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1em {|
 * width=16px !important|
 * width=454px !important|
 * width=60px !important|
 * colspan = 3 |PART II.
 * THE WESTERN WATERSHED OF THE JORDAN AND DEAD SEA BASIN.
 * colspan = 3 |Page
 * colspan = 2 |. Onfall into HuleTi Marsh at es Salihiyeh, 33 10' N. Lot
 * The head of the Jordan Basin. Wady et Teim and Nahr el Hasbany. Merj 'Ayun. Perennial Fountains of the Jordan. Tell el Kady. Dan. 'Ain and Nahr Leddan. Banias, fount and stream. Nahr Bareighit.
 * colspan = 2 | Outfall, 32 2' 16" N. Lat.
 * The affluents of the Huleh from Kades and Meis. Wady Arus. 'Ain el Mellahah.
 * colspan = 2 | Outfall, 33 3' 3" N. Lat.
 * The Waterparting.
 * colspan = 2 |
 * Wady Musheirifeh. Wady Loziyeh. Wady Zuhtuk. Wady Jamus.
 * colspan = 2 | Outfall, 32 51' N. Lat.
 * colspan = 2 | Outfall, 32 50' 30" N. Lat.
 * colspan = 2 | Outfall, 32 49' 50 N. Lat.
 * colspan = 2 | Outfall, 32 41' 50" N. Lat.
 * colspan = 2 | Outfall, 32 36' N. Lat.
 * Wady Dabu, Yebla, or Esh-sheh.
 * colspan = 2 | Outfall, 32° 31' N. Lat
 * 'Ain Jalud. Zerin (Jezreel). Beisan (Bethshean). Head of the Basin. Valley of Jezreel. Wady el Hufiyir. Wady es Sidr. 'Ain Tub'aun or Tubania. Kanat es Sokny. Wady el Hariyeh.
 * colspan = 2 | Outfall, 32 24' 30" N. Lat.
 * Elevated glens, or lateral valleys of el Mughair and Raba. Ka'aun, the ancient Coabis.
 * colspan = 2 | Outfall, 32 23' 35" N. Lat.
 * colspan = 2 | Outfall, 32 21' 25" N. Lat.
 * Waterparting. Three main branches: Wady el Maleh and Castle. Wady Helweh. Wady ed Duba.
 * colspan = 2 |
 * The Slope. Wady Umm el Kharrubeh. Wady Shaib. Wady el Bukei'a and Abu Sidreh. The Ghor and the Zor. Sh'ab el Ghoraniyeh.
 * }
 * The Waterparting.
 * colspan = 2 |
 * Wady Musheirifeh. Wady Loziyeh. Wady Zuhtuk. Wady Jamus.
 * colspan = 2 | Outfall, 32 51' N. Lat.
 * colspan = 2 | Outfall, 32 50' 30" N. Lat.
 * colspan = 2 | Outfall, 32 49' 50 N. Lat.
 * colspan = 2 | Outfall, 32 41' 50" N. Lat.
 * colspan = 2 | Outfall, 32 36' N. Lat.
 * Wady Dabu, Yebla, or Esh-sheh.
 * colspan = 2 | Outfall, 32° 31' N. Lat
 * 'Ain Jalud. Zerin (Jezreel). Beisan (Bethshean). Head of the Basin. Valley of Jezreel. Wady el Hufiyir. Wady es Sidr. 'Ain Tub'aun or Tubania. Kanat es Sokny. Wady el Hariyeh.
 * colspan = 2 | Outfall, 32 24' 30" N. Lat.
 * Elevated glens, or lateral valleys of el Mughair and Raba. Ka'aun, the ancient Coabis.
 * colspan = 2 | Outfall, 32 23' 35" N. Lat.
 * colspan = 2 | Outfall, 32 21' 25" N. Lat.
 * Waterparting. Three main branches: Wady el Maleh and Castle. Wady Helweh. Wady ed Duba.
 * colspan = 2 |
 * The Slope. Wady Umm el Kharrubeh. Wady Shaib. Wady el Bukei'a and Abu Sidreh. The Ghor and the Zor. Sh'ab el Ghoraniyeh.
 * }
 * colspan = 2 | Outfall, 32 41' 50" N. Lat.
 * colspan = 2 | Outfall, 32 36' N. Lat.
 * Wady Dabu, Yebla, or Esh-sheh.
 * colspan = 2 | Outfall, 32° 31' N. Lat
 * 'Ain Jalud. Zerin (Jezreel). Beisan (Bethshean). Head of the Basin. Valley of Jezreel. Wady el Hufiyir. Wady es Sidr. 'Ain Tub'aun or Tubania. Kanat es Sokny. Wady el Hariyeh.
 * colspan = 2 | Outfall, 32 24' 30" N. Lat.
 * Elevated glens, or lateral valleys of el Mughair and Raba. Ka'aun, the ancient Coabis.
 * colspan = 2 | Outfall, 32 23' 35" N. Lat.
 * colspan = 2 | Outfall, 32 21' 25" N. Lat.
 * Waterparting. Three main branches: Wady el Maleh and Castle. Wady Helweh. Wady ed Duba.
 * colspan = 2 |
 * The Slope. Wady Umm el Kharrubeh. Wady Shaib. Wady el Bukei'a and Abu Sidreh. The Ghor and the Zor. Sh'ab el Ghoraniyeh.
 * }
 * 'Ain Jalud. Zerin (Jezreel). Beisan (Bethshean). Head of the Basin. Valley of Jezreel. Wady el Hufiyir. Wady es Sidr. 'Ain Tub'aun or Tubania. Kanat es Sokny. Wady el Hariyeh.
 * colspan = 2 | Outfall, 32 24' 30" N. Lat.
 * Elevated glens, or lateral valleys of el Mughair and Raba. Ka'aun, the ancient Coabis.
 * colspan = 2 | Outfall, 32 23' 35" N. Lat.
 * colspan = 2 | Outfall, 32 21' 25" N. Lat.
 * Waterparting. Three main branches: Wady el Maleh and Castle. Wady Helweh. Wady ed Duba.
 * colspan = 2 |
 * The Slope. Wady Umm el Kharrubeh. Wady Shaib. Wady el Bukei'a and Abu Sidreh. The Ghor and the Zor. Sh'ab el Ghoraniyeh.
 * }
 * Elevated glens, or lateral valleys of el Mughair and Raba. Ka'aun, the ancient Coabis.
 * colspan = 2 | Outfall, 32 23' 35" N. Lat.
 * colspan = 2 | Outfall, 32 21' 25" N. Lat.
 * Waterparting. Three main branches: Wady el Maleh and Castle. Wady Helweh. Wady ed Duba.
 * colspan = 2 |
 * The Slope. Wady Umm el Kharrubeh. Wady Shaib. Wady el Bukei'a and Abu Sidreh. The Ghor and the Zor. Sh'ab el Ghoraniyeh.
 * }
 * Waterparting. Three main branches: Wady el Maleh and Castle. Wady Helweh. Wady ed Duba.
 * colspan = 2 |
 * The Slope. Wady Umm el Kharrubeh. Wady Shaib. Wady el Bukei'a and Abu Sidreh. The Ghor and the Zor. Sh'ab el Ghoraniyeh.
 * }
 * colspan = 2 |
 * The Slope. Wady Umm el Kharrubeh. Wady Shaib. Wady el Bukei'a and Abu Sidreh. The Ghor and the Zor. Sh'ab el Ghoraniyeh.
 * }
 * The Slope. Wady Umm el Kharrubeh. Wady Shaib. Wady el Bukei'a and Abu Sidreh. The Ghor and the Zor. Sh'ab el Ghoraniyeh.
 * }
 * The Slope. Wady Umm el Kharrubeh. Wady Shaib. Wady el Bukei'a and Abu Sidreh. The Ghor and the Zor. Sh'ab el Ghoraniyeh.
 * }
 * }
 * }
 * }


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1em {|
 * width=16px !important|
 * width=454px !important|
 * width=60px !important|
 * colspan = 2 | Outfall, 32° 2' 20" N. Lat.
 * Waterparting. Dimensions. Head of the Basin in two parts. 1. Southern part Plains of Rûjib, Askar, and Salim, Chasm of Wady Beidan. 2. Northern part Two centres at 'Ain and Tell Fâr'ah, and Wady Beidan. Wady Fâr'ah. Sea Level. Fall. Three divisions. El Fersh. Buseiliyeh. Gorge. The Kurawa. Masudy Arabs. Archelaus. Affluents. Shab esh Shinar. Nukb el Arais. Wady el Jozeleh. Route of Abram, Jacob, and Benhadad the Syrian.
 * colspan = 2 | Outfall, 32° 1' 30" N. Lat.
 * Waterparting or Boundary. Wady el Humr. Wady el Kerad. Wady Zamur and ed Dowa. Gorge. Wady el Ifjim. Precipitous Chasm. Wady Zakaska. Kurn Surtubeh. Wady Fusail. Phasaëlis.
 * colspan = 2 | Outfall, 31° 55' 10" N. Lat.
 * Waterparting. Three divisions. (1.) Wady el Mellahah. Wady Unkur edh Dbib. Wady Bakr. Wady Mekûr edh Dhib. Change in the base of the Mountains. Expansion of Low Hills. Intermediate Plain, probably the Plain of Keziz. (2.) Wady el 'Aiijah. 'Ain Samieh. 'Ain el 'Aûjah. Wady Abu el Haiyat. Wady Sebata. Wady el Abeid. Wady en Nejmeh. Wady Dar el Jerir. Wady Lueit. (3.) Wady Abu Obeideh. Wady Umm Sirah. Rectifications.
 * colspan = 2 | Outfall 31° 53' 10" N. Lat.
 * A Traditional Mountain of the Temptation.
 * colspan = 2 | Outfall, 31° 52' 28" N. Lat.
 * Sources. Waterparting or Boundary. Curvature of the Basin, and its effect on Lateral Communication. Watercourses. Wady el 'Ain. Khallet es Sultan. Wady el Kanabis. Wady Muheisin. Wady Asis. Rummon("the Rock Rimmon"). Wady Abu el Haiyat, and Wady el Asa. Wady es Sineisileh. Wady Rummamaneh. Wady el Harik. Wady el Makûk. Wady Abu Jurnan. 'Ain en Nûei'ameh. 'Ain ed Dûk. Osh el Ghurab. El Grhoraniyeh Ford.
 * colspan = 2 | Outfall, 31° 49' 30" N. Lat.
 * Waterparting. Extent. Watercourses in two parts. (1) Wady Suweinit. Ai. Wady el Medineh. Wady en Netîf. Jeba (G-eba). Mukhmas (Michmash). Site of Philistine camp. The Rocks Bozez and Sen eh. (2) Wady Farah. Wady Redeideh. Wady esSenam. Wady Zimrij. Wady en Nimr. Wady en Nukheileh. 'Ain el Kelt. Wady el Kelt. Wady Abu Duba. Khan Hathrurah and Talat et Dumm on the Jericho Road. Defile. Jericho. Khaur Abu Dhahy. 'Ain Hajlah. Wady Rijan. Roads and tracks. Valley of Zeboim or the Hyenas' Ravine identified with Wady Sikya. Note on Ai.
 * colspan = 2 | Outfall of el Kueiserah, 31° 45' 40" N. Lat.
 * Formerly Wady Dabor. Slight contact with Mediterranean Slope.
 * }
 * colspan = 2 | Outfall, 31° 55' 10" N. Lat.
 * Waterparting. Three divisions. (1.) Wady el Mellahah. Wady Unkur edh Dbib. Wady Bakr. Wady Mekûr edh Dhib. Change in the base of the Mountains. Expansion of Low Hills. Intermediate Plain, probably the Plain of Keziz. (2.) Wady el 'Aiijah. 'Ain Samieh. 'Ain el 'Aûjah. Wady Abu el Haiyat. Wady Sebata. Wady el Abeid. Wady en Nejmeh. Wady Dar el Jerir. Wady Lueit. (3.) Wady Abu Obeideh. Wady Umm Sirah. Rectifications.
 * colspan = 2 | Outfall 31° 53' 10" N. Lat.
 * A Traditional Mountain of the Temptation.
 * colspan = 2 | Outfall, 31° 52' 28" N. Lat.
 * Sources. Waterparting or Boundary. Curvature of the Basin, and its effect on Lateral Communication. Watercourses. Wady el 'Ain. Khallet es Sultan. Wady el Kanabis. Wady Muheisin. Wady Asis. Rummon("the Rock Rimmon"). Wady Abu el Haiyat, and Wady el Asa. Wady es Sineisileh. Wady Rummamaneh. Wady el Harik. Wady el Makûk. Wady Abu Jurnan. 'Ain en Nûei'ameh. 'Ain ed Dûk. Osh el Ghurab. El Grhoraniyeh Ford.
 * colspan = 2 | Outfall, 31° 49' 30" N. Lat.
 * Waterparting. Extent. Watercourses in two parts. (1) Wady Suweinit. Ai. Wady el Medineh. Wady en Netîf. Jeba (G-eba). Mukhmas (Michmash). Site of Philistine camp. The Rocks Bozez and Sen eh. (2) Wady Farah. Wady Redeideh. Wady esSenam. Wady Zimrij. Wady en Nimr. Wady en Nukheileh. 'Ain el Kelt. Wady el Kelt. Wady Abu Duba. Khan Hathrurah and Talat et Dumm on the Jericho Road. Defile. Jericho. Khaur Abu Dhahy. 'Ain Hajlah. Wady Rijan. Roads and tracks. Valley of Zeboim or the Hyenas' Ravine identified with Wady Sikya. Note on Ai.
 * colspan = 2 | Outfall of el Kueiserah, 31° 45' 40" N. Lat.
 * Formerly Wady Dabor. Slight contact with Mediterranean Slope.
 * }
 * A Traditional Mountain of the Temptation.
 * colspan = 2 | Outfall, 31° 52' 28" N. Lat.
 * Sources. Waterparting or Boundary. Curvature of the Basin, and its effect on Lateral Communication. Watercourses. Wady el 'Ain. Khallet es Sultan. Wady el Kanabis. Wady Muheisin. Wady Asis. Rummon("the Rock Rimmon"). Wady Abu el Haiyat, and Wady el Asa. Wady es Sineisileh. Wady Rummamaneh. Wady el Harik. Wady el Makûk. Wady Abu Jurnan. 'Ain en Nûei'ameh. 'Ain ed Dûk. Osh el Ghurab. El Grhoraniyeh Ford.
 * colspan = 2 | Outfall, 31° 49' 30" N. Lat.
 * Waterparting. Extent. Watercourses in two parts. (1) Wady Suweinit. Ai. Wady el Medineh. Wady en Netîf. Jeba (G-eba). Mukhmas (Michmash). Site of Philistine camp. The Rocks Bozez and Sen eh. (2) Wady Farah. Wady Redeideh. Wady esSenam. Wady Zimrij. Wady en Nimr. Wady en Nukheileh. 'Ain el Kelt. Wady el Kelt. Wady Abu Duba. Khan Hathrurah and Talat et Dumm on the Jericho Road. Defile. Jericho. Khaur Abu Dhahy. 'Ain Hajlah. Wady Rijan. Roads and tracks. Valley of Zeboim or the Hyenas' Ravine identified with Wady Sikya. Note on Ai.
 * colspan = 2 | Outfall of el Kueiserah, 31° 45' 40" N. Lat.
 * Formerly Wady Dabor. Slight contact with Mediterranean Slope.
 * }
 * Sources. Waterparting or Boundary. Curvature of the Basin, and its effect on Lateral Communication. Watercourses. Wady el 'Ain. Khallet es Sultan. Wady el Kanabis. Wady Muheisin. Wady Asis. Rummon("the Rock Rimmon"). Wady Abu el Haiyat, and Wady el Asa. Wady es Sineisileh. Wady Rummamaneh. Wady el Harik. Wady el Makûk. Wady Abu Jurnan. 'Ain en Nûei'ameh. 'Ain ed Dûk. Osh el Ghurab. El Grhoraniyeh Ford.
 * colspan = 2 | Outfall, 31° 49' 30" N. Lat.
 * Waterparting. Extent. Watercourses in two parts. (1) Wady Suweinit. Ai. Wady el Medineh. Wady en Netîf. Jeba (G-eba). Mukhmas (Michmash). Site of Philistine camp. The Rocks Bozez and Sen eh. (2) Wady Farah. Wady Redeideh. Wady esSenam. Wady Zimrij. Wady en Nimr. Wady en Nukheileh. 'Ain el Kelt. Wady el Kelt. Wady Abu Duba. Khan Hathrurah and Talat et Dumm on the Jericho Road. Defile. Jericho. Khaur Abu Dhahy. 'Ain Hajlah. Wady Rijan. Roads and tracks. Valley of Zeboim or the Hyenas' Ravine identified with Wady Sikya. Note on Ai.
 * colspan = 2 | Outfall of el Kueiserah, 31° 45' 40" N. Lat.
 * Formerly Wady Dabor. Slight contact with Mediterranean Slope.
 * }
 * Waterparting. Extent. Watercourses in two parts. (1) Wady Suweinit. Ai. Wady el Medineh. Wady en Netîf. Jeba (G-eba). Mukhmas (Michmash). Site of Philistine camp. The Rocks Bozez and Sen eh. (2) Wady Farah. Wady Redeideh. Wady esSenam. Wady Zimrij. Wady en Nimr. Wady en Nukheileh. 'Ain el Kelt. Wady el Kelt. Wady Abu Duba. Khan Hathrurah and Talat et Dumm on the Jericho Road. Defile. Jericho. Khaur Abu Dhahy. 'Ain Hajlah. Wady Rijan. Roads and tracks. Valley of Zeboim or the Hyenas' Ravine identified with Wady Sikya. Note on Ai.
 * colspan = 2 | Outfall of el Kueiserah, 31° 45' 40" N. Lat.
 * Formerly Wady Dabor. Slight contact with Mediterranean Slope.
 * }
 * colspan = 2 | Outfall of el Kueiserah, 31° 45' 40" N. Lat.
 * Formerly Wady Dabor. Slight contact with Mediterranean Slope.
 * }
 * Formerly Wady Dabor. Slight contact with Mediterranean Slope.
 * }
 * }
 * }
 * }

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Page:The Sense of the Past (London, W. Collins Sons & Co., 1917).djvu/51

was not till he reached the street that he took in all she meant—as in particular by those last words. Without sense or sight, on leaving the house, he turned mechanically to the left and went blankly before him. This was not his way home, but he had no thought for ways. He moved simply because if he didn't there was nothing for him but to sit down on the first other doorstep. He felt mainly a great weakness—felt almost nothing else; yet it was a weakness that, oddly, sustained him for a long stretch, carried him up to the Park, determined his passing in, and then made him proceed unheedingly from the nearer to the further end. It was only on reaching the distant limit that he so much as noted a bench. The one he noted, however, he quickly sank upon; and little by little, thereafter, he gained a second consciousness. This was a perception of the beauty of the day, the mildest mood of March. The windless air, charged with spring, was like a brimming cup held still. The weather was divine, 37


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1em {|
 * width=16px !important|
 * width=454px !important|
 * width=60px !important|
 * Waterparting or boundary. Minor Basins falling into the Dead Sea. Wady Talat et Dumm. Wady Mukarfet Kattum. Wady Joreif Ghuzûl. Watercourses of el Kueiserah Basin. Wady Seleim. Gorges of Deir esidd. Wady Ruabeh from Mount of Olives. Wady es Sidr. Pass of Thogret ed Debr. Wady el Lehhâm from Mount of Olives. Wady el Haud. Wady el Jemel. Jebel Ekteif. Wady el Mudowerah, and Wady ed Dedakin. Roads. Gorge of el Mukelik. David's Flight from Absolom.
 * colspan = 2 | Outfall of Wady en Nar, 31° 40' 20" N. Lat.
 * Wady Jofet Zeben. Wady Kumran. Plateau of el Bukei'a. War ez Zeranik. 'Am Feshkah. Wady es Sammârah. Waterparting of Wady en Nar Basin. Valley of Jehoshaphat and the Valley of Hinnom. Bir Eyûb. Wady Abu Aly. Mar Saba. Roads from Jerusalem to Mar Saba. Wady Akhsheikh. Wady Jerfân. Wady 'Alya. Wady el Areis. Wady Umm eth Theleithât. Rectifications.
 * colspan = 2 | Outfall, 31° 34' 35" N. Lat.
 * Wady el Ghuweir. Waterparting. Divisions. (1) Wady el Kaah. Wady Sainurah. Wady Lozeh. Wady Umm el Kulah. Wady et Tin. Wady el War. Wady D'abûd and Wady el T'amireh. Wady el Meshash. Wady el Bussah. (2) Wady el Bîar. Valley of Berachah. Aqueduct. Wady Fureidis. Cliffs and Caves of Khureitun, the traditional Adullam. Wady Jubb Iblan. Chasm of Wady Muallak. (3) Wady Mukta el Juss.
 * colspan = 2 | Outfall of Wady el 'Areijeh, 31° 27' 30" N. Lat.
 * Outfall. Minor Basins: Wady Hûsâsah, Wady esh Shukf, Wady Sideir, Wady Marjari. Eoads from 'Ain Jidy. Waterparting or boundary of el 'Areijeh Basin. Watercourses of el 'Areijeh. Plateau of el 'Arrûb. Wady el 'Arrûb, and its affluents. Gorge of Wady el Jihar and Wady el Gbar. Plateau of Jihar and Ghar. Wady Umm el 'Ausej. Wady es Suweidiyeh and Wady es Sûkiyeh. Route.
 * colspan = 2| Outfall, 31° 24' N. Lat.
 * Waterparting or boundary. Three divisions. (1) Wady Jerfân. Wady el Kuryeh. Wady Nimr. Wady es Sihaniveh. Wady Umm Kheiyirah. (2) Wady Malâki. Wady Kueiwis. Wady el War. Malâki and Khubera Gorges. (3) Wady Eujm el Khulil. A scene of David's exploits.
 * colspan = 2 | Outfall of Wady Seiyal, 31° 19' 47" N. Lat
 * Wady Mahras. Wady el Kasheibeh. W. Sufeisif. Waterparting of Wady Seiyal Basin. Wady Khurbet et Teibeh. Wady el Kureitein. Wady es Sennein. Wady Mutan Munjid. Wady Umm Jem at. Wady el Khuseibiyeh.
 * colspan = 3 |
 * }
 * colspan = 2 | Outfall, 31° 34' 35" N. Lat.
 * Wady el Ghuweir. Waterparting. Divisions. (1) Wady el Kaah. Wady Sainurah. Wady Lozeh. Wady Umm el Kulah. Wady et Tin. Wady el War. Wady D'abûd and Wady el T'amireh. Wady el Meshash. Wady el Bussah. (2) Wady el Bîar. Valley of Berachah. Aqueduct. Wady Fureidis. Cliffs and Caves of Khureitun, the traditional Adullam. Wady Jubb Iblan. Chasm of Wady Muallak. (3) Wady Mukta el Juss.
 * colspan = 2 | Outfall of Wady el 'Areijeh, 31° 27' 30" N. Lat.
 * Outfall. Minor Basins: Wady Hûsâsah, Wady esh Shukf, Wady Sideir, Wady Marjari. Eoads from 'Ain Jidy. Waterparting or boundary of el 'Areijeh Basin. Watercourses of el 'Areijeh. Plateau of el 'Arrûb. Wady el 'Arrûb, and its affluents. Gorge of Wady el Jihar and Wady el Gbar. Plateau of Jihar and Ghar. Wady Umm el 'Ausej. Wady es Suweidiyeh and Wady es Sûkiyeh. Route.
 * colspan = 2| Outfall, 31° 24' N. Lat.
 * Waterparting or boundary. Three divisions. (1) Wady Jerfân. Wady el Kuryeh. Wady Nimr. Wady es Sihaniveh. Wady Umm Kheiyirah. (2) Wady Malâki. Wady Kueiwis. Wady el War. Malâki and Khubera Gorges. (3) Wady Eujm el Khulil. A scene of David's exploits.
 * colspan = 2 | Outfall of Wady Seiyal, 31° 19' 47" N. Lat
 * Wady Mahras. Wady el Kasheibeh. W. Sufeisif. Waterparting of Wady Seiyal Basin. Wady Khurbet et Teibeh. Wady el Kureitein. Wady es Sennein. Wady Mutan Munjid. Wady Umm Jem at. Wady el Khuseibiyeh.
 * colspan = 3 |
 * }
 * Outfall. Minor Basins: Wady Hûsâsah, Wady esh Shukf, Wady Sideir, Wady Marjari. Eoads from 'Ain Jidy. Waterparting or boundary of el 'Areijeh Basin. Watercourses of el 'Areijeh. Plateau of el 'Arrûb. Wady el 'Arrûb, and its affluents. Gorge of Wady el Jihar and Wady el Gbar. Plateau of Jihar and Ghar. Wady Umm el 'Ausej. Wady es Suweidiyeh and Wady es Sûkiyeh. Route.
 * colspan = 2| Outfall, 31° 24' N. Lat.
 * Waterparting or boundary. Three divisions. (1) Wady Jerfân. Wady el Kuryeh. Wady Nimr. Wady es Sihaniveh. Wady Umm Kheiyirah. (2) Wady Malâki. Wady Kueiwis. Wady el War. Malâki and Khubera Gorges. (3) Wady Eujm el Khulil. A scene of David's exploits.
 * colspan = 2 | Outfall of Wady Seiyal, 31° 19' 47" N. Lat
 * Wady Mahras. Wady el Kasheibeh. W. Sufeisif. Waterparting of Wady Seiyal Basin. Wady Khurbet et Teibeh. Wady el Kureitein. Wady es Sennein. Wady Mutan Munjid. Wady Umm Jem at. Wady el Khuseibiyeh.
 * colspan = 3 |
 * }
 * Waterparting or boundary. Three divisions. (1) Wady Jerfân. Wady el Kuryeh. Wady Nimr. Wady es Sihaniveh. Wady Umm Kheiyirah. (2) Wady Malâki. Wady Kueiwis. Wady el War. Malâki and Khubera Gorges. (3) Wady Eujm el Khulil. A scene of David's exploits.
 * colspan = 2 | Outfall of Wady Seiyal, 31° 19' 47" N. Lat
 * Wady Mahras. Wady el Kasheibeh. W. Sufeisif. Waterparting of Wady Seiyal Basin. Wady Khurbet et Teibeh. Wady el Kureitein. Wady es Sennein. Wady Mutan Munjid. Wady Umm Jem at. Wady el Khuseibiyeh.
 * colspan = 3 |
 * }
 * Wady Mahras. Wady el Kasheibeh. W. Sufeisif. Waterparting of Wady Seiyal Basin. Wady Khurbet et Teibeh. Wady el Kureitein. Wady es Sennein. Wady Mutan Munjid. Wady Umm Jem at. Wady el Khuseibiyeh.
 * colspan = 3 |
 * }
 * Wady Mahras. Wady el Kasheibeh. W. Sufeisif. Waterparting of Wady Seiyal Basin. Wady Khurbet et Teibeh. Wady el Kureitein. Wady es Sennein. Wady Mutan Munjid. Wady Umm Jem at. Wady el Khuseibiyeh.
 * colspan = 3 |
 * }
 * colspan = 3 |
 * }
 * }


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 {|
 * width=16px !important|
 * width=454px !important|
 * width=60px !important|
 * colspan = 3 |PART III.
 * colspan = 3 |THE PLAINS OF WESTERN PALESTINE.
 * colspan = 3 |1. THE PLAINS ON THE MEDITERRANEAN SLOPE.
 * colspan = 3 | page
 * colspan = 2 |The Plains of Galilee
 * The Maritime Plain of Tyre. Ras el Abyad to Kas en Nakura. The Maritime Plain of Acre and the Plain of Megiddo. Intermediate Range of Hills. The Plain of Rameh. The Plain of 'Arrâbeh. The Plain of Buttauf. The Plain of Toran. General view of the Plains of Acre and Megiddo. Six great arms. (1) The Plain of Acre. (2) W. Halzun, and the plains of Rameh and 'Arrâbeh. (3) The plains of Buttauf, Toran, and Seffurieh. (4) Between Mt. Tabor and Jebel Duhy. (5) Nahr Jalûd, or the Valley of Jezreel. (6) Between Mt. Gilboa and Mt. Ephraim. The Central Plain. Roads.
 * colspan = 2 |
 * (1) The Plain of Tantura. (2) The Plain of Sharon. Forest of Oaks. Falik Hills. Dhahr Selmeh Hills. Ramleh Hills. Three divisions of the plain of Sharon. (3) The Plains of 'Arrâbeh or Dothan. (4) The Plains of Mukhnah, Rujib, 'Askar, and Salim. (5) The Plain of Philistia. Line of highland prolonged. Plains at Akir and 'Arâk. Intermediate hills and hollow. Plain of Akir or Ekron, and plains west of Jerusalem. Plain of Yebnah (Jabneel). Sandy downs. Plain of 'Arâk el Menshiyeh, and Heights of Hebron. Ashdod. Advance of Hills towards the coast. The Sukereir Range. The Keratiya or Bureir Valley. Askelon. Site of the Port of Askelon. The guardianship of the Five Cities, and the site of Gath.
 * colspan = 3 |2. The Plains, Lowlands, and Lakes of the Jordan Slope.
 * colspan = 2 |The Plain of Merj 'Ayun
 * Ijon. Ain Derderah. Nahr Bareighit. Deadly Form. Altitude. Relation to the Kasmîyeh or Litany River and the River Jordan.
 * colspan = 2 |The Huleh Plain, Marsh, and Lake
 * Total dimensions. Four divisions. (1) Huleh Plain. Surrounding heights. (2) Huleh Marsh. Dr. Tristram's notes. Mr. J. Macgregor's boat survey. Channels. Dangers. (3) Huleh Lake. Form and extent. Altitude. Soundings. (4) Ard el Kheit.
 * colspan = 2 |The Galilean Gorge
 * Fall of the Jordan. Bridge of Jacob's Daughters. Western affluents. Eastern end of the Southern Range of Lower Galilee. Its relation to the depression of the Jordan.
 * }
 * colspan = 2 |
 * (1) The Plain of Tantura. (2) The Plain of Sharon. Forest of Oaks. Falik Hills. Dhahr Selmeh Hills. Ramleh Hills. Three divisions of the plain of Sharon. (3) The Plains of 'Arrâbeh or Dothan. (4) The Plains of Mukhnah, Rujib, 'Askar, and Salim. (5) The Plain of Philistia. Line of highland prolonged. Plains at Akir and 'Arâk. Intermediate hills and hollow. Plain of Akir or Ekron, and plains west of Jerusalem. Plain of Yebnah (Jabneel). Sandy downs. Plain of 'Arâk el Menshiyeh, and Heights of Hebron. Ashdod. Advance of Hills towards the coast. The Sukereir Range. The Keratiya or Bureir Valley. Askelon. Site of the Port of Askelon. The guardianship of the Five Cities, and the site of Gath.
 * colspan = 3 |2. The Plains, Lowlands, and Lakes of the Jordan Slope.
 * colspan = 2 |The Plain of Merj 'Ayun
 * Ijon. Ain Derderah. Nahr Bareighit. Deadly Form. Altitude. Relation to the Kasmîyeh or Litany River and the River Jordan.
 * colspan = 2 |The Huleh Plain, Marsh, and Lake
 * Total dimensions. Four divisions. (1) Huleh Plain. Surrounding heights. (2) Huleh Marsh. Dr. Tristram's notes. Mr. J. Macgregor's boat survey. Channels. Dangers. (3) Huleh Lake. Form and extent. Altitude. Soundings. (4) Ard el Kheit.
 * colspan = 2 |The Galilean Gorge
 * Fall of the Jordan. Bridge of Jacob's Daughters. Western affluents. Eastern end of the Southern Range of Lower Galilee. Its relation to the depression of the Jordan.
 * }
 * colspan = 2 |The Plain of Merj 'Ayun
 * Ijon. Ain Derderah. Nahr Bareighit. Deadly Form. Altitude. Relation to the Kasmîyeh or Litany River and the River Jordan.
 * colspan = 2 |The Huleh Plain, Marsh, and Lake
 * Total dimensions. Four divisions. (1) Huleh Plain. Surrounding heights. (2) Huleh Marsh. Dr. Tristram's notes. Mr. J. Macgregor's boat survey. Channels. Dangers. (3) Huleh Lake. Form and extent. Altitude. Soundings. (4) Ard el Kheit.
 * colspan = 2 |The Galilean Gorge
 * Fall of the Jordan. Bridge of Jacob's Daughters. Western affluents. Eastern end of the Southern Range of Lower Galilee. Its relation to the depression of the Jordan.
 * }
 * colspan = 2 |The Huleh Plain, Marsh, and Lake
 * Total dimensions. Four divisions. (1) Huleh Plain. Surrounding heights. (2) Huleh Marsh. Dr. Tristram's notes. Mr. J. Macgregor's boat survey. Channels. Dangers. (3) Huleh Lake. Form and extent. Altitude. Soundings. (4) Ard el Kheit.
 * colspan = 2 |The Galilean Gorge
 * Fall of the Jordan. Bridge of Jacob's Daughters. Western affluents. Eastern end of the Southern Range of Lower Galilee. Its relation to the depression of the Jordan.
 * }
 * colspan = 2 |The Galilean Gorge
 * Fall of the Jordan. Bridge of Jacob's Daughters. Western affluents. Eastern end of the Southern Range of Lower Galilee. Its relation to the depression of the Jordan.
 * }
 * Fall of the Jordan. Bridge of Jacob's Daughters. Western affluents. Eastern end of the Southern Range of Lower Galilee. Its relation to the depression of the Jordan.
 * }
 * Fall of the Jordan. Bridge of Jacob's Daughters. Western affluents. Eastern end of the Southern Range of Lower Galilee. Its relation to the depression of the Jordan.
 * }
 * }
 * }


text:
Page:An Introduction to the Survey of Western Palestine.djvu/14

 {|
 * width=16px !important|
 * width=454px !important|
 * width=60px !important|
 * colspan = 2 |The Western Shore of the Sea of Galilee
 * Entrance of the Jordan. Plain of Batihah. Bethsaida Julias. Tell Hum. Kh. Kerayeh. Et Tabghah, Bethsaida of Galilee. Plain of Gennesaret. Interesting Wadys. 'Ain 'el Mudauwerah, Capernaum placed at Khan Minia. Magdala at el Mejdel. Chinnereth at Abu Shusheh. Wady Abu el 'Amis and the Ayun el Fuliyeh. Merj Hattin. Wady el Hamâm. Irbid, Arbela, or Beth Arbel. Kulat Ibu Mân, fortified Caverns. Hajaret en Nusara. Horns of Hattin. Tiberias. Emmaus, Lofty Cliffs. Kerak. Exit of the Jordan.
 * colspan = 2 |The Ghor from Kerak to Jisr Mujamia
 * colspan = 2 |Jisr Mujamia to Nahr Jalud
 * Wady Bireh. Wady el Esh-sheh. The Zor.
 * colspan = 2 |The Plain of Beisan
 * Nahr Jalud and the Valley of Jezreel. Mt. Gilboa. Remarkable bank. Altitudes. Irrigation Channels. Wady Shubash. Wady el Khashneh. Mounds. Succoth. Lieutenant Conder's Megiddo.
 * colspan = 2 |The Samaritan Gorge of the Jordan
 * Relation to Wady Maleh. Contraction of the Ghor and Zor. Ten fords. Comparative lists of names.
 * colspan = 2 |The Plain of Phasaelis
 * Northern limit. Three parallel valleys connected with the plain. (1) Wady Sidreh. Wady el Bukeia and its peculiarities. El Makhruk. Archelaus. (2) The Kurawa and Wady Far'ah. Kurn Surtabeh. Recess. End of long line of cliffs. (3) Wady Ifjim and its peculiarities. Khurbet Fusail, the [site of Phasaelis. Wady el Humr. Wady el 'Aujah. Expansion of low hills across the plain. Recess of the Mountains and enclosed plain. 'Ain Duk. 'Ain en Nuei'ameh. Vale or Plain of Keziz. Special features. Wady el Jozeleh. Wady el Mellahah. Mankattat or "Strips." Wady Mesa'addet 'Aisa or the "Ascension of Jesus." 'Osh el Ghurab or the Raven's nest. Traditional sites of the Mountain of Temptation. Zemaraim.
 * colspan = 2 |The Plain of Jericho
 * Limits. Kusr el Yehud or Jew's Castle. The Zor. Mouth of the Jordan. Dead Sea coast. Mountain and Cliffs. Jebel Kuruntul. Erlha. Sites of ancient Jericho. 'Ain es Sultan. Wady Kelt. Interruption of the line of Cliffs. Slope of plain. Fertility. Wadys. Wady Nuei'ameh. Wady Kelt. Jiljulieh, the site of Gilgal. Ain Hajlah, site of Beth Hoglah. Kusr Hajlah. Kusr el Yehud or Jew's Castle, a ruined convent. The Pilgrims' Bathing places. Reputed sites of Our Lord's Baptism. Greeks and Latins. Khaur el Thumrar. Wady Makarfet Kattum. Wady Joreif Ghuzal. Wady el Kaneiterah. Wady Kumran. Gomorrah.
 * }
 * Wady Bireh. Wady el Esh-sheh. The Zor.
 * colspan = 2 |The Plain of Beisan
 * Nahr Jalud and the Valley of Jezreel. Mt. Gilboa. Remarkable bank. Altitudes. Irrigation Channels. Wady Shubash. Wady el Khashneh. Mounds. Succoth. Lieutenant Conder's Megiddo.
 * colspan = 2 |The Samaritan Gorge of the Jordan
 * Relation to Wady Maleh. Contraction of the Ghor and Zor. Ten fords. Comparative lists of names.
 * colspan = 2 |The Plain of Phasaelis
 * Northern limit. Three parallel valleys connected with the plain. (1) Wady Sidreh. Wady el Bukeia and its peculiarities. El Makhruk. Archelaus. (2) The Kurawa and Wady Far'ah. Kurn Surtabeh. Recess. End of long line of cliffs. (3) Wady Ifjim and its peculiarities. Khurbet Fusail, the [site of Phasaelis. Wady el Humr. Wady el 'Aujah. Expansion of low hills across the plain. Recess of the Mountains and enclosed plain. 'Ain Duk. 'Ain en Nuei'ameh. Vale or Plain of Keziz. Special features. Wady el Jozeleh. Wady el Mellahah. Mankattat or "Strips." Wady Mesa'addet 'Aisa or the "Ascension of Jesus." 'Osh el Ghurab or the Raven's nest. Traditional sites of the Mountain of Temptation. Zemaraim.
 * colspan = 2 |The Plain of Jericho
 * Limits. Kusr el Yehud or Jew's Castle. The Zor. Mouth of the Jordan. Dead Sea coast. Mountain and Cliffs. Jebel Kuruntul. Erlha. Sites of ancient Jericho. 'Ain es Sultan. Wady Kelt. Interruption of the line of Cliffs. Slope of plain. Fertility. Wadys. Wady Nuei'ameh. Wady Kelt. Jiljulieh, the site of Gilgal. Ain Hajlah, site of Beth Hoglah. Kusr Hajlah. Kusr el Yehud or Jew's Castle, a ruined convent. The Pilgrims' Bathing places. Reputed sites of Our Lord's Baptism. Greeks and Latins. Khaur el Thumrar. Wady Makarfet Kattum. Wady Joreif Ghuzal. Wady el Kaneiterah. Wady Kumran. Gomorrah.
 * }
 * colspan = 2 |The Samaritan Gorge of the Jordan
 * Relation to Wady Maleh. Contraction of the Ghor and Zor. Ten fords. Comparative lists of names.
 * colspan = 2 |The Plain of Phasaelis
 * Northern limit. Three parallel valleys connected with the plain. (1) Wady Sidreh. Wady el Bukeia and its peculiarities. El Makhruk. Archelaus. (2) The Kurawa and Wady Far'ah. Kurn Surtabeh. Recess. End of long line of cliffs. (3) Wady Ifjim and its peculiarities. Khurbet Fusail, the [site of Phasaelis. Wady el Humr. Wady el 'Aujah. Expansion of low hills across the plain. Recess of the Mountains and enclosed plain. 'Ain Duk. 'Ain en Nuei'ameh. Vale or Plain of Keziz. Special features. Wady el Jozeleh. Wady el Mellahah. Mankattat or "Strips." Wady Mesa'addet 'Aisa or the "Ascension of Jesus." 'Osh el Ghurab or the Raven's nest. Traditional sites of the Mountain of Temptation. Zemaraim.
 * colspan = 2 |The Plain of Jericho
 * Limits. Kusr el Yehud or Jew's Castle. The Zor. Mouth of the Jordan. Dead Sea coast. Mountain and Cliffs. Jebel Kuruntul. Erlha. Sites of ancient Jericho. 'Ain es Sultan. Wady Kelt. Interruption of the line of Cliffs. Slope of plain. Fertility. Wadys. Wady Nuei'ameh. Wady Kelt. Jiljulieh, the site of Gilgal. Ain Hajlah, site of Beth Hoglah. Kusr Hajlah. Kusr el Yehud or Jew's Castle, a ruined convent. The Pilgrims' Bathing places. Reputed sites of Our Lord's Baptism. Greeks and Latins. Khaur el Thumrar. Wady Makarfet Kattum. Wady Joreif Ghuzal. Wady el Kaneiterah. Wady Kumran. Gomorrah.
 * }
 * colspan = 2 |The Plain of Phasaelis
 * Northern limit. Three parallel valleys connected with the plain. (1) Wady Sidreh. Wady el Bukeia and its peculiarities. El Makhruk. Archelaus. (2) The Kurawa and Wady Far'ah. Kurn Surtabeh. Recess. End of long line of cliffs. (3) Wady Ifjim and its peculiarities. Khurbet Fusail, the [site of Phasaelis. Wady el Humr. Wady el 'Aujah. Expansion of low hills across the plain. Recess of the Mountains and enclosed plain. 'Ain Duk. 'Ain en Nuei'ameh. Vale or Plain of Keziz. Special features. Wady el Jozeleh. Wady el Mellahah. Mankattat or "Strips." Wady Mesa'addet 'Aisa or the "Ascension of Jesus." 'Osh el Ghurab or the Raven's nest. Traditional sites of the Mountain of Temptation. Zemaraim.
 * colspan = 2 |The Plain of Jericho
 * Limits. Kusr el Yehud or Jew's Castle. The Zor. Mouth of the Jordan. Dead Sea coast. Mountain and Cliffs. Jebel Kuruntul. Erlha. Sites of ancient Jericho. 'Ain es Sultan. Wady Kelt. Interruption of the line of Cliffs. Slope of plain. Fertility. Wadys. Wady Nuei'ameh. Wady Kelt. Jiljulieh, the site of Gilgal. Ain Hajlah, site of Beth Hoglah. Kusr Hajlah. Kusr el Yehud or Jew's Castle, a ruined convent. The Pilgrims' Bathing places. Reputed sites of Our Lord's Baptism. Greeks and Latins. Khaur el Thumrar. Wady Makarfet Kattum. Wady Joreif Ghuzal. Wady el Kaneiterah. Wady Kumran. Gomorrah.
 * }
 * Northern limit. Three parallel valleys connected with the plain. (1) Wady Sidreh. Wady el Bukeia and its peculiarities. El Makhruk. Archelaus. (2) The Kurawa and Wady Far'ah. Kurn Surtabeh. Recess. End of long line of cliffs. (3) Wady Ifjim and its peculiarities. Khurbet Fusail, the [site of Phasaelis. Wady el Humr. Wady el 'Aujah. Expansion of low hills across the plain. Recess of the Mountains and enclosed plain. 'Ain Duk. 'Ain en Nuei'ameh. Vale or Plain of Keziz. Special features. Wady el Jozeleh. Wady el Mellahah. Mankattat or "Strips." Wady Mesa'addet 'Aisa or the "Ascension of Jesus." 'Osh el Ghurab or the Raven's nest. Traditional sites of the Mountain of Temptation. Zemaraim.
 * colspan = 2 |The Plain of Jericho
 * Limits. Kusr el Yehud or Jew's Castle. The Zor. Mouth of the Jordan. Dead Sea coast. Mountain and Cliffs. Jebel Kuruntul. Erlha. Sites of ancient Jericho. 'Ain es Sultan. Wady Kelt. Interruption of the line of Cliffs. Slope of plain. Fertility. Wadys. Wady Nuei'ameh. Wady Kelt. Jiljulieh, the site of Gilgal. Ain Hajlah, site of Beth Hoglah. Kusr Hajlah. Kusr el Yehud or Jew's Castle, a ruined convent. The Pilgrims' Bathing places. Reputed sites of Our Lord's Baptism. Greeks and Latins. Khaur el Thumrar. Wady Makarfet Kattum. Wady Joreif Ghuzal. Wady el Kaneiterah. Wady Kumran. Gomorrah.
 * }
 * colspan = 2 |The Plain of Jericho
 * Limits. Kusr el Yehud or Jew's Castle. The Zor. Mouth of the Jordan. Dead Sea coast. Mountain and Cliffs. Jebel Kuruntul. Erlha. Sites of ancient Jericho. 'Ain es Sultan. Wady Kelt. Interruption of the line of Cliffs. Slope of plain. Fertility. Wadys. Wady Nuei'ameh. Wady Kelt. Jiljulieh, the site of Gilgal. Ain Hajlah, site of Beth Hoglah. Kusr Hajlah. Kusr el Yehud or Jew's Castle, a ruined convent. The Pilgrims' Bathing places. Reputed sites of Our Lord's Baptism. Greeks and Latins. Khaur el Thumrar. Wady Makarfet Kattum. Wady Joreif Ghuzal. Wady el Kaneiterah. Wady Kumran. Gomorrah.
 * }
 * Limits. Kusr el Yehud or Jew's Castle. The Zor. Mouth of the Jordan. Dead Sea coast. Mountain and Cliffs. Jebel Kuruntul. Erlha. Sites of ancient Jericho. 'Ain es Sultan. Wady Kelt. Interruption of the line of Cliffs. Slope of plain. Fertility. Wadys. Wady Nuei'ameh. Wady Kelt. Jiljulieh, the site of Gilgal. Ain Hajlah, site of Beth Hoglah. Kusr Hajlah. Kusr el Yehud or Jew's Castle, a ruined convent. The Pilgrims' Bathing places. Reputed sites of Our Lord's Baptism. Greeks and Latins. Khaur el Thumrar. Wady Makarfet Kattum. Wady Joreif Ghuzal. Wady el Kaneiterah. Wady Kumran. Gomorrah.
 * }
 * }
 * }
 * }


text:
Page:An Introduction to the Survey of Western Palestine.djvu/15

 {|
 * width=16px!important|
 * width=454px!important|
 * width=60px!important|
 * colspan = 3 |3. THE WESTERN SHORE OF THE DEAD SEA.
 * colspan = 3 |page
 * colspan = 2 |Ras Feshkah to Ras Meesid
 * Dr Tristram's Map and the New Survey. Kas Feshkah. The Shore. Sulphur Spring. The intersecting Wadys. Plain of Engedi. Wady Sideir. Wady el Areijeh. Pass, plateaus, spring, and vast cliffs of 'Ain Jidy (Engedi, Cliff of Zor).
 * colspan = 2 |Ras Meesid to Sebbeh
 * The Shore. Terraces. The Rock of Sebbeh. Ruins of Maasad. Wady Kuberah. Wady Seiyal.
 * colspan = 3 |
 * colspan = 3 |PART IV.
 * colspan = 3 |THE HIGHLANDS OF WESTERN PALESTINE.
 * colspan = 2 |Introductory
 * Relations of Streams and Plains to the Highlands. The Culminating Summits. Ranges. Edges of Plateaus. Altitudes.
 * colspan = 3 |The Mountains of Upper Galilee.
 * colspan = 2 |The Southern Range
 * Summits. Base. Choice between Wady el Waziyeh with Wady esh Shaghur, and Wady el Halzun with Wady Shaib. Wady el Tawahin or the Safed Gorge.
 * colspan = 2 |The Eastern Range
 * Summits. Altitudes wanting. Slope. Altitudes along the base line. Peculiar Descent of the Jordan into the Huleh Plain. The line of lowest depression between Mount Hermon and the Mediterranean Waterparting. The slopes around the Huleh Plain. Dr. Robinson's six terraces. The western slope of Nahr Bareighit. The hypsometrical connection between Jebel Hunin, Abl, and Banias. The summit north of Jebel Hunin and south of it around the Basins of Meis and Tufeh to Neby Muheibib and Deir el Ghabieh. Parallel Range on the west of Wady 'Aizakaneh, continuous with the range running south from Neby Muheibib. Plateau of Kades. Terraces of Malkiyeh and Belideh. Wady 'Arûs. Ard el Dawamin. Ard el Kheit. Wady Selukieh, Wady Hindaj, and Wady 'Amud. Jebel Kan'an.
 * colspan = 2 |The Western Slope and its Upper Plateaus
 * The lower slope interrupts passage parallel to the coast-road by its valleys and ridges. Parallel passage restored by the upper plateaus of the Hubeishiyeh, Ezziyeh, and Kurn.
 * }
 * colspan = 3 |
 * colspan = 3 |PART IV.
 * colspan = 3 |THE HIGHLANDS OF WESTERN PALESTINE.
 * colspan = 2 |Introductory
 * Relations of Streams and Plains to the Highlands. The Culminating Summits. Ranges. Edges of Plateaus. Altitudes.
 * colspan = 3 |The Mountains of Upper Galilee.
 * colspan = 2 |The Southern Range
 * Summits. Base. Choice between Wady el Waziyeh with Wady esh Shaghur, and Wady el Halzun with Wady Shaib. Wady el Tawahin or the Safed Gorge.
 * colspan = 2 |The Eastern Range
 * Summits. Altitudes wanting. Slope. Altitudes along the base line. Peculiar Descent of the Jordan into the Huleh Plain. The line of lowest depression between Mount Hermon and the Mediterranean Waterparting. The slopes around the Huleh Plain. Dr. Robinson's six terraces. The western slope of Nahr Bareighit. The hypsometrical connection between Jebel Hunin, Abl, and Banias. The summit north of Jebel Hunin and south of it around the Basins of Meis and Tufeh to Neby Muheibib and Deir el Ghabieh. Parallel Range on the west of Wady 'Aizakaneh, continuous with the range running south from Neby Muheibib. Plateau of Kades. Terraces of Malkiyeh and Belideh. Wady 'Arûs. Ard el Dawamin. Ard el Kheit. Wady Selukieh, Wady Hindaj, and Wady 'Amud. Jebel Kan'an.
 * colspan = 2 |The Western Slope and its Upper Plateaus
 * The lower slope interrupts passage parallel to the coast-road by its valleys and ridges. Parallel passage restored by the upper plateaus of the Hubeishiyeh, Ezziyeh, and Kurn.
 * }
 * colspan = 3 |The Mountains of Upper Galilee.
 * colspan = 2 |The Southern Range
 * Summits. Base. Choice between Wady el Waziyeh with Wady esh Shaghur, and Wady el Halzun with Wady Shaib. Wady el Tawahin or the Safed Gorge.
 * colspan = 2 |The Eastern Range
 * Summits. Altitudes wanting. Slope. Altitudes along the base line. Peculiar Descent of the Jordan into the Huleh Plain. The line of lowest depression between Mount Hermon and the Mediterranean Waterparting. The slopes around the Huleh Plain. Dr. Robinson's six terraces. The western slope of Nahr Bareighit. The hypsometrical connection between Jebel Hunin, Abl, and Banias. The summit north of Jebel Hunin and south of it around the Basins of Meis and Tufeh to Neby Muheibib and Deir el Ghabieh. Parallel Range on the west of Wady 'Aizakaneh, continuous with the range running south from Neby Muheibib. Plateau of Kades. Terraces of Malkiyeh and Belideh. Wady 'Arûs. Ard el Dawamin. Ard el Kheit. Wady Selukieh, Wady Hindaj, and Wady 'Amud. Jebel Kan'an.
 * colspan = 2 |The Western Slope and its Upper Plateaus
 * The lower slope interrupts passage parallel to the coast-road by its valleys and ridges. Parallel passage restored by the upper plateaus of the Hubeishiyeh, Ezziyeh, and Kurn.
 * }
 * colspan = 2 |The Eastern Range
 * Summits. Altitudes wanting. Slope. Altitudes along the base line. Peculiar Descent of the Jordan into the Huleh Plain. The line of lowest depression between Mount Hermon and the Mediterranean Waterparting. The slopes around the Huleh Plain. Dr. Robinson's six terraces. The western slope of Nahr Bareighit. The hypsometrical connection between Jebel Hunin, Abl, and Banias. The summit north of Jebel Hunin and south of it around the Basins of Meis and Tufeh to Neby Muheibib and Deir el Ghabieh. Parallel Range on the west of Wady 'Aizakaneh, continuous with the range running south from Neby Muheibib. Plateau of Kades. Terraces of Malkiyeh and Belideh. Wady 'Arûs. Ard el Dawamin. Ard el Kheit. Wady Selukieh, Wady Hindaj, and Wady 'Amud. Jebel Kan'an.
 * colspan = 2 |The Western Slope and its Upper Plateaus
 * The lower slope interrupts passage parallel to the coast-road by its valleys and ridges. Parallel passage restored by the upper plateaus of the Hubeishiyeh, Ezziyeh, and Kurn.
 * }
 * Summits. Altitudes wanting. Slope. Altitudes along the base line. Peculiar Descent of the Jordan into the Huleh Plain. The line of lowest depression between Mount Hermon and the Mediterranean Waterparting. The slopes around the Huleh Plain. Dr. Robinson's six terraces. The western slope of Nahr Bareighit. The hypsometrical connection between Jebel Hunin, Abl, and Banias. The summit north of Jebel Hunin and south of it around the Basins of Meis and Tufeh to Neby Muheibib and Deir el Ghabieh. Parallel Range on the west of Wady 'Aizakaneh, continuous with the range running south from Neby Muheibib. Plateau of Kades. Terraces of Malkiyeh and Belideh. Wady 'Arûs. Ard el Dawamin. Ard el Kheit. Wady Selukieh, Wady Hindaj, and Wady 'Amud. Jebel Kan'an.
 * colspan = 2 |The Western Slope and its Upper Plateaus
 * The lower slope interrupts passage parallel to the coast-road by its valleys and ridges. Parallel passage restored by the upper plateaus of the Hubeishiyeh, Ezziyeh, and Kurn.
 * }
 * colspan = 2 |The Western Slope and its Upper Plateaus
 * The lower slope interrupts passage parallel to the coast-road by its valleys and ridges. Parallel passage restored by the upper plateaus of the Hubeishiyeh, Ezziyeh, and Kurn.
 * }
 * The lower slope interrupts passage parallel to the coast-road by its valleys and ridges. Parallel passage restored by the upper plateaus of the Hubeishiyeh, Ezziyeh, and Kurn.
 * }
 * }
 * }
 * }


text:
Page:An Introduction to the Survey of Western Palestine.djvu/16

1em {|
 * width=16px !important|
 * width=454px !important|
 * width=60px !important|
 * colspan = 2 |The Western Range
 * Kisra. Line of heights. Corresponds with Waterparting of W. el Kurn. Gorge of the Kurn. Kulat el Kurein, the Crusaders' Montfort. Khurbet Belat. Line of Heights. Gorge of the Ezziyeh. Crusaders' Castle of Tibnin and its curious situation. Three divisions of the western slope. The Central Division. The Northern Division, upper and lower parts. Southern Division.
 * colspan = 2 |The Northern Range
 * colspan = 2 |The Interior of the Plateau of Upper Galilee
 * The Jermuk Range. The Marûn Range. The Main valleys of the Upper Kûrn. El Bukeiah. The Plains between the Jermuk and Marun Ranges, and between the Marûn and the Eastern and Northern Ranges. Common base of the Jurmuk and Marûn Ranges.
 * colspan = 3 |The Mountains of Lower Galilee.
 * colspan = 2 |Introductory
 * The Limits. Different aspects and altitudes of Upper and Lower Galilee.
 * colspan = 2 |The Northern or Shaghûr Range
 * Its base lines. It culminates in a plateau between two ranges. Altitudes wanting.
 * colspan = 2 |The Toran Range
 * Its base lines. Curvature. Scarps and cliffs. Plain of Hattin. Plain of Ahma. Culminating points. Hajaret en Nusara or Nazarite Rocks, a traditional site of "the Feeding of the Five thousand."
 * colspan = 2 |The Nazareth Range
 * Its base lines. The Summits. The Western Division. Oak Forest. The Central Division. Semûnieh. Yafa and Mujeidil. El Warakany. Jebel Kafsy, the traditional Mount of Precipitation. Mount Tabor. Wady el Mady. Woods and chalk downs in contrast. Jebel es Sib. El Meshhed. Seffûrieh. Wady Kefr Kenna. The Eastern Division. Wady Shubbabeh and Wady Fejjas. Basaltic Cliffs. Depression of Base line below sea level. Wady Mu'allakah. The Plateau of Sh'arâh, its streams and villages. Successive descents from Mount Tabor to the Sea of Galilee.
 * colspan = 2 |The Jebel Duhy Range
 * The group, its limits and dimensions. Three divisions. (1) Jebel Duhy. Nein. Endor. Tell el 'Ajjûl. Eastern base. Kh. Maluf. El 'Afuleh and Aphek. Solam and Shunem. Saul's last battle. Tub'aûn and Tubania. Camps of the Crusaders and Saladin. Kleber's decisive victory. Eastern Plateau diagonally divided by Wady Dabu and Yebla. (2) Northern range with the Kaukab el Hawaor Castle Belvoir. Bold features. (3) Wady Kharrâr. Four successive terraces from the northern range to Nalir Jalûd.
 * }
 * colspan = 3 |The Mountains of Lower Galilee.
 * colspan = 2 |Introductory
 * The Limits. Different aspects and altitudes of Upper and Lower Galilee.
 * colspan = 2 |The Northern or Shaghûr Range
 * Its base lines. It culminates in a plateau between two ranges. Altitudes wanting.
 * colspan = 2 |The Toran Range
 * Its base lines. Curvature. Scarps and cliffs. Plain of Hattin. Plain of Ahma. Culminating points. Hajaret en Nusara or Nazarite Rocks, a traditional site of "the Feeding of the Five thousand."
 * colspan = 2 |The Nazareth Range
 * Its base lines. The Summits. The Western Division. Oak Forest. The Central Division. Semûnieh. Yafa and Mujeidil. El Warakany. Jebel Kafsy, the traditional Mount of Precipitation. Mount Tabor. Wady el Mady. Woods and chalk downs in contrast. Jebel es Sib. El Meshhed. Seffûrieh. Wady Kefr Kenna. The Eastern Division. Wady Shubbabeh and Wady Fejjas. Basaltic Cliffs. Depression of Base line below sea level. Wady Mu'allakah. The Plateau of Sh'arâh, its streams and villages. Successive descents from Mount Tabor to the Sea of Galilee.
 * colspan = 2 |The Jebel Duhy Range
 * The group, its limits and dimensions. Three divisions. (1) Jebel Duhy. Nein. Endor. Tell el 'Ajjûl. Eastern base. Kh. Maluf. El 'Afuleh and Aphek. Solam and Shunem. Saul's last battle. Tub'aûn and Tubania. Camps of the Crusaders and Saladin. Kleber's decisive victory. Eastern Plateau diagonally divided by Wady Dabu and Yebla. (2) Northern range with the Kaukab el Hawaor Castle Belvoir. Bold features. (3) Wady Kharrâr. Four successive terraces from the northern range to Nalir Jalûd.
 * }
 * Its base lines. It culminates in a plateau between two ranges. Altitudes wanting.
 * colspan = 2 |The Toran Range
 * Its base lines. Curvature. Scarps and cliffs. Plain of Hattin. Plain of Ahma. Culminating points. Hajaret en Nusara or Nazarite Rocks, a traditional site of "the Feeding of the Five thousand."
 * colspan = 2 |The Nazareth Range
 * Its base lines. The Summits. The Western Division. Oak Forest. The Central Division. Semûnieh. Yafa and Mujeidil. El Warakany. Jebel Kafsy, the traditional Mount of Precipitation. Mount Tabor. Wady el Mady. Woods and chalk downs in contrast. Jebel es Sib. El Meshhed. Seffûrieh. Wady Kefr Kenna. The Eastern Division. Wady Shubbabeh and Wady Fejjas. Basaltic Cliffs. Depression of Base line below sea level. Wady Mu'allakah. The Plateau of Sh'arâh, its streams and villages. Successive descents from Mount Tabor to the Sea of Galilee.
 * colspan = 2 |The Jebel Duhy Range
 * The group, its limits and dimensions. Three divisions. (1) Jebel Duhy. Nein. Endor. Tell el 'Ajjûl. Eastern base. Kh. Maluf. El 'Afuleh and Aphek. Solam and Shunem. Saul's last battle. Tub'aûn and Tubania. Camps of the Crusaders and Saladin. Kleber's decisive victory. Eastern Plateau diagonally divided by Wady Dabu and Yebla. (2) Northern range with the Kaukab el Hawaor Castle Belvoir. Bold features. (3) Wady Kharrâr. Four successive terraces from the northern range to Nalir Jalûd.
 * }
 * Its base lines. Curvature. Scarps and cliffs. Plain of Hattin. Plain of Ahma. Culminating points. Hajaret en Nusara or Nazarite Rocks, a traditional site of "the Feeding of the Five thousand."
 * colspan = 2 |The Nazareth Range
 * Its base lines. The Summits. The Western Division. Oak Forest. The Central Division. Semûnieh. Yafa and Mujeidil. El Warakany. Jebel Kafsy, the traditional Mount of Precipitation. Mount Tabor. Wady el Mady. Woods and chalk downs in contrast. Jebel es Sib. El Meshhed. Seffûrieh. Wady Kefr Kenna. The Eastern Division. Wady Shubbabeh and Wady Fejjas. Basaltic Cliffs. Depression of Base line below sea level. Wady Mu'allakah. The Plateau of Sh'arâh, its streams and villages. Successive descents from Mount Tabor to the Sea of Galilee.
 * colspan = 2 |The Jebel Duhy Range
 * The group, its limits and dimensions. Three divisions. (1) Jebel Duhy. Nein. Endor. Tell el 'Ajjûl. Eastern base. Kh. Maluf. El 'Afuleh and Aphek. Solam and Shunem. Saul's last battle. Tub'aûn and Tubania. Camps of the Crusaders and Saladin. Kleber's decisive victory. Eastern Plateau diagonally divided by Wady Dabu and Yebla. (2) Northern range with the Kaukab el Hawaor Castle Belvoir. Bold features. (3) Wady Kharrâr. Four successive terraces from the northern range to Nalir Jalûd.
 * }
 * Its base lines. The Summits. The Western Division. Oak Forest. The Central Division. Semûnieh. Yafa and Mujeidil. El Warakany. Jebel Kafsy, the traditional Mount of Precipitation. Mount Tabor. Wady el Mady. Woods and chalk downs in contrast. Jebel es Sib. El Meshhed. Seffûrieh. Wady Kefr Kenna. The Eastern Division. Wady Shubbabeh and Wady Fejjas. Basaltic Cliffs. Depression of Base line below sea level. Wady Mu'allakah. The Plateau of Sh'arâh, its streams and villages. Successive descents from Mount Tabor to the Sea of Galilee.
 * colspan = 2 |The Jebel Duhy Range
 * The group, its limits and dimensions. Three divisions. (1) Jebel Duhy. Nein. Endor. Tell el 'Ajjûl. Eastern base. Kh. Maluf. El 'Afuleh and Aphek. Solam and Shunem. Saul's last battle. Tub'aûn and Tubania. Camps of the Crusaders and Saladin. Kleber's decisive victory. Eastern Plateau diagonally divided by Wady Dabu and Yebla. (2) Northern range with the Kaukab el Hawaor Castle Belvoir. Bold features. (3) Wady Kharrâr. Four successive terraces from the northern range to Nalir Jalûd.
 * }
 * colspan = 2 |The Jebel Duhy Range
 * The group, its limits and dimensions. Three divisions. (1) Jebel Duhy. Nein. Endor. Tell el 'Ajjûl. Eastern base. Kh. Maluf. El 'Afuleh and Aphek. Solam and Shunem. Saul's last battle. Tub'aûn and Tubania. Camps of the Crusaders and Saladin. Kleber's decisive victory. Eastern Plateau diagonally divided by Wady Dabu and Yebla. (2) Northern range with the Kaukab el Hawaor Castle Belvoir. Bold features. (3) Wady Kharrâr. Four successive terraces from the northern range to Nalir Jalûd.
 * }
 * The group, its limits and dimensions. Three divisions. (1) Jebel Duhy. Nein. Endor. Tell el 'Ajjûl. Eastern base. Kh. Maluf. El 'Afuleh and Aphek. Solam and Shunem. Saul's last battle. Tub'aûn and Tubania. Camps of the Crusaders and Saladin. Kleber's decisive victory. Eastern Plateau diagonally divided by Wady Dabu and Yebla. (2) Northern range with the Kaukab el Hawaor Castle Belvoir. Bold features. (3) Wady Kharrâr. Four successive terraces from the northern range to Nalir Jalûd.
 * }
 * The group, its limits and dimensions. Three divisions. (1) Jebel Duhy. Nein. Endor. Tell el 'Ajjûl. Eastern base. Kh. Maluf. El 'Afuleh and Aphek. Solam and Shunem. Saul's last battle. Tub'aûn and Tubania. Camps of the Crusaders and Saladin. Kleber's decisive victory. Eastern Plateau diagonally divided by Wady Dabu and Yebla. (2) Northern range with the Kaukab el Hawaor Castle Belvoir. Bold features. (3) Wady Kharrâr. Four successive terraces from the northern range to Nalir Jalûd.
 * }
 * }
 * }
 * }


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1em {|
 * -width=16px!important|
 * width=454px!important|
 * width=60px!important|
 * colspan = 2 |General View of Lower Galilee
 * Its basins, lowlands, ranges, uplands, plains, and scenery.
 * colspan = 3 |The Highlands of Samaria and Judea.
 * colspan = 2 |Introductory
 * The Geographical analysis of these mountains impracticable before the present Survey. Dr. Robinson's aims and labours. The new Survey now supplies the materials. Five divisions adopted.
 * colspan = 2 |The Northern Samaritan Hills
 * The North Eastern base. The Western face. The Eastern face. The northern and southern division distinctly marked. The eastern end of the dividing line indicated. The features on either side contrasted. The Wady el Ifjim. The eastern side of the northern part described. The prolongation of the dividing line described westward to the sea, from Wady el Ifjim, through the Plain of Salim, the Nablus gap, Wady esh Shair or Zeimer, and Nahr Iskanderuneh. The northern escarpment of the northern part, and its summit. Mount Gilboa or Jebel Fukû'a. Double Summits in the south. Three spurs at northern end. Broad western branch and lesser spur. Abrupt eastern slope. Elevated lateral valleys. Valley of Jelbon. The contortions of the waterparting. Valleys of el Mughair and Raba. Southern boundary indicated by the drainage. Summary view of the western division of the Northern Samaritan Hills in six sections. Connected plains. Routes.
 * colspan = 2 |The Southern Samaritan Hills
 * The Southern limit. The Eastern Side contrasting the Southern with the Northern Hills. Eastward projection of the waterparting. Merj Sia. Eastern side also contrasted with the next section on the south. Elevated lateral valleys. Jehir 'Akrabeh with upper and lower terraces. Wady Nasir. Wady ed Duba and Wady el Merajem. The Western Side. Undulating plateau. Western and Eastern altitudes. Plain of Mukhnah. Wady Ishar. Interior ranges. Wady Kanah. Falik Hills.
 * colspan = 2 |The Mountains of Judea. (1) Northern Group
 * Northern limits. Mount Ephraim. Summit of Northern Slope, culminating points. Shebtin heights and valleys. Lateral communications. Southern limits. Five Parallel ranges. Isolated hills in the Plain of Sharon.
 * colspan = 2 |The Mountains of Judea. (2) The Jerusalem Group
 * Separation of the Mountains and Lowland Hills, on the south of Wady Malakeh. Wady el Muslib. Wady el Mikteleh. "Valley of Ajalon. Interruption and recurrence of Meridional valleys at Yalo. Wa v dy en Najil. Wady es Sur. Hills and Mountains distinguished by altitudes. Plains of el Jib and Rephaim, or the Western Plateau of Jerusalem. Southern limits of the group. The low hills of this group distinct from the Shephelah. (1) Western Slope from Jerusalem Plateau. (2) Southern or Middle Slope. (3) Eastern or Jordan Slope. The Plain of Bukeia. Line of Eastern Summits. Eastern Plateau of Jerusalem. Middle Range.
 * }
 * The Geographical analysis of these mountains impracticable before the present Survey. Dr. Robinson's aims and labours. The new Survey now supplies the materials. Five divisions adopted.
 * colspan = 2 |The Northern Samaritan Hills
 * The North Eastern base. The Western face. The Eastern face. The northern and southern division distinctly marked. The eastern end of the dividing line indicated. The features on either side contrasted. The Wady el Ifjim. The eastern side of the northern part described. The prolongation of the dividing line described westward to the sea, from Wady el Ifjim, through the Plain of Salim, the Nablus gap, Wady esh Shair or Zeimer, and Nahr Iskanderuneh. The northern escarpment of the northern part, and its summit. Mount Gilboa or Jebel Fukû'a. Double Summits in the south. Three spurs at northern end. Broad western branch and lesser spur. Abrupt eastern slope. Elevated lateral valleys. Valley of Jelbon. The contortions of the waterparting. Valleys of el Mughair and Raba. Southern boundary indicated by the drainage. Summary view of the western division of the Northern Samaritan Hills in six sections. Connected plains. Routes.
 * colspan = 2 |The Southern Samaritan Hills
 * The Southern limit. The Eastern Side contrasting the Southern with the Northern Hills. Eastward projection of the waterparting. Merj Sia. Eastern side also contrasted with the next section on the south. Elevated lateral valleys. Jehir 'Akrabeh with upper and lower terraces. Wady Nasir. Wady ed Duba and Wady el Merajem. The Western Side. Undulating plateau. Western and Eastern altitudes. Plain of Mukhnah. Wady Ishar. Interior ranges. Wady Kanah. Falik Hills.
 * colspan = 2 |The Mountains of Judea. (1) Northern Group
 * Northern limits. Mount Ephraim. Summit of Northern Slope, culminating points. Shebtin heights and valleys. Lateral communications. Southern limits. Five Parallel ranges. Isolated hills in the Plain of Sharon.
 * colspan = 2 |The Mountains of Judea. (2) The Jerusalem Group
 * Separation of the Mountains and Lowland Hills, on the south of Wady Malakeh. Wady el Muslib. Wady el Mikteleh. "Valley of Ajalon. Interruption and recurrence of Meridional valleys at Yalo. Wa v dy en Najil. Wady es Sur. Hills and Mountains distinguished by altitudes. Plains of el Jib and Rephaim, or the Western Plateau of Jerusalem. Southern limits of the group. The low hills of this group distinct from the Shephelah. (1) Western Slope from Jerusalem Plateau. (2) Southern or Middle Slope. (3) Eastern or Jordan Slope. The Plain of Bukeia. Line of Eastern Summits. Eastern Plateau of Jerusalem. Middle Range.
 * }
 * colspan = 2 |The Southern Samaritan Hills
 * The Southern limit. The Eastern Side contrasting the Southern with the Northern Hills. Eastward projection of the waterparting. Merj Sia. Eastern side also contrasted with the next section on the south. Elevated lateral valleys. Jehir 'Akrabeh with upper and lower terraces. Wady Nasir. Wady ed Duba and Wady el Merajem. The Western Side. Undulating plateau. Western and Eastern altitudes. Plain of Mukhnah. Wady Ishar. Interior ranges. Wady Kanah. Falik Hills.
 * colspan = 2 |The Mountains of Judea. (1) Northern Group
 * Northern limits. Mount Ephraim. Summit of Northern Slope, culminating points. Shebtin heights and valleys. Lateral communications. Southern limits. Five Parallel ranges. Isolated hills in the Plain of Sharon.
 * colspan = 2 |The Mountains of Judea. (2) The Jerusalem Group
 * Separation of the Mountains and Lowland Hills, on the south of Wady Malakeh. Wady el Muslib. Wady el Mikteleh. "Valley of Ajalon. Interruption and recurrence of Meridional valleys at Yalo. Wa v dy en Najil. Wady es Sur. Hills and Mountains distinguished by altitudes. Plains of el Jib and Rephaim, or the Western Plateau of Jerusalem. Southern limits of the group. The low hills of this group distinct from the Shephelah. (1) Western Slope from Jerusalem Plateau. (2) Southern or Middle Slope. (3) Eastern or Jordan Slope. The Plain of Bukeia. Line of Eastern Summits. Eastern Plateau of Jerusalem. Middle Range.
 * }
 * colspan = 2 |The Mountains of Judea. (1) Northern Group
 * Northern limits. Mount Ephraim. Summit of Northern Slope, culminating points. Shebtin heights and valleys. Lateral communications. Southern limits. Five Parallel ranges. Isolated hills in the Plain of Sharon.
 * colspan = 2 |The Mountains of Judea. (2) The Jerusalem Group
 * Separation of the Mountains and Lowland Hills, on the south of Wady Malakeh. Wady el Muslib. Wady el Mikteleh. "Valley of Ajalon. Interruption and recurrence of Meridional valleys at Yalo. Wa v dy en Najil. Wady es Sur. Hills and Mountains distinguished by altitudes. Plains of el Jib and Rephaim, or the Western Plateau of Jerusalem. Southern limits of the group. The low hills of this group distinct from the Shephelah. (1) Western Slope from Jerusalem Plateau. (2) Southern or Middle Slope. (3) Eastern or Jordan Slope. The Plain of Bukeia. Line of Eastern Summits. Eastern Plateau of Jerusalem. Middle Range.
 * }
 * Northern limits. Mount Ephraim. Summit of Northern Slope, culminating points. Shebtin heights and valleys. Lateral communications. Southern limits. Five Parallel ranges. Isolated hills in the Plain of Sharon.
 * colspan = 2 |The Mountains of Judea. (2) The Jerusalem Group
 * Separation of the Mountains and Lowland Hills, on the south of Wady Malakeh. Wady el Muslib. Wady el Mikteleh. "Valley of Ajalon. Interruption and recurrence of Meridional valleys at Yalo. Wa v dy en Najil. Wady es Sur. Hills and Mountains distinguished by altitudes. Plains of el Jib and Rephaim, or the Western Plateau of Jerusalem. Southern limits of the group. The low hills of this group distinct from the Shephelah. (1) Western Slope from Jerusalem Plateau. (2) Southern or Middle Slope. (3) Eastern or Jordan Slope. The Plain of Bukeia. Line of Eastern Summits. Eastern Plateau of Jerusalem. Middle Range.
 * }
 * Separation of the Mountains and Lowland Hills, on the south of Wady Malakeh. Wady el Muslib. Wady el Mikteleh. "Valley of Ajalon. Interruption and recurrence of Meridional valleys at Yalo. Wa v dy en Najil. Wady es Sur. Hills and Mountains distinguished by altitudes. Plains of el Jib and Rephaim, or the Western Plateau of Jerusalem. Southern limits of the group. The low hills of this group distinct from the Shephelah. (1) Western Slope from Jerusalem Plateau. (2) Southern or Middle Slope. (3) Eastern or Jordan Slope. The Plain of Bukeia. Line of Eastern Summits. Eastern Plateau of Jerusalem. Middle Range.
 * }
 * Separation of the Mountains and Lowland Hills, on the south of Wady Malakeh. Wady el Muslib. Wady el Mikteleh. "Valley of Ajalon. Interruption and recurrence of Meridional valleys at Yalo. Wa v dy en Najil. Wady es Sur. Hills and Mountains distinguished by altitudes. Plains of el Jib and Rephaim, or the Western Plateau of Jerusalem. Southern limits of the group. The low hills of this group distinct from the Shephelah. (1) Western Slope from Jerusalem Plateau. (2) Southern or Middle Slope. (3) Eastern or Jordan Slope. The Plain of Bukeia. Line of Eastern Summits. Eastern Plateau of Jerusalem. Middle Range.
 * }
 * }
 * }
 * }


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Rh {|
 * width=16px !important|
 * width=454px !important|
 * width=60px !important|
 * colspan = 2 |
 * Limits. Main Range. Western Slope. Eastern Slope. The Middle Range continued. Eastern Range continued. Triple terraces. Highest Plateau. Wady el Khulil or valley of Hebron.
 * colspan = 2 |
 * In five groups : —1. From Wady es Surar to Beit Dejan. 2. Between Wady es Surar and Wady es Sunt. 3. Between Wady es Sunt and Wady el Afranj, 4. Between Wady el Afranj and Wady el Hesy. 5. South of Wady el Hesy.
 * }
 * Limits. Main Range. Western Slope. Eastern Slope. The Middle Range continued. Eastern Range continued. Triple terraces. Highest Plateau. Wady el Khulil or valley of Hebron.
 * colspan = 2 |
 * In five groups : —1. From Wady es Surar to Beit Dejan. 2. Between Wady es Surar and Wady es Sunt. 3. Between Wady es Sunt and Wady el Afranj, 4. Between Wady el Afranj and Wady el Hesy. 5. South of Wady el Hesy.
 * }
 * colspan = 2 |
 * In five groups : —1. From Wady es Surar to Beit Dejan. 2. Between Wady es Surar and Wady es Sunt. 3. Between Wady es Sunt and Wady el Afranj, 4. Between Wady el Afranj and Wady el Hesy. 5. South of Wady el Hesy.
 * }
 * In five groups : —1. From Wady es Surar to Beit Dejan. 2. Between Wady es Surar and Wady es Sunt. 3. Between Wady es Sunt and Wady el Afranj, 4. Between Wady el Afranj and Wady el Hesy. 5. South of Wady el Hesy.
 * }
 * }
 * }


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PREFACE.

first instalment of the Survey of the Holy Land, which the Committees and Subscribers of the Palestine Exploration Fund have for so many years persevered in producing, is at length published, and together with the work at Jerusalem and minor results, it may well be offered as a justification of all the exertions, and outlay, which have been expended.

This portion of the Survey of Palestine is bounded by the Nahr el Kasimîyeh or Litany River on the North, and by the Wady es, Seba on the South; with as much of the Jordan and the Dead Sea on the east, and of the Mediterranean Coast on the west, as the northern and southern limits admit. Within this extent are the southern part of Phœnicia including Tyre but omitting Sidon; nearly the whole of Galilee; all Samaria; and the greater part of Judæa; indeed from Dan to Beersheba.

The whole of the surveyed area covers more than 6,000 square miles. The survey occupied seven years in the field, and more than two years in addition were spent in the preparation of the work for publication. The immediate results of this survey in particular include: 1. A large map on the scale of one mile to an inch, reproduced and published in 26 sheets, each of which measures 22 inches by 18, the whole when joined together extending to 13 feet by 7. 2. A reduction of the large map for general purposes, on the scale of about 2 miles to an inch, in six sheets, the size when joined together being 5 by 3 feet. 3. Numerous special plans on large scales of towns, buildings, and ruins. 4. Memoirs composed from the field notes of the surveyors, and from abstracts of authentic works. These treat on the natural features and products of the country, its hills and valleys, springs, wells, cisterns, water-courses, and streams; its present


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 divisions, towns, villages, ruins, and highways;—the identification of Biblical and other Historical sites;—the inhabitants, their languages, legends and traditions, manners and customs, and superstitions. 5. A general index to the native names of about 9,000 places, with their signification as far as possible. 6. Photographs, sketches, and other illustrations. The plans, memoirs, index, and illustrations, will be combined and published in quarto volumes, now in the press. Three editions of the reduced map are in hand, illustrating: 1. The Modern Geography. 2. The Old Testament, and 3. The New Testament.

The publication of this remarkable survey with its accompaniments, goes far to throw open a splendid field of critical research, in the most satisfactory way. Without such a map of the country as the Fund has produced, the student of the History of Palestine, sacred and profane, ancient, medieval, and modern alike, had to grope about in the midst of uncertainty. Even the most gifted explorers on the ground, could only partially note and record the facts connected with their actual route, while they had no adequate means of bringing the neighbourhood beyond their reach on either side, within the scope of their research. .A map constructed on the basis of route surveys must be unequal to the requirements of modern science. It is but an imperfect substitute for such a work as the present. Few unsurveyed countries had received more able or more abundant attention than Palestine in the form of route surveys; these indeed being combined in its case with more pretentious works, for which neither adequate time nor proper arrangements had however been provided. To form a judgment on the comparative value of the new survey with former publications, the best of which are the latest, but by no means the largest, it is only necessary to examine them together, in any part, when the inexpressible superiority of the new work will at once be observable.


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 To one who laboured with Dr. George Grove to produce a map of the Holy Land from the materials in existence before the Palestine Exploration Fund Survey, it may be allowed to express a lively and grateful sense of the merits of. the new work. Unlike all its predecessors it is an original survey of the ground as a whole, on the best scientific methods. It is derived entirely from actual observation, carried on throughout on the same accurate and exhaustive basis; and it conveys all the information that is usually desired in a topographical map. It is a sound foundation for every kind of research in Palestine connected with topography. Such is the work that has been designed and executed by a body of private individuals depending on voluntary subscriptions. It excites the hope that the same successful instrumentality will now be directed to the completion of the survey of the Holy Land, including Lebanon on the north, the Negeb and Desert of the Wanderings on the south, and the interesting regions east of the Jordan. In the first "Statement of Progress" issued by the Committee, it was said that "so long as a square mile in Palestine remains unsurveyed, so long as a mound of ruins in any part, especially in any part consecrated by the Biblical history, remains unexcavated, the call of scientific investigation, and we may add the grand curiosity of Christendom remains unsatisfied." The spirit thus manifested cannot fail to derive great encouragement from the successful results of the labours which it has accomplished,—encouragement to persevere in the good work of applying the evidence existing on the land, to the elucidation of the record in the book. It is gratifying to add that since these remarks were in type, the Trans Jordan Survey has been decided upon.

A comparison of the new survey with former maps, displays an immense accession of detail,in such a form as to make one feel familiar with the country, and able to follow up the most obscure tracks along which any of the Biblical or other Historical narratives may lead. The map will doubtless elicit a general overhauling of the records of


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 the past relating to the Holy Land, both sacred and secular. Next to visiting the scene of great exploits is the delight of tracing them on a faithful map of adequate scale, and even on the ground itself the map is a needful expositor. A map like the present, has all the character of a new revelation, and the exercise of the critical faculty, is sure to be brought into play on Palestine to an unprecedented extent, with regard to every interesting site, whether it have been identified, or have hitherto escaped identification. The discussion of such questions opens up a lively prospect for the editor and readers of future "Quarterly Statements."


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7 THE SURVEY OF WESTERN PALESTINE

INTKODUCTION.

To appreciate the use and value of the New Survey, it is necessary to examine it in some detail, and to bring it into comparison with the information that existed previously. Passing over the methods by which a survey is accurately made, it is enough at present to observe that the foundation of a geographical map is its Outline, consisting chiefly of the delineation of its Waterways. A distinct acquaintance with this branch of the subject is a fundamental element of geographical knowledge.

To describe the waterways of a country intelligibly, it is needful to adopt a simple method, based on the following facts. In tracing a watercourse from its source to its final outfall, it is found that some outfalls dispose of the waters of very small areas with simple systems of watercourses ; while other outfalls are the drains of very large areas, with a great complication of watercourses, not easily unravelled. The area drained through each distinct outfall or mouth, is called a Basin, whether it be small or large ; and its boundary is a Waterparting. The surfaces descending from a Waterparting to a Watercourse are called Watersheds or Slopes. The term Watershed or Slope is equally applicable to the sides of the smallest valley or of the largest continent. In the latter case, the term includes all the basins into which the same continental slope is divided. In like manner a Waterparting may be a simple ridge or mere swelling of the ground between

B 2


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8 8 AN EXAMINATION OF THE NEW SURVEY.

two of the smallest streams, as well as the natural division of the waters of a Hemisphere.

The New Survey is included in two great Watersheds, that of the Mediterranean Sea on the west, and that of the Jordan on the east. The main Waterparting between these sheds or slopes, runs through the map between the Jordan and the Sea coast, in a very zig-zag course, which it is difficult to follow on the map, without prominent distinction by colour or by detailed description. About three-fourths of the country west of the Jordan are on the Mediterranean slope. The Basins of the Mediterranean Watershed will be examined first, then those of the Jordan. Afterwards the Orography or Eelief of the country, its Plains and Highlands, will undergo a systematic examination, bringing out the dis- tinctive forms of the ground, taking further notice of. the Valleys, and rendering the intricate combination of the moun- tains intelligible. This will be the limit of the present work ; but other investigations will follow.


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Only a part of the basin of the Kasimîyeh, or Litany, falls within the Survey, its northern limit being chiefly the lower course of that river. The southern waterparting of the basin commences on the sea coast, about midway between Tyre and the mouth of the river. It is not well-defined at first, but it comes within a mile of the river on the west of Bidias, and here divides the Kasimîyeh from the Hubeishîyeh basin. The waterparting continues eastward as far as Sarifa, where it is a mile and a half from the river, but it bulges southward on the way, to a distance of two miles.

From Sarifa, the waterparting passes south-eastward to Burj Alawei, then southward to el Yehûdiyeh, eastward to beyond Safed el Battikh, southward round Berashît, and westward through Beit Yahûn to Ras et Tireh; where the Kasimîyeh basin ceases to be in contact with the Hubeishîyeh, and becomes contiguous with the Ezzîyeh basin. The waterparting runs on to Marûn er Ras, having the villages of et Tireh and Bint Umm Jebeil on the west, and those of Ainitha and Marûn er Râs on the east.

The Kasimîyeh basin now runs with that of the Jordan, and proceeds from Marûn-er-Râs east to Deir el Ghabiyeh, then north towards Meîs where it makes another bend to the east, and then north to Hunin and el Khurbeh, separating the Wady 'Aizakaneh and other small


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10 10 THE MEDITERRANEAN WATERSHED.

branches of the Kasimiyeh from the ISTahr Bareighut or Derdera and other tributaries of the Jordan. Beyond the survey, the Kasimiyeh rises on the eastern side of the highest part of Lebanon, on the Dhor el Khodib or Jebel Akkar, about 70 miles north of the great bend where it falls into the Palestine Exploration Map. It drains the central and south- western parts of the valley of Hollow Syria, lying between Lebanon on the west, and Anti Lebanon with Mount Hermon on the east. In the south-eastern part of Hollow or Ccele Syria, the Kasimiyeh is divided from Herrnon by Jebel et Dahar and the Wady et Teim, in the basin of the Jordan. The Kasimiyeh basin is here confined to the eastern slopes of Tomat Niha, and the riyer runs in a vast chasm at the foot of that moun- tain, the twin peaks of which form the culminating summits of Southern Lebanon. At the southern end of that range, the chasm opens up into a small plain, and the basin expands a little, so as to include the Jermuk River which descends from the western side of Tomat Niha, and joins the Kasimiyeh about two miles north of Kulat esh Shukif or Belfort Castle. Here the river falls within the Survey, which, however, only extends to its southern bank, where it bends westward to the sea. On the north bank the basin is confined to narrow limits, and gives off only a few short branches to the main stream.

Within the Survey the basin of the Kasimiyeh is chiefly within the Wady el Hajeir and its tributary Wady Selukieh. The latter rises at Marun er Ras and joins the Hajeir in a deep gorge on the east of Burj Alawei. The Hajeir rises at el Jumeijmeh, and falls into the Kasimiyeh near the Bridge of K'ak'aiyeh. The direct distance between Marun er Ras and the Kasimiyeh exceeds fourteen miles. The width of this part of the basin varies from three to eight miles.

On the east of Wady el Hajeir, the Kasimiyeh, in bending to the west, receives the Wady 'Aizakaneh, from a valley on the south. The Wady 'Aizakaneh is in the same line as the main stream, before it bends to the west, but the course of the 'Aisakaneh is directly opposite. It rises near Hunin, and


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11 THE BASIN OF NAHE KASIMIYEH. 11

has a length of about six miles. Further east another valley divides the 'Aizakaneh from the waterparting of the basin.

On the west of the Hajeir, the southern margin of the Kasimiyeh basin contains several villages ; and some small tributaries cut their way to the main stream through its high and rocky banks. One of the streams runs parallel to the waterparting by two channels for some distance.

The basin of the Kasimiyeh has been corrected as follows : The Hajeir is found to rise near el-Jumeijmeh, instead of at Aitheran. It is the Selukieh (Seluky), a branch of Hajeir which carries the basin of the Kasimiyeh so far south as Marun-er-Eas. West of Wady Hajeir the basin is deprived of a considerable area reaching south in former maps beyond Ter Zibna (now Teir Zinbeh), the new survey having discovered that this tract belongs to the Hubeishiyeh basin, which has its outfall into the sea, between the mouth of the Kasimiyeh and the city of Tyre.

Another geographical explanation is necessary before proceeding further. The basins of the Mediterranean Slope may be divided into two classes. Those of the first class are coterminous with the Jordan Basin. The second class basins are separated from the Jordan by the interposition of the upper parts of first class basins. This remark bears especially on the structure of the country which includes Tyre and Acre on its coast. In that part it will be found that only four consecu- tive basins in the interior divide the Kasimiyeh (or Litany) from the Mukutt'a (or Kishon) Basin. The four are the Hubeishiyeh, Ezziyeh, Kurn, and N'arnein ; although there are about 30 distinct outfalls along the coast within this area. The Hubeishiyeh is reckoned among the first class basins, although it is divided from the Jordan Basin by the southern extension of the Kasimiyeh. But the latter is an exceptional case, for it conforms rather with the upper part of the first class basins of the Jordan's Western Slope, than with similar features on the. Mediterranean Slope.* The second class

 * See pages 186, 187.


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12 basins in some cases are nearly as important as those of the first class, while others scarcely deserve notice. The following are of the second class between Tyre and Acre, viz.:— Wady el 'Akkib, Wady Shema, Wady ez Zerka, Wady Kerkera, Nahr Mefshukh, Wady el Majnuneh, and Nahr Semeiriyeh. The consecutive upper portions of the first class basins, constitute an elevated plateau, between the waterparting range, and an irregular, ill-defined, outer range, which gives rise to the streams of the second class basins, while it is intersected by the gorges through which the streams of the plateau descend to the sea.

This basin is in contact with the Kasimiyeh Basin from the sea eastward and southward to a mile west of Beit Yahfn; thence to Kefrah, it joins the basin of Wady el Ezziyeh; and from Kefrah to the sea, it is bordered by the basin of Wady el 'Akkab, and smaller channels near Tyre.

Wady el Hubeishiyeh was named Wady el Mezra'ah, by Dr. Robinson and others. Mezra'ah is a place on the Wady Ashfr, the name of the middle part of this wady. Scarcely anything beyond the name is found in Dr. Robinson's map. The map to Mons. V. Guerin's "Galilee" is more ample in detail, but the only name given to this wady in it, is O. Achour, the equivalent in French to Wady Ashtr. Much more complete in this part is Lieutenant Van de Velde's map, and also the map of the Holy Land in Dr. William Smith's Ancient Atlas. But in those maps as in Mons. Guerin's and others, the Wady Humraniyeh (which is the northern branch of el Hubeishiyeh) is unnamed and misrepresented, its upper part being made tributary to Nahr Kasimiyeh. The addition of the upper Humraniyeh to the basin of el Hubeishiyeh extends the basin as far north as Sarifa (Therifeh in some maps).

The Basin of Wady el Hubeishiyeh is now found to be drained by two imain channels, of which the Wady el


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15 WADY EL EZZIYEH. 15

'Ain Ibal, (formerly 'Ain Baal) and enters the sea at er Rushei- diyeh, within three miles south of Tyre.

Next on the south is another minor basin beginning near Yater, on the south-west of Kefrah. Its main channel, in the upper part, bears the name of Wady Nettarah. It runs north-west to el-Kuneiseh, where it receives a small branch from the village of Kana, and there bends at right angles on its way to Deir Kanun, Shema'aiyeh, and the coast, which it reaches at Ras el 'Ain. The relation of this wady to the places connected with it in former maps is materially altered by the new survey.

The basin of Wady el Ezziyeh is quite confined to the banks of the wady for three miles above its outfall into the sea. It becomes about two miles wide where the main channel is sunk in a deep gorge below the village of Zubkin, which stands on the waterparting between the Ezziyeh and the minor basins on the north. East of the mountain of Kh. Belat (alt. 2,467 feet) and crossing the villages of Beit Lif and Ramia, the basin has a width of about four miles. Further east the basin attains to its greatest width, or ten miles, between the waterparting at Haris on the north, and at Sasa on the south. From the mouth of Wady el Ezziyeh on the west to Marun er Ras (alt. 3,083 feet) on the east, the distance in a straight line is about 16 miles. At Marun er Ras the waterpartings of the Ezziyeh, Kasimiyeh, and Jordan basins meet.

Between the sea and the neighbourhood of Kefrah, the basin of Wady el Ezziyeh is coteiminous with the minor basins of Leileh, Nettai ah, and 'Akkab. Near the villages of Kefrah, Haris, and Hadd&tha, it meets the Hubeishiyeh basin. From thence to Marun er Ras it runs south-easterly with the Kasimiyeh basin. From Marun er Ras to Sasa its course is south-westerly along the waterparting of the Jordan, or more particularly, the tributary basin of the Jordan which has its outfall through Wady Hindaj into Lake Huleh. Near Sasa is the southernmost limit of the Ezziyeh basin ; and here the waterparting bends at a right angle to the north-west, crossing


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 Jebel Adâther (alt. 3,300 feet) which divides the first class basins of Wady el Ezzîyeh and Wady el Kûrn. From the foot of Jebel Adâther, the waterparting runs with second class basins, beginning with the important Wady Kerkera; north of which it meets a series of small basins confined in a triangular space between the lower part of Wady el Ezziyeh and the mountain range of Jebel el Mushakkah, so well known by its termination on the coast in Ras en Naktrah. This group of minor basins has undergone much rectification from the Palestine Exploration Survey. The largest of them are Wady Shema and Wady ez Zerka, the latter rising in the mountain of Kh. Belât (alt. 2,467 feet), from which is a panoramic prospect of great extent and beauty. The Tell Belât (alt. 2,020 feet), is a distinct summit to the south in the midst of the Wady Kerkera basin.

Among the dubious questions set at rest by the Palestine Exploration Survey, none is more striking than the topography of the Ezziyeh basin. Robinson's map throws but little light upon it. Van de Velde's map and the "Holy Land" edited by Dr. George Grove for Dr. William Smith's Ancient Atlas, are remarkable approximations to the truth. But the latest map in Mons. V. Guerin's elaborate "Description de la Galilée" erroneously throws the whole of the southern part of the upper Ezziyeh basin—from Kh. Shelabun (Guerin's Kh. Cha'laboun) to Kh. el Kurah (Guerin's Kh. Koura)—into the Kerkera basin. So also does Lieutenant Van de Velde.

Although this basin is only of the second class, being divided from that of the Jordan by the southern part of the upper plateau of the Ezziyeh, it is of some extent and not devoid of natural features. These however seem to have escaped the travellers who have visited this region, among


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 whom are Dr. Tristram, who camped at el Basseh, but was drawn off from the smoother features of Kerkera, to the bold gorge of Wady el Kûrn and its) fine ruined castle which he has so well depicted. Mons. Guerin has reported on several of the ruined sites and villages of the Kerkera but he had no eye for the river basins, or for the mountainous and other natural features, except in a picturesque point of view, his attention being chiefly attracted by the present inhabitants, and the remnants left by their far more numerous and wealthy predecessors, who have passed away, leaving only abundant proofs of the natural capacity of the country at large to support a much larger population than the present. These smiling fields and pastures; woodlands, orchards and gardens; picturesque hills and valleys; amid high mountains and deep, precipitous gorges; would naturally swarm with people, if good government could be secured. In this desideratum all the manufacturing and trading nations of the earth have a common interest, no less than the sovereign and people of the localities immediately concerned, for whatever adds to the productiveness of the soil promotes consumption in general, and enlarges the demand for every article that adds to the comforts of life.

Dr. Robinson ignores Wady Kerkera altogether, and generally confuses the topography of this tract. For it is the Kerkera, and not Wady el Kûrn, which drains the southern slope of the range that terminates in Ras en Naktirah. And as for Teirshiha, it is quite within the basin of Nahr Mefshukh (Mabshuk), instead of being on the southern side of Wady el Kûrn; although no doubt it may appear to be so from the distance at which Dr. Robinson made his observation. In tracing the Wady el Kûrn up to Jebel Jurmuk, Dr. Robinson is quite right as he generally is in dealing with the broader aspects of his subject. No one can be a greater admirer of Dr. Robinson's geographical genius than the present writer, and these remarks, far from


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18 being meant to be personally invidious, are only recorded as proofs of the value of the Palestine Exploration Survey, and the impossibility of placing dependence on observations of a less exhaustive character.

It remains to be said that the Kerkera basin stretches southward from the summit of Jebel Mushakkah over a distance of three or four miles, its southern margin passing through Kh. 'Abdeh, Kh. Jelil, and Fassitah. Tel Belt (alt. 2,020 feet) rises in the midst of the basin. The head of the basin on the east, runs with the southern part of the Upper Ezzîyeh, between Kh. Belât (alt. 2,467 feet), and Jebel Adâther (alt. 3,300 feet). Its length is about 15 miles,

This is the Nahr Herdawil of some writers. Although, at its outfall into the sea, this basin is separated from the outfall of Wady el Ezzîyeh, by several minor basins and the great headlands of Ras en Nakûra and Ras el Abyad, these two basins meet together in the highlands at Jebel Adâther, (alt. 3,300 feet), and by their junction divide the basins of Wady Kerkera and the Jordan, both of which also approach Jebel Adâther on the north-west and south-east respectively.

Between the sea and the north-western roots of Jebel Adâther, the basin of Wady el Kûrn is bounded by that of Wady Kerkera. Next to Jebel Adâthar and the Ezzîyeh basin, the Karn basin falls in contact with three great divisions of the Jordan basin, which have their outfalls: (1) by Wady Hindaj into Lake Huleh; (2) by Wady Amûd, which drains Safed into the Sea of Galilee; (3) by Wady er Rubbudiyeh, which like Wady Amûd reaches the Sea of Galilee through the Ghuweir or Plain of Gennesaret. This section of the boundary of the basin is the source of its head waters, and encircles them by mountains of the greatest height in Galilee, for south-east of Jebel Adâther is Jebel Jurmuk (alt.


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 3,934 feet), and further south is Jebelet el Artis (alt. 3,520 feet). South of Beit Jenn, the waterparting of the Kûrn basin passes from contact with the Jordan basin, and meets for about three miles the north-eastern extremity of the great N'amein basin, which divides the Kûrn by a wide interval from the Mukutt'a basin, and empties itself into the sea on the south of Acre. Between the Kûrn and N'amein outfalls and basins, a series of minor basins occur, of which those of Wady el Majnuneh and Wady Mefshukh abut on Wady Kûrn, The villages of Seijûr in the N'amein basin, Kisra in the Majnuneh basin, and Teirshiha with Malia in the Mefshukh basin, mark the course of the Kûrn waterparting, till the basin contracts into the narrow gorge through which the stream descends from the highland, to the Maritime plain. The extensive ruins of Kulat el Kurein, the Crusaders' Castle of Montfort, dominate this gorge, and control the road which passes through it between the coast and the interior. Onward to the sea at ez Zib, the biblical Achzib, the basin remains confined to the banks of the stream.

The upper basin of the Kûrn is drained by two main branches which unite at Kh. Karhatha. The eastern branch descends by deep gorges north-westward along the western base of the mountain range which extends from Jebelet el Arûs (alt. 3,520 feet) to Jebel Jurmuk (alt. 3,934 feet); and it receives from the northern end of the same valley, but flowing in an opposite direction, a branch from Jebel Adâther (alt. 3,300 feet). At the foot of a long spur from Jebel Jurmuk the wady bends from the junction to the west, then to the north, and again westward to the junction at Kh. Karhatha, and onward to the sea.

The western branch rises near Beit Jenn and skirts the western waterparting of the basin up to Kh. Karhatha. It flows through the fertile plains of el Bukeiah, but it descends to the junction through a deep and rocky gorge between Suhmata and Teirshiha.


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This basin has its outfall into the sea at the northern end of the Bay of Acre and near the fortress. On the north it is coterminous with the minor basin of Nahr Semeiriyeh, which reaches the sea about four miles north of Acre, and forms one of the series of minor basins between the Nahr N'amein and Wady el Kûrn.

The Semeirîyeh rises on the west of Deir el Asad in two branches, which are named Wady el Humeira and Wady el Jezzâzeh, and have the village of Julis between them, a third and shorter branch rises near the village of Yerka, and passing between Kefr Yasif and Abu Senan, takes the name of Wady Abu edh Dhaheb. The waterparting between this minor basin and that of Wady el Majnuneh on the north, is marked by the villages of Kuweikat, Amka, and Deir el Asad.

The Majnuneh basin extends four miles further into the interior than the preceding, and is bounded on the east by the upper basin of el Kûrn. Its principal branch rises near Kisra (alt. 2,520 feet) and skirts the southern edge of the basin. Another branch rises on the south of Teirshiha and runs close to the northern edge of the basin, under the imposing remains of Kulat Jiddin, the vast Castle Judin of the Crusaders, and said to have been repaired as late as 1750 by Sheikh Dhaher when he governed Galilee. Another wady drains the centre of this basin and comes down between the villages of Yanûh (alt. 2,200 feet) and Jett, and empties itself at Kh. Akrûsh.

The basin of Nahr Mefshukh lies between the Majnuneh and el Kûrn. At its head are the villages of Malia and Teirshiha, near which rise three branches which skirt the northern and southern edges, and the centre of the basin,


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 respectively. Their junction takes place amidst a group of villages, including Kabry, et Tell, el Kahweh, el Ghabsiyeh, el Ferj, and el Jebakhanjy, amidst miles of gardens and orchards. The great fountain called el Kabry is here, and it supplies Acre with water through an aqueduct. The whole basin appears to be extremely fruitful and picturesque, and it retains many vestiges of antiquity.

The Semeirîyeh, Majnuneh, and Mefshukh basins, together with a very small but distinct tract between the outlets of Mefshukh and Kûrn, named Wady Sillik, complete the area surrounded by the basins of Wady el Kûrn and Nahr N'amein.

The Nahr N'amein is identified with the Belus or Pagida mentioned by Josephus and by Pliny. Its northern waterparting divides it from the Semeirîyeh, the Majnuneh, and the upper basin of Kûrn. This waterparting is, besides, a mountain range extending from the Jebelet el 'Arûs (alt. 3,520 feet) and presenting many bold and precipitous escarpments on its southern face, until it sinks into the maritime plain near Acre. The range forms the natural division between Upper and Lower Galilee. Except Jebelet el 'Arûs, the only height given along the range on the Palestine Exploration Survey is Jebel Heider (alt. 3,440 feet); until the mountain slopes downwards to the plain at el Judeiyideh (alt. 295 feet) and at el Mekr (alt. 191 feet). Captain Mansell's observations partly supply this want. He gives for Kûrn Hennawy (alt. 1,110 feet); for Mejd el Kerûm (alt. 1,294 feet); for the summit south of el Bukeiah, probably on the road to Seijûr (alt. 2,657 feet). As the Southern Range of Upper Galilee, it is further noticed in page 177.

The eastern waterparting of Nahr N'amein divides it from the Jordan basin, and from that division of it in particular which has its outfall by Wady er Rubudiyeh into the Sea of Galilee. It extends from Jebel Heider, near Beit Jenn to Ras Hazweh, near Arrabet el Buttauf. The direct length is


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 seven miles, but, in consequence of a bold projection of the Jordan basin westward, the length along the dividing line is about 12 miles. The only altitudes observed on this line are at its extremities in Jebel Heider (alt. 3,440) and Ras Hazweh (alt. 1,781 feet). The heights of Jebel el Kummaneh and Jebel 'Abhariyeh are desiderata.

The southern waterparting of Nahr N'amein runs altogether with that of Nahr el Mukutt'a. The only altitude observed on this line is at Jebel ed Deidebeh (alt. 1,781 feet). Between Ras Hazweh and Khurbet Jefât,the parting runs from east to west; from Khurbet Jefât it takes a south-western course till it closes on the permanent stream of Wady el Melek on the south of Shefa 'Amr; and from thence it proceeds northwestward to the Bay of Acre.

The greatest width of this basin is about ten miles north to south, through Shefa 'Amr; and its greatest length is about 19 miles.

Its principal channel is the Wady el Halztin, called also higher up, Wady Sh'aib. It isthe recipient of two head-waters which come respectively from Jebel Heider on the north-east, and Ras Hazweh on the south-east. Another affluent is Wady esh Shaghûr which joins it from el Baneh on the north. It has several tributaries along its left bank or from the south, among which the chief are the Wady el Balât which passes Kâbûl; and a smaller one rising near Tumrah and passing er Rueis.

North of Wady el Halzûn, is Wady el Waziyeh, which, with the affluent of the Halzûin rising near el Baneh, successively defines the southern base of the mountain range between Upper and Lower Galilee. These wadys are traversed by the principal route between Acre, Safed, and the noted passage of the Jordan at Jisr Benat Yakûb.

South of Wady Halzûn, is the Wady 'Abellîn, which rises on the west of Kh. Jefât, passes Kaukab and Kh. 'Abellîn and falls into the swamp of Nahr N'amein. Parallel with Wady Abellîn on the south-west, are three small wadys, of which the first descends from 'Abellîn; the second comes from Tell Saraj Alauneh and passes Shefa 'Amr; while


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 the third skirts the waterparting up to Jidru, and then falls with the others into the end of the N'amein Swamp. The N'amein basin forms the north-western part of Lower Galilee. The south-western part is the Basin of the Mukutt'a and the whole of the eastern part is in the Jordan basin. The delineation of this important part of the country has undergone great improvement from the Palestine Exploration Survey, especially along the line of communication between Acre, Safed, and the East. The Halzûn also is now found to proceed straight into the swamp, instead of making a great bend to the south to join the 'Abellîn, from which it is really quite separate. The relation of the plains of Rameh and Sukhnin, and the correct position of the confluence of their main channels is now made intelligible. The proper allocation of the Valley of Jipthah-el may now be discussed, with a knowledge of local conditions that leaves nothing to be desired.

"The great battle-field of Jewish History and the chief scene of Our Lord's ministrations," to use Dean Stanley's impressive words, are embraced in this basin and its counterslope. The defeats of Sisera, Saul, and Ahab; Elijah's conflict with the priests of Baal; the deadly wounding of King Josiah; the Saviour's home at Nazareth; the marriage at Cana of Galilee; the resurrection of the widow's son at Nain; all occurred here. The great plains of Esdraelon and the lesser plains of Buttauf and Toran, the mounts of Carmel and Gilboa, and the highlands of Nazareth, characterise the scene.

The northern boundary of the basin, dividing it from Nahr N'amein, and extending from the Bay of Acre, to Ras Hazweh has been already described. The eastern boundary reaches from Ras Hazweh along the waterparting of the Jordan to Tannin (alt. 1,460 feet). The direct distance is 30 miles; but following the windings the length is 50 miles. Several of the western affluents of the Jordan descend