text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Jones, William (3)


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Jones, William (4)

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text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Jones, William (5)


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Jones, William (6)


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Jones, William (7)


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Johnes, William (8)


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Johnes, William (9)


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Jones, William (10)


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Jones, William (11)


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Jones, William (12)


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Jones, William (13)


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Jones, William (14)


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Jones, William (15)


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Jones, William (16)


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Jones, William (17)


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Page:The House Without Windows.djvu/71

 down therethere was a lovely lakelet at which she refreshed herself with a drink; it was grassy, and there were flowers. But it was stiflingly hot. There was a patch of pine woods here and there, but it was hot even in the shade of the great trees.

She stumbled on in the almost blinding heat, clambering up the other great precipicethe wall of the valley. From the top she looked down, and, seeing again that ponderous cliff, she wondered how she could ever have got up it. Then she lay down on the grass, and in a moment was asleep.

When she awoke, the strong wind was blowing again. It made her almost fly through the cold, salty air. Before her was the long-sought ocean, with the waves rolling and the gulls swooping, diving and screaming. She flew; her feet could not stay still. She was tired no longershe didn’t feel the smallest effects of her wearisome journey.

Suddenly she heard a soundthe magical sound of the waves as they crashed on the rocks. In they would come, pounding, roaring, breaking upon the shore. The foam and spume would fly back and leap up into the air. Everything sounded strangestranger than anything Eepersip had ever heard. No words can describe what she imagined. She never had had such a lot of emotions in her head at the same time. She tried to describe

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ERY many in the olden time wrote Gospels, and fathered them upon Apostles, giving them the names of Apostles, that they might in this manner gain a sanction for their heresies. “Thus,” says S. Jerome, “these were the authoritative books of divers heresies, published by divers authors, such as the Gospel according to the Egyptians, the Gospel of Thomas, of Matthias, of Bartholomew, of The Twelve Apostles, of Basilides, of Apelles, and others which it would be tedious to enumerate. This only is it needful to say, that certain men rose up, who without the Spirit and grace of God attempted rather to weave a tale than to compile historical truth. To these men may justly be applied the words of the Prophet, ‘Woe unto them which prophesy out of their own heart, and walk after their own spirit, who say, The Lord saith, and the Lord hath not sent them.’ Of such the Saviour also speaks in the Gospel of S. John, ‘All that ever came before Me were thieves and robbers.’” And after an interval he adds, “From all these things combined, it may be clearly seen that four Gospels only ought to be received, and that

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Page:Works of Jules Verne - Parke - Vol 2.djvu/129

 "It must be hallucination," I cried. "It cannot be! it is not true!"

But no! By listening more attentively, I really did convince myself that what I heard was truly the sound of human voices. To make any meaning out of the sound, however, was beyond my power. I was too weak even to hear distinctly. Still it was a positive fact that some one was speaking. Of that I was quite certain.

There was a moment of fear. A dread fell upon my soul that it might be my own words brought back to me by a distant echo. Perhaps without knowing it, I might have been crying aloud. I resolutely closed my lips, and once more placed my ear to the huge granite wall. Yes, for certain. It was in truth the sound of human voices.

I now by the exercise of great determination dragged myself along the sides of the cavern, until I reached a point where I could hear more distinctly. But though I could detect the sound, I could only make out uncertain, strange, and incomprehensible words. They reached my ear as if they had been spoken in a low tone—murmured, as it were, afar off. At last, I made out the word förlorad repeated several times in a tone betokening great mental anguish and sorrow.

What could this word mean, and who was speaking it? It must be either my uncle or the guide Hans! If, therefore, I could hear them, they must surely be able to hear me. "Help," I cried at the top of my voice; "help, I am dying!"

I then listened with scarcely a breath; I panted for the slightest sound in the darkness—a cry, a sigh, a question! But silence reigned supreme. No answer came! In this way some minutes passed. A whole flood of ideas flashed through my mind. I began to fear that my voice weakened by sickness and suffering could not reach my companions who were in search of me.

"It must be them," I cried; "what other men can by possibility be buried a hundred miles below the level of the earth?" The mere supposition was preposterous. I began, therefore, to listen again with the most breathless attention. As I moved my ears along the side of the place I was in, I found a mathematical point as it were, where the voices appeared to attain their maximum of in-


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 tensity. The word förlorad again distinctly reached my ear. Then came again that rolling noise like thunder which had awakened me out of torpor.

"I begin to understand," I said to myself, after some little time devoted to reflection; "it is not through the solid mass that the sound reaches my ears. The walls of my cavernous retreat are of solid granite, and the most fearful explosion would not make uproar enough to penetrate them. The sound must come along the gallery itself. The place I was in must possess some peculiar acoustic properties of its own."

Again I listened; and this time—yes, this time I heard my name distinctly pronounced: cast as it were into space. It was my uncle the Professor who was speaking. He was in conversation with the guide, and the word which had so often reached my ears, förlorad, was a Danish expression.

Then I understood it all. In order to make myself heard, I too must speak as it were along the side of the gallery, which would carry the sound of my voice just as the wire carries the electric fluid from point to point. But there was no time to lose. If my companions were only to remove a few feet from where they stood, the acoustic effect would be over, my Whispering Gallery would be destroyed. I again therefore crawled towards the wall, and said as clearly and distinctly as I could—"Uncle Hardwigg."

I then awaited a reply.

Sound does not possess the property of traveling with such extreme rapidity. Besides the density of the air at that depth from light and motion, was very far from adding to the rapidity of circulation. Several seconds elapsed, which, to my excited imagination, appeared ages; and these words reached my eager ears, and moved my wildly beating heart—"Harry, my boy, is that you?"

A short delay between question and answer.

"Yes—yes."

"Where are you?"

"Lost!"

"And your lamp?"

"Out."

"But the guiding stream?"


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Page:Characteristicks of men, manners, opinions, times Vol 2.djvu/38

34 Person an Esteem and Admiration of that immoral and inhuman Character, which deserves Abhorrence: 'tis then that the Hearer becomes corrupt, when he secretly approves the Ill he hears. But on the other side, the Man who loves and esteems another, as believing him to have that Virtue which he has not, but only counterfeits, is not on this account either vitious or corrupt.

therefore in Fact being no Cause or Sign of ill Affection, can be no Cause of Vice. But a Mistake of Right being the Cause of unequal Affection, must of necessity be the Cause of vitious Action, in every intelligent or rational Being.

as there are many Occasions where the matter of Right may even to the most discerning part of Mankind appear difficult, and of doubtful Decision, 'tis not a slight Mistake of this kind which can destroy the Character of a virtuous or worthy Man. But when, either thro' Superstition or ill Custom, there come to be very gross Mistakes in the assignment or application of the Affection; when the Mistakes are either in their nature so gross, or so complicated and frequent, that a Creature cannot well live in a natural State; nor with due Affections, compatible with human Society and Civil Life; then is the Character of forfeited.


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RV 35 (Rh) thus we find how far  and  depend on a knowledge of Right, and Wrong, and on a use of Reason, sufficient to secure a right application of the Affections; that nothing horrid or unnatural, nothing unexemplary, nothing destructive of that natural Affection by which the Species or Society is upheld, may, on any account, or thro' any Principle or Notion of Honour or Religion, be at any time affected or prosecuted as a good and proper object of Esteem. For such a Principle as this must be wholly vitious: and whatsoever is acted upon it, can be no other than Vice and Immorality. And thus if there be any thing which teaches Men either Treachery, Ingratitude, or Cruelty, by divine Warrant; or under colour and pretence of any present or future Good to Mankind: if there be any thing which teaches Men to persecute their Friends thro' Love; or to torment Captives of War in sport; or to offer human Sacrifice; or to torment, macerate, or mangle themselves, in a religious Zeal, before their God; or to commit any sort of Barbarity, or Brutality, as amiable or becoming: be it Custom which gives Applause, or Religion which gives a Sanction; this is not, nor ever can be Rh


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Boyd v. Dutton/Opinion of the Court

PER CURIAM.

The petitioner, Jack Boyd, pleaded guilty in a Georgia trial court to three counts of forging checks and to one count of possession of a forged check. He was not represented by a lawyer. The court sentenced him to serve 28 years in prison—four consecutive terms of seven years each. No transcript of that plea or sentencing proceeding exists.

He sought habeas corpus relief in the state trial court, alleging, among other things, that he had been denied the assistance of counsel. An evidentiary hearing was [p2] held, and relief was denied. An appeal was dismissed by the Georgia Supreme Court. The petitioner then filed a petition for habeas corpus in a Federal District Court, which denied relief without a hearing, basing its decision on the record of the state post-conviction proceeding. The Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit affirmed, Boyd v. Smith, 435 F. 2d 153.

At the Georgia post-conviction hearing, where the petitioner was also without the assistance of counsel, the only witness for the State on the question of waiver of counsel at the arraignment was a man named Dunnaway, who had been present at the arraignment, as Deputy Sheriff of Terrell County, Georgia. According to Dunnaway, the prosecutor told the petitioner that he was entitled to legal counsel and that the court would appoint a lawyer if the petitioner could not afford one. By Dunnaway's account, the prosecutor then asked the petitioner if he wanted a lawyer, and the petitioner replied that he did not. Yet there was apparently no questions from either the judge or the prosecutor during the arraignment inquiring whether the petitioner understood the nature and consequences of his alleged waiver of the right to counsel or of his guilty plea.

The petitioner expressed a desire to call witnesses at the state post-conviction hearing, but the court did not ask him who the proposed witnesses were or inquire about the expected nature of their testimony. The judge simply noted that the petitioner, who obviously possessed no legal skills, had failed to subpoena those whom he wanted to testify.

A person charged with a felony in a state court has an unconditional and absolute constitutional right to a lawyer. Gideon v. Wainwright, 372 U.S. 335. This right attaches at the pleading stage of the criminal process, Rice v. Olson, 324 U.S. 786, and may be waived [p3] only by voluntary and knowing action, Johnson v. Zerbst, 304 U.S. 458; Carnley v. Cochran, 369 U.S. 506. Waiver will not be "lightly presumed," and a trial judge must "indulge every reasonable presumption against waiver." Johnson, supra, at 464.

The controlling issue in this case is whether the petitioner knowingly and voluntarily waived his constitutional right to counsel before entering the guilty plea in the state trial court. It is evident that the material facts bearing upon that issue were inadequately developed in the state court post-conviction hearing. That being so, the Federal District Court was under a duty to hold an evidentiary hearing. Townsend v. Sain, 372 U.S. 293, 313; 28 U.S.C. § 2254 (d). Accordingly, we grant the petition for a writ of certiorari, vacate the judgment before us, and remand the case to the District Court for an evidentiary hearing.

It is so ordered.

title: Boyd v. Dutton/Opinion of the Court


text:
Author:William Metcalfe

Works

 * An Address on Abstinence from the Flesh of Animals as Food (1840)
 * Memoir of the Rev. William Metcalfe (1866)
 * Out of the Clouds: Into the Light (1872)

title: Author:William Metcalfe


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Page:Lapide vol1.djvu/23

xxii GENERAL PREFACE. all the follies of the Apocryphal Gospels have been the utterances of dead heretics, rather than of Catholic writers.”

There are then only Four Canonical Gospels, and the Church proves them to be so by the teaching and tradition of the Apostles. For S. Peter gave his sanction to the Gospel of S. Mark, S. Paul to that of S. Luke, the Apostles unitedly to that of S. Matthew, for when they were about to go away to their several provinces they carried it with them. All the Bishops of Asia, and the rest of the faithful are witnesses to the Gospel of S. John. Origen and S. Jerome, cite the authorities for these statements. As for the Gospel according to the Hebrews, attributed to S. Matthew, although it seems to have been the same with his Gospel, it has been depraved by additions from various sources, so that it is of doubtful and uncertain authority. S. Jerome, however, translated it out of Hebrew into Latin. This is what he says in his catalogue of illustrious men, speaking of James, the Lord’s brother: “The Gospel which is called according to the Hebrews, I have lately translated into Greek and Latin. Origen frequently quotes it. It makes the following mention of James after the Lord’s Resurrection. ‘When the Lord had given a linen cloth to the priest’s servant, He went and appeared unto James. For James had sworn that he would not eat bread from the hour in which he had drank of the Lord’s chalice, until he beheld Him risen from the dead.’ And again, ‘Bring forth,’ saith the Lord, ‘bread and a table,’ adding immediately, ‘He took bread, and blessed it, and brake, and gave it unto James the Just, and saith unto him, My Brother, eat thy bread, for the Son of Man hath arisen from among them that slept.’”

In the same work, Jerome, speaking of S. Ignatius says,

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Boyd v. Dutton/Concurrence Blackmun

MR. JUSTICE BLACKMUN, concurring.

I join the Court's per curiam opinion and judgment. I do so, however, only after some initial hesitation, for there is force in MR. JUSTICE POWELL's dissent when it stresses that the unanimous judgment of four courts is being overturned and that the trier of fact in the state post-conviction procedure decided the factual issues against the petitioner.

A reading of the post-conviction transcript, however, persuades me that the petitioner was utterly lost at that proceeding; that his assertion that favorable witnesses existed was frustrated because he did not know how to compel their attendance and received no assistance in this respect; and that the development of the material facts leaves something to be desired and falls somewhat short of the standards laid down in Townsend v. Sain, 372 U.S. 293, 313 (1963). When a 20-year-old who [p4] claims he could not read or write (although he apparently was able to sign his name to the petition in the present proceeding) receives four consecutive seven-year sentences, totaling 28 years, for forging three checks within a fortnight in the respective amounts of $45, $45, and $40, and for possessing a forged check in the amount of $10, his post-conviction hearing, for me and on balance, must clearly meet those standards. Certainly, the appointment of counsel is indicated.

title: Boyd v. Dutton/Concurrence Blackmun


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AGREEMENT AND DISCREPANCIES OF THE GOSPELS. xxiii “Ignatius wrote an Epistle to the Smyrnæans, in which he quotes a passage from the Gospel which has been recently translated by me, upon the Person of Christ, saying, ‘I indeed, even after His Resurrection, have seen Him in the flesh, and I believe that He is. And when He came unto Peter, and unto them which were with Peter, He saith unto them, Behold Me, and touch Me, for I am not an incorporeal spirit. And immediately they touched Him, and believed.’” Origen moreover (tom. 2 in Joan.) cites from the same Gospel, “Christ hath said, Presently My Mother, the Holy Ghost, received Me, and carried Me by one of My hairs to Mount Tabor.” This sentence, unless it be construed favourably, seems to contain the Gnostic heresy of the Valentinians, who asserted that the Holy Ghost was the Mother of Christ.

Origen, however, defends it thus, that the Holy Ghost is not called the Mother of Christ by generation, but by imitation, forasmuch as He imitated His Father, and conformed Himself to His will. This is but a poor defence however. Bede also quotes this Gospel, and asserts that it was allowed by the ancients. But however this may be, it is certain that it is not canonical, and has not the authority of Holy Scripture.

This Gospel according to the Hebrews was also called the Gospel of the Nazarenes, because the Nazarenes made use of it. Hear S. Jerome (in c. 12 Matth. v. 13), where he is speaking of Christ healing the withered hand: “In the Gospel used by the Nazarenes and the Ebionites, which I have recently translated out of Hebrew into Greek, and which is considered by many an authentic work of Matthew, the man who had the withered hand is said to have been a mason. These are the words in which he cried for help. There was a certain mason who gained his living

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Boyd v. Dutton/Dissent White

MR. JUSTICE WHITE, with whom THE CHIEF JUSTICE joins, dissenting.

There is no suggestion that either the trial court accepting petitioner's plea of guilty or the state court denying habeas corpus employed an erroneous legal standard in proceeding as it did. On this record we may "properly assume that the state trier of fact applied standards of federal law to the facts, in the absence of evidence... that there is reason to suspect that an incorrect standard was in fact applied." Townsend v. Sain, 372 U.S. 293, 315 (1963). And in participating in our appellate function and acting on the cold record before us, I cannot presume greater insight into petitioner's understanding of his rights, his waiver of counsel, and his plea of guilty and the habeas corpus court that heard petitioner and the other evidence. According to the undisputed evidence as to the circumstances surrounding the plea, petitioner stated that he waived counsel, admitted that he was guilty, and accordingly entered his plea. Like MR. JUSTICE POWELL, I think the judgment of the state court was fairly supported by the evidence. The petition for writ of certiorari having been granted, I would affirm the judgment of the Court of Appeals.

title: Boyd v. Dutton/Dissent White


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Page:Books from the Biodiversity Heritage Library (IA mobot31753000820123).pdf/69

 Rh

come from the Indians, they being us'd for the same Diseases in Mexico and Brazile, as Piso, Marcgrave, Hernandez, Ximenes, and others relate.

One of the greatest remedies of the Planters living here to prevent Diseases, or the ill effect of what they call ill Fumes or Vapours, is an infusion of the Seeds of that kind of Aristolochia called Contra Yerva. The Seeds steep'd in Wine afford a clammy, yellow substance which sticks close to them, and their infusion in Wine is used in a morning in sickly times, to prevent Infection. The Seeds infused in Spirit of Wine, and distill'd, afford a Spirit very good to promote Sweating in Colds and Fevers. This Plant is used for much the same purposes, both in the Continent of America and the East-Indies. Dr. Smallwood an English Physician, who liv'd in Guatemala, (having been taken Prisoner by the Spaniards) told me that the Spaniards made great use of this Herb in all poisonous and Malignant Diseases. The Indians about Guiana had first discovered its Vertue to the Spaniards, for the Doctor being pursued by them and wounded by one of their poison'd Arrows, to find out his Cure, they took one of their Indian Prisoners, and tying him to a Post threatned to wound him with one of their own venemous Arrows, if immediately he did not declare their Cure for that Disease, upon which the Indian immediately chaw'd some of this Contra Yerva, and put it into the wound, and it healed. The Inhabitants here use also with great success, Vomits of the infusion of Crocus Metallorum in Wine, in Fevers and other Diseases.

The Trade of Jamaica is either with Europe or America. That of Europe consists in bringing thither Flower, Bisket, Beef, Pork, all manner of Clothing for Masters and Servants, as Osnabrigs, blew Cloth, Liquors of all sorts, ''&c. Madera Wine is also imported in great quantities from the Island of that name, by Vessels sent from England on purpose, on all which the Merchant is supposed to Gain generally 50 per cent.'' Profit. The Goods sent back again, or Exported from the Island, are Sugars, most part Muscavados, Indico, Cotton-wool, Ginger, Piemento All-Spice or Jamaica-Pepper, Fustick-wood, Prince-wood, Lignum Vitæ, Arnotto, Log-wood, and the several Commodities they have from the Spaniards of the West-Indies, (with whom they have a private Trade,) as Sarsaparilla, Cacao-Nuts, Cochineel, &c. on which they get considerable Profit. There is about 20 per cent. in Exchange between Spanish Money and Gold in Jamaica, and English Money paid in England.


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is by nature and inclination a sport. He can tell you at what exact hour the ball game of the day is to begin, can foretell its issue without losing a stroke of the razor, and can explain the points of inferiority of all the players, as compared with better men that he has personally seen elsewhere, with the nicety of a professional. He can do all this, and then stuff the customer's mouth with a soap-brush, and leave him while he goes to the other end of the shop to make a side bet with one of the other barbers on the outcome of the Autumn Handicap. In the barber-shops they knew the result of the Jeffries-Johnson prize-fight long before it happened. It is on information of this kind that they make their living. The performance of shaving is only incidental to it. Their real vocation in life is imparting information. To the barber the outside world is made up of customers, who are to be thrown into chairs, strapped, manacled, gagged with soap, and then given such necessary informa-


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  tion on the athletic events of the moment as will carry them through the business hours of the day without open disgrace.

As soon as the barber has properly filled up the customer with information of this sort, he rapidly removes his whiskers as a sign that the man is now fit to talk to, and lets him out of the chair.

The public has grown to understand the situation. Every reasonable business man is willing to sit and wait half an hour for a shave which he could give himself in three minutes, because he knows that if he goes down town without understanding exactly why Chicago lost two games straight he will appear an ignoramus.

At times, of course, the barber prefers to test his customer with a question or two. He gets him pinned in the chair, with his head well back, covers the customer's face with soap, and then planting his knee on his chest and holding his hand firmly across the customer's mouth, to prevent all utterance and to force him to swallow the soap, he asks: "Well, what did you think of the Detroit-St. Louis game yesterday?" This is not really meant for a question at all. It is only


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  equivalent to saying: "Now, you poor fool, I'll bet you don't know anything about the great events of your country at all." There is a gurgle in the customer's throat as if he were trying to answer, and his eyes are seen to move sideways, but the barber merely thrusts the soap-brush into each eye, and if any motion still persists, he breathes gin and peppermint over the face, till all sign of life is extinct. Then he talks the game over in detail with the barber at the next chair, each leaning across an inanimate thing extended under steaming towels that was once a man.

To know all these things barbers have to be highly educated. It is true that some of the greatest barbers that have ever lived have begun as uneducated, illiterate men, and by sheer energy and indomitable industry have forced their way to the front. But these are exceptions. To succeed nowadays it is practically necessary to be a college graduate. As the courses at Harvard and Yale have been found too superficial, there are now established regular Barbers' Colleges, where a bright young man can learn as much in three weeks as he would be likely to know after three years at Harvard. The courses at these colleges cover


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  such things as: (1), including Hair and its Destruction, The Origin and Growth of Whiskers, Soap in its Relation to Eyesight; (2) , including lectures on Florida Water; and How to Make it out of Sardine Oil; (3) , including The Scalp and How to Lift it, The Ears and How to Remove them, and, as the Major Course for advanced students, The Veins of the Face and how to open and close them at will by the use of alum.

The education of the customer is, as I have said, the chief part of the barber's vocation. But it must be remembered that the incidental function of removing his whiskers in order to mark him as a well-informed man is also of importance, and demands long practice and great natural aptitude. In the barbers' shops of modern cities shaving has been brought to a high degree of perfection. A good barber is not content to remove the whiskers of his client directly and immediately. He prefers to cook him first. He does this by immersing the head in hot water and covering the victim's face with steaming towels until he has him boiled to a nice pink. From time to time the barber removes the towels and looks


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  at the face to see if it is yet boiled pink enough for his satisfaction. If it is not, he replaces the towels again and jams them down firmly with his hand until the cooking is finished. The final result, however, amply justifies this trouble, and the well-boiled customer only needs the addition of a few vegetables on the side to present an extremely appetizing appearance.

During the process of the shave, it is customary for the barber to apply the particular kind of mental torture known as the third degree. This is done by terrorizing the patient as to the very evident and proximate loss of all his hair and whiskers, which the barber is enabled by his experience to foretell. "Your hair," he says, very sadly and sympathetically, "is all falling out. Better let me give you a shampoo?" "No." "Let me singe your hair to close up the follicles?" "No." "Let me plug up the ends of your hair with sealing-wax, it's the only thing that will save it for you?" "No." "Let me rub an egg on your scalp?" "No." "Let me squirt a lemon on your eyebrows?" "No."

The barber sees that he is dealing with a


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  man of determination, and he warms to his task. He bends low and whispers into the prostrate ear: "You've got a good many grey hairs coming in; better let me give you an application of Hairocene, only cost you half a dollar?" "No." "Your face," he whispers again, with a soft, caressing voice, "is all covered with wrinkles; better let me rub some of this Rejuvenator into the face."

This process is continued until one of two things happens. Either the customer is obdurate, and staggers to his feet at last and gropes his way out of the shop with the knowledge that he is a wrinkled, prematurely senile man, whose wicked life is stamped upon his face, and whose unstopped hair-ends and failing follicles menace him with the certainty of complete baldness within twenty-four hours—or else, as in nearly all instances, he succumbs. In the latter case, immediately on his saying "yes" there is a shout of exultation from the barber, a roar of steaming water, and within a moment two barbers have grabbed him by the feet and thrown him under the tap, and, in spite of his struggles, are giving him the Hydro-magnetic treatment. When he emerges from their hands,


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  he steps out of the shop looking as if he had been varnished.

But even the application of the Hydro-magnetic and the Rejuvenator do not by any means exhaust the resources of the up-to-date barber. He prefers to perform on the customer a whole variety of subsidiary services not directly connected with shaving, but carried on during the process of the shave.

In a good, up-to-date shop, while one man is shaving the customer, others black his boots; brush his clothes, darn his socks, point his nails, enamel his teeth, polish his eyes, and alter the shape of any of his joints which they think unsightly. During this operation they often stand seven or eight deep round a customer, fighting for a chance to get at him.

All of these remarks apply to barber-shops in the city, and not to country places. In the country there is only one barber and one customer at a time. The thing assumes the aspect of a straight-out, rough-and-tumble, catch-as-catch-can fight, with a few spectators sitting round the shop to see fair play. In the city they can shave a man without removing any of his clothes. But in the


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  country, where the customer insists on getting the full value for his money, they remove the collar and necktie, the coat and the waistcoat, and, for a really good shave and hair-cut, the customer is stripped to the waist. The barber can then take a rush at him from the other side of the room, and drive the clippers up the full length of the spine, so as to come at the heavier hair on the back of the head with the impact of a lawn-mower driven into long grass.


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Talk:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Geysers

A bit of machine transcription gone wrong
Surely "Whakarewarewa, near Lake Loto Rua", should read "Whakarewarewa, near Lake Rotorua", 91.85.45.143 20:21, 30 January 2024 (UTC)

 * You would think so, however that's what the text on the printed page says, so we need to leave it as it is. Beeswaxcandle (talk) 05:29, 31 January 2024 (UTC)


title: User:ShakespeareFan00/Sandbox/sandbox4


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Page:Alumni Oxonienses (1500-1714) volume 4.djvu/14

 Sabery, Charles, pleb. , matric. 13 Nov., 1671, aged 16, B.A. 1675; rector of Whitchurch St. Dubritius, co. Hereford, 1679, vicar of Tenbury, co. Worcester, 1694; father of the next. See Foster's Index Eccl.  Sabery, Thomas, s. Charles, of Hereford (city), cler. ., matric. 21 March, 1703-4, aged 18: vicar of North Shoebury, and of Sbopland, Essex, 1711. See Foster's Index Eccl.  Sabine, (Sir) John, arm. fil. , matric. 21 March. 1658-9, bar.-at-law, Lincoln's Inn 1664 (as son and heir of John, of Beakesbourne, Kent, esq.); licenced 24 July, 1665, to marry Elizabeth, daughter of William Allen, of Eyne in the parish of Gravenhurst, Beds, spinster; knighted 22 March, 1670-1. See Foster's Judges and Barristers.  Sabin, Richard, s. Alured, of Canterbury, Kent, gent. , matric. 27 March, 1640, aged 15.  Sabridge, Anton 1601, see.  [5]

Sabsford, John (Sabbysforde), fellow ., 1518, B.C.L. 21 July, 1521.  Sachell, John; B.A. from ., Cambridge, 1663-4, M.A. 1667; incorporated 13 July, 1669.  Sachell, Nicbolas, of 1601. See.

Sacheverall, Ambrose, of co. Leicester, pleb. ., matric. entry 24 Nov., 1581, aged 11 (s. Henry), B.C.L. 12 April, 1596; canon of Chichester 1604, rector of Radclilfe, Bucks, 1608, and of Tadmarton, Oxon, 1615; said to have died in 1645, aged 82; father of Erasmus and James. See Foster's Index Ecclesiasticus.

Sacheverell, Clarence, of co. Leicester, arm. fil. (3). ., matric. 8 June, 1621, aged 21 (subscribes "Clare,") B.A. 11 June, 1621; (3s. Francis, of Reresby), rector of Rearsby, Leicester 1636, as Clare. See Foster's Index Eccl.
 [10]

Sacheverell, Erasmus, s. Ambrose, of Tadmorton, Oxon, sacerd. ., matric. 17 Nov., 1637, aged 17; B.A. 16 May, 1641; admon. at Oxford 2 Aug., 1647, brother of James.

Sacheverell, Ferdinando, of co. Derby, arm. ., matric. 31 May, 1616, aged 16; student of Gray's Inn 1618 (as s. Henry, of Hopewell, co. Derby, Esq.); died 10 Jan., 1628-9; natural brother of Jacinth. See Foster's Gray's Inn Reg.

Sacheverell, George, arm. ., matric. 6 June, 1651; of New Hall. co. Warwick, and of Callow, co. Derby, high sheriff 1709, student of Gray's Inn 1652 (as son and heir of Valens, of Sutton Coldfield, co. Warwick, esq.); died 1715. See Foster's Gray's Inn Reg.

Sacheverell, Henry; B.A. from. supd. 16 Nov., 1568; student of Gray's Inn 1568. See Foster's Gray's Inn Reg.

Sacheverell, Henry, s. William, of Barton, Notts, gent. , matric. 23 Nov., 1632, aged 16; of Barton and Morley, died 16 Sept., 1662.
 [15]

Sacheverell, Henry, s. James, of Morley, co. Derby, arm. , matric. 13 March, 1634-5, aged 16; of Morley; perhaps son of Jacinth.

Sacheverell, Henry, s. Josuah, of Marlborough, Wilts, cler. ., matric. 28 Aug., 1689, aged 15; demy 1689-1701, B.A. 1693, M.A. 1696, fellow 1701-13. B.D. 4 Feb., 1707-8, D.D. 1708; incorporated at Cambridge 1714, vicar of Cannock, co. Stafford, preacher at St. Saviour's, Southwark, 1705, and preached his famous sermons at Derby and St. Paul's in 1709, for which he was impeached by the house of commons, rector of Selattyn, Salop, 1710-13, rector of St. Andrew's, Holborn, 1713, until his death at Highgate 5 June, 1724. See Ath. iv. 603; Rawl. i. 19, iii. 272, xi. 139, and xxi. 94; Bloxam, vi. 98; Foster's Index Eccl.; Thomas, 669; & Cates' ''Biograph. Dictionary''.

Sacheverill, Jacinth, or Hyacinth, of co. Derby, arm. ., matric (18 Jan.?) 1593-4, aged 17; of Morley, co. Derby (s. Henry, of Morley), high sheriff 1622, died 22 Jan., 1656, aged 79; perhaps father of Henry 1635.

Sacheverell, James, cler. fil. ., matric. 15 May, 1652; rector and vicar of Witchingham St. Mary, Norfolk, 1670; brother of Erasmus. See Foster's Index Eccl.

Sacheverell, John. s. John, of East Stoke, Dorset, sacerd. , matric. 1 Feb., 1632-3, aged 18, B.A. 3 July, 1636; rector of Langton Matravers, Dorset, 1646, and of Rimpton, Somerset, 1653 (his father, formerly Cheverell, rector of East Stoke 1614, son of John Cheverell, of Buckland, Dorset); served the cure or donative of Wincanton, silenced 1662, died in Dorchester gaol; brother of Timothy and grandfalher of Henry 1689. See Foster's Index Eccl.; & Calamy, iii. 222.
 [20]

Sacheverell, Nathaniel, s. Joh., of Stalbridge, Dorset, cler. ., matric. 6 May, 1687, aged 20.

Sacheverell, Patrick; B.A. from. 15 Dec., 1553; student of Gray's Inn 1556; perhaps 3rd son of William, of Staunton, co. Derby. See Foster's Gray's Inn Reg.

Sacheverell, Philologus, cler. fil. . subscribed 10 March, 1656-7; vicar of Eastwood, Essex, 1658, great-uncle to Dr. Henry Sacheverell, "the high-flying churchman." See Calamy, ii. 199; & Foster's Index Eccl.
 [ 1297 ]


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you ever had a man try to explain to you what happened in a book as far as he has read? It is a most instructive thing. Sinclair, the man who shares my rooms with me, made such an attempt the other night. I had come in cold and tired from a walk and found him full of excitement, with a bulky magazine in one hand and a paper-cutter gripped in the other.

"Say, here's a grand story," he burst out as soon as I came in; "it's great! most fascinating thing I ever read. Wait till I read you some of it. I'll just tell you what has happened up to where I am—you'll easily catch the thread of it—and then we'll finish it together."

I wasn't feeling in a very responsive mood, but I saw no way to stop him, so I merely said, "All right, throw me your thread, I'll catch it."

"Well," Sinclair began with great animation, "this count gets this letter


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  "Hold on," I interrupted, "what count gets what letter?"

"Oh, the count it's about, you know. He gets this letter from this Porphirio

"From which Porphirio?"

"Why, Porphirio sent the letter, don't you see, he sent it," Sinclair exclaimed a little impatiently—"sent it through Demonio and told him to watch for him with him, and kill him when he got him."

"Oh, see here!" I broke in, "who is to meet who, and who is to get stabbed?"

"They're going to stab Demonio."

"And who brought the letter?"

"Demonio."

"Well, now, Demonio must be a clam! What did he bring it for?"

"Oh, but he don't know what's in it, that's just the slick part of it," and Sinclair began to snigger to himself at the thought of it. "You see, this Carlo Carlotti the Condottiere

"Stop right there," I said. "What's a Condottiere?"

"It's a sort of brigand. He, you understand, was in league with this Fra Fraliccolo


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  A suspicion flashed across my mind. "Look here," I said firmly, "if the scene of this story is laid in the Highlands, I refuse to listen to it. Call it off."

"No, no," Sinclair answered quickly, "that's all right. It's laid in Italy time of Pius the something. He comes in—say, but he's great! so darned crafty. It's him, you know, that persuades this Franciscan

"Pause," I said, "what Franciscan?"

"Fra Fraliccolo, of course," Sinclair said snappishly. "You see, Pio tries to

"Whoa!" I said, "who is Pio?"

"Oh, hang it all, Pio is Italian, it's short for Pius. He tries to get Fra Fraliccolo and Carlo Carlotti the Condottiere to steal the document from let me see; what was he called Oh, yes  from the Dog of Venice, so that  or  no, hang it, you put me out, that's all wrong. It's the other way round. Pio wasn't clever at all; he's a regular darned fool. It's the Dog that's crafty. By Jove, he's fine," Sinclair went on; warming up to enthusiasm again, "he just does anything he wants. He makes this Demonio (Demonio is one of those hirelings, you know, he's the tool of the Dog)


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  makes him steal the document off Porphirio, and

"But how does he get him to do that?" I asked.

"Oh, the Dog has Demonio pretty well under his thumb, so he makes Demonio scheme round till he gets old Pio—er—gets him under his thumb, and then, of course, Pio thinks that Porphirio—I mean he thinks that he has Porphirio—er—has him under his thumb."

"Half a minute, Sinclair," I said, "who did you say was under the Dog's thumb?"

"Demonio."

"Thanks. I was mixed in the thumbs. Go on."

"Well, just when things are like this

"Like what?"

"Like I said."

"All right."

"Who should turn up and thwart the whole scheme, but this Signorina Tarara in her domino

"Hully Gee!" I said, "you make my head ache. What the deuce does she come in her domino for?"

"Why, to thwart it."


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  "To thwart what?"

"Thwart the whole darned thing," Sinclair exclaimed emphatically.

"But can't she thwart it without her domino?"

"I should think not! You see, if it hadn't been for the domino, the Dog would have spotted her quick as a wink. Only when he sees her in the domino with this rose in her hair, he thinks she must be Lucia dell' Esterolla."

"Say, he fools himself, doesn't he? Who's this last girl?"

"Lucia? Oh, she's great!" Sinclair said. "She's one of those Southern natures, you know, full of—er—full of

"Full of fun," I suggested.

"Oh, hang it all, don't make fun of it! Well, anyhow, she's sister, you understand, to the Contessa Carantarata, and that's why Fra Fraliccolo, or hold on, that's not it, no, no, she's not sister to anybody. She's cousin, that's it; or, anyway, she thinks she is cousin to Fra Fraliccolo himself, and that's why Pio tries to stab Fra Fraliccolo."

"Oh, yes," I assented, "naturally he would."


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  "Ah," Sinclair said hopefully, getting his paper-cutter ready to cut the next pages, "you begin to get the thread now, don't you?"

"Oh, fine!" I said. "The people in it are the Dog and Pio, and Carlo Carlotti the Condottiere, and those others that we spoke of."

"That's right," Sinclair said. "Of course, there are more still that I can tell you about if

"Oh, never mind," I said, "I'll work along with those, they're a pretty representative crowd. Then Porphirio is under Pio's thumb, and Pio is under Demonio's thumb, and the Dog is crafty, and Lucia is full of something all the time. Oh, I've got a mighty clear idea of it," I concluded bitterly.

"Oh, you've got it," Sinclair said, "I knew you'd like it. Now we'll go on. I'll just finish to the bottom of my page and then I'll go on aloud."

He ran his eyes rapidly over the lines till he came to the bottom of the page, then he cut the leaves and turned over. I saw his eye rest on the half-dozen lines that confronted him on the next page with an expression of utter consternation.


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  "Well, I will be cursed!" he said at length.

"What's the matter?" I said gently, with a great joy at my heart.

"This infernal thing's a serial," he gasped, as he pointed at the words, "To be continued," "and that's all there is in this number."


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Page:4SIGHT manual- a computer program for modelling degradation of underground low level waste concrete vaults (IA 4sightmanualcomp5612snyd).pdf/95

 14. USER DEFINED DATA STRUCTURES

14. User defined data structures.

These are constructed datatypes used by 4SIGHT. Two fundamental types are real and boolean. Using real lets the programmer easily change between float and double data types for real numbers.

The boolean types are defined {FALSE, TRUE} because Borland assigns the first entry the number 0. Variables defined as boolean can be used in a conditional statement as if(myboolvar) without direct comparison to FALSE or TRUE.

⟨User defined data types 14⟩ $$\equiv$$ typedef double real; typedef enum { FALSE, TRUE } boolean;

See also sections 15, 16, and 17.

This code is used in section 2.

15. The ION data type contains all important information about a singleion. This information includes:

c[]: concentration at each computational cell surface.

$$\eta$$: the ratio $$D_{fi}/D_0$$ for each ion.

$$D_f$$: free ion diffusivity.

valence : the valence of the ion.

output-flag: a flag to denote whether the final ion concentration, as a function of distance, is printed in system. out.

name []: the ASCII name of the ion.

⟨User defined data types 14⟩ $$+\equiv$$ typedef struct { real c[NUM_SURFACES];    /* concentration at each surface */ real moles [NUM_SURFACES];    /* moles ion in solution */ real $$\eta$$;    /* Dfi/Do */ real $$D_f$$;  /* ion free diffusivity */ real valence;    /* ion valence */ boolean output-flag;   /* print to system. out? char name [5];   /* ASCII name of ion */ } ION;

16. The SOLARRAY data type contains the solubility products and stiochiometric ratios for each anion-cation combination. The salt is $$C_m A_n $$ where $$C$$ represents the cation, and $$A$$ the anion. The quantity of solid is defined on the cell surfaces.

⟨(User defined data types 14)⟩ +\equiv<\math> typedef struct { real s[NUM_SURFACES;    /* moles solid salt in element */ real ksp;   /* salt solubility constant */ real m;     /* stiochiometric cation factor */ real n;     /* stiochiometric anion factor */ real molar-density;     /* cm 2 /mole */ boolean output.flaq:    /* print salt to system.out? */  } SOLARRAY;


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14. 17. The MATERIAL datatype is used for any material property that can be specified by the user. It carries a flag to denote whether the value is the default one, or the one specified by the user.

⟨User defined data types14⟩ $$+\equiv$$ typedef struct { real value; boolean is_default; } MATERIAL;


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 to rest, without calling for a candle, every body being gone to bed, when I heard gentle steps before my door: I started up, and the steps advanced nearer and nearer: Now they seemed to retreat, and silence reigned around a while."

"I listened with eager expectation, and, at once heard again the sound of fearful steps, and somebody moving the latch of my door, which now was opened slowly and shut again. I was just going to see what these strange proceedings meant, when a white figure entered my apartment.

"Who art thou?" exclaimed I, with a furious voice, seizing the phantom with a powerful hand.

"Jesu Maria!" groaned the apparition, "for God's sake be quiet."

"Methought I knew the voice, and, asking again who it was that dared to disturb my


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112 NOTTINGHAM LITERARY AND PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY, NATURAL SCIENCE SECTION—March 13th.—A paper was read by Mr. G. B. Rothera, on "The Physiography of the Yorkshire Coast," illustrated by maps and sections. March 20th.—Microscopical evening. The Rev. G. E. C. Casey, M.A., F.G.S., introduced the subject of "The Epidermal Appendages of Plants." March 27th—A paper on "Rotifera," part of which appears in our current number, was read by Mr. E. B. Smith, M.A.

NOTTINGHAM NATURALISTS' SOCIETY.—February 20th.—A paper on "A Feather" was read by Mr. Blandy. February 23th —The Annual Soiree was held at the Mechanics' Large Hall, There was a very large attendance. Several societies in the Union were represented, There was a good display of microscopes and other objects, including local collections of shells, rocks, birds' eggs and nests, butterflies and moths, &c. At 9:45 Mr. A. H. Simpson exhibited, by means of the oxy-hydrogen microscope, a series of photographs for the lantern. Amongst others was one of the cover of the "Midland Naturalist." Altogether it was a most successful evening, March 6th—"Life History of a Butterfly," by Mr. C. T. Musson. March 18th.—Microscopical evening, "Insects."

RUGBY SCHOOL NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY.—February 23rd.—The President read portions of the Meteorological Report. The rainfall of the year was 28.72in., being less than 1876 by l.9in. Rain fell on 195 days. Papers were read as under:—By Mr. G. Jones on "The Rise, Progress, and Fall of Gothic Ecclesiastical Architecture in England;" by Mr. H. J. Else, on “Campanalogy;’ and by Mr. Percy Smith, on "Mushrooms," in the course of which he described the various edible and poisonous kinds. Mr. Bloxam exhibited two Roman urns and bones found by Mr. E. A. Bird, at Soreham, Cambridgeshire, and described the ancient British, Roman, and Saxon modes of burial. Numerous specimens were exhibited. March 16th.—Mr. M. H. Bloxam, F.S.A., read a paper, full of interest, on "Rugby School Close." Among the exhibits at this meeting were some beautiful specimens of arborescent copper ore.

STROUD NATURAL HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY—March 12th.—The Rev. W. Farren White, M.A., read a most interesting and elaborate paper on "The Slave-making Ant," (Formica sanguinea,) illustrated by diagrams and specimens, and a living colony of the species of ants forming the subject of the paper. There was a large attendance.

TAMWORTH NATURAL HISTORY, GEOLOGICAL, AND ANTIQUARIAN SOCIETY.—February 18th.—Mr. F. A. Grayston read a paper on "The Correlation of the Leicestershire, Warwickshire, South Staffordshire, and Shropshire Coalfields." He showed that they were portions of one extensive formation, and gave if as his opinion that probably large deposits of coal and ironstone existed beneath the Permian and Triassic rocks, which, on the surface, separate the coalfields. In support of this view Mr. Grayston stated that the 7ft. coal of that district, and also the strata between that seam and the "Smitby" coal, could be identified in each of the other three coalfields, and that there were many reasons for assuming that the thick coal of South Staffordshire was represented in Leicestershire, Warwickshire, and Shropshire, by the numerous thin seams of coal found there in the upper part of the coal measure series. Several plans and diagrams in illustration of the subject were exhibited. March 4th—Mr. , M.P., gave a description of his ride through Asiatic Turkey to India, in the course of which much interesting information was given, Mr. Hanbury exhibited a, found near , and presented to him by some monks. It is supposed to be the oldest sword in the world. An inscription, in cuneiform characters, cut deeply on the blade, has been translated thus:—"Palace of Vulnirari, King of Nations, son of Pudil, King of Assyria, son of Belnirari, King of Assyria also." Vulnirari reigned between 1390—1350 B.C., and 600 years before David and Solomon. Mr. Hanbury also exhibited several tracings of inscriptions from the walls and stones in many interesting places visited by him on his journey.


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18. GLOBAL VARIABLES 18. Global variables.

Most of these are variables that will be changed by the input file. The listing is broken into major groups: material parameters, scaling parameters, etc.

19. Transport parameters. These are the parameters defined at each element that determine the rate of transport. These include the inverse formation factor $$\xi$$, pressure $$\Psi$$, and the porosity $$\phi$$.

⟨Global variables 4⟩$$+\equiv$$ real $$\xi$$[NUM_CELLS];   /* changing formation factor */ real $$\xi'$$[NUM_SURFACES];    /* changing formation factor at the surface */ real $$\Psi$$[NUH.SURFACES];     /* Pressure */ real $$\phi^n$$[NUM_CELLS];    /* current porosity */ real $$\phi'^n$$[NUM_SURFACES];   /* porosity at the surface */ real $$\phi'^{n-1}$$[NUM_SURFACES];    /* previous porosity at concentration */ real litre[NUM_SURFACES];    /* litres of solution (surface area)*/ real strength [NUM_SURFACES];    /* strength in psi */ int FIRST_CELL = 0;    /* first active cell  number */

20. User specified parameters. These parameters determine the ultimate properties of the sample. Although default values are given, user specified values will override these values.

⟨Global variables 4⟩ $$+\equiv$$ MATERIAL thickness = {1.0,TRUE};     /* roof thickness */ MATERIAL neutral-axis.depth = {0.75, TRUE};    /* depth of neutral axis */ MATERIAL $$k_\infty$$ = {2.5- 10E-18,TRUE};    /* ultimate permeability */ MATERIAL $$d_\infty$$ = {5.7 10E-12,TRUE};    /* ultimate diffusivity */ MATERIAL head = {5.0, TRUE};    /* external pressure head */ MATERIAL wc = {0.45, TRUE};    /* water:cement */ MATERIAL Youngs = {20.0E-06,TRUE};    /* Young’s modulus */ MATERIAL $$\beta$$ = {$$1.8\cdot10^{-06}$$, TRUE};    /* linear strain coefficient */ MATERIAL CE = {350., TRUE};    /* conc. sulfate as ettringite */ MATERIAL roughness = {1.0, TRUE};    /* roughness factor */ MATERIAL $$\gamma$$ = {10.0,TRUE};    /* fracture surface energy */ MATERIAL $$\nu$$ = {0.2,TRUE};    /* Poisson ration */

21. Scaling parameters.

⟨Global variables 4⟩ $$+\equiv$$ real $$L$$ = 0.010;  /* length of ELEMENTS so that ΔX = 1 * / real $$D_0$$ = $$1.0\cdot10^{-11}$$;      /* scaling diffusivity */ real $$k_0$$ = $$1.0\cdot10^{-18}$$;      /* scaling permeability */ real $$\Delta{T}$$ =1.0;       /* dimensionless time increment */ real $$\Delta{X}$$[NUM_SURFACES];      /* dimensionless length between each cell */


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73. OUTPUT } else { printf ("%6.3lf \t", v[NUM_CELLS-1]); } printf ("%6 4lf \t", $$\xi'$$[k]); printf ("%6.3lf \t", ($$\phi'^n$$[k]); printf ("%6.3lf \t", 14.0 + log10 {anion[0].c[k])); printf ("%6.0lf \t", strength[k] * (log($$\phi'^n$$[k])/log ($$\phi$$))); for (i = 0; i < num.cations; i++) if {cation[i]. output-flag = TRUE) printf("%6.4lf \t", cation[i].c[k]); for (j = 0; j < num.anions; j++)  if (anion[j]. utput-flag = TRUE) printf("%6.4lf \t", anion [i].c[k]); for (i = 0; i < num.cations; i++)  for (i = 0; i < num.anions; i++)    if (sol_array[i][j].outpute_flag==TRUE) printf("%6.3lf \t", sol_array[i].[j].s[k]); printf("\n"); } elapsed_time = biostime (GET_TIME,0L)- elapsed_time; printf("\Elapsed time (sec):\"\t%6.lf \n",elapsed_time/CLK_TCK);

This code is used in sections 2, 24 and 26.


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was no check as yet in Cicero's career. It had been a steady course of fame and success, honestly earned and well deserved; and it was soon to culminate in that great civil triumph which earned for him the proud title of Pater Patriæ—the Father of his Country. It was a phrase which the orator himself had invented; and it is possible that, with all his natural self-complacency, he might have felt a little uncomfortable under the compliment, when he remembered on whom he had originally bestowed it—upon that Caius Marius, whose death in his bed at a good old age, after being seven times consul, he afterwards uses as an argument, in the mouth of one of his imaginary disputants, against the existence of an overruling Providence. In the prime of his manhood he reached the great object of a Roman's ambition—he became virtually Prime Minister of the republic: for he was elected, by acclamation rather than by vote, the first of the two consuls for the year, and his colleague, Caius Antonius (who had beaten the third candidate, the notorious

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Rh vanished ruins they are. Christ visited Magdala, which is near by Capernaum, and he also visited Cesarea Philippi. He went up to his old home at Nazareth, and saw his brothers Joses, and Judas, and James, and Simon—those persons who, being own brothers to Jesus Christ, one would expect to hear mentioned sometimes, yet who ever saw their names in a newspaper or heard them from a pulpit? Who ever inquires what manner of youths they were; and whether they slept with Jesus, played with him and romped about him; quarreled with him concerning toys and trifles; struck him in anger, not suspecting what he was? Who ever wonders what they thought when they saw him come back to Nazareth a celebrity, and looked long at his unfamiliar face to make sure, and then said, “It is Jesus?” Who wonders what passed in their minds when they saw this brother, (who was only a brother to them, however much he might be to others a mysterious stranger who was a god and had stood face to face with God above the clouds,) doing strange miracles with crowds of astonished people for witnesses? Who wonders if the brothers of Jesus asked him to come home with them, and said his mother and his sisters were grieved at his long absence, and would be wild with delight to see his face again? Who ever gives a thought to the sisters of Jesus at all?—yet he had sisters; and memories of them must have stolen into his mind often when he was ill-treated among strangers; when he was homeless and said he had not where to lay his head; when all deserted him, even Peter, and he stood alone among his enemies.

Christ did few miracles in Nazareth, and staid but a little while. The people said, “This the Son of God! Why, his father is nothing but a carpenter. We know the family. We see them every day. Are not his brothers named so and so, and his sisters so and so, and is not his mother the person they call Mary? This is absurd.” He did not curse his home, but he shook its dust from his feet and went away.

Capernaum lies close to the edge of the little sea, in a small plain some five miles long and a mile or two wide, which is mildly adorned with oleanders which look all the better con-


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502 trasted with the bald hills and the howling deserts which surround them, but they are not as deliriously beautiful as the books paint them. If one be calm and resolute he can look upon their comeliness and live.

One of the most astonishing things that have yet fallen under our observation is the exceedingly small portion of the earth from which sprang the now flourishing plant of Christianity. The longest journey our Saviour ever performed was from here to Jerusalem—about one hundred to one hundred and twenty miles. The next longest was from here to Sidon—say about sixty or seventy miles. Instead of being wide apart—as American appreciation of distances would naturally suggest—the places made most particularly celebrated by the presence of Christ are nearly all right here in full view, and within cannon-shot of Capernaum. Leaving out two or three short journeys of the Saviour, he spent his life, preached his gospel, and performed his miracles within a compass no larger than an ordinary county in the United States. It is as much as I can do to comprehend this stupefying fact. How it wears a man out to have to read up a hundred pages of history every two or three miles—for verily the celebrated localities of Palestine occur that close together. How wearily, how bewilderingly they swarm about your path!

In due time we reached the ancient village of Magdala.


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AGDALA is not a beautiful place. It is thoroughly Syrian, and that is to say that it is thoroughly ugly, and cramped, squalid, uncomfortable, and filthy—just the style of cities that have adorned the country since Adam’s time, as all writers have labored hard to prove, and have succeeded. The streets of Magdala are any where from three to six feet wide, and reeking with uncleanliness. The houses are from five to seven feet high, and all built upon one arbitrary plan—the ungraceful form of a dry-goods box. The sides are daubed with a smooth white plaster, and tastefully frescoed aloft and alow with disks of camel-dung placed there to dry. This gives the edifice the romantic appearance of having been riddled with cannon-balls, and imparts to it a very warlike aspect. When the artist has arranged his materials with an eye to just proportion—the small and the large flakes in alternate rows, and separated by carefully-considered intervals—I know of nothing more cheerful to look upon than a spirited Syrian fresco. The flat, plastered roof is garnished by picturesque stacks of fresco materials, which, having become thoroughly dried and cured, are placed there where it will be convenient. It is used for fuel. There is no timber of any consequence in Palestine—none at all to waste upon fires—and neither are there any mines of coal. If my description has been intelligible, you will perceive, now, that a square, flat-roofed hovel, neatly frescoed, with its wall-tops gallantly bastioned and turreted with dried camel-refuse, gives to a landscape a feature that is exceedingly festive and picturesque, especially if one is


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504 careful to remember to stick in a cat wherever, about the premises, there is room for a cat to sit. There are no windows to a Syrian hut, and no chimneys. When I used to read that they let a bed-ridden man down through the roof of a house in Capernaum to get him into the presence of the Saviour, I generally had a three-story brick in my mind, and marveled that they did not break his neck with the strange experiment. I perceive now, however, that they might have taken him by the heels and thrown him clear over the house without discommoding him very much. Palestine is not changed any since those days, in manners, customs, architecture, or people.

As we rode into Magdala not a soul was visible. But the ring of the horses’ hoofs roused the stupid population, and they all came trooping out—old men and old women, boys and girls, the blind, the crazy, and the crippled, all in ragged, soiled and scanty raiment, and all abject beggars by nature, instinct and education. How the vermin-tortured vagabonds did swarm! How they showed their scars and sores, and piteously pointed to their maimed and crooked limbs, and begged with their pleading eyes for charity! We had invoked a spirit we could not lay. They hung to the horses’s tails, clung to their manes and the stirrups, closed in on every side in scorn of dangerous hoofs—and out of their infidel throats, with one accord, burst an agonizing and most infernal chorus: “How-


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Rh ajji, bucksheesh! howajji, bucksheesh! howajji, bucksheesh! bucksheesh! bucksheesh!” I never was in a storm like that before.

As we paid the bucksheesh out to sore-eyed children and brown, buxom girls with repulsively tattooed lips and chins, we filed through the town and by many an exquisite fresco, till we came to a bramble-infested inclosure and a Roman-looking ruin which had been the veritable dwelling of St. Mary Magdalene, the friend and follower of Jesus. The guide believed it, and so did I. I could not well do otherwise, with the house right there before my eyes as plain as day. The pilgrims took down portions of the front wall for specimens, as is their honored custom, and then we departed.

We are camped in this place, now, just within the city walls of Tiberias. We went into the town before nightfall and looked at its people—we cared nothing about its houses. Its people are best examined at a distance. They are particularly uncomely Jews, Arabs, and negroes. Squalor and poverty are the pride of Tiberias. The young women wear their dower strung upon a strong wire that curves downward from the top of the head to the jaw—Turkish silver coins which they have raked together or inherited. Most of these maidens were not wealthy, but some few had been very kindly dealt with by fortune. I saw heiresses there worth, in their own right—worth, well, I suppose I might venture to say, as much as nine dollars and a half. But such cases are rare. When you come across one of these, she naturally puts on airs. She will not ask for bucksheesh. She will not even permit of undue familiarity. She assumes a crushing dignity and goes on serenely practicing with her fine-tooth comb. and quoting poetry just the same as if you were not present at all. Some people can not stand prosperity.

They say that the long-nosed, lanky, dyspeptic-looking body-snatchers, with the indescribable hats on, and a long curl dangling down in front of each ear, are the old, familiar, self-righteous Pharisees we read of in the Scriptures. Verily, they look it. Judging merely by their general style, and without


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506 other evidence, one might easily suspect that self-righteousness was their specialty.

From various authorities I have culled information concerning Tiberias. It was built by Herod Antipas, the murderer of John the Baptist, and named after the Emperor Tiberius. It is believed that it stands upon the site of what must have been, ages ago, a city of considerable architectural pretensions, judging by the fine porphyry pillars that are scattered through Tiberias and down the lake shore southward. These were fluted, once, and yet, although the stone is about as hard as iron, the flutings are almost worn away. These pillars are small, and doubtless the edifices they adorned were distinguished more for elegance than grandeur. This modern town—Tiberias—is only mentioned in the New Testament; never in the Old.

The Sanhedrim met here last, and for three hundred years


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Rh Catiline, by a few votes only) was a man who valued his office chiefly for its opportunities of peculation, and whom Cicero knew how to manage. It is true that this high dignity—so jealous were the old republican principles of individual power—would last only for a year; but that year was to be a most eventful one, both for Cicero and for Rome. The terrible days of Marius and Sylla had passed, only to leave behind a taste for blood and licence amongst the corrupt aristocracy and turbulent commons. There were men amongst the younger nobles quite ready to risk their lives in the struggle for absolute power; and the mob was ready to follow whatever leader was bold enough to bid highest for their support.

It is impossible here to do much more than glance at the well-known story of Catiline's conspiracy. It was the attempt of an able and desperate man to make himself and his partisans masters of Rome by a bloody revolution. Catiline was a member of a noble but impoverished family, who had borne arms under Sylla, and had served an early apprenticeship in bloodshed under that unscrupulous leader. Cicero has described his character in terms which probably are not unfair, because the portrait was drawn by him, in the course of his defence of a young friend who had been too much connected with Catiline, for the distinct purpose of showing the popular qualities which had dazzled and attracted so many of the youth of Rome.

"He had about him very many of, I can hardly say the visible tokens, but the adumbrations of the highest qualities. There was in his character that

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Rh Tiberias was the metropolis of the Jews in Palestine. It is one of the four holy cities of the Israelites, and is to them what Mecca is to the Mohammedan and Jerusalem to the Christian. It has been the abiding place of many learned and famous Jewish rabbins. They lie buried here, and near them lie also twenty-five thousand of their faith who traveled far to be near them while they lived and lie with them when they died. The great Rabbi Ben Israel spent three years here in the early part of the third century. He is dead, now.

The celebrated Sea of Galilee is not so large a sea as Lake Tahoe by a good deal—it is just about two-thirds as large. And when we come to speak of beauty, this sea is no more to be compared to Tahoe than a meridian of longitude is to a rainbow. The dim waters of this pool can not suggest the lim- pid brilliancy of Tahoe; these low, shaven, yellow hillocks of rocks and sand, so devoid of perspective, can not suggest the grand peaks that compass Tahoe like a wall, and whose ribbed and chasmed fronts are clad with stately pines that seem to grow small and smaller as they climb, till one might fancy them reduced to weeds and shrubs far upward, where they join the everlasting snows. Silence and solitude brood over Tahoe; and silence and solitude brood also over this lake of Genessa- ret. But the solitude of the one is as cheerful and fascinating as the solitude of the other is dismal and repellant.

In the early morning one watches the silent battle of dawn and darkness upon the waters of Tahoe with a placid interest; but when the shadows sulk away and one by one the hidden beauties of the shore unfold themselves in the full splendor of noon; when the still surface is belted like a rainbow with broad bars of blue and green and white, half the distance from circumference to centre; when, in the lazy summer afternoon, he lies in a boat, far cut to where the dead blue of the deep water begins, and smokes the pipe of peace and idly winks at the


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508 distant crags and patches of snow from under his cap-brim; when the boat drifts shoreward to the white water, and he lolls over the gunwale and gazes by the hour down through the crystal depths and notes the colors of the pebbles and reviews the finny armies gliding in procession a hundred feet below; when at night he sees moon and stars, mountain ridges feathered with pines, jutting white capes, bold promontories, grand sweeps of rugged scenery topped with bald, glimmering peaks, all magnificently pictured in the polished mirror of the lake, in richest, softest detail, the tranquil interest that was born with the morning deepens and deepens, by sure degrees, till it culminates at last in resistless fascination!

It is solitude, for birds and squirrels on the shore and fishes in the water are all the creatures that are near to make it otherwise, but it is not the sort of solitude to make one dreary. Come to Galilee for that. If these unpeopled deserts, these rusty mounds of barrenness, that never, never, never do shake the glare from their harsh outlines, and fade and faint into vague perspective; that melancholy ruin of Capernaum; this stupid village of Tiberias, slumbering under its six funereal plumes of palms; yonder desolate declivity where the swine of the miracle ran down into the sea, and doubtless thought it was better to swallow a devil or two and get drowned into the bargain than have to live longer in such a place; this cloudless, blistering sky; this solemn, sailless, tintless lake, reposing within its rim of yellow hills and low, steep banks, and looking just as expressionless and unpoetical (when we leave its sublime history out of the question,) as any metropolitan reservoir in Christendom—if these things are not food for rock me to sleep, mother, none exist, I think.

But I should not offer the evidence for the prosecution and leave the defense unheard. Wm. C. Grimes deposes as follows:—

“We had taken ship to go over to the other side. The sea was not more than six miles wide, Of the beauty of the scene, however, I can not say enough, nor can I imagine where those travelers carried their eyes who have described the scenery of the lake as tame or uninteresting. The first great characteristic of it is


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32 which tempted him to indulge the worst passions, but also that which spurred him to energy and hard work. Licentious appetites burnt fiercely within him, but there was also a strong love of active military service. I believe that there never lived on earth such a monster of inconsistency,—such a compound of opposite tastes and passions brought into conflict with each other. Who at one time was a greater favourite with our most illustrious men? Who was a closer intimate with our very basest? Who could be more greedy of money than he was? Who could lavish it more profusely? There were these marvellous qualities in the man,—he made friends so universally, he retained them by his obliging ways, he was ready to share what he had with them all, to help them at their need with his money, his influence, his personal exertions—not stopping short of the most audacious crime, if there was need of it. He could change his very nature, and rule himself by circumstances, and turn and bend in any direction. He lived soberly with the serious, he was a boon companion with the gay; grave with the elders, merry with the young; reckless among the desperate, profligate with the depraved. With a nature so complex and many-sided, he not only collected round him wicked and desperate characters from all quarters of the world, but he also attracted many brave and good men by his simulation of virtue. It would have been impossible for him to have organised that atrocious attack upon the Commonwealth, unless that fierce outgrowth of depraved passions had rested on some under-stratum of agreeable qualities and powers of endurance."

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the deep basin in which it lies. This is from three to four hundred feet deep on all sides except at the lower end, and the sharp slope of the banks, which are all of the richest green, is broken and diversified by the wâdys and water-courses which work their way down through the sides of the basin, forming dark chasms or light sunny valleys. Near Tiberias these banks are rocky, and ancient sepulchres open in them, with their doors toward the water. They selected grand spots, as did the Egyptians of old, for burial places, as if they designed that when the voice of God should reach the sleepers, they should walk forth and open their eyes on scenes of glorious beauty. On the east, the wild and desolate mountains contrast finely with the deep blue lake; and toward the north, sublime and majestic, Hermon looks down on the sea, lifting his white crown to heaven with the pride of a hill that has seen the departing footsteps of a hundred generations. On the north-east shore of the sea was a single tree, and this is the only tree of any size visible from the water of the lake, except a few lonely palms in the city of Tiberias, and by its solitary position attracts more attention than would a forest. The whole appearance of the scene is precisely what we would expect and desire the scenery of Genessaret to be, grand beauty, but quiet calm, The very mountains are calm.”

It is an ingeniously written description, and well calculated to deceive. But if the paint and the ribbons and the flowers be stripped from it, a skeleton will be found beneath.

So stripped, there remains a lake six miles wide and neutral in color; with steep green banks, unrelieved by shrubbery; at one end bare, unsightly rocks, with (almost invisible) holes in them of no consequence to the picture; eastward, “wild and desolate mountains;” (low, desolate hills, he should have said;) in the north, a mountain called Hermon, with snow on it; peculiarity of the picture, “calmness;” its prominent feature, one tree.

No ingenuity could make such a picture beautiful—to one’s actual vision.

I claim the right to correct misstatements, and have so corrected the color of the water in the above recapitulation, The waters of Genessaret are of an exceedingly mild blue, even from a high elevation and a distance of five miles. Close at hand (the witness was sailing on the lake,) it is hardly proper to call them blue at all, much less “deep” blue. I wish to state, also, not as a correction, but as matter of opinion, that Mount Hermon is not a striking or picturesque mountain by any means, being too near the height of its immediate neigh-


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510 bors to be so. That is all. I do not object to the witness dragging a mountain forty-five miles to help the scenery under consideration, because it is entirely proper to do it, and besides, the picture needs it.

“C. W. E.,” (of “Life in the Holy Land,”) deposes as follows:—

“A beautiful sea lies unbosomed among the Galilean hills, in the midst of that land once possessed by Zebulon and Naphtali, Asher and Dan. The azure of the sky penetrates the depths of the lake, and the waters are sweet and cool. On the west, stretch broad fertile plains; on the north the rocky shores rise step by step until in the far distance tower the snowy heights of Hermon; on the east through a misty veil are seen the high plains of Perea, which stretch away in rugged mountains leading the mind by varied paths toward Jerusalem the Holy. Flowers bloom in this terrestrial paradise, once beautiful and verdant with waving trees; singing birds enchant the ear; the turtle-dove soothes with its soft note; the crested lark sends up its song toward heaven, and the grave and stately stork inspires the mind with thought, and leads it on to meditation and repose. Life here was once idyllic, charming: here were once no rich, no poor, no high, no low. It was a world of ease, simplicity, and beauty; now it is a scene of desolation and misery.”

This is not an ingenious picture. It is the worst I ever saw. It describes in elaborate detail what it terms a “terrestrial paradise,” and closes with the startling information that this paradise is “a scene of desolation and misery.”

I have given two fair, average specimens of the character of the testimony offered by the majority of the writers who visit this region. One says, “Of the beauty of the scene I can not say enough,” and then proceeds to cover up with a woof of glittering sentences a thing which, when stripped for inspection, proves to be only an unobtrusive basin of water, some mountainous desolation, and one tree. The other, after a conscientious effort to build a terrestrial paradise out of the same materials, with the addition of a “grave and stately stork,” spoils it all by blundering upon the ghastly truth at the last.

Nearly every book concerning Galilee and its lake describes the scenery as beautiful. No—not always so straightforward as that. Sometimes the impression intentionally conveyed is that it is beautiful, at the same time that the author is careful


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long as their enemy and his victim continued in sight, the multitude remained motionless, as being charmed to the place by some power that was friendly to the Huron; but the instant he disappeared, it became tossed and agitated by fierce and powerful passion. Uncas maintained his elevated stand, keeping his eyes on the form of Cora, until the colours of her dress were blended with the foliage of the forest; when he descended, and moving silently through the throng, he disappeared in that lodge, from which he had so recently issued. A few of the graver and more attentive


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 them to herself, but soon gave it up as useless. She thought: "Here I am; I see it; you don't need to tell me about it!" And then she realized that she was alone, knowing in her own mind what it was like, yet unable to stop wishing that she could describe the hollow, ringing sound. Was she becoming homesick? No! it was sheer delight.

For a moment she paused. Then she bounded through the yellow sand, and, ever going faster and faster, she came to the edge of her sea. Her longing had been fulfilled.

This beach was almost overhung at one end by a great shelf of rock. The sand was glistening with shells of all colours and bordered with sea-weeds washed up. Tiny sand-pipers' tracks ran all over it. Eepersip stayed there a long time, gazing into the waves, gazing at everything.

The rock-ledge at one end of the beach had been catching her eye for some time. She watched how fearlessly the gulls plunge on quivering wings, down, down, then rose again, covered with silvery drops, to fly here and there. Then she would look back at the little precipice. She thought: "I cannot fly! They do it from the air, but I cannot. I can do it from the precipice! Why not? "Then, aloud: "I will be a birdI will do it!"

She walked back to the point where the cliff

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 warriors, who caught the gleams of anger that shot from the eyes of the young chief, in passing, followed him to the place he had selected for his meditations. After which, Tamenund and Alice were removed, and the women and children were ordered to disperse. During the momentous hour that succeeded, the encampment resembled a hive of troubled bees, who only awaited the appearance and example of their leader, to take some distant and momentous flight.

A young warrior, at length, issued from the lodge of Uncas, and moving deliberately with a sort of grave march, towards a dwarf pine, that grew in the crevices of the rocky terrace, he tore the bark from its body, and then returned whence he came, without speaking. He was soon followed by another, who stripped the sapling of its branches, leaving it a naked and "blazed" trunk. A third coloured the posts with stripes of a dark red paint; all which indications of a hostile design in the leaders of the nation, were received by the men without in a gloomy and ominous silence. Finally, the Mohican himself re-


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 appeared, divested of all his attire, except his girdle and leggings, and with one half of his fine features hid under a cloud of threatening black.

Uncas moved with a slow and dignified tread towards the post, which he immediately commenced encircling with a measured step, not unlike an ancient dance, raising his voice, at the same time, in the wild and irregular chant of his war-song. The notes were in the extremes of human sounds; being sometimes melancholy and exquisitely plaintive, even rivalling the melody of birds—and then, by sudden and startling transitions, causing the auditors to tremble by their depth and energy. The words were few, and often repeated, proceeding gradually from a sort of invocation, or hymn, to the deity, to an intimation of the warrior's object, and terminating as they commenced, with an acknowledgment of his own dependence on the Great Spirit. If it were possible to translate the comprehensive and melodious language in which he spoke, the ode might read something like the following—


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At the end of what might be called each verse, he made a pause, by raising a note louder and longer than common, that was peculiarly suited to the sentiment just expressed. The first close was solemn, and intended to convey the idea of veneration; the second descriptive, bordering on the alarming; and the third was the well-known and terrific war-whoop, which burst from the lips of the young warrior, like a com-


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 bination of all the frightful sounds of battle. The last was like the first, humble, meek, and imploring. Three times did he repeat this song, and as often did he encircle the post in his dance.

At the close of the first turn, a grave and highly esteemed chief of the Lenape followed his example, singing words of his own, however, to a music of a similar character. Warrior after warrior enlisted in the dance, until all of any renown and authority were to be numbered in its mazes. The spectacle now became wildly terrific; the fierce looking and menacing visages of the chiefs receiving additional power, from the appalling strains in which they mingled their guttural tones. Just then, Uncas struck his tomahawk deep into the post, and raised his voice in a shout, which might be termed his own battle cry. The act announced that he had assumed the chief authority in the intended expedition.

It was a signal that awakened all the slumbering passions of the nation. A hundred youths, who had hitherto been re-


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 strained by the diffidence of their years, rushed in a frantic body on the fancied emblem of their enemy, and severed it asunder, splinter by splinter, until nothing remained of the trunk but its roots in the earth. During this moment of tumult, the most ruthless deeds of war were performed on the fragments of the tree, with as much apparent ferocity, as though they were the actual living victims of their cruelty. Some were scalped; some received the keen and trembling axe; and others suffered by thrusts from the fatal knife. In short, the manifestations of zeal and fierce delight were so great and unequivocal, that it was soon apparent the expedition was unqualifiedly declared to be a war of the nation.

The instant Uncas had struck the blow, he moved out of the circle, and cast his eyes up at the sun, which was just gaining the point, when the truce with Magua was to end. The fact was soon announced by a significant gesture, accompanied by a corresponding cry, and the whole of the excited multitude abandoned their mimic warfare,


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 ritableness rejoiceth in untruth; and that a creed which begins with uncharitableness will go on with a tissue of error. Is not this, at least, the argument which you put into the mouths of the Swedenborgians, when you say, “hence the charity of the Athanasian creed, which declares that such men shall without doubt perish everlastingly?”

But we proceed to another subject. The next doctrine which you say they have overturned, is the doctrine of the resurrection of the dead; and if they have really done so, then, in this case, I cannot commend them. But I am inclined to think, nay, I am certain, that so far from their overturning the doctrine of the resurrection of the dead, the sermon has rather overturned, that is, turned-over, or, in other words, upside down, their doctrine; and has exhibited to your congregation, not their doctrine, but your version, or rather inversion, of it. Not that you have done this intentionally, far from it; but that you have been unintentionally confounding the doctrine of the resurrection of the dead with the doctrine of the resurrection of the body, which the Church of England has everheld to be two distinct things; for the resurrection of the dead is declared to take place before the general judgment, at the separation of soul and body, but the resurrection of the body at the reunion of soul and body on the day of judgment. The only ground upon which I could suppose any one to maintain that he who denies the resurrection of the body denies the resurrection of the dead, is the opinion held by some, that without the body the soul is unconscious, that it remains in that unconscious state till its reunion with the body, that previously to this there is no proper resurrection of the soul, that the resurrection of the soul can take place only by a resurrection of the body, and, therefore, that he who denies the resurrection of the body denies the resurrection of the dead; but, as I am far from attributing to you a doctrine which was advocated by Dr. Priestley, I can account for your mistake only by your unintentionally confounding the resurrection of the dead with the resurrection of the body. Now, the New Church maintains the resurrection of the dead as openly and decidedly as the Church of England, or as yourself, but denies the resurrection of the body. So, likewise, did the celebrated Mr. Locke; the resurrection of the dead is a doctrine which was strenuously maintained by him in opposition to that of the resurrection of the identical body, as insisted upon by Bishop Stillingfleet; and, whether Locke be right or wrong, he has had generally the credit of defeating his opponent. No one can reasonably contend for the resurrection of the same particles, nor can any


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 with shrill and loud yells of pleasure, to prepare for the more hazardous experiment of the reality.

The whole face of the encampment was now instantly changed. The warriors, who were already armed, and painted, became as still, as if they were incapable of any uncommon burst of emotion. On the other hand, the women broke out of the lodges, with the songs of joy and those of lamentation, so strangely mingled, that it might have been difficult to have said which passion preponderated. None, however, were idle. Some bore their choicest articles, others their young, and some their aged and infirm, into the forest, which spread itself like a verdant carpet of bright green against the side of the mountain. Thither Tamenund also retired, with calm composure, after a short and touching interview with Uncas; from whom the sage separated with the reluctance that a parent would quit a long lost, and just recovered, child. In the mean time, Duncan saw Alice to a place of safety, and then sought the scout, with features that


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one say what, or how many particles are requisite to constitute identity, though some have maintained that one is sufficient, one invisible, minute, inappreciable atom which is really not worth contending for. On the other hand, some have maintained that when the vile body is changed into the glorious body, the natural body into the spiritual, the change takes place previous to resurrection, for that St. Paul says, “it is sown a natural body, it is raised a spiritual body,” in which case it is not the natural or material body that is raised at all, but only the spiritual, and this harmonizes with the words of St. Paul in the 15th chapter of Corinthians, who says, “that which thou sowest, thou sowest not that body which shall be.” At all events, when the New Church denies the resurrection of the material body, it may be well to bear in mind the words of the present Archbishop of Dublin, who, in his Essays on some of the peculiarities of the Christian religion, (p. 120) observes, in regard to the resurrection of the body,—

“It is to be wished that those who inculcate this doctrine would be careful not to expose it, as some have done, to the scoffs of the infidel, by insisting on the restoration, at the resurrection, of the very same particles of matter which were united with the soul in this life. Supposing the doctrine to be true, neither reason nor revelation afford means for ascertaining its truth, or for replying to the cavils brought against it. The question has been ably and copiously handled by the celebrated Mr. Locke; it will suffice, therefore, to observe that, as far as we can ascertain, all the particles of a man's body are undergoing a perpetual and rapid change during his life; that which constitutes still his body being not the identity of its materials, but their union with the same soul and performance of similar functions,” &c. &c.

Here the Archbishop asserts, that, supposing the resurrection of the identical body to be true, “neither reason nor revelation affords means for ascertaining its truth;” and what difference is there between this assertion and the assertion of members of the New Church, that the doctrine of the resurrection of the same body has no ascertainable foundation either in reason or revelation? Does the sermon mean to consign both Whately and Locke to the fate of Core, Dathan, and Abiram, for the heresy of denying the resurrection of the dead, because they deny the resurrection of the same body? Or, if these eminent individuals are to escape, why is the anathema to be visited on the worthy inhabitants of Preston?

But I now proceed to another subject, and observe that the third doctrine which it is said the Swedenborgians have over turned, is the doctrine of the last judgment.

Now, Sir, I presume you will admit that the last judgment is future, that as such the passages of Scripture in which it is


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 denoted how eagerly he also panted for the approaching contest.

But Hawk-eye was too much accustomed to the war-song and the enlistments of the natives, to betray any interest in the passing scene. He merely cast an occasional look at the number and quality of the warriors, who, from time to time, signified their readiness to accompany Uncas to the field. In this particular he was soon satisfied; for, as has been already seen, the power of the young chief quickly embraced every fighting man in the nation. After this material point was so satisfactorily decided, he dispatched an Indian boy, in quest of "kill-deer" and the rifle of Uncas, to the place, in the margin of the forest, where they had deposited the weapons, on approaching the camp of the Delawares—a measure of double policy, inasmuch as it protected the arms from their own fate, if detained as prisoners, and gave them the advantage of appearing among the strangers rather as sufferers, than as men provided with the means of defence and subsistence. In selecting another to perform the office of


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 reclaiming his highly prized rifle, the scout had lost sight of none of his habitual caution. He knew that Magua had not come unattended, and he also knew that Huron spies watched the movements of their new enemies, along the whole boundary of the woods. It would, therefore, have been fatal to himself to have attempted the experiment; a warrior would have fared no better; but the danger of a boy would not be likely to commence until after his object was discovered. When Heyward joined him, the scout was coolly awaiting the result of this experiment.

The boy, who had been well instructed, and was sufficiently crafty, proceeded, with a bosom that was swelling with the pride of such a confidence, and all the hopes of young ambition, carelessly across the clearing to the wood, which he entered at a point at some little distance from the place where the guns were secreted. The instant, however, he was concealed by the foliage of the bushes, his dusky form was to be seen gliding, like that of a serpent, towards the desired treasure. He was successful;


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 and in another moment he appeared, flying across the narrow opening that skirted the base of the terrace on which the village stood, with the velocity of an arrow, and bearing one of his prizes in each hand. He had actually gained the crags, and was leaping up their sides with incredible activity, when a shot from the woods showed how accurate had been the judgment of the scout. The boy answered it with a feeble, but contemptuous shout, and immediately a second bullet was sent after him, from another part of the cover. At the next instant he appeared on the level above, elevating his guns in triumph, while he moved, with the air of a conqueror, towards the renowned hunter, who had honoured him by so glorious a commission.

Notwithstanding the lively interest Hawk-eye had taken in the fate of his messenger, he received "kill-deer" with a satisfaction that, momentarily, drove all other recollections from his mind. After examining the piece with a keen and intelligent eye, and opening and shutting the pan some ten or fifteen times, and trying sundry other


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 equally important experiments on the lock, he turned to the boy, and demanded, with great manifestations of kindness, if he was hurt. The urchin looked proudly up in his face, but made no reply.

"Ay! I see, lad, the knaves have barked your arm!" added the scout, taking up the limb of the patient sufferer, across which a deep flesh wound had been made by one of the bullets; "but a little bruised alder will act like a charm. In the mean time, I will wrap it in a badge of wampum! You have commenced the business of a warrior early, my brave boy, and are likely to bear aplenty of honourable scars to your grave. I know many young men that have taken scalps, who cannot show such a mark as this! Go;" having bound up the arm; "you will be a chief!"

The lad departed, prouder of his flowing blood than the vainest courtier could be of his blushing riband; and stalked among the fellows of his age, an object of general admiration and envy. But in a moment of so many serious and important duties, this single act of juvenile fortitude, did not


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 ∵The delay which has occurred in the publication of this Letter results from the circumstance that the sermon in question did not come into the hands of the present writer till very recently. It may be also desirable to mention, that he is himself responsible for any statements it may contain, and not any other individual.


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 attract the general notice and commendation it would have received under milder auspices. It had, however, served to apprise the Delawares of the position and the intentions of their enemies. Accordingly, a party of adventurers, better suited to the task than the weak, though spirited boy, were ordered to dislodge the skulkers. The duty was soon performed, for most of the Hurons retired of themselves, when they found that they had been discovered. The Delawares followed to a sufficient distance from their own encampment, and then halted for orders, apprehensive of being led into an ambush. As both parties secreted themselves, the woods were again as still and quiet, as a mild summer morning and deep solitude could render them.

The calm, but still impatient Uncas, now collected his chiefs, and divided his power. He presented Hawk-eye as a warrior, often tried, and always found deserving of confidence. When he found his friend met with a favourable reception, he bestowed on him the command of twenty men, like himself, active, skilful, and resolute. He