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 "You may imagine I was not a little confounded when, on arriving at the castle, the first object almost I beheld was Lafroy: the alarm of my soul, which my countenance I believe too faithfully depicted, he however tried to dissipate by a secret look, and a slight pressure of his hand upon his heart, as if to assure me of his fidelity.

"At night, when I was undressing, he entered my apartment—'Pardon my intrusion, my Lord (said he), but I could not refrain from coming to express my joy at seeing you, as I may say, risen from the grave; for the monk assured me you were dead. He might have confided in me; I pledged a solemn oath never to betray you; and, though but a servant, I have ever been taught to consider a promise as sacred.'

"Excuse the caution of old age, Lafroy, (replied I); 'twas not by my desire the monk deceived you.'

'Certainly, my Lord (said he); I allow too much caution could not be practised then, nor is there less occasion for it now; as I am con-


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 vinced, if the Marquis knew you were but accessary to the death of Lord Philippe, he would punish you with the most implacable vengeance. For my part, I think you more to be pitied than condemned; and that those who instigated you to the destruction of your brother, alone merit punishment.'

"Did you ever (asked I), discover any clue to unravel the horrid mysteries which involved me in guilt?"

'I once (cried Lafroy), had an opportunity of doing so, but, alas! I lost it.'

"Lost it! (repeated I); explain yourself."

'About seven years ago (resumed he), as I was attending the Marquis to a seat of his near Paris, at a post-house, to which I rode before the carriage for the purpose of securing horses, my eyes encountered that villain Claude: I instantly seized him by the arm, and, dragging him into a room, bolted the door—'Accursed wretch! (cried I), the long delayed punishment of heaven has at length overtaken you; the Marquis of Montmorenci approaches, and into his hands I shall

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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 consign you, as the immediate cause of his son's death.'

'Oh! have mercy (he exclaimed, and dropped upon his knees); I am not quite so guilty as you imagine: my poverty exposed me to temptation, and a base enemy of Lord Philippe's, by lavish promises, seduced me to evil. I have already made a full confession of every circumstance to a relation of the Marquis's; and I am ready to repeat the same to you, if you but promise not to give me into his power.'

'Well (said I, after some minutes of consideration), on this condition I give the promise you desire.' I accordingly raised him from the ground, and with an impatience which made me tremble, seated myself near him to hear his narrative. He had just opened his lips for the purpose of beginning it, when a violent knock came to the door, and the post-master bid me come out directly, for the Marquis of Montmorenci was dying. All horror and consternation, I obeyed him, and found a fellow-servant


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 in the hall, who told me his Lord was in violent fits.'

'Secure the man in the parlour (cried I to the post-master as I sprung upon my horse to ride off to the carriage, which the servants had stopped for fear of rendering their Lord worse by the motion. It was long ere he regained his senses). We then slowly proceeded to the post-house; but think of my rage, my regret, when, upon enquiring for him, I learned that, during the bustle in the passage, Claude had slipped from the parlour, and escaped from the house by a back way, fearing, no doubt, that I would not keep my promise to him. 'Tis a true saying, my Lord, that a man generally judges of the disposition of others by his own, so Claude, being himself a deceiver, feared deception from me.'

"Lafroy then proceeded to inform me, that he had, ever since the death of my brother, been immediately about the person of the Marquis, and ended his conversation


text:
Miller v. Oregon/Dissent Brennan

MR. JUSTICE BRENNAN, joined by MR. JUSTICE DOUGLAS and MR. JUSTICE MARSHALL, dissenting.

Petitioner had a pistol on his person when he was arrested in Portland, Oregon, on January 28, 1970. Two prosecutions were brought against him based on this single act of possession. The first was a complaint filed January 29, 1970, for violation of § 14.32.040 of the Code of the City of Portland, which makes it a crime to carry a concealed weapon. The second was an indictment handed down April 20, 1970, for violation of Oregon Revised Statutes § 166.270, which makes it a felony for "any person who has been convicted of a felony against the person or property of another" to carry a concealed weapon.

On April 29, 1970, the petitioner was convicted of the ordinance violation. He thereupon entered a plea of double jeopardy to the felony indictment. The plea was sustained in the trial court and the indictment dismissed. The Court of Appeals of Oregon reversed, 5 Ore. App. 501, 484 P. 2d 1132. The Oregon Supreme Court denied review.

I would grant the petition for certiorari and reverse. In my view the Double Jeopardy Clause applicable to the States through the Fourteenth Amendment, Benton v. Maryland, 395 U.S. 784 (1969), requires the prosecution, except in most limited circumstances not present here, "to join at one trial all the charges against a defendant that grow out of a single criminal act, occurrence, episode, or transaction." Ashe v. Swenson, 397 U.S. 436, 453-454 (1970) (concurring opinion). Under this "same transaction" test of "same offense" the trial court properly sustained petitioner's double jeopardy plea.

title: Miller v. Oregon/Dissent Brennan


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 with assurances of being ever faithful to me and mine."

"It must have been to D'Alembert that Claude confessed his guilt," said Madeline.

"So I think (cried her father); I know of no other way by which he could have attained a knowledge of my life."

"Ah! what a base advantage does he take of the secret reposed in him!" said Madeline.

"A base one indeed (repeated St. Julian). Oh! my child, never can I consent to bribe him to silence by sacrificing you. What, to save a life upon which misery is entailed—a life already in its decline—shall I devote my heart's best treasure to wretchedness?—no, Madeline, no; sooner will I brave the threats, will I meet the vengeance of D'Alembert, than consent to such a measure."

"And do you think (cried Madeline), in an union with D'Alembert's son I could feel half the wretchedness I must experience if, by persevering in your present intentions, you provoke his resentment, and become its


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 victim? no—believe me I could not. But I have sworn (continued she, wildly starting from her seat), I have sworn to become the wife of D'Alembert, if by no other means I can prevail upon his father to keep secret the fatal events of your life; the oath is recorded in heaven—what mortal then shall be daring enough to bid me break it?"

"My Madeline! my love! (cried her father, terrified by her strong emotions, and catching her hand), a thought has just struck me, which may perhaps extricate us from our present trouble; 'tis evident that neither D'Alembert nor his son would desire an union with you, but for the sake of the fortune you are to possess."

"Evident indeed," repeated Madeline.

"I think then (resumed St. Julian), that if we were to promise to resign that fortune to them, they would cease all further solicitations for your hand."

"A merciful God has surely inspired you with the idea (said Madeline, while tears of joy fell from her). Oh, I have no doubt but


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 our persecution would immediately cease, if their avarice was once satisfied."

"Send then for D'Alembert (cried St. Julian), and tell him, if he vows inviolable secrecy with regard to me, and promises to relinquish all ideas of an union between you and his son, both you and your father will, without delay, sign any paper he may please to draw up, resigning to him and his heirs for ever all right and title to the fortunes of Montmorenci."

"I will send for him directly," exclaimed Madeline.

"Ah! my child (said St. Julian, still detaining and looking mournfully at her), must I then bid you sign away your birth-right? Must my crimes doom you to obscurity?—for me must you forfeit that wealth, that rank, you are entitled to?—"

"Talk not to me of wealth or rank (said Madeline); what happiness have I experienced from the possession of either?—Oh! my father, never did I know real peace since I left the dear cottage where I was


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 brought up; to be again its humble inmate is the summit of my wishes."

"Gladly indeed shall I resign all pretensions to rank and splendour (cried St. Julian); gladly shall I quit this mansion, where the spirit of a murdered brother takes its nightly rounds to fill my soul with horror. Yes, Madeline, in the dead of the night, when all but misery and despair are sunk in repose, my ears are often pierced by dreadful groans and melancholy cries, such as disturbed the tranquillity of the family the first night we entered within these walls."

"Oh! would to heaven (exclaimed Madeline, shuddering and appalled), that our departure from the castle immediately followed our renunciation of the fortune appertaining to it."

"Would to heaven it did! (said St. Julian) but to quit it during the life-time of the Marquis is impossible."

"Let me no longer delay sending for D'Alembert," cried she. As she spoke, she disengaged her hand, and, flying to the bell


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 rung it with violence. A servant almost instantly obeyed the summons, by whom she dispatched a message to D'Alembert, requesting to see him directly. Unwilling to meet him in the present agitated state of his mind, her father tenderly embraced her, and then left the room.


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CHAP. VI.

had scarcely quitted the apartment ere D'Alembert entered it—"I am come, Madam (said he, bowing), to receive your commands."


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 "Rather say, Sir (cried Madeline, with a haughtiness she could not repress), you are come to pronounce my doom. I cannot (continued she, rising and closing the door), deny that you have my father, consequently me, completely in your power; I shall therefore no longer attempt to refuse—I shall only attempt to entreat."

"You already know my resolution (said D'Alembert, losing all the gentleness with which he had entered the apartment); urge, therefore, no entreaty which I must refuse."

"I trust I shall not (said Madeline); my entreaty is, that, instead of my hand, you would accept of a title to the fortunes I may possess for your son."

"I do not understand you," cried D'Alembert, looking steadily at her.

"I think my meaning is obvious (said Madeline); I offer to your son the charm which attracts him to me. Yes, D'Alembert, I am convinced that had I still been Madeline Clermont, the humble inmate of


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 a lonely cottage, he never would have desired an alliance with me. Gladly, therefore, will I resign all that can now render him solicitous for that alliance; and am authorized by my father to tell you, that provided you promise, solemnly promise never to divulge the events of his unhappy life—events which, if properly stated, you must more compassionate than condemn him for, and withdraw the addresses of your son, he will, jointly with me, sign any paper you may please to draw up, resigning for ever to you and your heirs the fortunes of Montmorenci."

"Both you and your father are certainly entitled to the thanks of me and my son for your generous intentions (cried D'Alembert, bowing, and scornfully smiling). I will not pretend to say that either he or I are insensible of the value of riches, but we are not quite so interested as you imagine. The fortunes of Montmorenci would, to him, lose half their estimation, if the lovely Madeline was not attached to them. His therefore she


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 must be, if she wishes to preserve the existence of her father, for on her compliance my secrecy depends."

Madeline dropped on her knees—"Kneel by me then (she exclaimed), and swear, if I promise to sacrifice myself, that that secrecy will never be violated."

"I swear (said D'Alembert, bending his knee to the ground), that if you become the wife of my son, all that I know concerning your father shall be buried within my breast."

"Dispose of me then (cried Madeline), as you please. Yet, Oh! D'Alembert (she continued, in a voice of agony, and raising her eyes to his face), if you value the happiness of your son, give not to his arms a reluctant wife—cold and joyless must be such a gift! In pity to him therefore, as well as me, give up all idea of our union."

"Never, (said D'Alembert, as he raised her from the floor); though you may marry with indifference, the tenderness of my son will


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 soon, I am confident, convert that indifference into love."

"Love!" repeated Madeline. She involuntarily cast her eyes upon the portrait, which bore so strong a resemblance to de Sevignie. It was her disordered fancy, no doubt, which made her at that moment imagine the eyes regarded her with an expression of the deepest melancholy; every tender scene she had experienced with him rushed to her recollection. She felt she could never cease to adore him; she felt that, in the arms of another, she must still sigh for him: and, shuddering, almost shrieking, at the idea of the dreadful destiny which would soon render such sighs a crime, she fell in convulsive agitation upon the bosom of D'Alembert. He supported her to a window, and in a few minutes she began a little to revive. She then disengaged herself from his arms.

"You are still ill (said he); permit me therefore to support you."


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 "No (replied she, withholding the hand he attempted to take); upon the bosom which cannot pity me, I will not lean."

"You are now prejudiced against me (said D'Alembert); my professions, therefore, you would disregard; but I trust the period will shortly arrive in which you will believe me sincere when I say, that the esteem, the tenderness, your virtues merit, I feel for you. Will you now permit me (cried he, after a pause), to go and acquaint the Marquis with the happiness which awaits my son?"

Anxious to be relieved from his presence, Madeline desired him to do as he pleased, and he directly left her. The agonies of her soul then burst forth, and in tears and broken exclamations she vented her feelings. In this situation her father surprised her:—Pale, trembling, the very picture of melancholy and despair, he approached her.


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 "D'Alembert was then inflexible (said he). He has just announced to the Marquis and me your acceptance of his son. Oh! my child, can you pardon the father who has doomed you to wretchedness?"

Madeline flung herself into his arms. She would have spoken—she would have assured him, that the wretchedness of her destiny could not be as great as he imagined, from knowing that it had mitigated his; but sighs and sobs impeded her utterance. At length, raising her head—"Oh! my father (she said), do not torture me by such language; strengthen, instead of weakening me; aid me—advise me; enable me to perform the duties of the station I am about entering into. That God (cried she, lifting her streaming eyes to heaven), that God whom we both worship and adore, delights not in the miseries of his creatures: when, therefore, acting right, we may surely hope that he will mitigate our sorrows."


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 A summons to dinner prevented all further conversation. Madeline declared her utter inability of obeying it, and entreated her father to apologize for her absence.

Reluctantly he left her. Nothing could have prevailed upon him to do so, but a fear of distressing the Marquis if he absented himself from the table; and he promised to return as soon as he possibly could to her.

During his absence, Madeline determined to exert herself in order to regain some degree of composure. "But little shall I serve him (cried she), by the sacrifice of myself, if I let him know the anguish excited by that sacrifice."

He had been gone about half an hour when she heard a gentle knock at the dressing-room door. She started, but instantly recollecting herself, and supposing it to come from some one of the servants, she desired the door to be opened. She was obeyed


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 directly, and a man, whom she had never seen before, made his appearance.

Madeline rose from her chair, and surveyed him with astonishment. He approached her with evident diffidence and agitation, and offered her a letter. "From whom does it come?" said Madeline without taking it.

"From a friend to virtue (he replied). Delay not to read it (continued he, dropping it at her feet, for surprise rendered her unable to extend her hand): observe its advice, and avoid destruction." So saying, he rushed from the room, and closed the door after him.

Madeline remained many minutes without motion. She then repeated his words—"And will this letter (cried she, taking it up) point out a way by which I can avoid destruction?" She broke the seal with a trembling hand, and read as follows:—


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 ",

"The unhappy wife of young D'Alembert still exists; the story of her death was invented for the vilest purposes—purposes which, under Providence, I trust I shall be the humble instrument of defeating. Too long have I been the slave of vice—too long an accessary in all the horrid schemes of an iniquitous father and son! but heaven has at length awakened me to remorse; and, if the sincerest penitence for past enormities, and most strenuous endeavours to undo all the mischief I have done, can expiate error, I hope to be forgiven. I am now hastening to the place where the most lovely and most injured of her sex groans in captivity! but, till her liberation is effected, as you value her life (my worthless one I will not mention), keep secret the contents of this letter; were they prematurely known, there is no doubt but her death would be the immediate consequence. Oh! Lady, pray for her; pray that the efforts of a sorrowing and repentant wretch may be successful in rescuing virtue, and


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 preserving innocence: and may that heaven, which must ever regard purity like thine, ever render abortive all schemes that wickedness may plan against thee!"

No language could do justice to the feelings of Madeline on perusing this letter; but the astonishment, the ecstasy, with which the knowledge of her friend's existence inspired her, soon gave way to apprehensions for her father. She trembled to think of the horrors which D'Alembert might entail upon him in revenge for the disappointment of his hopes. "It will gladden his cruel and malicious soul (cried she) to plunge my father into the gulf of destruction—that gulf, into which the discovery of his own crimes must precipitate himself."

Her heart throbbing with impatience, she anxiously listened for her father. The moment he appeared, she flew to him, and put the letter into his hand. Her looks pre-


text:
Willis v. Prudential Insurance Company of America

227 Ga. 619, 182 S.E. 2d 420, affirmed by an equally divided Court.

E. Freeman Leverett argued the cause and filed a brief for petitioner.

A. Felton Jenkins, Jr., argued the cause for respondent. With him on the brief was Woodrow W. Lavender.


text:
Willis v. Prudential Insurance Company of America/Opinion of the Court

PER CURIAM.

The judgment is affirmed by an equally divided Court.

MR. JUSTICE POWELL took no part in the consideration or decision of this case.


text:
Page:The New York Times, 1918-11-11.pdf/8

WASHINGTON, Nov. 10.—The War Department gave out one army casualty list today, which contained 529 names, bringing the total for the army up to 69,207. No Marine Corps list was issued, but the total previously reported for that branch was 4,026.

The army list issued today contained the names of 153 killed in action, 102 died of wounds, 4 died of accident, 26 died of disease, 35 severely wounded, 86 wounded to an undetermined degree, 53 slightly wounded, and 70 missing.

The following abbreviations are used to indicate rank and the nature of the casualty:

(DA) Died from Accident and other Causes.

(DD) Died of Disease.

(DP) Died from Airplane Accident.

(DW) Died from Wounds.

(KA) Killed in Action.

(LS) Lost at Sea.

(MA) Missing in Action.

(P) Prisoner

(RD) Returned to Duty

(WL) Wounded Slightly

(WS) Wounded Severely

(WU) Wounded (Degree Undetermined.)

Gen. General

Col. Colonel.

Maj. Major.

Capt. Captain.

Lt. Lieutenant.

Sgt. Sergeant.

Corp. Corporal.

Bgl. Bugler.

Mch. Mechanic.

Wagn. Wagoner.

Mus. Musician.

Hrs. Horseshoer.

Major John A. Street, who was probably the youngest officer of field rank in the United States Army, was killed in action on Oct 4. Major Street, whose home was at 405 Grand Avenue, Brooklyn, was 23 years old and a West Point graduate of the class of 1916. He was born in Mississippi. On his graduation he was assigned as a second lieutenant to the Ninth Infantry, with which command he served in the Mexican expedition under General Pershing. He went to France as a battalion commander of the 128th Infantry.

, whose home was in Bloomfield, N.J., was killed on Oct. 13. He was 25 years old and prior to the war was in the New Jersey National Guard. He is survived by his wife, two brothers, both of whom are in the service, and a sister, who is a Red Cross nurse. In his last letter to his wife he wrote: "Don't cry if you hear that I have fallen on the field of honor. The only regret I will have will be that I can't say good-bye to you and that I won't be buried on American soil."

, killed in action on Sept. 29, was a former Seventh Regiment soldier who served on the Mexican border with that command. He was fighting with the 107th Infantry of the New York Division when killed. Lieutenant Cramer was 32 years old and a native of this city.

, dead of disease, died two days after his division landed in France. He was a Yale graduate of the class of 1908 and was the son of Mrs. Caroline C. Newcomb of Bronxville. When Congress declared war Captain Newcomb was manager of the brokerage firm of Jackson & Curtis. He has been at one time an editor of the Railway Age Gazette. He was 32 years old.

, who was killed in action on Oct. 6, was in the Twenty-third Infantry. He was the son of Mr. and Mrs. John Mitchell of Cedarhurst, L.I. He was 23 years old the day he was killed, and fell while leading a platoon of the 508th Infantry of the Upton Division in a charge.

, dead of wounds, was in the 324th Infantry of the "Wild Cat" Division. He was 29 years old and a native of this city. The emergency address given in the casualty list, which is 308 West 111th Street, is the home of Mrs. Susan Dell, to whom he was engaged.

, wounded Oct. 11, is in Co. K of the 107th Infantry. He is a graduate of Cornell and is the son of Mr. and Mrs. H. Winthrop Mills of 300 Haven Avenue, this city.

, killed on Sept. 29, was a member of Co. C of the 108th Infantry of the New York Division. He was the son of Augustus Fleury of Grafton Avenue, Jamaica.

, dead of wounds, was the son of Mr. and Mrs. John Schneider of 3,842 Rockaway Road, Woodhaven, L.I. He was in Co. C of the 108th Infantry and was a veteran of the Forty-seventh New York Regiment of Brooklyn.

, dead of wounds, was the son of Mrs. Agnes Whittle of 660 Dawson Street, the Bronx. He died on Oct. 3. He was a member of Co. C of the 107th Infantry.

, dead of wounds, was in Co. D of the 327th Infantry. His home was at 1,592 Washington Avenue, the Bronx.

, dead of wounds, was a member of Co. H of the 163th Infantry of the Rainbow Division, to which command he was transferred from the Fourteenth New York Infantry of Brooklyn. He is survived by his wife, whose home is at 121 Twenty-third Street, Brooklyn.

, dead of wounds, was the son of Mrs. F. Hansen of 527 Fortieth Street, Brooklyn. He was in Co. H of the 106th Infantry.

, dead of wounds, was a Sixth-ninth New York Regiment veteran who went overseas with the 165th Infantry. He is survived by his wife, who lives at 201 East Thirty-second Street.

, wounded, is a member of Company C of the 165th Infantry. His hom eis at 11 Russell Street, Brooklyn.

, dead of wounds, was in Company H of the 328th Infantry. He was 22 years old and a brother of Miss Nora Crowley of 225 East Eighty-first Street.

, dead of wounds, was a member of Company B of the 105th Machine Gun Battalion of the New York Division. His home was at 170 East Ninetieth Street.

, dead of wounds, was in the Upton Division. His home was at 285 Second Avenue, Long Island City.

, killed, was the son of Mr. and Mrs. George Michaelis of 295 Lincoln Avenue, Brooklyn. He was a member of Company A of the 312th Machine Gun Battalion. He was a brother of Private George Michaelis of the 36th Infantry, who has been missing since July 16, last.

, killed on Oct. 4, was the son of Mrs. Mary Stone of 87 Ryerson Avenue, Paterson, N.J. He was in the 311th Machine Gun Battalion.

, killed on Oct. 4, was a member of Company A of the 310th Infantry. His home was at 221 East Broadway.

, wounded, is a member of Company K of the 308th Infantry. He is a brother of Miss Josephine Martin of 57 Fifth Avenue, Brooklyn.

, dead of wounds, was the son of Mrs. J. Madden of 1,822 Woodbine Street, Brooklyn. He was in Company F of the 313th Infantry.

, wounded, is in Company G of the 305th Machine Gun Battalion. He is a son of Mrs. Edith Smiley of 427 St. John's Place, Brooklyn.

, wounded, is a veteran of the 23d New York Infantry. He is in Company A of the 106th Infantry. His home is at 2,022 Beverly Road, Brooklyn. He is a brother of Lieutenant Harold I. Fair of the 102d Infantry.

, wounded a second time, is the son of Mr. and Mrs. George Henderson of 65 Dwights Street, Brooklyn. He is in Company I of the 125th Infantry.

, wounded, is a member of Company B of the 165th Infantry. He is a son of Mrs. Catherine Gilnagh of 464 St. Mark's Avenue, Brooklyn.

, killed, was in Company K of the 105th Infantry of the New York Division. HE was the son of Sergeant Frank J. Putz of the New York Police Department.

, killed, was in Company G of the 106th Infantry. His home was at 161 Taafe Place, Brooklyn.

, wounded, is in Company G of the 165th Infantry. His home is at 100 Pineapple Street, Brooklyn.

, wounded, is in Company D of the 165th Infantry. He is a son of Mrs. Mary Moffett of 1,293 Dead Street, Brooklyn.

, wounded, is in Company H of the 106th Infantry. He is a son of Mrs. Rebecca Storms of 19 Lott Avenue, Woodhaven, L.I.

and, the only sons of Mr. and Mrs. Frank Higgins of 1,507 East Twenty-eight Street, Brooklyn, were both wounded in the battle for Cambrai. They are both in Company B of the 107th Infantry.

LONDON, Nov. 8.―The former German cruiser Goeben, which, since it joined the Turkish naval forces has been known as the Sultan Yuwuz Selim, is now in Turkish control and will be immediately interned, according to advices received by the Central News.

The Goeben was a unit of the former German Mediterranean fleet. In August, 1914, it made a successful dash for Turkish waters from the Adriatic, but had a difficult passage, being discovered by the British fleet. The vessel escaped, however, and soon after was bought from Germany by Turkey. When Turkey entered the war the vessel was manned by Germans and fought during the Dardanelles siege and later in the Black Sea. She was badly damaged by a mine in the Dardanelles, but was later repaired.

The Goeben is a cruiser of the Moltke type and displaces 22,625 tons. She is 610 feet in length and is driven by Parsons turbine engine. The principal battery of the Goeben consists of ten 11-inch guns.

LONDON, Nov. 10.―(British Wireless Service.)―Count Zu Reventlow, whose Pan German writings have appeared during the war in the Tageszeitung of Berlin, has fled to Denmark.

He declared to a correspondent at the frontier that the situation would be much worse in Germany when the soldiers returned from the front, as general anarchy could be expected.

LONDON, Nov. 10.―A party of American editors who arrived in London in October have returned after a fortnight's visit to France and Belgium. They visited Lille and other evacuated towns a few hours after the Germans left, and are burning with indignation over the German treatment of the French and Belgians.

They declare themselves for reparation to the last dollar of what the occupied countries have suffered.

WASHINGTON, Nov. 10.―With the American forces in France rapidly increasing, the Ordnance Department is confronted with the colossal task of supplying and maintaining the 2,000,000 and more men with war implements and ammunition. The larger the army grows in France the bigger the task becomes. It is estimated that the Ordnance Department will need a total of 10,000 commissioned officers and 120,000 enlisted men, many of whom have been obtained and yet others are now needed.

Since the Ordnance Department has been reorganized this task has been met with a remarkable degree of efficiency. Thousands of experts in various lines of industry have been taken into the service. Thousands of others have been trained for their special task.

When the titanic task of placing the Ordnance Department on a basis where its machinery would work in unison developed, steps were taken to train officers and men for their work. To give the men taken into the department a technical and mechanical training was put up to Colonel W. W. Gibson. A division was created, known as Ordnance Training, of which Colonel Gibson was director and Major Thompson was his executive assistant. These two men rounded into shape a problem under which thousands of men were fitted for the work.

Colonel Gibson is one of the older men in the Ordnance Department. He was instructor at West Point for four years and was also in command of the Watervilet Arsenal betfore coming to Washington.

An idea of the work performed by officers in charge of ordnance training may be had from a glance at their program for the next six months. The Ordnance Department must keep up a never-ending stream of all kinds of equipment, such as light horse-drawn, motorized, heavy, tracor-drawn and railway artillery, anti-aircraft guns, rifles, pistols, machine guns, trench mortars, trench knives, hand grenades, tractors, tanks, all kinds of ammunition, certain kinds of horse equipment for the artillery, artillery vehicles and carriages, and in addition a certain amount of personal equipment for the soldiers.

The personnel of officers and enlisted men may be divided into the following groups:

(1.) Those engaged in the United States and overseas in the design, purchase, manufacture, and inspection of ordnance and ordnance stores.

(2.) The commissioned and enlisted members of the ordnance personnel serving with the troops in the field.

The first group's duties are of a highly technical nature, covering design, experimental work, testing, inspecting, and placing of large contracts. The second group is engaged mainly in the distribution and maintenance of ordnance equipment and may be divided into main classes, supply and repair work and those attached to troops moving in the field.

The Ordnance Engineering School at Aberdeen, Md., where a three-month course covering all proving group activities has been given, will be continued. Originally having a capacity of 150 men and with a graduation list of fifty officers a month, the school will be able to give courses and commissions to 1,000 officers within the next six months. Several small specialist schools at Carney's Point and other places will also be conducted. An ordnance maintenance and repair school at Raritan Arsenal, Metuchen, N.J., and an ordnance concentration camp at Camp Hancock, Georgia, have also been established.

All applications for entrance into the schools should be sent to the personnel section of the Ordnance Department. Applicants must be graduates of a recognized engineering or technical college or have had five years' responsible engineering experience, which would be equivalent to an engineering education. Various types of engineers are eligible to enter the schools―mechanical, automotive, civil, mining, structural, architectural, metallurgical, chemical, and sanitary. Mechanical engineers are most desirable.

 [[File:New York Times - 1918.11.11 - 8 - Advert - Albodon.png|center|400px|alt=

When you make up your Christmas-box to be sent abroad, don't forget to include a few tubes of. There is nothing you can buy that will please him as much and at the same time be as benficial to his health. It is something he can seldom buy or get over there.

Whether he is in France, in arctic Siberia or tropical Palestine, you can be sure, with its high cleansing and antiseptic properties, will reach him in perfect condition. It is the only dentifrice that does not harden in the tube in any climate. A single tube used twice a day will last him five or six weeks. It is only 25c. a tube.

Every dealer sells Albodon and every dentist knows the formula and recommends it as an aid to health.

How to Sent It: If the package is to go to a man in the Army, consult your nearest Red Cross for shipping directions; if for a man in the Navy, inquire at the post office or at the express company. Your package must leave by November 20th.

"Tooth paste! It's the one thing I wanted. A thousand thanks for sending it!"

BRUSH YOUR TEETH WITH ALBODON AND THEY'LL BE CLEAN! ]]

[[File:New York Times - 1918.11.11 - 8 - Advert - Clark Weinberg.png|center|400px|alt=

French and Exclusive Designs

Fur Coats

Scarfs & Muffs

Cloth Coats

Evening Wraps

Near 51st St. 634 Fifth Ave. ]]

[[File:New York Times - 1918.11.11 - 8 - Advert - Saks.png|center|400px|alt=

CLOTHES OF CUSTOM QUALITY

You must hand it to New York for phrase-made Clothes—but don't let New York hand them to you! Your tailoring's got to be done by a needly—not by a fountain-pen! There are no Ready-Tailored Clothes in this city to equal a Saks-tailored Garment. And there isn't a Clothier in this city who doesn't admit it—to himself! Custom Quality straight to the core!

$28 AND UP

Saks & Company

BROADWAY AT 34TH STREET ]]

Present the Best Value in

All Wool Army Sweaters

At $2.95

ever seen in the City of New York

Regulation Army Sweaters in slip-on sleeveless model with military collar. Made of Khaki color Pure Worsted Yarn. At $2.95 you get them considerably below to-day's wholesale cost.

600 Pairs Men's Wool Socks

Special $1.35

Made by I. R. Morely & Sons of London, England. When these are gone, we cannot duplicate them at any price. Good heavy weight, in smart Heather effects. All sizes.

Men's Wool Shirts and Drawers

Special $3.50

Seventy per cent. wool, insuring absolution protection from the cold, piercing winds of Winter. Celebrated Medlicott make, in all white only. All sizes.

Men's Heavy Weight Cotton Ribbed Union Suits

Special $2.50

In the popular closed crotch model, in all sizes. Grey only, but the values are certainly splendid!


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 pared him for something wonderful, and he eagerly cast his eye over it.

"Oh, villains! (exclaimed he, ere he had half perused it), what punishment can be adequate to your crimes! My child (resumed he, after finishing the letter, tenderly embracing her as he spoke), thou art indeed, as the good must ever be, the peculiar care of Providence. Oh! with the most heartfelt gratitude do I acknowledge its goodness in preserving you from the snare which was set for you:—this instant would I expose the execrable contrivers of it to the fate they merit; this instant, notwithstanding the power which treachery has given them over me, brand them with infamy, did I not fear, in consequence of some part of this letter, taking any step of the kind till after the liberation of the unhappy Madame D'Alembert is effected. It would be an ill requital for the kindness of my dear lamented friend if, to gratify myself by punishing immediately an


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 injury meditated against my child, I occasioned the destruction of her's."

"Oh! my father (cried Madeline, whose heart was now solely occupied by fears on his account), think not of punishing the monsters—think only how you may avoid their malice."

"Avoid it! (exclaimed St. Julian, looking sternly at her); no, I will brave it, I will brave their threats—I will brave the horrors they may draw upon me, to have the satisfaction of punishing myself their meditated injury against you."

This was what Madeline had dreaded; his indignation at their designs against her would, she feared, transport him beyond all consideration for himself.

She threw herself at his feet, and with tears besought him to sacrifice his resentment to his safety. "You have ever told me, ever taught me to believe (she exclaimed), that you tenderly regarded your


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 Madeline; Oh! now, my father, prove that regard by endeavouring to preserve a life with which her's is entwined."

Her entreaties had at length the desired effect; passion gave way to pity; and, raising her from the ground, while he pressed her to his heart, St. Julian told her that the value she set upon his life made him in some degree value it himself. "I will therefore go (said he), to Lafroy—he is faithful and clever, and consult with him how I may best brave the coming storm: for, like you, I am convinced that, when once the villainy of D'Alembert is discovered, and consequently his hopes relative to you overthrown, he will reveal all he knows concerning me."

"Oh, go—go (cried Madeline, disengaging herself from his arms); go directly to Lafroy, and be quick, I entreat you, my father, in your return."


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 She followed him to the gallery, determined to wait there till he came back. A considerable time elapsed without bringing him; and the fears of Madeline were at length so excited by his long absence, that she was just going in quest of him, when she saw him and Lafroy approaching.

"I fear you have been uneasy at my not returning sooner (said he); but it required time to deliberate on what was to be done."

"What have you determined on?" said Madeline as they entered the dressing-room, and closed the door.

"On parting," replied he, in an accent of the deepest sorrow.

"On parting!" repeated Madeline, stepping back, and looking wildly at him.

"Yes; to remain in the castle, would be to await quietly the fate to which D'Alembert will expose me."

"It would indeed (said Lafroy); I have no doubt but that the moment his baseness is discovered, Monsieur D'Alembert will re-


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 veal every particular he knows concerning you: and I am sorry to say, from my knowledge of the Marquis's disposition, I am sure he will admit of no circumstance as a palliation of the murder of Lord Philippe."

Madeline shuddered at the word murder, and involuntarily averted her head from Lafroy.

"Murder sounds harshly in my daughter's ears," cried St. Julian in rather a resentful tone.

"I beg your pardon, my Lord (said Lafroy), for having spoken unguardedly; nothing, I can assure your Lordship, would distress me so much as to offend or give pain to either you or Lady Madeline; 'tis my most ardent wish to serve you both."

"And whither (cried Madeline, turning to her father), Oh! whither, if you quit this castle, can you betake yourself?"

"With the most wild and romantic solitudes of the Alps I am well acquainted


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 (said he), and amongst them I mean to seek a shelter."

"The holy man, who was so kind to my mother and her unfortunate family, may then again befriend you," cried she.

"Alas! (exclaimed St. Julian) he is gone long since to receive the blessed reward his virtues merited: about eight years ago I was assured of his death by the termination of our correspondence."

"Oh! my father (cried Madeline, grasping his arm), may I not accompany you?"

"Lord! my Lady (exclaimed Lafroy), surely you could not think of such a thing; surely you could not think of abandoning all prospect of rank and independence?"

"Yes, (replied Madeline); to have the power of mitigating a father's distresses, I would abandon every prospect this world could present."

"But by accompanying him you would rather increase than mitigate his distresses. Situations which, on his own account, he would not mind, he would then tremble


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 at on your's. Besides, you would retard the expedition it is necessary for him to make, and prevent his exploring the places best calculated for affording him an asylum."

"What reason can be assigned, what excuse offered to the Marquis for his quitting the castle, clandestinely quitting it," demanded Madeline.

"He must write a letter to the Marquis (resumed Lafroy), to be delivered the day after his departure, informing him that the misfortunes of his early life had given him such a distaste to society, that he had formed the resolution of renouncing the world; a resolution which, for fear of opposition, he would not acquaint him with till he had put it into execution."

"But when he finds, as no doubt from D'Alembert he will, that this was not his real motive for quitting the castle, how—how (cried Madeline), shall I be able to support his reproaches?"

"You must summon all your resolution to your aid (said Lafroy), and brave the


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 storm from a certainty of having it soon over. The Marquis is old; he cannot punish you for an action committed by your father; and, after his death, if the Count is still compelled to seclude himself from a fear of the connexions of Lord Philippe, you may visit him without control."

"Well (said Madeline), I will exert myself; and, confiding my father to the mercy of a God whom he never wilfully offended, look forward to happier days. When must we part?" cried she, turning to St. Julian, who had thrown himself upon a sofa.

"To-night," replied he in a melancholy voice.

"To-night!" repeated Madeline.

"He must go while the coast is clear (said Lafroy); you know Monsieur D'Alembert's son is now shortly expected; and were he and his numerous retinue of servants once arrived, it would be impossible for my Lord the Count to escape without observation."

"Was it from a servant of young D'Alembert's I received the letter?"


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 "Yes, from an old confidential servant, well acquainted, no doubt, as he himself has said, with the villainy of his master."

"How does my father travel? (asked Madeline), or how, or by whose means am I to hear from him? for except I do hear, I shall be distracted."

"It shall be my care to settle every thing to his satisfaction and your's (said Lafroy): as soon as it is dark, I will conduct him to the house of a friend I can rely upon, a little beyond the forest, from whence he can procure a conveyance to the Alps, and to which his letters can be directed; by the same channel too you can forward your's, and also remit any supply of money he may want."

"Your ingenuity has obviated all our difficulties (said St. Julian, rising from the sofa). I trust I may yet have power to reward you, my good friend, for your zeal and fidelity; but if not, my beloved child will, I am convinced, readily pay off any debt of gratitude I may incur."


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 reading the exorcisms from his book. The Marquis now stepped before the pulpit, asking the priest what his strange behaviour meant, if he was in his senses, or had lost his understanding? Yet he remained some time longer in his error; and recollecting, at length, the voice of his master, was seized with amazement, and gave us a brief account of his transactions. The Marquis then begged him to go home, and we hastened to assist the poor Chevalier.

"We were struck with terror on perceiving not the least sign of life in him. His pulse ceased to beat, and the Marquis repented already the whole affair, thinking to have carried the jest rather too far, when the poor fellow, at once, opened his eyes to our greatest joy. Yet he still fancied to be in the power of spirits, and cried aloud for assistance. We scarcely could convince him that we were human beings, and come in quest of him. He now was carried to the castle, and put to bed; having

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the weary devotees proceeded on their way for five long weeks, and the bast-shoes with which their women-folk had provided them were already worn out and they had been obliged to buy new ones. At length they reached the land of the Little Russians (Khokholy). While on their journey they had been compelled to pay for their food and lodging, but on reaching Little Russia they found things quite different. Here they were invited by various persons to become their guests, and for this generous hospitality the people refused to accept any recompense from the travellers; on the contrary, they provided them with a liberal supply of bread and cakes, which they put in their sacks for use on their journey.

Thus the old men travelled a distance of seven


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 Rh hundred versts through Little Russia, their trip much brightened by the hospitality of the people. Passing through another province, they reached a point where the soil was less fertile and the people very poor. While the travellers were given a night's lodging free of charge, they were unable to provide themselves with food, even when they offered to pay for it. They were obliged to listen to many tales concerning the failure of the previous year's crops and the number of rich men who had been ruined and compelled to sell all they possessed, while those of moderate means were left quite destitute. The very poor had been compelled to leave the country altogether, many of them becoming beggars on the roads. In the winter they had nothing to eat but husks of corn and pigweed.

On reaching the next town the old men succeeded in buying fifteen pounds of bread. Rising before daylight in the morning, they proceeded on their way, in an effort to cover as


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92 much ground as possible before the sun became hot. After ten versts' travel they came to a small river, on the bank of which they sat down. Procuring a few cupfuls of water, they prepared breakfast, after which they changed their bast-shoes and lay down to rest.

As they did this, however, Elissey produced his snuff, and Euthymus, seeing him taking a pinch, shook his head reprovingly and said:

"So you cannot give up that sinful habit?"

"Well," replied Elissey, waving his hand deprecatingly, "the sin overpowers me, and what can I do?"

At length they arose and continued their journey for a distance of ten versts more, and they had passed through a large village when the sun became very hot. Although Elissey was quite fatigued and desired some rest and refreshment, Euthymus would not stop. As the latter was the stronger and better walker of the two, his companion found it very difficult to keep up with him.


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 Rh "I must have a drink," said Elissey.

"Well," said Euthymus, "you may go and get it. I do not want any."

"All right; you need not wait for me. I will be gone only a few minutes, and will overtake you on the road."

"Very well," said Euthymus; and he continued on his way alone, while Elissey turned toward a peasant's house near by.

As the latter approached the house, he saw that it was a low, white-washed structure resting on a black clay foundation. The white-wash had nearly all disappeared before the ravages of storm and time, giving the house a very dingy aspect. The roof slanted from the front to the rear of the building, the entrance to which was through a small yard, where Elissey had now arrived. Looking behind a pile of wood, he saw lying there a beardless man, who was attired in only a thin shirt and under-pants, the usual negligé costume of the Little Russians. The man appeared as if he had lain there all


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 94 night, for the sun was now high and shining directly in his face; but it was evident that he was not asleep. When Elissey called him and asked for a drink the man did not reply.

"He is either sick or very unkind," thought Elissey, as he moved toward the door. Within he heard loud crying, as of children in distress. Knocking at the door, he shouted:

"Friends!"

To this salutation he received no response. Again knocking, he cried out:

"Christians!"

Still no reply was given, when he knocked a third time and exclaimed:

"God's servants!"

Receiving, no answer, Elissey determined to leave the place at once, but as he turned to go he heard painful moans behind the door.

"I had better remain," he said to himself; "plainly some misfortune has befallen these people. I must investigate."

And he proceeded to enter the room,


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turned the knob and entered the vestibule, where he found the door of the room wide open. On the left side of the apartment was the oven, and directly opposite the visitor was the "sacred corner," which contained the holy pictures. In the centre of the room was a table, and behind it stood a bench, on which sat an old woman with hair unkempt resting her head upon the table. By her side was an emaciated little boy, who was catching the woman's sleeve and pleading piteously that she would give him something.

When Elissey entered the room he found the air very oppressive. On a bed by the stove lay another woman prone upon her face. She did not even look up and seemed to be suffering intensely. She turned restlessly from side to


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text: The Commonweal/Volume 1/Number 2/The Industrial Remuneration Conference


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 96 side, and as Elissey approached the couch the air of the room became still more offensive. Finally she raised her head and gazed helplessly at the intruder.

"What do you want?" she asked, at last. "We have nothing left, my dear man."

Elissey understood what she meant, and approaching her kindly said:

"I am but a servant of God, and I came here only for a drink."

"Godfather," replied the woman, "there is nothing in the house, and you may therefore go your way."

"Is there no well person here," asked Elissey, "to care for a sick woman?"

"We are all sick," replied the woman. "A man is dying in the yard, and we in the house."

On seeing a stranger, the boy stopped crying: but as soon as the old woman began to speak he again caught her by the sleeve, pleading:

"Bread! My grandma, give me bread!"

And the boy cried bitterly.


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Rh As Elissey was about to question the old woman, the peasant from the yard entered the room and passed toward the wall, intending to take a seat on the bench. Having too little strength to reach it, however, he fell prostrate on the floor. He did not attempt to rise, and while in that position he tried to speak, but his breath only came in gasps. He finally managed to utter: "Sickness—and—hunger"

After a pause he nodded with his head toward the boy and gasped:

"He—he is dying—from hunger!"

Then he began to cry like a child.

Taking the sack from his shoulders, Elissey threw it upon the floor. Then lifting it to the bench, he proceeded to open it. Taking out a loaf of bread and a knife, he cut some slices, which he offered to the man. The latter refused the proffered gift, however, pointing instead to the boy and a little girl (who had just appeared on the scene), as if to say, "They have more need of it than I."


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 98 Elissey moved in the direction of the boy, when the child sprang forward and snatched the food violently from his hand, devouring it like a hungry wolf. The girl, who had come from the oven, looked longingly at the bread, and Elissey gave some to her also. Cutting another slice, he handed it to the woman who sat by the table, and, eating it ravenously, she said:

"Water! Give us water! Our tongues are parched! I went to-day—or yesterday, I don't remember—to bring a pail of water, but fell exhausted on the way to the well. I left the pail, for I was unable to carry it; and perhaps some one has taken it away."

After some difficulty Elissey learned the location of the well and proceeded thither. He found the pail, and filling it with water he returned to the house, giving each of the starving people a drink. The children ate some more bread, and on receiving some water the woman did likewise.


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 Rh The woman on the bed, to whom Elissey had first spoken, was still unable to rise. She did not regain consciousness, but continued to toss to and fro upon the couch.

The "good Samaritan" then went to the village store, where he bought a supply of wheat, salt, flour, and oil. Returning to the miserable home, he found an axe and proceeded to chop some wood, after which he built a fire under the oven, the little girl helping him as best she could. Elissey then prepared soup and gruel, with which he fed the starving people.


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 An Unexplored Corner of Pahang.

The Pahang River, as most people interested in Pahang affairs know, is the great artery which serves to keep Ulu Pahang in touch with the outer world.

Up it in large numbers, pass the Malay and (of late) Chinese boats, laden with supplies for the shops of Kuala Lipis, Punjom and Silensing, machinery for the mines, and from time to time those Europeans, whose business takes them into the Ulu.

From the main stream, branch off tributaries almost as large as the parent river, to the left the Semantan, up which most of the heavy stores and machinery for the mine and town of Raub passes, and which with its tributaries taps a large belt of country, including the Bentong tin bearing district.

Two or three days farther poling and the Tembeling goes off to the right, at the Kuala of which is situated the grave of the late E. A. Wise, who was unfortunately killed in the attack on Jeram Ampai stockade. He was a young man of great promise, a favourite with both Europeans and natives, and adds one more to the list of bright young fellows who have died in foreign lands on her Majesty's Service.

It was up the Tembeling that Baron Miklucho Maklay, one of the earliest Pahang explorers, made his way over into Kelantan, and from there down the Kelantan River to Kota Bahru, the capital of Kelantan.

That gentleman, whom I had the pleasure of meeting many years ago in Queensland, devoted his life and large income to exploring, and making an ethnological collection.

When I met him in Queensland, he was in quest of the skulls of a hairless tribe of natives, said to have been met with

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 in the "Back country," and he also succeeded in obtaining the skull of a notorious aboriginal outlaw, who had been recently executed. I remember he was particularly keen on this skull, as it was said to possess some abnormal measurements. An account of Baron Maklay's trip through Pahang, with copious notes on Sakei Ethnology, will be found in one of the early "Transactions" of the Straits Asiatic Society.

From beyond Kuala Tembeling, the Pahang River takes the name of the Julai, The Lipis River branches off to the left at the town of that name, and some ten miles up is the landing for the Punjom Mine, while up towards its Ulu, it divides into many separate streams, chief among which are the Wong and the Semantan Ulu, which latter is formed by the united streams of the Simpam and Siang, from the former of which Raub Mine is taking its electric power, and on the latter the Liang Coffee Concession is situated.

From Kuala Lipis to Kuala Medang, the farthest point of European enterprise on the Jelai, is about 25 miles, and midway between Kuala Lipis and there, the Telang river comes in on the left, and is utilised by the No. 2 Concession of the M. P. Exploration Co. for getting supplies up to their property. It is only navigable for boats however, and villages are few and far between A couple of miles farther up the Jelai, the Tanom comes in on the right, close to the residence of the Toh Rajal of Jelai. A great deal of alluvial gold working has been done in former times some distance up this river, in fact it was important enough at one time to have a "Kapitan China," but no reefs have been found.

Kuala Medang is the landing for the Silersing mines, and the last point of European settlement on the Jelai, in fact the Europeans who have been higher up than that, can he counted on one's fingers. The Medang, from which the landing takes its name, is merely a dirty little creek that would not float a boat. Like most of these places, it has its own legend, which was told me in all seriousness by an old Malay. Questioning him as to how the place came to be named Kuala Medang, he explained that a very long time ago, when it was flourishing Malay village, a man lived there who had a boat

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 made of Medang timber. This man was fortunate enough to kill a Dragon, of which according to him there was only very limited supply even then. He skinned it, and nailed the skin as a sort of sheathing round his boat, which had the effect of vastly increasing its speed so that a trip to Pekan and back, which in these effete times takes about a month, used to be accomplished in 24 hours. This lasted for some time, but one night, lying at anchor, the boat sank, and could never afterwards be found. It also seems that shortly after this, a close season was proclaimed for Dragons, and no more skins could be obtained, which was unfortunate, to say the least of it.

About half an hour's poling above Kuala Medang, the dismemberment of the Jelai begins, the Anak Jelai as it is called going off to the left, taking a S. W. course. A little farther up, the main stream divides again, the Seran going to the right or N. E., and the Telom going straight on or about due North. The Telom is much the larger stream of the three, and under ordinary conditions should still retain the name of Jelai. According to my ancient Malay friend, however, when the prehistoric geographers were naming these rivers, some little discussion arose among them as to which of the three should retain the name of Jelai, and to settle the matter they decided to weigh a given quantity of water from each, and the water from the left hand branch proving the heaviest, it retained the name. The Seran, from where it branches off to the right, keeps a pretty general N. E bearing for a day and a half's poling, when Kuala Besi is reached. Then it divides again, the Seran keeping about its old course, while Sungei Besi bears slightly west of, north, and its bead waters get round very close to the head waters of the Telom. The Seran forms the highway to Kelantan and hundreds of Kelantan coolies pass up and down to work at the Silensing mines, there being a short day's tramp after leaving navigable water to get over the Dinding Range.

So far, I can only learn of three Europeans who have been over that route, and none who prior to my trip had been up Sungei Besi.

From the junction of the Telom and Seran up to Kuala

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 Besi, there are a few Malay houses at long intervals, but above that there are none whatever, the whole of it being Sakei country. There is evidence however of ancient native settlement on a large scale, as there are groves of Durian and other fruit trees, now grown to the size of the other jungle trees, where doubtless the villages originally stood. None of the Malays of the present day seem to have any idea as to who were the ancient inhabitants, or what was the cause of the exodus. It is also a noticeable fact that above Kuala Besi the names of rivers, mountains, etc., are all Sakei. The land on each side of the Seran is of much better quality than the general run of land in Pahang, and tha paucity of settlements on it is remarkable.

About 8 hours poling above Kuala Besi, and toiling along slowly in a boat, against a rather rapid current, a huge masa of what I at first took to be smoke or fog loomed up among the trees on the right bank. To my surprise on getting closer. I I found it to be a huge isolated Tor of limestone, fully 400 feet high, the face of the cliff being quite perpendicular and snowy white. I then remembered that on one occasion, looking from the top of a high hill near the Silensing mine with a strong pair of glasses, we had made out a huge white mass in that direction, and many were our conjectures as to what it could be. Here was the mystery solved! About 50 feet up from the face of the cliff, I found a cave open to the front, capable of holding two to three hundred people, which is used as a camping ground by the Sakeis when out hunting, the limestone being blackened by the camp-fires of ages.

The sight of this vast natural monument, so different to the ordinary monotony of the Pabang jungle, was so absorbing, that it was long ere I could leave it. There is a similar cliff at the upstream end of the Tor, so that the view whether going up or down stream, is equally grand, and deep were my regrets that I had left my camera at home, and so could not get some photographs of it. The native name of this cliff is Gua Bumit.

About two hours' poling above that, a small stream, called Sungei Chok, comes in on the right bank, and there navigation ceases, or at least ought to, for to take a boat farther up,

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 is chiefly labour and sorrow, at least as far as coolies are concerned. Sungei Chok is not possible for a boat, but a day's jungle tramp (say about 20 miles) towards its Ulu, brings one to another limestone pile, of much greater dimensions. Its name is Gus Senoorat, it is from 1,500 to 2,000 feet high, and has a cave at its base capable of holding a couple of thousand people.

Doubtless in the fulness of time, when Kuala Lipis becomes the seat of Government and Europeans become more plentiful in the Ulu, these huge natural monuments will be more closely examined, but it will always be a source of satisfaction to feel that I was the first European to gaze upon them. What millions of years must have elapsed and what mighty changes must geologically speaking have occurred, since those huge beds were laid down in the ocean, and then slowly eroded and dissolved by the carbonic acid of the fresh water, after the ocean retreated, leaving only these isolated pinnacles to speak of what was once a continuous bed of limestone. The decomposition of this limestone doubtless has much to say for the better quality of the land on the Seran, of which I made mention earlier.

Leaving Kuala Chok, two hours poling brings one to Jeram Rimau, and though it is possible to drag an empty boat through it as I did, still future travellers would be well advised to make a camp, and leave their boat below it, and do any further travelling towards the Ulu on foot, for a short distance above the Jeram the river divides again into two streams which are both very shallow.

The right hand branch is still Sungei Besi, and the left hand one Sungei Wur, the waters of which I find almost join the head waters of the Telom, heading from opposite sides of the same spur. One day's tramp up either of these streams, brings one to the base of the main dividing range, on the other side of which is Kelantan.

After having my boat dragged through, and my baggage carried round the Jeram, 1 found it impossible to take the boat farther, and so made a camp at the junction of the two streams.

On the left bank of Jeram Rimau is a mountain fully 1,000 feet high, which the natives call Bukit Guroh, and to

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 which all sorts of legends appertain. It is chiefly a mass of huge rocks, and the Sakeis of that locality have a record of over 60 of their tribe who have been killed by tigers on it. The evening I camped there, a Sakei, who formed one of my party, went about 150 yards below the camp to fish, and while so engaged a tiger came out of the jungle at the base of the mountain and sat on a rock about 50 yards away. The Sakei abandoned his fishing lines and made for the camp yelling, and the tiger went back into the jungle. As a precautionary measure, I had a large fire built and kept going all night.

Next day, leaving a couple of coolies in charge of the camp, I tramped about ten miles up Sungei Besi, and came to a large Sakei clearing on a right hand branch known as Sungei Seringat.

The whole party were away on a bunting expedition to Ulu Telom, but I learned there were ordinarily about 50 of them lived there, and we occupied their houses for the night. The only thing worthy of note to be seen in them, was a string of jawbones, with the teeth intact, of several dozen monkeys in each house, hung up in the smoke above the fireplace. There were all sizes and kindly, and it is evident the Sakei when hungry spares neither age nor sex of the monkey tribe. Every monkey they kill and eat, they add his jawbone to the string, and when they are unsuccessful in hunting it is said they derive great satisfaction from gazing at and thinking over these mementos of former repasts. They have a clearing of a good many acres at Kuala Seringat, planted with plantains and paddy, and would seem to have been there for several years.

There is said to be tin in the streams farther on, close to the base of the dividing range, which is probably the case, but neither Malays or Chinese care to venture so far by themselves, as the Sakeis are said to be wicked, while the cost of getting supplies would be great, and the area is also probably limited.

From one of the hills at the Sakei clearing, a magnificent view was obtained of the limestone mountain, Gua Senoorat, distant about 20 miles. There would seem to be a large belt of

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 nearly flat country between Sungei Besi and Sungei Seran, as this mountain stands up as it were alone. Having seen all I wished to see in that locality, I came back to my camp at Kuala Wur, and had my boats and baggage taken below the Jeram, and there stayed the night. There was a rise of several feet in the river that night, and next day we came down to Kuala Besi at racing speed, doing in six hours, what it had taken us three days to go up.

I stayed the night at the house of an old Malay friend named Johor, and sitting chatting with him far into the night, he gave me the details of a tragedy which happened in his younger days, which, had a European been the chief actor, would have been cabled all over the world. Johor is now an old man, his wife is an old woman, and the two children who as infants took au unconscious part in the tragedy I speak of, are now a fine young man and woman, the son recently married and the daughter about to be, but both Johor and his wife still carry on their bodies the marks of the affray of which I speak. It took place some 20 odd years ago, and Johor, his wife and two young children were at that time living at Kuala Seran, i. e., where the Telom and Seran, as I before explained, divide, and go in separate directions.

It was just after the Perak war, and one day, Johor was sitting in his house preparing a quid of betel, his wife plaiting a mat, and his two children sitting on the floor playing. Simultaneously two men appeared armed with spear and kris, one at the front and one at the back door. The one at the back door remained on the ground, while the one in front, mounted the three or four ladder-like steps into the house and made a vicious stab at Johor with his spear, which he in the act of rising managed to ward off. Failing in this the stranger reversed the spear, and dealt him a smashing blow across the head, with the heavy petaling wood handle. Half blinded by the blood which poured down over his face Johor seized the spear, and a desperate struggle ensued. Finding he could not wrench it away, the stranger drew his kris and tried to stab him, but be warded off the stabs as best he could with his arms, at the same time with his feet pushing the children away out of danger.

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 His wife attempting to assist him, seized the blade of the kris, and she showed me the two fingers, minus the tops, where it was dragged through her hands. Johor has the mark where his scalp was laid open by the blow from the spear, while his arms are scored with the marks of the cuts he received in warding off the stabs. Suddenly be bethought him of the Tumboh Lada (small dagger) in his belt, and drawing it be thrust it into the bowels of his assailant, who fell dying. All this though it takes some time to write, took place very quickly, and the man at the back door, who had been simply gazing at the struggle, on seeing his friend fall, rushed in. Johor seized his gun, which was standing loaded against the wall, but before he could get it up to fire, the stranger seized the muzzle, and a fierce struggle ensued for the possession of it. With a quick suatch however, Johor succeeded in dragging it from him, and shot him through the stomach, and killed him also. "Allah Tuan," said Johor, "Habis t'lahi rumah saya, macham orang potong kribau".

Asking him why this attack was made on him, he explained that these men were relatives of one of the Perak Rajahs, who had taken an active part in the war there, and were fleeing from the wrath to come, to Kelantan. They had crossed over from Perak, and made their way down the Telom, and being hard up, and hearing that Johor owned a couple of guns, they made up their minds to kill him, steal his guns and boat, and take his wife and children to sell for slaves in Kelantan, The next day, coming down to Kuala Medang, I was shown the place when the bouse originally stood, in which this affair took place.

W. Bertrand Roberts.

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 In a low laughing whisper. This, and sound Of strongly moving oars; all else was silence. But in the silence lay a queen and smiled. She seemed to come more swiftly than the barge, And there were lights of jewels on her robe, And sheen of gold along its heavy edge, And a great ruby burned amidst her hair; But none of this saw Creon, for he gazed Until his painful grip upon the bow Roused his whole nature with a sudden thought. He felt the bow fit safe against his palm, And rose—and drew. Loud twanged the angry string, And the shaft hissed and struck the wood before Her very feet.

What noise fed echo then He heeded not, but only saw her shrink One instant back, then bending draw the shaft. But when a boat thick filled with shouting men Moved from the barge and hastened towards the bank, He tore a great rock from the sand, and poised. "What errand?" cried he, in a voice that made A mellow thunder through the evening. "Death!" they made answer, yet they held aback.

Giant their stature was, and he could see Their bared swords waver through the dark, but when Up-looking they beheld how Creon stood, The great rock straining in his hands, they stayed Their oars, and even their voices fell low down.


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Then she: "Art thou so loose with life and death, O Slave?" "Slave though I am," cried he, "thou standest here A simple woman, I a man!"

And first Her eyes shone threatening and her hands clenched tight, But after came a little wondering smile: "Truly thou art different from other men, For many others woo me with great gifts, And promised kingdoms, and an empire's wealth, Nor ever angry word, nor ever threat! But hast thou joined the hands of death and love?"

And Creon answered: "Others offer gifts, Homage of Empires; I am awed no whit, Who place against their gifts and Empire's wealth Myself!"

Then she: "How darest thou to speak Of love who never till this day placed eyes On mine?"

And Creon said: "Wouldst thou give space To love, straighten his kingdom by the bounds Of time? Hast thou no sudden passions in Thy heart; passions that of themselves are rule And right? That have no need of reason for The frowth, nor any need of words to give


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16 League, to thank them for their sympathy with our work and their confidence in our principles, and, above all, for putting into practice the old precept: “Proletarians of all countries, unite!” Author:Eleanor Marx-Aveling.

When there arise differences of opinion on matters of principle between fellow-workers, a split is as necessary as it is unpleasant. The energy of the workers is only weakened by such differences in opinion, and any real work rendered impossible; and clearness and definiteness of aim, the uncompromising enunciation of principles, alone are sure of success with the masses. On these grounds I hail with pleasure the fact that the members of the S.L. have freed themselves from all organisations that, on account of vagueness of ideas and indefiniteness of aims, can but harm the cause of revolutionary Socialism—and any other Socialism is a contradiction in itself. I hope and trust the S.L. will at last succeed in creating a movement in England, economically the most developed country in the world, and therefore well prepared for the reception of our ideas. Socialists of all lands are deeply interested in such a result. As Lassalle in his day could with truth say of Germany, that with a great Socialist movement in Berlin the Socialist movement in Germany would become irresistible, so International Socialism may say with regard to England: if England is gained to us, our way through the whole civilised world is won. Hence you have before you a great and most important field for active work, and I hope in the interest of us all you will succeed in cultivating it. Of our sympathy and goodwill you may be sure.—With hearty greeting. yours,Planen-Dresden, Feb. 16, 1885.

I am proud of having been invited to contribute to the Commonweal; I consider it my duty to help you as far as I am able. Nobody knows better than myself the difficulties that are in your way, but nobody knows better also that England, in consequence of her high economical development, has, economically, the central position amongst the civilised states, and that the triumph of Socialism in England means the triumph of Socialism all over the world. Unfortunately I have been prevented by over-work (parliamentary and other) from sending you an article for your first number, and the same is the case with Bebel, who, like me, is most desirous of co-operating with you. As soon as we can snatch a leisure hour you may count upon us. I know you have the will to do the right thing; and where there is a will there is a way, is an English saying. The time cannot be distant when the working men of England will put their own immense power and their unparalleled organisation into the service of their own class. With Social Democratic greeting, truly yours,

I do not know whether I shall be able to write to you as often as I should like. Anyhow, if time is wanting, good-will is not. One thing I can say to you, that I hail with as much of joy as hope the formation of the Socialist League. Through your action, at last, revolutionary Communism is to have in Great Britain an organ, a flag, and men worthy of the party of revolution, free from all alliance with reactionaries, free from all Chauvinism. I hope heartily that your appeal will be heard, and that behind you the masses of the English proletariat will rally to take their place in the great struggle for political power and for the deliverance that we must with all our strength urge on, and can, if we choose, attain; to save modern society from the ruin towards which the capitalistic régime is dragging it, and by the revolutionary abolition of all privilege of all classes, to found the popular and communistic republic of equality, science and commonweal. The one thing wanting to the Socialist proletariat of Europe and America, the one thing wanting to the Revolution to declare war and to conquer, is the fellowship of England. The Socialist League promises us this, and will give it to us. No country will be nearer the goal than yours when once it wills to strain towards it. And if, despite the necessity that urges us, we move slowly, that you may hasten the ay of triumph, and, leading the way, give us the signal and the example, is the sincere wish of your devoted friend, Ville de Paris, Conseil Municipal, Feb. 14th, 1885.

I wish you good luck in your undertaking, and I shall be at your disposal for the journal.

As a disciple of Karl Marx, and an old member of the International Working Men's Association [and we may add Minister of Public Workers under the Commune] I am with all those who profess the same scientific ideas, i.e., the same principles. Presuming that the Socialist League, as well as its official organ, the Commonweal, serves to propagate the true, i.e., the Scientific Socialism, and thus to effect a revolution in the minds which, in my opinion has to be made ere the people can do away with all the existing rotten political and economical privileges—I shall be delighted to contribute to your paper as often as time and circumstances will allow.—Yours affectionately, Vienna, February 11, 1885.

Permit me in my own name, and in that of many of my Austrian fellow Socialists to express to you the sympathy we feel with the efforts of the Socialist League.

We Austrians have always felt the necessity for the international solidarity of the working classes—and for a good reason. Nowhere, probably, has the development of Social democracy been more cramped by national struggles than in Austria, whose rare national contrasts have reached a degree of intensity that, at the outside, is perhaps only to be equalled by the differences between English and Irish men. In these national struggles a great part of the attention and strength of the working classes is absorbed that would be far more advantageously spent upon the international class-struggle against capital. The Socialist movement itself is in Austria no united one. We have a German, a Bohemian, a Hungarian, a Polish, a Servian, an Italian working class movement, each independent of the other, as the means for a common understanding are wanting. Only the most earnest lessons of internationalism make it possible for the workers recognising the class struggle, on the one hand, to abstain from taking part in the national struggles and thus wasting their strength, and on the other hand to maintain if only a feeble link between the working class movements in Austria, so that they may in decisive moments act in common against the common enemy.

But there is also another matter that forces us always to bear in mind our international solidarity. We are a small party fighting a desperate battle with unequal weapons on a disadvantageous soil. This struggle would for the moment have appeared hopeless under our present political condition and in face of the small class-consciousness of Austrian workers, recruited to a great extent from backward undeveloped races. But one thing has supported us—the sense of international solidarity. However unsatisfactory conditions in Asurtia may be, when we look upon the whole European movement we can still cry “And yet it moves.”

As Austrian Social democracy we are weak and insignificant; as part of the great International Social democracy we are strong and full of import. The victories of our brethren in Russia, France, Germany, are our victories also, strengthening us also, and giving us courage to toil on in the work of emancipation of the proletariat.

Hence the development of the Social democracy in different lands is not indifferent to us, and we have long awaited the time when the motherland of capitalistic production would join the Socialistic movement. Russia and England are the two poles of modern society. When Russian absolutism shall be conquered, when the mass of English workers has been won to Socialism the last hour of Capitalism will have come. The Socialists of England do not fight for themselves, for the English working classes alone. They fight for the exploited of the whole world. The more conscious they are of this, the more resolutely they devote themselves to the thought of international solidarity, the greater will be the sympathy with which the whole proletariat will watch their struggle.

I hope you have not doubted that I am heart and soul with you and the other friends and coreligionnaires. . . . My best greetings and good wishes to all.

Yes. I will collaborate with your Commonweal as much as my time will allow me. The cause of Russian liberty quickly wins the public opinion of English-speaking people, without any distinction of class or party. All preconceived ideas are melting away before facts that every-day life brings forth. But among English Socialists—and I daresay English workmen in general—no prejudice against the Russian Revolutionary movement has ever existed. From the very beginning their sympathies were with us. And the toast proclaimed by their representatives in Paris was that of frank approbation and unconditional sympathy with Russian Socialists, struggling for the liberty of their country. I am proud of your invitation and will lose no opportunity of addressing such people. London, Feb. 19th.

If my collaboration can be of any use to your journal, I shall make it my duty to contribute to the success of an organ which has for its aim the propagation of Socialistic ideas in England. I wish every success to the Commonweal. (Messager da la Volonte du People).

When I find time, I'll send you some notes on events in our country. All that happens in England interests me very much; the economical development of that country makes it the most ripe for the accomplishment of our aims.

SCOTTISH LAND AND LABOUR LEAGUE (The Scottish Section of the Socialist League), Glasgow Branch, Albion Halls, College Street.—January 25, J. Mavor read a paper on “Poor Living and Rich Living;” Feb. 1, M. Melliet Prevot spoke on “The Solidarity of the Workers;” Feb. 8, J. B. Glasier on “Genius and Art in the Coming Socialism;” Feb. 15, Replies to recent attacks on Socialism by Professor Flint, Mr. Gosehen, and Lord Reay, by C. G. Jamieson, Glasier and Mavor; Feb. 22, a discussion on “Mr. Chamberlain and Socialism.” Membership, 55. A reading room in connexion with this branch shall be opened. The leading journals, Socialist and labour papers, and books will be supplied. Funds being needed for carrying out these objects, contributions in books or money are solicited, and will be acknowledged by the treasurer, J. Adams, 92 South Wellington Street.

LEEDS.—At a special general meeting of the members of the Leeds Branch of the Social Democratic Federation, held at the Royal Sovereign Inn, Viear Lane, on Sunday, Feb 8, the following resolution, was carried ''nem. con.;'' “That this Branch of the Social Democratic Federation be declared dissolved, and that henceforward this body be identified as the Leeds Branch of the Socialist League.” On Sunday, Feb. 15, comrades C. Reilly, Finn, Woolley, Malone, Connell and McHale, were elected to form the Committee of the Branch; Kelly, Maguire and Corpwell, treasurer and secretaries. Open-air meetings every Sunday afternoon at Vicar's Croft.

Canning Town Branch, L. E. L., 144 Barking Road. Sundays ay 7.30. 1, Robert Banner, “Social Revolution.” 8, Frank Kitz, “Rent.” 15, H. Charles, “Society versus State.” 22, C. W. Mowbray, “The Rise and Fall of the Revolutionary Movements of the Present Century.” 29, E. J. Baxter, “How Profit is Made.”

Glasgow.—1, A. K. Donald. 8, J. M. Cherrie. 15, J. Adams. 22, J. Mavor. 29, A. Scheu. At 7 p.m.

Hammersmith.—1, W. Bridges Adams, “Internationalism.” 8, Debate. 15, J. H. Watts. 22, Stewart D. Headlam. 29, H. Bernard Shaw.

Hoxton Branch, L. E. L., Academy Schools, Hoxton Street, Sundays at 8.15. 1, Frank Kitz, “Some Socialistic Experiments.” 8, C. W. Mowbray, “Why the Revolutionary Movements of 1848-9 Failed.” 15, W. J. Clark, “Divine Right.” 22, Joseph Lane, “Poverty, its Cause and Cure.” 29, J. L. Mahon, “The Meaning of the Revolution.”

Manchester.—Sundays at 7, open air meetings at the Viaduct, Chester Road, Hulme.

Manchester Square, W.—“Westmoreland Arms,” George Street. Sundays at 8. 1, Edward Aveling, “The Curse of Commercialism.” 8, William Morris, “Work, as it is and as it might be.” 8 p.m.

Merton Abbey Branch—6, Edward Aveling; 13, Wm. Morris. 20, Frank Kitz. 27, H. Charles. 7.30 p.m.

Mile End Branch, L. E. L., 110 White Horse Street, Whitechapel. Sundays at 9. 1, C. W. Mowbray, “Why the Revolutionary Movements of 1848-9 Failed.” 8, S. Mainwaring, “Society.” 15, J. L. Mahon, “The Meaning of the Revolution.” 22, Eleanor Aveling, “The Factory Acts.” 29, William Morris, “Socialism.”

Notting Hill, Magdala Castle, Blechynden Street.—1, J. C. Mahon. 8, R. Banner. 15, Edward Aveling. 22, H. Charles.

Scottish Land and Labour League.—Edinburgh City Branch, Picardy Hall, 20 Picardy Place.—6, J. Glasier, “The Prophecy of Socialism;” 13, R. Aitken, “A Plea for Laisser faire;” 20, A. Schen, “Capitalism and the Law of Population;” 27, A. J. Anderson, “Feudalism.” —Intending members please hand names to Secretary. Executive meetings after lectures. On Mondays, Wednesdays, and Saturdays the hall us open as a reading-room. The Treasurer will attend on lecture nights. The Commonweal and other literature of the Socialist League on sale.

Southwark.—Cavender's Coffee Tavern, 60 Blackman Street, Borough. Sundays at 7.45. 1, H. Charles “State Socialism, Socialism and Anarchism.” 8, Eleanor Aveling, “The Factory Acts.” 15, Frank Kits, “Some Socialistic Experiments.” 22, W. J. Clark, “The Housing of the Wage-Earning Class.” 29, Joseph Lane, “The National Loaf; Who Earns it and Who Eats it.”

Tower Hamlets Radical Club—Sunday 29, 11.30, Edward Aveling.


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dying peasant at last succeeded in eating a little food, and the old woman also ate some more, after which the boy and girl gleefully licked the plates and fell asleep in each other's arms.

The peasant and the old woman then related to Elissey how their present misfortune had been brought about.

"We have always been in moderate circumstances," they said; "but last season's crops were so very poor that when autumn came we were obliged to sell everything we had to obtain food. When all was gone, we begged from the neighbors and other good people. At first they supplied our immediate wants, but afterward refused, many of them being still willing to help us were their circumstances any better


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 Rh than our own. Besides, begging became a disgrace. We were in debt to almost every one, for we had borrowed money, flour, and bread."

"I have looked everywhere for work," said the man; "but in vain. People are offering their services for their board alone. You may work one day and be idle two. The old woman has frequently taken that girl with her to distant villages to beg, but they never receive very much, for the lack of bread is keenly felt over all this part of the country. However, we have managed thus far to keep body and soul together, in our efforts to struggle along till the time for new crops would arrive. In the spring the people ceased giving bread to beggars, and then illness overtook us, when our condition became very serious indeed. We would have food one day and be obliged to do without it for the next two days. We even started to eat grass, and my old woman became very sick and went to bed. I myself grew quite feeble, having barely sufficient power


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102 to move; and, worst of all, we had nothing to eat in the house, whereby to regain our lost strength."

"I was then left alone to struggle," said the old woman, "and without food I was quite exhausted and soon became very feeble. My little girl also grew painfully weak and was very nervous and frightened. We tried to send her to the neighbors, but she refused to go. She hid herself in a corner, and we could not get her to move. The day before yesterday a neighbor visited us, but when she saw our starving condition she turned her back and abandoned us to our fate. Her husband had left her and she was without food for her own children. Thus you found us, hoping for death to come and relieve our sufferings."

With tender pity in his heart, Elissey listened to their sad tale. He had now decided to abandon his intention of rejoining his companion that day, and he passed the night with the unfortunate peasant family. Rising early


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 Rh the next morning, Elissey went to work about the place as if he had always lived there. He assisted the old woman to knead the bread and then built a fire in the stove, after which he went with the little girl to the neighbors to buy what was necessary—and this indeed meant a great deal, for almost every needful household article was wanting. Not only all the food had been consumed, but almost every article of clothing had been disposed of. This great destitution Elissey undertook to supply with some things he had bought and others that he had made himself. In this way he spent three days with the family.

The boy soon got well, and began to play about the bench, becoming Elissey's constant companion; while the little girl also grew quite cheerful, rendering assistance in many ways. It was her custom to run after Elissey and cry out: "Didoo! Didoosiu!" ("Uncle! My dear uncle!")

The old woman recovered sufficiently to visit


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 104 her neighbors, while the peasant man began to work around the house as formerly.

The only distressful fact which remained was the continued illness of the woman in the bed. On the third day, however, she regained consciousness and asked for food. "Well," thought Elissey, "I did not expect to remain here so long. Now I think it is time for me to depart."