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 dangers; but all weighed light in comparison of those I had escaped from: I therefore pierced through the trees, and walked with all the swiftness my strength would permit, though often obliged to sit a few minutes and rest.

I believe I must have walked upwards of four hours, when I observed a path to the right, which I entered upon, and in a short time came to a descent, from whence I thought I could discern the top of a house.—The idea gave me spirits; I hastened down the declivity, and arrived at that house where most fortunately I met with you.

That it was the Count who came next morning, I have no doubt: Nor am I surprised that he should take the lady; but as doubtless she betrayed me, I am greatly astonished that he did not return, and force me from thence.

Thus, gentlemen, I have accounted to you for my appearance.—Heaven, doubtless, sent you for my preservation; but I feel most poignantly for the affliction I know my


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 amiable friend and her benevolent father must suffer, from the incertitude of my fate."

Louisa having concluded her story, Ferdinand proposed setting off immediately for Ens, to relieve the inquietude of her friends. She gratefully thanked him, but said, she had many reasons to prefer sending a messenger, as it was not unlikely that Mr. d'Allenberg might have left Ens, and the journey prove fruitless; but if he would have the goodness to procure a courier, she would endeavour to write both to him and the gentleman they had visited, and by that means should certainly gain intelligence of their route, if they had quitted the city. This method was adopted, and a proper person soon obtained, who was dispatched with the letter.

Mean time, Ferdinand and the Count expressed a good deal of anxiety that they had no return to the letters they had written.—For five or six days past, they had daily expected them, and the disappointment grew very painful.

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 To divert their attention, they asked the young Count Reiberg to ride with them to the Turk's cottage, as they wished to know if he had gained any information relative to Fatima.

On arriving at the house, they were surprised to see all the window shutters fastened. The Count advanced to the door, and knocking with his whip, found the door was on a jar. They alighted, and repeated the knock; but no one appearing, and fancying they heard a noise something like the moan of a person in pain, they pushed open the door, and ventured in. There was no one below, but an appearance of disorder in the room, the closet open, and things scattered about, that gave them an idea some ruffians had broken in and plundered the house.

They had no fire arms with them, and therefore went cautiously up stairs.—The same disorder was apparent in the first room they entered; but on going through to an inner apartment, how greatly were they astonished and shocked, to behold a gentle-


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 man on the floor dead or dying, and Heli also on the floor, with very little appearance of life, though he feebly moved one of his hands, as they hastened towards him.

The blood was running from a wound in his neck; this they quickly staunched with their handkerchiefs, bound up the wound, and raised him upon the sofa; whilst the Count and Baron were attending to him.—Ferdinand had examined the gentleman, who seemed to be dangerously wounded, and scarcely alive. His wound was in the side, and, as they supposed, proceeded from a pistol; therefore, not knowing where the bullet might be lodged they could form no judgment of his danger; however, they stopped the blood, washed his face with cold water, and, by the help of drops, he soon began to show signs of life. He opened his eyes, and making a great effort to speak,

"Your help is in vain—I am dying."

"Do not despair, Sir," said Reiberg."—And pouring some drops into water, he got a little down his throat.—Again trying to


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 speak, he said, Tis in vain!"—Not, however, discouraged, they raised him upon a sofa likewise, and Reiberg got upon his horse, and flew towards the city for a surgeon.

On his return with one in a very short space of time, he found they were both alive, Heli in a much better state than the other;—but he preserved a sullen silence; the gentleman was incapable of speaking. The surgeon having examined their wounds, pronounced Heli's not dangerous, but the other's very doubtful, as he could not then extract the ball. After he had dressed them, and given them some cordials to restore their spirits, the gentleman seemed to acquire some strength.

"I must die," said he to the surgeon; "I know I must; flatter me not."

"I fear indeed," answered he; "if you have friends, or any thing to do, no time should be lost."

"This then is the end," exclaimed the other feebly, and paused for a few moments;


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 then turning to the gentlemen, "this is the conclusion of a life short as to years—but an eternity in vice and wickedness.

"I am Count Wolfran—Louisa Hautweitzer is my lawful wife—she must inherit. I die by the hand of a vile Turk, cut off when projecting the death of others. This is retribution.—Women—passion, vile principles, have destroyed me.—I have a house, servants, wretches in the ."

Here his articulation failed; he struggled violently to speak, which occasioned his wounds to bleed afresh, and carried him off in a few moments.

Heli viewed this scene with a gloomy ferocity, but spoke not. Ferdinand and his friends were equally shocked and surprised.

"Unhappy man," cried the Count, 'this is indeed a terrible conclusion of an ill-spent life."

"Do you then know the gentleman?" asked the surgeon; "I understood he was a stranger."


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 "Personally so," returned Count M, "his name, I know, has too often been disgraced by bad actions—but here they rest."

Turning to Heli—"Perhaps he can give some solution of this strange business.—My friend," said he to Ferdinand, "will you inquire."

The surgeon here interposed.—"I think, gentlemen, you had best defer 'till to-morrow any examination; the sudden and fatal effects which attend the agitation of the spirits, we have just seen; and if I can translate that man's looks, he is not likely to be very placid."

They subscribed to this opinion; and therefore Ferdinand addressed him in very soothing terms, to which the other made no reply.

The body was removed to another room, and the surgeon undertook to send a proper person to attend on Heli.

"But what," cried the Count, "is become of the women servants?"

This question was again asked of Heli.


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 "The devil has them," answered he, sulkily.

They then proceeded to search the house. No person was to be found; the trunks and closets were all open and stripped.

"The house is robbed," said Ferdinand to Heli.

"By your cursed sister," returned he in German.

The surgeon and Reiberg stared.—Ferdinand was extremely confused; but recovering himself—"If the woman you call my sister," answered he in the same language, "has robbed you, you can blame only yourself; I disclaim all knowledge or affinity to her."

Heli did not perfectly understand him, but again furiously and maliciously repeated, "your sister, the cursed Fatima."

Provoked and much hurt, he said to the surgeon, "I entreat of you, Sir, to inquire out for an interpreter for this man; he knows not what he means; let him have a proper


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 LESSON CXVI.

坑 kheⁿ; pit; trench. 坎 khàm; precipice. 坎 khám; pit. 坷 khɵ́; uneven. 崩 pang; fall in ruins. 涸 khɵ́; dry up; ebb.

陷 hām; pitch down. 泉 cûaⁿ; a spring. 源 ngŵn; source. 皇 hûang; sovereign. 帝 tì; potentate. 少 sìo; juvenile.

1 suaⁿ kheⁿ. kĭa khàm. 2 kheⁿ cúi tùi cí kɵ̀ lâu lɵ̂h lâi. lâu khɵ́. 3 cêk pôiⁿ sĭ kĭa suaⁿ, cêk pôiⁿ sĭ chim kheⁿ. 4 kheⁿ khàm. káu cûaⁿ. 5 cí tîo kheⁿ kâi ngŵn thâu tɵ̆ suaⁿ téng, ŏi chut cûaⁿ ciu nî bŏi khɵ́. 6 khàm kha. céⁿ cûaⁿ. 7 sim khám. khám khɵ́. 8 hām hāi. hām kheⁿ. 9 kheⁿ hãm. sîaⁿ hãm. 10 suaⁿ pang, tī hãm. 11 chîeⁿ pang tīo khʉ̀. 12 cúi kháu pang khʉ̀. 13 hŏ lɵ̂h kàu suaⁿ thô pang cêk lō. cúi khí thâu khɵ́. 14 cúi cûaⁿ; pue cûaⁿ. 15 n̂g cûaⁿ bɵ̂ láu sìo. 16 cúi ngŵn thâu. sìo nî. 17 cîah cúi tîeh su̵ tîeh ngŵn thâu. láu sìo. 18 hûang tì. hûang tì ūi. 19 sam hûang ngŏ tì. 20 gêk hûang sĭang tì. 21 tì hûang tì bɵ̄. pang hãm. 22 ngŵn cûaⁿ kún kún.

1 A ravine. Precipice. 2 The water of the ravine runs down here. The tide ebbs. 3 One side is a steep mountain, the other a deep ravine. 4 A gorge. The other world. 5 The source of this stream is a mountain spring which flows all the year round. 6 Foot of the cliff. Wellspring. 7 Pit of the stomach. Irksome. 8 Unjustly implicate. Pitfall. 9 Entrap. The city has fallen. 10 A landslide; state in ruin. 11 The wall has fallen down. 12 The spout is demolished. 13 Rained till the soil slid on to the whole path. Tide begins to ebb. 14 A fountain; a cascade. 15 In the grave there are no years. 16 Headwaters. Youthful. 17 In drinking think of the fountain. Young and old. 18 Emperor. The throne. 19 The famed eight-rulers. 20 The highest of the gods. 21 Wear a crown. Fall, as a cliff. 22 A boiling spring.


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 person to explain what he says, that he may not be misunderstood."

The surgeon, whose curiosity was evidently much excited, promised instantly to comply with his request; upon which they left him there with one of Count Reiberg's servants, another having been sent away for the surgeon's assistant, on whose arrival he promised to set off and procure an interpreter.

The gentlemen, particularly Ferdinand, left the house under much perturbation. The latter bitterly lamented his folly, in making himself known to Fatima; for as he supposed her capable of any excesses, should the Turk promulgate the report of his consanguinity to her, it would reflect infinite disgrace on his name, and render him an object of curiosity to the inhabitants of the city.

Perplexed and uneasy, he returned to the Baron's, and saw no method to do away the prejudice with which Heli's story and malicious expressions might possibly fill young Reiberg's mind to his disadvantage, than by


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 life and death was overdeveloped in proportion to their knowledge of the organisation of their society or any of the niceties of conduct prescribed for their elders. They were in a position which would be paralleled in our culture if a child had seen birth and death before she was taught not to pass a knife blade first or how to make change for a quarter. None of these children could speak the courtesy language, even in its most elementary forms, their knowledge being confined to four or five words of invitation and acceptance. This ignorance effectually barred them from the conversations of their elders upon all ceremonial occasions. Spying upon a gathering of chiefs would have been an unrewarding experience. They knew nothing of the social organisation of the village beyond knowing which adults were heads of families and which adult men and women were married. They used the relationship terms loosely and without any real understanding, often substituting the term, "sibling of my own sex," where a sibling of opposite sex was meant, and when they applied the term "brother" to a young uncle, they did so without the clarity of their elders who, while using the term in an age-grouping sense, realised perfectly that the "brother" was really a mother's or father's brother. In their use of language their immaturity was chiefly evidenced by a lack of familiarity with the courtesy language, and by much confusion in the use of the dual and of the inclusive and exclusive pronouns. These present about the same difficulty in their lan-


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 guage as the use of a nominative after the verb "to be" in English. They had also not acquired a mastery of the processes for manipulating the vocabulary by the use of very freely combining prefixes and suffixes. A child will use the term fa'a Samoa, "in Samoan fashion," or fa'atama, tomboy, but fail to use the convenient fa'a in making a new and less stereotyped comparison, using instead some less convenient linguistic circumlocution.

All of these children had seen birth and death. They had seen many dead bodies. They had watched miscarriage and peeked under the arms of the old women who were washing and commenting upon the undeveloped fœtus. There was no convention of sending children of the family away at such times, although the hordes of neighbouring children were scattered with a shower of stones if any of the older women could take time. from the more absorbing events to hurl them. But the feeling here was that children were noisy and troublesome; there was no desire to protect them from shock or to keep them in ignorance. About half of the children had seen a partly developed fœtus, which the Samoans fear will otherwise be born as an avenging ghost, cut from a woman's dead body in the open grave. If shock is the result of early experiences with birth, death, or sex activities, it should surely be manifest here in this postmortem Cæsarian where grief for the dead, fear of death, a sense of horror and a dread of


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 LESSON CXVII.

王 ûang; king; royal. 君 kun; ruler. 國 kok; kingdom. 省 séⁿ; province; save. 府 hú; prefecture; gentlemen. 州 ciu; a political division.

縣 kūiⁿ; a district. 京 kiaⁿ; capital. 官 kuaⁿ; official. 軍 kun; troops. 衙 gê; tribunal. 塔 thah; pagoda.

1 kun ûang. kok kun. 2 hú kun. kok ûang. 3 kok ke. ûang ke. 4 gūa kok. séⁿ cîⁿ. 5 kok ke kâi sʉ̄. ûang bɵ̄. 6 séⁿ kang. kuaⁿ hú. 7 cɵ̀ kuaⁿ. lâk kuaⁿ. 8 kuaⁿ lō. gê mn̂g. pak kiaⁿ. 9 lō tèng. sìa chan. 10 cí kĭaⁿ sʉ̄ ŏi cɵ̀ tit sêng cĭu sĭ tɵ̆ hú sîaⁿ. 11 kuaⁿ hú íⁿ keng chut gê mn̂g. gūa kok nâng. 12 nín cêk séⁿ ŭ jîeh cōi hú ciu thiaⁿ kūiⁿ. 13 tong kok kāng ŭ câp poih séⁿ. ûang ke mûeh. 14 úa kìa sìn lâi khʉ̀ hue kî kok khut úa kâi chin nâng. hú sîaⁿ. 15 tong kok kâi hûang tì cɵ̆ ūi kàu taⁿ ŭ jîeh cōi nî; lʉ́ kāng úa tàⁿ. 16 kiaⁿ kuaⁿ pí kak séⁿ kâi kuaⁿ ío tōa. 17 cʉ̆ cá ŭ cêk ki kuaⁿ kun tùi thah kha keng kùe. 18 kun bé. sam kun.

1 Princes. The sovereign. 2 The deceased. The king. 3 Reigning family. The king. 4 Foreign lands. Save money. 5 National affairs. A crown. 6 Save labor. Magistrates. 7 In office. The Six Boards. 8 Highway. Yamun. Peking. 9 By the road. The sacrament. 10 If this thing can be accomplished, it will be at Hu city. 11 The magistrates had left the court. Foreigners. 12 How many political divisions has your province ? 13 China has eighteen provinces. Appurtenances of kings. 14 I am sending a letter to my relatives in America. The prefectural city. 15 How long since the Emperor of China ascended the throne; you tell me. 16 The officers of the capital are greater than those of the provinces. 17 A while ago a staff of officers went past the pagoda. 18 A regiment. The army.


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Rh $undefined$ the centre of Palestine, and this agrees with the later Midrashim, Tan., ''loc. cit., and parallel passages; Seder Rabba di-Bereshit, loc. cit.Since it was assumed that the ark was placed in the centre of the holy of holies (Meleket ha-Mishkan 53; not so Maimonides, Yad ha-Hazakah, Bet ha-Behirah 4.1, and RSBM on Baba Batra 99a) upon the Eben Shetiyyah, the legend, desirous of finding creation centres (comp. the elaborate account of such circles in Zohar II, 157, and III, 161b), quite naturally saw in this stone the centre of the earth.In view of the belief that the creation of the earth (and of everything; comp. Yoma 85a) began with its centre, the Eben Shetiyyah also became the beginning of creation.The oldest source (Yoma 5.2), where this stone is mentioned, leaves no doubt that it is considered to have come down there at the time of the first prophets (i.e., Samuel and David; comp. Sotah 48b and Yerushalmi 9, 24b; see, however, Yerushalmi Berakot 5, 8d), and it is therefore impossible to assume that the Mishnah identified it with the stone with which creation began.It is accordingly probable that {{{he|שתיה}} is the same as, and is to be translated “fire-stone”, i.e., meteor.We have here, therefore, a tradition based upon 2 Samuel 24.16, seq.'', and 1 Chron. 21.26, according to which a meteor fell down at this place (note that the Mishnah does not read ), where subsequently the holy of holies was situated.Hadar on Exod. 19.19 quotes Targum Yerushalmi ad loc., in which is employed in the sense of meteors.Later, however,  was connected with  “loom” (creation as a spinning out of skeins of the warp is a favorite picture; comp. BR 10.5 and the parallels given by Theodor) and  “foundation”; comp. Tosefta, Yerushalmi, and Babli Yoma, ''loc. cit.''; Yerushalmi Pesahim 4, 30d; PK 28, 171a; Tan. B. III, 78; Tan. Ahare 3 and Kedoshim 10; WR 20.4; BaR 21.4; Shir 3, 9.In all these passages it is stated that the stone was called Eben Shetiyyah because the foundation of the world had been laid with it.A later development of the Eben Shetiyyah legend transferred to this stone all that which had originally been said concerning the foundation of the temple (comp. vol. IV, p. 96, and note 69 appertaining to it).It is therefore asserted that the “Ineffable Name” was engraved on this stone, whose power checks the Tehom from overflowing the earth; comp. Targum Yerushalmi Exod. 28.30; Targum Eccl. 3.11.This legend is further enlarged upon in Jewish Jesus tales.Since the knowledge of this name enabled anyone to accomplish all one desired, a device was necessary to prevent misuse. At


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 LESSON CXCVI.

遊玩 * thit thɵ̂; recreation. 後生 * hău seⁿ; youthful. 逼挾 pek hîap; over awe. 支派 ciⁿ phài; a tribe. 松柏 sêngsɵ̂ng [sic] peh; the pine tree. 公正 * kuaⁿ cìaⁿ; rectitude.

慌遽 * chîh chɵ̂h; flustered. 慌忙 huang mâng; flurried. 垢穢 * nah sap; dirty. 濫妄 * lăm sám; careless. 腌臢 * chi gî; disgusting. 潮濕 * ip cîp; dark and damp.

1 i kâi nâng kuaⁿ cìaⁿ. 2 lʉ́ tîeh kuaⁿ cìaⁿ tàⁿ. 3 i kâi mîa sek m̄ hɵ́. 4 nín cí cêk ciⁿ phài ŭ jîeh cōi nâng? 5 hău seⁿ nâng hàuⁿ thit thɵ̂. 6 khan i khʉ̀ thit thɵ̂. 7 pĭ i pek hîap. 8 cɵ̀ sʉ̄ m̄ hɵ́ chîh chɵ̂h. 9 i huang mâng khí sin. 10 sim lăi kâi nah sap pí sin gūa kâi nah sap jú kèng tîeh cai lí cheng khih. 11 i tàⁿ ūe lăm sám. 12 lʉ́ m̄ hɵ́ lăm sám thî phû i kâi mîa. 13 cí tieⁿ chn̂g chi gî căi. 14 cí lǎi khah ip cîp. 15 kín pháng bɵ̂ hɵ́ se. 16 nah sap nâng cɵ̀ nah sap sʉ̄. kuaⁿ cìaⁿ hɵ́ thit thɵ̂. 17 i kâi nâng bŏi lám sám, sɵ́ íⁿ i kâi mîa sek hɵ́. 18 i kâi sim tĩaⁿ, sɵ́ íⁿ i cɵ̀ sʉ̄ bŏi huang mâng. 19 sim lăi cêk ē huang mâng sɵ́ íⁿ cɵ̀ sʉ̄ cĭu chîh chɵ̂h.

1 He is an upright man. 2 You must speak the truth. 3 His reputation is bad. 4 In your tribe here how many people are there ? 5 Young people are fond of pleasure. 6 Lead him out for a walk. 7 Intimidated by him. 8 Do not be in a fluster. 9 He started in a hurry. 10 It is more important to remove the impurity of the heart than the uncleanness of the body. 11 He speaks recklessly. 12 You should not heedlessly introduce his name. 13 This table is filthily dirty. 14 It is too dank in here. 15 Urgent spinning makes bad yarn. 16 Dirty people do dirty things. Proper recreation. 17 This person is not negligent, therefore his reputation is good. 18 His mind is made up, so he acts without precipitation. 19 His mind is agitated so he does things in a fluster.


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 a brief recital of the adventure which had brought him to the knowledge of Fatima, to the truth of which his friend the Count could bear testimony.

He therefore seized the first opportunity, when the dinner was over, and the servants withdrawn, candidly to repeat every circumstance; and concluded with saying, that from Fatima's elopement, and the presence of Count Wolfran at Heli's, he had little doubt but that they had contrived some dark plot, in the execution of which the Count had fallen a victim; but by whom the house was robbed, or the preceding circumstances, could only be learnt from Heli, whose sullen taciturnity for the present afforded no lights to guide their search.

When Ferdinand had concluded the little narrative, which he thought requisite to do himself justice, he could not avoid remarking an uncommon spirit and animation in the appearance of Reiberg; his looks, his voice, his whole form, seemed to possess a new soul; involved in perplexity on his own


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 affairs, 'till this moment the alteration had escaped his notice.

The other, observing that both the Count and Ferdinand looked at him with surprise, caught the hand of the latter—"My dear Sir, I can translate your thoughts; know then, the events of this morning nearly concern me; they hold out a dawn of hope, a possibility of happiness, which I thought for ever extinguished: Count Wolfran was my mortal enemy; he robbed me of the woman I adored; his relations were her guardians, they compelled her to give him her hand;—he is dead, and she is free.—Heaven is just—and I may hope."

The Count and Ferdinand were astonished at this development, and more so to find that he was unacquainted with the circumstances that had occasioned a separation between the Count and his lady.

"Where does the Countess reside?" asked Ferdinand.

"I believe in a convent," answered Reiberg.—"I have only once heard from her


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 since her fatal marriage. She wrote to me, that, by mutual consent, she was separated from her husband, and intended to retire from the world; conjured me, as I valued her future happiness, if chance should ever throw me in the way of Count Wolfran, whatever reports might reach my ears, as probably many false stories might be promulgated, never to lift my hand against his, or embitter her days, by hazarding my own life: Entreated me to consider her as dead to the world, and to form another connexion, which she knew was most anxiously wished for by my friends."

The first part of her request I resolved strictly to observe: I sought not Count Wolfran—I desired not to meet him, since his death, by my hands, would have placed an insuperable bar to any hopes from Theodosia; but the passion she had inspired was interwoven with my existence, impossible to be eradicated, and being hopeless, produced an entire change in my disposition. I found myself insensibly growing morose, unsociable,


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The Song of the Bats

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title: The Song of the Bats


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 and unpleasant to my friends; my temper seemed to be utterly ruined; but the events of this morning has occasioned an entire revolution in my feelings; the possibility of hope has restored me to myself.

A few words the Count uttered, as he was dying, surprises and confounds me.—He said, "Louisa:" The tumult of my spirits, at the moment, has lost the recollection of the other name; but he said, "Louisa is my wife—she must inherit."

What could be meant; had he two wives, or is my Theodosia dead? The idea chills me; for I know not the name of the convent she retired to.—'Till this doubt is removed, I cannot give myself up to joy, tho' my heart feels light, and presages happiness. The Count, I know, has an estate near Ulm, and I believe relations there: We must dispatch a courier to them, and then my destiny will be decided."

Count M and Ferdinand, having listened with much satisfaction to the volubility of Reiberg, who had spoken more words


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 in a few moments than he had uttered in several days, felt infinite pleasure that they could do away some part of his apprehensions, by assuring him that Theodosia still existed, and even named to him the convent she resided at; but their confidence was limited; for her situation, in respect to the Count, being very delicate, they held themselves bound to conceal that part of her story, and even prevailed with the Baron to delay sending off a messenger until the next morning, under the pretence of gaining further information from Heli; but in reality they wanted to inform Louisa of this event, and consult with her the proper steps necessary to assert her rights.

By advice of the Count, Ferdinand set out to see her, whilst the former, with Reiberg, went to visit Heli.


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CHAP. XI.

Ferdinand arrived at Dr. Renau's, he heard that Louisa was very much recovered, and on being introduced to her, was charmed to see her more easy, and apparently in better health than he could have expected. After a few compliments, and a little preparatory chat, he bid her prepare to hear news interesting and pleasing, and then entered upon the scenes which they had witnessed at Heli's cottage.

Louisa was both surprised and affected.—She shed many tears for the dreadful fate of a man she once tenderly loved; thus cut off in the high career of vice, when he was planning new schemes of mischief. After she grew a little composed, he repeated the story of Count Reiberg, and concluded with asking what directions she would give him or her friends to prosecute her claims to a share of


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 the late Count's property, as his widow; his last words before witnesses would corroborate the circumstances she could bring forth.—After pausing for some time, she delivered her sentiments in these words:

"There was a time, when, to be acknowledged the wife of Count Wolfran, would have been my pride, my happiness; that time is no more. To be justified in the opinion of my generous friends and protectors, is now the only gratification his confession can afford me.

"I never will make any public claims;—my story is unknown, but among my few friends; there let it rest.—The generous, noble-minded Theodosia, was married in the face of the world; she has a child; that child is his lawful heir; nor for millions would I deprive it of its rights, or occasion confusion to its amiable mother, by the ill natured observations of little minds, who will judge superficially of the deception practised against her.

"This then is my determination: I will not appear in the business; Theodosia is


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194] $undefined$ with which the song of the cock is to be connected, is frequently mentioned in later Midrashim, especially in the mystic literature; comp. Midrash Shir 42a; midrashic quotation in the anonymous commentary on Song of Songs, published in Steinschneider-Festschrift, Hebrew section, 55–56, where the song of praise of the trees in paradise is brought in connection with God’s visit; Seder Gan ‘Eden 132–133; Zohar I, 10b, 40b, 72a, 77a–77b, 82b, 92a, 92b, 178b, 218b; II, 46a, 57a, 173b, 175b, 196a; III, 22a, 22b, 23a, 52b, 193a; Zohar Hadash Bereshit 3, 17b.On the cock as the herald of light, and the one who admonishes man not to forget to chant praise to God, comp, the Greek Apocalypse of Baruch 7, and for further details, see Grünbaum, Gesammelte Aufsätze, 77, seq., and Ginzberg in Jewish Encyclopedia, s.v. “Cock”, and note 39.As to the song of praise of the vulture, comp. Hullin 63a. Concerning the song of the mouse, comp, note 171.On the hymn of the frog see vol. IV, pp. 101–102, and Löw Lurchnatnen 7 in Florilegium in honor of M, de Vogüe, 398. In connection with the Hebrew name of the first letter of the alphabet, God is made to say: “I open the tongue and mouth of all men =, so that they shall praise Me daily and recognize Me as King over the four corners of the earth.Were it not for the daily hymns and songs of praise, I should not have created the world.” The heavens, the earth, the rivers, the brooks, the mountains, and the hills, in brief, the entire order of creation, chant hymns to the Creator.Adam too intoned a hymn to the Lord saying, (comp, vol. I, 83–85): “It is a good thing to give thanks to the Lord, and to sing praise to His name.” With these words he referred to the songs of praise intoned by the celestials and terrestrials; Alphabet R. Akiba 12–13.


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 Countess of Wolfran; send an express to her; let her emerge from her solitude, and act for her child, as heir to the Count; her claims are incontestable—mine, were I inclined to assert them, might subject me to trouble from his relations; but I have no such inclinations; a thousand reasons of delicacy, honour, and gratitude, determine me to resign all my pretensions."

"But," said Ferdinand, "how shall we account for the last words of the Count, spoken before Reiberg and the surgeon? of which the former has taken notice."

"As the delirium of the moment," answered she.—"The surgeon cannot be interested to investigate it: The Countess will be recognized by all his friends and her's, and Reiberg may be led to believe it was some transient attachment he had lately formed. The words of a dying man, situated as he was, may easily be overlooked."

"Well," said Ferdinand, "I admire your resolution exceedingly; I trust we shall, in a few hours, have the benefit of Mr. d'Allenberg's advice; for I think they will not de-


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 lay their journey, when they know your situation."

"I believe so," replied Louisa, "and shall rejoice to see them; but my determination is fixed, as to resigning all claims on the deceased or his property.—On that head, I have made up my mind; nor will any advice or persuasions prevail upon me to alter it; and indeed there is less generosity than justice in this resolve, because I have no one that can be benefited by the Count's fortune; and his child is, and ought to be, his heir; therefore, dear Sir, have no doubts on the business; send off to the Countess without delay; I will prepare a letter to go by the same courier."

As Ferdinand observed that she appeared fatigued with talking, and saw she was truly decided, he forebore intruding on her by farther conversation, and retired to procure a messenger; also to fabricate some plausible story to account for the last words of Count Wolfran.


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 When he returned, he found his friend the Count, and young Reiberg, were still absent; he waited on the Baron, and consulted him about the disposal of the Count's body, until the pleasure of his lady should be made known. The Baron readily undertook to manage that business, and to send a proper person with a shell to remove it from Heli's.

They began to be extremely surprised at the long absence of the others; night came on, and they did not appear, when suddenly a loud knocking revived their spirits; presently they heard a bustle, when four armed men rushed in, and produced their authority to arrest Ferdinand for robbery and murder!

Inconceivably astonished, the Baron and he gazed on each other for a few seconds in silence; but the former first recovering, cried out, "This is a false and malicious charge; I know this gentleman; I can answer for his honour and innocence."

"Very possibly, Sir," replied the principal of them; "but that must be proved; we


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 can do nothing about it; we must obey the warrant; and if the gentleman is innocent, he will soon be at liberty; he must, however, go with us." Ferdinand had by this time recovered from his surprise; turning to the Baron—"Be not disconcerted, Sir, the business will soon take another turn; the man is right; I must comply with the mandate, and appeal elsewhere." At that moment entered the Count and young Reiberg.

"How! What is the meaning of all this?" cried the latter."

His father briefly informed him of the charge and arrest.

"That cursed revengeful Turk," exclaimed the Count; "but he shall not be carried to a prison."

"I beseech you, my good friends," said Ferdinand, "not to oppose the authority issued against me. Innocence is best proved by a quiet submission to the laws, and a proper appeal to higher powers. I am ready to attend you, said he, turning to the man."


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Tales from Tolstoi board too. They weighed anchor, left port, and sailed forth upon the sea. All day they sailed prosperously, but in the evening the wind arose and the rain came; the vessel began to rock and ship water. The people were pitched to and fro, the women began to wail, and the leader of the muzhiks began to run about the ship to seek a place to lie upon. Fear overcame Efim also, but he did not show it. As he had sat on his arrival from the steppe, side by side with a pilgrim from Tambov, so he continued to sit all night and the whole of the next day; all they did was to guard their knapsacks in silence. On the third day it was calm. On the fifth day they came to Tsar'grad. Those of the pilgrims who had landed went to see the temple of the Divine Wisdom, where the Turks now held sway; Tarasuich did not land, but remained on the ship. They remained there twenty-four hours, and then they again put to sea. They stopped again at the town of Smyrna; the next city they stopped at was Alexandria, and so they arrived safely at the town of Jaffa. At Jaffa all the pilgrims landed, and they had seventy versts to go on foot to Jerusalem. And fear again seized the people as they landed, for the ship was lofty, and they threw the people down into the little boat, and the boat rocked to and fro, and didn't bear even looking at, but they had to go; one or two of the men got a ducking, but they were all safely landed. They were landed, and continued their journey on foot, and on the fourth day they came to Jerusalem. They remained outside the

184


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 "Sir," returned the man, who had spoken before, "you are a gentleman and an honourable one too.—I am certain—I am sorry I am ordered on such an affair; but I hope you will soon have your liberty."

"I thank you, my good fellow," replied he.

Then embracing his friends, after they had inquired where he was to be carried to, they parted.

No sooner had Ferdinand been taken off, than young Reiberg gave the following relation to his father:

"When we arrived at the cottage, we were extremely surprised to be seized upon by five or six men, on our entrance into Heli's apartment. My first idea was, that they were banditti, but I was soon convinced of my mistake. Heli was reclined on the sofa, as we had left him; a man, who we found was an interpreter, standing by his side.

"On seeing us, he spoke with an appearance of chagrin to the other: He asked where


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 the other gentleman was that had been there in the morning? I replied we had left him in the city, and demanded to know the reason we were thus seized upon. The interpreter made the following reply:

"I was sent here this morning by a surgeon; just as I arrived, came these men also, with orders to arrest this Turk for the murder of Count Wolfran, information of which had been given to a magistrate.—I explained to Heli their business; he grew outrageous, and denied the fact: Meantime, two of the men had searched the house, had found the dead body, and some empty pistols.

"This corroborated the charge, and they were on the point of dragging him away wounded as he is.—When he understood this, he declared, that a gentleman, who called himself Count Ferdinand, but who he believed to be a rogue and a sharper, with his sister, calling herself Fatima, had concerted with the late Count to enter his house, and


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Rh town in the Russian quarter, showed their passports, had a little breakfast, and went with the pilgrims about the holy places. To the very Sepulchre of the Lord Himself they were not yet admitted. First of all, they went to early morning mass to the Monastery of the Patriarch, and prayed there and offered their votive candles. They looked from the outside on the Church of the Resurrection, where was the very tomb of the Lord.

On the first day they were only admitted into the cell of St. Mary of Egypt, where she had fled for refuge. They placed their votive candles and recited their prayers. They wished to come to early mass to the Sepulchre of the Lord, but came too late. They went to the Monastery of Abraham; they saw the garden of Savek, the place where Abraham would have sacrificed his son to God. Then they went to the place where Christ appeared to St. Mary Magdalene, and to the church of St. James, the Lord's brother. The pilgrim showed them all these places, and told them everywhere how much money they had to pay, and where to place their candles. Again they returned to the resting-place, and they had only just laid them down to sleep when the pilgrim raised a wail, and began to search all about his clothes.

"They have filched my purse," cried he, "with all my money, twenty-three roubles—two ten-rouble notes, and three in small money."

The pilgrim fretted and fumed, but there was no help for it, and they all laid them down to sleep. 185


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 plunder him of some jewels, which the two former knew he had with him.

"That the Count, Fatima, and a strange man, assaulted him; he made resistance;—upon which the woman had stabbed him in the neck, and he directly caught up a pistol, and fired on the Count: That seeing him fall, and Heli faint with the blood that flowed from his wound, also falling, they had proceeded to plunder the house, had carried off his casket of jewels, and fled, leaving him and the Count to all appearance dying; and then the former confessed Ferdinand had persuaded his sister to get possession of those jewels.

"In the morning, he said Ferdinand, with two gentlemen, came to the house, the former, no doubt, expecting to find him dead, and seemed much surprised and confused when he saw both alive. The Count dying soon after, Ferdinand went into the rooms, and then returned, crying out, the house was plundered; upon which he (Heli) accused his infamous sister: That Ferdinand spoke


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This version
This version has several changes from the Weird Tales version:
 * witchly -> witchy
 * eld -> old
 * and in the last line - night -> might.

-- Beardo (talk) 20:47, 10 March 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:The Song of the Bats (unsourced)


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 to him in the Turkish language, desiring he would not expose him, by calling Fatima his sister; but he disdained any other reply than the same accusation in German; upon which the other, greatly confounded, pretended to show much compassion for him, but made off as soon as he could; and he supposed some of his confederates had charged him with the murder of the Count, to get rid of him; but he now charged Ferdinand, his sister, and other accomplices, with an intent to murder and rob him."

"This," continued the interpreter, "was the account delivered to the men. Some circumstances seemed improbable; yet there were others not unlikely, because it was plain he had been robbed, by the disorder in the house. Two men were left to guard him, whilst three went away to repeat this story to the magistrate.

"They soon returned; we were ordered to wait here, and seize who ever should come to Heli. Mean time, an order was given to arrest this Ferdinand at the house of Baron


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THE TIGER IN BORNEO.

The close general uniformity of the Fauna of Borneo with that of the Malayan Peninsula and Sumatra is a well known fact, and the progress of research has steadily lessened such differences as were, even of late years, supposed to exist. The main conclusion drawn by Zoologists from this circumstance is that the island of Borneo has formed, at a very recent geological epoch, an integral portion of the south-eastern extension of the Asiatic continent; and that, consequently, the animals which now inhabit it immigrated into its area over a continuous land-surface, and were not introduced by those fortuitous accidents which effect the peopling of all ordinary insular tracts of land.

This being the case, it is remarkable that, whilst all the larger mammals of the Peninsula-elephant, rhinoceros, tapir, wild oxen, &c. are found existing in both areas, the tiger, which is so abundant in the last named district and so peculiarly fitted by its restless habits to extend its range rapidly over a continuous and congenial habitat, should be entirely wanting in Borneo alone of the three great Sunda islands. Borneo, so far as we can see, furnishes the conditions of life suitable for this animal's existence in a degree no less than do the Peninsula, or Sumatra, or Java. And yet, so far from the tiger itself having been observed, not even a relic of it in a fossil condition has ever been recorded.


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 Mr. has commented, somewhere in his works, on this puzzling fact in animal distribution, and he has suggested that the tiger may have been a denizen of the jungles of Borneo in former days, and that it has subsequently become extinct from causes at present unexplainable. This is, of course, a purely hypothetical solution of the problem. Another one occurs to me—also hypothetical, but also possible—viz., that the tiger may he a comparatively recent immigrant southwards on this side of Asia; and that, by the time it had extended its range to the latitude of the extremity of the Peninsula, the insulation of Borneo from the mainland by submergence of the intervening area may have already roached to such an extent, as to render it no longer possible for the animal to effect a lodgment on the island, even by dint of its well-known power of swimming across wide straits of water.

Whatever the true explanation of its absence, it is worth while recording the fact that there is a widespread tradition of a large carnivorous animal among the tribes that people the North-West Coast of Borneo. Without paying any special attention to these stories, I have yet come across them several times. When visiting the Serimbo mountain in Sarawak in 1870 some Land Dyaks voluntarily retailed to me an account of large tigers (harimau) which they had heard described by the old men of their tribe, and in whose existence they themselves firmly believed. The animals, they said, were of great size, having hair a foot in length of a reddish colour striped with black, and they had their lairs in the great caves of the district. This account agreed exactly with another which I had heard from the Balan Dyaks (Sea Dyaks) of the Semunjan river, who declared that a pair of these animals haunted a cave in the Pupok hill. Subsequently I again heard these Pupok tigers spoken of by another party of the same Dyaks, who lived close to the hill. (vol. ii., p. 107), when travelling among the Muruts of the Linbang river, met with a similar story of large tigers inhabiting caves, which he gives at length, and adds the remark, "it is worth noticing that the Muruts of Padas have a great dread of ascending


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 Reiberg, according to Heli's directions;—and now, gentlemen, this is all I know of the business; the Turk persists in his story, and the affair must be investigated by those in power."

"When the man concluded his account," said Reiberg, "I asked to speak with Heli, but I was refused; we then demanded to be conducted to the magistrate, which was complied with; and on coming before him, and declaring our names, he permitted us to depart at liberty, as no particular charge had appeared against the Count or myself. All this business occasioned our late return, but we little thought the order for Ferdinand's arrest had been so speedily issued and executed; and now, dear Sir, what can be done?"

"Nothing can be done this night," replied the Baron.—"Early in the morning I will attend the magistrate myself.—At any rate, the Count's testimony and mine will procure his liberty, on our parole of honour, I should suppose."


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 to the summit of some of their highest mountains, on account of the tigers which still, they say, lurk in the deepest recesses of the forest." Afterwards he again met with the same tradition among the Linbang Muruts, but in a different locality, where two rocks about thirty feet apart were known among the people as the "Tiger's Leap." says that he had heard of the existence of tigers on the North-East Coast also, but gives no reference.

In the year 1869, I happened to be staying at the village of the Singgi Dyaks in Sarawak, and there I lit upon a veritable tiger's skull preserved in one of the head-houses (pañggah). It was kept with other skulls of tree-tiger, bear, muntjac-deer, &c., in certain very ancient sacred dishes placed among the beans of the roof and just over the fire-place. It was so browned and discoloured by soot and dirt, and the Dyaks were so averse to my touching it, that I was unable to decide whether it was a fossil or a recent skull. All inquiries as to when it had been obtained met with the discouraging response: "It came to us in a dream,"—and they had possessed it so long that the people could not recall the time when it first came into the hands of the tribe. The dish on which it lay was of a boat-like form, and was of camphor-wood and quite rotten. The skull was $13 1⁄3$ inches long by $9 1⁄3$ inches in breadth, measured across the jugal arches. The lower jaw and all the teeth were wanting. The large sockets for the teeth, the strong bony occipital crest, and the widely-arched sygomatic [sic] bones indicated that the animal, to which the skull belonged, had been one of mature growth. On a second visit I made an attempt to purchase it, but the people were so horrified at the idea of its removal, that I reluctantly desisted. The chief of the village declared that, in consequence of my having moved the skull on my last visit, the Dyaks had been afflicted by heavy rains, which had damaged their farms; that once, when a Dyak accidentally broke a piece of the bone, he had been at once struck dead with lightning that its removal would bring about the death of all the Siñgghi Dyaks, and so forth. Afterwards the Rajah of Sarawak kindly endeavoured to persuade the Dyaks to part with it to him;


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 but they begged that he would demand anything rather than this skull, and he therefore did not push the request.

Thus we have in North-West Borneo a tradition of the existence of the tiger common to several widely-separated and very distinct tribes, and we have this skull preserved with so much vencration at Siñgghi. Now, if this skull were proved to be in a fossil condition, there would be little difficulty in accepting Mr. suggestion that the animal in question once had its place in the Bornean fauna and has recently become extinct. But until such proof is obtained, it is equally possible that the skull was brought from Java and made an heirloom of (as is the Dyak custom), at the time when western Borneo was subject to Majapait, when the intercourse of the Dyaks with Java seems to have been both frequent and considerable. And in this case, the traditions above noted might be explained as having been derived either from the report of tigers seen in Java and the Peninsula by natives of Borneo casually visiting those districts in comparatively recent times; or as handed down from the original colonists of Malayan stock who peopled the North-West Coast and to whom the animal would have been familiar.

Since writing the above, I find that, in his account of the Kayans of the Rejang river ( Journal, 1849), states that these people have a proper name for the tiger, which animal they describe as being of large size, and which they persist in saying does exist in several districts of the interior.


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 "That villainous Turk can only be actuated by malice," said the Count; "for he well knows the innocence of my friend.—What share Fatima had in the business, I know not; but I believe that Count Wolfran came there to seek for the lady, and not to rob the house.—I only fear it will be difficult to investigate the truth, for want of evidence; but to-morrow I shall most certainly apply to the Emperor himself to prove the rank of Ferdinand, and then I hope we shall soon confound his accusers."

Ferdinand was conducted to a prison; but he was treated with gentleness, and had (for a prison) tolerable accommodations. He was not without very unpleasant reflections; no letters had arrived from his friends, which involved him in doubts and anxiety for his son, Claudina, and his brother.—By his imprudence, in acknowledging his connexion with the worthless Fatima, he had brought on himself his present disagreeable situation: Then he considered, that if the affair was prosecuted on Heli's testimony against him,


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 he should be compelled to make his father's weakness known, and the attendant circumstances.

He then reverted to the story of Louisa. Miss d'Allenberg's situation gave him the most poignant concern; a young woman so respectable, so charming, a victim to a hopeless passion; who could the object be? that her heart was free, when she consented to marry Count Wolfran, was a certainty avowed by herself. He then recollected every little circumstance of her behaviour, when Count M and himself were on a visit to her father. Her politeness and attention then appeared to be equally divided, but now, on a review of every thing, Ferdinand remembered the Count had much the greater share of her notice. She talked mostly to him; she leant on his arm in the garden;—and on the day of their departure, he had observed in taking leave, she fixed her eyes on the Count as she spoke.

"Yes," said he, on recapitulating those trifling circumstances.—"Yes, I am con-


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 vinced the Count has been so happy to touch that heart so good, so amiable; he is unconscious of the distress he has given birth to, and his situation will, from honour and delicacy, ever preclude him the unspeakable delight of restoring her mind to peace."

What a fatality, thought he, that so lovely a woman should have placed her affections so unhappily; never shall I forgive myself for that unfortunate introduction to her acquaintance. The more he reflected, the more he was convinced the Count was the object that had produced the lamentable change in this amiable young lady.

Our confession at parting, that we were "married, and unfortunate," her father doubtless repeated, and from thence originated the melancholy that oppressed the daughter. He sighed heavily for her disappointment, and scarcely thought life worth preserving, when subject to such various events, productive of certain misery.

"Did not my child exist," exclaimed he in a fit of despondency; "did I not feel, that


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 I owe to him a duty I cannot delegate to another, that of superintending his conduct, and directing his mind as he advances in years; instructing him to guard against the impetuosity of youthful passions; a too easy confidence in the seeming integrity of plausible appearances, and from the example of his unhappy father, see those precepts illustrated; example, which speaks more forcibly to an inexperienced mind than the most elaborate reasoning adduced from theory only. Yes, for his sake, I must endeavour to retain my existence, that my follies may not spread wider in the conduct of my child."

"Under the oppressive recollection of former scenes, and doubtful anxiety for the future, poor Ferdinand passed a wretched night; nor were his friends much easier.—Count M, whose affection for him was truly fraternal, lamented, that it was in consequence of his advice they had remained in Vienna 'till the return of their letters.Whatever unpleasant consequences might have attended their sudden appearance, they


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 could not have been productive of such vexatious circumstances as had now happened, he thought. Yet, then, what might have become of the poor Louisa? How would young Reiberg have acquired that promise of returning tranquillity, if the events that had taken place at Heli's had remained unknown? Those questions again reconciled him to a degree of comparative ease, to think less of the blame he had attached to himself, and to trust in Heaven for the protection of his friend, and their deliverance from the malicious accusations of Heli.

The next morning, at the instant when the Count, Baron Reiberg and his son, were preparing to wait on the magistrate, and from thence, if they found it necessary, to address the Emperor; the long-expected letters arrived from Suabia. The Count received one from his steward, very much to his satisfaction; the good Duclos being overjoyed at the restoration of his master from death to life, particularly as he had applied to the Duke of Wirtemberg, and obtained leave to


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 keep possession of the estates for six months, or until a certainty of his master's fate within that period should arrive. This prudent proceeding had saved much trouble.

The next letter was from Eugenia, and written in a style of such content, and calm resignation, that although she expressed an infinity of satisfaction from the receipt of his letter, yet that satisfaction seemed more like the affectionate joy of a sister, than the transports of a wife: Her expressions were kind, but guarded; her congratulations were warm, but not rapturous; in short, it was such a letter as a sister might write to a beloved brother; not one word reverted to past scenes; not a line of regret for their separation. She told him, "she was more than tranquil; she was happy: That the tender interest she must ever feel for the state of his mind, was the only cloud that hung over her, otherwise, perfect content; and as she had but little doubt of the good effects of time, of the cares of friendship, and of the advantages resulting from employment and


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 amusements, she hoped that cloud would soon be brushed away to their mutual satisfaction."

The perusal of this letter at first rather displeased Count M; but at the second reading, he was more just; it was selfish to feel discontent, because religion and good sense had tranquillized her mind, and that the situation she had chosen from the purest motives should have realized her expectations and wishes: Did he not wish her happy, after the years of misery she had struggled with; and was not her conduct truly laudable and praise-worthy? Those reflections recalled him from his temporary displeasure, and rendered the sentiment she expressed more estimable in his eyes, from the very circumstances that first offended him.

She did not mention the Countess in her letter, and therefore it was uncertain if she remained in that convent, or had changed her residence.

The Count, having examined the contents of his own letters, saw there were two also


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 for Ferdinand, one with a black seal. As he was not acquainted with the writing, he could not have an idea from what quarter it came. At first he proposed taking the letters to him; but after a little deliberation, it was settled that young Reiberg should visit him with the letters, whilst the Count and the Baron pursued their first intention of exerting all their joint interest to procure an order for the release of Ferdinand.


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Tales from Tolstoi

Efim lay down to sleep, and a temptation fell upon him. "They did not filch any money from the pilgrim," thought he, "for surely he has none. He never gave anything anywhere. He told me to offer things, but gave nothing himself, and even borrowed a rouble or two from me."

Thus thought Efim, and then he began to reproach himself: "What," said he, "I judge this man! 'tis a sin. I won't think so."

But no sooner did he try to forget than it again occurred to him how the pilgrim was always eager after money, and how improbable it was that anyone could have filched his purse. And he never had any money, he thought. 'Twas a mere excuse.

In the morning they got up and went to early mass in the great Church of the Resurrection, to the Sepulchre of the Lord. The pilgrim never quitted Efim, but went with him everywhere. They came to the church. There was no end of people there—pious foreign pilgrims, and Russians, and all nations—Greeks and Armenians, and Turks and Syrians. Efim went to the holy gate with the people, passed by the Turkish guard in the place where the Saviour had been taken down from the cross and anointed, and where the great nine-branched candlestick was burning. Here Efim offered a. candle. Then the stranger-pilgrim took Efim by the right hand and led him up the steps to Golgotha, to the place where the cross had stood, and here Efim prayed. Then they 186


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CHAP. I

young Baron Reiberg was admitted without any difficulty to see Ferdinand, but he was excessively shocked on entering the wretched hole of his confinement, though informed it was one of the best rooms in the prison. "One of the best" could not reconcile it to his feelings, and when he embraced the prisoner, his emotions were very visible.


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Rh

AME Richesse stood by Beauty’s side,

Haughty of mien, and puffed with pride,

Rude arrogance and self-esteem.

Right rash and hardy should I deem

The man who hindrance dared to throw

Across her path, for well doth know

Richesse her foes to spoil and spill,

But honours those who do her will.

Neither to-day nor yesterday

’Twas learned that rich folk, have their way,

And oftentimes misuse their power

To raise men up in one short hour

To great estate, or make them fall

To misery dire. Both great and small

To Dame Richesse full deference give,

For ‘neath her rule men love to live,

And serving her will gladly die,

Proud to have worn her livery;

Yet not because they hold her dear,

And love her, but for craven fear.

Mockers and flatterers much abound

Within her courts, and there are found

Traitors and envious folk who try

To do those good men injury


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Rh showed Efim the hole where the earth had yawned open, right down to the abyss, and after that they showed him the place where they had nailed the hands and feet of Christ to the cross; then they showed him the grave of Adam, where the blood of Christ had trickled down upon his bones. After that they went to the stone where Christ had sat down when they put upon His head the crown of thorns; and then to the pillar to which they had tied Christ when they scourged Him. Then Efim saw the stone with the two holes for the feet of Christ. They wanted to show some other things also, but the crowd was in too much of a hurry to look at them, and they all hastened away to the cave of the Sepulchre of the Lord. The pilgrim hastened thither. The foreign mass was just over, and the orthodox mass began. Efim went with the people to the cave.

He wanted to get away from the pilgrim; in thought he kept on sinning against the pilgrim all along, but the pilgrim would not leave him, but went along with him to the mass and to the Sepulchre of the Lord. They wanted to get nearer, but they could not get nearer. There was such a crush of people that they could move neither backwards nor forwards. Efim stood looking in front of him and praying, but it was of no use. Again he felt himself to see if he still had his purse. Two thoughts constantly worried him: "Had the pilgrim deceived him, or had he not deceived him? And if his (the pilgrim's) money had been stolen from him, mightn't the same thing happen to Efim himself too?" 187


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Tales from Tolstoi

There stood Efim, praying and looking straight in front of him into the chapel where was the very Sepulchre, and above the Sepulchre burned thirty-six lamps. There stood and looked Efim, when through his head flashed the thought, "What wonder is this?" Beneath the very lamps, in front of them all, stood an old pilgrim in a coarse cotton kaftan, and he had a shining baldness all over his head, just like Ehsyei Bodrov. Tis much like Elisyei," he thought; "but it cannot be he. He could not have arrived here before me. Another ship does not follow us for a whole week. He could not have come on so quickly, and he was not in our ship. I saw all the pilgrims."

While Efim was thinking thus the old pilgrim began to pray, and he bowed low three times; first he bowed before God, and then he bowed to the orthodox worshippers on both sides of him. And when the old man turned his head to the right, Efim recognised him at once.

Tis he, indeed, Bodrov; his beard is blackish and curly, and a little greyish on the tips of the whiskers. And the brows, and the eyes, and the nose—all the features are his. It is Elisyei Bodrov's very self."

Efim rejoiced that his comrade had come, and marvelled how Elisyei could have got there before him.

"Ah, Bodrov must have crept through somehow: he must have fallen in with some man who showed 188


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36

Whose worth deserveth laud and praise.

Chiefest among their devious ways

Is this—with false viled tongue to speak

’Fore men on whom they long to wreak

Their vengeance, but their poisonous clacks

Sound loudly when they turn their backs,

For noblest men would they abase,

To miscreants giving power and place.

Disloyal, they all loyalty

Treat with contempt and acorn, but vie

In persecuting good men, while

They laud the vilest of the vile,

And many an upright man one sees

Forth driven from courts by perfidies,

But may these envious flatterers be

By God brought down to misery.

Alas! that e’er such folk were born!

Their ways and works all good men scorn.

A purple robe did Richesse wear,

Than which, ’fore heaven and earth I swear,

Fearless to be convict of lie,

None e’er was wrought more daintily;

The purple broidered with great store

Of orfreys, rich with golden ore.

With forms of mighty men it shone

Renowned in ages past and gone,

Great dukes and kings, and such as be

Writ large in ancient history.

The golden band around her neck

Did many an orlèd shield bedeck,

Silver, on ruddy gold annealed,

Illumined each bright quartered shield;


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Rh him the way. When we get out I'll meet him. I'll throw over my pilgrim, and will go with him, although he did slip on before me."

And Efim kept good watch lest Elisyei should escape him. And now the mass was over, and the people began to move; they went forward to kiss the cross, there was a press and a throng, they came in the direction of Efim. Again a terror fell upon him lest they should filch his purse. Efim clasped his purse tightly in his hand, and began to force his way through the crowd so that he might get outside. He got outside, and went and went, and sought and sought for Elisyei, and he went right out of the church, and yet he did not meet him. After service Efim went also to seek Elisyei in the lodging-places of the town; he went everywhere, and found him nowhere! That evening the pilgrim also did not appear. He vanished without paying his rouble. Efim remained quite alone.

Next day Efim again went to the Sepulchre of the Lord with the old pilgrim from Tambov by whom he had sat on the ship. He wanted to get well in front, but again he was jostled aside, so he stood beside a pillar and prayed. Again he looked in front of him—and again, under the lamps, at the very Sepulchre of the Lord, stood Elisyei in his former place, with his hands folded like a priest at the altar, and his baldness shone over his whole head. "Now," thought Efim, "now I'll not lose him." He began to push his way to the front. He pushed his way right up; and there was no Elisyei. He had evidently gone.

And on the third day Efim again went to the mass 189


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Tales from Tolstoi to look out again: in the selfsame place stands Elisyei, in the same shape, with hands folded and uplifted glance, as if he were looking at something above him. And his baldness lighted up his whole head.

"Well," thought Efim, "now I really will not lose sight of him. I will go and stand at the entrance. There he cannot escape me."

So Efim went out, and stood and stood, and all the people passed out; and there was no Elisyei.

Efim remained six weeks in Jerusalem, and went everywhere—to Bethlehem, to Bethany, to Jordan; and on a new shirt he bought he had a seal impressed at the Sepulchre of the Lord, and in that shirt he meant to be buried; and he took water from the Jordan in a flask, and he took earth, and a candle from the holy place, and spent all his money, save only so much as might take him home; and Efim went back home. He came to Jaffa, went on board ship, sailed to Odessa, and set off home on foot.

Efim went all alone on that journey. He began to draw near to home, and again doubt befell him how they had been living without him.

"In a year," thought he, "a lot of water flows away. It takes a whole age to make a home, but to destroy a home does not take very long. How had his son managed things during his absence, how had the spring sowing been managed, how had the cattle weathered the winter: had they repaired the hut?"

Efim arrived at the place where he had parted from 190


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Executive Order 9742

, June 25, 1946.

title: Executive Order 9742


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 English Tombs and Monuments in Bencoolen.

By C. J. BROOKS.

(WitsWith [sic] three plates).

Bencoolen, as an early English settlement in the East, may lay claim to more than passing interest from the historian of English pioneer colonisation, and to the naturalist, as a centre where early researches were made, in a country of which the fauna and flora are but still incompletely known, and whose vast forests are yet unexplored.

It was in connection with the latter that the writer's atten- tion was drawn to the old English tombs in Bencoolen while seeking the burial place of Joseph Arnold, the discoverer of the Rafflesia, and that of William Jack, the author of Malayan Miscellanies, both were presumably buried there. Neither can be located, possibly they are among the majority whose tombs bear no inscription, together with Sir T. S. Raffles' son and Capt. Auber, both men- tioned in Jack's letters to Wallich as dying during this period in Bencoolen, while that of Ju. Lancaster, Surgeon, is in evidence.

They may however rest in some forgotten spot, perhaps ad- joining the old Residency, where ever it was, for interments were not confined to the burial ground, although in existence at the time, and the earliest inscribed grave bears the date 1775, but are somewhat scattered at least those of the governing class. For instance Capt. Hamilton's tomb is even now on the outskirts of the town while others are in Fort Marlboro, and the site of Governor Watts' is unknown.

In this record it has been assumed that old tombs bearing no inscription belong to the period under consideration, at the same. time it must be admitted there is little justification for doing so; in either case it is difficult to understand why so many tombs bear no inscription, 46 in a total of 73. In nearly every instance a recess exists for the insertion of a tablet, possibly some have been stolen, but in many cases the sides are so smooth that it is unlikely one was ever inserted.

Magnificent casuarinas and crotons give a picturesque effect, and lend a solemn shade during the hot hours of the day. The tombs are well tended as far as the removal of vegetation and whitewash- ing is concerned, many show large cracks in the masonry probably


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 due to earthquake. It is still the burial place of Benkoelen, but in the accompanying plan only the locations of the English tombs are indicated, with a few exceptions which are not mentioned in the text.

The author's thanks are due to Mr. Westenek, the Resident of Benkoelen, Mr. van den Horst, and Mr. P. Jansen, T. Pzn., for assistance in compiling these notes.

To the right on entering the barbican and below the barbette, are three altar tombs, side by side, each surmounted by a massive slate slab. The inscriptions are now illegible with the exception of the names and a few words in No. 1 and 2, and entirely in the case of No. 3.

No. 1 (Near the barbette)
 * Charles Murray Esq.
 * Assist. Residt. Ft. Marlboro., 1807.

 * 2 Thomas Parr Esq.

The inscriptions are long and both terminate with the name of Lord Minto. In one case it seems that it was erected to his order, this would then follow for the other.

This handsome monument, a well proportioned domed pavilion. stands by itself in a small grass square in the busiest part of the town, at the top of the main Pasar adjoining the recreation ground.

There is no inscription indicating the purpose for which it was erected, and at the present time the inhabitants both European and Native are almost entirely ignorant of its origin.

Resident Parr was murdered by the natives in 1805.

The condition of affairs preceding the tragedy, and later the revenge taken by the Government on the natives is described in Nahuy's Letters, and Lady Raffles's Memoir, (vide, Onze Indische Financien, by E. de Waal, p. 8 & 9.) of which the following is a brief summary:—

The business of the East India Company was essentially in pepper, and to insure the largest profits against the lowest prices only elementary agreements were made with the head. natives.

The Governor and other functionaries were allowed to trade on their own account, especially in the importation of opium and piece goods to Java.

The total trade of the port at this time was worth about £100,000 per annum, while the Company's trade in pepper was declining, they—the Company—decided to economise.


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Rh Elisyei the year before. He could scarcely recognise the people. Where last year the people had been poor and needy, they now lived in plenty. The fruits of the earth had prospered. The people had righted themselves, and forgot their former distress. 'Twas eventide when Efim thus got to the place where, the year before, Elisyei had stopped. No sooner had he entered the village than out of a hut sprang a little girl in a white chemise.

"Grandad, little grandad, come in to us."

Efim would have gone on, but the little girl wouldn't let him, but took him by the lappet of his coat and drew him into the hut, laughing all the while.

Out upon the balcony came a woman with a little child, she too beckoned with her hand, "Come in, pray, dear little grandad, and have a little supper with us—aye, and pass the night."

Efim followed her. "A good opportunity to ask about Elisyei," thought he: "was it not to this selfsame hut he went to ask for a drink of water?"

Efim went in, the woman took his knapsack from him, gave him water to wash with, and a chair to sit upon. She brought him milk, dumplings, meal broth, and placed them on the table. Tarasuich thanked her, and praised the people for showing hospitality to pilgrims.

The woman shook her head. "How can we help receiving pilgrims?" said she. "We owe our life to a pilgrim. We lived once and forgot God, and God chastened us with dire need, even unto starvation. By the summer things had come to such a pass that here we all lay on our backs—ill, and with naught 191


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 Plate IV, 1918.


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Tales from Tolstoi to eat. And we should have died had not God sent unto us a pilgrim like unto thee. He came amongst us for a drink of water, and he saw us, had compassion upon us, and stayed among us. And he gave us meat and drink, and set us on our feet, and redeemed our land, and bought us a horse and a cart, and threw away his money upon us."

An old woman came into the hut and interrupted the discourse of the other woman.

"And we don't know," said she, "whether he was a man or an angel of God's. He loved us all, he had compassion on us all, and he went away without saying a word, and we know not for whom to pray God. I can see it all before me now. There I lie and await death. I look up, and in comes the old pilgrim, so plain and simple-like, and baldish too, to ask for a drink of water. And I, sinful woman, fell a-thinking: 'What vagabond is this then?' And look now what he did for us. No sooner did he see us than down came his knapsack, and he goes and puts it down there, and unties it."

The little girl then came in. "No, granny," said she, "first of all he placed his knapsack right in the middle of the room here, and then he put it on the bench."

And they all began to dispute among themselves, and everyone remembered all about his words and deeds and movements, and where he sat, and where he slept, and what he did, and what he said to each.

At nightfall the peasant-proprietor arrived behind his horses, and he too began to speak about Elisyei, and how he had lived with them. 192


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 "Oh," breathed Eepersip, "the little sister. I want her, I want her!" Entranced, Eepersip watched, sitting in a crotch just outside the windowwatched her as she lay there, tracing with her finger the curving patterns on her wall-paper; as she played her hands in the moonlight and the waving shadows on her wall. And after a while the humming died away, the finger ceased to stroke the wall, her eyes closed, and in a moment she was gently sleeping. Before Eepersip went down she left a fair sprig of apple-blossoms on Fleuriss's bedapple-blossoms that, with difficulty, she had brought up the tree. When she went back to her lilac-bush she imagined Fleuriss's surprise, when she should wake, to see them on her bed; imagined Fleuriss following her, all fascinated by butterflies and sweet flowers; imagined her little sister climbing mountains with her, eating berries and roots, swimming and diving and dancing; andHer thoughts began to grow more and more fantastic the smell of lilacs intoxicated herand she went to sleep.

In the morning she climbed the tree again. Fleuriss was just waking. Her eyes were turned

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 In 1801 under the Governor-General Lord Wellesley a commissioner was sent from the High Court of Bengal to Bencoolen with authority to suspend the Governor and his two councillors and reduce the number of functionaries, prohibit private trading, and reduce the Settlement to a dependency of Bengal.

It appears that the commission was executed in a tactless. The garrison of Fort Marlboro was assembled in arms and the commission read in public.

A considerable outcry resulted from this insult, some of the dismissed received compensation, while others were dis- missed without pay and being bound to the place became im- poverished. These conditions caused great discontent which was increased among the natives by the action of Resident Parr, who was sent from Bengal to succeed the late Governor.

He proceeded to reform the native administration of justice without consulting the native chiefs, assuming a despotic power over them. To the cultivation of pepper he added coffee and made both compulsory.

Moreover being used in his former position in Bengal to absolute obedience he personally insulted many of the most important natives.

Before long a conspiracy against his life was deliberated, this was known but Parr although warned would pay no attention.

On a determined night his house at Mt. Felix—some three miles south of the Fort—was attacked by a band of natives. who overpowered the guard, then entered the room where Parr lay ill and decapitated him, in an attempt to defend him his wife and secretary Murray were wounded, but no attempt was made on their lives nor on the lives of other inhabitants of Bencoolen.

The attack was a personal matter.

The action of the Government relative to this is described in Lady Raffles's Memoir:—

The measures that followed were of a doubtful cast.

As soon as it was discovered that the designs of the people were confined to the assasinationassassination [sic], and not directed against the settlement generally, search was made for the perpetrators of the act. Rewards were offered for the apprehension, alive or dead, of the assassins.

It was thought unsafe to touch the chiefs. Several of the people were blown from the mouths of guns. As the danger diminished, the spirit of indignation and revenge seem- ed to have increased. An order was given to burn and destroy every village within a certain distance, and the work of


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 was carried on as if it where intended to place the future security of the settlement in surrounding it with a desert. The fruit-trees, venerable by their age, that surround a Malay village, are the protecting deities of the place, and are regarded with reverence and respect; Their destruction is looked upon as little less than sacrilege; Yet the axe was laid to their roots, and what ever could shelter or protection was levelled with the ground, and the whole population of the suspected villages turned loose upon the country.

To retain this in the memory of the people a handsome monument was erected by the natives to the order of the Government, in honor of Parr.

It serves now as an ornament to the town, and a very suitable shelter to President Watts tombstone, the original site of this stone is now unknown. It leans against the inner wall, a massive granite slab, artistically inscribed as follows:

 * Richard Watts Esq.

 * Sometime of Council for the Rt. Honble Compas Affairs in Fort St. George.

And in the year 1699 came over Deputy Governor of this Place.

And in about three years after made by Commission from the Company the first President of this Coast.

 * In which station he departed this life December 17, 1705.

 * And in the 44 year of his age.

This stands in the junction of three roads, some little distance south of the town, and at the end of the Pasar Baroe Road.

A slate tablet bears the following inscription:— Underneath this obelisk are interedinterred [sic] the Remains of Capt. Robert Hamilton.

Who died on the 15th Dec., 1793. At the age of 38 years.

In command of the troops and second member of the Government.

The numbers are those recorded in the Government register and plan, only those of English or early origin are mentioned int this record: All have monuments.


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Rh "If he had not come to us," said he, "we should all have died in our sins. We should have died in despair, cursing God and all men. And he put us on our legs again, and through him we learnt to know God, and believe in good people. Christ save him! We lived like cattle before, he made us men."

The people gave Efim to eat and to drink, then gave him a bed, and laid down to sleep themselves.

Efim lay down, but he did not sleep; he could not get Elisyei out of his head: Elisyei, just as he had seen him thrice at Jerusalem in the foremost place.

"There he was," thought he, "and he got there before me. I took no end of trouble upon myself, but God took him."

In the morning the people bade Efim God-speed! loaded him with pasties for his journey, and went to work; and Efim went on his way.

After exactly a year Efim arrived. He returned home in the spring.

He got home in the evening. His son was not at home, he was in the pot-house. The son came home a little tipsy, and Efim began to question him. Efim saw that in his absence his son had made a mess of everything. He had spent all the money like a fool, and had neglected all business. The father began to reproach him. The son began to be rude and saucy.

"You went to kick up your heels," said he, "and 193


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Tales from Tolstoi went off for your pleasure, and took all the money with you, and now you begin to cross-question me!"

The old man was angry. He struck his son.

Next morning Efim Tarasuich went to the starosta to report himself; he passed by Elisyei's farm. Elisyei's old woman was standing on the balcony—they exchanged greetings.

"Is it well with thee, cousin?" said she, "hast thou returned in health, dear house-swallow?"

Efim Tarasuich stopped. "Thank God," said he, "I have returned in safety. I lost thy old man on the way, but they tell me he has returned home."

The old woman began to talk, she dearly loved a gossip.

"Our bread-winner has returned," she said, "he returned long ago. Soon after the Assumption he returned, and glad were we that God brought him back. We were so anxious about him. Work indeed, he can do no more; his working days are over, but he has always got a head upon his shoulders, and it is ever so much merrier at home when he is there. And our lad there, how glad he was! 'Without him,' said he, 'it is as though there was no light in one's eyes.' It is dull with us without him, and miserable. How we missed the darling!"

"Say, is he at home now?"

"He is at home amongst his hives. He is hiving his bees. He has got some fine swarms, I can tell you. God has given such vigour to his bees that the old man does not remember the like of it. God gives us more than our merits deserve, he says. Go and see him, and right glad will he be." 194


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Rh Efim went through the barn, through the gate, to the hives of Elisyei. He went up to the bee-hives to see, and there stood Elisyei, without a net, without gloves, in a grey kaftan, beneath a young birch-tree. He was extending his hands and looking upwards, and his baldness shone over his whole head, just as he had stood in Jerusalem at the Sepulchre of the Lord; and above him, as at Jerusalem, through the birch-trees, like fire that burns, played the sun, and around his head the golden bees circled in swarms like an aureola, and lit upon him without hurting him. Efim stood still.

Elisyei's old woman called to her husband: "Our cousin has come," said she.

Elisyei looked around, and was glad, went to meet his neighbour, and gently stroked a bee out of his beard.

"Health to thee, neighbour; health, dear soul. Didst thou reach thy goal?"

"My feet did indeed get thither, and I have brought thee a little water from the Jordan—but whether God has accepted my offering"

"Now glory to God! Lord and Christ be praised that we have thee back!"

Then Efim was silent for a time.

"My feet were indeed there," he resumed, "but whether my spirit was there, or rather the spirit of another"

"That's God's business, neighbour, God's business."

"On my return journey I looked in at the hut where you stayed."

Elisyei was frightened and embarrassed. "God's 195


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Tales from Tolstoi work, neighbour, God's work. Come into my hut for a bit, and I'll give you a little honey."

And Elisyei changed the conversation, and spoke of home affairs.

Efim sighed, and no longer reminded Elisyei of the people in that hut, and told him not how he had seen him at Jerusalem. But this one thing he now understood: it is the will of God that everyone here below should work off his debt of sin by love and good works. 196


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 WHAT MEN LIVE BY.

with his wife and children, once lodged at a muzhik's. He had neither house nor land of his own, and he supported himself and his family by his cobbling. Bread was dear, and work cheap; and what he made by work went in food. The cobbler and his wife had one fur pelisse between them, and that was falling into rags, and in the second year the cobbler resolved to buy a sheep-skin by way of a new pelisse.

By the autumn the cobbler had got together a little money; three paper roubles lay in his old woman's coffer, and besides that there were five roubles twenty-five kopecks due from the muzhiks in the village.

And in the morning the cobbler got him ready to go to the village for his sheep-skin. He put on over his shirt his wadding jacket, which his old woman 197


text: Tales from Tolstoi/Two Old Men

title: Tales from Tolstoi/Two Old Men


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 {|
 * style="vertical-align:text-top;" | 17 || No inscription.
 * style="vertical-align:text-top;" | 19 ||
 * style="vertical-align:text-top;" | 20 ||
 * style="vertical-align:text-top;" | 21 ||
 * style="vertical-align:text-top;" | 22 ||
 * style="vertical-align:text-top;" | 23
 * Robt. Bogle Esq.
 * 26th Sept. 1848
 * style="vertical-align:text-top;" | 22 ||
 * style="vertical-align:text-top;" | 23
 * Robt. Bogle Esq.
 * 26th Sept. 1848
 * Robt. Bogle Esq.
 * 26th Sept. 1848

 * style="vertical-align:text-top;" | 24
 * J. V. L. E. Bogle
 * 9th Dec. 1814
 * 9th Dec. 1814

 * style="vertical-align:text-top;" | 25
 * Harriet. A. Hay
 * 27th Dec. 1836, Age 26 Years
 * Eldest daughter of Bogle Esq.
 * Called not away when time had loosed each hold
 * On the fond heart, and each desire grown cold,
 * But when to all that knits us to our kind
 * She felt fast bound as love alone can bind.
 * She felt fast bound as love alone can bind.

 * style="vertical-align:text-top;" | 27 || No inscription
 * style="vertical-align:text-top;" | 28
 * Ch. R. Ramus
 * 14 March 1808, Age 1 year 11 months
 * Ch. R. Ramus
 * 14 March 1808, Age 1 year 11 months

 * style="vertical-align:text-top;" | 31
 * Alex Monteath
 * Surgeon in the Hon. Comp. Civil Service
 * 9 July 1798.
 * (A large square tomb)
 * (A large square tomb)

 * style="vertical-align:text-top;" | 36 || No inscription.
 * style="vertical-align:text-top;" | 45
 * style="vertical-align:text-top;" | 46
 * style="vertical-align:text-top;" | 47
 * style="vertical-align:text-top;" | 50
 * Stokeham Douston Esq.
 * Who departed this life at Marlboro'
 * 2 April 1775, Age 41
 * (A granite head stone in excellent condition)
 * style="vertical-align:text-top;" | 50
 * Stokeham Douston Esq.
 * Who departed this life at Marlboro'
 * 2 April 1775, Age 41
 * (A granite head stone in excellent condition)

 * style="vertical-align:text-top;" | 51
 * M. B. Sprentels
 * style="vertical-align:text-top;" | 55
 * Henry. J. Watson
 * Lieut. of the Fort Marlboro' local Corpus and formerly Lieut. of H. M. 87 Regt.
 * 1st Feb. 1824, Age 35
 * Lieut. of the Fort Marlboro' local Corpus and formerly Lieut. of H. M. 87 Regt.
 * 1st Feb. 1824, Age 35

 * style="vertical-align:text-top;" | 56
 * Wm. Holloway
 * Who having served in the Civil Service of the
 * Honbl. United English East India Company on the
 * Island of Sumatra with Honor, Zeal, and Integrity
 * after 22 years of service departed this life at the age
 * of forty.
 * of forty.

 * }


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, the smallest and fleetest and hottest of the planets, shines as a star of the first magnitude. It lies closer to the sun than any other planet, which increases the difficulty of studying it. Most of the time it is either hidden behind the sun or is passing between us and the sun, and the only time when it is observable is when it is to the east or the west of the sun. Indeed it is so often hidden or lost in the brightness of the sun that it is rarely seen except by a professional astronomer.

Like Venus, Mercury is seen first on one side of the sun and then on the other. In the early spring it appears in the west almost invisible in the twilight; in the early autumn, in the east as a morning star just preceding or mingled in the rays of the dawn. It is always seen very close to the eastern or western horizon, never more than two hours before the sun in the morning nor more than two hours after it in the evening.

Because of the great inclination of the orbit of Mercury, it is seen in a transit across the face of the sun not more than thirteen times in a hundred years. This transit may only be seen in a telescope. If it so happens that it travels across the center of the sun, the journey consumes about eight hours, although the little black dot is skimming across the big, bright disk at the rate of 100,000 miles an hour. The next five transits will occur on

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 Foliated Pattern in Malay Carving and Silverwork.

On p. 48 of my paper on "Malay Industries, Part I," "Arts and Crafts" (Kuala Lumpur, 1909), I wrote of Malay repoussé work. "It owes many of its patterns to Indian influence—the conventional lotus flower, the leaf of the sacred fig and so on-but there is not a technical term that is foreign for metal (gold and silver) tool or pattern, so that there would seem to be no reason why it should be inferred to be Indian in origin. Indeed it must be something more than coincidence that foliated pattern of the same chaste restraint and conventional character is the note of Malay wood-carving.”

After a visit last year to the famous Bara-bodor in Java, I am persuaded that it is due to "something more than coincidence" that Malay and Javanese carvings and silverwork have their chaste foliated patterns:—namely, to Indian influence. The foliation carved between the panels illustrating the life of the Buddha on that wonderful memorial is identical with the foliation loved by the Malay craftsman, e.g. the socalled 'pine-apple' or 'side view of the lotus' pattern. This can be seen clearly, too, on some of the picture-postcards sold of the Bara-bodor. It would be interesting to know if there are similar foliated patterns on the ruins of Angkor Wat?


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 November 8th, 1927; May 10th, 1937; November 12th, 1940; May 13th, 1953, and November 6th, 1960.

The eccentricity of the orbit of Mercury is so pronounced that its greatest and least distance from the sun varies nearly 15,000,000 miles. This causes considerable variation in the speed of this planet, for as the sun does not lie in the center of the orbit but at one focus, it is not compelled to go as fast on the far side as on the side nearest to this tremendous mass. Being so close to the great attracting force of the sun, it is however, forced to move faster than any other planet in the solar system in order that the right balance of speed may be obtained to counteract the gravitational pull which would otherwise draw him instantly to the burning surface. Mercury's average rate of speed around its orbit is 35 miles a second. Neptune, seventy-five times as far off, feels so much less this relentless pull that it can roll leisurely along at the comfortable rate of 3.4 miles a second with no fear of being drawn to destruction.

Mercury completes his orbit in 88 days and this is, of course, the length of his year. During this journey he always turns the same face to the sun. The heat on this side must therefore be terrible and the surface unmercifully scorched and possibly cracked. Moreaux, a French astronomer, thinks that it may even be so hot that it has oceans of lead and molten tin. A few features are discernible, and although faint, these features are fixed. The general impression gained is that the tiny planet is barren, rough and mountainous, bleak, seared and desolate, with one side sweltering in terrific heat and the other numbed with dark and cold. Since there is no appreciable atmosphere on Mercury, there must be no wind—no warm currents of air to flow from the hot side to the cold side, nor from the cold side to the hot side,—thus making what is already drear seem motionless and dead.

Yet there is often some alleviating quality to make the drear

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 seem less drear. For instance, a slight exception may be taken to the statement that the day side of Mercury is always day and the night side always night. As an effect of libration, an oscillatory movement of the planet on its axis, there is a strip of ground on either side, where the dark and light hemispheres meet, upon which the sun rises and shines for 44 days and then sets, leaving it in 44 days of darkness. This strip of ground is 23½ angular degrees in breadth and enjoys a true day, although its "day" is as long as its year, and is equal to 88 of our earth-days.

Mercury, Venus, Mars and Jupiter have been known since antiquity but Uranus was the first planet to be discovered with the aid of a telescope. This planet was discovered in 1781 by William Herschel while mapping stars, and the very fact of its existence astounded the world. Because Galileo had named the satellites of Jupiter the Medician Stars after his patron, Herschel wished to name his newly discovered planet Georgium Sidus, in honor of George the Third. But foreign astronomers would not agree to this and until a name was decided upon, called the planet Herschel. Later, the planet was called Uranus after the most ancient of all the deities, and its sign was the sign of the world hung on the initial of Herschel. ♅ In appreciation of the fact that he had discovered a planet, Herschel was made private astronomer to his king and later knighted.

Uranus is the smallest of the major planets and ranks next to the earth in size, which is the largest of the minor planets, yet there is a great difference in the size of these two planets, for the

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