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 so that I feel sure that my figures as to percentages of men who do or who do not graduate are reasonably accurate.

I included in this inquiry also a question relative to the reasons which had induced the various men to leave college before graduation time. For sixty-three per cent of these men no reason was alleged, and I am not inclined to put much faith in the accuracy of the replies to the thirty-seven per cent for which reasons were given, although I include these. The men who answered the questionnaires were of necessity acquainted with only a very small number of the men concerned, since they were not in college when most of these other men were, and could know but little other than that which comes through hearsay or tradition as to the influences which induced their brothers to withdraw. Neither the records of the fraternity nor of the University ordinarily indicate why a man has withdrawn or failed to return to finish his course, so that at best it must be a matter of conjecture or of memory in drawing any conclusion as to the causes operating. Since I have known practically all these men personally to whom reference was made in the questionnaire, I am inclined to think that only general conclusions can be drawn, and that it is impossible accurately to set down percentages.


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 HALF OF COLLAR AND CUFF : MONOGRAM : NAME FOR MARKING.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Page:Peterson's Magazine 1867 b.pdf/11


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 In reply to the question as to why these men had left college before graduation, for four hundred and fourteen, or 63.2 per cent no reason was given. The reasons alleged for the two hundred and forty-one, or 36.8 per cent remaining were as follows:

As I have said before, I am not inclined to put much confidence in these last replies, excepting that the reasons alleged are usually the reasons one or another of which induce men to leave college before graduation. "To enter business" is a reason which may mean almost anything, and might with propriety be asserted of any man who following his failure to come back to college had secured a job.

A study of the table of percentages of those who graduated and of those who did not brings out a few interesting facts. The percentage of graduates is about five per cent higher than was shown by the College of Engineering, even granting that five per cent of the students of this college who did not graduate ultimately cleared up


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 their work and received their degrees. The percentages of graduates varied from 75.3 to 15.2 which is pretty wide, but is partially explained at least on account of the varying conditions in the different organizations.

The internal organization of those fraternities which had the higher percentage of graduates has also been stronger and the unity of feeling more marked than in those fraternities which occupy the lower half. My conclusions are that the fraternity that can keep up its scholarship, that can choose men with a serious definite purpose, and that by a well knit organization can hold its men together will always have a high percentage of graduates.

It will be seen that the average percentage in these twenty-three fraternities of initiates who graduate is approximately fifty. If before I had begun my investigation I had been asked whether the percentage of fraternity initiates who graduate is larger or smaller than that of men in general, I should have been inclined to believe that it is smaller. Even though the figures show that with us the percentage is larger, I am quite sure that it is not so large as it should be nor so large as it will be when the fraternities realize the importance of pledging men whose purpose it is to graduate.

I am not sure that the reasons which keep fra-


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HANDKERCHIEF CORNER: BRAIDING AND CHAIN-STITCH PATTERN.

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 ternity men from graduating are different excepting in degree, perhaps, from those which are instrumental in keeping other men from continuing in college. The percentage of fraternity men placed on probation for poor scholarship or dropped from the University is practically the same as the percentage of other men. I am sorry to admit that a somewhat larger percentage are dropped for other irregularities, but this fact may be accounted for, I believe, because, it is almost always easier to find out what a man in an organization is doing or has done than it is to find out similar facts concerning the isolated individual.

The social life of the men in the fraternity is on the whole considerably more intense than is that of the men outside, especially in a coeducational institution like a state university. The young man who associates regularly with girls is likely to fall in love, or at least he is likely to think that he has done so, and a young collegian in this state of mind seldom does much with his studies. The experience steadies and stimulates a few men to better work, but the large majority whom I have known can not attend to their books and to their love affairs at the same time. The fact that these young people do not marry—and there is little likelihood that the college man in love in the early years of his college course will marry


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 the girl who has made the impression on him—does not settle the question. The man in love is restless, dissatisfied, unlikely to stick to his work. He usually fails in some subject, becomes discouraged or dissatisfied, and does not return the next year.

Few men with us fail to graduate because of dissipations or bad habits unless the habit of loafing may be included in this list. I cannot now recall a dozen men whom I have known in fifteen years who were kept from graduation by bad habits. Young fellows may be indiscreet, they may do irregular things, but they do these irregular things so irregularly as to have very little damaging effect upon their college work. The week-end party may have its bad effects upon the character, and it no doubt does lay the foundation of objectionable habits later in life, but it has seemed to me seldom to have an immediately damaging effect upon the man's studies. It is undeniable, however, that the fraternity house is usually a comfortable place to loaf, and it is generally possible for one adept at this recreation to pick up someone at almost any hour of the day or night who will help him at the game. There are too many loafers at our fraternity houses and too little discouraging of loafing. The loafer is not always dropped from college by the authori-


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BIRD

BEAUTY.

Published by permission of SEP. WINNER & CO., 929 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia. Moderato.

VOICE.

C

GUITAR.

1. Bird 2. Com'st

Spark Of

car to

of beauty, whose bright plu thou to me in the si

les with a thou-sand dyes ; my snow-clad home to cheer,

ol, me,

Though From

Soft Dost

stern win-ter rules the skies ; the friends be- lov'd and dear ?

mage lence

thy notes, and gay thy thou bear a mes- sage

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 ties, in point of fact he is dropped only in a small percentage of cases. He is in many cases like a young friend of mine who had changed his occupation rather often during the first five years he was out of college. "What was the matter, Paul?" I asked. "Were you dismissed?" "Never but once," was his reply, "but every other time I saw it was going to happen, and I beat them to it, and resigned." A very large percentage of the loafers in college usually see what is coming to them in the future, and rather than reform they decide to quit college before they must.

I think it is fair to say that although there are in every fraternity with which I am acquainted young fellows who come from families of little means and who must themselves be self-supporting, yet on the whole the man in a fraternity has more money behind him than has the average man in college. I think it can be shown, also, that a larger percentage of fraternity men than other men expect to go back home when they leave college and go into business with their fathers or with some other member of their family. Though many fraternity men must strike out for themselves when they leave college and build up their own business or profession, there is, however, a good percentage who know that a first-rate job is waiting for them when they leave college. Though


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 the fathers of these men usually want their sons to finish a college course and get a degree, yet since not many of them have themselves had a college education they do not always feel strongly the importance of their son's finishing his work.

"My son does not have to have a college degree," the father of a twenty-year-old sophomore who wanted to quit college and get married, said to me this spring. "He's had two years of college. That's more than I ever had; and there's a good well-stocked farm waiting for him whenever he comes home." Why should a son like that stay out of agricultural affluence and matrimony in order to finish a college course? It were foolish, indeed. This financial state and general state of mind I am sure is not uncommon among parents, and I am convinced is responsible for the unfinished courses of a good many fraternity men.

A good many men, however, do leave college because of financial matters. It costs more to go to college than most people think it does. There has been an impression extant for a long time that one can live more cheaply in college than at any other place in the world. It is an error. It costs more to live in a college town than in a big city; and it costs a fraternity man more than it does a good many other men, because he lives better than they do. Some fraternity men have more


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BIRD

Soft Dost

thy notes and sweet thy thou bear a mes- sage

skies; dear?

Lay

la,

OF

Lay

lay

BEAUTY.

car to

ol, me,

la, la, la, la, la, la, la, la, la

La

la, la, la, la, la, la!

1a,

૩. Where the Southern roses blossom, By the prairie's spreading plain, I have listened to thy warbling, Charmed by the magic strain ; I have listened to thy warbling, Charmed by the magic strain、 La, la, la, etc.

Though stern win- ter rules the From the friends be-loved anl

la,

la,

la,

la,

la

la, la, la, la, la, la, la, la, la,

la,

la,

la

la!

4. Welcome for a leaf, sweet wand'rer, Thou hast plucked and borne to me, Bearing words ofjoy and gladness Mingled with sweet melody ; Bearing words of joy and gladness Mingled with sweet melody. La, la, la, etc.

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 money than others, and it is rather hard sometimes for the man with little money to live contentedly with the man who has more. Rather than economize, rather than struggle along and finish what he has undertaken, even though it demands sacrifice, a good many men quit and go to work.

Indifference drives other away. I am surprised over and over again at the lack of purpose or real interest in many men who enter college. They come because it is the thing to do, because their friends are coming, because nothing better presents itself after they have graduated from the high school. They have no special interest in books, they do not enjoy study, and they have formed no specially definite plans for their own future. Sometimes these men wake up and find an object in living and a purpose, but if their indifference continues, they usually give up the intellectual business—I can not call it a struggle—and go into something else.

The salvation of the fraternity is in the men who graduate, who have the definiteness of purpose and the willingness to work which will ensure their finishing their college course. Less society, less loafing, a more moderate expenditure of money, and a simpler method of living when this has been extravagant will keep more men in college. A good


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 many of the mistakes which fraternities make could be solved at rushing time if the fraternity would take the trouble and the time to find out a little more definitely what the purposes of the new men are. The time of the fraternity is usually wasted if the men do not stay beyond the first or second year. Accidents happen, of course, the unexpected comes to pass, and things occur which make it necessary at one time or another for every man to change his plans, but it is possible, I believe, if the facts are found out at rushing time, and if the organization of the fraternity is properly looked after and the scholarship kept up, to graduate seventy-five per cent of the initiates rather than fifty per cent as at present.


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NEEDLE-BOOK, CLOSED.

TWO CIRCLES OF THE NEEDLE-BOOK: FULL SIZE. NECK-TYE, WITH CROSS.

00000

0

PART OF NEEDLE- BOOK.

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The question of expansion is probably one of the most vital and regularly discussed questions before the general fraternity world today. It has been discussed freely at meetings of the Interfraternity Conference, and the consensus of opinion has been in favor of it. The reasons are quite obvious.

The attendance at colleges is increasing by leaps and bounds. At many institutions the attendance during the last few years has doubled. The effect of this increase has been to reduce the percentage of undergraduates who could belong to fraternities, for the increase in the number of fraternities has not, in any way, kept pace with the increase in the number of students.

Most young men like to belong to a college organization. A good many of them feel, perhaps, as the freshman did to whom I was talking not long ago. "I don't give a damn to belong," he said, "but I would like to be asked." And with the increasing number of students in our colleges the percentage of men who can be asked is growing smaller and smaller.

It is interesting to note that the opposition to fraternities which has sprung up all over the country and the talk against fraternities is not led by men who have belonged to fraternities in any case


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 so far as I know; but by men who have been outside of the membership, and this is likely to continue to be so. As we increase the number of chapters of fraternities we reduce the strength of the opposition to them.

The Interfraternity Conference has recognized all these facts. At a recent meeting it appointed a special committee, whose work should be to encourage expansion in fraternities already organized, to investigate institutions where it would be advantageous to have more fraternities, and to encourage the organization of new national fraternities. All this is to be done with the hope that it will result in benefit to fraternities now existing.

Echoes have come to me from the various fraternity conventions held lately, through the reports of delegates from chapters at my own institution, of the discussion which took place at these meetings concerning expansion. There was much said that was unfavorable. Judging from the remarks which took place in my own convention upon this pertinent topic, I infer that what was said was often both interesting and personal. Many undergraduates oppose expansion, and it is the undergraduate who largely decides fraternity policies. But the undergraduate seldom keeps himself informed upon general fraternity conditions. His vision is limited; he sees very little


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 beyond his own chapter. He usually knows little about his own fraternity chapters, and he knows still less about others. The larger fraternity problems he seldom grasps or considers seriously, and his arguments are superficial and not always based on facts.

He calls attention to the rapidity with which the roll of chapters has increased within the last ten years; he enumerates the chapters which have been installed since he awoke to the fact that Greek-letter fraternities existed; and he begs with all the dramatic art and fervor gained in a college class of public speaking (I taught public speaking once) that we give our serious attention to internal development and build up the chapters we now have before we add further to our list. "Strengthen those we have," he says "before adding more." His inference is that as we add to our list of chapters we weaken those we already have and that the increase in numbers is likely to result in less efficient internal organization.

This sounds well and it is in favor with the boys, but it is bunk. Internal organization of fraternities is better now than it ever was before. It is only within recent years that there has been anything worthy of the name of internal organization in fraternity management. Traveling secretaries, district or province managers, the regular


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 visitation and supervision of chapters, was a thing unheard of or thought of until long after I became a member of a fraternity. It was impossible, in fact, for the fraternity did not have money enough to finance such a project. While the number of chapters in each fraternity was kept small there was little or nothing to hold them together. There was no supervision and no unity. Fraternity organization was of the loosest kind. The effort to build up individual chapters and the binding together of each fraternity into a unified whole has come much faster than has expansion, and our newest chapters are the most influenced by it. It is very difficult to get the oldest chapters in any fraternity to realize that their organization is a national one and that they must conform to national regulations, that they must submit reports, that they must yield to control and obey regulations; it has not been the tradition for them to do so. Newly organized chapters do not feel so. It cannot, therefore, be shown that increase in numbers has weakened organization or is likely to weaken it. Quite the opposite effect has resulted. If the fraternity roll has increased in numbers, fraternities generally have developed closer supervision, better organization and control, and a closer unification.

The statement is made that our newest chapters


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 are our weakest chapters. From what I know of Alpha Tau Omega and from what I have observed of other fraternities, this is not true. It is more often the oldest chapter which has developed the least business sense, which fits the least easily into the organization, which most often fails to appreciate the fact that the fraternity is a national organization and not a local club, which knows the least about the fraternity as a whole. My experience has been that our new chapters have got to a wonderful degree the spirit of the fraternity. They understand its organization, they appreciate its ideals. I have only to go back to the last two Congresses to which I was a delegate to find abundant illustration of these facts. What is true of my own fraternity is true of others. The Secretary of Delta Kappa Epsilon admitted to me not long ago that next to his own chapter the strongest chapter in his fraternity was organized only recently. I have had the same admissions from the officers of other conservative fraternities. They agree with me that their new chapters are not their weak ones, either in the institutions in which they exist or in the fraternity at large.

It is argued also, by those who plead for culture, that when we expand into the West, especially into the agricultural colleges in the West, we leave culture and refinement behind us. We take


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 DESIGNS

FOR

NECK

VELVETS.

BY MRS. JANE WEAVER.

MATERIALS .-Narrow black or colored vel- then ornament with jet, pearl, steel, or gold beads ; or a combination of two, following the vet; some cardboard and beads. Cut the star or cross out of cardboard ; cover designs given. with velvet the same color as the neck-piece ;

HANDKERCHIEF

CORNER.

D P

5

75

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 into our brotherhood, they argue, "The uncouth, barbaristic, low-browed denizens of the mountains and manicurists of the corral." I suppose it was once true that we were justified in thinking that those who came from the farm or from the west might be expected to be crude and uncultivated, with little appreciation of the finer things of life. I myself was born in Illinois and I came from the farm. But it is not so today. The farmer travels, he reads, he has all the accessories of civilization, as he once did not have, and he takes advantage of them. The westerner may not go to Europe so often as the man from the Atlantic coast, but he has traveled more, he has been in more states of our union, and he knows more about the people and the customs of his own country than does the New Englander. The crudest, most bucolic hayseed in college today does not come from the farm, but from New York, and Boston, and St. Louis, and Chicago. It is the city and not the country that breeds crudity and bad manners. If you will study your own college community and your own fraternty, you will agree with me.

I have visited within the past three years a considerable number of western colleges and I have seen the agricultural students of Washington and Oregon and Iowa and other state on either side of the Rocky Mountains. The student in the Liberal


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 EDITOR'S EDITORIAL CHIT - CHAT. • FEATHER-WORK.- The fashion of feather-trimming, which lately came into use, has come to be very popular. This kind of trimming is quite easy to make, and a few hints about it may not be unwelcome. In the country, any amount of feather-pickings may be had from the farmyards ; but even in the city, plenty of feathers may be obtained with the aid of the cook. It is best, if you can, to work in a room without a carpet as it is difficult to prevent the feathers and down from flying about. Always keep your feathers in a large, flat box, so that you can see and sort them without taking more out than you require at the moment. The way to fix them is to tack them on to a piece of ribbon or braid : the former is the stronger. The feathers should be arranged so that the tips cross each other, and the stitches run through the center so as to cross the crossed tips ; and these should be hidden by the plumage of each succeeding feather. The feathers should be wider than the ribbon, which is only intended for the foundation. White feathers mixed with partridge's look very well together ; the one gives a lightness, and the other a richness, to the appearance, which is very effective. For day-wear we would suggest black ribbon being used, and for white feather-trimming, white ribbon. The width of the ribbon would, of course, be in accordance with the width of the trimming. Every feather should have a separate stitch, to keep it firm and in its place ; and then the two crossed feathers should have another stitch, as a sort of finishing security. Yards of trimming may be made in this way, and it is such easy and agreeable work. We have seen very pretty white evening-dresses trimmed with white feathers in this way, manufactured by the wearers. Round the top of a dress and a peplum, or tunic, the effect is singularly light and elegant. A black velvet hat, trimmed with either white or variegated feathers, is very pretty and becoming. We have also seen black velvet and plush muffs ornamented in a similar manner, children's little jackets and pelisses , as well as parasols of every hue and description, tops of gloves and gauntlets, etc. Novelties in dress are very charming, and sometimes rare to obtain, particularly in the country, far away from town ; but by this work a great many novelties and pretty additions to a lady's toilet may be obtained, and by means of personal taste and very little trouble. We will now speak of another way of working with feathers-namely, with gum. The most beautiful screens may be made in this way, especially small hand-screens for the mantle-piece. First get a foundation of the shape required, and cover the back with colored silk; then, when you have sorted and chosen your feathers, (and we should advise white ones for this kind of work,) dip the tip of every one in very strong liquid gum, and fix it to the frame. Arrange the feathers in a circle, commencing from the edge, and so filling up toward the center. This, when finished, has a lovely effect, and looks like a mass of white down. A bird, fastened in the center of the screen by a stitch or several stout pins, is a great improvement, and by using dye any common bird may be made to look like a rare foreign one. The dye may be bought at any drugstore. A handsome butterfly, nestling in the mass of feathers, looks light and pretty. Sometimes the lining, at the back of the screen, is sewn on after the feathers are dry and fixed, in case of the liquid gum penetrating, and so soiling the silk; but this is rather tiresome work, and 76

TABLE. requires very cool, delicate fingering, for fear of ruffling the feathers. We have seen pen-wipers arranged in the same way with equal success. For fancy bazaars these things sell wonderfully well, and are a very great ornament to a stall, as well as to a room. Mats for the table may be covered in the same way, with a round, bare space left in the center for an ornament to stand on : and many other things which the taste and imagination of the worker may suggest. Though this work is essentially for ladies' fingers, we have found it very popular with boys, who naturally take an interest in birds, and anything connected with them ; and several beautiful articles, which sold for very high prices at a recent fancy fair, were manufactured by boys during their holidays. TAKE CARE OF YOUR WATCH.-Wind your watch as nearly as possible at the same hour every day. Be careful that your key is in good condition, as there is much danger of injuring the machine when the key is worn or cracked ; there are more mainsprings and chains broken through a jerk in winding, than from any other cause. As all metals contract by cold, and expand by heat, it must be manifest that to keep the watch as nearly as possible at one temperature, is a necessary piece of attention. Keep the watch as constantly as possible in one position : that is, ifit hangs by day, let it hang by night against something soft. The hands of a chronometer or duplex watch should never be set backward: in other watches this is of no consequence. The glass should never be opened in watches that set and regulate at the back. On regulating a watch, should it be fast, move the regulator a trifle toward the slow, and if going slow, do the reverse. You cannot move the regulator too slightly or too gently at a time ; and the only inconvenience that can arise is, that you may have to perform the duty more than once. A FACT WORTH KNOWING.- It is a remarkable fact, that persous losing themselves in a forest or a snow-storm, manifest invariably a tendency to turn round gradually to the left, to the extent of eventually moving in a circle. The explanation of this is found, probably, in the fact, that the limbs and muscles of the right side are generally better developed than those of the left side. Under the excitement felt when one is lost, and in the absence of any guiding line, the superior energy of the right limbs throws the pedestrian insensibly round to the left. BONNETS should be not only beautiful, but becoming. Many a woman buys a bonnet that she thinks pretty, and then, when she comes to wear it, wonders she does not look well in it. "MORE OF PETERSON'S MAGAZINES are taken and read in this community," says the Caldwell (Ohio) Republican, "than of all the other ladies' magazines combined." COSMETICS are hardly ever to be trusted. The best cosmetics are pure water, fresh air, plenty of exercise, and a cheerful disposition. " THE LITERARY DEPARTMENTof Peterson's Magazine," says the Valparaiso (Ind.) Republican, " as usual, is the best to be found in any of the fashion magazines." NEAT GLOVES AND SHOES are infallible signs of a lady. Slovenly ones, or ill-fitting ones, are the reverse.

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 Arts colleges has nothing on these men either in good manners or refinement, or knowledge of the world, and these men have in addition a force and a power of initiative which win our respect. They have learned to work and to respect labor. They know why they have come to college and they make the most of their opportunities. Their clothes are well tailored, an important fact in the mind of the fraternity man, their speech is careful, their ideals are as high as any man's in the oldest chapter in the oldest fraternity in the country. Only yesterday I read to one of our students uncertain as to the wisdom of expansion into such institutions as I have referred to, a letter from one of these supposedly ill-trained and ill-mannered westerners. It was well phrased, well written, refined, in thoroughly good form and good taste and showed a cultivation and a courtesy not ordinarily met with.

"I don't know how many men in my chapter could write each a letter or would do so," the man said when I was through, "but I know one who couldn't." And the man who wrote the letter was born on a ranch in a far western state and is a student in his own state university.

The westerner and the agricultural student, these anti-expansionists say, are crude and uncultivated. Perhaps; but I have always thought the opposite. His life in the open brings the farmer into the


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 REVIEW

OF NEW BOOKS.

77

THE EXAGGERATED STRAIN in which some publishers adDesigns for Country Residences. By John Riddell. 1 vol., vertise new books is greatly to be reprehended. We fre- folio. Philada : T. B. Peterson & Brothers.-We have here quently read advertisements to the effect that twenty a work of very great merit : perhaps, indeed, the best work thousand, or even fifty thousand copies of a new novel of its kind. The volume is a royal folio, illustrated by have been sold ; that the orders are so numerous that twenty-two colored drawings, and forty-four plates of presses cannot print the book fast enough, etc., etc. Occa- ground-plans, accompanied by descriptions, specifications, sionally, obliging editors are coaxed to put in a paragraph, and estimates. The book is intended as an aid to those stating that this or that author made ten or twenty thou- who propose building, and as a convenience to artisans sand dollars by his or her last novel. These statements and builders. For such a purpose it is invaluable, as the are made in the belief that they will help the sale of the plates of front elevations represent real houses, mostly book. But they really do very little in this direction, constructed under the directions of Mr. Riddell, while the while they create false notions of the popularity of certain estimates of cost are based on the cost of building at the works. Very few duodecimo novels reach an edition of time the several edifices were put up. It is a frequent more than three or four thousand at best. Such advertise- complaint with persons who order country-houses built, ments do serious harm by misleading young authors. We that the real expenses are very much greater than the frequently receive letters from comparatively unknown architect's estimate ; but a work like this, based on actual writers, who, deceived by these advertisements and notices, experience, would, we think, greatly obviate this risk. expect to make a fortune at once. To all such we would For this reason we recommend it to parties intending to say, that success in literature is always doubtful, and only { build. Price, in cloth, $15.00. to be achieved after hard study, and by superior writers. Nicholas Nickleby. Globe Edition. By Charles Dickens. If a book is trashy, rely on it, it does not sell by tens of 1 vol., 12 mo. New York: Hurd & Houghton.- Still another thousands, no matter what editors or advertisers may say ; edition of Dickens. This one puts in its claim to popular and unless you can write a very much better novel than favor under the name of " Tho Globe Edition." The first it, you had better not attempt to write at all. of the series, " Nicholas Nickleby," is a very handsome GARLIC CAME originally from Sicily; the bean, pear, and volume, printed with good type, and having but one deation from Egypt ; the egg-plant from Africa; the arti- fect, which is that the paper is extremely thin. It is imchoke, horseradish, and beet from Southern Europe ; the possible, however, that this should be otherwise, considerpeach, walnut, and mulberry from Persia ; spinach from ing the small sum for which the book is furnished. The Arabia; rye from Siberia; the chestnut from Italy; the illustrations are by Darley. Price, in cloth, $1.50. Great Expectations. By Charles Dickens. 1 vol., 8 vo. cucumber from the East Indies ; parsley from Sardinia; Philada: T. B. Peterson & Brothers.-Another volume of and the potato and maize are natives of America. the " Author's American Edition" of Dickens. The illusGIFT ENTERPRISES are never to be trusted. They are trations are twenty-seven in number. The paper is excellotteries, and, as in all lotteries, somebody must be cheated. lent, and the type pleasant to read. For the advanced We constantly receive letters from the victims of such en- sheets of this novel, and for the privilege of being the author's recognized publishers in the United States, twelve terprises. We can do nothing, however, to help them. hundred pounds, or about six thousand dollars in gold, was " THE LAST NUMBER of Peterson's Magazine," says the paid, jointly, by Harper & Brothers and T. B. Peterson & Sidney (Ohio) Journal, " shows that the Christmas number Brothers. Price, in cloth, $1.25. was not an extra, but only a fair sample for the year." Coming Wonders Expected Between 1867 and 1875. By Rev. M. Baxter. 1 vol., 12 mo. Philada: J. S. Claxton.According to this author all sorts of troubles are to come upon the world during the next eight years. The Ottoman REVIEW OF NEW BOOKS. The History ofPendennis. By W. M. Thackeray. 1 vol ., 16 empire is to be dissolved ; Great Britain and America are mo. New York: M. Dodlady.- Under the title of "The Dia- to have a four years' war ; Napoleon III. is to capture Jerumond Thackeray," Mr. Doolady has begun the publication salem ; general war, pestilence, and famine is to set in; and the great battle of Armageddon is to wind up all. of a uniform edition of the works of the author of " Vanity finally Fair," leading off with " Pendennis." The volume before Price, in cloth, $1.00. Homespun ; or, Five-and-Twenty Years Ago. By Thomas us is an almost exact copy of Ticknor & Fields' " Diamond Dickens," and is open to the same cardinal objection, that Lackland. 1 vol., 12 mo. New York: Hurd & Houghton.the type is too small. The illustrations, however, are very The books of this house are more elegant, usually, than much superior to those in the " Diamond Dickens," being those of any other in America ; and this little volume is no the original English ones. A handsome American edition exception to the rule. " Homespun" is an excellent picof this writer has long been wanted. The Harpers began ture of country life, as it existed five-and-twenty years ago, such an edition with " Vanity Fair," but stepped there ; and may even still exist in some of the remoter districts in had they continued it, they could have controlled the the older Atlantic States. Price, in cloth, $1.50. Aunt Margaret's Trouble. 1 vol., 8 vo. Philada: T. B, market ; but in the absence of a better one, the present edition, in spite of its small type, ought to command a Peterson & Brothers.- A story by an anonymous writer. very large sale. Though Thackeray is not so popular as But rumor says that a daughter of Dickens is the author. Dickens, he has many admirers, especially among culti- Whoever wrote the book, however, it is an excellent one, vated persons ; and the time has come, we think, when a quiet and simple, something like " The Story of Elizabeth," uniform edition of his works will be remunerative. The and one that will please cultivated persons especially. present volume has twelve illustrations in wood, besides a Price, in paper, twenty-five cents. steel portrait of the author. G. W. Pitcher, 808 Chestnut The Forlorn Hope. By Edmund Yates. 1 vol., 8vo. Bosstreet, is the Philadelphia agent. The series is to be issued tom: A. K. Loring.- A very well written novel, better than in monthly volumes. Price, in cloth, $1.50. most fictions, indeed. Mr. Yates steadily improves. A Beet-Root Sugar and Cultivation of the Beet. By E. B. cheap edition. Price, in paper, seventy-five cents. Grant. 1 vol., 12 mo. Boston: Lee & Shepard.- An excelBuried Alive. By Alexander Dumas. 1 vol., 8vo. Philada: lent little treatise, handsomely printed and bound. Price, T. B. Peterson & Brothers.-A cheap edition of a rather in cloth, $1.25. good sensation novel. Price, in paper, fifty cents.

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 closest relationship with the grandest and the most beautiful things in the world—flowers and birds and growing things; sunshine and fierce storms, the earth under his feet and the great sky over head. What tends more than these things to refinement and cultivation?

David, I hope his name is not an unfamiliar one, farmer, sheep, herder, hunter of wild beasts, musician and poet, watched the stars at night and the clouds by day and wrote of them as no man before or since has done, but I presume that if David and his friends had applied for a charter of some national fraternity they would have been turned down as not worthy to be known as brothers by the more scholarly and refined city dwellers because of their lack of cultivation. And yet it was David who became King.

There is one way of keeping down the number of chapters, which I believe every fraternity might with profit occasionally employ, and that is the elimination of worthless chapters. Every fraternity has a number of chapters which have little spirit, little vitality, little appreciation of fraternity progress. They are as loosely organized as a high school club and have no understanding of what it means to belong to a great national organization. Their connection with the grand officers and with the central office is remote. Their


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 78

OUR

ARM-CHAIR.

THE GAME

OUR ARM- CHAIR. THE MASON & HAMLIN CABINET ORGANS.-The Pittsburg Dispatch says of them :-" The highest musical authorities of the land have pronounced in their favor, as meeting a want which has long been felt, and combining more reliable qualities than any other instrument of the character now before the public. Among other advantages in their favor, they occupy little space, are gotten up in highly ornamental style, are remarkable for their great volume of sound, the ease with which they are played, the simplicity of their construction, and their adaptation to all kinds of music." CHEAPEST OF ALL.-The Essex (Mass.) Statesman says :"Peterson's Magazine, the cheapest of all monthlies, costing but Two Dollars per year, lies upon our table. The first engraving is a very spirited picture ; then follows the usual double-page fashion-plate, and page after page of mysteries only understood by the female sex. The stories are accorded to be equal to the best published anywhere. The receipts alone, every one of which have been tested, are worth the price ofthe book; besides, each number contains a new and fashionable piece of music, hints on Horticulture, Equestrianism ," etc. THE NATIONAL EDITION OF THE WAVERLEY NOVELS, in five volumes, octavo, illustrated, sent, pre-paid, for $15.00. Or three sets, with one extra to the person ordering them, (four sets in all,) for $45.00. Address, T. B. PETERSON & BROTHERS, Philadelphia, Pa. THE "WASHINGTON MEZZOTINT," or either of the " BUNYAN MEZZOTINTS," will be sent, postage paid, for $2.00. Or any two will be sent for $3.00 ; or the whole three for $4.50. Address, C. J. PETERSON, Philadelphia, Pa. "Do You WANT TO KEEP YOUR WIFE AND DAUGHTERS always in good spirits, and even tempered?" asks the Grayville (Ill.) Independent. "Then subscribe immediately," it adds, " for Peterson's Magazine."

OF CROQUET.

or may be, affected by this definition at every stroke. It is very important, then, to consider this definition in relation to its consequences. Before doing this, however, we must distinctly understand the technical words which occur in the definition, viz., "run a hoop," "roquet," "take Croquet," "point," and " turn." RUNNING A HOOP means, as everybody knows, sending a ball through it by a blow of the mallet. It must be run "in order" and in the right direction, and the whole ofthe ball must go through, or the hoop is not " run." If the ball remains under the hoop, and it is doubtful whether the ball is quite through, the question is decided by applying a straight edge behind the hoop, the hoop being, of course, perpendicular. If the straight edge (the handle of the mallet is commonly used for this purpose) touches the ball, the hoop is not " run." ROQUET is made by the striker driving his own ball, by a blow of the mallet, against another ball. If he is "in play" to the other ball, the " roquet" gives him the privilege of a Croquet off the hit ball. People frequently confuse between roquet and Croquet, evidently not understanding what a roquet means. We constantly hear such expressions as, "I have croqueted your ball," instead of " roqueted" it. The two terms " roquet" and " Croquet" must be carefully distinguished in the player's mind, and especially in the arbitrator's, or his decisions will be valueless. CROQUET is taken in this way. The striker places his ball in contact with the one roqueted, and strikes his own with the mallet. After the Croquet, the striker is entitled to another stroke. Croquet may be taken either with the striker's foot fixed firmly on his own ball while he strikes, when it is called a "tight" Croquet, or without the foot, when it is termed a " loose" Croquet. Loose Croquet may be varied in several ways. The two balls may be placed directly behind one another, so that they and the long axis of the head of the mallet are in the same straight line when taking the stroke. This is " ioose

THE GAME OF CROQUET. NO. II. CODE OF LAWS FOR CROQUET.-The laws of the Croquet Committee are very properly preceded by definitions of the terms used in the game. These are fortunately few. The term in order is well understood by every Croquet player. It signifies the sequence of hoops, etc., which have to be run. A player having run No. 1, must take No. 2 "in order;" that is, if he takes No. 3, or any other hoop, before having taken No. 2, he gains no point by it. Of course the game is won by the side that first drives all their balls through all the hoops "in order," and hits all the sticks "in order." The terms in play and in hand present more difficulty. As a great many nice points turn on the question whether a ball is "in play" or not, it is important to comprehend precisely the meaning of the terms, and they are by no means easy of definition. We quote the definition of the Committee, which we think very clear. " A ball is in play' as soon as it has run the first hoop. It continues in play till it makes a roquet, when it is ' in hand. A ball ' in hand' must take Croquet, and can score no point until it has done so. Having taken Croquet, it is again ' in play;' but it is not permitted to roquet again the ball or balls it has croqueted for the remainder of its turn, unless it makes another point. Having made another point, it is in play' again to all the balls, as at the commencement ofits turn." As a ball is either " in hand" or "in play" throughout the game, the privileges and disabilities of every ball are

Acol

(Relative position of balls and mallet in taking loose and rolling Croquet, causing ball or balls to roll in direction ofA.) Croquet" proper. The effect of a quick, sharp stroke under these circumstances is to cause the striker's ball to remain almost stationary, and to drive the other forward. Where the striker wishes to keep his own ball perfectly still, and yet not take tight Croquet, he may accomplish his object by striking his own ball below the center, the effect being similar to that of putting on sufficient screw to stop one's ball when playing for a " slick" hazard at billiards. At Croquet this is called a " dead" stroke. Another way of playing loose Croquet is to roll the balls on together. This is called " rolling Croquet." In making this stroke, the balls are placed directly behind each other, as before, but in striking, the mallet is allowed to follow the ball, and this causes the two balls to roll on in company. Yet another way, called " splitting Croquet," is to place the balls, not in the same straight line with the long axis of the head of the mallet, but at an angle to it. This causes the balls to fly in opposite directions, or to split. A splitting Croquet may be taken with as little disturbance as possible of the non-striker's ball. On some grounds it has been the custom not to insist on any movement of the second ball, { provided the two touch ; and hence this mode of taking splitting Croquet has received the name of " taking two

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 main interest lies in their own local problems and pleasures. They are often behind in their taxes, careless in the observance of regulations, and ignorant of general fraternity matters. They should be labored with, they should be given opportunity to pull themselves together, they should be shown wherein they are failing, but if they do not change, their charters should be withdrawn.

At the last Congresses of my own fraternity the representatives of our newer chapters have been the most active and aggressive. They have shown themselves capable of taking and holding their places in discussion and in social affairs. They have been the outstanding men of the Congess. The Wyoming Chapter put on the cleanest, cleverest and most acceptable show we have had at a recent Congress and proved to the gratification of every clean-minded, sensible delegate that it is possible, even at a fraternity convention, to have a smoker which holds the attention, which is amusing, and which is neither dirty nor vulgar.

The arguments against expansion are not tenable. Fraternities are taking care of the individual chapters better now than they have ever done before. Internal development is strengthening and will continue to do so. Fraternities are spending more money for the supervision of the various chapters than they have ever done in the history


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 THE GAME O F

CROQUET.

79

A cage is run when the ball has passed through it in off." It is still disputed whether moving the second ball cage at A, runs should be compulsory or not. In the opinion of the Com- any direction. Thus, a ball entering the it if it emerges at B, C, or D. It does not matter whether the ball is going up or down the ground, whether it is for hoop five or twelve, (see diagram in last number,) it may always run the cage in any direction. If it is doubtful whether the ball on emerging is quite through the cage, the question is decided by a straight-edge, as in the case of running a hoop. A turn is simply the innings of any one player. We are nowin a position to understand the bearings of the definition ofthe terms " in hand" and "in play." A ball is in hand as soon as it has made a roquet. It takes Croquet, after which it is in hand only to the ball (Relative position of balls and head of mallet in taking roqueted for the remainder of that turn, or until it has splitting Croquet, causing ballsto split in direction ofB and C.) made another point. If it roquets anotber ball, it similarly mittee the non-striker's ball should "be made to move, remains in hand to it after the Croquet, and so on. It folhowever slightly, to the satisfaction of the captains or { lows from this that Croquet can only be taken once in each their umpire." This seems to us to be a practical giving turn from each ball, unless another point is made. A up of the moving. The striker will always contend that second roquet may be made on a ball previously roqueted the ball did move " very slightly ;" and surely a captain or without a point being made in the interval, as, for instance, an umpire, who is at least several yards off, cannot be so for the purpose of driving away, cannoning, etc.; but such well qualified to give an opinion as the player who is close. roquet does not entitle to a Croquet, as the striker is in The umpire, therefore, (for, of course, the captains never hand to the ball roqueted. The striker's turn ends there, agree on a disputed question of fact, ) will, with the power unless by the same stroke he makes a point, or roquets of observing only at a distance, have constantly to pit his another ball to which he is " in play." In this case he can eyesight and judgment against that of the striker. If he go on with his turn, the roquet of the bali to which he is is severe, disputes and ill-feeling will often arise ; if he is in hand being of no more advantage or disadvantage than lenient, the rule as it at present stands comes, as we before hitting a stick or a stone that might happen to lie on the said, to taking “ two off" in the strict acceptation of the grass. words, that is, without making any perceptible split. Now for an illustration or two. A ball that has not run There is another objection to insisting on a motion that { the first hoop makes a roquet on a ball lying in its way, is only just visible, and that is, that it leaves to the judg- and then by the same stroke runs the hoop. What is the ment of the umpire, or players, if there is no umpire, that law? Decision. The striker's ball is not " in play" until which might be settled with equal fairness without such it has run the first hoop ; consequently, before running the appeal. Slight movement being the test of the fairness of hoop, a roquet on another ball is null and void. It no the stroke, the most delicate appreciation of a motion only more affects the striker's ball than ifit had hit a stone or a lasting a second will be required in every Croquet captain piece of dirt. or umpire. The adverse captain will have to judge, in a Take another case. The striker roquets first one ball, moment of excitement, whether or not a ball moved, "how- and then another by the same stroke, as in cannoning at ever slightly," and the umpire will have to give the cast- billiards. To what is he entitled ? Merely to one Croquat. ing vote. This is a strain to which we should not like to which must be taken off the ball first hit. When he hits subject ourselves; but were we ever so fortunate as to ac- the second ball he is "in hand," and the second roquet is, cept the post of umpire in a Croquet match, we should therefore, null and void. always decide that the ball did move to our " satisfaction." A little difficulty sometimes arises when a cannon is made on two balls that are close together, in deciding which ball was hit first. If there is any reasonable doubt, B C the striker has his choice for the Croquet. As a third case, suppose the striker finds his ball touching another when it comes to his turn to play. It is clear that he may hit his own, hard or soft, and under all circumstances he has roqueted the ball he was touching. He must next take Croquet off it. A 米 B -E C no only In domestic Croquet, where there is umpire, and an apology for a captain, should a dispute ariso as to the fact of moving, it should be remembered that it is only A's assertion versus B's, and that the player should have the A -D benefit of the doubt, in accordance with general principle No. 3. To return to the definitions. A point is made on (a) running a hoop, or (b) hitting a stick, or (c) running a cage, each, of course, " in order." We have already stated what constitutes "running" a B hoop. A stick is hit when the striker's ball is seen to move it, or when the sound of the ball against it is heard. A, striker's ball, placed for its hoop, B B, " in order.") It has been suggested that a ball should be placed on the A fourth case. A rover (i. e. a ball that has run all its top of the stick, and that the stick shall not be deemed to be hit unless the ball falls. But in practice it seldom hap- hoops) roquets a ball to which it is " in play," and then cannons on to the winning stick. Is the rover dead? Depens that there is any question as to the hit, and a ball No. After the roquet, the striker's ball is "in would be a complication . It is a question, however, cision. hand," and can make no point until it has taken Croquet. whether, in a grand match, balls should be used.

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 of these organizations. The new chapters that are going in everywhere are made up of men of character, of purpose and of possibilities. It is not true that there is not cultivation in the agricultural college. Every curriculum in the agricultural colleges of the country gives wide opportunity for elections in science, in language, in literature and in the humanities in general. National fraternity officers recognize more than ever before the necessity of increasing the number of chapters of every fraternity. Our future is dependent upon it.

I believe strongly in expansion,—conservative, intelligent expansion. I believe in fresh new blood. If any fraternity feels the necessity of controlling or reducing the number of its chapters it should begin with the dead ones. It should either resuscitate them or bury them. As they now are, they are an incubus and a handicap to the best interests of fraternity life.

There was a day when only the elect went to college. In those days the fraternities could afford to be exclusive. Conditions have changed completely now, and the group of men who make up the attendance at the average college is the most cosmopolitan in the world. It represents every class of society and almost every nationality extant. If the Greek-letter fraternities are to hold their place they must meet the changing conditions


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 80

OUR

NEW

COOK- BOOK.

Lastly, for a more difficult illusiration, the illustration < To Fricassee Small Chickens-Southern Mode.-Cut off the being of a point that often occurs. The striker's ball (A) wings and legs of four chickens ; separate the breasts from goes through a hoop, (B B,) and at the same stroke roquets the backs ; divide the backs crosswise, cut off the necks ; clean the gizzards ; put them, with the livers, and other a ball C, which is lying on the far side of the hoop. To what score is A entitled ? parts of the chickens, after being thoroughly washed, into To answer this question, we must bear in mind these a saucepan; add salt, pepper, and a little mace; cover with two principles. First, that a ball has not " run" its hoop water, and stew till tender. Take them up; thicken half until it is wholly through. Second, that a ball is "in hand" a pint of water with two spoonfuls of flour rubbed into four the instant it makes a roquet. ounces of butter ; add a tumbler of new milk ; boil all toIf, then, in this case, the ball A is driven in the direction gether a few minutes, then add eight spoonfuls of whiteD, so as just to roquet C, on its extreme edge, it is clear wine, stirring it in carefully, so as not to curdle; put in the that A would be entirely through the hoop at the moment chickens, and shake the pan till they are sufficiently heated, of the roquet. A would, therefore, have run its hoop, and then serve them up. Potted Calves'-Feet.- Boil the feet for five hours ; flavor would also afterward have roqueted C. It would, therefore, count the hoop, and be entitled, in addition, to take half a pint of the jelly in which they are boiled with nutCroquet from the ball C. meg, garlic, shalot, and pounded ham, and let them simBut if A were driven against C, in the direction E, so as mer together for a few minutes ; cut up the feet into small to hit C nearly or quite full, and were then to roll on pieces and season them ; dip a mould into cold water, and through the hoop, the case would be different. A would put in the meat mixed with a little grated lemon-peel and not be entitled to count the hoop, for at the moment of the minced parsley. Some persons add beet-root, baked or roquet it would only be partly through, and when it after- boiled, cut in slices and mixed with the meat; when this ward rolled through, it would be " in hand," and a ball in is arranged in the mould, fill up with the flavored jelly. hand can score no point. It would, however, be entitled Turn out when quite cold. The remainder of the jelly in to count the roquet, if "in play," to C at the commence- which the feet were boiled can be used for a sweet jelly. ment of the stroke. If desirous of running the hoop, A Queen's Pudding.-Take a cold fowl and mince it, cutting would have to take " two off," and if placed for its hoop by it into small square pieces. Make a white sauce with a the first stroke, could run it on the second, when, having small piece of butter, some flour and cream, or milk, but made a point, it would again be “ in play" to C, and could no stock. Put the mince into the white sauce, and set it roquet it again and take Croquet off it. aside to cool. When quite cold, make up into balls. Cover It is obvious that between the directions D and E many them with egg and bread-crumbs- do this twice to prevent lines could be drawn, at which it would be doubtful whether them from bursting. At dinner-time fry them in hot A was wholly through or not at the time of the roquet. If lard ordripping ; serve them up on a serviette ; garnish with the question of fact is disputed, the striker should have the parsley. benefit of reasonable doubt. Rissables are made with veal and ham chopped very fine, In our August number we shall finish these articles. To or pounded lightly, add a few bread-erumbs, salt, pepper, complete the subject here would occupy too much room. nutmeg, and a little parsley and lemon-peel or shalot ; mix all together with the yolks of eggs, well beaten; either roll them into shape like a flat sausage, or into the shape of pears, sticking a bit of horseradish in the ends to resemble OUR NEW COOK - BOOK. the stalks; egg each over, and grate bread-crumbs ; frythem Every receipt in this Cook-Book has been tested by a brown, and serve on crisp-fried parsley. Gravy for Fowls, or Other Delicate Dishes.- Take half a practical housekeeper. pound of lean beef, slice and score it, and a piece of butter MEATS AND POULTRY. the size of a nutmeg. Sprinkle it with flour ; add a small Filet de Boeuf with Mushrooms.- Cut a fillet into slices, onion, then put it all into a stewpan; stir it round over the and pour some melted butter over them, seasoned with fire for ten minutes, then pour into it one pint of boiling pepper and salt, and let them stand for an hour; then put water; skim it carefully; let it all boil together for five them in a frying-pan, on a quick fire, to brown lightly; minutes ; strain it, and it is ready. take them out, and put in the pan flour enough to thicken A Knuckle of Veal is generally used to make soup, and is and brown it; mix it smoothly, add some stock, and some sent to table plain, boiled with parsley and butter, or mushrooms, half stewed; then put back the fillets, and stewed in stock with roll, well seasoned, then dished with finish them. When you serve, add to the sauce the juice roll round, or milk beaten with three eggs can be added of a lemon. The sauce must be very smooth and thick. just before it is served ; the large bones, in the latter mode, To vary this dish, leave out the mushrooms, and, in place, should be removed. add a large glass of white-wine, or serve with tomato-sauce. VEGETABLES. Cold beef may be cut up in slices, and warmed in a little stock, with a bit ofbutter and salt ; put some warm cinders Tomato Sauce.-Cut into quarters two quarts of tomatoes, on the cover of your pan, and on no account let it boil, or and sprinkle them over with salt ; let them remain until it will be hard; serve with a ragout of chicory or spinach, the next day, when the juice should be squeezed from them, or with tomato-sauce, it is excellent with either. and boiled with quarter of a pound ofshalots, some whole Stewed Beef- A rump of ten pounds weight will require peppers, and bruised ginger ; boil the mixture slowly for three hours' stewing. At first it may be slowly but partly half an hour, and strain it; pulp the tomatoes through a boiled, after which it is to simmer very slowly indeed. strainer, add them to the liquid, and boil again slowly for Have a saucepan, not over large, for the meat, and at the another half-hour. bottom fix two skewers, to prevent the meat touching the Carrot Fritters.-Beat two small boiled carrots to a pulp pan; pour over it one pint and a half of cold water at the with a spoon, add three or four eggs, and half a handful of sides, two or three onions, if not very large, partly in flour; moisten with cream, milk, or a little white-wine, and pieces, and on the top put as many carrots as you may sweeten to taste ; beat all well together, and fry them in wish, cut into good-sized dice. Before dishing the meat, boiling lard. When of a good color, take them off, serve you must thicken the gravy as usual with flour and a little on a serviette, having squeezed over them the juice of a sugar, burnt, to make the gravy (of which there should be Seville orange, and strewed them over with finely-sifted a good deal) brown. sugar.

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 in college. They must carry the gospel of brotherhood and good fellowship to the whole college world. They have no more right to be exclusive then has the Christian church. The undergraduate members must recognize this fact, as the alumni members and grand officers of most fraternities have done for some time. It is a choice between expansion or a more determined and general opposition than we have previously met.

Expansion is often hindered, where the consent of the chapter nearest the petitioning group is required, by jealousy, by rivalry, or by petty prejudices. I could give numerous instances which come to my mind where a chapter in a large institution will not give the slightest consideration to a petitioning group in a neighboring smaller college purely from prejudice or from a misconception of the ideals and accomplishments of the smaller college. And the same thing is true of the smaller college with reference to the larger institution. Petitioning groups have been held up for years at the University of Illinois, because chapters already established in smaller institutions near by imagined that the character of the students at the larger institution was inferior to the character of those in the smaller one. "I didn't know how to milk a cow and so I couldn't get into the state University," one of these intelligent young city dwellers ex-


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 OUR NEW COOK-BOOK.

81

To Cook Beans in a French Style.-Choose small, young Brandy Peaches.-Drop the peaches in weak boiling lye, beans, and strip off the ends and stalks, throwing them, as let them remain till the skin can be ripped off; make a thin prepared, into a dish full of cold spring-water, and, when syrup, and let it cover the fruit; boil the fruit till they can all are finished, wash and drain them well. Boil them in be pierced with a straw; take it out, make a very rich syrup, salted boiling water, in a large saucepan, and drain them ; and add, after it is taken from the fire and while it is still after which put them into an enameled stewpan, and shake hot, an equal quantity of brandy. Pour this while it is still them over the fire until they are quite hot and dry ; then warm over the peaches in the jar. They must be covered add about three ounces of fresh butter and a tablespoonful with it. To Preserve Pine-Apples.- Twist out the crown of the of veal or chicken-broth ; the butter must be broken up into small lumps. Season with white pepper, salt, and the pine-apple, and pare off the hard, yellow rind; next slice juice of halfa lemon, strained. Stir them well over a fire for the fruit about half an inch thick, and trim it quite clean five minutes, and serve them in a vegetable-dish very hot. round the edges, taking care of the trimmings. Put them To Cook Green Artichokes.-Take four good-sized arti- into the preserving-pan with one quart of cold water, and chokes; strip them from the outer leaves ; cut off the stalks, boil till reduced to half a pint ; strain it, then put the slices and also a little from the top of each. Beat each artichoke on the fire with the juice and equal weight of fine white separately until it opens ; then fill them between the leaves sugar; boil gently half an hour. To Preserve Jargonel Pears.- Pare them very thin, and with the following mixture :-Mince finely a thick slice of uncooked ham, a little parsley, and two small roots ofgreen simmer in a thin syrup. Let them lie a day or two. Make garlic ; mix them together, and season with pepper and the syrup richer, and simmer again. Repeat this till they salt. Place the artichokes in a stewpan, but not too closely are clear; then drain and dry them in the sun or a cool together, and pour over each one tablespoonful of sweet- oven a little time ; or they may be kept in syrup and dried oil. Stew them gently at the side of the fire for an hour, as wanted, which makes them richer. and serve them in a vegetable-dish. Pears for the Tea- Table.-Take ripe pears and wipe them Corn Fritters.- One teacupful of milk, three eggs, one carefully; place a layer, stem upward, in a stone jar, flour as much salt, and a little grated, pint of green corn, sprinkle over sugar, then set in another layer of pears, as will form a batter. Beat the eggs, the yolks and whites and so on until the jar is filled. To every gallon, pur in separate. To the yolks of the eggs add the corn, salt, milk, one pint and a half of water. Cover the top of thejar with and flour enough to form a batter; beat the whole very pic-crust, and set it in a slow oven for two hours. Apple or Quince-Jelly.-Pare, quarter, and core the hard, then stir in the whites, and drop the batter, a spoonful at a time, into hot lard, and fry them on both sides of a apples ; put them in a saucepan, with enough water to cover them; let them boil five minutes ; put them in a bag, light brown color. Potatoes a la Creme.- Put into a saucepan about two and let them drain until the next day. To one pint of ounces of butter, a dessert-spoonful of flour, some parsley juice put one pound of sugar, and boil it from fifteen to and scallions, (both chopped small,) salt and pepper; stir twenty minutes. Cranberry-jelly may be made in the same these up together, add a wineglass of cream, and set it on way. Lemon Preserve.--One pound of pounded loaf-sugar, quar the fire, stirring continually until it boils. Cut some boiled potatoes into slices, and put them into the saucepan with ter of a pound of butter, six eggs, and the whites of four, well-beaten, the rind of two lemons grated, and the juice the mixture; boil all together, and serve them very hot. Roast Tomatoes.-Select them nearly of the same size, of three Mix together, and let it simmer till of the contake off the stalk, and roast them gently in a Dutch oven; sistency of honey. Be careful to stir all the time, or it or, if more convenient, place them at the edge of the drip- will burn. Blackberry-Jelly.-Take blackberries before they are ripe, ping-pan, taking care that no fat from the joint shall fall upon them, and keeping them turned, that they may be when turned red, pick them, and put them into a pot; tie equally done. From ten to fourteen minntes will roast them up close, put them into a kettle of water, let them stand over the fire till they are reduced to a pulp, then them. Horseradish-Sauce.-Two tablespoonfuls of mustard, the strain them, and to a pint of juice put one pound of sugar. same ofvinegar, three tablespoonfuls of cream or milk, and Boil it to a jelly. Gooseberry-Cream.-Take a quart of gooseberries and boil one of pounded white sugar, well beaten up together with a small quantity of grated horseradish. This is, of course, them very quick in enough water to cover them ; stir in half an ounce of good butter; when they become soft pulp to be served up cold. them through a sieve, sweeten the pulp while it is hot, and PRESERVES AND JELLIES. then beat it up with the yolks of four eggs. Serve in a Orange Marmalade.-Take Seville oranges, and peel them dish or glass cup. by cutting round and inserting a spoon between the peel and the orange, so as to divide each rind in two. Cut the oranges, take out the pips and all the white or stringy FASHIONS FOR JULY. part, which put into a basin and pour boiling water on it, FIG. 1.- EVENING DRESS OF PINK SILK, with a white gauze and leave it till next day, when it must be passed through a sieve, and then added to the pulp and juice. Boil the dress, striped with black over it ; the black stripes are rinds of the oranges full eight hours in a plenty of water, studded with silver stars. The necklace and bracelets are changing the water every four hours or less, to prevent of black velvet, studded with stars. FIG. II - WALKING DRESS OF MAIZE-COLORED FOULARD, with their being too bitter. When quite tender drain well, and cut them up as fine as paper; mix with the liquid, and a peplum paletot of the same material. The skirt is cut add an equal weight of the best white sugar ; boil gently open in the turret style at bottom, over a white foulard petticoat, trimmed with green. one hour and a quarter. FIG. III -DINNER DRESS OF BLACK SILK, trimmed with Tincture of Lemon-Peel.-A very easy and economical way of obtaining and preserving the flavor of lemon-peel, crimson-velvet ribbon and black lace. The body is cut low is to fill a wide-mouthed pint bottle half full of brandy, and square in the neck, over a black dotted tulle underand when you use a lemon, pare the rind off very thin and body and sleeves. FIG. IV.- MORNING DRESS OF GRAY FRENCH POPLIN; it has put it into the brandy. In a fortnight it will impregnate the spirit with the flavor so strongly, that a teaspoonful a small cape, which, with the sleeves, is trimmed with bias bands of blue silk, corded with white. will be enough to give zest to half a pint of grog.

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The Tempest, IV. i  Ste. Be you quiet, monster.—Mistress line, is

not this my jerkin? Now is the jerkin under the

line: now, jerkin, you are like to lose your hair

and prove a bald jerkin.

Trin. Do, do: we steal by line and level,

an 't like your grace.

Ste. I thank thee for that jest; here's a gar-

ment for 't: wit shall not go unrewarded while I

am king of this country: 'Steal by line and

level,' is an excellent pass of pate; there's an-

other garment for 't.

Trin. Monster, come, put some lime upon

your fingers, and away with the rest.

Cal. I will have none on 't: we shall lose our time,

And all be turn'd to barnacles, or to apes

With foreheads villainous low.

Ste. Monster, lay-to your fingers: help to bear

this away where my hogshead of wine is, or I'll

turn you out of my kingdom. Go to; carry this.

Trin. And this.

Ste. Ay, and this.

Pro. Hey, Mountain, hey!

Ari. Silver! there it goes, Silver!

Pro. Fury, Fury! there, Tyrant, there! hark, hark!

Go, charge my goblins that they grind their joints

With dry convulsions; shorten up their sinews

With aged cramps, and more pinch-spotted make them

 238 jerkin, etc.; cf. n.

246 pass of pate: sally of wit

248 lime: bird-lime

251 barnacles; cf. n.

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 plained to his friends. He knew a lot about a state university.

I believe in expansion because I believe in the fraternity. I have lived with it every day for thirty years or more and few men know more fraternities and fraternity men than I have been privileged to know. I know it has faults as has every organization composed of human beings, and I have not hesitated when occasion gave me opportunity to point these out, but I believe that on the whole the fraternity is a good thing for the men who belong to it and for the colleges where chapters are located. It holds up to young men high ideals. It gives them opportunity for leadership, for taking responsibility, for the development of their characters in the right direction which they are not likely to get otherwise. I know what its enemies have to say about it, but I know, too, that in a very large degree these things are false.


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 82

FASHIONS

FOR JULY.

FIG. V.- EVENING DRESS OF WHITE TULLE, trimmed with it. In the latter case, it is suitable only for young ladies, ruches and bows of blue silk. or, at any rate, only for slight, youthful figures. The paleFIG. VI.- EVENING DRESS OF GOLD-COLORED SATIN, with a tot, ofwhatever shape it may be, has very rarely a straight basque and body; trimmings of black fancy cords and tas- edge, it is cut out in round scallops, pointed vandykes, sels. square tabs, clover-leaves, and other more or less eccentric FIG. VII.- CARRIAGE DRESS OF FAWN-COLORED SILK.- Pale- patterns. Sometimes it is curved in, in front and at the tot of the same material, with Hungarian sleeves, and back, and lengthened on either side in a long peplum trimmed with bias bands of brown silk and large buttons. basque slit open in the middle. The trimming of the paleFIGS. VIII. and IX.-BRETON PALETOTS.-These paletots are tot corresponds to that of the dress. Narrow crimped made of blue cashmere or flannel ; about the pockets, fringes, black guipure lace borders, plain or embroidered sleeves, etc., are the figures of the Breton peasants em- silk braid, and passementerie ornaments are much used. broidered in the gayest colors on white cloth. The other The latter are often imitated by ornaments worked in parts of the sacques are also embroidered in gay colors. woolen or silk braid, and forming circles, trefoils, and Two rows of silver coin buttons decorate the upper part of other patterns, to which beads are often added. Woolen the front. We have seen these jackets also in white cloth, braid is quite sufficient for trimming a paletot of fancy woolen material which does not require expensive or elewhich is prettier for the house than the blue cloth. GENERAL REMARKS.-In-door toilets are still made either gant ornaments. Most of the paletots have wide sleeves, in the redingote or the empire shape, without pleats, or and these wide sleeves affect many forms--the Hungarian, with only one large pleat behind. Sashes are much worn ; the Polish, and the " Judge" sleeve, which is simply the they are very wide, and fastened very low down These old wide pagoda shape ; there is the Polonaise sleeve, which sashes are worn even with walking-dresses, under a paletot. is straight and open to the top of the arm ; the Venetian SOME UNDER SKIRTS are trimmed with very narrow sleeve, which is only open as far as the elbow ; and, lastly, flounces, put on with a heading, pinked out and gathered. } the Galilee sleeve. This last is decidedly the prettiest; it This is an old fashion which comes back to us again. Deep is not separate from the paletot, but forms a part of it, and pleated flounces have been so much worn during the win- is, in fact, only a simulated sleeve. It describes a point at ter that ladies are already tired of them. Small gathers the bottom, and terminates with a tassel ; it opens at the are now occasionally to be seen on the hips, and these cuff, and the side is trimmed either with a row of buttons gathers are sewn very close together at the back. Small or jet embroidery. The front of the Galilee paletot is quite gores are inserted into the lower part of the skirt to widen straight, the back describes a point ; it is made in black it. poult de soie, in cashmere, and in fancy cloth. Generally The following is a pretty manner of trimming a skirt : speaking the wide, hanging sleeves are more becoming Take a wide, cross-cut band of silk, and make it describe when made of soft materials than when taffetas is used for five folds or pleats ; arrange it in front of the skirt as a them, however rich in substance it may be. semicircle, carrying it up to the hips like the basque AfriBONNETS Continue to be made of innumerable shapes. caine ; at the back this cross-cut band has no pleats, but is The latest style is called the " Josephine." Imagine alarge, arranged to the effect of a sash thrown over the skirt a bonnet with a flat curtain, a large drawn front, and the l'orientale, and tied at the back in two ends, which termi- sides rounded off, with no strings of any description whatnate either with floss silk fringe or feathers. This style of eyer, and you have the " Josephine" bonnet. Bronze leaves sash is likewise occasionally tied at the side, and then it are very general on bonnets, likewise gold fringes and takes up some of the folds of the skirt, which it has the gold beads. The lappets, which are now used for strings, effect of looping up. This style looks well in either white are arranged in a peculiar manner. They no longer pas silk or gray poplin. If there is a bow only on one side, a round the back of the bonnet, but are fastened at each sido silk pocket, in the form of an alms-bag, is added at the of it, forming three pleats, and terminating with either other. Moire waistbands, likewise bands of a color con- feather or silver fringe ; they are now usually made of trasting with the dress, are very fashionable. Thus, with tulle. Black crin, lined with pink silk, and trimmed at a black dress, either a red or blue moire sash will be worn, the side with a rose, and another rose under the chin, and reins or guides to match will be added at the back. forms one of the prettiest neglige bonnets it is possible to CHINA CREPE, which has not been worn for so long, is conceive. Demi-Saison bonnets made of crepe are more again fashionable, it falls in such beautiful soft folds over popular than straw ones at the present moment. Funchons the small crinolines now worn. Some ladies cut up old of blue crepe, with small white field-daisies arranged careChina crepe shawls into peplums with large sleeves. lessly, are great favorites. These bonnets are tied with WIDE SLEEVES are gradually gaining favor, but they narrow crepe strings, bordered with a ruche of silk or ribusually have a close sleeve of the same material under- bon about half an inch wide. No bow is worn under the neath. The Hungarian sleeve is very popular. It is chin now, it is replaced with either a small bouquet or a straight and open to the top of the arm, but is slashed brooch. together again with silk cord. SMALL LACE JACKETS, of the Greek or Spanish form, are very much worn over low-necked dresses. White, black, CHILDREN'S FASHIONS. and colored cashmere jackets, dotted over with beads, are FIG. 1.- DRESS FOR A YOUNG LADY.-The petticoat and very much worn ; they are especially nice for wearing over peplum paletot are of white mohair, trimmed with black thin bodies on cool days. SASH RIBBONS are of the most beautiful description ; some velvet. The upper skirt, which is cat out in large vanof the black ones are exquisitely ornamented with wild dykes and trimmed with velvet, is of black-and-white and field-flowers. striped mohair. Black hat and green veil. FIG. II.- DRESS OF BLUE CHALE, FOR A LITTLE GIRL.- The BLACK CASHMERE PALETOTS, entirely embroidered with jet beads, are as much the fashion now as they were last upper skirt is of gray chale, trimmed with black braid. autumn. It is, par excellence, the demi-saison garment. FIG. III - SKIRT OF MAIZE-COLORED FOULARD SILK, trimThe new toilets we see are, for the most part, composed of med with bands of crimson silk, piped with black. White the dress and paletot alike. The paletot is very short ; it Garibaldi body. Straw hat, trimmed with a black plume is made, however, of different shapes ; sometimes it is and crimson rosette. straight and loose, sometimes half fitting, and sometimes FIG. IV. DRESS OF GRAY GAUZE, trimmed with green silk quite tight to the figure, and worn with a waistband over and ribbons, for a young girl.

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There has been a good deal of discussion during the last few years, in college and out of it, by those who are members of fraternities and by those who are not with reference to the stability of the college fraternity and its probable future. A prominent physician said to me not long ago, "I believe it will not be many years until all of these college fraternities, either by the enactment of state laws or by the regulations of college authorities will be debarred from our educational institutions and will have to go out of business."

If the fraternity is not meeting a real need of the college, if it is not contributing to the betterment of the undergraduate and of the college community generally, I believe my friend is correct in his predictions, for the fraternity would then have no legitimate reason for continuing, but I believe that it is meeting such a need and that it does so contribute, and that in the future it will do more than it has done in the past.

The conditions under which students in college lived when the fraternity was organized and the character and training of the young men who entered college then as compared with the character and training of those who now enter were as


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 different as it is possible for a changing civilization to make them. The fraternity has perhaps been slow to recognize these facts and to adjust itself to them, but it is waking up to its obligations; it is recognizing its duties, and it is meeting the situation and I believe will continue to meet it.

The last few years have brought considerable opposition to the fraternity in a number of states, and this opposition we have probably not seen the last of. It has arisen for the most part in institutions like the state universities where the number of students is large, where the student body is cosmopolitan, and where the number of fraternities is not sufficiently developed adequately to take care of and to furnish a home and associates for those undergraduates who might under more favorable conditions reasonably expect to be invited to join such an organization; or it has come in institutions where the authorities were ultra-conservative or narrow-minded. Because of these facts jealousies have arisen, opposition has developed, and those who under normal conditions, would have had nothing against the fraternity, piqued by the fact that they have been left out of it, have ignored the strong points of such an organization and have engaged in an attack upon its weaknesses.

It is an incontestable fact that the Greek-letter fraternity has had and still has flaws in its manage-


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 ment and weaknesses in its organization as every other organization has with which I am acquainted. Originally the fraternity was a small club which met at intervals, which was composed of congenial spirits with similiarsimilar [sic] ideals, and which made as little stir in the college community as is now made by an honorary society or the dramatic club; now it is a home which shelters often far too many souls for easy management, it is a social force, a political unit, a group which stands out and which many fellows have a desire to become a part of. When it was organized the class of students going to college was very different from the class that now goes to college with different parentage and different ideals. The fraternity could be exclusive then without attracting attention to itself; it cannot do so now, and it is coming to recognize this fact. As conditions changed a certain lowering of standards crept in. Scholarship became a less necessary qualification for membership, moral standards were less rigid, social finesse was more generally demanded, the financial standing of a man's father came to count for more than the fellow's own personal character and worth; extravagance and dissipation were not uncommon. With all these conditions criticism was easy and criticism was just.

But this criticism, this opposition to the con-


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Painted by Haynes Williams. 44 THE

BUTTERCUP VERDICT ."

Engraved expressly for Feterson's Magazine.

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 tinuance of the fraternity has been the best thing which could have happened to it, for it roused the active members of the organization, and, better still, it stirred the strong alumni who, though they were interested in the organization, had yet allowed that interest to wane and had drifted somewhat out of touch with their own respective chapters. Whatever the Interfraternity Conference may or may not have accomplished, it has at least stimulated the interest of some of the strongest and most forceful fraternity men of the country and has set them to an attempt to solve the problems of their respective fraternities and to help meet the opposition against fraternities in general. The fight against fraternities has caused fraternity men old and young to study the situation, to realize the evil practicies which had crept in and to go at the elimination of these as quickly and as forcefully as possible.

Still another thing which this opposition has done has been to cause fraternity men to realize that, no matter what organization they may belong to, whether it was founded in 1824 or 1902, their interests are similar and each needs the help of the other. Less than ten years ago I heard a prominent fraternity man say that he had no special interest in what other fraternities were doing or what their difficulties might be; he was


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 quite satisfied with his own and quite contended to give his attention to its problems. No sensible fraternity man feels so today. He realizes that if fraternities rise or fall they will do so together; the interests of one are identical with the interests of another; no organization is so old or so well established, or has such assured standing as to be self-satisfied or immune from danger or from difficulty if such may come to the Greek-letter fraternity in general. We are all in the same boat, each needs the other's help; we shall all sink or land safely together. Opposition has had its difficulties, but it has shown us our weaknesses, it has pointed the way to improvement, it has brought us friends, advocates, and champions, and it has already brought about changes and reforms that would have been undreamed of ten or fifteen years ago. The late war tested the strength of fraternities more than any event within fifty years. It stimulated the indifferent, it threw responsibility upon those who have previously evaded it, and in the end it proved a help to these organizations.

What of the future? I have the greatest faith in the future of the college fraternity. It is founded upon right and noble principles, it has an opportunity to do a great work in the colleges of the country, and I believe it is doing such a work. If it is to realize its greatest possibilities,


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 AGAZINE.

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 however, it seems to me it must change in certain ways, it must adjust itself to certain new conditions, it must strengthen certain principles. Its future depends upon these things.

The fraternity is going, more and more, to give attention to scholarship. Colleges were founded and exist for the purpose of training men intellectually, and the fraternity must show that it is one of the agencies which is helping toward that end. For a long time it was thought to be no disgrace if fraternity men were found far below the average scholastically, it was even by some considered almost a matter of self-congratulation if there were no grinds or high grade students in the chapter; but that day is past. It is everywhere a matter of unpleasant comment, as it should be, if the Greek-letter organizations do not keep the scholarship of their members on a par with the scholarship of other men. But this is not enough. If it cannot be shown in the future that the fraternity is helping men on toward better scholastic ideals, that a man's scholarship not only does not suffer on account of his joining a fraternity, but that on the contrary it is improved, the fraternity will not have taken the step forward that I feel sure that it is going to take. There is not a general gathering of fraternity men anywhere in the country in these days at which the sub-


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 THE

BUTTERCUP

Enfroved

VERDICT. "

pressly for i terson's Majazie

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 ject of scholarship is not discussed, there is not a fraternity official who visits an active chapter who does not dwell upon the subject of scholarship with feeling, and there is scarcely an active chapter which does not have its committee or its organization whose duty it is to encourage and to develop better scholarship. Such an active campaign can in the future result only in one thing, and that is in bringing the scholarship of fraternity men to a higher and more satisfactory standard—a standard that is above that of the average man.

The fraternity of the future is going to give more definite and practical attention to its moral ideals than it has done in the past. The ideals of the Greek-letter fraternity have always been high, but they have not always been taken seriously by the undergraduate. He has too frequently looked upon them as theoretical rather than practical. They were, he thought, perhaps, good for initiation night, but not to be followed and exemplified in his everyday life. There is less and less everywhere the feeling that initiation into a fraternity is with propriety followed by dissipation or an orgy. The initiation service is rather made so serious and so real that the initiate is given an impulse to self-control and an inspiration to a higher life. In evidence of this fact one need only compare the character of the dinner and all that


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 goes with it following the initiation of today with what was said and done under similar circumstances ten or fifteen years ago. Risque stories, vulgar suggestions, and drinking are almost entirely a thing of the past at such gatherings, and though there is much still that is humorous and enlivening, as there should be, yet the general effect is serious and inspiring to higher ideals. Practically all fraternities have passed regulations forbidding the bringing of intoxicating liquors into chapter houses, and every year the number of fraternity conventions that legislate against intoxicants at fraternity banquets is growing larger. The fraternity of the future will eliminate intoxicants of all sorts from its chapter houses and from its gatherings, and the men who insist upon drinking at such places will have little vogue and little influence. As surely as time is advancing the college fraternity is becoming a temperance organization. Its future depends upon it.

The college fraternity of the future will have no uncertain attitude toward the immoralities which tempt and injure young men. It is interesting to see how frankly and how generally the effects of gambling, loafing, and sexual irregularities are now discussed in fraternity literature and how little these sins are condoned. The alumnus who during his undergraduate days has been used to


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 Engraved& Printed byIllman Brothers.

LES

MODES

PARISIENNES

PETERSON'S MAGAZINE.

AUGUST, 1867.

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 considerable liberality with reference to these things is now not infrequently surprised when he returns to his chapter to find that the order of things is changing.

"When we pledged our freshmen this fall," a fraternity president said to me not long ago, "we gave them the idea that we are trying to be a moral bunch, and we intend to make good on it. If any of our alumni come back and start irregularities we're going to ask them to move out," and that is what is going to be generally done in the future. I have in mind another fraternity which last fall at the time for the annual return of the old men handed each man a printed slip as he entered the chapter house warning him that no drinking or gambling would be tolerated in the house. Some of the men were irritated for a while, but their good sense prevailed, and they said that the result aimed at by the active chapter was the only one that could be justified if the fraternity was to live up to its principles and if it was to do its part, as I believe the fraternity of the future is going to do, in the strengthening and the development of character.

"I got a vision of the future," a senior just returned from a national fraternity convention said to me. "I had previously looked upon my fraternity as local, circumscribed in its influence:


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 its principles had touched me only vaguely, superficially. As I listened to the addresses made, and as I saw the interest and the sacrifice shown by mature business and professional men in the progress and development of the fraternity, I felt that these principles were worth while, that they were vital, and that with such forces behind them the fraternity in the future is bound to outstrip anything that has been accomplished in the past"; and so I feel.

Fraternity men are coming to have a more democratic viewpoint. The whole trend of fraternity legislation is to emphasize the importance of careful business methods, of the conservative use of money, of sane and sound business principles in the conduct of fraternity affairs. The fraternity man is being taught to look after financial matters, to pay his bills, to keep out of debt, and to avoid extravagance. Systems of accounting, and the regular auditing of chapter accounts are all influences to help the fraternity man to appreciate the value of money and to keep his expenditures well within his income.

"I thought the fraternity was a brotherhood," a father wrote not long ago when his son was being pressed for the payment of a long overdue house account. "It is a surprise to me that you would


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 embarrass a brother by forcing him to pay a debt before it is convenient."

"You are right in thinking that the fraternity is a brotherhood," the officer addressed wrote in reply, "but we are of the opinion that the kindest and most brotherly act which we can perform is to impress upon our members their obligations to pay their debts, to live within their income, and for each to do his part in carrying the financial obligations of the fraternity."

As time goes on the fraternity is going to impress these lessons of business integrity more and more strongly upon its members, and we shall hear less and less of financial extravagance, of bills unpaid, of debts incurred which cannot be met, for the fraternity man will learn that the fraternity is a business organization as well as a brotherhood, and that brotherly love is best expressed by one's first meeting his financial obligations.

The fraternity, as I said, is coming into a broader democracy. It is bound in the future to take men for what they themselves are, quite as much as for what their fathers have been. A fraternity officer came to the University of Illinois not long ago to look over a group of young fellows who were petitioning for a chapter of his fraternity. They were strong, healthy, wide-awake fellows with good manners and good morals and