text:
Heck v. Humphrey/Concurrence Souter

, with whom, and join, concurring in the judgment.

The Court begins its analysis as I would, by observing that "[t]his case lies at the intersection of the two most fertile sources of federal-court prisoner litigation—the Civil Rights Act of 1871, 42 U.S.C. § 1983, and the federal habeas corpus statute, 28 U.S.C. § 2254," two statutes that [p492] "provide access to a federal forum for claims of unconstitutional treatment at the hands of state officials," while "differ[ing] in their scope and operation." Ante, at 480. But instead of analyzing the statutes to determine which should yield to the other at this intersection, the Court appears to take the position that the statutes were never on a collision course in the first place because, like the common-law tort of malicious prosecution, § 1983 requires (and, presumably, has always required) plaintiffs seeking damages for unconstitutional conviction or confinement to show the favorable termination of the underlying proceeding. See ante, at 484–487.

While I do not object to referring to the common law when resolving the question this case presents, I do not think that the existence of the tort of malicious prosecution alone provides the answer. Common-law tort rules can provide a "starting point for the inquiry under § 1983," Carey v. Piphus, 435 U.S. 247, 258 (1978), but we have relied on the common law in § 1983 cases only when doing so was thought to be consistent with ordinary rules of statutory construction, as when common-law principles have textual support in other provisions of the Civil Rights Act of 1871, see, e.g., id., at 255–256 (damages under § 1983), or when those principles were so fundamental and widely understood at the time § 1983 was enacted that the 42d Congress could not be presumed to have abrogated them silently, see, e.g., Tenney v. Brandhove, 341 U.S. 367, 376 (1951) (immunity under § 1983); Pierson v. Ray, 386 U.S. 547, 553–554 (1967) (same). At the same time, we have consistently refused to allow common-law analogies to displace statutory analysis, declining to import even well-settled common-law rules into § 1983 "if [the statute's] history or purpose counsel against applying [such rules] in § 1983 actions." Wyatt v. Cole, 504 U.S. 158, 164 (1992); see also Tower v. Glover, 467 U.S. 914, 920–921 (1984). Cf. Anderson v. Creighton, 483 U.S. 635, 645 (1987) ("[W]e have never suggested that the precise contours of official immunity [p493] [under § 1983] can and should be slavishly derived from the often arcane rules of the common law").

An examination of common-law sources arguably relevant in this case confirms the soundness of our hierarchy of principles for resolving questions concerning § 1983. If the common law were not merely a "starting point" for the analysis under § 1983, but its destination, then (unless we were to have some authority to choose common-law requirements we like and discard the others) principle would compel us to accept as elements of the § 1983 cause of action not only the malicious-prosecution tort's favorable-termination requirement, but other elements of the tort that cannot coherently be transplanted. In addition to proving favorable termination, [p494] a plaintiff in a malicious-prosecution action, according to the same sources the Court relies upon, must prove the "[a]bsence of probable cause for the proceeding" as well as [m]alice,' or a primary purpose other than that of bringing an offender to justice." W. Keeton, D. Dobbs, R. Keeton, & D. Owen, Prosser and Keeton on Law of Torts 871 (5th ed. 1984) (hereinafter Prosser and Keeton); see also 8 S. Speiser, C. Krause, & A. Gans, American Law of Torts § 28:7, p. 38, § 28:11, p. 61 (1991). As § 1983 requirements, however, these elements would mean that even a § 1983 plaintiff whose conviction was invalidated as unconstitutional (premised, for example, on a confession coerced by an interrogation-room beating) could not obtain damages for the unconstitutional conviction and ensuing confinement if the defendant police officials (or perhaps the prosecutor) had probable cause to believe the plaintiff was guilty and intended to bring him to justice. Absent an independent statutory basis for doing so, importing into § 1983 the malicious-prosecution tort's favorable-termination requirement but not its probable-cause requirement would be particularly odd since it is from the latter that the former derives. See Prosser and Keeton 874 ("The requirement that the criminal prosecution terminate in favor of the malicious prosecution plaintiff is primarily important not as an independent element of the malicious prosecution action but only for what it shows about probable cause or guilt-in-fact"); M. Bigelow, Leading Cases on Law of Torts 196 (1875) ("The action for a malicious prosecution cannot be maintained until the prosecution has terminated; for otherwise the plaintiff might obtain judgment in the one case and yet be convicted in the other, which would of course disprove the averment of a want of probable cause").

If, in addition, the common law were the master of statutory analysis, not the servant (to switch metaphors), we would find ourselves with two masters to contend with here, for we would be subject not only to the tort of malicious [p495] prosecution but to the tort of abuse of process as well, see Wyatt v. Cole, supra, at 164 (calling these two actions "the most closely analogous torts" to § 1983), the latter making it "unnecessary for the plaintiff to prove that the proceeding has terminated in his favor" Prosser and Keeton 897. The Court suggests that the tort of malicious prosecution provides "the closest analogy to claims of the type considered here" because "it permits damages for confinement imposed pursuant to legal process." Ante, at 484. But the same appears to be true for the tort of abuse of process. See Restatement (Second) of Torts § 682, Illustration 1 (1977) (indicating that a person who, by causing a court to issue a writ of capias against someone to whom he lent money, caused the borrower to be "arrested and kept in prison" is properly held liable for the arrest and imprisonment if the lender's purpose in using legal process was wrongful (and regardless of favorable termination or want of probable cause)).

Furthermore, even if the tort of malicious prosecution were today marginally more analogous than other torts to the type of § 1983 claim in the class of cases before us (because it alone may permit damages for unlawful conviction or postconviction confinement, see n. 3, infra), the Court overlooks a significant historical incongruity that calls into question the utility of the analogy to the tort of malicious [p496] prosecution insofar as it is used exclusively to determine the scope of § 1983: the damages sought in the type of § 1983 claim involved here, damages for unlawful conviction or postconviction confinement, were not available at all in an action for malicious prosecution at the time of § 1983's enactment. A defendant's conviction, under Reconstruction-era common law, dissolved his claim for malicious prosecution because the conviction was regarded as irrebuttable evidence that the prosecution never lacked probable cause. See T. Cooley, Law of Torts 185 (1879) ("If the defendant is convicted in the first instance and appeals, and is acquitted in the appellate court, the conviction below is conclusive of probable cause"). Thus the definition of "favorable termination" with which the framers of § 1983 were aware (if they were aware of any definition) included none of the events relevant to the type of § 1983 claim involved in this case ("revers[al] on direct appeal, expunge[ment] by executive order, [a] declar[ation] [of] invalid[ity] by a state tribunal authorized to make such determination, or [the] call[ing] into question by a federal court's issuance of a writ of habeas corpus," ante, at 487), and it is easy to see why the analogy to the tort of malicious prosecution in this context has escaped the collective wisdom of the many courts and commentators to have addressed the issue, previously, as well as the parties to this case. Indeed, relying on the tort of malicious prosecution to dictate the outcome of this case would logically drive one to the position, untenable as a matter of statutory interpretation (and, to be clear, disclaimed by the Court), that conviction of a crime wipes out a person's § 1983 claim for damages for unconstitutional conviction or postconviction confinement.

[p497] We are not, however, in any such strait, for our enquiry in this case may follow the interpretive methodology employed in Preiser v. Rodriguez, 411 U.S. 475 (1973) (a methodology uniformly applied by the Courts of Appeals in analyzing analogous cases, see, e.g., Young v. Kenny, 907 F.2d 874, 875–876 (CA9 1990)). In Preiser, we read the "general" § 1983 statute in light of the "specific federal habeas corpus statute," which applies only to "person[s] in custody," 28 U.S.C. § 2254(a), and the habeas statute's policy, embodied in its exhaustion requirement, § 2254(b), that state courts be given the first opportunity to review constitutional claims bearing upon a state prisoner's release from custody. 411 U.S., at 489. Though in contrast to Preiser the state prisoner here seeks damages, not release from custody, the distinction makes no difference when the damages sought are for unconstitutional conviction or confinement. (As the Court explains, nothing in Preiser nor in Wolff v. McDonnell, 418 U.S. 539 (1974), is properly read as holding that the relief sought in a § 1983 action dictates whether a state prisoner can proceed immediately to federal court. See [p498] ante, at 481–483.) Whether or not a federal-court § 1983 damages judgment against state officials in such an action would have preclusive effect in later litigation against the State, mounting damages against the defendant-officials for unlawful confinement (damages almost certainly to be paid by state indemnification) would, practically, compel the State to release the prisoner. Because allowing a state prisoner to proceed directly with a federal-court § 1983 attack on his conviction or sentence "would wholly frustrate explicit congressional intent" as declared in the habeas exhaustion requirement, Preiser, 411 U.S., at 489, the statutory scheme must be read as precluding such attacks. This conclusion flows not from a preference about how the habeas and § 1983 statutes ought to have been written, but from a recognition that "Congress has determined that habeas corpus is the appropriate remedy for state prisoners attacking the validity of the fact or length of their confinement, [a] specific determination [that] must override the general terms of § 1983." Id., at 490.

That leaves the question of how to implement what statutory analysis requires. It is at this point that the malicious-prosecution tort's favorable-termination requirement becomes helpful, not in dictating the elements of a § 1983 cause of action, but in suggesting a relatively simple way to avoid collisions at the intersection of habeas and § 1983. A state prisoner may seek federal-court § 1983 damages for unconstitutional conviction or confinement, but only if he has previously established the unlawfulness of his conviction or confinement, as on appeal or on habeas. This has the effect of requiring a state prisoner challenging the lawfulness of his confinement to follow habeas's rules before seeking § 1983 damages for unlawful confinement in federal court, and it is ultimately the Court's holding today. It neatly resolves a problem that has bedeviled lower courts, see 997 F.2d 355, 357–358 (CA7 1993) (decision below); Young v. Kenny, supra, at 877 (discussing cases), legal commentators, see Schwartz, The Preiser Puzzle, 37 DePaul L. Rev. 85, 86–87, n. 6 (1988) [p499] (listing articles), and law students (some of whom doubtless have run up against a case like this in law-school exams). The favorable-termination requirement avoids the knotty statute-of-limitations problem that arises if federal courts dismiss § 1983 suits filed before an inmate pursues federal habeas, and (because the statute-of-limitations clock does not start ticking until an inmate's conviction is set aside) it does so without requiring federal courts to stay, and therefore to retain on their dockets, prematurely filed § 1983 suits. See ante, at 489.

It may be that the Court's analysis takes it no further than I would thus go, and that any objection I may have to the Court's opinion is to style, not substance. The Court acknowledges the habeas exhaustion requirement and explains that it is the reason that the habeas statute "intersect[s]" [p500] in this case with § 1983, which does not require exhaustion, see ante, at 480; it describes the issue it faces as "the same" as that in Preiser, ante, at 483; it recites the principle that common-law tort rules provide the appropriate starting point for the inquiry under § 1983, ibid., (quoting Carey v. Piphus, 435 U.S., at 257–258); and it does not transpose onto § 1983 elements of the malicious-prosecution tort that are incompatible with the policies of § 1983 and the habeas statute as relevant to claims by state prisoners. The Court's opinion can be read as saying nothing more than that now, after enactment of the habeas statute and because of it, prison inmates seeking § 1983 damages in federal court for unconstitutional conviction or confinement must satisfy a requirement analogous to the malicious-prosecution tort's favorable-termination requirement. Cf. ante, at 491 ({sc|Thomas}}, J., concurring).

That would be a sensible way to read the opinion, in part because the alternative would needlessly place at risk the rights of those outside the intersection of § 1983 and the habeas statute, individuals not "in custody" for habeas purposes. If these individuals (people who were merely fined, for example, or who have completed short terms of imprisonment, probation, or parole, or who discover (through no fault of their own) a constitutional violation after full expiration of their sentences), like state prisoners, were required to show the prior invalidation of their convictions or sentences in order to obtain § 1983 damages for unconstitutional conviction or imprisonment, the result would be to deny any federal forum for claiming a deprivation of federal rights to those who cannot first obtain a favorable state ruling. The reason, of course, is that individuals not "in custody" cannot invoke federal habeas jurisdiction, the only statutory mechanism besides § 1983 by which individuals may sue state officials in federal court for violating federal rights. That would be an untoward result.

[p501] It is one thing to adopt a rule that forces prison inmates to follow the federal habeas route with claims that fall within the plain language of § 1983 when that is necessary to prevent a requirement of the habeas statute from being undermined. That is what the Court did in Preiser v. Rodriguez, 411 U.S., at 489–492, and that is what the Court's rule would do for state prisoners. Harmonizing § 1983 and the habeas statute by requiring a state prisoner seeking damages for unconstitutional conviction to establish the previous invalidation of his conviction does not run afoul of what we have called, repeatedly, "[t]he very purpose of" § 1983: "to interpose the federal courts between the States and the people, as guardians of the people's federal rights." Mitchum v. Foster, 407 U.S. 225, 242 (1972); see also Pulliam v. Allen, 466 U.S. 522, 541 (1984); Patsy v. Board of Regents of Fla., 457 U.S. 496, 503 (1982). A prisoner caught at the intersection of § 1983 and the habeas statute can still have his attack on the lawfulness of his conviction or confinement heard in federal court, albeit one sitting as a habeas court; and, depending on the circumstances, he may be able to obtain § 1983 damages.

It would be an entirely different matter, however, to shut off federal courts altogether to claims that fall within the plain language of § 1983. "[I]rrespective of the common law support" for a general rule disfavoring collateral attacks, the Court lacks the authority to do any such thing absent unambiguous congressional direction where, as here, reading § 1983 to exclude claims from federal court would run counter to "§ 1983's history" and defeat the statute's "purpose." Wyatt v. Cole, 504 U.S., at 158. Consider the case of a former slave framed by Ku Klux Klan-controlled law-enforcement officers and convicted by a Klan-controlled state court of, for example, raping a white woman; and suppose that the unjustly convicted defendant did not (and could not) discover the proof of unconstitutionality until after his [p502] release from state custody. If it were correct to say that § 1983 independently requires a person not in custody to establish the prior invalidation of his conviction, it would have been equally right to tell the former slave that he could not seek federal relief even against the law-enforcement officers who framed him unless he first managed to convince the state courts that his conviction was unlawful. That would be a result hard indeed to reconcile either with the purpose of § 1983 or with the origins of what was "popularly known as the Ku Klux Act," Collins v. Hardyman, 341 U.S. 651, 657 (1951), the statute having been enacted in part out of concern that many state courts were "in league with those who were bent upon abrogation of federally protected rights," Mitchum v. Foster, supra, at 240; cf. Cong. Globe, 42d Cong., 1st Sess., 577 (1871) (Sen. Trumbull explaining that, under the Civil Rights Act of 1871, "the Federal Government has a right to set aside action of the State authorities" that deprives a person of his Fourteenth Amendment rights). It would also be a result unjustified by the habeas statute or any other post–§ 1983 enactment.

Nor do I see any policy reflected in a congressional enactment that would justify denying to an individual today federal damages (a significantly less disruptive remedy than an order compelling release from custody) merely because he was unconstitutionally fined by a State, or to a person who discovers after his release from prison that, for example, state officials deliberately withheld exculpatory material. And absent such a statutory policy, surely the common law can give us no authority to narrow the "broad language" of § 1983, which speaks of deprivations of "any" constitutional rights, privileges, or immunities, by "[e]very" person acting under color of state law, and to which "we have given full effect [by] recognizing that § 1983 'provide[s] a remedy, to be broadly construed, against all forms of official violation of federally protected rights. Dennis v. Higgins, 498 U.S. 439, 443, 445 (1991) (quoting Monell v. New York City Dept. of Social Servs., 436 U.S. 658, 700–701 (1978)).

[p503] In sum, while the malicious-prosecution analogy provides a useful mechanism for implementing what statutory analysis requires, congressional policy as reflected in enacted statutes must ultimately be the guide. I would thus be clear that the proper resolution of this case (involving, of course, a state prisoner) is to construe § 1983 in light of the habeas statute and its explicit policy of exhaustion. I would not cast doubt on the ability of an individual unaffected by the habeas statute to take advantage of the broad reach of § 1983.

title: Heck v. Humphrey/Concurrence Souter


text: How and What to Grow in a Kitchen Garden of One Acre (10th Ed)/How and What to Grow in a Kitchen Garden of One Acre

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text: How and What to Grow in a Kitchen Garden of One Acre (10th Ed)/Situation of the Garden


text: How and What to Grow in a Kitchen Garden of One Acre (10th Ed)/The Soil of the Garden


text: How and What to Grow in a Kitchen Garden of One Acre (10th Ed)/Laying out the Garden


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Page:The Return of the Soldier (Van Druten).djvu/101

 : Then I suggest you take Mrs. Grey to the nursery.

(with a sudden violence, amounting almost to a cry) : No! No don’t let her go up  she’s not to go up!

(pulling herself together) : The things are all in a box, packed. All his toys and clothes and everything. I’ll have it brought down here. I don’t want her to go up.

''rings the bell. There is an ominous silence until comes''.

Ellen, I want you to go up to the nursery, and bring down a trunk that’s by the window. Here’s the key.

[She gives it her from her bag.

You’ll probably find it rather heavy. You’d better ask Marsh or Webb to help you with it.

Do you understand?

[She goes out L. goes, too.


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 (defiantly, after a pause) : This is only just in time. I packed the things myself this morning, because I was going to make a bonfire of them.

(silkily) : Why were you going to do that, Mrs. Baldry?

(to, in a low vicious tone) : I spoke of it to you, Jenny, the other day, about dismantling the room. I didn’t really mean it then. I love the room. I only said it because you hurt me, hinting that I was callous about Chris. I made myself talk as I did; you goaded me to it. But these last days when he didn’t belong to me any more  then I made up my mind to finish with the past  absolutely.

(very quietly) : What were your exact relations with your husband, Mrs. Baldry?

[Something catches in her throat, and she turns and walks quickly out of the room.

(after a pause) : It’s all so dreadful

(to ) : Was the marriage ever a happy one?

(with a shrug) : You mustn’t ask me.

I’m sure Chris was always kind.

[There is another silence. ''walks slowly about the room. He finds the volume of''


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 “Punch” lying open on the Chesterfield, picks it up, glances at it and breaks into hearty laughter.

Punch tactless of me. I apologise.

[The door L. opens and and  ''come in, lugging a trunk. They put it down, down stage L.''

It’s a weight.

I’ll leave it to you. If you’ll allow me, I think I'll go out in the garden. We professional men get so little fresh air.

I was extremely interested in what you were saying. These matters of psychology, though perhaps not quite in accordance with the older teachings

[They go into the garden, talking hard,  resigned and bored.

turns to.

I wanted to know Chris’s boy. But I do see she wouldn’t like it’s hers I’m sure it’s a lovely room. You say it’s just as it was?

The night nursery is just a bedroom now.


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 Rh Some will say I make great and sudden rises from very small beginnings. My answer is, that I would have such an objector look back and reflect why I show him, from such a speck of entity, at his first origin, growing, through more improbable and almost insuperable difficulties, to such a bulk as he has already attained to, and whereby, as his advocates, the Dutch themselves own, he is grown too formidable for the repose, not only of his neighbours, but of Europe in general.

But then, again, they will say he has no pretence either to make a peace with the Swede separately from the Dane or to make war upon other princes, some of whom he is bound in alliance with. Whoever thinks these objections not answered must have considered the Czar neither as to his nature or to his ends. The Dutch own further, that he made war against Sweden without any specious pretence. He that made war without any specious pretence may make a peace without any specious pretence, and make a new war without any specious pretence for it too. His Imperial Majesty (of Austria), like a wise Prince, when he was obliged to make war with the Ottomans, made it, as in policy, he should, powerfully. But, in the meantime, may not the Czar, who is a wise and potent Prince too, follow the example upon the neighbouring Princes round him that are Protestants? If he should, I tremble to speak it, it is not impossible, but in this age of Christianity the Protestant religion should, in a great measure, be abolished; and that among the Christians, the Greeks and Romans may once more come to be the only Pretenders for Universal Empire. The pure possibility carries with it warning enough for the Maritime Powers, and all the other Protestant Princes, to mediate a peace for Sweden, and strengthen his arms again, without which no preparations can put them sufficiently upon their guard; and this must be done early and betimes, before the King of Sweden, either out of despair or revenge, throws himself into the Czar's hands. For 'tis a certain maxim (which all Princes ought, and the Czar seems at this time to observe too much for the repose of Christendom) that a wise man must not stand for ceremony, and only


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Page:The Return of the Soldier (Van Druten).djvu/104

 nurseries. It makes all the difference to the little things.

[ kneels and opens the trunk, and begins to take out a child’s clothes.

Oh, the lovely little frocks! Did she make them?

[She kneels too.

But I don’t care much for baby frocks. The babies themselves are none the happier for them. It’s all show, really. And all these toys! I expect his daddy spoiled him.

But, of course men always give them presents above their age—they’re in such a hurry for them to grow up. We like them to take their time, the loves.

[She rummages.

Where’s his engine? Didn’t he love the puffer trains? But of course he never saw them. You’re so far from the railway station. What a pity! He’d have loved them so. Dick was so happy when I stopped his pram on the railway-bridge on my way back from the shops, and he could sit up and see the puffers going by.

[She pulls out toys.


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 44 turn with opportunities. No, he must even run with them. For the Czar's part, I will venture to say so much in his commendation, that he will hardly suffer himself to be overtaken that way. He seems to act just as the tide serves. There is nothing which contributes more to the making our undertakings prosperous than the taking of times and opportunities; for time carrieth with it the seasons of opportunities of business. If you let them slip, all your designs are rendered unsuccessful.

In short, things seem now come to that crisis that peace should as soon as possible be procured to the Swede, with such advantageous articles as are consistent with the nicety of his honour to accept, and with the safety of the Protestant interest, that he should have offered to him, which can be scarce less than all the possessions which he formerly had in the Empire. As in all other things, so in politics, a long-tried certainty must be preferred before an uncertainty, tho grounded on ever so probable suppositions. Now can there be anything more certain, than that the provinces Sweden has had in the Empire, were given to it to make it the nearer at hand and the better able to secure the Protestant interest, which, together with the liberties of the Empire it just then had saved? Can there be anything more certain than that that kingdom has, by those means, upon all occasions, secured that said interest now near four-score years? Can there be anything more certain than, as to his present Swedish Majesty, that I may use the words of a letter her late Majesty, Queen Anne, wrote to him (Charles XII.), and in the time of a Whig Ministry too, viz.: "That, as a true Prince, hero and Christian, the chief end of his endeavours has been the promotion of the fear of God among men: and that without insisting on his own particular interest."

On the other hand, is it not very uncertain whether those princes, who, by sharing among them the Swedish provinces in the Empire, are now going to set up as protectors of the Protestant interests there, exclusive of the Swedes, will be able to do it? Denmark is already so low, and will in all appearance be so much lower still before the end of the war,


text:
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Page:Karl Marx - Secret Diplomatic History of the Eighteenth Century (1899).djvu/49

 Rh that very little assistance can be expected from it in a great many years. In Saxony, the prospect is but too dismal under a Popish prince, so that there remain only the two illustrious houses of Hanover and Brandenburg of all the Protestant princes, powerful enough to lead the rest. Let us therefore only make a parallel between what now happens in the Duchy of Mecklenburg, and what may happen to the Protestant interest, and we shall soon find how we may be mistaken in our reckoning. That said poor Duchy has been most miserably ruined by the Muscovite troops, and it is still so; the Electors of Brandenburg and Hanover are obliged, both as directors of the circle of Lower Saxony, as neighbours, and Protestant Princes, to rescue a fellow state of the Empire, and a Protestant country, from so cruel an oppression of a foreign Power. But, pray, what have they done? The Elector of Brandenburg, cautious lest the Muscovites might on one side invade his electorate, and on the other side from Livonia and Poland, his kingdom of Prussia; and the Elector of Hanover having the same wise caution as to his hereditary countries, have not upon this, though very pressing occasion, thought it for their interest, to use any other means than representations. But pray with what success? The Muscovites are still in Mecklenburg, and if at last they march out of it, it will be when the country is so ruined that they cannot there subsist any longer.

It seems the King of Sweden should be restored to all that he has lost on the side of the Czar; and this appears the joint interest of both the Maritime Powers. This may they please to undertake: Holland, because it is a maxim there "that the Czar grows too great, and must not be suffered to settle in the Baltic, and that Sweden must not be abandoned; Great Britain, because, if the Czar compasses his vast and prodigious views, he will, by the ruin and conquest of Sweden, become our nearer and more dreadful neighbour. Besides, we are bound to it by a treaty concluded in the year 1700, between King William and the present King of Sweden, by virtue of which King William assisted the King of Sweden, when in more power-


text:
Page:The Return of the Soldier (Van Druten).djvu/105

 Here’s his Noah’s Ark and his bricks, and his picture-books. Lions and tigers. Did he love wild beasts? Did he have these in his bath? All these ducks and swans and frogs and everything? I’d love to have seen him in his bath.

[She arranges the toys on the floor, playing with them tenderly.

And the woolly animals they’re loves.

[She snuggles a teddy-bear against her cheek.

Does it squeak?

[She pinches it; it grunts.

Did you hear it? Did he love that? Oh, the toys he had! His nurse didn’t let him have them all at once, did she? Oh! They’re lovely. She couldn’t burn them all she couldn’t! (She begins to cry.) I thought perhaps my baby had left me because I had so little to give him. But if a baby could leave all this!

[She cries wretchedly, rocking herself over the toys, which she fingers lovingly and lingeringly her words coming through her tears, half-unconsciously, as though in spite of herself.

Oh, I want a child I want a child. Poor dear Chris it’s all gone so wrong  everthingeverything [sic]. They each had only half a life. Oh Chris Dick  my baby.


text: Page:The Net of Faith.pdf/7

title: Page:The Net of Faith.pdf/7


text:
Page:Karl Marx - Secret Diplomatic History of the Eighteenth Century (1899).djvu/50

 46 ful circumstances, with all that he desired, with great sums of money, several hundred pieces of cloth, and considerable quantities of gunpowder.

But some Politicians (whom nothing can make jealous of the growing strength and abilities of the Czar) though they are even foxes and vulpones in the art, either will not see or pretend they cannot see how the Czar can ever be able to make so great a progress in power as to hurt us here in our island. To them it is easy to repeat the same answer a hundred times over, if they would be so kind as to take it at last, viz., that what has been may be again; and that they did not see how he could reach the height of power, which he has already arrived at, after, I must confess, a very incredible manner. Let those incredulous people look narrowly into the nature and the ends and the designs of this great monarch; they will find that they are laid very deep, and that his plans carry in them a prodigious deal of prudence and foresight, and his ends are at the long run brought about by a kind of magic in policy; and will they not after that own that we ought to fear everything from him? As he desires that the designs with which he labours may not prove abortive, so he does not assign them a certain day of their birth, but leaves them to the natural productions of fit times and occasions, like those curious artists in China, who temper the mould this day of which a vessel may be made a hundred years hence.

There is another sort of short-sighted politicians among us, who have more of cunning court intrigue and immediate statecraft in them than of true policy and concern for their country's interest. These gentlemen pin entirely their faith upon other people's sleeves; ask as to everything that is proposed to them, how it is liked at Court? what the opinion of their party is concerning it? and if the contrary party is for or against it ? Hereby they rule their judgment, and it is enough for their cunning leaders to brand anything with Whiggism or Jacobitism, for to make these people, without any further inquiry into the matter, blindly espouse it or oppose it. This, it seems, is at present the case of the subject we are upon. Anything said or written


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 Rh in favour of Sweden and the King thereof, is immediately said to come from a Jacobite pen, and thus reviled and rejected, without being read or considered. Nay, I have heard gentlemen go so far as to maintain publicly, and with all the vehemence in the world, that the King of Sweden was a Roman Catholic, and that the Czar was a good Protestant. This, indeed, is one of the greatest misfortunes our country labours under, and till we begin to see with our own eyes, and inquire ourselves into the truth of things, we shall be led away, God knows whither, at last. The serving of Sweden according to our treaties and real interest has nothing to do with our party causes. Instead of seeking for and taking hold of any pretence to undo Sweden, we ought openly to assist it. Could our Protestant succession have a better friend or a bolder champion?

I shall conclude this by thus shortly recapitulating what I have said. That since the Czar has not only replied to the King of Denmark entreating the contrary, but also answered our Admiral Norris, that he would persist in his resolution to delay the descent upon Schonen, and is said by other newspapers to resolve not to make it then, if he can have peace with Sweden; every Prince, and we more particularly, ought to be jealous of his having some such design as I mention in view, and consult how to prevent them, and to clip, in time, his too aspiring wings, which cannot be effectually done, first, without the Maritime Powers please to begin to keep him in some check and awe, and 'tis to be hoped a certain potent nation, that has helped him forward, can, in some measure, bring him back, and may then speak to this great enterpriser in the language of a countryman in Spain, who coming to an image enshrined, the first making whereof he could well remember, and not finding all the respectful usage he expected,—"You need not," quoth he, "be so proud, for we have known you from a plum-tree." The next only way is to restore, by a peace, to the King of Sweden what he has lost; that checks his (the Czar's) power immediately, and on that side nothing else can. I wish it may not at last be found true, that those who have been fighting


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Page:Karl Marx - Secret Diplomatic History of the Eighteenth Century (1899).djvu/52

 48 against that King have, in the main, been fighting against themselves. If the Swede ever has his dominions again, and lowers the high spirit of the Czar, still he may say by his neighbours, as an old Greek hero did, whom his countrymen constantly sent into exile whenever he had clone them a service, but were forced to call him back to their aid, whenever they wanted success. "These people," quoth he, "are always using me like the palm-tree. They will be breaking my branches continually, and yet, if there comes a storm, they run to me, and can't find a better place for shelter." But if he has them not, I shall only exclaim a phrase out of Terence's "Andria":

4. —I flatter myself that this little history is of that curious nature, and on matters hitherto so unobserved, that I consider it, with pride, as a valuable New Year's gift to the present world; and that posterity will accept it, as the like, for many years after, and read it over on that anniversary, and call it their Warning Piece. I must have my Exegi-Monumentum as well as others.


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Page:Karl Marx - Secret Diplomatic History of the Eighteenth Century (1899).djvu/53

 Rh

understand a limited historical epoch, we must step beyond its limits, and compare it with other historical epochs. To judge Governments and their acts, we must measure them by their own times and the conscience of their contemporaries. Nobody will condemn a British statesman of the 17th century for acting on a belief in witchcraft, if he find Bacon himself ranging demonology in the catalogue of science. On the other hand, if the Stanhopes, the Waipoles, the Townshends, etc.? were suspected, opposed, and denounced in their own country by their own contemporaries as tools or accomplices of Russia, it will no longer do to shelter their policy behind the convenient screen of prejudice and ignorance common to their time. At the head of the historical evidence we have to sift, we place, therefore, long-forgotten English pamphlets printed at the very time of Peter I. These preliminary pièces des proces we shall, however, limit to three pamphlets, which, from three different points of view, illustrate the conduct of England towards Sweden. The first, the Northern Crisis (given in Chapter II.), revealing the general system of Russia, and the dangers accruing to England from the Russification of Sweden; the second, called The Defensive Treaty, judging the acts of England by the Treaty of 1700; and the third, entitled Truth is but Truth, however it is Timed, proving that the new-fangled schemes which magnified Russia into the paramount Power of the Baltic were in flagrant opposition to the traditionary policy England had pursued during the course of a whole century.

The pamphlet called The Defensive Treaty bears no date of publication. Yet in one passage it states that,


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 50 for reinforcing the Danish fleet, eight English men-of-war were left at Copenhagen "the year before the last," and in another passage alludes to the assembling of the confederate fleet for the Schonen expedition as having occurred "last summer." As the former event took place in 1715, and the latter towards the end of the summer of 1716, it is evident that the pamphlet was written and published in the earlier part of the year 1717. The Defensive Treaty between England and Sweden, the single articles of which the pamphlet comments upon in the form of queries, was concluded in 1700 between William III. and Charles XII., and was not to expire before 1719. Yet, during almost the whole of this period, we find England continually assisting Russia and waging war against Sweden, either by secret intrigue or open force, although the treaty was never rescinded nor war ever declared. This fact is, perhaps, even less strange than the conspiration de silence under which modern historians have succeeded in burying it, and among them historians by no means sparing of censure against the British Government of that time, for having, without any previous declaration of war, destroyed the Spanish fleet in the Sicilian waters. But then, at least, England was not bound to Spain by a defensive treaty. How, then, are we to explain this contrary treatment of similar cases? The piracy committed against Spain was one of the weapons which the Whig Ministers, seceding from the Cabinet in 1717, caught hold of to harass their remaining colleagues. When the latter stepped forward in 1718, and urged Parliament to declare war against Spain, Sir Robert Walpole rose from his seat in the Commons, and in a most virulent speech denounced the late ministerial acts "as contrary to the laws of nations, and a breach of solemn treaties." "Giving sanction to them in the manner proposed," he said, "could have no other view than to screen ministers, who were conscious of having done something amiss, and who, having begun a war against Spain, would now make it the Parliament's war." The treachery against Sweden and the connivance at the plans of Russia, never happening to afford the ostensible pretext for a family quarrel amongst


text:
Talk:Constitution of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico

Language
The Spanish version is at - https://es.wikisource.org/wiki/Constituci%C3%B3n_del_Estado_Libre_Asociado_de_Puerto_Rico - are both official ? Or is one the actual constitution and the other a translation ? -- Beardo (talk) 23:47, 10 February 2024 (UTC)


text:
Page:The American Library Annual 1913.djvu/21

Rh Jordan Edwards refuses $1500 to tell whereabouts of. Ap 4

Reuben Edwards arrested, charged with aiding. Ap 6

Trial begins. Ap 30

Floyd Allen denies shooting first. Evidence in trial completed. My 11

Floyd Allen sentenced to death. My 17

Trial of Claude Allen begins. My 20

Claude Allen convicted of 2d degree murder for killing Judge Massie. Je 1

Wesley Edwards reported arrested in Ky. Je 13

Claude Allen convicted of first degree murder for killing W: M. Foster. JI27

Friel Allen pleads guilty; gets 18 years. Ag 14

Sidna Edwards pleads second-degree murder; gets 15 years. Ag 17

Floyd and Claude Allen sentenced to death. S 11

Victor Allen acquitted. S 13

Sidna Allen and Wesley Edwards arrested, Des Moines. S 14

Sidna Allen's trial for killing Judge Massie begins. N 12

New trial refused Floyd and Claude Allen. N 18

Execution of Floyd and Claude postponed. N 19

Sidna Allen gets 15 years. N 22

Floyd and Claude S. Allen reprieved until Ja 17, Sidney Allen sentenced to 35 years, and Wesley Edwards 27. D 11

N. J. See

Alma-Tadema, Sir Lawrence, Eng. artist, b. 1836. d. Je 24

Philip Scheidermann, Socialist, attacks Emperor in Reichstag for recent threat against. My 17

Georg Ledebour, Social Democrat, also attacks Emperor. Imperial Chancellor replies. My 22

Alsberg, Dr. Carl L. Chosen to succeed Dr. Wiley as Chemistry Bu. head. D 16

Alsop, E: B. Deeds $3,000,000 in property to sons. Ap I

, Tex. See

Altrichter, Lieut. See N 6

of America. Pittsburg, Pa. Govt, files civil anti-trust suit against. My 16

Agreed decree entered against. Je 7

P. Walling, aviator, stumbles over $20,000 lump on beach, Staten I., N. Y. D22

Meets jointly with Nat. Inst, of Arts and Letters, N. Y. D 13

. Keeps centennial, Worcester, Mass. O 16

Meets, Boston. D 27

Meets, Cleveland, O. O 4

Meets, Chicago. N 12

See also

Meets, N. Y. N 9

Meets, Ann Arbor, Mich. Reported. N 15

Founded, Chicago, to promote safety. J 18

Meets, Detroit. S 10

. Announces distribution of 679,055 Bibles during 1911. Mr 13

Held in New York. My 13-16

See

Meets, Boston. D 27

F: Bierman sues in Sup. ct. for $25,000 for false arrest. F 6

Indicted, Buffalo, on 10 counts by federal grand jury. Ap 12

Denies exceeding schedule. Ap 23

Indictments against held sound. Ag 24

L: D. Brandeis speaks at state convention, Fitchburg, Mass. S 19

Meets, Rochester, N. Y. N 11

Report calls McNamara trial an attempt of employers and newspapers to injure Federation; blames society for McNamara crime. N 12

Radicals lose fight to substitute industrial unionism for trade autonomy. N 20

Commends non-political policy. N 21

Asks unions for funds to defend alleged dynamiters at Indianapolis. N 22

W: D. Haywood, I. W. W. leader, fights J. M. Barnes, Socialist organizer. Gompers re-elected. N 23

See also

Hold joint convention, Atlantic City, N. J. O 24

Meets, Boston. D 27

Reported to have resumed business in N. Y. state; deputy attorney general begins inquiry. Mr 6

Meets, Boston. Je 25

Meets, N. Conway, N. H. Jl 2-5

Meets, Pittsburgh. O 25

Meets, Ottawa. Je28

Meets, Atlantic City. Je 3

Committee declares chloroform, ether and cocaine unsafe. Je3

Dr. Alexis Carrel tells association he can keep human tissues alive nine hours after removal. Je 6

New York. Catlin collection of Indian paintings and Bailey collection of meteorites presented to. F 5

Pres. Taft re-elected president, Washington. D 11


text:
Page:The Battle of the Press, as Told in the Story of the Life of Richard Carlile.djvu/16

4 Carlile was informed that it was Lord Castlereagh, the then Prime Minister, who was so determined to crush him, and also that it was his publication of the horrors of the Manchester massacre and his open letters to the King and Lord Sidmouth that gave the offence—Castlereagh himself having given the order for the massacre, and being solely responsible for it.

The charge of blasphemous libel was decided upon, after much consultation, as the strongest that could be brought to bear upon Carlile, as in that case the help and strength of the Church could be had, and the minds of the people could be turned from the contemplation of that bloody affair at Manchester. So our hero was marked for slaughter. The fiat had gone forth! Judge, Attorney-General, and all the prosecutors were whipped into line and made to try this case and find this verdict, however reluctant they might have been, and were, to do so.

With this view of the case, which I believe to be the correct one, the reader will more readily comprehend how those stingingly sarcastic letters to Gifford must have stung and rankled in the wounds.

Carlile may be said to have travelled his native isle like the champion of old—always mounted on his charger of fearlessness, and armed cap-a-pie for the encounter of his enemies. They always knew where to find him, and he was always ready to do battle for the right and against wrong. He never skulked nor concealed himself, nor took ship to avoid his enemies. He wore his colors in his helmet in plain sight of all, with proud defiance, and if, as sometimes happened, he was for the time worsted in an encounter, he neither cringed nor


text:
Module:Portal header

require('strict')

local p = {}

local getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs local yesno = require('Module:Yesno') local construct_header = require('Module:Header structure').construct_header local portal_class = require('Module:Portal class')._portal_class local portal_parent = require('Module:Portal parent').portal_parent

function p._portal_header(args) local current_title = mw.title.getCurrentTitle local namespace = args.namespace or current_title.nsText local cats = {} local categorize = not yesno(args.nocat) or args.forcecat == 'forced' or (yesno(args.forcecat) ~= false and namespace == 'Portal') args.header_class = 'wst-portal-header' args.main_class = 'wst-portal-header-mainblock ws-header ws-noexport noprint' args.main_title = args.title or current_title.subpageText if not yesno(args.noparent) then if args.parent then -- use the explicit parent args.previous = 'Parent portal: ' .. args.parent .. '' -- tracking cat if categorize then table.insert(cats, '') end else args.previous = tostring(mw.html.create('div'):addClass('wst-portal-parentlink'):wikitext(portal_parent(args))) end end args.notes_class = 'wst-portal-header-notes' if not yesno(args.noclass) then args.notes_left_content = portal_class(args) end if categorize then if args.shortcut then table.insert(cats, '') end

if args.forcecat ~= 'forced' and current_title.isSubpage then table.insert(cats, '') else if args.sortkey then table.insert(cats, '') else table.insert(cats, '') end if not yesno(args.reviewed) then table.insert(cats, '') end end end args.post_notes = table.concat(cats) local stylesheet = tostring(mw.html.create('div'):addClass('ws-noexport'):wikitext(mw.getCurrentFrame:extensionTag('templatestyles', '', {src = 'Portal header/styles.css'}))) return stylesheet .. construct_header(args) end

function p.portal_header(frame) return p._portal_header(getArgs(frame)) end

return p

title: Module:Portal header


text:
Module:Portal header/doc

This module provides the logic for portal header and portal subpage, and is used by Module:Person and Module:Disambiguation.

title: Module:Portal header/doc


text:
Page:The Battle of the Press, as Told in the Story of the Life of Richard Carlile.djvu/7

PAGE.

RICHARD CARLILE Frontispiece.

ELIZA SHARPLES CARLILE Facing p. 145

1

7

21

30

39

53

61

68

IX.— 73

X.—How the Battle was Fought 84

XI.—Fire and Insanity 96

XII.—Free Discussion 104

XIII.—Liberation and After 107

XIV.—The "Prompter" and the Rotunda 119

XV.—Scattered Threads 137

Chapter I.—The Story of "Isis" 147

II.—Isis to Richard Carlile 164

III.—Letters to "Isis" 181

IV.—In Prison Again 192


text: Page:Characteristicks of men, manners, opinions, times Vol 1.djvu/11


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Page:The Black Cat v01no02 (1895-11).pdf/52

50

Hair Cloth Crinoline,

OTWITHSTANDING the great number of imitations and substitutes advertised to be twice

as wide and twice as cheap, has a hold upon the fashionable dressmakers and fashionable women that cannot be shaken. It was only a matter of time for the old adage, "The best is the cheapest," to be proven, and now the demand for the genuine Hair Cloth Crinoline, of which every strand of the weft is pure hair, promises to exceed the output. Experience has also taught the best manner of using it, and the fault of shrinking or cockling, which by the unthinking ones has sometimes been attributed to hair cloth, without for a moment looking for the real cause, that of putting two fabrics of different nature together, either of which may shrink a little, has been overcome by scientific methods of interlining. Shrinking, ironing, and binding hair cloth before putting into a dress has also produced satisfactory results, more than compensating for the little extra trouble in so doing. To make certain of the genuine hair cloth take out a few strands of the weft, pull them, and if found to be elastic it is hair cloth, otherwise imitation.

It is quite easily understood why hair cloth is so elastic and resilient if one will only stop to think that, no matter how many ways human hair is combed, whether twisted, curled, braided, crimped or frizzled, wet or oiled, it will resume its natural position, and, so, too, will Hair Cloth Crinoline, having a weft of pure hair, resume its normal condition.

Such as above referred to is made by the American Hair Cloth Company, of Pawtucket, R. I., the largest hair cloth manufacturers in the world, whose goods are recognized as the leaders throughout the country, and are superior to any foreign or domestic make. They manufacture several grades, suitable for skirts and sleeves, for both day and evening dresses; 10/4, 14/4, 10/5, 200/4, 98/3, usually sold for Skirts; 84/3, 146/3, 170/3, 200/4 for Sleeves.

, Agent.


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Page:The Black Cat v01no01 (1895-10).pdf/23

Rh which skirted the house, I came upon a rear view of the premises. Here I had another surprise, for, detached from the main house and several yards away, stood a long, low brick building with a huge chimney, like a smoke-stack, proceeding from it. Its windows were close against the roof, and probably about twelve feet from the ground, while the only entrance seemed to be by way of a rough bridge extending from a curious door on a line with these windows to a window in the second story of the dwelling-house.

While I stood gazing at this remarkable building I noticed that Mrs. Westinghouse had followed me. I could no longer restrain my curiosity, but pointed to the mysterious building and raised my eyebrows. With an impatient gesture, as though she resented my inquisitiveness, the lady caught up my writing-pad and scribbled: "It is my brother's laboratory; he is a metallurgist. We wish you to come and take a dictation from him."

Then, leading me upstairs, she unlocked a door and ushered me into a large apartment, in which, at that moment, I saw only one object,—a man stretched upon a couch. The coverings, thrown away from the neck and face, revealed both to be shockingly emaciated; the eyes were wild and staring, the lips drawn away from the teeth, which were white and even. But there was strength even in that dying despair—at the first glance I saw that. There was a look of dogged endurance in every line and feature.

Now, Alfred," wrote Mrs. Westinghouse upon my pad and signifying to me that this was my introduction, "here is Miss Wood, a deaf and dumb stenographer we have brought from New York, so there's no longer any reason for your keeping your precious secret. She understands the signs, and can put your words on paper as fast as you can give them to her." Then, passing the pad to the invalid, she turned to her son. "Victor, love," she said, "the writing paper, pencils, and a little table for Miss Wood."

Here they are," said the young man, rolling the table towards me with an ingratiating leer.

I glanced at the invalid. He gave no sign of having read his relative's communication, but lay quite still and breathed


text:
Page:The Black Cat v01no01 (1895-10).pdf/24

22 softly in gasps. I should not have been surprised to have seen him drawing his last breath at any moment.

The woman stood looking at him appealingly until she caught his eye; then she covered her face with her handkerchief, pretending to be overcome by emotion. A moment later she turned aside to Victor and hissed, "Oh, is it too late? If I only knew some torture that would wring from him that secret which would bring us millions."

Then, controlling herself, she went on more calmly: "Sit down, Miss Wood, and take the dictation."

I saw Victor looking at me and had the presence of mind to remain perfectly quiet, without noticing what she said, for, indeed, I had now begun to feel that I was among desperate people, and that it would be best for my well-being to carry out my role as I had begun it. Apparently satisfied that I was as unfortunate as I claimed to be, she signified by motions that I was to seat myself and write as soon as her brother should dictate.

I did so, but while Victor had been occupied in arranging my utensils and Mrs. Westinghouse was absorbed in her pretended emotions the man on the bed had turned his eyes and looked straight into mine. The effect was tremendous. I felt calmed. There was almost an understanding between us. At least, there was sympathy.

As I seated myself and caught up my pencil, he raised his white hands and began to sign to me:—

Show no fright at whatever I say. Pretend to take notes, or you will betray yourself."

Acting on his suggestion, I began tracing disjointed sentences upon the paper.

Then, after allowing me a few moments to recover from the effects of this startling communication, he went on:—

This is no place for you. These people are desperate characters, and if they suspected what I am saying might injure you."

Again a pause, during which I shaded my face with one hand and scrawled senseless marks over the paper with the other. Beneath my lowered lids I could see that two pair of eyes, one bloodshot and the other steely gray, were watching me from a


text: How and What to Grow in a Kitchen Garden of One Acre (10th Ed)/Diagram of the Garden


text: How and What to Grow in a Kitchen Garden of One Acre (10th Ed)/Procuring the Seeds and Plants


text: How and What to Grow in a Kitchen Garden of One Acre (10th Ed)/Hotbeds and Cold Frames


text: How and What to Grow in a Kitchen Garden of One Acre (10th Ed)/Tools


text: How and What to Grow in a Kitchen Garden of One Acre (10th Ed)/Planting the Garden


text:
Page:Principia Discordia (Loompanics Unlimited edition).pdf/101

G. Skripto Dell five years to publish it…maybe that is significant. The 1969 Discordian Society was a mail network between independent writers of various kinds. Norton Cabal was just me and my characters and I used the other cabals as sort of a laboratory. In return other Discordians would bounce their stuff off of me. We would toss in ideas and anybody could take anything out. It was a concept stew. The exchanging of ideas and techniques broadened and encouraged all of us.

I like Illuminatus for the surrealism. A very effective method of writing.

Ignotius: I got misquoted. Worse, I wasn't even in that scene and if I had been then I would have said something else.

Dexter [to Ignotius]: That was me in that scene.

Ignotius: Oh, is that what that was?

Dexter: He got our names mixed up.

Hill: He got mixed up about me too, in Cosmic Trigger. Bob says that when Oswald was buying the assassination rifle, my girlfriend was printing the first edition of Principia on Jim Garrison's Xerox. It wasn't my girl friend, it was Kerry's; it wasn't the First Ed  Principia, it was some earlier Discordian thoughts; it wasn't Garrison's Xerox, it was his mimeograph; and it wasn't just before Kennedy was shot but a couple of years before that.

The First Ed  Principia, by the way, was reproduced at Xerox Corp when xerography was a new technology. Which was my second New Orleans trip in 1965. I worked for a guy on Bourbon Street who was a Xerox salesman by day.

Dexter: I think that George Dorn took too much guff from Hagbard. If someome pulls a weapon on me, I'm more inclined to either leave or kill the sonofabitch.

Occupant: You are supposed to be a pacifist.

Dexter: I'm speaking figuratively of course. I'll tell you more tomorrow. 79/11/26


text:
Page:The Return of the Soldier (Van Druten).djvu/106

 [She bows her head and weeps in silence, hugging the teddy-bear.

You must be brave. I think these are the best things to take him. This is one of the blue jerseys he used to wear. This is the ball he and his father used to play with on the lawn.

(looking up, vaguely bewildered) : Yes yes. You’ve chosen the very things he would remember. Oh, you poor girl!

[She inspects the jersey and the ball, and holds them to her face.

I think I know the kind of boy he was—a man from the first.

[''Then she lays them down and rises from her knees. There, put them back''.

(amazed) : What what do you mean?

I thought I meant to take them to him. But, oh, how can I? How can I?

Either I never should have come or you should let him be. You can’t bring him back. You mustn’t. Oh, perhaps I should’nt have come. I didn’t know myself the second time whether I ought seeing we were both married and that.


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Page:The Return of the Soldier (Van Druten).djvu/107

 When I got his letter asking me to come, I didn’t know. I prayed and prayed and read the Bible, but I couldn’t get any help. You don’t notice how little there is in the Bible really till you go to it for help. But I’ve lived a hard life, and I’ve always done my best for William, and I do know that nothing in the world matters so much as happiness. If anybody’s happy you ought to let them be. There’s not many as are. So I came again. Let him be; let him just go on being happy. If you knew how happy he was just pottering round the garden! Men do love a garden. He could just go on. It can go on so easily. You wouldn’t let them take him away to the asylum! You wouldn’t stop me coming. The other one might Mrs. Baldry  but you’d see she didn’t. There’s no harm in it you know that. Oh, do just let him be!

If my boy had been a cripple—he wasn’t, he had the loveliest limbs—but if he had been, and the doctors had said to me, “We'll straighten your boy’s legs for you, but he’ll be in pain all the rest of his life,” do you think I’d have let them touch him? Do you? Well, it’s like that, isn’t it?

I seemed to have to tell him I knew a way. I suppose it would


text: How and What to Grow in a Kitchen Garden of One Acre (10th Ed)/What to Grow


text: How and What to Grow in a Kitchen Garden of One Acre (10th Ed)/Asparagus


text: How and What to Grow in a Kitchen Garden of One Acre (10th Ed)/Beans


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Page:The Return of the Soldier (Van Druten).djvu/108

 have been sly to sit there and not tell him. I told him, anyhow. Oh, but I can’t do it. I can’t! Go out and put an end to the poor love’s happiness, remind him of all this after the time he’s had, and the war and all. And then he’ll have to go back there back to France. I can’t! I can’t! I oughtn’t to do it, ought I? You know you love him, too. I oughtn’t.

(hardly above a whisper) : No leave him  let him be happy.

[The door R. opens and ''comes in. She is carrying, the Pekinese dog. She freezes as she sees the two women and the toys on the floor''.

Haven’t you finished yet? Chris is waiting for you, Mrs. Grey.

[ ''stares at her, open-mouthed. She passes on, averting her head from the toys, and goes out by the door L''.

(staring after her) : Oh, the poor thing! The little dog’s hers? Chris thought it must be yours. He didn’t think she’d be fond of dogs.

[A long silence.

I’ll put these things back.

(stonily) : No! Chris is a man. He’s grown up. He’s got to face things. It was


text: How and What to Grow in a Kitchen Garden of One Acre (10th Ed)/Beets


text: How and What to Grow in a Kitchen Garden of One Acre (10th Ed)/Cabbages


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Page:The Return of the Soldier (Van Druten).djvu/109

 cowardly of me to say I wouldn’t. We can’t leave him like a child always. A man’s got to live in the world. He'll get old, and then it’ll be horrible a childish old man  people pretending not to notice  being kind about it. He’s got to be a man a real man  whatever it means. He’d be like a child grown up in body and not in mind. It was selfish of me. Give me the jersey and the ball. The truth’s the truth, and he must know it.

The truth’s the truth.

[She puts her arms round ''and kisses her. Then she takes the jersey and the ball and goes to the door R. She stops at the door and leans against the wall—her eyes closed, her face a mask of suffering. The door opens and comes in. He does not see her''.

Jenny, where’s Margaret? She hasn’t gone? You didn’t let her go?

[ moves instinctively to hide the trunk and the toys. comes forward, her face composed now.

(turning) : Oh, there. Kitty said the doctor was talking to you. He’s wasted so much of our time. Let’s go out in the garden.


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Page:The Return of the Soldier (Van Druten).djvu/110

 : Yes, Chris. In the garden. I want to talk to you.

[He slips his arm through hers and they go into the garden together.

stares agonisedly after them, and then sits wretchedly on the Chesterfield. comes in R.

He’d like to see you or the mistress.

Show him in.

[ withdraws and shows in, ''announcing him and then retiring. He is a pathetic little middle-aged clerk, and carries his hat''.

Are you Mrs. Baldry?

She’s in the garden. Did you want to see her?

I don’t


text:
Lays and Legends of Various Nations/Germany Part 3

/Jacob Nimmernuchtern/ /The Lady of Weissenburg/ /The Monks and the Fisherman/ /Legends of Rubezahl/  Rubezahl Transforms Himself into an Ass Rubezahl Makes a Fool of a Noble Rubezahl Sells Pigs How Rubezahl Entertained a Party of Guests
Rubezahl Gives Orders for a Cloak

Rubezahl Turns Wood-Cutter

Rubezahl Changes Himself into a Spear

Rubezahl Changes Leaves into Ducats

 /The Knight on the Black Horse/

/The Frog King; or Iron Henry/

/The Flaming Castle/

/The Wehr-Wolf/

/The Juniper Tree/

/The Crystal Ball/

/The Maiden Without Hands/
 /The Three Miners of Kuttenberg/

/Doctor All-Wise/

/Index/


text:
Lays and Legends of Various Nations/Germany Part 2

/The Legend of Daniel’s Cave/ /Rebundus in the Cathedral of Lubeck/ /The Elves/ /The Lord of Falkenstein/ /The Story of the Popanz/ /The Kobold in the Mill/ /The Three Serpent-Leaves/ /The Hunter Hackelnberg and the Tut-Osel/
/The Bottle-Imp/

/The Legend of Paracelsus/

/Sir Tannhauser/

/The Ancient Ballad of Sir Tannhauser/

/Pepin/

/Honesty is the Best Policy/

/The Smith of Apolda/

/The Riddle/

/The Green Robe/

/Hans Jagenteufel/

/Index/


text:
Lays and Legends of Various Nations/Germany Part 1

 /Introduction/ /Legends of the Kyffhauser Mountain/  The Cellar of the Old Knights in the Kyffhauser The Golden Knops of Flax The Wonderful Flower The Goat-Herd The Old New Married Couple The Enchanted Emperor
The Shepherd and the Emperor

The Emperor and the Musician

The Enchanted Emperor

/Song of the Unfaithful Maiden/

/Gaffer Death/

/The Lay of the Young Count/

/Brother Merry/

/Leonora/

/The Maiden of Boyneburg/

/St. Andrew’s Night/

/The Little Shroud/

/The Little Shroud by L. E. L./

/Ulrich and Annie/

/The Sexton of Magdeburg/

/The Mannikin and the Three Princesses/

/Of One that Went Forth to Learn to be Afraid/

/Abstract of the Romance of the Horny Siegfried/

/The Stolen Pennies/

/The Haunted Castle/

/The Romance of Tyll Eulenspiegel; or, Howleglas/

/Index/


text:
Module:Library of Congress Classification

require('strict')

local p = {}

local getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs

local class_data = mw.loadData('Module:Library of Congress Classification/data')

function p._classification(args) local class = args['class'] local subclass1 = args['subclass1'] local subclass2 = args['subclass2'] if not class then return class_data['default'] end class = string.lower(class) if not class_data[class] then return class_data['default'] elseif type(class_data[class]) == 'string' then return class_data[class] elseif not subclass1 then return class_data[class]['nosubclass'] or class_data['default'] end subclass1 = string.lower(subclass1) if not class_data[class][subclass1] then subclass1 = 'default' end if not class_data[class][subclass1] then return class_data['default'] elseif type(class_data[class][subclass1]) == 'string' then return class_data[class][subclass1] end if not subclass2 then subclass2 = class_data[class]['subclass2_default'] or 'default' end subclass2 = string.lower(subclass2) return class_data[class][subclass1][subclass2] or class_data[class][subclass1]['default'] or class_data['default'] end

function p.classification(frame) return p._classification(getArgs(frame)) end

return p


text:
Page:The Black Cat v01no01 (1895-10).pdf/65

Rh

The Story of Christine Rochefort.

By. Third Edition. $1.25.

"Mrs. Prince, granddaughter of Rufus Choate, has written a novel particularly strong in its well-knit style The personal touches, scenes, and conversations are delightful."—Chicago Times-Herald.

"The story throughout exhibits a sweetness and elevation of tone which is in charming contrast to the generality of novels."—Literary World.

"I like everything about it."—, LL. D.

Daughters of the Revolution.

By, author of "The Drum-Beat of the Nation," etc. With illustrations. Second Edition. Crown, 8vo, $ 1.50.

"Mr. Coffin's story is one of thrilling interest, and is at the same time an historically accurate presentation of the scenes, events, and the spirit of the people of the colonies at the fateful outbreak of the Revolution."—Boston Advertiser.

A Soulless Singer.

By, author of "A Quaker Girl of Nantucket," and "In the Cheering-Up Business." 16mo, $1.25.

"The story's motive is the power of human passion to give to a voice which is otherwise noble and well trained the quality of feeling, of soul, which is essential to the really great singer The story is well written"—Springfield Republican.

"A daintier, prettier love-story than this it would be hard to find."—Chicago Interior.

Under the Man-fig.

By, 16mo, $1.25.

"A story of the old South by a writer who knows well how to use the rich material afforded by that picturesque time and people." —Nashville Banner.

"An exciting story and a strong study of character."—Portland Transcript.

Stories of the Foot-hills.

By. 16mo, $1.25.

"The glimpses of manners and social usages of the Western foot-hills are, in our opinion, more irresistible than the weather-worn peculiarities of New England that have been dragged through so much of the storm and sun of modern fiction."—New York Times.

Philip and His Wife.

By, author of "John Ward, Preacher," "The Old Garden," etc. Eighth Thousand. 16mo, $ 1.25.

"An interesting and absorbing romance, one of those rare creations in our slipshod era of a story as well written as it is interesting."—London Telegraph.

"A book of genuine originality and power."—New York Tribune.

The Story of Lawrence Garthe.

By, author of "The Story of Margaret Kent," etc. 16mo, $1.25.

"I have had a delightful feast, charming and absorbing from beginning to end It is all fascinating, and the plot is managed so admirably throughout."—, LL. D.

Sweet Clover.

By, author of "Dr. Latimer," "Miss Bagg's Secretary," etc. Ninth Thousand. 16mo, $1.25.

"Mrs. Burnham has laid the scene of her pleasant, pure-toned romance among the glories of the White City. It is delightful to have them reanimated in such a vivid manner.—Literary World.

Cœur d'Alene.

By, author of "John Bodewin's Testimony," "The Led Horse Claim," "In Exile," etc. 16mo, $1.25.

"The movement of the story is rapid, the interest most intense, and the event almost tragic; but the narrative is interspersed with many a scene sparkling with humor and brilliant dialogue."—Books, Denver.

''Sold by all booksellers. Sent postpaid, by''


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62

The publishers take pleasure in announcing an unusual amount of good fiction. Early issues of the Atlantic will contain The Apparition of Gran'ther Hill, by Rowland E. Robinson; Pilgrim Station, by Mary Hallock Foote; Athenaise, a Creole Story, by Kate Chopin; The End of the Terror, by Robert Wilson, a Southern writer. Aside from these, there will be stories by Mrs. Wiggin, Henry James, L. Dougall, Ellen Mackubin, and others.

Conspicuous in the Fall issues will be papers of Travel. Lafcadio Hearn will contribute sketches and interpretations of the new Japan. There will be further papers in Mr. Peabody's An Architect's Vacation series, the forthcoming one being entitled The Venetian Day. A delightful paper of Spanish travel by Mrs. Miriam Coles Harris can be promised, and Alice Brown will write of a visit to the original Cranford. Bradford Torrey will publish further sketches of life and nature in his Tennessee haunts. Other articles of special interest, which can perhaps be classed under this head, will be Reminiscences of Eastern Travel by Miss Harriet Waters Preston; and Josiah Flynt, who has become an authority on the vagrant, will contribute one of his entertaining studies of tramp life, The Children of the Road.

The subject of Education will, as usual, receive attention. The Atlantic was the first of the leading magazines to make the discussion of important educational questions one of the features of its pages. In early issues will be printed articles by President Tucker, of Dartmouth, and Professor J. H. Wright, of Harvard

The usual departments and the exhaustive book-reviews will continue to be features of each issue.


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Page:The Atlantic Monthly Volume 1.djvu/612

604 agogue whose views he considered unsound. If Dr. Cooper, then, was able to discover a despicable opinion where most people could find none, might he not have seen what he called a more despicable opinion in some remark equally innocent? Burr did not ask what were the precise terms of the remark to which Cooper alluded; he demanded that Hamilton should disavow Cooper's construction of that expression. He took offence, not at what had been said, but at the inference which another had drawn from what had been said. The justification of such an inference devolved upon Cooper, not Hamilton,—who by no rule of courtesy could be interrogated as to the justice of another's opinions. These difficulties presented themselves to the mind of Hamilton. He stated them in his reply, declared that he was ready to answer for any precise or definite opinion which he had expressed, but refused to explain the import which others had placed upon his language. Unfortunately, the last line of his note contained an intimation that he expected a challenge. Burr rudely retorted, reiterating his demand in most insolent terms. The correspondence then passed into the hands of Nathaniel Pendleton on the part of Hamilton, and William P. Van Ness, a man of peculiar malignity of character, upon the part of Burr. The responsibility of his position weighing upon Hamilton's mind, before the final step was taken, he voluntarily stated that the conversation with Dr. Cooper "related exclusively to political topics, and did not attribute to Burr any instance of dishonorable conduct," and again offered to explain any specific remark. This generous, unusual, and, according to strict etiquette, unwarranted proposition removed at once Burr's cause of complaint. Had he been disposed to an honorable accommodation, he would have received Hamilton's proposal in the spirit in which it was made. But, embarrassed by this liberal offer, he at once changed his ground, abandoned Cooper's remark, which had previously been the sole subject of discussion, and peremptorily insisted that Gen. Hamilton should deny ever having made remarks from which inferences derogatory to him could fairly have been drawn. This demand was plainly unjustifiable. No person would answer such an interrogatory. It showed that Burr's desire was, not to 'satisfy his honor, but to goad his adversary to the field. It establishes the general charge, which Parton virtually admits, that it was not passion excited by a recent insult which impelled him to revenge, but hatred engendered during years of rivalry and stimulated by his late defeat. Burr must long have known Hamilton's feelings towards him. Those feelings had been freely expressed; and Burr's letters discover that he was fully aware of the distrust and hostility with which he was regarded by his political associates and opponents. A man has no claim to satisfaction for an insult given years ago. The entire theory of the duello makes it impossible for one to ask redress for an injury which he has long permitted to go unredressed. The question being, not whether the practice of duelling is wrong, but whether Burr was wrong according to that practice, we have no difficulty in concluding that the challenge was given upon vague and unjustifiable grounds, and that Gen. Hamilton would have been excusable, if he had refused to meet him.

It may be said, that, if Hamilton accepted an improper challenge, he should receive the same condemnation as the one who gave it. But, even on general grounds, some qualification should be made in favor of the challenged party. His is a different position from that of the challenger. A sensitive man, though he think that he is improperly questioned, may have some delicacy about making his own judgment the rule of another's conduct. Besides, there were many considerations peculiar to this case. The menacing tone of Burr's first note made it evident that he meant to force the quarrel to a bloody issue. Hamilton, jealous of his reputation for courage, could not


text:
Module:Library of Congress Classification/doc

This module provides the logic for Library of Congress Classification.


text:
Page:The Atlantic Monthly Volume 1.djvu/611

1858.] not spoken. The evidence on the other side consists of some statements made several years after, by parties concerned, which are by no means so direct and unequivocal as might be wished,—and of a series of depositions taken in some lawsuits instituted by Col. Burr to investigate the truth of this charge. One circumstance, which seems to have escaped the notice of our biographer, casts suspicion upon all these documents. Burr applied to Samuel Smith, a United States Senator from Maryland, for his testimony. Smith gives the following account of the transaction:—"Col. Burr called on me. I told him that I had written my deposition, and would have a fair copy made of it. He said, 'Trust it to me and I will get Mr. to copy it.' I did so, and, on his returning it to me, I found words not mine interpolated in the copy." It is not worth while to discuss a defence which was made out by forgery.

His election to the Vice-Presidency terminated Burr's official career. He was deserted by his party, and denounced by the Republican press. Burning with resentment, he turned upon his enemies, and, supported by the Federalists, became a candidate for the Governorship of New York, in opposition to the Republican nominee. Hamilton, who alone among the Federal statesmen had openly opposed Burr during the contest for the Presidency, again separated from his party, and earnestly denounced him. Burr was defeated by an enormous majority. His disappointment and anger at being again foiled by Hamilton prompted him to the most notorious and unfortunate act of his life.

In speaking of his duel with Gen. Hamilton, we do not intend to judge Col. Burr's conduct by the rules by which a more enlightened public opinion now judges the duellist He and his adversary acted according to the custom of their time; by that standard let them be measured. Mr. Parton thinks that the challenge was as "near an approach to a reasonable and inevitable action as an action can be which is intrinsically wrong and absurd." By this we understand him to say that the course of Col. Burr was in accordance with the etiquette which then governed men of the world in such affairs. We think differently.

During the election for Governor, Dr. Cooper, of Albany, heard Hamilton declare that he was opposed to Burr, and made a public statement to that effect. Gen. Schuyler denied the truth of this assertion, which Dr. Cooper then reiterated in a published letter, saying that Hamilton and Judge Kent had both characterized Burr as "a dangerous man, and one who ought not to be trusted with the reins of government," and that "he could detail a still more despicable opinion which Gen. Hamilton had expressed of Mr. Burr." Nearly two months after this letter was written, Burr addressed a note to Hamilton asking for an unqualified acknowledgment or denial of the use of any expression which would justify Dr. Cooper's assertion. The dispute turned upon the words "more despicable," and as to them there obviously were many difficulties. Cooper thought that the expression, "a dangerous man and one who ought not to be trusted with the reins of government," conveyed a despicable opinion; but many persons might think that such language did not go beyond the reasonable limits of political animadversion. Burr himself made no objection to that particular phrase; he did not allude to it except by way of explanation. The use of such language was common. In his celebrated attack upon John Adams, Hamilton had spoken of Mr. Jefferson as an "ineligible and dangerous candidate." The same words had been publicly applied to Burr himself, two years before. He did not see anything despicable in the opinion then expressed. A man may be unfit for office from lack of capacity, and dangerous on account of his principles. The most rigid construction of the Code of Honor has never compelled a person to fight every fool whom he thought unworthy of public station, and every dem-


text:
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Rh The Hook That's Flat

The Hook that shows isn't so good as the Hook that doesn't. There's no show to the Singer Hook and Eye. Sold everywhere.

The Ink

used in printing

The Black Cat

is manufactured by

Geo. H. Morrill & Co.,

Boston, Mass.

Williams' Shaving Soap

''Williams' Shaving Soaps have been famous for fifty years.''

Sold by dealers everywhere.

THE J. B. WILLIAMS CO.,

GLASTONBURY, CONN.


text:
Page:Peterson's Magazine 1843, Volume III.pdf/7

ACMA G A EL.

BUTLER 4 THE LADY'S

HOUSE OF THE CACIQUES.*

CHI-CHEN RUINS.

BY B. M. NORMAN.

SITUATED about three rods south-west of the ruins of the Dome are those of the House of the Caciques, a sublime pile, and in the most perfect state of preservation of all those of Chi- Chen. We cut our way through the thick growth of small wood, and reached the eastern front of the buildings by means of the compass. Here we felled the trees that hid it, and the whole front was opened to our view in good condition, forming a most strange and elaborate piece of workmanship, entirely beyond our comprehension-no order of architecture with which we were acquainted being perceptible. This front measures thirty-two feet, and its height twenty ; extending to the main building fifty feet.

Over the door-way, which resembles, in a very slight degree, the Egyptian, is a heavy lintel of stone, containing two double rows of hieroglyphics, with a sculptured ornament intervening. Above these are the remains of carved hooks of stone, with raised lines of drapery running through them; which, apparently, have been broken off by the falling of the heavy finishing from the top of the building ; over which, surrounded by a variety of chaste and beautifully executed borders, among which is the unique Chinese, encircled within a wreath is a female figure, in a sitting posture, in bassorelievo; having a head-dress of feathers, cords and tassels, and neck ornaments. The angles of this building are tastefully curved. The ornaments continue round the sides, which are divided in two compartments; being different, however, in the arrangement, although the style is similar throughout. The large projecting hooks skilfully worked, and perfect rosettes and stars, with spears reversed, are put together with the utmost precision.

The ornaments are composed of small square blocks of stone, cut to the depth of about one to one and a half inches, apparently with the most delicate and perfect instruments, and inserted or held by a shaft in the wall. The wall is made of large and uniformly square blocks of concrete limestone, set in mortar, which appears to be as durable as the stone itself. In the ornamental borders of this building we could discover but little analogy with those known to us. The most striking were those of the cornice and entablature, "chevron,"

excited much attention. The ruins of cities discovered by him prove, beyond a doubt, the former existence of a powerful and refined nation in the heart of Yucatan. But no traces of this once mighty people now remain except the crumbling and half buried edifices and temples which they reared. Mr. Norman has kindly furnished us with a drawing, accompanied by a description of the most remarkable of these ruins. We have had the drawing engraved to illustrate this paper.
 * The travels of Mr. Norman in Yucatan have lately


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Rh most dangerous counterfeiters that ever attacked the currency of the United States, the Daily News said:—

"The most remarkable part of the whole story is that one of the coins, fresh from the machine of one of the counterfeiters, fell out of a third-story window near which he was working, was picked up while almost red hot by a letter-carrier, and passed as genuine through various hands until it reached Buffalo, where, by the merest accident, it came into the possession of Mr. Ansel Hobart of the Secret Service. That gentleman noticed an imperfection at one point of its rim, and succeeded in tracing the coin to the headquarters of the gang on Vine Street in this city, where, under the cloak of a locksmith shop and green grocery business, six hundred of the spurious coins were turned out daily. So admirably were these counterfeits executed as to defy scrutiny save by experts of the Government. The coins were not cast in molds after the ordinary fashion, but were struck with a die, and plated so thickly with silver as to withstand tests by acids. The defect which led to the discovery was found only in the one coin already spoken of, and it is supposed that it was this defect that caused the piece to spring from the finishing machine and fall out of the window."

And the New York newspapers of three days later contained the intelligence that the White Star steamer "Majestic," which sailed for Liverpool that day, had among her passengers Mr. and Mrs. Ansel J. Hobart, of Chicago, Illinois.


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48 A few days before, the carrier was engaged in delivering mail from door to door along Vine Street, Philadelphia, when a zig-zag trip across the street and back again brought him to the narrow stairway of a dingy brick house, in front of which hung an enormous brass key bearing the word "Locksmith." Here he paused to draw a little parcel from his bundle. As he did so he heard something fall with a metallic clink upon the stone pavement. He looked and saw that it was a silver dollar, which rolled toward the gutter and came to a stop close by the curb. Hastening to pick it up, he instantly dropped it with a cry of pain.

The coin was almost red hot!

The letter-carrier stood nursing his hand and thinking for two or three minutes. Silver dollars do not commonly drop out of the sky. But that this one should thus fall like a meteorite in a condition too heated for handling was certainly more than surprising—it was astounding! The man looked up at the dingy brick house and examined it attentively, noting that the ground floor was occupied as a green grocery and that all of the windows were shut save one in the third story.

Then he kicked the mysterious coin into a puddle, fished it out again with his fingers, and put it into his trousers' pocket. He was about to investigate further, when some small boys called his attention to the fact that it was the first day of April, whereupon he proceeded on his way. He gave no further thought to the matter until that night, when he found that his thumb and forefinger had been so badly burned as to require treatment.

The next morning he called upon the doctor, who dressed the painful hand and received the mysterious coin in payment for his services.

That night, behind locked doors in one of the officers' rooms of the United States Mint in Chestnut Street, two men were engaged in a long whispered conference. The wife of one of the men, as she sat in her room in the Continental Hotel, anxiously waiting for her husband, was beginning to wonder whether, after all, marriage was a failure!

Two days later, in speaking of the seizure of over forty thousand bogus silver dollars and the clever capture of three of the