yoke, I will add to your yoke; my father chastised you with whips, but I will chastise you with scorpions!" (v.11, ).

Luke 22: 25–26,.

Luke 22: 26.

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ST. MATTHEW. 43 16. Then Herod perceiving that he was deceived by the Magi, was exceedingly wroth; and sending, he killed all the men-children that were in Bethlehem, and in all its borders, from two years and under, according to the time which he had ascertained from the Magi.

17. Then was fulfilled what was spoken by the prophet Jeremiah, when he saith:

18. “A voice in Rama was heard, lamentation and great mourning: Rachel bewailing her children, and she would not be comforted, because they are not.”

shadowed in the history of their ancestors; and so they were prepared for the application which the sacred writers make of the prophecies. As the evangelist was inspired by the Holy Ghost in his use of the ancient testimonies, as well as in all other respects, we cannot doubt that this secondary and allegorical meaning was originally designed by Him. Lit. Sported with, disappointed. writer of the fifth century, who relates that Augustus, on hearing that the son of. Herod himself was not spared in the general slaughter of the infants, observed that he had rather be Herod's pig than his son. Saturnal, l. ii, c. iv. There is no reason to believe that he borrowed the fact from Christian authors. Celeus, against whom Origen defended Christianity, puts the event forward as an admitted fact. Contra Celsum, 1. i. n. 58. St. Justin mentions it in his dialogue with Tryphon, the Jew. N. 78, 79. The silence of Josephus and Philo cannot outweigh positive testimony. ¹ The Greek term may be used of a child just entering on its second year. not limit himself to that space. In order not to fail in his object, he ex- tended his order much further. It cannot thence be inferred that much time had elapsed since the Magi first saw the star. St. Chrysostom thinks that it had appeared to them before the birth of our Lord, so as to leave them time for their journey. also be understood of any high place. Rachel, grandmother of Ephraim, is represented as mourning over her children, as they passed by her tomb into captivity. They exist no longer for her, because they are far away from the land of their fathers. The words are applied by the evangelist, under divine illustration, to the slaughtered innocents, over whom Rachel, whose tomb was in Bethle- bem, seemed to mourn. Digitized by Google
 * This credible act of cruelty is mentioned by Macrobius, a pagan
 * He kept in view the time at which they had seen the star, but he did
 * A city on the confines of Benjamin, not far from Bethlehem. It may
 * Jer. xxxi. 15. The prophet spoke of the captivity of the Israelites.


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157* fellowship of love, and whose ruler is King Jesus. This has been confirmed by that faithful Jew of the Old Testament, Gideon. He, after winning a great victory over his pagan enemies, was asked by the liberated Jews to become their king But he answered them saying, "I will not rule over you, nor shall my sons rule over you, since God the Lord rules over you." Behold the nobility of this honest man who realized that God alone should be their king. (:All this proves that the exercise of authority is not becoming a Christian.:)

Matt. 22:39.

Phil.2:3.

Gal. 6:2.

Rehoboam. I-Kings 12.

LI [sic]-Kings 12: "My little finger is thicker than my father's loins! And now, whereas my father loaded you with a heavy yoke, I will add to your yoke; my father chastised you with whips, but I will chastise you with scorpions!" (v.11, ).

Luke 22: 25–26,.

Luke 22: 26.

Judges 8: 22–23. .

Judges 8: 22–23. .

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44 THE FOUR GOSPELS. 19. But when Herod was dead, behold an angel of the Lord appeared in sleep to Joseph, in Egypt,

20. Saying: Arise, and take the child, and His mother, and go into the land of Israel: for they that sought the life of the child, are dead.

21. And he arising took the child, and his mother, and came into the land of Israel.

22. But hearing that Archelaus reigned in Judea, in the room of Herod his father, he was afraid to go thither: and being warned in sleep, he retired into the country of Galilee.

23. And coming he dwelt in a city called Nazareth; that what was said by the prophets might be fulfilled: since He shall be called a Nazarite.

The plural is often used for the singular in speaking of the will of one which is put in execution by many. of his father's kingdom, which he afterwards took from him, having ban- ished him to Gaul. thousand Jews were cut to pieces in the temple, on the Paschal festival, on suspicion of seditious machinations. Joseph Antiq. I. xvii. 11. Although Joseph was assured by the angel that the original cause of fear was removed, he did not feel himself justified in encountering this new danger. The angel, in directing his return, left him to provide for his safety as prudence might suggest. 4 Literally "parts." thinks that some book which contained it has been lost. St. Jerom remarks, that Christ is called by Isaiah a flower, in Hebrew Nazir, of the root of Jesse. Several of the moderns explain it as an expression of contempt, Nazareth being a poor village. All the prophecies which mark the humiliations of Christ concur to designate him a Nazarite— that is, mean and abject. Digitized by Google
 * He was ethnarch, not king, Augustus having given him only half
 * This prince rivalled the cruelty of his father. By his orders several
 * A prophecy in these terms is nowhere found. St. Chrysostom


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The fifth objection against a good Christian's participation in government is this: He cannot be king even over evil men that is, the Christians who have strayed from  the path of perfection. No matter how good the intention of a Christian ruler would be, (:the result would always be bad and the man himself would get involved in the snares of evil.:) A good king must abide by a law which he orders  his people to obey. There exists no king who could rule without having some law A good Christian who would intend to be a king over an evil people for the purpose of their improvement, could have no better law for this end than the divine law. (:In other words, this divine law would make human laws as well as his rule superfluous:)

And what if he who purports to be a king for (the purpose of) betterment of evil people takes the Old Teatament for his (law)? And it is a good law since God Himself gave it to His chosen people. The Jewish kings led people to do good even by coërcion. They were even allowed to war in accordance with this law But a Christian cannot obey this law because Christ is the end 158*

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About All of the Oz Books Cat with pink brains are pretty busy in this book

In "Tik-Tok of Oz" Queen Ann of Oogaboo, with an army of sixteen officers and one private soldier, sets out to conquer the world. Betsy Bobbin and Hank the Mule are shipwrecked and take refuge in the Rose Kingdom. The Shaggy Man sets out to find his long-lost brother, held captive by the NomeGnome [sic] King. Tik-Tok decides to help him. After many exciting experiences the adventurers return safely to the Emerald City. Of course the Scarecrow is one of the jolliest of all the delightful Oz people and so the next book Mr. Baum wrote was called "The Scarecrow of Oz" and in it are related many new adventures of that remarkable fellow. "Rinkitink in Oz" begins in a strange land, far from the dominions of the lovely girl queen of the Emerald City. Dorothy and the funny little Wizard of Oz come into the story and the happy ending comes in true Oz fashion.

"The Lost Princess of Oz" is one of the most surprising of the Oz stories. There are strange adventures in the Winkie country, Button Bright loses himself and the Big Lavender Bear and the Little Pink Bear figure entertainingly. All of the children were overjoyed when "The Tin Woodman of Oz" was put to the forefront in the next book, which bears his name.

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Runo XLI]

To the kantele to listen,

That she might enjoy the music.

And the birds of air assembled,

Those upon two wings that raise them,

Backwards sailing, forwards sailing,

And with all their speed came flying,

Swift to listen to the music,

All in wonder and rejoicing.

When the eagle in his eyry,

Heard the sweet tones sound from Suomi,

In the nest she left her fledgelings,

And she hovered round to listen

To the gallant hero’s playing,

And to Väinämöinen’s singing.

High in air there soared the eagle,

Through the clouds the hawk was sailing,

Came the ducks from deepest waters,

Came the swans from snow-wreathed marshes,

And the smallest of the finches,

All the twittering birds assembled,

Singing-birds flocked round by hundreds,

And in thousands they assembled

In the air, and heard delighted,

And alighted on his shoulders,

All rejoicing in the patriarch,

And in Väinämöinen’s playing.

E’en the Daughters of Creation,

Of the air the charming maidens,

Gathered to rejoice and wonder,

To the kantele to listen.

Some on arch of air were seated,

Seated on the dazzling rainbow,

Some on little clouds were seated,

Resting on their crimson borders.

Then were Kuutar, slender damsel;

Päivätär, that maid accomplished;

Casting with their hands the shuttle,

Drawing threads that they were weaving,

As they wove a golden fabric,

And they wove the threads of silver,

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159* of the Jewish law for the justification of the believers. (In this way we must understand) Saint Paul when he says,

Being circumcised, that is, being bound by obedience to the Law, they could war, murder, steal and otherwise shed blood, all in accordance with the Law; but obeying this Law leads not to salvation in Christ. Thus, a true Christian desiring to be a king could not abide by the old Jewish Law in order to improve evil men. If he really desires to make his pe iple better, he can do this according to the law of Christ which means to love God and all neighbors

But here comes the difficulty: an evil man can hardly be forced by compulsion to love God; for, indeed, the loving of God depends on free will and on the love of man's heart, a love which originates in the word of God

A good king could only by preaching the word of God an evil people to love God; for otherwise, by forcing them he will not succeed. But if a king has to better a people by preaching he is no more a king, he becomes a priest. As a king he could do naught but hang all evil men. For no  Gal. 5: 2,4.

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The meeting between the solicitors suggested to Viner and to Lord Ellingham, who looked on curiously while they exchanged formal greetings and explanations, a certain solemnity—each of them seemed to imply in look and manner that this was an unusually grave occasion. And Mr. Carless, assuming the direction of things, became almost judicial in his deportment.

"Well, gentlemen," he said, when they had all gathered about his desk. "Lord Ellingham has informed me of what passed between you and himself at his house yesterday. In plain language, the client whom you represent claims to be the Lord Marketstoke who disappeared so completely many years ago, and therefore the rightful Earl of Ellingham. Now, a first question—do you, as his legal advisers, believe in his claim?"

"Judging by the proofs with which he has furnished us, yes," answered Methley. "There seems to be no doubt of it."

"We'll ask for these proofs presently," remarked Mr. Carless. "But now a further question: Your client—whom we'll now call the claimant—had, I understand, no desire to take up his rightful posi-


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 tion, and suggests that the secret shall remain a secret, and that he shall be paid a hundred thousand pounds to hold his tongue?"

"If you put it that way—yes," replied Methley.

"I don't know in what other way it could be put," said Mr. Carless grimly. "It's the plain truth. But now, if Lord Ellingham refuses that offer, does your client intend to commence proceedings?"

"Our instructions are—yes," answered Methley.

"Very good," said Mr. Carless. "Now, then—what are these proofs?"

Methley turned to his partner, who immediately thrust a hand in his breastpocket and produced a long envelope.

"I have them here," said Woodlesford. "Our client intrusted them to us so that we might show them to Lord Ellingham, if necessary. There are not many documents—they all relate to the period of our client's life before he left England. There are one or two important letters from his father, the seventh Earl, two or three from his mother; there is also his mother's will. There is one letter from his younger brother, to whom he had evidently, more than once, announced his determination of leaving home for a considerable time. There are two letters from your own firm, relating to some property which Lord Marketstoke disposed of before he left London. There is a schedule or memorandum of certain personal effects which he left in his rooms at Ellingham Hall: there is also a receipt from his bankers for a quantity of plate and jewellery which he had deposited with them before leaving—these things had been left him by his mother. There are also two


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 documents which he seems to have considered it worth while to preserve all these years," concluded Woodlesford with a smile. "One is a letter informing him that he had been elected a member of the M.C.C.; the other is his commission as a justice of the peace for the county of Buckinghamshire."

As he detailed these things, Woodlesford laid each specified paper before Mr. Carless, and then they all gathered round, and examined each exhibit. The various documents were somewhat faded with age, and the edges of some were worn as if from long folding and keeping in a pocketbook. Mr. Carless hastily ran his eye over them.

"Very interesting, gentlemen," he remarked. "But you know, as well as I do, that these things don't prove your client to be the missing Lord Marketstoke. A judge and jury would want a lot more evidence than that. The mere fact that your man is in possession of all these documents proves nothing whatever. He may have stolen them!"

"From what we have seen of our client, Mr. Carless," observed Methley, with some stiffness of manner, "there is no need for such a suggestion."

"I dare say we shall all see a good deal of your client before this matter is settled, Mr. Methley," retorted Mr. Carless. "And even when I have seen a lot of him, I should still say the same—he may have stolen them! What else has he to prove that he's what he says he is?"

"He is fully conversant with his family history," said Woodlesford. "He can give a perfectly full and—so far as we can judge—accurate account of his early life and of his subsequent doings. He evi-


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 dently knows all about Ellingham Hall, Marketstoke and the surroundings. I think if you were to examine him on these points, you would find that his memory is surprisingly fresh."

"I have no doubt that it will come to his being examined on a great many points and in much detail," said Mr. Carless with a dry smile. "Of course, I shall be much interested in seeing him. You see, I remember the missing Lord Marketstoke very well indeed—he was often in here when I, as a lad of nineteen or twenty, was articled to my own father. And now, gentlemen, I'll ask you a question and commend it to your intelligence and common sense: if your client is this man he claims to be, why didn't he come straight to Carless and Driver, whom he would remember well enough, instead of going to Methley and Woodlesford? Come, now?"

Neither visitor answered this question, and Mr. Pawle suddenly turned on them with another.

"Did your client mention to you that he knew Carless and Driver as the family solicitors?" he asked.

"No, I can't say that he did," admitted Methley. "After all, thirty-five years' absence, you know—"

"You said just now that his memory was surprisingly fresh," interrupted Mr. Pawle.

"Surely," replied Woodlesford, "surely you can't expect a man who has been away from England all that time to remember everything!"

"I should have expected Lord Marketstoke to have gone straight to the family solicitors, anyway," retorted Mr. Pawle. "Obvious thing to do—if his story is a true one."


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 Woodlesford glanced at his partner, and repossessing himself of the documents, began to arrange them in the envelope from which he had drawn them.

"We cannot, of course, say positively who our client is or who he is not," he said. "All we can say is that he came to us with an introduction from an old client of ours whom we knew very well, and that his story seems to us to be quite credible. No doubt he can bring further proof. That he did not come here in the first instance—"

"I'll tell you why I, personally, am very much surprised that he didn't," interrupted Mr. Carless. "You told Lord Ellingham yesterday that your client saw no end of advertisements for him at the time of his father's death. Now, we, Carless and Driver, sent out those advertisements—our name was appended to every one of them, wherever they appeared. Why, then, when this man—if he is the real man—returned home, did he not come to us? For there are three persons in this office who—but wait!"

He touched a bell; the clerk who had announced Methley and Woodlesford put his head in at the door.

"Ask Mr. Portlethwaite to come here," commanded Mr. Carless. "And just find out if Mr. Driver is in his room. Portlethwaite can tell me when he comes."

An elderly, grey-haired man presently appeared and closed the door behind him as if aware of the sacred nature of the proceedings.

"Mr. Driver is out, Mr. Carless," he said. "You wanted me, I think?"

"Our senior clerk," observed Mr. Carless, by way of introduction. "Portlethwaite, you remember the


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 Lord Marketstoke who disappeared some thirty-five years ago?"

Mr. Portlethwaite smiled.

"Quite well, Mr. Carless!" he answered. "As if it were yesterday. He used to come here a good deal, you know."

"Do you think you'd know him again, Portlethwaite, after all these years?" asked Mr. Carless. "Thirty-five years, mind!"

The elderly clerk smiled—more assuredly than before. Then he looked significantly at a corner of the room, and Mr. Carless took the hint, and rising from his chair, went aside with him. Portlethwaite whispered something in his employer's ear, and Carless suddenly laughed and nodded.

"To be sure—to be sure—I remember now!" he said aloud. "Thank you, Portlethwaite: that's all. Well, gentlemen," he continued, returning to his desk when the clerk had gone. "I think the best thing you can do is to bring your client here—if he is the real and genuine article, he will, I am sure, be very glad indeed to meet three persons who knew him quite intimately in the old days—Mr. Driver, Mr. Portlethwaite and myself. And I really don't know that there's any more to do or say."

The two visitors rose, and Methley looked at Mr. Carless in a questioning fashion.

"Am I to go away with the impression that you believe our client to be an impostor?" he said quietly.

"Frankly I do!" answered Mr. Carless.

"So do I!" exclaimed Mr. Pawle. "Emphatically so!"


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 "In that case," said Methley, "I see no advantage in bringing him here."

"Not even anything to your own advantage?" suggested Mr. Carless, with a keen glance which passed from one partner to the other. "You, as reputable practitioners of our profession, don't want to be mixed up with an impostor?"

"We should be very sorry to be mixed up in any way with an impostor, Mr. Carless!" said Methley.

Mr. Carless pursed his lips for a moment as if he were never going to open them again; then he suddenly relaxed them.

"I tell you what it is, gentlemen!" he said. "I'm only anticipating matters in saying what I'm going to say, and I'm saying it because I feel sure you are quite sincere and genuine in this affair and are being deceived. If you will bring your client here, there are three of us in this office who, as my old clerk has just reminded me, can positively identify him on the instant if he is the man he claims to be. Positively, I say, and at once! There!"

"May one ask how?" said Woodlesford.

"No!" exclaimed Mr. Carless. "Bring him! Telephone an appointment—and we'll settle the matter as soon as he sets foot inside that door."

"May we tell him that?" asked Methley.

"You can do as you like," answered Mr. Carless. "Between ourselves, I shouldn't! But I assure you—we can tell in one glance! That's a fact!"

The two solicitors went away; and Viner, who had closely watched Methley during the interview, followed them out and hailed Methley in the corridor outside Mr. Carless' room.


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164

High upon the red cloud-borders,

On the borders of the rainbow.

But when they began to listen

To the notes of charming music,

From their hands they let the comb fall,

Cast from out their hands the shuttle,

And the golden bands were broken.

And the silver shaft was broken.

There remained no living creature,

None of those who dwell in water,

None who with six fins are moving,

Nor the largest shoals of fishes,

Which assembled not to listen,

Came not to rejoice and wonder.

Thither came the pikes all swimming,

And the water-dogs swam forward,

From the rocks swam swift the salmon,

From the deeps there came the powans,

Perch and little roach came also,

Powans white, and other fishes;

Through the reeds they pushed their bodies,

Straightway to the shore they hastened,

There to hear the songs of Väinö,

And to listen to his playing.

Ahto, king of all the billows,

Grass-beard ancient of the waters,

Mounted to the water’s surface,

Climbed upon a water-lily,

To the notes with joy he listened,

And he spoke the words which follow:

“Never have I heard such music,

In the course of all my lifetime,

As is played by Väinämöinen,

Joyous and primeval minstrel.”

And the sisters, Sotko’s daughters,

Cousins of the reeds on lakeshore,

At the time their hair were brushing,

And their locks were deftly combing,

With a comb composed of silver,

And with golden brush they brushed it.

title: Page:Kalevala (Kirby 1907) v2.djvu/176


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 "May I have a word with you?" he asked, drawing him aside. "I don't know if you remember, but I saw you the other night in the parlour of that old tavern in Notting Hill—you came in while I was there?"

"I had some idea that I remembered your face when we were introduced just now," said Methley. "Yes, I think I do remember—you were sitting in a corner near the hearth?"

"Just so," agreed Viner. "And I heard you ask the landlord a question about a gentleman whom you used to meet there sometimes—you left some specimen cigars with the landlord for him."

"Yes," assented Methley wonderingly.

"You never knew that man's name?" continued Viner. "Nor who he was? Just so—so I gathered. Then I'll tell you. There was a good reason why he had not been to that tavern for some nights. He was John Ashton, the man who was murdered in Lonsdale Passage!"

Viner was watching his man with all the keenness of which he was capable, and he saw that this announcement fell on Methley as an absolute surprise. He started as only a man can start who has astounding news given to him suddenly.

"God bless me!" he exclaimed. "You don't mean it! Of course, I know about that murder—our own district. And I saw Ashton's picture in the paper—but then there are so many elderly men of that type—broad features, trimmed grey beard! Dear me, dear me! A very pleasant, genial fellow. I'm astonished, Mr. Viner."

Viner resolved on a bold step—he would take it


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 without consulting Mr. Pawle or anybody. He drew Methley further aside.

"Mr. Methley," he said. "You're a man of honour, and I trust you with a secret, to be kept until I release you from the obligation of secrecy. I have reasons for getting at the truth about Ashton's murder—so has Mr. Pawle. He and I have been making investigations and inquiries, and we are convinced, we are positive, that these papers which your partner now has in his pocket were stolen from Ashton's dead body—that, in fact, Ashton was murdered for the possession of them. And I tell you, for your own sake—find out who this client of yours is! That he was the actual murderer I don't believe for a second—he is probably a mere cat's-paw. But—who's behind him? If you can do anything to find out the truth, do it!"

That Methley was astonished beyond belief was so evident that Viner was now absolutely convinced of his sincerity. He stood staring open-mouthed for a moment: then he glanced at Woodlesford, who was waiting at some distance along the corridor.

"Mr. Viner!" he said. "You amaze me! Listen: my partner is as sound and honest a fellow as there is in all London. Let me tell him this—I'll engage for his secrecy. If you'll consent to that, I'll see that, without a word from us as to why, this man who claims to be the missing Lord Marketstoke is brought here. If what you say is true, we are not going to be partners to a crime. Let me tell Woodlesford—I'll answer for him."

Viner considered this proposition for a moment.

"Very well!" he said at last. "Tell him—I shall


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 trust you both. Remember—it's between the three of us. I shan't say a word to Pawle, nor to Carless. You know there's a man's life at stake—Hyde's! Hyde is as innocent as I am—he's an old schoolfellow of mine."

"I understand," said Methley. "Very well, trust to me, Mr. Viner."

He went off with a reassuring nod, and Viner returned to Mr. Carless' room. The three men he had left there were deep in conversation, and as he entered, Mr. Carless smote his hand on the desk before him.

"This is certain!" he exclaimed. "We must have this Miss Avice Wickham here—at once!"


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160* king, not even the best one, could succeed in correcting an evil people except by the law of Christ. This law alone is capable of making sinful men better through their conscience. The king, having no power to force his people to obey this law, he also has no authority to force their consciences, In this whole chapter Chelc̄icky̍ comes very close to the Gelasian doctrine of the two powers but he goes much further beyond the latter's position on separation. Gelasius I ( A.D.492–496), Pope, St., wrote A.D.494 a letter to Emperor Anastasius in which he said, among other things: "Duo quippe sunt, Imperator Auguste, quibus principaliter mundus hic regitur: auctoritas sacra pontificum, et regalis potestas. In quibus tanto gravius est pondus sacerdotum, quanto etiam pro ipsis regibus Domino in divino reddituri sunt examine rationem. Nosti, etenim, fili clementissime, quod licet praesideas humano generi dignitate, rerum tamen praesulibus divinarum devotus colla submittis, atque ab eis causas tuae salutis expetis, inque sumendis caelestibus sacramentis, eisque disponendis, subdi te debere cognoscis religionis ordine potius quam praeesse. Nosti itaque haec, ex illorum te pende e judicio, non illos ad tuam velle redigi voluntatem" (J.P.Migne, Patrologiae Cursus Completus," vol.LIX:, Paris: Bibliotheca cleri universa, 1862, viii, p.42–47; also A. Thiel, , Braunsberg: 1868, p.349–354, translated in Hugo Rahner's , Einsiedeln: Benzinger, 1943, pp.215–219) The translation of the important part of the above quotation reads: "For there are two powers by which chiefly this world is ruled: the sacred authority of the priesthood and the power of the king. And of these the authority of the priests is so much mightier, as they must render before the tribunal of God an account even for the kings of men." This position is amplified in his decree (J. Migne,, p.107f, Thiel, , p.567f, Rahner, , p.220) from which we quote: 2em

title: Page:The Net of Faith.pdf/529


text:
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40

The large size, oblong, subparallel form, antennal and sternal characters are distinctive.

This species is not a perfectly typical Atheta, but to isolate it by subgeneric name would not be advisable at present.


text:
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Runo XLI]

When they heard the strains unwonted,

And they heard the skilful playing,

In the waves they dropped the brushes,

Dropped the comb among the lake-waves,

And their hair unsmoothed was hanging,

Nor they smoothed it in the middle.

E’en the Mistress of the Waters,

Water-Mother, towards the rushes,

From the lake herself ascended,

Raised herself from out the billows,

Quickly moved her to the rushes,

Climbed a rock in water standing,

And she listened to the music,

And to Väinämöinen playing,

Listened to the wondrous music,

And to the delightful playing,

And she fell in deepest slumber,

Sank upon the ground in slumber,

On the mottled rocky surface,

Underneath a great rock’s shelter.

Then the aged Väinämöinen,

Played one day, and played a second.

There was none among the heroes,

None among the men so mighty,

None among the men or women,

None of those whose hair is plaited,

Whom he did not move to weeping,

And whose hearts remained unmelted.

Wept the young and wept the aged,

All the married men were weeping,

Likewise all the married women,

And the half-grown boys were weeping,

All the boys, and all the maidens,

Likewise all the little children,

When they heard the tones so wondrous,

And the noble sage’s music.

He himself, old Väinämöinen,

Felt his own tears rolling downward,

From his eyes the tears dropped downward,

And the water-drops fell downward;

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166

They were tears than cranberries larger,

They were tears than peas much larger,

Then the eggs of grouse still rounder,

Larger than the heads of swallows.

From his eyes there fell the tear-drops,

Others followed after others,

Tears upon his cheeks were falling,

Down upon his cheeks so handsome,

Rolling from his cheeks so handsome,

Down upon his chin’s expansion.

Rolling from his chin’s expansion,

Down upon his panting bosom,

Rolling from his panting bosom,

Down upon his strong knee’s surface,

Rolling from his strong knee’s surface

Down upon his feet so handsome,

Rolling from his feet so handsome,

Down upon the ground beneath them,

And five woollen cloaks were soaking,

Likewise six of gilded girdles,

Seven blue dresses too were soaking,

And ten overcoats were soaking.

And the tear-drops still were falling,

From the eyes of Väinämöinen,

Till they reached the blue lake’s margin,

Overflowed the blue lake’s margin,

Down below the sparkling water,

To the black ooze at the bottom.

Then the aged Väinämöinen

Spoke aloud the words which follow:

“Is there in this youthful party,

’Mid the young and fair here gathered,

’Mid these high-descended people,

Any darling child of father,

Who the tears I shed can gather,

From beneath the sparkling water?”

And the young folks gave him answer,

And the old folks likewise answered:

“There are none among the youthful,

In this young and fair assemblage,

title: Page:Kalevala (Kirby 1907) v2.djvu/178


text:
Page:The Net of Faith.pdf/531

161* not to speak of the right to coërce their improvement through royal or civil laws; just as a fruit-tree cannot blossom in a winter season of cruel frosts, neither goodness can prosper through the laws of the Emperor

Therefore a Christian who takes account of his conscience must have no part in that office since his good intention cannot succeed with his exercise of its authority

"Quod si haec (sententia dominica) tentare formidant, nec ad suae pertinere cognoscunt modulum potestatis, cui tantum de humani rebus judicare permissum est, non etiam praeesse divinis, quomodo de his per quas divina ministrantur judicare praesumunt? Fuerint haec ante adventum Christi, ut quidem figuraliter, adhuc tamen in carnalibus actionibus constituti . Quod S. Melchisedech fuisse sacra prodit Historia (Gen.14:18). Quod in suis quoque diabolus imitatus est, utpote qui semper quae divino cultui convenirent sibimet tyrannico spiritu vindicare contendit, . Sed cum ad verum ventum est eumdem regem atque pontificem, ultra sibi nec imperator pontificis nomen imposuit, nec pontifex regale fastigium vindicavit. Quamvis enim membra ipsius, id est, veri regis atque pontificis, secundum participationem naturae magnifice utrumque in sacra generositate sumpsisse dicantur, ut simul regale genus et sacerdotale subsistant (1-Pet. 2:9); attamen Christus memor fragilitatis humanae, quod suorum saluti congruerent dispensatione magnifica temperans,,, [sic] si actionibus propriis dignitatibusque distinctis officia potestatis utriusque discrevit, suos volens medicinali humilitate salvari, non humana superbia rursus intercipi; ut et Christiani imperatores pro aeterna vita pontificibus indigerent, et pontifices pro temporalium cursu rerum imperalibus dispositionibus uterentur, quatenus spiritalis actio a carnalibus distaret incursibus: et ideo,  (2-Tim. 2:4); ac vicissim non ille rebus divinis praesidere videretur, qui esset negotiis saecularibus 2em

title: Page:The Net of Faith.pdf/531


text:
Page:Kalevala (Kirby 1907) v2.djvu/179

Runo XLI]

’Mid these high-descended people,

Not a darling child of father,

Who the tears you shed can gather,

From beneath the sparkling water.”

Then the aged Väinämöinen,

Spoke again in words that follow:

“He who brings my tears unto me,

And the tears again can gather,

From beneath the sparkling waters,

Shall receive a dress of feathers.”

Forth there came a raven passing;

Said the aged Väinämöinen:

“Bring me now my tears, O raven,

From beneath the sparkling water,

And receive the dress of feathers.”

But the raven could not do it.

And the blue duck heard him likewise,

And the blue duck next came forward.

Said the aged Väinämöinen:

“Often, blue duck, does it happen

That thy beak thou plungest downward,

As thou speedest through the water.

Go thou forth my tears to gather,

From beneath the sparkling water,

Bounteous guerdon will I give thee,

And will give a dress of feathers.”

Then the duck went forth to seek them,

Seek the tears of Väinämöinen,

Underneath the sparkling water,

On the black ooze of the bottom.

In the lake she found the tear-drops,

And to Väinö’s hands she brought them,

But they were transformed already,

Suffered beauteous transformation.

Into pearls were they developed,

Like the blue pearls of the mussel,

Fit for every king’s adornment,

To the great a lifelong pleasure.

title: Page:Kalevala (Kirby 1907) v2.djvu/179


text: Kalevala (Kirby 1907)/Runo 41

title: Kalevala (Kirby 1907)/Runo 41


text:
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162* (The profession of government) is a heavy burden; not only does it weigh one down with its own burdens of sin, but even with the sins of the subjects; the sins which they committed by his orders or the sins which they committed (not by his orders) but which he could have prevented, they all fall upon his head. It becomes evident that only they can enjoy with good conscience offices with pagan lordship who do not care about truth and who have no compassion; authority becomes in their hand the law of injustice, enabling them to do what they want, not allowing their conscience to interfere with their wilfullness. (:The only precaution they take is that all iniquities and every violence be done according to the letter of the law.:)

implicatus, ut et modestia utriusque ordinis curaretur, ne extoleretur utroque suffultus, et competens qualitatibus actionum specialiter professio aptaretur. Quibus omnibus rite collectis, satis evidenter ostenditur a saeculari potestate nec ligari prorsus nec solvi posse pontificem." Concerning Gelasius see also Thoenes,, Wiesbaden, 1873; Richard F. Littledale, , London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, 1889, pp.256–259.

"Sovereignty is a supreme power over citizens and subjects, itself unrestrained by law." This is the definition of sovereignty made in 1576 by Jean Bodin, one of the founders of political philosophy. (Cf. Coker,, 1938, p.374). "Jean Bodin's unique contribution to political thought was the doctrine of sovereignty." (C.C. Maxey,, 1938, p.164). In this chapter Chelc̄icky̍ anticipates Bodin by 161 years.

title: Page:The Net of Faith.pdf/533


text:
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163* To them can be rightly applied the parable of the trees found in the Jewish Law which says:

Gal. 5: 2,4.

In this whole chapter Chelc̄icky̍ comes very close to the Gelasian doctrine of the two powers but he goes much further beyond the latter's position on separation. Gelasius I ( A.D.492–496), Pope, St., wrote A.D.494 a letter to Emperor Anastasius in which he said, among other things: "Duo quippe sunt, Imperator Auguste, quibus principaliter mundus hic regitur: auctoritas sacra pontificum, et regalis potestas. In quibus tanto gravius est pondus sacerdotum, quanto etiam pro ipsis regibus Domino in divino reddituri sunt examine rationem. Nosti, etenim, fili clementissime, quod licet praesideas humano generi dignitate, rerum tamen praesulibus divinarum devotus colla submittis, atque ab eis causas tuae salutis expetis, inque sumendis caelestibus sacramentis, eisque disponendis, subdi te debere cognoscis religionis ordine potius quam praeesse. Nosti itaque haec, ex illorum te pende e judicio, non illos ad tuam velle redigi voluntatem" (J.P.Migne, Patrologiae Cursus Completus," vol.LIX:, Paris: Bibliotheca cleri universa, 1862, viii, p.42–47; also A. Thiel, , Braunsberg: 1868, p.349–354, translated in Hugo Rahner's , Einsiedeln: Benzinger, 1943, pp.215–219) The translation of the important part of the above quotation reads: "For there are two powers by which chiefly this world is ruled: the sacred authority of the priesthood and the power of the king. And of these the authority of the priests is so much mightier, as they must render before the tribunal of God an account even for the kings of men." This position is amplified in his decree (J. Migne,, p.107f, Thiel, , p.567f, Rahner, , p.220) from which we quote:"Quod si haec (sententia dominica) tentare formidant, nec ad suae pertinere cognoscunt modulum potestatis, cui tantum de humani rebus judicare permissum est, non etiam praeesse divinis, quomodo de his per quas divina ministrantur judicare praesumunt? Fuerint haec ante adventum Christi, ut quidem figuraliter, adhuc tamen in carnalibus actionibus constituti. Quod S. Melchisedech fuisse sacra prodit Historia (Gen.14:18). Quod in suis quoque diabolus imitatus est, utpote qui semper quae divino cultui convenirent sibimet tyrannico spiritu vindicare contendit,. Sed cum ad verum ventum est eumdem regem atque pontificem, ultra sibi nec imperator pontificis nomen imposuit, nec pontifex regale fastigium vindicavit. Quamvis enim membra ipsius, id est, veri regis atque pontificis, secundum participationem naturae magnifice utrumque in sacra generositate sumpsisse dicantur, ut simul regale genus et sacerdotale subsistant (1-Pet. 2:9); attamen Christus memor fragilitatis humanae, quod suorum saluti congruerent dispensatione magnifica temperans,,, [sic] si actionibus propriis dignitatibusque distinctis officia potestatis utriusque discrevit, suos volens medicinali humilitate salvari, non humana superbia rursus intercipi; ut et Christiani imperatores pro aeterna vita pontificibus indigerent, et pontifices pro temporalium cursu rerum imperalibus dispositionibus uterentur, quatenus spiritalis actio a carnalibus distaret incursibus: et ideo,  (2-Tim. 2:4); ac vicissim non ille rebus divinis praesidere videretur, qui esset negotiis saecularibus implicatus, ut et modestia utriusque ordinis curaretur, ne extoleretur utroque suffultus, et competens qualitatibus actionum specialiter professio aptaretur. Quibus omnibus rite collectis, satis evidenter ostenditur a saeculari potestate nec ligari prorsus nec solvi posse pontificem." Concerning Gelasius see also Thoenes,, Wiesbaden, 1873; Richard F. Littledale, , London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, 1889, pp.256–259.

"Sovereignty is a supreme power over citizens and subjects, itself unrestrained by law." This is the definition of sovereignty made in 1576 by Jean Bodin, one of the founders of political philosophy. (Cf. Coker,, 1938, p.374). "Jean Bodin's unique contribution to political thought was the doctrine of sovereignty." (C.C. Maxey,, 1938, p.164). In this chapter Chelc̄icky̍ anticipates Bodin by 161 years.

Jotham's fable, originally probably intended as a satire on the monarchy. Judges 9: 8–15,.

Jotham's fable, originally probably intended as a satire on the monarchy. Judges 9: 8–15,.

title: Page:The Net of Faith.pdf/535


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 80


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338 In this period the drama made an effort to abandon the student and court circles, to which it had hitherto been limited, and to appeal to the masses. The moralizing school-comedies disappeared about the middle of the seventeenth century, and were replaced by plays in the modern dramatic style. The French dramatists were studied and translated, and imitations were soon produced. At court allegorical ballets, a kind of operettas in rhymed verses, with dancing and music, were chiefly represented, while at the university the preference was accorded to the tragedies. About the year 1660, (1641-1724), who later became a famous physician, erected a theatre in the Upsala castle, where he caused dramas to be played by an amateur company of students. These dramas were partly translated and partly written by Hjärne himself or by other poets of the time. In 1686, a similar company first appeared in Upsala, and then proceeded to Stockholm, where they gave public entertainments for several years. (died 1701), the most prominent member of this "Swedish theatre," as the company was called, wrote several plays, among which is found "Darii Sorgespel" (the tragedy of Darius), for which he borrowed the materials from Curtius. In 1690, these entertainments were interrupted, and it was long before Sweden obtained another national theatre. Meanwhile it had to put up with the performances of foreign theatrical companies.

The patriotic element, which had not thoroughly succeeded in asserting itself in the poetry, since the imitation of foreign models was continually on the increase, found the freest play in the historiography of this period, if we, upon the whole, have a right to use this word in reference to the phantastic vagaries which the so-called historians produced. The splendid successes of the Swedish arms had kindled the national pride, and while the writers dreamed of a grand future in store for the fatherland, so they also indulged in all kinds of musings concerning its antiquity. Not satisfied with cherishing the hope that Sweden was going to be the


text:
Der Tannhäuser

 * "The Ancient Ballad of Sir Tannhauser" translated by William John Thoms (1834)

title: Der Tannhäuser


text:
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Rh

The rather large size, remarkable antennæ and peculiar infralateral carinæ of the head will serve to identify this species very readily.

The following ten species have the sixth tergite of the male very obviously crenulate at apex; they are probably for the most part fungivorous in habits:

Well distinguished from either of the two following species by its very strongly micro-reticulate pronotum and antennal characters.


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Rh first power in the world, they also imagined that it had already been so in the past, and they persisted in persuading themselves of this imaginary fact. In the previous epochs already, Johannes Magnus had written a work which contained no history, but all fiction. Now, on the other hand, brilliant air-castles were built on a very weak foundation of facts, yet so skilfully that nobody, and least of all the authors themselves, ever dreamed of doubting their reality. Even men of comprehensive learning and of keen intellects, as they abundantly proved themselves in other branches of knowledge, allowed themselves in their historical works to be carried away by the most absurd fancies. Thus the royal antiquary, (1618-82), who distinguished himself by his excellent translations of the Swedish sagas, and whose antiquarian works were called by his contemporaries "the Ariadne-thread through the ancient monuments of the country," boldly maintained that "whosoever dared to doubt that the Goths who conquered Rome had set forth from Sweden should be punished as a criminal, and that any one who was heard to underrate the venerable age of the Swedish nation should have his head broken with runic stones."

This fabulous historiography was carried to its climax by the Elder (1630-1702). His special department was medicine, and he also studied anatomy with great zeal. Anatomy had been almost wholly neglected at the Upsala University, but by Rudbek it was developed into great prominence. At the age of twenty-two he discovered the system of lymphatic vessels so important in the science of anatomy, and this involved him in a violent controversy with the equally renowned Danish anatomist and scholar, Thomas Bartholin, who also claimed the honor of this discovery. They probably both made the discovery at the same time. Rudbek was a polyhistor in the true sense of the word, and


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GERMAN ANTIGUERRILLA OPERATIONS IN THE BALKANS (1941–1944)


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340 at the university lie lectured not only on medicine, anatomy, and botany, to the latter of which branches he became as fondly devoted as he had been to anatomy, after his enthusiasm for the latter had waned, but also on physics, mechanics, mathematics, etc., and he also gave instruction in music. In addition to this comprehensive activity as a teacher, he was also engaged in many practical undertakings. Thus he built an anatomical hall for the university; laid out a botanical garden, and made 11,000 wood-cuts for an illustrated botanical work, which he had begun and which he called "Campi Elysii," or "Glysisvald," attempting to translate the Latin name into the terminology of Norse mythology. This great work was never completed, for in that conflagration which destroyed Upsala in 1702, his own house, with all its precious collections, became a prey to the flames. It may serve to illustrate the usefulness of this extraordinary man to mention that, during the fire, he quietly continued to direct the work of extinguishing the flames so as to save the university—whereby the library was rescued—though he had been informed that his own house was burning.

Rudbeck gained the greatest reputation among his contemporaries by his historical work "Atland eller Manhem," also called "Atlantika," a history of Sweden in antiquity. Until his fortieth year he had not occupied himself with historical studies, and was led into them for the first time by Verelius, who got him to prepare a map of Sweden for a historical work. In doing this he discovered, as he thought, to his great surprise, that the names and localities in Sweden bore a striking similarity to those of the mythic land Atlantis, in which Plato had located his ideal republic. Rudbeck seized on this thread, and with great learning and no less subtlety, but at the same time with the wildest freaks of the imagination, he went to spinning out this yarn in the firm conviction that he was writing an authentic history and not an archæological romance. He assumed that Sweden must be meant by Plato's Atlantis, that Paradise had been situated


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O = an open hole; ● = a closed hole.

The notes of the various octaves are expressed in the text thus: those of the first octave from the C below the treble stave to the B on the third line, inclusive, have one stroke thus—C′; those of the second octave have two strokes—e.g., C″; and those of the third octave have three strokes—e.g., C‴.

Page 2.—It has been suggested that the verb fluter or flauter preceded the noun, and that it represents a Low Latin flautlare = to sound the notes fa, ut, la; of this there is no evidence. (See Studies, September, 1913, p. 229.)

Page 34.—The passage cited from Bacon's Sylva Sylvarum is from c. ii., s. 116.

Page 66.—For "Ribcock" read "Ribock."

Page 78.—For "James I." read "James II."

Page 103, line 9.—Strike out the reference to Mozart's Concerto.


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ST. MATTHEW. 45 CHAPTER III.

The preaching of John: Christ is baptized.

1. And in those days cometh John the Baptist preaching in the desert of Judea,

2. And saying: Repent: for the kingdom of heaven is at hand.

3. For this is he, that was spoken of by Isaiah the prophet, saying: “A voice of one crying in the desert, prepare ye the way of the Lord, make straight His paths.”

56 This does not necessarily connect the fact about to be related with what has preceded. It is a general reference to the time of the event. fessed to be penitent. There were various baptisms, or rites of purifi- cation, in the Mosaic law, which were practised on the occasions pre- scribed. Proselytes to the Jewish religion were also baptized, to signify their purification from the defilements of heatheniam; but baptism was administered by John to the Jews generally in token of change of life. mons, were popularly styled deserts. John began his preaching in such places. Mark i. 4; Luke iii. 3. I have followed, in this place, 4, a Catho- lic, in adopting the word "regent," although, as Campbell acknow- ledges, it does not fully express the force of the original term. "Agite pœnitentiam" of the Vulgate is an elegant and precise version; but "do penance," which literally corresponds to the Latin, is by usage deter- mined to signify the practice of penitential works, rather than the exercise of the virtue itself, Reform," suggested by Campbell, does not express the compunction of the mind, which is the precise force of the Greek term. I have retained the Rhemish translation in other places, where reference is made to external humiliation. The reign of the Messiah was sometimes styled "the kingdom of heaven," as being heavenly in its origin, principles, and object; it was also called "the kingdom of God," its author and end. John proclaimed that it was very near. The evangelist, not John, now speaks. aloud to warn all of his approach. 1 Messengers went before kings in the East to have the roads put in order, that they might travel with safety and ease. To this allusion is made. 1 Digitized by Google
 * John was distinguished by this title, because he baptized all who pro-
 * Places thinly inhabited, and uninclosed pasture grounds, or com-
 * John is compared to a herald, running before a king, and shouting