text:
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 MY NEW YEAR’S DREAM.

BY MARY E. CLARK E.

It was midnight, and the last of the old year. All alone in my little room, I listened to the heavy clang of the belle that bade farewell to 1866, to welcome in hie new-born brother. Alone! One year before I had been the centre l of a brilliant party, each and all of whom were drinking a welcome to the New Tear. I was an orphan then, but an heiress and a belle: and having lost my parents in infhnoy, my orphan- hood did not weigh heavily upon me. One month later, my guardian absconded, and it was J found that all my money was gone with him. jj Where he went I know not to this day. I only know he never returned. One by one the gay butterflies of fashion, who had made me their idol, fell away, and I was alone. There was one, one in whose eyes I had fancied I read deep devotion; one whose hand clasped mine with a long, lingering pressure; one whose image nestled close against my heart; one whose large, soft eyes haunted me; one on whose faith I would have staked my life: he too was gone. He was away when the news came to me; I  hoped for a letter, a line to say he was the same as ever. It never came. Crushed, worn out, I left my own home, to be a governess here to  Mrs. Morton’s lovely daughter. She was as old os myself, but my music and languages were farther advanced, and I came to teach her what I knew of these.

The lost stroke of the bells died away, and all was silent. Mr. and Mrs. Morton, Lucy and her brother, were all at a gay party, such a one as welcomed me one year before. Even the ser- vants were out, and I was entirely alone.

A heavy weight seemed crushing me to the earth, and I longed with bitter, intense longing for one voice to wish me joy on the New Year, one hand to press mine in love and sympathy. There was none! Sadly I looked forward through years to come. Nothing could I see but toil and loneliness. “Oh!” I cried, “that I could die with the eld year!”

“Peace!” said a low voice beside me, “rather wish to begin a new life with the New Year.” I started up and looked about me. All was dark.

“Who is there?” I cried.

A flood of light answered my question, and there on the pillow, where my head had pressed. I saw an artificial flower which had fallen from my bonnet, which hung above it In the centra of the flower stood a tiny figure, not higher than my finger, and it spoke to me again.

“Murmurer,” it said, “be still. Our Father commands all things for the best. Think you that you are the most miserable being on earth? Have you not kind friends, a pleasant home, and a salary that covers your expenses! I have the power to Show yon how the New Year opens for my Maker.”

“Your Maker?”

“Yes. I am the spirit enclosed in your new bonnet; come with me!”

Darkness closed around me again, and I found myself in the open air. Literally in the air, for I was sailing along high above the houses. We passed out of the fashionable quarters where Mr. Morton resided, and alighted in a narrow court, where dirt and misery reigned supreme.

My conductor flitted before me, and I followed. Up, up, many flights of stairs we passed, until we reached the attic of a high, narrow house. Here we found two young girls, sewing, while a third counted the contents of a little green purse.

“How much is there, Carrie?” asked one of them, laying down a wreath of tiny flowers she had just twisted into shape.

“Sixteen cents.”

“Five cents a piece, and one over,” said the other, bitterly. “We begin our New Year with brilliant prospects.”

“Hush, sister!” and the one named Carrie pointed to a mattress, upon which lay a woman sleeping.

“What can we do? It is impossible to live in this way.”

A gloomy silence fell on the party.

“Carrie,” said the first speaker, “how much did Mrs. Gray give you for Miss Morton’s bonnet?”

“Twenty-five cents.”

I started. Miss Morton’s bonnet was warranted French, and had oost thirty dollars. “Did you find anything?”

“The materials? No, only the work. It took me two days, the lace required dainty handling. I was paid ten cents for the work in the other.


text:
Page:Travels in West Africa, Congo Français, Corisco and Cameroons (IA travelsinwestafr00kingrich).pdf/789

 Morinda citrifolia, O.

Psychotria sp. O.

Helichrysum Mannii, Hook. f. C.

Helichrysum globosum, Schpr. C.

Senecio Burtoni, Hook. f. C.

Senecio clarenceana, Hook. f. C.

Lactuca capensis, Thunb. O.

Ericinella Mannii, Hook. f. C.

Lippia sp. near L. asperifolia, A. Rich. C.

Stachys? C.

Habenaria, 3 species. C.

Renealmia africana, Benth. C.

Commelinacea sp. O.

Cyperus diffusus, Vahl. O.

Gleichenia dichotoma, Hook. O.

Pteris aquilina, O.

Pteris quadriaurita, Retz. C.

Asplenium Brachypteron, Kze. C.

Nephrodium cicutarium, Baker. C.

Nephrodium Filix mas, Rich? C.

Dalbergia? O.

Usnea barbata, Fr. O.

Usnea barbata, var. O.

Physcia lencomela, Mich. O.

Fasicated stem of Dracanea from Rembwé Swamps.

Trichopteryx near T. elegans.

Trichopteryx flammida, Benth.

Pennisetum setosum, Rich.

Setaria sp. near S. aurea.

Panicum ovalifolium, Beauv.?

Panicum plicatum, Lam.?

Paspalum paniculatum, L.

Sporobolus elongatus, R. Br.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
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 do this thing, but he could not get it a good shape and he said, "Yet the spider gets a shape in his cloth. I will go and ask him again about this thing." And he went to the spider, and took him offering, and said: "Oh, my lord, teach me more things." And he sat and watched him for many days. By and by he saw more (his eyes were opened) and he saw the spider made his net on sticks, and so he went home and got fine bush rope that he had collected, and taken there, to make his game nets with, and he brought them to the bush near the spider, and fixing the strings on to the bush he made a new net and he got shape into it, and he made more nets


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 221

MY

new

YEAR'S

DREAM.

for her companion. Mrs. Gray says we should be thankful for any work."

“God help us!” sobbed the other. “Death is better than this." “Come,” said my guide, “we have one more visit.” Flitting before me, he led me to another house, as poor as the one we had left. Here, as before, we found the occupants busy. It was a small room, and the ﬁre made it close and oppressive, even on the cold January morning.

Round a small table, by the light of a tallow candle, a woman and two children were making artificial flowers. The little boy twisted the vines, the little girl out the leaves, and the mother put them together. All wore sad faces, and the mother's tears fell on the bright leaves. Suddenly throwing down the flowers, she rose and left the room. The children followed, and we too. Up again to a high attic. No ﬁre was in this room, no furniture, except a rude coﬁin, causing an acute pain. I had long thought that in which lay a baby form. Here the mother knelt, moaning, weeping, and calling upon her child to answer her. The children’s caresses were all in vain. Nature must have her way, and the mother, the widow, wept for her baby. My heart grew cold and chill, and I turned from the scene. A voice cried in my ears,

“Asleep, Lizzie? Wake up, and wish me a happy New Year!"

I started up in bed, to see Lucy Morton, in her exquisite ball dress, leaning over me for a kiss.

“Careless girl," she cried, “your head has been crushing one of the ﬂowers which had  dropped from your new bonnet. Happy New  Year! Why don't you say so? You are half  asleep yet, and your eyes are red. You cried  yourself to sleep, Lizzie,” and the round, white arms embraced me; “why will you mourn for was  the past! We all love you; I am sure I do, and  really you are better off than some people."

"Indeed I am!” I said, “and I will begin my New Year with a thankful spirit. thank you." "Why! are you crazy?"

“No; but I have had a dream. Now tell me all about the party.”

"Oh, we had a famous time. Lizzie, there were many inquiries for you. Naughty recluse!  Will you help me to receive my calls tomorrow  morning?" It was an effort to promise to see her gay visitors as the governess, but I made it. I re- ﬂected that I was in a strange city, and would meet only those whom I had seen at Mr. Morton's before, and I promised to go down.

“Mrs. Bates inquired for you. Said she noticed your face at my charade party. Mrs. Ermes said she could never forget your kindness to Laura when she was sick here. I am fairly tired  out with dancing. We had a new lien!”

“Who?”

“The author of Poems by the Road-Side. You remember them? You know brother Fred insisted that you sat for Joanna. It has always been a mystery who wrote them. He preserved bis incognita until to-night* but now stands con- fessed. He is a resident of your city, but intends to pass some months in Hew York. Going  to publish a new book, I believe.”

“Who is he?”

“His name is Walter Haven. You will see him to-morrow, he asked permission to call. One, two, three! Three o'clock, it is bed time. Good night,” and kissing me warmly, she flitted away.

Walter Haven! The noinC fell upon my heart, causing an acute pain. I had long thought that I could bear to hear it, the pain there was so dead and sullen; but I found the old memories called np the old feelings. Walter Haven, who had never spoken of his love, yet left its impress sealed upon my heart. Ah! lips arc not needed to win a maiden's heart. There are looks, there are delicate attentions, kind actions, that will prison it without one word of love passing to her ear. I loved him. Until I was poor I believed he had loved me. “I will not see him,' I thought. Then pride whispered, “Let him see you can meet him calmly, without betraying any more interest than a friend might ask.” There was no more sleep for me. The first morning Of the year found me watching hs dawning.

The calling hour Came. Dressed with care, I was beside Lucy in the parlor. She looked un- usually lovely. A light silk cut so as to leave the snowy shoulders and arms bare, and a cluster of blue ribbons in her fair curls, made a simple but most becoming toilet. Our visitors came in one after another. The parlor was filled with callers, and I stood half concealed by the curtains behind Lucy, watching the animated scene, when

“Good morning, Mr. Haven,” fell upon my ear. I looked. He was bending over her hand, just as one year before he had bent over mine. Meet him calmly! Ah, my traitor heart beat as if it would burst, my whole frame trembled, and  I knew my face was pale. He sat beside her on  the sofa. Mrs. Morton was occupied receiving other calls.

“ Miss Morton, are you tired of hearing happy  New Year yet?”

“Not at all. Some oome in all sincerity, Those I prize.”


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Page:Operation Crossroads 1946.pdf/22

CHAPTER 1

OVERVIEW

INTRODUCTION

After the atomic bomb attacks on Japan had abruptly ended World War II, many military leaders felt that military science was at a crossroads. The officer who commanded the first postwar nuclear test series commented that "warfare, perhaps civilization itself, had been brought to a turning point by this revolutionary weapon" (Reference C.12.1, Cap. Plate XI). With this in mind, he therefore had the nuclear test operation designated CROSSROADS. Operation CROSSROADS was at that time the largest U.S. peacetime military operation ever conducted. It involved 42,000 personnel, 251 ships, and 156 aircraft.

This series consisted of two detonations at Bikini Atoll in the Marshall Islands during the summer of 1946. These were:

 * ABLE (1 July 1946, 0900) -- an airdrop detonated at an altitude of 520 feet (158 meters)

 * BAKER (25 July 1946, 0835) -- an underwater shot 90 feet (27 meters) below the surface

An additional deep underwater detonation, Test CHARLIE, was planned but was not conducted.

This report documents the participation of War and Navy Department personnel who were active in the test series. Its purpose is to bring together available information about the atmospheric nuclear test series pertinent to the exposure of both uniformed and civilian personnel to radiation. The report lists the organization represented and describes their activities. It discusses the potential radiation exposure of personnel. Finally, it presents the exposures of participating personnel recorded by film badges and scientifically based estimates of radiation doses for participating units.

The weapons used used in the CROSSROADS tests were of the same design as the one that had been dropped on Nagasaki, Japan. Each had a yield of 23 KT (the equivalent of 23,000 tons of TNT). This weapon type had been developed by the U.S. Army's Manhattan Engineer District during the war, primarily at the District's laboratory at Los Alamos, New Mexico, with research support from laboratories at the University of Chicago and Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and material production from Hanford, Washington. Under the terms of the Atomic Energy Act of 1946, the Manhattan Engineer District was dissolved at the end

17

title: Page:Operation Crossroads 1946.pdf/22


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 222

THE RESCUE.

“Will you class mine amongst them? This is toy last call to-day, for I have not many lady ] friends in New York, and I will say happy New Year to no one again today. I will giro you the last best wish.”

“Mr. Haven, yon will dine with us today?” said Mrs. Morton, joining them.

“With pleasure, madam,” and he rose to take his leave, having first ascertained their dinner hour.

Oh, that long, long day! Compliments, greet-

ings fell upon my ear: nothing interested me. At last, wearied and sick, I sought my own room, and threw myself upon the bed. Luoy missed me, but pleading a headache, I escaped the din- ner, promising to join her guests in the evening. I stood before my little glass dressing, and a  thrill of vanity passed through me. I saw large, dark eyes, soft brown hair falling in a profusion of curls, a fair, round neck and armB. My dress was simple, a dark-blue silk, but it was becom- ing. I wore no ornaments, no head-dress. As I looked, Lucy’s bright face, the fair curlB crowned with forget-me-nots, appeared beside mine. It was like an angel's face. The vanity fled, and feeling that Mr. Haven had shown good taste at least, I wreathed her waist with my arm, and we  went down stairs. The rooms were filled with guests, and Lucy was soon surrounded by friends. I Btole into a corner and watched them. Walter Haven was the favored one.

“Lizzie, dear, will you play a polka?” said Mrs. Morton. “I did not expect so many guests, and I have not ordered any music.”

“ Certainly,” and in a few moments I was securely hidden in a corner behind the grand piano. They whirled round and round, and I played.- No one missed me; no one thought that I could tire. Fortunately the music was almost mechauic&l. My thoughts were free. Two figures capae to the comer of the piano to rest after the waltz. They were Lucy and Mr. Haven. I turned my head aside and shook down my curls. Wal¬ ter’s back was toward me, but I oould see Lucy's lovely face.

“What a beautiful bracelet,” said Mr. Haven, bending over Luoy's arm.

“ You have only seen half its beauty,” was the reply. “See, when I touch this spring, it shows the face of the giver, Mr. Haven!”

He had grasped her arm tightly, and I trembled violently.

“Forgive me,” he said; “but the giver, tho— oh, Miss Lucy, I have sought her for months. I left home to attend to the publication of my book, and was gone some months. When I returned,

I heard that her guardian had stolen her fortune,. and she was gone away to earn her living. She, bo delicate and tender. Where can I find her?”

My hands fell upon the piano with a grand crash, and he turned. In an instant he stood beside me, while Lucy, dear Lucy, kept away the guests interrupted in their dance.

I left the comer, leaning on his arm, and we waltzed to dear Lucy's music, and nobody no¬ ticed us.

Next day he called, and the New Year that had opened so darkly, ow beamed with bright hopes, and I in a few weeks was Walter Haven’s wife.

THE RESCUE. BY

ELIZABETH The old castle is lonely, Dark and gloomy its halls, Thou‘rt a prisoner only Within its proud walls; Then ﬂy, ludyi fly, o‘er the blue rolling sea, There is freedom beyond its dark billows for thee. 'I‘hy stern father thou knowest Hath sworn by his sword To a cloister than gocst. 0r weddelt his word; Then ﬂy, ladyl ﬂy, o‘er the blue rolling sea, There is freedom beyond its dark billowe for thee. Unworthy young Harry, To call thee his bride, Thou'lt a broken heart carry If chained to his side; Then ﬂy, ladyl ﬂy, o’er the blue rolling sea, Where freedom awaits thee beyond it with me.

Thou knowest I have loved thee, How long and how well, So oft thou hast proved me ’Tvrere needless to tell; Then ﬂy, ladyl ﬂy, o'er the blue rolling son, And be happy beyond its dark billows with me. Bee yonder my vessel Spreads her canvas so white, Within sound of the vessel That frees the to-nlght; Then ﬂy, lady! fly, o‘er the blue rolllng non, 0r thou‘rt lost and forever to freedom and me. Then ere ’til as: late, Down the staircase of stone, Where my bold rowers wait, Let us haste to be gone;

And we’ll ﬂy, lady! fly, o’er the blue rolling sop, No cloilter beyond it shall hide thee from me.


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 LYDIA’S HUSBAND.

BY FRANK LEK BENEDICT.

It wib the night before Lydia Jameson’s wed¬ ding day, and she sat alone in the little chamber which had so long been the sanctuary of her girl¬ ish dreams and fanoies. She was leaning one hand upon the window-sill, looking out into the summer night, very calm and still, though the moonlight showed her cheek pale with the vary¬ ing emotions which troubled her heart, and her eyes had caught a tremulous glitter unlike their usual repose.

Lydia was not beautiful—I arm sorry for it, but she was not—still, no one could have called her plain, and to those who knew her well she was always lovely. Her gentle, reserved man¬ ner betokened a quiet, methodical mind, and Lydia’s nearest friends seldom caught sight of the rapid tide of feelings which flowed beneath that calm exterior. Her schoolmates had com¬ plained that she was “unromanticand when, afterward, they met her in society, quiet as ever, while they had exchanged the harmless folly of school-girl romance for the sentimental¬ ism taught during a course of French novels and a foreign tour, they shook their heads sadly and decided that “she had no soul.”

Lydia had not been abroad. She had never read George Sand, nor been introduced to Alphonse Karr. While her formed companions had enjoyed the charms of such delightful so¬ ciety and literature, been embraced in the polka by half tbe ruined roues of Florence, and acquired “manner” from the titled ladies who frequent the same haunts, poor Lydia had been quietly watching over an invalid aunt, and pursuing a course of study which the aforesaid young females would have pronounced shockingly slow.

No, Lydia Jameson was net romantic; she was perfectly unconscious of possessing an inner nature, and never for a moment dreamed that she was unappreciated. If there were times when those vague yearnings, which every intel¬ lectual nature must feel, stole over her, she strove to forget them in useful occupation rather than to render herself wretched by indulging feelings, which, when restrained, form no unplea¬ sant undercurrent to the human mind, but once allowed a mastery, secure the unhappiness of tbmr possessor and all within the sphere of her influence.

Yet, with all, Lydia Jameson was a wild, en- s thusiastic dreamer, but hers were not the aim- less reveries of youthful folly—they had taken a i high and noble aim—she was an author. Even to her dearest relative Lydia had never confided her secret; and no one about her for an instant suspected it, or thought of attributing to her an anonymous novel, which, only a few months be- i fore, had attracted the attention of the whole literary world.

Now Lydia was to be married, and love, with her, had not been a passion that must inevitably be consumed from its own intensity, but a deep

and lasting sentiment whioh had so blended with her life that it had become a portion of existence itself.

s Every one marveled that Guy Havens, an enthusiastic, impulsive young artist, should have chosen a woman seemingly so unlike himself.

Perhaps it was that very difference which first i attracted him to Lydia, and he unconsciously felt a want of some strong, self-reliant nature upon

[ which to lean; for, with all his talent and enthu¬ siasm, Guy needed to ontlive a thousand fickle¬ nesses and fancies before he would make a proper use of the gifte heaven ha!<i given him, or the full powers of his nature would develop themselves. He was as ignorant of all the prac- tical affairs of life as even a man of genius can well be, and, like the rest of Lydia’s friends, was s occasionally slightly horrified by her plain, com- mon-sense view of duty to oneself and the world. Of all these things was Lydia thinking, as she sat at her open window; and if a fear of Guy’s stability and strength of purpose came across % her, she felt in her own firm, self-centred cha- l racter the power to aid and strengthen him in his faltering course.

The night passed, and Lydia's bridal day came on, the fairest June morning that one s could desire, and amid its brightness those two young beings took the solemn vows which neither estrangement, hate, nor the wicked mockery of human law can ever annul, j A week after, they settled down in the little cottage where they bad decided to pass the sum- mer months. It was a bird’s-nest of a spot—a tiny house nestled in among the curviugs of the East river, surrounded by trees and so overgrown

�


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Page:Tempest (1918) Yale.djvu/31

20

Weeping again the king my father's wrack,

This music crept by me upon the waters,

Allaying both their fury, and my passion,

With its sweet air: thence I have follow'd it,—

Or it hath drawn me rather,—but 'tis gone.

No, it begins again.

Ari. Song.

'Full fathom five thy father lies;

Of his bones are coral made:

Those are pearls that were his eyes:

Nothing of him that doth fade,

But doth suffer a sea-change

Into something rich and strange.

Sea-nymphs hourly ring his knell:'

Burthen: 'Ding-dong!'

'Hark! now I hear them,—Ding-dong, bell.'

Fer. The ditty does remember my drown'd father.

This is no mortal business, nor no sound

That the earth owes:—I hear it now above me.

Pro. The fringed curtains of thine eye advance,

And say what thou seest yond.

Mira. What is 't? a spirit?

Lord, how it looks about! Believe me, sir,

It carries a brave form:—but 'tis a spirit.

Pro. No, wench; it eats and sleeps, and hath such senses

As we have, such; this gallant which thou see'st,

Was in the wrack; and, but he's something stain'd

With grief,—that's beauty's canker,—thou might'st call him

 390 passion: suffering

402 remember: commemorate

404 owes: owns

405 advance: lift

412 canker: worm that feeds on flowers

title: Page:Tempest (1918) Yale.djvu/31


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A , see Ghosts

Aburi, 29

Accra, 26, 29

Adooma Tribe, 355

Adultery, Laws of, 497

Africans, their culture and characteristics, 439, 500-504, 605

Agonjo, 306, 308, 333

Ajumba, 317-229

Akanda Point, 414

Alondo Point, 392, 410

Alouette, Mt. 408

Ambas (or Amboises) Bay and Island, 610-613

Andande, 215

Angola-bells, 66

Anne Bom, 46, 55

Anzam, or Anyambi. God, 442

Apparitions, 520-523

Arevooma, 250

Art, characteristics of Negro, 503

Asyuka, 375

Axim, 95

Aynfwa Goddess, 512

Ayshouka, 241

Ayzingo Lake, Eliya z'Ayzingo, 237, 240, 269

B

 * , Boqué, River, 348
 * Bana, Bank and Island, 405
 * Bantu, religious ideas of the, 443
 * Basile in Fernanda Po, 44
 * Bateke Tribe, the, 357
 * Bats, Witch, 470
 * Baumann, Dr. Oscar, on the dances of the Bubis, 67
 * on the Gods of the Bubis, 69
 * on the language of the Bubis, 64
 * on the liquor traffic, 63 note
 * Beads "Aggry," 679
 * Beans, Calabar, used in ordeals, 465, 466
 * Bells, musical, of the Bubis, 66
 * used by Witch Doctors, 464
 * Watch, among the Fans, 450,
 * Bell Town, Murder Society at, 539
 * Benga Tribe, the, 400, 402
 * Witch Doctors of the, 464
 * Bights, of Benin and Biafra, 75
 * Bikei, Coinage among the Fans, 320-321
 * Blood, an apparition of, 522, 523
 * ideas among the W. African tribes
 * with regard to, 447, 525
 * "Blown-blessings," Ibata, 453
 * Bobia Island, 610, 612
 * Bohowissi, 521
 * Boko Boko, on the Ogowé River, 183, 185
 * Bonny, Town and River, 97
 * Boofima, 539
 * Boqué, or Bakwe River, 348
 * Bosum Prah River, 635
 * Brazza, M. de, at Loango, 105
 * his exploration of the Ogowe, 353-368
 * Brazzaville, 360, 361
 * Buana, 606
 * Bubis, the, of Fernando Po
 * Arts and Crafts, 64
 * Character of, 56
 * Charms, 69
 * Fetish, 68
 * Gods, 69
 * Government, 69
 * Implements, 65
 * Language, 64
 * Music, 66, 68
 * Buea, on Cameroons, 600, 604
 * Burial customs (see Funeral customs)
 * among the Bubis, 70
 * African ideas regarding, 491
 * Burial grounds of the Ajumba, 481


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The Tempest, I. ii

A goodly person: he hath lost his fellows

And strays about to find 'em.

Mira. I might call him

A thing divine; for nothing natural

I ever saw so noble.

Pro. [Aside.] It goes on, I see,

As my soul prompts it.—Spirit, fine spirit! I'll free thee

Within two days for this.

Fer. Most sure, the goddess

On whom these airs attend!—Vouchsafe my prayer

May know if you remain upon this island;

And that you will some good instruction give

How I may bear me here: my prime request,

Which I do last pronounce, is—O you wonder!—

If you be maid or no?

Mira. No wonder, sir;

But certainly a maid.

Fer. My language! heavens!—

I am the best of them that speak this speech,

Were I but where 'tis spoken.

Pro. How! the best?

What wert thou, if the King of Naples heard thee?

Fer. A single thing, as I am now, that wonders

To hear thee speak of Naples. He does hear me;

And, that he does, I weep: myself am Naples,

Who with mine eyes,—ne'er since at ebb,—beheld

The king, my father wrack'd.

Mira. Alack, for mercy!

Fer. Yes, faith, and all his lords; the Duke of Milan,

And his brave son being twain.

 420 remain: dwell

429 single: solitary, with pun on feeble

title: Page:Tempest (1918) Yale.djvu/32


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Page:Tempest (1918) Yale.djvu/33

22

Pro. [Aside.] The Duke of Milan,

And his more braver daughter could control thee,

If now 'twere fit to do 't.—At the first sight

They have changed eyes:—delicate Ariel,

I'll set thee free for this!—[To Fer.] A word, good sir;

I fear you have done yourself some wrong: a word.

Mira. Why speaks my father so ungently? This

Is the third man that e'er I saw; the first

That e'er I sigh'd for: pity move my father

To be inclin'd my way!

Fer. O! if a virgin,

And your affection not gone forth, I'll make you

The Queen of Naples.

Pro. Soft, sir: one word more—

[Aside.] They are both in either's powers: but this swift business

I must uneasy make, lest too light winning

Make the prize light—[To Fer.] One word more: I charge thee

That thou attend me. Thou dost here usurp

The name thou ow'st not; and hast put thyself

Upon this island as a spy, to win it

From me, the lord on 't.

Fer. No, as I am a man.

Mira. There's nothing ill can dwell in such a temple:

If the ill spirit have so fair a house,

Good things will strive to dwell with 't.

Pro. Follow me.—

Speak not you for him; he's a traitor—Come;

 436 control: confute

440 done wrong: erred in your account of yourself

title: Page:Tempest (1918) Yale.djvu/33


text:
Thomas Arkle Clark

 * Thomas Arkle Clark (1862–1932), American academic
 * "Thomas Arkle Clark" (1926, "Silvery hair and shrewd face, whimsical smile"), a poem by Anna Shattuck Palmer

title: Thomas Arkle Clark


text:
Stuart Pratt Sherman

 * Stuart Pratt Sherman, American literary critic and educator
 * "Stuart Pratt Sherman" (1926, Another good man gone East!' No more to see"), a poem by Anna Shattuck Palmer

title: Stuart Pratt Sherman


text:
Tradition

 * "The Tradition" (1913), a short story by Algernon Blackwood
 * "A Tradition" (1926, "Just within the wide entrance of Lincoln Hall"), a poem by Anna Shattuck Palmer
 * "Tradition" (1922), an essay by Stuart Pratt Sherman

title: Tradition


text:
Torch

 * "Torch" (1926, "Bearers of the torch"), a poem by Anna Shattuck Palmer
 * "The Torch" (1882, "On my Northwest coast in the midst of the night a fishermen's group stands watching"), a poem by Walt Whitman

title: Torch


text:
Page:Chapters on Jewish literature (IA chaptersonjewish00abra).pdf/229

career of Don Isaac Abarbanel (born in Lisbon in 1437, died in Venice in 1509) worthily closes the long services which the Jews of Spain rendered to the state and to learning. The earlier part of his life was spent in the service of Alfonso V of Portugal. He possessed considerable wealth, and his house, which he himself tells us was built with spacious halls, was the meeting-place of scholars, diplomatists, and men of science. Among his other occupations, he busied himself in ransoming Jewish slaves, and obtained the co-operation of some Italian Jews in this object.

When Alfonso died, Abarbanel not only


text:
Page:Tempest (1918) Yale.djvu/34

The Tempest, I. ii

I'll manacle thy neck and feet together:

Sea-water shalt thou drink; thy food shall be

The fresh-brook mussels, wither'd roots and husks

Wherein the acorn cradled. Follow.

Fer. No;

I will resist such entertainment till

Mine enemy has more power.

He draws, and is charmed from moving.

Mira. O dear father!

Make not too rash a trial of him, for

He's gentle, and not fearful.

Pro. What! I say,

My foot my tutor?—Put thy sword up, traitor;

Who mak'st a show, but dar'st not strike, thy conscience

Is so possess'd with guilt: come from thy ward,

For I can here disarm thee with this stick

And make thy weapon drop.

Mira. Beseech you, father!

Pro. Hence! hang not on my garments.

Mira. Sir, have pity:

I'll be his surety.

Pro. Silence! one word more

Shall make me chide thee, if not hate thee. What!

An advocate for an impostor? hush!

Thou think'st there is no more such shapes as he,

Having seen but him and Caliban: foolish wench!

To the most of men this is a Caliban

And they to him are angels.

Mira. My affections

Are then most humble; I have no ambition

 462 entertainment: treatment

465 fearful: dangerous (?)

466 foot: inferior (referring to Miranda)

468 come ward: abandon your posture of defense

title: Page:Tempest (1918) Yale.djvu/34


text:
Page:Chapters on Jewish literature (IA chaptersonjewish00abra).pdf/215

historical books to be found in the Bible, the Apocrypha, and the Hellenistic literature prove that the Hebrew genius was not unfitted for the presentation of the facts of Jewish life. These older works, as well as the writings of Josephus, also show a faculty for placing local records in relation to the wider facts of general history. After the dispersion of the Jews, however, the local was the only history in which the Jews could bear a part. The Jews read history as a mere commentary on their own fate, and hence they were unable to take the wide outlook into the world re-


text: Tempest (1918) Yale/Text/Act II

title: Tempest (1918) Yale/Text/Act II


text:
Page:The Wreck of a World - Grove - 1890.djvu/112

96 island as chief magistrate, with Gell and Dana as my vice-gerents and assessors. My duties chiefly consisted in settling rival claims to parcels of land which in the first settlement of the island were not precisely defined. The people recognised that I tried to act justly, and there was no appeal from my decisions.

I had taken care to bring with me the whole of my library, which was a good scientific one, besides containing the best literary works of all nations—not such an unwieldy number, after all—and my medicine chests, which were fortunately well-stocked. My most important duties were perhaps those of physician and surgeon to the whole community; but I was also general instructor and minister of religion! It was impossible for me to continue to exercise these multiple functions, so I persuaded young Dana to learn as much as I could teach him of the science of medicine, he merely stipulating that nothing should deprive him of the command of his beloved ships, which he kept in perfect order, and would occasionally take for a short cruise with such of the sailors as would accompany him.

Poor Gell, who never could get over the loss of his


text:
Page:Travels in West Africa, Congo Français, Corisco and Cameroons (IA travelsinwestafr00kingrich).pdf/796

 *Burton, Sir Richard, his ascent of
 * Mungo Mah Lobeh, 595 (note)
 * Bush Souls, 459
 * Bush trade, with the Fans, 310
 * with the Igalwa and M'pongwe, 316

C , 453

Cabinda, Witch doctors among the, 464

Calabar, Old, 12

Cameroons, 548 (see Mungo Mah Cobeh)

Canary, Grand, 13

Cannibalism among the Fans, 287, 330

Cape Coast Castle, 26

Carica papaya, 39

Carthaginian beats, 679

Chaillu, M. du, his explorations, 368-370

Charms, 445, 448-450, 511

 * Mahommedan, 19

Children, ownership of, 498

Christiansborg, 30-33

Civilization, effect of on W. African trihes, 403

Clarence Cove and Town, Fernanda Po, 50

Clarence Peak, 47, 50

Coast Divisions of the W. Affican, 75

Cocoa growing, 624

Coffee growing in Congo Français, 147

 * at Fernando Po, 48

 * on the W. Coast, 642

Coinage of the Bubis, 59

 * of the ans, 320-1

Coinage Equivalents of the Bubis, 59

 * of the Natives near the Ogowé, 203

Colonial methods, 548

Como River, 345-347, 408

Congo Français, 369-381

Congo Free State Railway, 553, 624

Cookery, Native, 208, 211

Coomassie, Trade of, 636

Corisco Island, 382,

 * fishing at, 398-404

Costumes of the Sierra Leone Negroes, 20

Cotton growing, 643

Cray fish swarms, 402

Crocodiles, 88, 89, 546

Crocodile Witches, 448, 538

Cross River, 624

Crown Sand, 405

D {{Plainlist|
 * {{sc|Death}}, Customs at, 459, 471, 482
 * Diseases, Native ideas with regard to, 500
 * Diseases, Native remedies for, 468-470
 * Doctors, Witch, 464, 446
 * Dongila, 351
 * Dreams, Native ideas regarding, 504, 505
 * Drink traffic, The, 18, 63, (note}, 662-668
 * Dualla Tribe, The, 400
 * "Duppy" 509}}

E Seers, 459

Education of the Natives by the French, 205

 * by the Missions, 658-662

Efoua, 270

Egaja, 282

Egbo Society, 532

Elephants, 258

 * hunting, 326

 * sense of smell, 160

Ellis, Colonel, on the Native Religions and Magic, 510

Elmina, 27

Eloby, 385, 406

Esoon, 294, 207

Esterias, 408-410, 420

Extinction of W. African tribes, 401-403

Eyeballs used as charms, 449

F

 * , 103-104 (note), 138, 141-142, 247
 * aggressions on other tribes, 399
 * arts and crafts, 322-324
 * cannibalism, 330
 * coinage, 320
 * hunting, 325-327
 * ideas about death, 381
 * marriage laws, 321
 * moral characteristics, 329
 * trade, 310
 * Fernan Vaz, 104
 * Fernando Po, 42-73
 * British occupation or, 53
 * Fauna, 60
 * Flora, 48
 * Natives, See Bubis
 * Spanish colonization of, 54, 615
 * Fetish, origin of the name, 429
 * Fever on the W. Coast, 85-86, 618-619, 680, 681
 * Fishes, 692
 * Filaria, 686
 * Forests, characteristics of the W. African, 101
 * on the banks of the Ogowé, 261-262
 * Franceville, 356


text:
Page:Tempest (1918) Yale.djvu/36

The Tempest, II. i

Gon. Beseech you, sir, be merry: you have cause,

So have we all, of joy; for our escape

Is much beyond our loss. Our hint of woe

Is common: every day some sailor's wife,

The masters of some merchant and the merchant,

Have just our theme of woe; but for the miracle,

I mean our preservation, few in millions

Can speak like us: then wisely, good sir, weigh

Our sorrow with our comfort.

Alon. Prithee, peace.

Seb. He receives comfort like cold porridge.

Ant. The visitor will not give him o'er so.

Seb. Look, he's winding up the watch of his

wit; by and by it will strike.

Gon. Sir,—

Seb. One: tell.

Gon. When every grief is entertain'd that's offer'd,

Comes to the entertainer—

Seb. A dollar.

Gon. Dolour comes to him, indeed: you have

spoken truer than you purposed.

Seb. You have taken it wiselier than I meant

you should.

 5 merchant: merchant-ship

the merchant: the owner of the cargo

11 visitor: visitor to one in affliction

15 tell: count

19 Dolour: grief, used punningly

title: Page:Tempest (1918) Yale.djvu/36


text:
Page:The Wreck of a World - Grove - 1890.djvu/113

Rh bride, and cherished some wild ideas on that subject which I thought wisest to ignore, was glad enough to undertake the duties of teaching and preaching, so far as we practised the latter function, which was not a great deal. The three of us made a point of meeting informally every day to report the condition of things and the needs of the people, while once a week we had a regular meeting to determine the occupations and duties of the next week. The inhabitants were under a benevolent despotism, but as that despotism was never exercised for its own ends, nor where unnecessary, I suppose they thought it quite as good as government by mass-meeting and mob-oratory.

I have said that Gell entertained some peculiar notions about his lost bride. They first came out as follows:—we had been discussing the question of the instruction of the younger children when I observed,

"If our dear Aurelia had been alive, she would have been able to give us good advice."

"Alive! Are we sure she is not? Do you know sir, I have many time thought that we hurried away too soon, without obtaining proof positive of her death?"


text:
Page:The Wreck of a World - Grove - 1890.djvu/114

98 I turned to him in amazement. "My dear Gell, what can you mean? Did not you yourself go in search of her, track her every footstep, and find the very spot where poor darling—" I could say no more for a moment. "Did you not actually bring back those relics, which with the footmarks and wheel tracks formed as good circumstantial evidence as was ever brought before a court of justice?"

"I cannot help it," replied Gell; "I own I was at the time convinced, but ever since we started on the voyage here I have been thinking daily that we were too hasty. Nay, if I must tell you, I have dreamt of her night after night, and seen her face looking at me across the sea with a sad reproachful gaze, as though she would say 'Why did you leave me, William?' And each morning I wake with those words ringing in my ears—and I can't bear it," added the poor fellow with a sob.

"William," said I kindly, laying my hand on his shoulder, "you have been overworking your brain, and will get ill if you don't take care. As for our dear Aurelia having survived, though you know I would lay down my life if I could prove it to be true, and


text: Travels in West Africa, Congo Français, Corisco and Cameroons/Appendix 1


text:
Page:The Wreck of a World - Grove - 1890.djvu/122

106 Or was it rather a detachment sent by our relentless foes, who would not suffer even these poor relics of the human race to occupy a remote corner of the globe? If so, with Dana and his sailors absent, and the Roanoke and America practically unusable till their return, God help the poor Jeffersonians! We must fly to the mountains, and see our beautiful towns and gardens and farms laid waste once more; and if the monsters of the deep had brought with them land monsters to harry us, who could say that we should be safe even there?

I looked through the glass again. The first vessel had grown more distinct; the second was beginning to exhibit its outline; the faint streak indicating the third had become a dark thick line; and on the horizon was now to be seen a fourth,—yes and a fifth streak marking where the distant ships were pouring clouds of coal smoke into the sky. Five ships, if these were indeed the enemy, to combat our poor two! And our seamen, officers, engineers, gunners,—all absent. What could be done?

Nevertheless what I could do I did. Collecting the old coast-guardsmen—only nine or ten in all—I sent


text:
Page:Tempest (1918) Yale.djvu/55

44  Trin. A most ridiculous monster, to make a

wonder of a poor drunkard!

Cal. I prithee, let me bring thee where crabs grow;

And I with my long nails will dig thee pig-nuts;

Show thee a jay's nest and instruct thee how

To snare the nimble marmoset; I'll bring thee

To clust’ring filberts, and sometimes I'll get thee

Young scamels from the rock. Wilt thou go with me?

Ste. I prithee now, lead the way, without any

more talking.—Trinculo, the king and all our

company else being drowned, we will inherit

here.—Here; bear my bottle—Fellow Trinculo,

we'll fill him by and by again.

Cal. 'Farewell, master; farewell, farewell.'

Caliban sings drunkenly.

Trin. A howling monster, a drunken monster.

Cal. 'No more dams I'll make for fish;

Nor fetch in firing

At requiring,

Nor scrape trenchering, nor wash dish;

'Ban, 'Ban, Ca—Caliban,

Has a new master—Get a new man.'

Freedom, high-day! high-day, freedom! free-

dom! high-day, freedom!

Ste. O brave monster! lead the way.

 180 crabs: crab-apples

181 pig-nuts: earth-nuts

185 scamels; cf. n.

188 inherit: take possession

196 trenchering: trenchers

title: Page:Tempest (1918) Yale.djvu/55


text:
Page:The Wreck of a World - Grove - 1890.djvu/123

Rh them on board the ships, with orders to put them in condition so far as they were able, to load the guns, and clear the decks as for an engagement. I also got together a few engineers and a posse of fellows to act as stokers, and instructed them to light the engine fires and get up steam with all speed. I supplemented my scratch crews with a number of young men and lads whom I placed under the orders of the old sailors, with instructions to do exactly what they were bidden, and nothing else. With all this I could not but look on the prospect of a battle with the gravest fears. Ought I not rather to abandon all resistance, which must almost certainly result in disaster, and take to flight with the whole populace? But then I was not yet certain that these vessels did belong to the enemy,—and again there was a chance, however poor, that Dana might return from his cruise before we were destroyed. So with the feeling that I had to make a choice of evils I proceeded with my preparations. Slight as they were, and inevitable as was the ruin if we should engage with a superior force of the enemy, these preparations saved the state. From which I draw the moral that even in desperate cases it is always


text:
Page:The Wreck of a World - Grove - 1890.djvu/127

Rh duties required of a naval commander going into action. So leaving my old coast-guardsmen in charge, I gave them the signal to weigh anchor and engage the enemy, feeling that I was ordering the poor fellows and the dear raw lads under their command to certain destruction. Although I would give no sign of fear in the presence of the people I felt convinced that the last act in the drama of the Extinction of Man was now come.

But even as the heavy chain cables were being dragged up by the steam-winches, and my forlorn hope was actually moving to its doom, there shot round the point not a mile to our right the gallant Hope—well named assuredly, for she bore on her decks the men who alone could save us from utter despair. Her appearance seemed to be observed by the enemy, for they once more slowed down, and advanced with extreme deliberation.

And how came Dana to return so opportunely? We learnt afterwards that while cruising off the Southern islands he too had seen the faint streaks of smoke darkening the Eastern sky. Full of anxiety he had coasted round, keeping carefully under the shadow of


text:
Page:National Electrical Code, First Edition 1897 by National Board of Fire Underwriters.djvu/3

 The National Electrical Code, as It is here presented, is the result of the united efforts of the various Electrical, Insurance, Architectural and allied interests which have, through the National Conference on Standard Electrical Rules, composed of delegates from the following Associations, unanimously voted to recommend them to their respective Associations for approval or adoption:

American Institute of Architects. American Institute of Electrical Engineers. American Society of Mechanical Engineers. American Street Railway Association. Factory Mutual Eire Insurance Companies. National Association of Fire Engineers. National Board of Fire Underwriters. National Electric Light Association. Underwriters' National Electric Association.

And as soon as meetings of these Associations are held, and action taken, the fact will be noted.


text: Travels in West Africa, Congo Français, Corisco and Cameroons/Appendix 2


text:
Page:National Electrical Code, First Edition 1897 by National Board of Fire Underwriters.djvu/5

In all electric work conductors, however well insulated, should always be treated as bare, to the end that under no conditions, existing or likely to exist, can a grounding or short circuit occur, and so that all leakage from conductor to conductor, or between conductor and ground, may be reduced to the minimum.

In all wiring special attention must be paid to the mechanical execution of the work. Careful and neat running, connecting, soldering, taping of conductors and securing and attaching of fittings, are specially conducive to security and efficiency, and will be strongly insisted on.

In laying out an installation, except for constant-current systems, the work should, if possible, be started from a center of distribution, and the switches and cut-outs, controlling and connected with the several branches, be grouped together in a safe and easily accessible place, where they can be readily got at for attention or repairs. The load should be divided as evenly as possible among the branches, and all complicated and unnecessary wiring avoided.

The use of wire-ways for rendering concealed wiring permanently accessible is most heartily indorsed and recommended; and this method of accessible concealed construction is advised for general use.

Architects are urged, when drawing plans and specifications, to make provision for the channeling and pocketing of buildings for electric light or power wires, and in specifications for electric gas lighting to require a two-wire circuit, whether the building is to be wired for electric lighting or not, so that no part of the gas fixtures or gas piping be allowed to be used for the gas-lighting circuit.


text: Travels in West Africa, Congo Français, Corisco and Cameroons/Appendix 3


text: Travels in West Africa, Congo Français, Corisco and Cameroons/Appendix 4


text:
Page:National Electrical Code, First Edition 1897 by National Board of Fire Underwriters.djvu/58

 Results of recent tests made under the specifications given in Class D for cut-outs, switches, conduits, wires, circuit breakers, fuses, etc., can be seen at inspection offices, and should be consulted in all cases where any doubt exists as to the ability of any particular device to successfully meet the requirements given.

Copies of laboratory reports on all devices can be obtained by architects building owners and contractors by addressing the Electrical Bureau of the National Board of Fire Underwriters at the Chicago office, No. 157 LaSelle Street, to which address new devices, or devices on which tests are required, should be sent.


text: Travels in West Africa, Congo Français, Corisco and Cameroons/Appendix 5


text:
Rules of the Workers' Party of Korea (1956)

1. The Workers' Party of Korea is a vanguard, organized detachment of the working class and all the toiling masses of our country.

The Workers' Party of Korea represents the interests of the Korean nation and the Korean people.

The Workers' Party of Korea is organized with progressive fighters from among the entire working people — workers, peasants and intellectuals, who champion the interests of the toiling masses.

The Workers' Party of Korea is guided in its activities by the theory of Marxism-Leninism.

The Workers' Party of Korea is the successor of the revolutionary tradition of the Korean people who fought for national independence and liberation of our country, against the Japanese and other colonialists.

The immediate aim of the Workers' Party of Korea lies in carrying out the tasks of anti-imperialist, anti-feudal democratic revolution on a nation-wide scale, and its ultimate aim in building a communist society.

The Workers' Party of Korea struggles for the liberation of the southern half of our country from the American imperialist aggressive forces and the internal reactionary rule, and for the attainment of the complete unification of the country on a democratic basis by firmly uniting the broad popular masses of North and South Korea around itself, and by strengthening the united front with the patriotic, democratic forces of all walks of life in Korea on the basis of the alliance of workers and peasants.

The Workers' Party of Korea successfully carries on the building of socialism in the northern half of our country by consolidating the people's democratic system, strives for an incessant growth of production and the improvement of the material and cultural life of the people, and accelerates the unification of the country by politically and economically strengthening the democratic base.

The Workers' Party of Korea struggles for training the Party members and the toiling masses in the spirit of patriotism and proletarian internationalism, for consolidating the internationalist solidarity of the Korean people with the peoples of the great Soviet Union, China and other People's Democracies as well as with the toiling people of all countries, for intensifying friendship with all nations which support the unification and independence of our country and with all peace-loving peoples, and for lasting peace in Asia and the world.

2. All working people who are Korean citizens, who accept the Party Programme and Rules, fight for the realization of them, earnestly work in a definite organization of the Party, actively carry out decisions of the Party, and pay prescribed membership dues, may become members of the Workers' Party of Korea.

3. It is the duty of the Party member:

a) to actively fight for the unification and independence of the country and for the consolidation, expansion and development of the people's democratic system;

b) to fight for the preservation of the ideological and organizational unity of the Party;

c) to strive persistently to study the theory of Marxism-Leninism and raise his (her) ideological, political and cultural standards;

d) to become an active champion who is genuinely loyal to the Party, upholds the political line and policy of the Party and takes the initiative in carrying out Party decisions and assignments;

e) to strengthen the bonds of kinship with the toiling masses, constantly explain the Party policy to them, give heed to their voice, meet their requirements in good time, learn from them and train them;

f) to earnestly take part in the work of political, economic and cultural construction in the northern half of the Republic, be well versed in the work assigned, strive to raise the level of technique and skill, become a model in labour, fight for the growth of labour productivity and the intensification of labour discipline, and actively endeavour to protect and multiply the state and co-operative property;

g) to consciously observe the single Party discipline equally applicable to all Party members irrespective of their position and merit;

h) to develop criticism and self-criticism, above all criticism from below, fight against all negative phenomena prejudicial to the interests of the Party, and to be frank before the Party; to be bound in duty to report to the Party bodies of all levels up to the Central Committee on all shortcomings in the work;

i) to strictly keep the secrets of the Party, and always and everywhere hold high political vigilance.

4. It is the right of the Party member:

a) to take part in free and practical discussions on the Party policy and the work at Party meetings or in the Party press;

b) to elect and be elected to Party leading bodies at all levels;

c) to criticize any Party member at Party meetings, when there are due reason and ground;

d) to demand personal participation in Party meetings, at which discussions are made and decisions taken regarding his (her) activities and work;

e) to request the Party bodies at all levels up to the Central Committee of the Party to consider the petition he (she) presented on any question.

5. Members of the Workers' Party of Korea are recruited from among the probationer members who have passed through the specified probationary term.

One may join the Party on reaching the age of 18.

Admission to the Party shall be conducted by an individual enrollment, and its procedure is as follows:

a) one, who is desirous of joining the Party, submits to the primary Party organization concerned the written application and recommendations of two Party members who have a Party standing of more than one year and know him (her) well.

Under special circumstances, one may submit to the primary Party organization recommendations of two Party members, who know him (her) well, irrespective of the Party standing of the recommenders or the application for admission without going through the probationary term.

In case of the admission of a member of the Korean Democratic Youth League, the recommendation of the city, district or county Democratic Youth League committee can stand for the recommendation of a Party member.

A member or alternate member of the Central Committee of the Party shall refrain from giving recommendation.

The recommender is responsible to the Party for his (her) bona fides;

b) the admission to the Party shall be discussed and decided upon at the general meeting of the primary Party organization with the participation of the applicant, and the decision becomes effective when endorsed by the city, district or county Party committee. The presence of the recommenders at the discussion of the admission is not essential;

c) admission to the Party or a person who has seceded from another party requires recommendations of three Party members with no less than two years of Party standing.

Admission to the Party of an ordinary member of it shall be finally endorsed by the city, district or county Party committee, that of one who was a member or a cadre of a city, district or county-level committee of it by a provincial Party committee, and that of one who was a member or a cadre of the central or provincial-level committee of it by the Central Committee of the Party.

6. Admission (of a probationer member to full membership) dates from the day when the general meeting of the primary Party organization decided thereon.

7. When a member of a Party organization removes to another, he (she) shall be entered on the membership rolls of the latter.

The transfer of a Party member shall be effected in accordance with the regulations laid down by the Central Committee of the Party.

8. A Party member who, despite repeated warnings, has failed for three months in succession to pay membership dues and participate in Party life with no due reason, shall be regarded as being automatically removed from the Party ranks. The primary Party organization must adopt an appropriate decision thereon, and have it endorsed by the city, district or county Party committee.

9. Formation of a faction within the Party, which undermines the unity and solidarity of the Party and weakens its militancy, cannot be tolerated. A Party member who violates the Party Programme and Rules, forms a faction within the Party in opposition to the political line of the Party, deceives the Party, becomes demoralized or compromises with the enemy, and thus seriously prejudices the Party shall be expelled from the Party.

10. To a Party member who has committed not so grave a mistake as to be deprived of the title of a Party member, as measures for giving him (her) the possibility to rectify his (her) mistake, penalties may be applied in the form of reprimand, warning or suspension of rights according to the gravity of the mistake.

11. The aim of Party penalties lies in educating the Party member who has committed the mistake. In making decisions on the application of Party penalties, especially of expulsion, maximum caution and comradely consideration shall be exercised, and the primary causes of the mistake shall be thoroughly investigated.

12. Penalties to be applied to a Party member shall in principle be discussed and decided upon, with his (her) participation, at the general meeting of the primary Party organization to which he (she) belongs. Decision of the primary Party organization on the penalty of the suspension of rights becomes effective, only when finally endorsed by the city, district or county Party committee, and that of the expulsion, only when finally endorsed by the provincial Party committee. Prior to the final endorsement of the expulsion, the membership card shall not be withdrawn from the person penalized by the primary Party organization, and he (she) is entitled to attend the Party meetings, except in special cases.

13. The primary Party organization cannot directly apply Party penalties to members and alternate members of the Central Committee of the Party, nor to members and alternate members of the provincial, city, district or county Party committee. But, when a member or an alternate member of the Party committee of higher level violates Party discipline, the primary Party organization may submit to higher Party bodies specific data and its own views on the application of the Party penalties. Penalty for a member or an alternate member of the Central Committee of the Party shall be decided upon by the Party Congress or the plenum of the Central Committee, and that for a member or an alternate member of the provincial, city, district or county Party committee by the respective conference or the plenary meeting of the respective Party committee, in each case with a two-thirds majority vote of the delegates or committee members present.

14. One who is expelled or penalized otherwise may appeal to the Party bodies at all levels up to the Central Committee of the Party.

The Party bodies at all levels shall consider and deal with the decision of the Party organization on the penalty for a Party member or the appeal sent by the penalized within one month from the day it is received.

15. The Central Committee of the Party may adopt decisions on dissolving any Party organization and individually re-enrolling the membership concerned, when the Programme, Rules and policy of the Party are seriously violated or not carried out by it.

16. One who wishes to join the Party shall go through the prescribed term of probationer membership in order to study the Programme, Rules and policy of the Party and to enable the Party organization to fully test his (her) political preparedness and personal quality.

17. Procedures for admission to the probationer membership are identical with those for the admission of a probationer member to the full membership.

18. A probationer member has the same duties and rights as those of a full member, except the right to elect and be elected and the right to vote.

19. The term of probationer membership is fixed for one year. The primary Party organization shall concretely guide and assist the probationer member in becoming qualified for full membership within the fixed term.

Upon the expiration of the probationary term of a probationer member the primary Party organization shall consider and decide upon his (her) admission at a general meeting. When it is established that he (she) is not fully prepared for admission, the general meeting can prolong the probationary term for another six months or a year. When it is established that a probationer member, having gone through the probationary term, is not fit for admission to the Party owing to his (her) personal quality, the Party general meeting shall consider and decide upon his (her) expulsion.

Decision of the primary Party organization on prolonging the probationary term or expelling a probationer member shall be endorsed by the city, district or county Party committee.

20. A probationer member shall pay membership dues like a full member.

21. The Party is organized on the principle of democratic centralism:

a) all leading Party bodies from the lowest to the highest are elected at Party general meetings, Party conferences or at the Party Congress;

b) leading Party bodies at all levels regularly report on their work to the Party organizations by which they were elected;

c) a Party member is subordinate to the Party organization, the minority to the majority, a lower Party body to the higher Party body and all Party organizations absolutely to the Central Committee of the Party;

d) lower Party bodies are bound in duty to carry out decisions of higher Party bodies; higher Party bodies systemically guide and inspect the work of lower Party bodies.

22. The Party is organized on a regional or industrial division.

A Party organization in charge of a given area is higher than any Party organization in charge of part of the area, and a Party organization in charge of the whole of an enterprise, by a special decision of the Central Committee of the Party, is higher than any Party organization in charge of part of it.

23. Each Party organization is autonomous in discussing and settling its own local affairs. However, the autonomous decisions upon local affairs shall not be in conflict with the Party Rules or decisions of the higher Party bodies.

24. The highest body in each Party organization is the Part general meeting (in the case of a primary Party organization), the Party conference (in the case of a provincial, city, district or county Party organization) and the Party Congress (in the case of the Party as a whole).

25. The Party general meeting elects the executive committee of the primary Party organization, the Party conference elects the provincial, city, district or county Party committee, and the Party Congress elects the Central Committee of the Party. These leading bodies guide all the work of the Party organizations.

Leading Party bodies at all levels unroll all their activities strictly on the basis of the Leninist principle of collective leadership as the highest principle of Party leadership.

26. Leading Party bodies at all levels are elected by secret ballot and the voting is individual in relation to candidates for leading Party bodies.

27. The provincial, city, district and county Party committees and the Party committees of major factories and enterprises may convene meetings of active members to discuss the implementation of Party decisions.

28. Necessary departments are set up in the Central Committee and in the provincial, city, district and county Party committees. The right to set up such departments is vested in the Central Committee of the Party.

29. It is the sacred right of every Party member emerging from inner-Party democracy to discuss freely the issue of the Party policy at an individual Party organization or on an all-Party scale. Only under conditions, in which inner-Party democracy is ensured, can self-criticism, above all criticism from below, be unrolled, enthusiasm and creative activity of the Party members raised, and the conscious observance of Party discipline strengthened.

Inner-Party democracy can protect the Party from every shade of anti-Party and opportunist elements, only when closely coupled with the principle of centralism.

30. The Central Committee of the Party may specially decide upon the forms of the Party organization and ways of activities of Party organizations under special circumstances.

31. The highest body of the Party is the Party Congress.

The regular Party Congress shall be convened once every four years by the Central Committee of the Party, and the extraordinary Party Congress at the proposal of the Central Committee of the Party or at the request of no less than one-third of the total membership represented at the preceding Party Congress.

The Central Committee of the Party shall announce the date and agenda of the Party Congress two months prior to the Congress.

The Central Committee of the Party fixes the ratio of delegates to the Party Congress.

32. Functions of the Party Congress are:

a) to hear, discuss and approve the reports of the Central Committee, the Central Auditing Commission and other central bodies of the Party;

b) to adopt or revise the Programme and Rules of the Party;

c) to decide upon the basic questions of the policy and tactics of the Party;

d) to elect the Central Committee and the Central Auditing Commission of the Party, the size of the membership of each being fixed by the Party Congress.

33. When for some reason vacancies occur in the Central Committee of the Party, they shall be filled by so many from among the alternate members of the Central Committee.

34. The Central Committee of the Party convenes its plenum no less than once every four months.

The alternate members of the Central Committee of the Party attend the plenum of the Central Committee with voice only.

35. The Central Committee of the Party forms a Presidium in order to guide the work of the Central Committee of the Party in the intervals between plenums, and sets up an Organizing Committee in order to carry out the current work concerning the organization of control of the implementation of decisions and the selection and allocation of cadres.

The plenum of the Central Committee of the Party elects the chairman and vice-chairmen of the Central Committee of the Party.

36. The Central Committee of the Party forms a Control Committee under the Central Committee.

Functions of the Control Committee of the Central Committee of the Party are:

a) to inspect how the Party discipline is observed by Party members and probationer members, and to call to account those Party members who have violated the Programme and Rules of the Party or the Party discipline, have weakened the unity of the Party and violated the Party moral;

b) to consider and deal with the proposals of provincial Party committees for Party penalties and appeals of individual Party members.

37. The Central Committee of the Party directs all Party work in the intervals between the Party Congresses, represents the Party in relation with other parties, government bodies as well as public organizations, forms Party bodies and directs their activities, nominates the editorial board of the organ of the Central Committee, organizes and manages the enterprises of social significance and administers the Party finance.

The Central Committee of the Party directs the work of the central bodies of the Government and of public organizations through the Party groups within them.

38. The Central Committee of the Party organizes political departments in special bodies, and posts Party organizers of the Central Committee in the major state enterprises with a view to intensifying the Party leadership. The political departments and the organizers of the Central Committee are directly led by the Central Committee, regularly report on their activities to the Central Committee, and are accountable to the Central Committee.

39. The Central Committee of the Party regularly notifies the Party organizations of its work.

40. Functions of the Central Auditing Commission of the Party are:

a) to inspect to see whether the departments of the Central Committee do their work expeditiously and correctly;

b) to audit the finance of the Central Committee of the Party.

41. The Central Committee of the Party has the right to convene, when necessary, the Party Conference in the intervals between the Party Congresses.

The Party Conference discusses urgent problems relating to the policy and tactics of the Party, and has the right to recall members of the Central Committee, who failed to fulfill their duties, and replace or elect them anew, however, not more than one-fifth of those elected by the Party Congress.

Election procedure and the ratio of delegates to the Party Conference shall be prescribed by the Central Committee of the Party.

Decisions of the Party Conference, except those on the by-election and election of the members and alternate members of the Central Committee, shall be endorsed by the Central Committee, and all Party organizations are bound in duty to carry them out.

42. The highest body of the provincial Party organization is the provincial Party conference.

The provincial Party conference shall be convened by the provincial Party committee once every two years. The provincial extraordinary Party conference shall be convened at the request of no less than one-third of the Party membership under the provincial Party committee, at the instance of the provincial Party committee, or when the Central Committee deems it necessary.

The provincial Party committee shall notify its subordinate Party organizations of the date and agenda of the provincial Party conference one month prior to the conference.

The provincial Party committee fixes the ratio of the delegates to the provincial Party conference.

43. Functions of the provincial Party conference are:

a) to hear, discuss and approve the reports of the provincial Party committee and the provincial Party auditing commission;

b) to elect a provincial Party committee and a provincial Party auditing commission;

c) to elect the delegates to the Party Congress.

44. The provincial Party committee convenes its plenary meetings no less than once every three months.

45. The provincial Party committee forms an executive committee of the provincial Party committee, including a chairman and vice-chairmen of the provincial Party committee, in order to carry out the current work in the intervals between its plenary meetings.

The executive committee of the provincial Party committee is in duty bound to report on its work to the plenary meeting of the provincial Party committee.

46. The provincial Party committee systematically directs the Party organizations in the province, organizes and inspects fulfilment of Party decisions, adequately allocates the Party forces within the province, trains Party members in the spirit of unrolling criticism and self-criticism and of irreconcilability with shortcomings, organizes and directs the study of Marxism-Leninism and practical training for the enhancement of the ideological and political level of Party members and probationer members, strengthens education in class consciousness among the working people, nominates the editorial board of the organ of the provincial Party committee, directs through the Party groups the work of government bodies and social organizations in the province, regularly reports on its work to the Central Committee, and manages its finance.

47. The highest body of the city, district or county Party organization is the city, district or county Party conference.

The city, district or county Party conference shall be convened once a year by the city, district or county Party committee; yet under certain circumstances, it may be convened once every two years. The city, district or county extraordinary Party conference shall be convened at the request of no less one-third of its Party membership, at the instance of the city, district or county Party committee, or when a higher Party body deems it necessary.

The city, district or county Party committee shall notify its subordinate Party organizations of the date and agenda of the city, district or county Party conference twenty days prior to the conference.

The city, district or county Party committee fixes the ratio of delegates to the city, district or county Party conference.

48. Functions of the city, district or county Party conference are:

a) to hear, discuss and approve reports on the work of the city, district or county Party committee and of the city, district or county Party auditing commission;

b) to elect a city, district or county Party committee and Party auditing commission;

c) to elect delegates to the provincial Party conference.

49. The city, district or county Party committee convenes its plenary meetings no less than once every two months.

50. The city, district or county Party committee forms an executive committee of the city, district or county Party committee, including the chairman and vice-chairmen of the city, district or county Party committee, in order to carry out the current work in the intervals between the plenary meetings of the city, district or county Party committee.

51. The city, district or county Party committee organizes or approves primary Party organizations, registers Party members and probationer members, adequately allocates the Party forces within the city, district or county, systematically directs its subordinate primary Party organizations, organizes and inspects the implementation of Party decisions, trains Party members in the spirit of unrolling criticism and self-criticism and of irreconcilability with shortcomings, organizes and directs the study of Marxism-Leninism and practical training for the enhancement of the ideological and political level of Party members and probationer members, strengthens education in class consciousness of the working people, directs through the Party groups the work of government bodies and social organizations in the city, district or county, regularly reports on its work to the higher Party body, and manages its finance.

52. The primary Party organization is the basic body of the Party.

The primary Party organization shall be formed when there are three or more Party members in a factory or an enterprise, in transport services, in a construction office, machine-hire station, farm or livestock farm, co-operative, government body, educational, cultural or public health establishment, unit of the People's Army, farm or fishing village.

In a factory or an enterprise, government body, village, etc., with less than three Party members, a circle of member(s) and probationer member(s) shall be formed with a Party member as a responsible person, recommended by a city, district or county Party committee, or by a political department concerned.

The primary Party organization shall be endorsed by a city, district or county Party committee, or by a political department concerned.

53. The highest body of the primary Party organization is the Party general meeting.

The general meeting of the primary Party organization shall be convened no less than once a month.

54. In a factory, enterprise, co-operative or government body with upwards of 100 Party members and probationer members, sectional Party organizations may be formed within the primary Party organization covering the whole factory, enterprise, etc., subject to the endorsement in each particular case by the city, district or county Party committee or a political department concerned.

A sectional Party organization is not authorized to decide on admission to the Party or on the application of penalties to Party members; it discusses and settles immediate issues concerning the Party work.

In a primary Party organization with less than 100 Party members and probationer members or in a sectional Party organization, Party sub-branches may be formed as occasion demands.

55. In a major factory, enterprise, co-operative, government body, etc., with upwards of 300 Party members and probationer members, a Party committee shall be formed, subject to the endorsement in each particular case by the Central Committee of the Party. The Party committee gives unified guidance to the work of the Party organizations in factories, enterprises, co-operatives and government bodies. Sectional Party organizations in such factories, enterprises, co-operatives and government bodies are invested with the same authority as a primary Party organization.

A Party committee with upwards of 2,000 Party members and probationer members may have the same authority as the city, district or county Party committee, subject to the endorsement by the Central Committee.

However, in individual branches, to which principles set forth in Articles 54 and 55 cannot be applied, primary Party organizations may be formed by the decision of the Central Committee of the Party.

56. Functions of the primary Party organization are:

a) to constantly explain the Party policy and decisions among Party members and popular masses, and organize and mobilize the toiling masses in the fight for the implementation of them;

b) to strengthen ties with the toiling masses and pay heed to their voice, give close attention to their requirements, always be concerned about their political, economic and cultural life, and actively strive to improve their material and cultural standards;

c) to admit to the Party active elements who fight in defence of the interests of the toiling masses, collect membership dues, intensify the Party discipline and train the Party members in the spirit of unrolling criticism and self-criticism and of irreconcilability with shortcomings;

d) to organize for Party members and probationer members the study of the theory of Marxism-Leninism and of the Party policy, and train Party members and the toiling masses in the spirit of loyalty to the Party, of patriotism and proletarian internationalism;

e) to struggle for fulfilling and overfulfilling the state production plans, launching production emulations, introducing and popularising advanced science, technique and experiences, intensifying labour discipline, protecting and economizing the state and co-operative property, strengthening agricultural co-operatives and raising the agricultural output, for the fortification of the material foundation of the people's democratic system.

57. The primary Party organization elects an executive committee for the term of one year.

The executive committee of a primary Party organizations shall be formed when there are 15 or more Party members.

A primary Party organization with less than 15 members shall not elect an executive committee, but a chairman and vice-chairman of the primary Party organization.

With a view to training the Party members in the spirit of collective leadership, an executive committee shall be elected also by a sectional Party organization with upwards of 15 members.

Primary Party organization, which is to organize the Party committee, elect it at the general meeting or the conference of the Party.

58. In case there are two or more primary Party organizations formed in one and the same administrative Ri-division (village), when deemed necessary, a Ri Party committee may be organized by a joint general meeting of the primary Party organizations, subject to the endorsement by the provincial Party committee.

Primary Party organizations under a Ri Party committee come under the direct jurisdiction of the city, district or county Party committee concerned.

The Ri Party committee assists the city, district or county Party committee in the guidance of the primary Party organizations, and organizes and mobilizes them to fulfil successfully the political, economic and cultural tasks arising in the Ri.

59. Party groups shall be formed in the congresses, consultative conferences and electoral bodies, of the organs of state power and of social and co-operative organizations.

A Party group elects a responsible member to exercise its functions.

60. A Party group shall obey the corresponding Party committee (the Central Committee of the Party, provincial Party committee, city, district or county Party committee) and carry out Party decisions within the body concerned.

61. A Party member shall pay monthly membership dues according to his (her) income. The rates are: monthly earnings of not more than 500 won — 1 per cent monthly earnings from 501 won to 1,000 won — 2 per cent monthly earnings of 1,001 won and more — 3 per cent

A peasant shall pay 10 won, and a student 1 won per month.

62. An initiation fee amounting to 2 per cent of monthly earnings shall be paid by a member (or a probationer member), and that of 20 won by a peasant.


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 the construction of suitable piers over the bar would prove, in every respect, a profitable undertaking. Echigo, is, as the Japanese say, one of the richest provinces of Japan, boasting indeed of never having suffered by famine, while all other provinces have done so. The export trade from Niigata would certainly become important. The undernamed are the chief productions of this rich province:

Rice, throughont the province, but particularly at Suyebara.

Tea, at Muramatshi, Murakami and Midzu.

Ai (blue pigment), at Suyebara.

Copper, at Yashiko, Toish, Otani.

Coal, at Akatani.

Petroleum, at Midzu, Kanaya, Garameki, Kogutshi, Tatemura, Yoshimisu, Aida, Mishooji, &c.

At Midzu there is a jet of gas issuing from the ground, which is lighted to the general amusement of the visitors to a tea-house, built expressly for the purpose, on the spot.

Silk is cultivated at Goshen and Joshiu.

Hemp, at Chiujo and Manoshiro.

Moreover fish is much exported, of which in the first place, I mention salmon, which abounds in the Shinanogawa between Ono and Hesima; and wooden clogs are exported by long files of pack-horses.

Besides the common fruits and crops a small kind of apple is grown in Echigo, which, if not plucked before being half-ripe according to Japanese custom, is very savoury and fragrant.

Following the coast N. E. of Niigata over a length of about 3 ri we come to another large river mouth, being that of the Agakawa. This river, though generally much wider than the Shinano, does not discharge such a large volume of water as the latter; a good portion of its water flows from Sawa-umi, situated at about 4 ri from the mouth, through the Kuagawa into the Shinano. In former years the Agakawa had no separate mouth but flowed through what is now called the Sinkawa, parallel to the

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 coast, to unite with the Shinano opposite Niigata, while both rivers flowed into the sea by one single mouth. The consequence was, that a much larger volume of water being discharged, the channel over the bar had always a sufficient depth for navigation, being in fact never less than 20 feet, as is reported. But probably in order to prevent inundations along the Agakawa, it was resolved upon, 170 years ago, to lead its water directly to the sea, by cutting through the hills which border the sea-coast, near the place where the Agakawa bended to the S.W. to unite with the Shinano.

Echigo was divided between several princes (I believe there were 11 of them); to one of whom belonged the Shinanogawa-mouth, while the new Agakawa-mouth came into the possession of another. In order to prevent the trade of Niigata from being transferred to Matsugasaki, which lies at the mouth of the Agakawa, and of which fear existed (as, owing to the greater velocity of the current at the Agakawa-mouth, its depth would probably be greater than that of the Shinanogawa-mouth), a treaty was concluded between the two princes, in which it was stipulated that junks would never be allowed to load or unload at Matsugasaki, and would only be permitted to anchor in the Agakawa-mouth in case of bad weather. A guard-house was built near the coast to watch the interests of Niigata, which was only removed last year, though the junks are not yet officially permitted to trade at Matsugasaki. This place is built against the slope and on the top of the downs; it is a fishing village of very poor and dilapidated appearance, but with its red-painted temple and large torii, projecting above the houses on the top of the hill, it is nicely situated, as looked at from the river. The trade along the Agakawa is by no means so important as that along the Shinano; the river is navigable up to Tsugawa, twelve or thirteen ri from its mouth. The part of the river I visited, over a length of 3 ri upwards from the mouth, is very shallow, the greatest depth being for a great part not more than 2$1⁄2$ or 3 feet. But as the river is very broad, it could

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 surely be made navigable for ships of 5 or 6 feet draught up to the mouth of the Kanagawa, and probably still higher up.

A great portion of the lands between the different rivers which ran through this part of Echigo, is situated much below the ordinary level of the surrounding rivers, which causes every year great injury to the crops; several lakes or pools of greater or lesser extent lie in this otherwise prosperous district, which might, when properly drained, add a considerable portion of paddy-field to the existing one. Much is to be done here in the course of time; unfortunately money has hitherto been wanting.

A remarkable instance of Japanese engineering skill may be seen at Uchino, which is about 2$1⁄2$ ri S. of Niigata, between the Nishikawa and the sea, which are here close to each other. At this place a considerable area of the lands between the Shinano, Nakanokuchi and Nishikawa, and moreover the extensive lakes which are situated in this part, throw their superfluous water into the sea, the water flowing on through several channels. The Hishikawa, serving for irrigation, for which purpose from distance to distance a dam is laid through its bed, its level is much higher than that of the lands around it; so that the superfluous water coming from the low lying lands, has to pass underneath the bed of the Nishikawa. For this purpose a large wooden lock, shut at both sides by self-acting gates, is constructed; there are 5 of these gateways adjoining each other; each of them has a length of 210 feet, and 18 feet in width; 4 of them have a height of 6 feet and one of 4 feet. Perhaps some more will be constructed, as after heavy rain-falls the locks prove not to be sufficiently large.

I believe I have now sketched the chief features of the lower part of the Shinanogawa valley, partly in connection with the commercial interests which adhere to it.

I will now give a description of the home-road which led over the Mikuni pass. I reached Okodz on foot along the Nishikawa embankments, passing through a very prosperous district. From Okodz I went by boat up the

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 Shinanogawa to Nagaoka, which is a distance of nearly 6 ri. About half-way between those two places, and situated at 5 or 6 cho from the left bank of the river, is Yoïta, a very large, but poor-looking town, with a beautiful Honjin or Daimio’s hotel. The river between Okodz and Nagaoka and down Okodz as far as the separating point of the Nakanokuchi, is very broad, but full of sand-banks and islands. About 1 ri upwards of Yoïta the sand-banks are covered with heavy gravel, which becomes larger and larger, until, before Nagaoka is arrived at, the pieces reach the size of pebble-stones. Nagaoka, 40 miles above Niigata, is the most important place in Echigo; it is renowned for its silk manufactures and is the staple place of trade from Echigo overland to the South. It is not situated directly on the Shinanogawa, but its suburbs extend to it. Formerly it was the seat of a Daimio, who was Minister to the Taicoon; afterwards it became the capital of the Nagaoka-ken, which was united last year with the Niigata-ken. The town is spaciously built with wide streets; about the number of the inhabitants or of the houses I could not get any information, but judging from the extent of the place, it must be considerably greater than that of Niigata.

Here follow the distances of the different places along the Mikuni Road. I have added the height above the sea level, as I determined it by means of an aneroid barometer, but these observations were very roughly made, as I had neither the time nor the means of making them with accuracy; they may serve, however, to give a general idea of this part of the road.

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In my report for 1904 I gave the reasons in favor of the printing by the Library of this and of similar unpublished manuscript records in its possession. It would save excessive wear and tear upon the originals; it would enable the texts to be studied by investigators who can not come to Washington; and it would encourage that thorough, detailed, and continuing study of them which their value and interest and a proper understanding of American history require. These reasons apply with peculiar force to the Records of the Virginia Company, unique in themselves and unique of their kind, and an additional one, in their case influential; that publication would make them available to persons who would not master the difficult chirography of the original.

Their history is fully told in the Introduction by Miss Kingsbury, and their importance as a document emphasized in the Preface by Professor Osgood. Previous efforts to secure their publication in extenso had not been successful. The present one originated in a proposal by Professor Osgood in behalf of the Public Archives Commission of the American Historical Association to edit them as a contribution to one of the Annual Reports of the Association; and although the work as issued is an independent publication of the Library, it has had the benefit of his expert counsel. It was at his instance also that Miss Kingsbury, then a graduate student in his department at Columbia, began the undertaking which she has so well accomplished, and which has consisted (1) in a complete transcript of the text itself; (2) in a close study not merely of this but of the numerous collateral and subsidiary documents both here and abroad; (3) in the preparation of the Introduction, Notes, Bibliography, and Index; and (4) in aid upon the proof. The proof has also, however, been read word for word with the original text, and revised by the Chief of the Division of Manuscripts, with the excellent assistance of Miss Minnie V. Stinson of that Division.

 * Chief, Division of Manuscripts

3


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The records, and especially the Court Book, of the Virginia Company of London have long been regarded as among the most precious manuscript treasures which have found a lodgment within the United States. Not only is their inherent value as an historical source very great, as has been explained by the editor in her introduction, but a sentimental value also attaehes to them. This has a twofold origin. It arises, in the first place, from the fact that they belong at once to the romantic period of our own beginnings and to the heroic period of England's great. struggle against absolutism. The men who figure in the pages of this record were at the same time playing their parts, on the one side or the other, in the controversies which were then beginning with James I, and which were to broaden and deepen under his son till England was plunged into the agonies of the great civil war. They were contemporaries, and in vot a few cases associates, of Coke and Eliot and Hampden, of Bacon and Wentworth and Buckingham. The names of Sandys and the Ferrars stand high on the roll of patriots by which the first generation of the Stuart period is distinguished. These same men also, together with a long list of the merchants and nobles of the time, were deeply interested in discovery and colonization. As successors of Gilbert and Raleigh they were planting a new England beyond the Atlantic. About this enterprise still clung some of the spirit and memories of the Elizabethan seamen and their early struggles with Spain. In the days when Smythe and Sandys were active the prosaic age of English colonization had not yet begun. The glamour of romance, of the heroic, attaches to the founding of Virginia and Plymouth, and makes them fit subjects for the poet. By the time when the other colonies were founded the glow and inspiration had giown faint or wholly disappeared. In the Records of the Virginia Company some reflection may be seen of this early zeal, of the plans and ideals to which it gave rise. Even their pages, cast in a style which is quite unusual in records of this nature, make one realize that he is in the company of noble and earvest spirits, men who were conscious that they were engaged ina great enterprise. The Court Book itself, now that it is printed in full, will be found to be a worthy monument of English speech, as it was used at the close of the Elizabethan epoch and by contemporaries of Shakespeare and Bacon.

The fate whieh probably befell the original of this record, and the unusual steps which it became necessary to take in order to secure and preserve a copy, were natural consequences of the struggles of the time, and add still further to the interest of 5


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6 the text as we now possess it. Miss Kingsbury, by her use of the Ferrar papers, has Leen able to establish by the clearest proof the connection of Nicholas Ferrar with the transcription, and in many other ways she has added definiteness to the accounts usually given of the origin and preservation of the record as we now possess it. The transfer of the copy of the Court Book to Virginia and its transmission from hand to hand till, through the medium of Thomas Jefferson's library, it finally passed into the possession of Congress fittingly concludes the remarkable history of the preservation of this manuscript.

The high estimate which has been placed on its value is evidenced not only by the use that has been made of it by historians, but by the long-continued efforts which have been made to secure its publication. In 1858 Mr. J. Wingate Thornton, in an article in the "Historical Magazine," explained the nature of the Court Book, told how it had been preserved, and insisted upon the importance of its being published. "As these volumes are of national rather than of local interest," said he, "reaching back to the very foundation of the English companies for colonizing America; as they have escaped the chances and mishaps of two centuries, on either side of the Atlantic, … and as Providence has now placed them in the keeping of our National Congress, is it not our national duty to have them appropriately edited and published?" The following year Mr. Thornton published a pamphlet in Boston, in which he outlined the history of the manuscript and again raised the question of its publication. But soon the Civil War came on, and plans of that kind, especially so far as they related to southern history, had to be postponed.

But in 1868, three years after the close of the war, Mr. Edward D. Neill presented a memorial to Congress, in which he dwelt on the neglect by historians of these most valuable manuscripts. He stated that, while preparing his book entitled "Terra Mariae," he had familiarized himself with the chirography of the records. He now offered to undertake their editing without compensation, if he might be furnished with two copyists for a limited time and be allowed a small sum for stationery and contingent expenses. But this offer met with no response, and Mr. Neill was forced to content himself with the publication of extracts from the manuscript in his "History of the Virginia Company of London" (Albany, 1869).

In March, 1877, Mr. Robert A. Brock, of the Virginia Historical Society, published in the "Richmond Daily Dispatch" a "Plea for the Publication of the Records of the Virginia Company." In 1881 Senator John W. Johnston, of Virginia, introduced into Congress a bill which was intended to provide for the publication of the records. This passed the Senate, but failed in the House.

During three successive sessions between the years 1885 and 1888 Dr. J. Franklin Jameson applied to the Library Committee of Congress for perniission to edit and publish the records without expense to the Government. His plan was to obtain a sufficient number of subscribers to justify the issue of the volumes by a private firm and to meet the cost of the sale. Another suggestion which he also made was the uppointment of a commission which should concern itself with the publishing of