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MUTCD 11th Edition In some cases, an off-roadway closed-course or laboratory study might be required before a request for experimentation can be considered. The purpose of such a study is to determine whether testing the experimental device or application in an open-road setting could result in an undue safety risk.

Guidance:

Before requesting permission to experiment with a new device or application, an owner of a site roadway open to public travel should first check for any laws, regulations, and/or directives covering the application of the MUTCD that might apply.

Option:

An agency may request a preliminary assessment of the viability of a potential request for experimentation by submitting an abstract that briefly describes the experimental concept.

Support:

A diagram indicating the process for requesting and conducting experimentations with traffic control devices is shown in Figure 1B-1.

December 2023


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 him in correspondence with the Prophet's style, when he rebuked the vices, and denounced the wrong-doings of later life.

The crowds assembling in the courts of the Temple, where the Inspired man took his seat, and the promiscuous clusters that surrounded the pillars whereupon the Prophet's message was placarded, found the language of these remonstrances to he familiar to their ears. The terms and the style went home to the conscience of the hearer:—these utterances did not miss their aim by a too lofty upshot: they took the level of the popular intellect; and so it was that, as well the luxurious princes of the people as the wayfaring man, though of the idiotic class, might read and understand the Divine monition.

Inasmuch as the poetic and symbolic style draws its materials from the objects of sense, it is implied that the popular mind has a vivid consciousness of these objects, and is observant of the specific diversities of the natural world. This discriminative consciousness undoubtedly belonged to the popular Hebrew mind. The proof is this—that if we take as an instance any one class of natural objects—earth, air, water, the animal orders, or the vegetable world—we shall find, in the Hebrew Glossary, as large a number—as good a choice—of distinctive terms, thereto belonging, as is furnished in the vocabularies of other tongues, one or two only excepted. We may easily bring our affirmation

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 but these vary even to the point of contradiction. Even the manner of his death is open to question, the two most popular versions being as follows:

Diana, the lovely Moon-goddess, sometimes neglected to carry the moon across the sky so that she might spend the evening hunting with her nymphs upon the mountains. On one of these occasions she met Orion, the mighty hunter, and straightway fell in love with him, thereby so greatly displeasing her twin-brother Apollo, the Sun-god, that he determined to put an end to the affair. The opportunity, unfortunately, came soon afterward when the hunter was wading in the sea. Pouring his golden rays on Orion so that the brightness would conceal him, the god suggested to the goddess that they practice archery on the beach. Then, pointing to a bright object shining on the waves in the distance, Apollo persuaded Diana to try her skill by aiming one of her arrows at it. Diana aimed, and since she had never missed, the arrow hit its mark. Amid the ruffled waters tossed about in the giant's death agony, the goddess recognized the face of her beloved, and weeping bitterly, accused Apollo of the wildest category of sins. Proceeding then to Jupiter, she begged that god to place the hunter among the stars where she might always see him shining in the night time, as she drove her silver chariot along the pathway of the zodiac.

Another legend claims that Orion's death was caused by the sting of a poisonous scorpion which Juno had commanded to spring out of the ground and punish him for his unparalleled boasting. This has already been referred to in a previous chapter. Although the scorpion and the hunter were both placed in the sky, they were considerately situated in such positions, that when the Hunter appears in the east, the Scorpion disappears below the horizon in the west, thus saving the hunter the embarrassment of seeing his innocuous conqueror.

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 to the test of a sort of comparative estimate, as thus:—

England is a sea-girt land, and it is a land of rivers, and streams, and springs, and brooks, and lakes, and pools, and ponds, and canals, and ditches: it is also a land in which rural employments and out-of-doors habitudes prevail: it is a country in which the mass of the people has lived much abroad, and has dwelt amidst humidity. Nevertheless fifty or sixty words exhaust the vocabulary of the English tongue in this watery department. More than this number are not easily producible, either from our writers, or from colloquial usage. With this number our poets have contented themselves, from Chaucer to these times. France is also a sea-girt land, and it is well watered; but its vocables of this class are not more in number than our own. But now, although a portion only of the language of the Hebrew people has come down to us in the canonical books, this portion brings to our knowledge as many as fifty words of this one class: it is not to be doubted that in the colloquial parlance of the people many more words had place;—as many, probably, as would fully sustain our affirmation as to the comparative copiousness of this tongue. In allowing sixty words of this class to the English language, many are included which are technical or geographical, rather than natural or colloquial, and which are rarely occurrent in literature—seldom, if ever, in religious writings. Such are the words


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 Roadstead, Estuary, Watershed (American) Lock, Canal, Drain, Bight.

There is yet another ground of comparison on which an estimate may be formed of the relative copiousness of languages. It is that which is afforded by collating a translation with the original—in this manner—to take as an instance the class of words already referred to. The Hebrew Lexicon, as we have said, gives us as many as fifty words or phrases which are representative of natural objects of this one class; and each of these terms has—if we may take the testimony of lexicographers—a well-defined meaninor of its own. We have then to inquire by how many words are these fifty represented in the Authorized English version. We find in this version twenty-five words answering for the fifty of the Hebrew—apparently because the English language, at the date of this version, did not furnish a better choice. In very many places the same English word does duty for five, six, or seven Hebrew words—each of which has a noticeable significance of its own, and might fairly claim to be represented in a translation. As for instance the three words River, Brook, Spring, are employed as a sufficient rendering of eight or ten Hebrew words, each of which conveyed its proper sense to the Hebrew ear, and might not well have given place to a more generic, or less distinctive term.

A collation of the Greek of the Septuagint—say, in any one of the descriptive Psalms—will give a


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 myth, but as a history—the beginning of the human family in its Eden, and then a darkness is dispelled: then hope and peace are still mine (and Poetry also) for if this Proem of human history may stand approved, then on the skirts of the thickest gloom a brightness lingers. If there was once a Paradise on earth, then I know how to see and acknowledge, as the gifts of God, whatever is good and fair in my actual lot, and whatever is graceful; and whatever is in nature beautiful, and whatever it is which art elaborates, and which genius exalts. In all these graces of life I see so many vouchers for the fact that this Earth once had a Paradise.

And this is not all—for, with the same Mosaic belief as my ground of speculation—my turret of observation, I may look upwards and around me upon the sparkling fields of the infinite, and then am free to surmise, what I have reason to infer from an actual instance; and thus I may assuredly believe that, upon millions of worlds, there are now, and will be, gardens of God, where all is fair and good.


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 now its contraries. If it had not long ago been real it would have had no power to generate the unreal, which has ever floated before the imagination of mankind:—there are no dreams where there have been no substances.

Let it be so now that we listen to the exceptions of a captious and gratuitous criticism, and that, at its instance, we consent to remove from the book of Genesis its initial portions! Let it be that two, three, or more chapters of this book are rejected as "not historical." If so, then that which has rooted itself in human nature has itself no root! If it be so, then dreams have sprung of dreams in endless series:—if so, and if Poetry takes no rise in History, then must a deeper darkness spread itself as a pall over the abounding evils, sorrows, pains, and terrors that attend humanity. Thenceforward let it be—for who shall dare to gainsay Satan the Antiquarian!—let it be so that not only pain and toil, want, care, and grief, but also cruelty, wrong, violence, and war, shall proclaim an eternal triumph! The monster henceforward takes a firmer grasp of his victim:—if it be so—then, for aught we know, the rights of this tyranny are immemorially ancient:—they are as old as "the human period" of Geology:—for aught we know, the kingdom of Evil is from everlasting, and it shall be everlasting.

It shall not be so. Give me back that which a genuine criticism allows me to retain—the initial chapters of the Mosaic record. Give me—not as a


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Page 8 Standard:

The request for permission to experiment shall contain the following:
 * A. A statement indicating the nature of the problem and a hypothesis establishing the premise of the experiment.
 * B. A description of the proposed change to the traffic control device or application of the traffic control device, including the manner in which it deviates from the provisions of this Manual, and how it is expected to be an improvement over existing provisions.
 * C. Illustrations that would help to explain the traffic control device or use of the traffic control device.
 * D. Any supporting data explaining how the traffic control device was developed, including if it has been tested, in what ways it was found to be adequate or inadequate, and how this choice of device or application was derived.
 * E. Comparison of the proposed device to other compliant devices or treatments, either individually or in combination, that address the same condition, if applicable.
 * F. A legally-binding statement that the experimental device or application is in the public domain, in accordance with Paragraph 16 of this Section.
 * G. The time period and location(s) of the experiment.
 * H. Control sites for comparison purposes or justification for not using control sites.
 * I. A detailed research and evaluation plan that provides for close monitoring of the experimentation, throughout all stages of its field implementation. The evaluation plan shall include an appropriate evaluation methodology, such as before and after analysis, or other appropriate methodology as well as quantitative data describing the performance of the experimental device.
 * J. An agreement to provide semi-annual progress reports for the duration of the experimentation, in accordance with the schedule provided in Paragraph 12 of this Section, and an agreement to provide a report of the final results of the experimentation to the FHWA’s Office of Transportation Operations within 3 months following completion of the experimentation (see Paragraph 14 of this Section). The FHWA’s Office of Transportation Operations shall have the right to terminate approval of an agency’s experiment if reports are not received in accordance with this schedule.
 * K. An agreement to restore the site of the experiment to a condition that complies with the provisions of this Manual within 3 months following the end of the time period of the experiment. This agreement shall also provide that the agency sponsoring the experimentation will terminate the experimentation at any time that it determines that safety concerns are directly or indirectly attributable to the experimentation and the agency shall provide timely notification to the FHWA’s Office of Transportation Operations. The FHWA’s Office of Transportation Operations shall have the right to terminate approval of the experimentation at any time if there is an indication of safety or operational concerns, or if the terms of the approval are not being adhered to. If, as a result of the experimentation, a request is made that this Manual be changed to include the device or application being experimented with, the FHWA’s Office of Transportation Operations will determine whether the device or application can be permitted to remain in place until an official rulemaking action has occurred.

Where an item in Paragraph 10 of this Section is determined to not be applicable to the type of experiment, device, or application, the request shall provide sufficient explanation.

The required semi-annual progress reports shall be submitted throughout the course of an approved experiment in accordance with the following schedule:
 * A. No later than August 1st for the preceding period of January through June; and
 * B. No later than February 1st for the preceding period of July through December.

'''The experimenting agency shall submit a semi-annual progress report for any approved experiment even if no work was performed during the previous reporting period. Failure to submit two consecutive progress reports shall result in termination of the experiment and shall constitute rescission of the FHWA’s approval to the experimenting agency, requiring restoration of the site(s) to a condition that complies with the provisions of this Manual within 3 months.'''

'''The experimenting agency shall submit a final report within 3 months of the conclusion of an approved experiment. If a final report is not received by the FHWA’s Office of Transportation Operations, and the experimenting agency fails to notify the FHWA of any mitigating circumstances within 6 months of the end of the approved experimentation period, then the experiment shall be considered terminated and shall constitute rescission of the FHWA’s approval to the experimenting agency, requiring restoration of the site(s) to a condition that complies with the provisions of this Manual within 3 months.''' Sect. 1B.05


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 Man in the garden of God, accepting, as the gift of his Creator, the plenitude of earthly good, combined in his lot Poetry and reality, which in the experience of his descendants are always severed; and yet the first of these is not lost, although it stands aloof. In ten thousand ordinary minds there is an element latent which, in the one in ten thousand, quickens and becomes productive. The musings and the yearnings of millions of souls are so many inarticulate utterances of a dreamlike conception of innocence, love, ease, leafy fragrant bowers, and shining skies, which those who have never found these things in their lot, nevertheless persist in thinking have been wanting in it only through adverse accidents and their evil stars! So long as sorrows, regrets, remorses, broken promises, broken hopes, continue to call forth sighs, and to moisten cheeks with tears—so long as blighted, or wounded, or wasted affections eat as a canker into sensitive hearts, so long as the bereaved, and the friendless, and the homeless, and the lost, continue to think themselves unblessed, though they might have been blessed, then will these many sufferers be dreaming of a lot which can never be theirs, wherein the bright conditions of a lost Paradise should have been represented, if not fully realized.

Refine these yearning beliefs—train them in artistic expression, and then the product is—Poetry; and how elaborate soever this product may be, it has had its rise in what was once as real, as are


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 —Nature abroad must be its desire, and its chosen enjoyment, and Piety must be its aspiration. From Poetry that has no correspondence with these conditions of a Paradise we turn in dull despair to resume the heavy task of life; for if so, then beyond its austere conditions there is nothing in prospect of humanity:—the path we tread must be a continuity of care in sullen progress to the grave.

We take, then, the Mosaic Paradise as the germ of all Poetry; and unless this first chapter of human history be regarded as real—as true—it could stand in no relationship to those deep-seated instincts—those slumbering beliefs of possible felicity, which this tradition has fed and conserved in the human soul. If this first chapter be a fable, then we reject this belief also as a delusion. But it is not a delusion; and as often as a group of children, with ruddy cheek and glistening eye, is seen sporting in a meadow, filling their chubby hands with cowslips—laughing in sunshine — instinct with blameless glee—then and there, if we will see it, we may find a voucher for the reality of a Paradise which has left an imprint of itself in the depth of every heart: the same truth is attested with the emphasis of a contrast when—infancy and childhood, sporting and merry at the entrance of a city den, and still snatching from the pavement a faded handful of flowers, speaks of this instinct, and exhibits the pertinacity of a belief which no pressure of actual wretchedness can entirely dispel.


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MUTCD 11th Edition Support:

Under certain circumstances the FHWA Office of Transportation Operations might allow an experimental device or device application that has been shown to be effective and without safety concerns to remain in use after the experiment has ended. This typically would occur if the device or application is actively being considered for interim approval under the provisions of Section 1B.07.

Standard:

'''A request for experimentation that involves a new traffic control device or a new application of an existing traffic control device shall include from the agency conducting the experiment, the manufacturer and/or developer of the device, and the supplier of the device, a legally-binding statement certifying that the traffic control device is not protected by a patent, trademark, or copyright in accordance with Section 1D.06, and that the traffic control device is in the public domain and can be used freely in traffic control device design and application without infringement or claim of trade secret misappropriation. The legally-binding statement shall also state that the agency conducting the experiment, the manufacturer and/or developer of the device, and the supplier of the device are aware that if patent, trademark, or copyright protection is established in the future for the device or application, such action will result in its removal from the MUTCD, cancellation of its interim approval, or cancellation of the authorization for experimentation.'''

Support:

For the purpose of the Standard in Paragraph 16 of this Section, traffic control device refers to those aspects of a sign, signal, marking or other device which regulates, warns, or guides traffic. The limitation on patent, trademark, or copyright protection does not include the legal protection of individual elements of such devices. For example, manufacturing methods, assembly methods, or individual components of such devices can be protected, whereas the traffic control device cannot be subject to protection so long as it remains in this Manual. As a further example, an internal circuit board for an electronic traffic control device can be legally protected, but the electronic traffic control device itself or its operational function cannot be legally protected by any of the above forms of intellectual property rights.

Section 1B.06

Support:

Continuing advances in technology and approaches to traffic safety will produce changes in the highway, vehicle, and road-user proficiency; therefore, portions of the system of traffic control devices in this Manual will require updating. It is important to have a procedure for recognizing these developments and for introducing new ideas and modifications into the system.

A change includes consideration of a new device to replace a present standard device, an additional device to be added to the list of standard devices, or a revision to a traffic control device application or placement criteria.

Guidance:

Requests for a change to this Manual (see Section 1B.08) should contain the following information:
 * A. A statement indicating what change is proposed;
 * B. Any illustration that would be helpful to understand the request; and
 * C. Any supporting research data that is pertinent to the item to be reviewed.

Support:

Requests for a change to this Manual will be evaluated to consider the potential safety and operational benefits of the requested change and be considered for inclusion in a future for consideration in the next rulemaking to issue a new edition or revision of the Manual. A diagram indicating the process for incorporating new traffic control devices into this Manual is shown in Figure 1B-2.

Section 1B.07

Support:

Interim approval allows for provisional use, pending official rulemaking, of a new traffic control device, a revision to the application or manner of use of an existing traffic control device, or a provision not specifically described in this Manual.

The FHWA issues an interim approval by official memorandum signed by the Associate Administrator for Operations and posts this memorandum on the MUTCD Web site.

Interim approval allows for the optional use of a traffic control device or application and does not create a new mandate or recommendation for its use. Interim approval includes conditions that jurisdictions, toll facility operators, or owners of site roadways open to public travel agree to comply with in order to use the traffic control device or application until an official rulemaking action has occurred. December 2023


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 disaical Love is conjugal fondness, free from sensuous taint. This Rural Life is the constant flow of summer days—spent in gardens and a-field—exempt from exacted toil. This Piety of Paradise is the grateful approach of the finite being to the —a correspondence that is neither clouded, nor is apprehensive of a cloud.

It was in the fruition of each of these elements of good that the days, or the years, or the centuries, of the Paradisaical era were passed; and it was then that those things which to their descendants are Poetry, to these—the parents of Mankind—were realities. Each of these conditions of earthly well-being was indispensable to the presence and preservation of the others; for there could be no Paradise if any one of them were supposed to be wanting or impaired. Without innocence earthly good is a debasing sensuality:—without love it is selfishness and war:—without piety earthly good, at the very best, is the dream of a day in prospect of an eternal night; and to imagine a Paradise planted in the heart of cities is a conception that is almost inconceivable.

In like manner as there could be no Paradise in the absence of these, its four elements, so neither can there be Poetry where these are not its inspiration, its theme, or its intention: or if not, we put it away as either a mockery of the sadness of human life, or as a vilifying slander. Love must be the soul of poetry: Purity must be its purpose and aim:


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Page 10 Sect. 1B.07


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MUTCD 11th Edition The issuance by FHWA of an interim approval might result in the traffic control device or application being proposed for adoption in the next scheduled rulemaking process to issue a new edition or revision of this Manual. If the device or application under interim approval is not proposed in the next rulemaking for a new edition or revision, then a statement of the status of the interim approval, whether it is to be rescinded or remain in effect, will be included in the Federal Register notice for the rulemaking.

Interim approval is considered based on the results of experimentation, and/or results of analytical or laboratory studies with a traffic control device or application that analytically demonstrates a device effectively communicates its intended meaning. Interim approval considerations include an assessment of relative risks, benefits, costs, impacts, and other factors.

Section 1B.08 contains information on submitting a request for interim approval.

Interim approval is ordinarily considered only after published authoritative research and experimentation sufficiently demonstrate that the device or application provides a significant safety or operational improvement. Individual experiments by various jurisdictions, without a research report on the overall findings of the experimental device or application, will not ordinarily qualify for issuance of an interim approval.

Interim approval ordinarily is not considered based solely on non-U.S. experience with a new traffic control device or application. Differences in regulations, enforcement and penalties, and driver licensing requirements, among other factors, can result in dissimilar road-user behavior. Additionally, due to variations in conventions for traffic control device design, a non-U.S. traffic control device concept might need to be adapted to U.S. criteria to ensure consistency with the provisions and principles of this Manual. However, documented non-U.S. experience can be considered in the development of requests for experimentation (see Section 1B.05) and within the evaluation plan for traffic control device research.

Standard:

A jurisdiction, toll facility operator, or owner of a site roadway open to public travel that desires to use a traffic control device or application for which FHWA has issued an interim approval shall request and receive permission from FHWA in writing prior to applying the device or application.

The request to place a traffic control device or application under an existing interim approval shall contain the following:
 * A. A description of where the device or application will be used, such as a list of specific locations or highway segments or types of situations, or a statement of the intent to use the device or application jurisdiction-wide;
 * B. An agreement to abide by the specific conditions for use of the device or application as contained in the FHWA’s interim approval memorandum;
 * C. An agreement to maintain and continually update a list of locations where the device or application has been installed; and
 * D. An agreement to:
 * 1. Restore the site(s) of the interim approval to a condition that complies with the provisions in this Manual within 3 months following the issuance of a final rule on this traffic control device or application; and
 * 2. Terminate use of the device or application installed under the interim approval at any time that it determines that safety concerns are directly or indirectly attributable to the device or application. The FHWA’s Office of Transportation Operations shall have the right to terminate the interim approval at any time if there is an indication of safety, operational, or other concerns.

Option:

A State may submit a request for permission to use a device or application under an existing interim approval for all jurisdictions in that State, as long as the request contains the information required in Paragraph 9 of this Section.

Standard:

A jurisdiction, toll facility operator, or owner of a site roadway open to public travel that elects to use a device or application under a statewide interim approval shall inform the State of its use of the device or application.

Under a statewide interim approval, the respective jurisdictions, toll facility operators, and owners of site roadways open to public travel shall maintain and continually update a record of all locations on their roads where the device or application is implemented (see Item C of Paragraph 9 of this Section) and shall furnish this information to the State. December 2023


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Page 12 Section 1B.08

Guidance:

A local jurisdiction, toll facility operator, or owner of a site roadway open to public travel that is requesting permission to experiment or permission to use a device or application under an existing interim approval should first check for any State laws, regulations, and/or directives covering the application of the MUTCD provisions that might apply.

Standard:

Except as provided in Paragraph 3 of this Section, requests for an interpretation, permission to experiment, a change to the MUTCD, granting of an interim approval, or permission to use an existing interim approval shall be submitted electronically to the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), Office of Transportation Operations, MUTCD team, at the following e-mail address: MUTCDofficialrequest@dot.gov.

Option:

If electronic submittal is not possible, requests for an interpretation, permission to experiment, a change to the MUTCD, granting of an interim approval, or permission to use an existing interim approval may instead be mailed to the Office of Transportation Operations, HOTO-1, Federal Highway Administration, 1200 New Jersey Avenue, SE, Washington, DC 20590.

Support:

Communications regarding other MUTCD matters that are not related to official requests will receive quicker attention if they are submitted electronically to the MUTCD Team Leader or to the appropriate individual MUTCD technical lead team member. Their e-mail addresses are available through the links contained on the “MUTCD Team” page on the MUTCD Web site at http://mutcd.fhwa.dot.gov/team.htm.

For additional information concerning interpretations, experimentation, changes, or interim approvals, visit the MUTCD Web site at http://mutcd.fhwa.dot.gov. Sect. 1B.08


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190 MRS. MARCH'S BOARDERS. Churning-cream, down the sullar-stairs, and filled the churn up with two litters of my spring chickens—and the old hens, they liked to have scratched and picked his eyes out in the scrape.

Their ma said they were children of genius, that she feared they was short-lived; their brains was too big, for their heads, And then she’d kiss ’em; and. Dolph, he tied a dead rat to her water-fall, and skeered her nigh about into fits.

One morning I missed the cat. She warn’t there to git her new milk, and. she was allers: as constant te the milk-pail as the needle is to the pole. I was worried about her, for she is as good a cat as ever you seed.

I asked the children if they had seen her, and Dolph giggled and looked at Angus, and that little wretch said she was in the flour-barrel.

“Dolph put her in last night,” said he; ‘we didn’t like her color, she’s so black, and we thought we’d powder her jest as ma does her face.

“You little trollop!” cried Mrs, Wilson, grabbing him and giving him a shake that made his teeth clatter, ‘I'll learn you to tell falsehoods!”

“It’s so—hain’t it, Dolph?” exclaimed Angus, and then he scooted out of the house; and the next I seed of him he was out in the barn, with been two hens tied to a pole, trying to brush the cobwebs off from the barn winders. He’d got a feather duster, he said.

As soon as I found out whar the cat was I run to the flour-barrel, and shore enuff, when I histed up the kiver, out she bounced as white as a miller, and skeered nigh about to pieces. And when she come out she jumped onto the cake-board that had as much as a dozen tumblers, jest washed, onto it, and down went the board, and all them tumblers along with it; broke ’em into five hundred pieces, and skeered the cat so that she didn’t come anighst the house for more than a month.

Wall, I had my revenge onto the Wilsons in one way. The bread they eat was made out of that indenticle flour!

The next day Dolph fell through the scaffling in the barn into the pen, where we had a sow and some pigs, and the hoggish old lady tore all his clothes off from him afore he could git out. Angus got kicked by the old mare half to death; and Adelaide, she upsot one of the bee- hives, and was stung so bad that her face looked like a biled lobster with the small-pox.

But, land! ’tain’t no use for me to try, to begin to tell the performances them children had, and the scrapes they got into. It would take half of my lifetime.

Afore many days, the widder Westley, she got to be dreadful peart, for a widder. And whey she and Mr. Cliffe didn’t know that anybody seed ’em, they was jest. as, sociable together as if they’d known one tother from their cradles.

She got so gay and lively that I sot out to send, her off, I was afeard people would begin to talk if I had a woman in, the house that laffed so loud, especially as she was a widder.

I spoke to, Mr, Cliffe about it one day, and he growed so red that I didn’t know but the widder had been saying sunthin’ onproper to him.

But he sed he guessed if; he was me he wouldn't go to having no fuss, and he was so extry perlite and nice about it, that I told him jest to oblige him I'd keep still.

After that he was dreadful retentive to me, and, every time he spoke to me he either called me dear madam, or dear Mrs. March.

And he got into the habit of patting me onto the shoulder, and squeezing my hand whenever he wanted to say that the butter was too salt, or the coffee not sweet enuff.

And he kept telling of me how young I looked, and what pritty hair I had, and what a good form, and said that if all ladies were such a figure as I was, corsets wouldn't never have been invented.

And when he went to the Corner, he allers brung me home some peppermint lozenges, of which I am very fond, and which is excellent fer wind in the stummuk. After a spell I began to see through it, though at fust I couldn't hardly believe it. But, then, I'm very young-looking of my age, and I hain't near so old as I might be.

And I s’pose;I hadn’t orter have thought of marrying agin; but then a widder’s life is a very lonesome one, and Mr. Cliffe was such a fine-looking fellow! I knowed half the girls in Peaville would be yellow with envy; and as fer the widders and old maids, I doubted if they'd manage to live through it.

One day Mr. Cliffe he sot down terrible nigh me on the settle in the kitchen, and he put his arm round me, and tuk my hand, into his affectionate as ever you seed a person.

“Hold on a minnit,” says I, ‘and let me wipe my hands onto my apron, ‘I’ve been a kneeding up bread, and they’re,a little doughy.”

«And he waited jest, as obedient as a kitten. Then he took my hand agin,and says he,

“Mrs. March, it is, not good for man to be alone. That is Scripture is it, not?”

“Yes,” says I, “and it’s the truth, too.” “I’m glad you think so,” says he, “because I’m in love.”

title: Page:Peterson Magazine 1869B.pdf/191


text: Author:Fun'ya no Asayasu

title: Author:Fun'ya no Asayasu


text:
Author:Fun'ya no Yasuhide

Works

 * Kokinshū (as contributor)
 * Kokinshū (as contributor)

title: Author:Fun'ya no Yasuhide


text:
Page:Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices for Streets and Highways, 11th Edition (December 2023).pdf/53

MUTCD 11th Edition

Section 1C.01

Standard:

When used in this Manual, the text headings of Standard, Guidance, Option, and Support shall be defined as follows:
 * A. Standard—a statement of required, mandatory, or specifically prohibitive practice regarding a traffic control device. In limited, location-specific cases, the results of a documented engineering study (see Section 1D.03) might indicate a deviation from one or more requirements of a Standard provision to be appropriate. All Standard statements are labeled, and the text appears in bold type. The verb “shall” is typically used. The verbs “should” and “may” are not used in Standard statements. Standard statements are sometimes modified by Option statements.
 * B. Guidance—a statement of recommended practice in typical situations, with deviations allowed if engineering judgment or engineering study (see Section 1D.03) indicates the deviation to be appropriate. All Guidance statements are labeled, and the text appears in unbold italic type. The verb “should” is typically used. The verbs “shall” and “may” are not used in Guidance statements. Guidance statements are sometimes modified by Option statements.
 * C. Option—a statement of practice that is a permissive condition and carries no requirement or recommendation. Option statements sometimes contain allowable modifications to a Standard or Guidance statement. All Option statements are labeled, and the text appears in unbold type. The verb “may” is typically used. The verbs “shall” and “should” are not used in Option statements.
 * D. Support—an informational statement that does not convey any degree of mandate, recommendation, authorization, prohibition, or enforceable condition. Support statements are labeled, and the text appears in unbold type. The verbs “shall,” “should,” and “may” are not used in Support statements.

Section 1C.02

Standard:

Unless otherwise defined in this Section, or in other Parts of this Manual, words or phrases shall have the meaning(s) as defined in the “Uniform Vehicle Code,” “AASHTO Transportation Glossary (Highway Definitions),” or other appropriate publications.

Where a term that is defined in this Section or elsewhere in this Manual has a different definition in another resource or in common use, the definition herein shall govern for purposes of the applicability of the provisions of this Manual.

The following words and phrases, when used in this Manual, shall have the following meanings:
 * 1. Accessible Pedestrian Signal—a device that communicates information about pedestrian signal timing in a non-visual format such as audible tones and/or speech messages and vibrating surfaces.
 * 2. Accessible Pedestrian Signal Detector—a device designated to assist the pedestrian who has vision or physical disabilities in activating the pedestrian phase.
 * 3. Active Grade Crossing—a grade crossing equipped with automatic traffic control devices, such as flashing-light signals, gates, and/or traffic control signals, that are activated upon the detection of approaching rail traffic.
 * 4. Actuated—a type of traffic control signal operation in which some or all signal phases are operated on the basis of actuation.
 * 5. Actuation—initiation of, a change in, or an extension of a traffic signal phase or a sign legend through the operation of any type of detector.
 * 6. Advance Preemption—the notification of approaching rail traffic that is forwarded to the highway traffic signal controller unit or assembly by the railroad or light rail transit equipment in advance of the activation of the railroad or light rail transit warning devices.
 * 7. Advance Preemption Time—the period of time that is the difference between the required maximum highway traffic signal preemption time and the activation of the railroad or light rail transit warning devices.
 * 8. Advisory Speed—a recommended speed for all vehicles operating on a section of highway and based on the highway design, operating characteristics, and conditions.
 * 9. Agency—an organization with the responsibility for providing, maintaining, and/or operating a public or private road system.
 * 10. Alley—a street or highway intended to provide access to the rear or side of lots or buildings in urban areas and not intended for the purpose of through vehicular traffic. December 2023


text:
Author:Ōe no Chisato

Works

 * Kokin Wakashū (as contributor)
 * Kokin Wakashū (as contributor)

title: Author:Ōe no Chisato


text:
Page:Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices for Streets and Highways, 11th Edition (December 2023).pdf/54

Page 14 :'''11. Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT)—the total volume of traffic passing a point or segment of a highway facility in both directions for one year divided by the number of days in the year. Normally, periodic daily traffic volumes are adjusted for hours of the day counted, days of the week, and seasons of the year to arrive at annual average daily traffic.'''
 * 12. Application—in regard to a traffic control device, the act of deciding to use a device, generally or at a particular location for a particular condition.
 * 13. Approach—all lanes of traffic moving toward an intersection or a midblock location from one direction, including any adjacent parking lane(s).
 * 14. Arterial Highway (Street)—a general term denoting a highway primarily used by through traffic, usually on a continuous route or a highway designated as part of an arterial system.
 * 15. Automated Vehicle—see Driving Automation System.
 * 16. Automatic Lane—see Exact Change Lane within the definition of Toll Collection.
 * 17. Average Daily Traffic (ADT)—the average 24 hour volume, being the total volume during a stated period divided by the number of days in that period. Normally, this would be periodic daily traffic volumes over several days, not adjusted for days of the week or seasons of the year.
 * 18. Average Day—a day representing traffic volumes normally and repeatedly found at a location, typically a weekday when volumes are influenced by employment or a weekend day when volumes are influenced by entertainment or recreation.
 * 19. Backplate—see Signal Backplate.
 * 20. Barrier-Separated Lane—a preferential lane or other special purpose lane that is separated from the adjacent general-purpose lane(s) by a physical barrier.
 * 21. Beacon—a highway traffic signal with one or more signal indications that operates in a flashing mode. Types of beacons include:
 * (a) Emergency-Vehicle Hybrid Beacon—a special type of beacon (see Hybrid Beacon).
 * (b) Intersection Control Beacon—a beacon used only at an intersection to control two or more directions of travel.
 * (c) Pedestrian Hybrid Beacon—a special type of beacon (see Hybrid Beacon).
 * (d) Rectangular Rapid-Flashing Beacon (RRFB)—a pedestrian-activated and/or bicycleactivated device comprising two horizontally arranged, rapidly flashed, rectangular-shaped yellow indications that is used to provide supplemental emphasis for a pedestrian, school, or trail crossing warning sign at a marked crosswalk across an uncontrolled approach.
 * (e) Speed Limit Sign Beacon—a beacon used only to supplement a SPEED LIMIT sign.
 * (f) Stop Beacon—a beacon used only to supplement a STOP sign, a DO NOT ENTER sign, or a WRONG WAY sign.
 * (g) Warning Beacon—a beacon used only to supplement an appropriate warning or regulatory sign or marker.
 * 22. Bicycle—a pedal-powered vehicle upon which the human operator sits.
 * 23. Bicycle Box—a designated area on the approach to a signalized intersection, between an advance motorist stop line and the crosswalk or intersection, intended to provide bicyclists a visible place to wait in front of stopped motorists during the red signal phase.
 * 24. Bicycle Facilities—a general term denoting improvements and provisions that accommodate or encourage bicycling, including parking and storage facilities, and shared roadways not specifically defined for bicycle use.
 * 25. Bicycle Lane—a portion of a roadway that has been designated for preferential or exclusive use by bicyclists. A typical bicycle lane is delineated from the adjacent general-purpose lane(s) by longitudinal pavement markings and bicycle lane symbol or word markings and, if used, signs. Other types of bicycle lanes include:
 * (a) Buffer-Separated Bicycle Lane—a bicycle lane that is separated from the adjacent generalpurpose lane(s) by a pattern of standard longitudinal pavement markings that is wider than a normal or wide lane line marking.
 * (b) Counter-Flow Bicycle Lane—a one-directional bicycle lane that provides a lawful path of travel for bicycles in the opposite direction from general traffic on a roadway that allows general traffic to travel in only one direction. Counter-flow bicycle lanes are designated by the traffic control devices used for other bicycle lanes.
 * (c) Separated Bicycle Lane—an exclusive facility for bicyclists that is located within or directly adjacent to the roadway and that is physically separated from motor vehicle traffic with a vertical element. Separated bicycle lanes are differentiated from other bicycle lanes by a vertical element. Sect. 1C.02


text:
Author:Sugawara no Michizane

Works

 * Gosen Wakashū (as contributor)
 * Kokin Wakashū (as contributor)
 * Kokin Wakashū (as contributor)

title: Author:Sugawara no Michizane


text:
Page:Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices for Streets and Highways, 11th Edition (December 2023).pdf/55

MUTCD 11th Edition :'''26. Bicycle Signal Face—a signal face that displays only bicycle symbol signal indications, that exclusively controls a bicycle movement from a designated bicycle lane or from a separate facility such as a shared-use path, and that displays signal indications that are applicable only to the bicycle movement.'''
 * 27. Bicycle Symbol Signal Indication—a red, yellow, or green signal indication that displays a bicycle symbol rather than a circular or arrow indication.
 * 28. Bikeway—a generic term for any road, street, path, or way that in some manner is specifically designated for bicycle travel, regardless of whether such facilities are designated for the exclusive use of bicycles or are to be shared with other transportation modes.
 * 29. Blank-Out Sign—a sign that displays a single predetermined message only when activated. When not activated, the sign legend is not visible.
 * 30. Buffer-Separated Lane—a preferential lane or other special purpose lane that is separated from the adjacent general-purpose lane(s) by a pattern of standard longitudinal pavement markings that is wider than a normal or wide lane line marking. The buffer area might include rumble strips, textured pavement, or channelizing devices such as tubular markers or traversable curbs, but does not include a physical barrier.
 * 31. Business Identification Sign Panel—a panel containing a word legend or logo used to identify a business on a Specific Service sign.
 * 32. Busway—a traveled way that is used exclusively by buses.
 * 33. Cantilevered Signal Structure—a structure, also referred to as a mast arm, that is rigidly attached to a vertical pole and is used to provide overhead support of highway traffic signal faces or grade crossing signal units.
 * 34. Center Line Markings—the yellow pavement marking line(s) that delineates the separation of traffic lanes that have opposite directions of travel on a roadway. These markings need not be at the geometrical center of the pavement.
 * 35. Changeable Message Sign—a sign that is capable of displaying more than one message (one of which might be a “blank” display), changeable manually, by remote control, or by automatic control. Electronic-display changeable message signs are referred to as Dynamic Message Signs in the National Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) Architecture and are referred to as Variable Message Signs in the National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) standards publication.
 * 36. Channelizing Line—a solid wide or double white line marking used to form islands where traffic in the same direction of travel is permitted on both sides of the island.
 * 37. Circular Intersection—an intersection that has an island, generally circular in design, located in the center of the intersection where traffic passes to the right of the island. Circular intersections include roundabouts, rotaries, and traffic circles.
 * 38. Circulatory Roadway—the roadway within a circular intersection on which traffic travels in a counterclockwise direction around an island in the center of the circular intersection.
 * 39. Clear Storage Distance—when used in Part 8, the distance available for vehicle storage measured between 6 feet from the rail nearest the intersection to the intersection stop line or the normal stopping point on the highway. At skewed grade crossings and intersections, the 6-foot distance shall be measured perpendicular to the nearest rail either along the center line or edge line of the highway, as appropriate, to obtain the shorter distance. Where exit gates are used, the distance available for vehicle storage is measured from the point where the rear of the vehicle would be clear of the exit gate arm. In cases where the exit gate arm is parallel to the track(s) and is not perpendicular to the highway, the distance is measured either along the center line or edge line of the highway, as appropriate, to obtain the shorter distance.
 * 40. Clear Zone—the total roadside border area, starting at the edge of the traveled way, that is available for an errant driver to stop or regain control of a vehicle. This area might consist of a shoulder, a recoverable slope, and/or a non-recoverable, traversable slope with a clear run-out area at its toe.
 * 41. Collector Highway—a term denoting a highway that in rural areas connects small towns and local highways to arterial highways, and in urban areas provides land access and traffic circulation within residential, commercial, and business areas and connects local highways to the arterial highways.
 * 42. Conflict Monitor—a device used to detect and respond to improper or conflicting signal indications and improper operating voltages in a traffic controller assembly.
 * 43. Constant Warning Time Detection—a means of detecting rail traffic that provides relatively uniform warning time for the approach of through rail traffic that is not accelerating or decelerating after being detected. December 2023


text:
Page:Operation Crossroads 1946.pdf/67

 :...frequently check radioactivity of various parts of their own ship or craft including underwater hull and all intakes, particularly condensers, boilers, and other pieces where there may be a concentration from contaminated water.

Definitions of the radex area and surface survey sector were changed so that no real difference between them existed (Reference B.0.1, p. E-X-3). Both names were retained, however, since operational personnel were familiar with them. The definitions of the Red and Blue Lines remained the same, but a few special salvage vessels with senior monitors aboard were allowed to operate independently between the Red and Blue Lines. The definitions of the anchorage areas remained unchanged, but a boating area was established where unrestricted movement of small boats was allowed. By implication, small boat traffic beyond that area was more strictly controlled (Reference C.9.206, p. VII-(C)-18).

As before ABLE, training was an important feature of the radsafe organization's activities. Newly arrived monitors were given instruction by experienced personnel. Daily communication drills were held by the Radiological Safety Control Unit using the PGM, LCPL, and drone boat circuits. On 16 July the Radiological Safety Control Unit held a drill on Mount McKinley to train new members of its expanded staff. On 19 July the entire radsafe organization participated in William Day, the joint task force rehearsal for BAKER. So that radsafe personnel would not be caught unaware by new hazards, they met on several occasions with scientists in charge of the BAKER test and were briefed on the expected results (Reference C.9.206, p. VII-(C)-17). The monitors met with the commanders of the LCPLs and PGMs between William and BAKER days. Two more communications drills were held and by 22 July all radsafe personnel and equipment were considered ready (Reference C.9.206, p. VII-(C)-18).

Radsafe operations immediately before and after the BAKER detonation are described in Chapter 4, "Test Operations." Chapter 5, "Post-BAKER Operations: Bikini, Kwajalein, and the United States." continues the discussion of radsafe operations as the contaminated target ships are moved to Kwajalein Atoll and, later, as some of them are returned to the United States for final examination and disposition.

62

title: Page:Operation Crossroads 1946.pdf/67


text:
Page:Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices for Streets and Highways, 11th Edition (December 2023).pdf/56

Page 16 :'''44. Contiguous Lane—a lane, preferential or otherwise, that is separated from the adjacent lane(s) only by a normal or wide lane line marking.'''
 * 45. Controller Assembly—a complete electrical device mounted in a cabinet for controlling the operation of a highway traffic signal.
 * 46. Controller Unit—that part of a controller assembly that is devoted to the selection and timing of the display of signal indications.
 * 47. Conventional Road—a street or highway other than an expressway or freeway.
 * 48. Counter-Flow Lane—a lane operating in a direction opposite to the normal flow of traffic designated for peak direction of travel during at least a portion of the day. Counter-flow lanes are usually separated from the off-peak direction lanes by tubular markers or other flexible channelizing devices, temporary lane separators, or movable or permanent barrier.
 * 49. Crashworthy—the ability of a roadside safety hardware device or appurtenance to minimize risks to vehicle occupants by allowing a vehicle impacting the appurtenance to be slowed before stopping, redirected, or to continue without significant resistance. Section 1D.11 contains additional information about crashworthiness.
 * 50. Crosswalk—(a) that part of a roadway at an intersection included within the connections of the lateral lines of the sidewalks on opposite sides of the highway measured from the curbs or in the absence of curbs, from the edges of the traversable roadway, and in the absence of a sidewalk on one side of the roadway, the part of a roadway included within the extension of the lateral lines of the sidewalk at right angles to the center line; (b) any portion of a roadway at an intersection or elsewhere distinctly indicated as a pedestrian crossing by pavement marking lines on the surface, which might be supplemented by contrasting pavement texture, style, or color.
 * 51. Crosswalk Lines—white pavement marking lines that identify a crosswalk.
 * 52. Cycle Length—the time required for one complete sequence of signal indications.
 * 53. Dark Mode—the lack of all signal indications at a signalized location. The dark mode is most commonly associated with power failures, ramp meters, hybrid beacons, beacons, and some movable bridge signals.
 * 54. Dedicated Lane—A lane on a freeway or expressway that provides access to: (a) either an exit lane or the mainline, but not both, at a freeway or expressway exit, or (b) only one roadway at a freeway or expressway split.
 * 55. Delineator—a retroreflective device mounted at the side of the roadway in a series to indicate the alignment of the roadway, especially at night or in adverse weather.
 * 56. Design Vehicle—the longest vehicle permitted by statute of the road authority (State or other) on that roadway.
 * 57. Designated Bicycle Route—a system of bikeways designated by the jurisdiction having authority with appropriate directional and informational route signs, with or without specific bicycle route numbers.
 * 58. Detectable—having a continuous edge within 6 inches of the surface so that pedestrians with vision disabilities can sense its presence and receive usable guidance information.
 * 59. Detector—a device used for determining the presence or passage of motor vehicles, bicycles, or pedestrians.
 * 60. Detection Plate—a smooth continuous plate used on pedestrian channelizing devices to facilitate the use of low-vision canes for pedestrians with vision disabilities. The bottom edge of the detection plate shall be no more than 2 inches above the walkway and the top edge of the detection plate shall be at least 8 inches above the walkway. The detection plate shall share the same vertical plane as the hand trailing edge of the pedestrian channelizing device.
 * 61. Diagnostic Team—a group of knowledgeable representatives of the parties of interest in a grade crossing or group of grade crossings (see 23 CFR Part 646.204).
 * 62. Downstream—a term that refers to a location that is encountered by traffic subsequent to an upstream location as it flows in an “upstream to downstream” direction. For example, “the downstream end of a lane line separating the turn lane from a through lane on the approach to an intersection” is the end of the lane line that is closest to the intersection.
 * 63. Driveway—an access from a roadway to a building, site, or abutting property.
 * 64. Driving Aisle—circulation area for motor vehicles within a parking area, typically between rows of parking spaces. Driving aisles provide one-way or two-way travel. Driving aisles are exempted from compliance with MUTCD provisions.
 * 65. Driving Automation System—technology that automates some or all aspects of the driving task to assist or replace the human vehicle operator. Section 5A.03 contains descriptions of the automation levels.
 * 66. Dropped Lane—see Lane Drop. Sect. 1C.02


text:
Page:Agreement relating to Malaysia (1963).djvu/218

The Schedule, paragraph 2

The Schedule, paragraphs 8 and 9


text:
Page:Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices for Streets and Highways, 11th Edition (December 2023).pdf/57

MUTCD 11th Edition :'''67. Dual-Arrow Signal Section—a type of signal section designed to include both a yellow arrow and a green arrow.'''
 * 68. Dynamic Envelope—the clearance required for light rail transit traffic or a train and its cargo overhang due to any combination of loading, lateral motion, or suspension failure (see Figure 8C-3).
 * 69. Dynamic Exit Gate Operating Mode—a mode of operation where the exit gate operation is based on the presence of vehicles within the minimum track clearance distance.
 * 70. Dynamic Message Sign—see Changeable Message Sign.
 * 71. Edge Line Markings—white or yellow pavement marking lines that delineate the right or left edge(s) of a traveled way.
 * 72. Electronic Toll Collection (ETC) Account Only Lane—a non-attended toll lane that is restricted to use only by vehicles with a registered toll payment account.
 * 73. Emergency-Vehicle Hybrid Beacon—see Hybrid Beacon.
 * 74. Emergency-Vehicle Traffic Control Signal—see Highway Traffic Signal.
 * 75. Engineer—see Professional Engineer.
 * 76. Engineering Judgment—the evaluation of available pertinent information including, but not limited to, the safety and operational efficiency of all road users, and the application of appropriate principles, provisions, and practices as contained in this Manual and other sources, for the purpose of deciding upon the design (see Section 1D.03), use, installation, or operation of a traffic control device. Engineering judgment shall be exercised by a professional engineer (see definition in this Section) with appropriate traffic engineering expertise, or by an individual working under the supervision of such an engineer, through the application of procedures and criteria established by the engineer. Documentation of engineering judgment is not required.
 * 77. Engineering Study—the analysis and evaluation of available pertinent information including, but not limited to, the safety and operational efficiency of all road users, and the application of appropriate principles, provisions, and practices as contained in this Manual and other sources, for the purpose of deciding upon the design (see Section 1D.03), use, installation, or operation of a traffic control device. An engineering study shall be performed by a professional engineer (see definition in this Section) with appropriate traffic engineering expertise, or by an individual working under the supervision of such an engineer, through the application of procedures and criteria established by the engineer. An engineering study shall be documented in writing.
 * 78. Entrance Gate—an automatic gate that can be lowered across the lanes approaching a grade crossing to block road users from entering the grade crossing.
 * 79. Exclusive Alignment—a light rail transit track(s) or a bus rapid transit busway that is grade-separated or protected by a fence or traffic barrier. No grade crossings exist along the track(s) or busway. Motor vehicles, bicycles, and pedestrians are prohibited within the right-of-way. Subways and elevated structures are included within this definition.
 * 80. Exit Gate—an automatic gate that can be lowered across the lanes departing a grade crossing to block road users from entering the grade crossing by driving in the opposing traffic lanes.
 * 81. Exit Gate Clearance Time—for Four-Quadrant Gate systems at grade crossings, the amount of time provided to delay the descent of the exit gate arm(s) after entrance gate arm(s) begin to descend.
 * 82. Exit Gate Operating Mode—for Four-Quadrant Gate systems at grade crossings, the mode of control used to govern the operation of the exit gate arms.
 * 83. Expressway—a divided highway with partial control of access.
 * 84. Fail-Safe—when used in Part 8, a railroad signal design philosophy applied to a system or device such that the result of a hardware failure or the effect of a software error shall either prohibit the system or device from assuming or maintaining an unsafe state or shall cause the system or device to assume a state that is known to be safe.
 * 85. Flagger—a person who actively controls the flow of vehicular traffic into and/or through a temporary traffic control zone using hand-signaling devices or an Automated Flagger Assistance Device (AFAD).
 * 86. Flasher—a device used to turn highway traffic signal indications on and off at a repetitive rate of approximately once per second.
 * 87. Flashing—an operation in which a light source, such as a traffic signal indication or LEDs in a sign, is turned on and off repetitively.
 * 88. Flashing-Light Signals—a warning device consisting of two red signal indications arranged horizontally that are activated to flash alternately when rail traffic is approaching or present at a grade crossing.
 * 89. Flashing Mode—a mode of operation in which at least one traffic signal indication in each vehicular signal face of a highway traffic signal is turned on and off repetitively. December 2023


text:
Page:Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices for Streets and Highways, 11th Edition (December 2023).pdf/58

Page 18 :'''90. Four-Quadrant Gate System—an exit gate system that includes entrance and exit gates that control and block road users on all lanes entering and exiting the grade crossing.'''
 * 91. Freeway—a divided highway with full control of access.
 * 92. Full-Actuated—a type of traffic control signal operation in which all signal phases function on the basis of actuation.
 * 93. Gate—an automatically-operated or manually-operated traffic control device that is used to physically obstruct road users such that they are discouraged from proceeding past a particular point on a roadway or pathway, or such that they are discouraged from entering a particular grade crossing, ramp, lane, roadway, or facility.
 * 94. General-Purpose Lane—a highway lane or set of lanes, other than a Managed Lane (see definition in this Section) or a Preferential Lane (see definition in this Section), that all or most of the traffic that is allowed on that highway is also allowed to use. Certain classes of vehicles, such as commercial vehicles or vehicles exceeding a certain weight or size, might be prohibited from using one or more of the general-purpose lanes. A general-purpose lane might also be restricted to certain uses, such as passing or turning or as an auxiliary lane.
 * 95. Gore Area—see Physical Gore and Theoretical Gore.
 * 96. Grade Crossing—the general area where a highway and a railroad and/or light rail transit route cross at the same level, within which are included the tracks, highway, and traffic control devices for traffic traversing that area.
 * 97. Grade Crossing Warning System—the flashing-light signals, with or without automatic gates, together with the necessary control equipment used to inform road users of the approach or presence of rail traffic at a grade crossing.
 * 98. Guide Sign—a sign that shows route designations, highway names, destinations, directions, distances, services, points of interest, or other geographical, recreational, or cultural information.
 * 99. High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV)—a motor vehicle carrying at least two (or more than two if the signs for a specific roadway indicate a higher minimum occupancy requirement) persons, including carpools, vanpools, and buses.
 * 100. Highway—a general term for denoting a public way for purposes of travel by vehicles and vulnerable road users, including the entire area within the right-of-way.
 * 101. Highway-Light Rail Transit Grade Crossing—the general area where a highway and a light rail transit route cross at the same level, within which are included the light rail transit tracks, highway, and traffic control devices for traffic traversing that area.
 * 102. Highway-Rail Grade Crossing—the general area where a highway and a railroad cross at the same level, within which are included the railroad tracks, highway, and traffic control devices for highway traffic traversing that area.
 * 103. Highway Traffic Signal—a power-operated traffic control device by which traffic is warned or directed to take some specific action. These devices do not include power-operated signs (except as provided in Chapters 4S and 4T), steadily illuminated raised pavement markers, gates, flashing-light signals (see Section 8D.02), warning lights (see Section 6L.07), or steady-burning electric lamps. Highway traffic signals include:
 * (a) Flashing Beacon—see Beacon.
 * (b) In-Roadway Warning Lights—a special type of highway traffic signal installed in the roadway surface to warn road users that they are approaching a condition on or adjacent to the roadway that might not be readily apparent and might require the road users to reduce speed and/or come to a stop.
 * (c) Lane-Use Control Signal—a signal face or comparable display on a full-matrix Changeable Message Sign (see Chapters 2L and 4T) displaying indications to permit or prohibit the use of specific lanes of a roadway or a shoulder where driving is sometimes permitted, or to indicate the impending prohibition of such use.
 * (d) Traffic Control Signal (Traffic Signal)—a highway traffic signal placed at intersections, movable bridges, fire stations, midblock crosswalks, alternating one-way sections of a single lane road, private driveways, or other locations that require conflicting traffic to be directed to stop and permitted to proceed in an orderly manner. These devices do not include pedestrian hybrid beacons (see Chapter 4J) or emergency-vehicle hybrid beacons (see Chapter 4N). Traffic control signals include vehicular signal indications, pedestrian signal indications, and bicycle symbol signal indications. Special traffic control signals include:
 * (1) Emergency-Vehicle Traffic Control Signal—a traffic control signal that directs all conflicting traffic to stop in order to permit the driver of an authorized emergency vehicle to proceed into the roadway or intersection. Sect. 1C.02


text:
Deliverance

 * The Deliverance (1904), a novel by Ellen Glasgow
 * Deliverance (1915), a book by Henry Osborn Taylor
 * Deliverance (1919), a silent film directed by George Foster Platt

title: Deliverance


text:
Page:Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices for Streets and Highways, 11th Edition (December 2023).pdf/59

MUTCD 11th Edition :::(2) Movable Bridge Traffic Control Signal—a traffic control signal installed at a movable bridge to notify traffic to stop during periods when the roadway is closed to allow the bridge to open.
 * (3) Portable Traffic Control Signal—a temporary component of a traffic control signal on a mobile support with one or more signal faces that is designed so that it can be easily transported, deployed, or relocated as part of a temporary traffic control signal, or during construction and maintenance as a temporary part of a permanent traffic control signal installation.
 * (4) Pre-Signal—traffic control signal faces that are located upstream from a signalized intersection and are operated in conjunction with the traffic control signal faces at the downstream signalized intersection in a manner that is designed to keep the area between the stop line for the upstream traffic control signal faces and the stop line for the downstream signalized intersection clear of queued vehicles. When used in conjunction with a grade crossing, the pre-signal is operated for the purpose of preventing vehicles from queuing within the minimum track clearance distance. Supplemental near-side traffic control signal faces for the downstream signalized intersection are not considered to be pre-signals.
 * (5) Queue Cutter Signal—an independently-controlled traffic control signal (not operated in conjunction with the traffic control signal faces at a downstream signalized intersection) located at a grade crossing that controls traffic in one direction only on the roadway for the purpose of keeping the minimum track clearance distance clear of vehicles. The display of red signal indications is activated from a downstream queue detection system, by time of day, by approaching rail traffic, by an approaching bus on a busway, or by a combination of any of these methods.
 * (6) Ramp Control Signal—a traffic control signal installed to control the merging flow of traffic onto a freeway at an entrance ramp or at a freeway-to-freeway ramp connection.
 * (7) Temporary Traffic Control Signal—a traffic control signal that is installed for a limited time period using fixed or portable traffic control signal units.
 * 104. HOV Lane—any preferential lane designated for exclusive use by high-occupancy vehicles for all or part of a day—including a designated lane on a freeway, other highway, street, or independent roadway on a separate right-of-way.
 * 105. Hybrid Beacon—a special type of beacon that is intentionally placed in a dark mode (no indications displayed) between periods of operation and, when operated, displays both steady and flashing traffic control signal indications. Hybrid beacons include:
 * (a) Emergency-Vehicle Hybrid Beacon—used to warn and control traffic at an unsignalized location to assist authorized emergency vehicles in entering or crossing a street or highway.
 * (b) Pedestrian Hybrid Beacon—used to warn and control traffic at an unsignalized location to assist pedestrians in crossing a street or highway at a marked crosswalk.
 * 106. Identification Marker—a shape, color, and/or pictograph that is used as a visual identifier for a destination guide signing system of a community wayfinding system or a shared-use path system for an area.
 * 107. Inherently Low Emission Vehicle (ILEV)—any kind of vehicle that, because of inherent properties of the fuel system design, will not have significant evaporative emissions, even if its evaporative emission control system has failed.
 * 108. In-Roadway Warning Lights—see Highway Traffic Signal.
 * 109. Interchange—a system of interconnecting roadways providing for traffic movement between two or more highways that do not intersect at grade.
 * 110. Interchange Lane Drop—see Lane Drop.
 * 111. Preemption Interconnection—the electrical connection between the railroad or light rail transit active warning system and the highway traffic signal controller assembly for the purpose of preemption.
 * 112. Intermediate Interchange—an interchange with an urban or rural route that is not a major or minor interchange as defined in this Section.
 * 113. Intersection—intersection is defined as follows:
 * (a) The area embraced within the prolongation or connection of the lateral curb lines, or if none, the lateral boundary lines of the roadways of two highways that join one another at, or approximately at, right angles, or the area within which vehicles traveling on different highways that join at any other angle might come into conflict. December 2023


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Page:Everywoman's World, Volume 8, Number 2.djvu/9

AUGUST 1917

HE summer breeze whispered lazily among the tree tops; overhead was the deep blue of a July sky, fading to the pale colour of forget-me-nots toward the horizon. A few clouds, snowy white, billowed and unfurled their folds of down, as though the gods, new-waked from slumber, had called a drowsy wind to scatter and renew the Olympian couches.

The river wound its quiet way among the pastures, whispering so low the while, that the willows must bend to catch the message. From the distance, now faintly heard, now half imagined, came the hum and click of machinery, for hay making had begun.

Seated near the river in the shade of a tree, Myra was sketching; her back toward the upper reaches of the stream. It was because of that, and also because she was so engrossed with her work, that the advent of the stranger came unnoticed. He was tall and slim, with slightly stooping shoulders; he wore an ill-fitting grey flannel suit, while a towel round his shoulders proclaimed what his occupation had lately been.

"Too much detail!" Myra started.

"Oh! how you startled me!" she exclaimed.

"I must apologise," said the stranger, bowing, but without lifting his panama hat. "The fact is I was talking to myself."

Myra was silent; she was not desirous of conversation with a total stranger. The man in grey did not move.

"It's true, all the same," he said, "there is too much detail."

"Are you an artist?" enquired the girl.

"Am I? I'm not quite sure. Years ago, I forget how many—centuries surely—I exhibited pictures at the Royal Academy."

"Why not now?"

"Oh, my health broke down. Come now, there's a freemasonry among artists, Your style is good, your soul is artistic. Let me give you a few hints," and without waiting to hear any protests, the stranger proceeded to give advice with regard to the sketch, which Myra could not but own was excellent.

Under his directions the picture grew into life; the girl's artistic nature responded readily to the guidance of a master hand, till the very drowsiness of the air; and even the indescribable sounds of a warm day by the river seemed to mingle in the colours of the sketch.

Myra thanked him, and as she did so, noticed for the first time the look of refinement, the clear eye, the broad, intellectual forehead, the sensitive mouth. But what struck her most forcibly about the man was the sadness of his dark brown eyes; even,though the lips were smiling, always there seemed to be gazing from those eyes the hopeless misery of a soul in prison. He was smiling now.

"Look!" he said, "isn't that a delightful corner? You see where I mean! The back-water runs up toward the farm, and the light just catches the red tiles of a roof, while all the rest takes the shadow of the trees. There's the splash of red in the water again, and the leaning willows are reflected, too."

Myra arranged her easel afresh, and prepared to pencil in the outlines.

"You must see how much you can remember of my teaching," said the man, with a far-away look in his eyes. "I'm going to tell you a story. Stop me when you're bored, and ask me anything you want to know."

E lay, full length, on the grass, and, feeling in his pockets produced a cigarette case and a box of matches, with a sigh of satisfaction.

"The story I'm going to tell you," he began, "is true. It all happened ten years ago. I am thirty-five now, though I must look over forty A friend of mine, an artist like myself, was guardian to a little cousin of his, a girl fresh from school. They had grown up together, and were just like brother and sister, for Rosalind was an orphan. We will call my friend 'Thomas,' because that wasn't his name.

"Thomas' father and mother both died before he was of age, and he was left in rather an awkward predicament. He would have found a home for Rosalind somewhere, for his own quarters were rather Bohemian and uncivilised, but she wouldn't go. They were devoted to each other, those two. Not in a sentimental way, you understand. Thomas had a very strong prejudice about cousins marrying, and he never thought of Rosalind in that way at all. He just loved her!—loved her with the best kind of love there is; and you may take it from me, that between him and his old housekeeper there was good order kept at his place when the men came buzzing 'round to smoke and talk and sing, and get a glimpse of Rosalind. She was pretty, too! Of course she soon grew up, more quickly than most girls. There's something about keeping a host of admirers at bay that quickens a girl's wits and teaches her self-possession. Not that she was spoilt; a more unaffected, simple-hearted girl it would be difficult to find. She was just a good comrade to all the men, and if she had favourites, none knew it.

"It was her desire to be independent, of what she considered charity from Thomas, that led to the trouble of which I am going to tell you. He was then very poor, and she had just a small annuity, enough to buy her own clothes by exercising strict economy. The idea that possessed her was that she could earn money on the stage. Thomas at first protested, but finally gave in. He saw the force of Rosalind's argument, that if she could earn her own living, there would be no anxiety about the future.

"'I don't want to have to marry for money,' she said, 'and I don't want to marry any one at all unless Mr. Right comes along. Just think, dear old boy, if you were ill and couldn't work, we should be up a very tall tree!'

"So it was settled. There were several men whom they knew who had a little influence in stage-land, and between them they found a place for Rosalind in a very small part. With the money so obtained she was enabled to attend a School of Dramatic Art, where she made many girl friends, and it was through one of these that she met Brunton. Brunton was an idler, cursed with a comfortable competence. He did nothing useful, and the old adage about idle hands and the Devil, came true in his case. Thomas did not know him. In fact, he hardly knew of his existence till the engagement was announced. There was no doubt that Rosalind had altered her lover's life; it was this sense of power that made her love him. Her maternal instinct yearned over this young scapegrace, and for three years the man kept straight. He gave up drink altogether. Thomas was not pleased, and the more he learn about his antecedents, the less pleased he was.

"Still, the girl had made up her mind, and nothing could shake her. A year after the engagement was announced, they were married. As I said, Brunton kept straight for three years under Rosalind's influence. It was thus two years after they were married that the trouble began. One night Stephen Brunton came home horribly drunk. Rosalind was (Continued on page 38)


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Page:Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices for Streets and Highways, 11th Edition (December 2023).pdf/60

Page 20 ::(b) The junction of an alley, driveway, or site roadway with a public roadway or highway shall not constitute an intersection, unless the public roadway or highway at said junction is controlled by a traffic control device.
 * (c) If a highway includes two roadways separated by a median, then every crossing of each roadway of such divided highway by an intersecting highway shall be a separate intersection if the opposing left-turn paths cross and there is sufficient interior storage for the design vehicle (see Figure 2A-5).
 * (d) At a location controlled by a traffic control signal, regardless of the distance between the separate intersections as defined in (c) above:
 * (1) If a stop line, yield line, or crosswalk has not been designated on the roadway (within the median) between the separate intersections, the two intersections and the roadway (median) between them shall be considered as one intersection;
 * (2) Where a stop line, yield line, or crosswalk is designated on the roadway on the intersection approach, the area within the crosswalk and/or beyond the designated stop line or yield line shall be part of the intersection; and
 * (3) Where a crosswalk is designated on a roadway on the departure from the intersection, the intersection shall include the area extending to the far side of such crosswalk.
 * 114. Intersection Control Beacon—see Beacon.
 * 115. Interval—the part of a signal cycle during which signal indications do not change.
 * 116. Island—a defined area between traffic lanes for control of vehicular movements, for toll collection, or for pedestrian or bicyclist refuge. It includes all end protection and approach treatments. Within an intersection area, a median or an outer separation is considered to be an island.
 * 117. Jughandle Turn—a left-turn or U-turn that, in conjunction with special geometry, is made by initially making a right-turn or diverging to the right. With other special geometry, a right-turn or U-turn makes a jughandle turn by initially making a left-turn or diverging to the left.
 * 118. Lane Drop—a through lane that becomes a mandatory turn lane on a conventional roadway, or a through lane that becomes a mandatory exit lane on a freeway or expressway. The end of an acceleration lane and reductions in the number of through lanes that do not involve a mandatory turn or exit are not considered lane drops.
 * 119. Lane Line Markings—white pavement marking lines that delineate the separation of traffic lanes that have the same direction of travel on a roadway.
 * 120. Lane Reduction—elimination of a through lane by a gradual narrowing of the travel pavement (taper) through physical construction or pavement markings at which traffic in the lane being eliminated must merge into the adjacent through lane and continue in the same direction of travel. A lane reduction can occur outside the influence of an intersection or interchange, or within an interchange a short distance downstream of the gore of an exit ramp. Through lanes that become a mandatory turn or exit are considered lane drops rather than lane reductions.
 * 121. Lane-Use Control Signal—see Highway Traffic Signal.
 * 122. Legend—see Sign Legend.
 * 123. Lens—see Signal Lens.
 * 124. Light Rail Transit Traffic (Light Rail Transit Equipment)—every device in, upon, or by which any person or property can be transported on light rail transit tracks, including single-unit light rail transit cars (such as streetcars and trolleys) and assemblies of multiple light rail transit cars coupled together.
 * 125. Loading Zone—a specially marked, signed or designated area for the loading or unloading of vehicles (passenger or freight).
 * 126. Locomotive Horn—an air horn, steam whistle, or similar audible warning device (see 49 CFR Part 229.129) mounted on a locomotive or control cab car. The terms “locomotive horn,” “train whistle,” “locomotive whistle,” and “train horn” are used interchangeably in the railroad industry.
 * 127. Logo—a distinctive emblem or trademark that identifies a commercial or non-commercial business, program, or organization.
 * 128. Longitudinal Markings—pavement markings that are generally placed parallel and adjacent to the flow of traffic such as lane lines, center lines, edge lines, channelizing lines, and others.
 * 129. Louver—see Signal Louver.
 * 130. Low-Volume Rural Road—A category of paved or unpaved conventional or special-purpose roadways having an AADT of less than 400 vehicles and lying outside of built-up or urbanized areas of cities, towns, and communities. Sect. 1C.02


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Page:Regal Rome, an Introduction to Roman History (1852, Newman, London, regalromeintrodu00newmuoft).djvu/185

Rh In consequence, the plebeians were suddenly left without legal representatitves. No man of their body was capable of holding office, because he was essentially inadmissible to patrician religion. It was soon manifested, that while excluded from executive government, possession of legislative power was a mockery: unfortunate war forced them to incur debt, and the penalties of debt were rigorously enforced. Art and skill migrated from Rome, when her arms could no longer defend the industrious, and rudeness so great came on the city of the Tarquins, that sheep and oxen became the current coint of a community which but a little before had made a treaty of commerce with Carthage. Under an exclusive patrician caste Rome sank more rapidly than she had risen; until tyrannical power vested in tumultuous tribunes became an elleviation of the intolerable evils caused by the loss of the elective king.

For the destruction of the monarchy did not come in the ripeness of time, when monarchy had finished its work, and the lower people had gained power of self-defence. It was the explosion of rage against an institution, because of personal iniquity; and it became the prelude to a century and a half of suffering to the plebeians.


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 the centre upon a golden throne. His green eyes glittered like glass, his hands were as the claws of a crab. When he caught sight of the prince he uttered piercing yells, which shook the walls of the palace. The prince took no notice, but continued his advance on his knees towards the throne. When he had almost reached it, the king broke out into a laugh and said:

‘It has been very lucky for you that you have been able to make me laugh. Stay with us in our underground empire, only first you will have to do three things. To-night it is late. Go to sleep; to-morrow I will tell you.’

Early the following morning the prince received a message that Kostieï was ready to see him. He got up and dressed, and hastened to the presence chamber, where the little king was seated on his throne. When the prince appeared, bowing low before him, Kostieï began:

‘Now, Prince, this is what you have to do. By to-night you must build me a marble palace, with windows of crystal and a roof of gold. It is to stand in the middle of a great park, full of streams and lakes. If you are able to build it you shall be my friend. If not, off with your head.’

The prince listened in silence to this startling speech, and then returning to his room set himself to think about the certain death that awaited him. He was quite absorbed in these thoughts, when suddenly a bee flew against the window and tapped, saying, ‘Let me come in.’ He rose and opened the window, and there stood before him the youngest princess.

‘What are you dreaming about, Prince?’

‘I was dreaming of your father, who has planned my death.’

‘Fear nothing. You may sleep in peace, and to-morrow morning when you awake you will find the palace all ready.’

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 What she said, she did. The next morning when the prince left his room he saw before him a palace more beautiful than his fancy had ever pictured. Kostieï for his part could hardly believe his eyes, and pondered deeply how it had got there.

‘Well, this time you have certainly won; but you are not going to be let off go easily. To-morrow all my twelve daughters shall stand in a row before you, and if you cannot tell me which of them is the youngest, off goes your head.’

‘What! Not recognise the youngest princess!’ said the Prince to himself, as he entered his room, ‘a likely story!’

‘It is such a difficult matter that you will never be able to do it without my help,’ replied the bee, who was buzzing about the ceiling. ‘We are all so exactly alike, that even our father scarcely knows the difference between us.’

‘Then what must I do?’

‘This. The youngest is she who will have a ladybird on her eyelid. Be very careful. Now good-bye.’

Next morning King Kostieï again sent for the prince. The young princesses were all drawn up in a row, dressed precisely in the same manner, and with their eyes all cast down. As the prince looked at them, he was amazed at their likeness. Twice he walked along the line, without being able to detect the sign agreed upon. The third time his heart beat fast at the sight of a tiny speck upon the eyelid of one of the girls.

‘This one is the youngest,’ he said.

‘How in the world did you guess?’ cried Kostieï in a fury. ‘There is some jugglery about it! But you are not going to escape me so easily. In three hours you shall come here and give me another proof of your cleverness. I shall set alight a handful of straw, and before it is burnt up you will have turned it into a pair of boots. If not, off goes your head.’

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 So the prince returned sadly into his room, but the bee was there before him.

‘Why do you look so melancholy, my handsome Prince?’

‘How can I help looking melancholy when your father has ordered me to make him a pair of boots? Does he take me for a shoemaker?’

‘What do you think of doing?’

‘Not of making boots, at any rate! I am not afraid of death. One can only die once after all.’

‘No, Prince, you shall not die. I will try to save you. And we will fly together or die together.’

As she spoke she spat upon the ground, and then drawing the prince after her out of the room, she locked the door behind her and threw away the key. Holding each other tight by the hand, they made their way up into the sunlight, and found themselves by the side of the same sea, while the prince’s horse was still quietly feeding in the neighbouring meadow. The moment he saw his master, the horse whinnied and galloped towards him. Without losing an instant the prince sprang into the saddle, swung the princess behind him, and away they went like an arrow from a bow.

When the hour arrived which Kostieï had fixed for the prince’s last trial, and there were no signs of him, the king sent to his room to ask why he delayed so long. The servants, finding the door locked, knocked loudly and received for answer, ‘In one moment.’ It was the spittle, which was imitating the voice of the prince.

The answer was taken back to Kostieï. He waited; still no prince. He sent the servants back again, and the same voice replied, ‘Immediately.’

‘He is making fun of me!’ shrieked Kostieï in a rage. ‘Break in the door, and bring him to me!’

The servants hurried to do his bidding. The door was broken open. Nobody inside; but just the spittle in fits of laughter! Kostieï was beside himself with rage, and

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 commanded his guards to ride after the fugitives. If the guards returned without the fugitives, their heads should pay for it.

By this time the prince and princess had got a good start, and were feeling quite happy, when suddenly they heard the sound of a gallop far behind them. The prince sprang from the saddle, and laid his ear to the ground.

‘They are pursuing us,’ he said.

‘Then there is no time to be lost,’ answered the princess; and as she spoke she changed herself into a river, the prince into a bridge, the horse into a crow, and divided the wide road beyond the bridge into three little ones. When the soldiers came up to the bridge, they paused uncertainly. How were they to know which of the three roads the fugitives had taken? They gave it up in despair and returned in trembling to Kostieï.

‘Idiots!’ he exclaimed, in a passion. ‘They were the bridge and the river, of course! Do you mean to say you never thought of that? Go back at once!’ and off they galloped like lightning.

But time had been lost, and the prince and princess were far on their way.

‘I hear a horse,’ cried the princess.

The prince jumped down and laid his ear to the ground.

‘Yes,’ he said, ‘they are not far off now.’

In an instant prince, princess, and horse had all disappeared, and instead was a dense forest, crossed and recrossed by countless paths. Kostieï’s soldiers dashed hastily into the forest, believing they saw before them the flying horse with its double burden. They seemed close upon them, when suddenly horse, wood, everything disappeared, and they found themselves at the place where they started. There was nothing for it but to return to Kostieï, and tell him of this fresh disaster.

‘A horse! a horse!’ cried the king. ‘I will go after

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 them myself. This time they shall not escape.’ And he galloped off, foaming with anger.

‘I think I hear someone pursuing us,’ said the princess.

‘Yes, so do I.’

‘And this time it is Kostieï himself. But his power only reaches as far as the first church, and he can go no farther. Give me your golden cross.’ So the prince unfastened the cross which was his mother’s gift, and the princess hastily changed herself into a church, the prince into a priest, and the horse into a belfry.

It was hardly done when Kostieï came up.

‘Greeting, monk. Have you seen some travellers on horseback pass this way?’

‘Yes, the prince and Kostieï’s daughter have just gone by. They have entered the church, and told me to give you their greetings if I met you.’

Then Kostieï knew that he had been hopelessly beaten, and the prince and princess continued their journey without any more adventures.

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text: The Grey Fairy Book/The Unlooked-for Prince


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Page:Calcutta Review Vol. II (Oct. - Dec. 1844).pdf/320

Rh was sent to go over the same ground. When the returns made appeared satisfactory, a correct copy of them was made for record, and a full abstract of them prepared in English.

Having finished his inquiries in the thana Nattore, Mr. Adam next moved to the adjoining district of Moorshedabad, in which he fixed on the thana of Daulatbazar, applying to it the most improved mode of investigation to which he had attained in Rajshahi. His subsequent proceedings are thus described by himself:—

"“The next district I visited was that of Beerbhoom, and there I adopted a modification of the plan of investigation, which spread the inquiry over a much wider surface in an equal period of time, and with equal security for accuracy of detail. In Rajshahi and Moorshedabad, with the sanction of the General Committee, I had limited my investigations to one Thana in each district; but it now occurred to me, that as I employed agents in that single Thana, under my own superintendence, in collecting information according to prescribed forms, this plan admitted of simultaneous extension to the other Thanas of the same district. Accordingly, having selected one Thana, as before, for special investigation, the results of which would fulfil the instructions I had received from the General Committee, I extended a more limited survey, by means of separate agents, over all the remaining Thanas. The difference was, that in the latter the inquiry was confined to the state of school-instruction; whereas in the selected Thana it embraced also the state of domestic and adult instruction. For the special and more minute investigation of the selected Thana, four, five, and sometimes six agents were employed; and for the more limited survey of the remaining Thanas, one agent to each was found sufficient. The result was highly satisfactory; for it enabled me to pronounce with confidence on the state of school-instruction, not in one Thana only, but throughout all the Thanas of a district. This extended and comprehensive course of investigation has been pursued in Beerbhoom and Burdwan, South Behar, and Tirhoot. In the city of Moorshedabad the plan of investigation was made still more comprehensive; the special and minute inquiry into the state both of school-instruction and domestic and adult instruction having been extended to all the nineteen Thanas included within the city jurisdiction.”"

In this manner, the state of native education in seven separate localities, or six districts and one principal city, was fully investigated. The time occupied in the actual business of local inquiry, and irrespective of various intervals devoted to other affairs, amounted to an aggregate period of fifteen or sixteen months. That the multifarious results of this searching inquiry are absolutely without error or defect, Mr. Adam himself does not presume to allege. But, considering the life and vigour which he infused into all his operations, and the unslumbering vigilance with which he superintended them down to the minutest items of detail; considering, too, the nature of his own official appointment, and the full equipment which he possessed of all the official means, appliances, and agencies necessary to


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