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 the text are scattered over the volumes in the most bewildering manner. This material defect is remedied, we trust, in our publication; and it is scarcely necessary to point out the advantage of finding every information respecting the dress or armour of a particular reign contained within the few pages allotted to it.

The bulk of all the best works on ancient costume or armour, and their consequent expense, have been formidable obstacles to the artist, and must surely render a pocket volume, comprising every necessary reference and information, a desirable companion; and although we by no means pretend to infallibility, we trust that our jealousy of all questionable documents, and the rigid test to which we have subjected, and by which we have shaken the evidence of many hitherto undoubted, have preserved us from gross misrepresentations, at the same time that they have enabled us to correct some material errors, and explain several obscure passages in our more costly and voluminous precursors.

The following is a list of the works on general costume, or containing notices of British dress, which may be consulted with advantage by the artist, with our own, for a commentary.

Habitus Præcipuorum Populorum, tam Virorum quam Feminarum, singulari arte depicti. By John Weigel, cutter in wood. 1 vol. fol. Nuremberg, 1577.

Habitus Variarum Orbis Gentium. By J. J. Boissard, 1581.

Habiti Antichi e Moderni di diverse Parti del Mondo. By Cæsar Vecellio. 8vo. Venice, 1590.

Sacri Romani Imperii Omatus, item Germanorum diversarumque Gentium Peculiares Vestitus; quibus accedunt Ecciesiasticorum Habitus Varii. By Caspar Rutz, 1588.


text: Memorials of a Tour on the Continent, 1820/Scene, on the Lake of Brientz

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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 Diversarum Gentium Armatura Equestris, 1617.

Ornatus Muliebris Anglicanus. By Wencelaus Hollar. 4to. London, 1640.

A Collection of the Dresses of different Nations, ancient and modern. 2 vols. 4to. Published by Thomas Jefferys. London, 1757.

Horda Angel Cynan. By Joseph Strutt. 3 vols. 4to. London, 1774–76.

Dress and Habits of the People of England. By ditto, 2 vols. 4to. London, 1796–99.

Regal and Ecclesiastical Antiquities. By ditto. 1 vol. 4to. London, 1773–93.

Selections of the Ancient Costume of Great Britain and Ireland. By Charles Hamilton Smith, Esq. 1 vol. fol. London, 1814.

Costume of the Original Inhabitants of the British Islands. By S. R. Meyrick, LL D. & F.S.A.; and C. H. Smith, Esq. 1 vol. fol. London, 182l.

A Critical Enquiry into Ancient Arms and Armour. By S. R. Meyrick, LL.D., &c. 3 vols. fol. London.

Encyclopædia of Antiquities. By the Rev. T. D. Fosbrooke, M.A. F.S.A. 2 vols. 4to. London, 1825.

Illustrations of British History. 2 vols. 12mo. By Richard Thomson. Published in Constable's Miscellany, Edinburgh, 1828.

Engraved Illustrations of Antient Armour from the Collection at Goodrich Court. By Joseph Skelton, F.S.A. With the descriptions of Dr. Meyrick. 2 vols. 4to. London and Oxford, 1830.

The Monumental Effigies of Great Britain. By Charles Alfred Stothard, F.S.A. Fol. London, 1833.

Walker's History of the Irish Bards. 2 vols. 8vo.

Logan's History of the Gael, 2 vols. 8vo.

To preclude the necessity of long references we here subjoin a list of the principal authorities quoted in this work. Some of them being in manuscript, many of rare occurrence, many not contained even in public libraries, except in some voluminous collection of historians, so that the inquirer may lose much time in seeking for them, unless he knows the exact


text: Memorials of a Tour on the Continent, 1820/Engelberg


text:
Page:Kalevala (Kirby 1907) v2.djvu/15

Runo XXVI]

Neither go I squirrel shooting,

But I seek the feast at Pohja,

And the secret drinking-party,

Therefore fetch my shirt, the fine one,

Bring me, too, the finest clothing,

That I hasten to the wedding,

And may wander to the banquet.

But his mother would forbid him,

Vainly would his wife dissuade him,

Two, whose like were not created,

And three daughters of Creation,

Sought to hold back Lemminkainen

Back from Pohjola’s great banquet.

To her son then said the mother,

And her child advised the old one,

“Do not go, my son my dearest,

O my dearest son, my Kauko,

Go not to the feast at Pohja,

To that mansion’s drinking-party,

For indeed they did not ask you,

And ’tis plain they do not want you.”

Then the lively Lemminkainen

Answered in the words which follow:

“Only bad men go for asking;

Uninvited good men dance there.

There are always invitations,

Always a sufficient summons,

In the sword with blade of sharpness,

And the edge so brightly flashing.”

Still did Lemminkainen’s mother

Do her utmost to restrain him.

“Go not, son, to sure destruction,

Unto Pohjola’s great banquet.

Full of terrors is thy journey,

On thy way are mighty wonders,

Thrice indeed doth death await thee;

Thrice the man with death is threatened.”

Answered lively Lemminkainen,

Said the handsome Kaukomieli,

“Death is only for the women,

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 work in which they are to be found, we have sought to make our catalogue more complete by providing; against this difficulty in all cases where it seemed likely to occur. It win not, of course, be supposed that the editions or collections here indicated are the only ones in which the writers named are to be found.

 * Herodotus.
 * Plutarch's Lives.
 * Cæsar's Commentaries.
 * Diodorus Siculus.
 * Polybius.
 * Strabo.
 * Pomponius Mela : Geography.
 * Tacitus : Life of Agricola; Manners of the Germans.
 * Pliny's Natural History.
 * Solinus: Polyhistor.
 * Dion Cassius.
 * Herodian.
 * Livy.
 * Ovid.
 * Martial.

 * Eginbart: Life of Charlemagne. Vet. Script. Germ. Reub. Han. 1619.
 * Monk of St. Gall.
 * History of the Lombards. Printed by Muratori in his Scriptores Italici, vol. i.
 * Paulus Deaconus.


text: Page:Alexandra Kollontai - Communism and the Family (1920).djvu/1


text: Memorials of a Tour on the Continent, 1820/Our Lady of the Snow


text:
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 *Theganus : Life of Louis le Debonaire.
 * Bede.
 * Adhelm, Bishop of Sherborne. M.S. Brit. Mus. Royal, 15 et 16.
 * William of Poitou ; Gesta Gulielmi Ducis. Printed in Duchesne's Historia Normanorura Scriptores Antiqui Folio. Paris, 1601.
 * William of Malmsbury : De Gestis Regum Anglorum. Printed in Sir H. Savil's Collection, entitled Scriptores post Bedam. Frankfort, folio, 1601.
 * Agathias: History. Printed at Leyden, 1594; and Paris, 1658.
 * Gregory of Tours : History of the Franks.
 * Anglo-Saxon Poems of Judith and Beowulf.
 * Aimion: History of France. Printed in Duchesne's
 * Historiæ Normanorum Scriptores Antiquis. Folio. Paris, 1619.
 * Encomium of Emma, m Duchesne.
 * Alcuin : Lib. de Offic. Divin. Folio. Paris, 1617.
 * Adam of Bremen : Ecclesiastical History. Rer. Germ. Linden. Frankfort, 1630. Langcheck's Collection of Writers on Danish Affairs. 5 vols. folio. Copenhagen, 1772–92.
 * Arnold of Lubeck. Ibid.
 * Bartholinus : On the Contempt of Death
 * Forfæus : History of Norway.
 * Asser : Life of Alfred. Printed by Camden in his collection, entitled Anglica, Normanoricum, Hibernica, Cambrica a scriptoribus, a veteribus scripta. Folio. Frankfort, 1603.
 * John Wallingford : Printed in Gale's Historicae Britannicæ et Anglicanæ Scriptores. 2 vols, folio. Oxford, 1689–91.
 * Ingulph : History of Croyland Abbey, and English History, in Savil's Scriptores.
 * Glaber Rodolphus.
 * Florence of Worcester: Chronicle. Printed in 4to. London, 1592.
 * Ordericus Vitalis : Ecclesiastical History.
 * Wace: Roman de Ron. Printed by M. Pluquct. Rouen, 827.


text: Memorials of a Tour on the Continent, 1820/The Town of Schwytz


text: Communism and the Family

title: Communism and the Family


text: Memorials of a Tour on the Continent, 1820/On Hearing the "Ranz Des Vaches" on the Top of the Pass of St. Gothard


text: Memorials of a Tour on the Continent, 1820/The Church of San Salvador, seen from the Lake of Lugano


text: Memorials of a Tour on the Continent, 1820/Fort Fuentes—at the Head of the Lake of Como


text:
Page:Kalevala (Kirby 1907) v2.djvu/16

4

Everywhere they see destruction;

But a hero need not fear it,

Nor need take extreme precautions.

But let this be as it may be,

Tell me that my ears may hear it,

Tell me the first death that waits me,

Tell the first and tell the last one.”

Then said Lemminkainen’s mother,

Answered then, the aged woman:

“I will tell the deaths that wait you,

Not as you would have me tell them;

Of the first death I will tell you,

And this death is first among them.

When a little way you’ve travelled

On the first day of your journey,

You will reach a fiery river,

Flaming right across your pathway,

In the stream a cataract fiery,

In the fall a fiery island,

On the isle a peak all fiery,

On the peak a fiery eagle,

One who whets his beak at night-time,

And his claws in daytime sharpens,

For the strangers who are coming,

And the people who approach him.”

Answered lively Lemminkainen,

Said the handsome Kaukomieli,

“This is perhaps a death for women,

But ’tis not a death for heroes.

For I know a plan already,

And a splendid scheme to follow.

I’ll create, by songs of magic,

Both a man and horse of alder.

They shall walk along beside me,

And shall wander on before me,

While I like a duck am diving,

Like a scoter duck am diving,

’Neath the soaring eagle’s talons,

Talons of the mighty eagle.

O my mother, who hast borne me,

title: Page:Kalevala (Kirby 1907) v2.djvu/16


text: Memorials of a Tour on the Continent, 1820/The Italian Itinerant, and the Swiss Goatherd


text: Memorials of a Tour on the Continent, 1820/The Last Supper, by Leonardo da Vinci, in the Refectory of the Convent of Maria Della Grazia—Milan


text:
Page:Kalevala (Kirby 1907) v2.djvu/17

Runo XXVI]

Tell me now of death the second.”

Then said Lemminkainen’s mother,

“Such the second death that waits you:

When a little way you’ve journeyed,

On the second day of travel,

You will reach a trench of fire,

Right across the path extending,

Ever to the east extending,

North-west endlessly extending,

Full of stones to redness heated,

Full of blocks of stone all glowing,

And a hundred there have ventured,

And a thousand there have perished,

Hundreds with their swords have perished,

And a thousand steel-clad heroes.”

Answered lively Lemminkainen,

Said the handsome Kaukomieli,

“Such a death no man will perish,

Nor is this a death for heroes,

For I know a trick already,

Know a trick, and see a refuge;

And a man of snow I’ll sing me,

Make of frozen snow a hero,

Push him in the raging fire,

Push him in the glowing torment,

Bathe him in the glowing bathroom,

With a bath-whisk made of copper,

I myself behind him pressing,

Pushing through the fire a pathway,

That my beard unburnt remaineth,

And my locks escape a singeing.

O my mother who hast borne me,

Of the third death tell me truly.”

Then said Lemminkainen’s mother,

“Such the third death that awaits you:

When you’ve gone a little further,

And another day have travelled,

Unto Pohjola’s dread gateway,

Where the pathway is the narrowest,

Then a wolf will rush upon you,

title: Page:Kalevala (Kirby 1907) v2.djvu/17


text: Memorials of a Tour on the Continent, 1820/The Eclipse of the Sun, 1821


text:
Page:Kalevala (Kirby 1907) v2.djvu/18

6

And a bear for his companion,

There in Pohjola’s dread gateway,

Where the pathway is the narrowest.

Hundreds have been there devoured,

Heroes have by thousands perished;

Wherefore should they not devour thee,

Kill thee likewise, unprotected?“

Answered lively Lemminkainen,

Said the handsome Kaukomieli,

“Perhaps a young ewe might be eaten,

Or a lamb be torn to pieces,

Not a man, how weak soever,

Not the sleepiest of the heroes!

With a hero’s belt I’m girded,

And I wear a hero’s armour,

Fixed with buckles of a hero,

So be sure I shall not hasten,

Unto Untamo’s dread wolf’s jaws,

In the throat of that curst creature.

“’Gainst the wolf I know a refuge,

’Gainst the bear I know a method;

For the wolf’s mouth sing a muzzle,

For the bear sing iron fetters,

Or to very chaff will chop them,

Or to merest dust will sift them;

Thus I’ll clear the path before me,

Reach the ending of my journey.”

Then said Lemminkainen’s mother,

“Even yet your goal you reach not,

There are still upon your pathway,

On your road tremendous marvels.

Three terrific dangers wait you,

Three more deaths await the hero;

And there even yet await you,

On the spot the worst of marvels.

“When a little way you’ve travelled,

Up to Pohjola’s enclosure,

There a fence is reared of iron,

And a fence of steel erected,

From the ground to heaven ascending,

title: Page:Kalevala (Kirby 1907) v2.djvu/18


text: Memorials of a Tour on the Continent, 1820/The Three Cottage Girls


text: Memorials of a Tour on the Continent, 1820/The Column Intended by Buonaparte for a Triumphal Edifice in Milan, now Lying by the Wayside on the Semplon Pass


text: Memorials of a Tour on the Continent, 1820/Stanzas, Composed in the Semplon Pass


text:
Wikisource:WikiProject Recruitment

One of the major problems with Wikisource's community is a lack of a diverse contributor base, instead having only a tiny community of active contributors.

We do have some specializing contributors: some examples include Jan.Kamenicek, known for submitting works related to the Czech lands; EncycloPetey and Chrisguise for their contributions in the area of classical literature; TE(æ)A,ea. for usually modern US court cases and acts of law; 廣九直通車 for Hong Kong and UK ordinances usually modern; Akme for short stories in periodicals; and SnowyCinema and M-le-mot-dit for film transcriptions. Quite a lot of our active members also share impressive levels of technical expertise, and are behind improvements to the site's appearance and functionality.

But, something we lack, that Wikipedia and even Wiktionary have much more of, is a pool of active users with specialized interest areas. Wiktionary has specific people interested in the linguistics of just about any language or language family you can think of, and Wikipedia has pretty much everything going for them for obvious popularity reasons. Imagine if we were like that! Imagine if we had a Kameníček for every country in Europe, Asia, Africa, and North and South America. Imagine if we had a 廣九直通車 or a TE(æ)A,ea. for the ordinances of all sorts of countries and jurisdictions.

So, the intention of this project is to try and facilitate connection to specific niche communities both inside and outside the Wikimedia sphere. By appealing to folks interested specifically in these topics across the Internet, we can recruit more contributors and ultimately get closer to our goal of having a comprehensive and diverse collection of digitized source texts.

If you want to join in on this effort, just put your name down below. If you have any ideas on how to get contributors with specific interests or hobbies, put some resources down below somewhere too!

Members

 * SnowyCinema (founder)
 * SpikeShroom

General recruitment sources (unsorted)

 * Subreddits could be a useful tool to pull contributors from
 * Creating social media accounts that spread hypothetical "memes", etc. related to Wikisource (suggested by SpikeShroom)
 * This would be similar to the activities of "", run by
 * See also WikiProject Social media

 * Project Gutenberg, our primary competition
 * Distributed Proofreaders, competition (and major source of proofread texts for Project Gutenberg)
 * FadedPages, another bit of competition
 * LibriVox, an audiobook site closely linked to ours
 * Public Domain Super Heroes, a wiki for enthusiasts for many forms of media mentioned below
 * LostMediaWiki, any lost media, mostly films though
 * Open-source communities
 * People interested in Creative Commons, etc. may also find the public domain interesting
 * They may also know of CC-licensed material that meets our requirements

 * Genealogical communities (to be listed), since most public-domain print materials are directly useful to genealogical research
 * Existing GLAM digitisation efforts, such as Trove, NLS,  Boston Public Library and others.

Academic papers
Lots of academic papers are in the public domain, in fact (and many people don't know this) most from before 1989 are PD—and some modern ones are released with a free license. These are extremely useful reference works.

Related communities

 * Various areas of Wikipedia itself, since academic papers are often used for citation
 * Wikiversity!

Broadcasting
Radio, and works (periodical articles, etc.) about them...

Comics
We have almost nothing in the area of comics, and how to improve our comic transcriptions...which really should be transcriptions of the dialogue etc., but most are currently just pictures of the comics themselves...

Usually, comics were just strips that were published in newspapers, so really this effort may go along nicely with. Ideally, these comic strips would be included with the newspapers they're a part of.

Existing efforts

 * Portal:Comics - what's currently here (extremely inactive)
 * Category:Comics

Related communities

 * w:Wikipedia:WikiProject Comics
 * Digital Comic Museum - public domain comic hub
 * Comic Book Plus - public domain comic hub

Film
This has been a hot scene on Wikisource lately, but it's always better to have more.

We especially want to find people interested in classic movies, silent films, film history, animation history, etc.

While transcriptions of the films themselves are an active project, film-related magazines and newspapers are also an essential resource for film enthusiasts. We need to find people interested in working on these.

Existing efforts

 * WikiProject Film
 * Active WikiProject

 * Portal:Film
 * Category:Film
 * Category:Works about film

Related communities

 * w:Wikipedia:WikiProject Film
 * Wikimedia Commons doesn't have a WikiProject Film or any recognizable community around video, but there are several users there who dedicate lots of time to the very films we work with
 * NitrateVille - a forum centered around vintage film preservation
 * Classic Horror Film Board - a forum for classic horror enthusiasts
 * Lost Media Wiki - General lost media wiki, but mostly focused on film preservation

Music
Sheet music, lyrics, transcriptions of song performances in records.

Existing efforts

 * Portal:Music
 * Category:Sound films containing lyrical music, a recent category used for version control—to keep track of film soundtracks in a creative way

Related communities

 * w:Wikipedia:WikiProject Music

Newspapers
Extremely lacking here because of the huge amount of effort newspapers take.

Existing efforts

 * Portal:Newspapers
 * Category:Newspapers

Related communities

 * Various areas of Wikipedia itself, since newspaper articles (even old ones) are often used as primary-source citations
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Patents
Patents are almost universally in the PD in the US, but are barely ever transcribed here

Existing efforts

 * Portal:Patents
 * Category:Patents

Video games
There isn't much to say here, since most of video game history is very much not freely licensed. But maybe something to keep in mind anyway, since the gaming industry is today one of the most lucrative industries worldwide.

Existing efforts

 * Category:Video games, works about video games—mostly just trivial stuff like laws and the like
 * WS:WikiProject Video Games, not even really a "project" at all yet, but a proposal page SnowyCinema made a few years ago laying out ideas for how video games could be transcribed theoretically

Geography
To have a wide range of geographic representation on WS would be really nice.

Related communities

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 * Any number of WikiProjects on specific countries or jurisdictions (like US states or Canadian/Australian provinces)
 * Communities focused on the local history of one particular area? Or local history in general?

Linguistics
We have a good number of dictionary projects lingering around here unfinished. They're particularly difficult to format, and lots of dedicated contributors are needed to keep these running.

People interested in specific languages will probably find these transcriptions useful and interesting.

Existing efforts

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 * Translations, for works translated from other languages

Related communities

 * Wiktionary! These folks may be interested in improving our dictionary projects and the like.
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Religion
We are severely lacking in the exhaustiveness and appeal of our religious texts, such as our versions of the Bible, the Koran, etc.

Existing efforts

 * WikiProject Bible

title: Wikisource:WikiProject Recruitment


text: Memorials of a Tour on the Continent, 1820/Echo, upon the Gemmi


text:
Page:Kalevala (Kirby 1907) v2.djvu/19

Runo XXVI]

From the heavens to earth descending.

Spears they are which form the hedgestakes,

And for wattles, creeping serpents,

Thus the fence with snakes is wattled,

And among them there are lizards,

And their tails are always waving,

And their thick heads always swelling,

And their round heads always hissing,

Heads turned out, and tails turned inwards.

“On the ground are other serpents,

On the path are snakes and adders,

And above, their tongues are hissing,

And below, their tails are waving.

One of all the most terrific

Lies before the gate across it,

Longer is he than a roof-tree,

Than the roof-props is he thicker,

And above, his tongue is hissing,

And above, his mouth is hissing,

Lifted not against another,

Threatening thee, O luckless hero!”

Answered lively Lemminkainen,

Said the handsome Kaukomieli:

“Such a death is perhaps for children;

But ’tis not a death for heroes,

For I can enchant the fire,

And can quench a glowing furnace,

And can ban away the serpents,

Twist the snakes between my fingers.

Only yesterday it happened

That I ploughed a field of adders;

On the ground the snakes were twisting,

And my hands were all uncovered.

With my nails I seized the vipers,

In my hands I took the serpents,

Ten I killed among the vipers,

And the serpents black by hundreds.

Still my nails are stained with snake-blood,

And my hands with slime of serpents.

Therefore will I not permit me,

title: Page:Kalevala (Kirby 1907) v2.djvu/19


text:
Page:The Sense of the Past (London, W. Collins Sons & Co., 1917).djvu/111

 man, and I don't wonder at the queer figure I must make to you. But you'll see too for yourself in a moment how easily you'll wish to let me down. It's the most extraordinary thing that ever happened in the world—but at the same time there's no danger," he cheerfully declared, "of my losing my way. I'm all here, or rather"—Ralph was gay about it—"he is."

There was little enough doubt of how his confidant would let him down; and, the idea of his being " humoured " apart, he welcomed whatever would help him. There was at any rate no failure of respect in the next attentive inquiry. "But who is this party to your remarkable affair? Or if you would rather I should put it so, who was he? I mean," said the Ambassador, "before what you call your exchange."

"Just exactly, by the amazing chance, what I was myself—and what I am still, for that matter; the strangest part of all being that it doesn't interfere nearly as much as you might suppose, and that I'm in fact not nearly so different."

The way the Ambassador followed amounted—though it wasn't so wonderful in him—to inspiration. "So different as I might suppose from what you were before?"

Ralph's face became a tribute to such prompt intelligence. "I'm still a gentleman, thank God; and no bigger fool, either, than I already was. I'm not worse looking, even if I'm not better." 97


text:
Page:Floras Lexicon-1840.djvu/26

CACIA. , Class 17,. Order:. The savages of North America have consecrated the Acacia to the genius of chaste love; their bows are made from the incorruptible wood of this tree, their arrows are armed with one of its thorns. These fierce children of the forest, whom nothing can subdue, conceive a sentiment of delicacy; perhaps what they are unable to express by words, but they understand the sentiment by the expression of a branch of blooming Acacia. The young savage, like the city coquette, understands this seducing language perfectly, The Acacia is a native of North America, and received its name from the botanist,.

Moore.

(13)

title: Page:Floras Lexicon-1840.djvu/26


text:
Page:The Sense of the Past (London, W. Collins Sons & Co., 1917).djvu/112

 "You couldn't very well be better!" his companion handsomely replied.

But Ralph was now so full of the whole fact itself as scarce to appreciate the compliment. "If I'm so very much the same thing I'm still an American, you see—and not a Briton."

"I'm awfully glad of that!" the Ambassador laughed.

"Oh it's the great point—our common ground. I mean mine and his. We're both here—at the same age—for the first time, and but freshly disembarked. That is," said our young man, "we were." It pulled him up a little, but not, he was instantly eager to show, too much. "I'm not losing my way—it comes to the same thing."

But he had had to consider it, and the Ambassador smoked. "If that then is the case with everything, what is—or what was the difference?"

"Between us?"—Ralph was prompt. "Nothing but our age."

"But I thought you said your age was the same."

"Oh," Ralph explained, "I meant in the sense of our time, our period. That's the difference of the greater part of a century. It was then—that time ago—he came over."

There would have been a failure of verisimilitude if his host hadn't visibly wondered. "And where has he been since?"

Ralph looked an instant, from where he stood, 98


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 through the window and out into the world of things less strange than those he might so well be felt to have filled the room with. But if he was grave he was not blank. "You see I don't know everything." And for a moment again he dropped.

During this lapse the Ambassador on his side smoked; to the effect of his presently saying: "Is he ninety-nine years old?"

It brought back his visitor. "No—for if he were I should be; and I'm exactly thirty, which does very well; for since I've become him, in particular, I call it young." Ralph hung fire—but really from the sense of now so interesting his auditor that keeping it up was almost a strain. Quite for himself, however, nothing was easier. "He's magnificent. He's really beautiful." That indeed made him catch himself, and this time he turned away. "What I mean is he was!"

"Before he ceased to be?"

"He hadn't—or he hasn't," Ralph returned, "ceased to be; for if that were the case I myself shouldn't be here before you in the solid soundness I've undertaken to impress you with. He was in a perfect prime that it was a joy, as a fellow-countryman, to behold. It was in that form that he again, for an hour, existed to me."

"For an hour?" the Ambassador asked as if to be exact.

"It was probably less—even for all that 99


text: Memorials of a Tour on the Continent, 1820/Processions, suggested on a Sabbath Morning in the Vale of Chamouny


text: Flora's Lexicon/Acacia

title: Flora's Lexicon/Acacia


text:
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 passed between us; but the fact of my situation is that he did exist."

"Is the fact of your situation that you've seen a ghost?"

"Oh," Ralph raised his head high to say, "I decline to admit for a moment that he was that. He was much better than any ghost."

It seemed to make for the Ambassador a distinction that he desired to grasp. "'Better'?"

"Well, much more contrary to nature."

"I don't understand then," the Ambassador said, "why you don't rather call it worse. Isn't the impression strange in proportion as it's contrary to nature, and isn't it by the same token agitating or upsetting or appalling, for any relation with such a matter, in proportion as it's strange?" After which he went on while Ralph felt his considering look: "Do you really like such impressions?"

"I see I'm an impression to you—and of course an extraordinary one; but he wasn't one to me," Ralph pursued, "in any such sense as that for the interest of our relation, as you justly term it, is so much more interesting, you see, than any with which, even at the best, I can hope to inspire you. He was a man as substantial for me as I am—or as I was!" Ralph pulled up a moment to smile—"for myself; and interesting most of all, I suppose, because so extraordinarily interested."

"Interested in you?" his host inquired as 100


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 with the care to avoid alike too much or too little gravity.

"Well, yes—interested in me by his being so possessed of the kind of thing that interests us both. I've been ridden all my life, I think I should tell you"—for our young man thought it but fair to develop this—"by the desire to cultivate some better sense of the past than has mostly seemed sufficient even for those people who have gone in most for cultivating it, and who with most complacency," Ralph permitted himself to add, "have put forth their results. So you can fancy what a charm it was," he wound up, "to catch a person, and a beautifully intelligent one, in the very act of cultivating"

The Ambassador was on his feet at this, with an effect of interruption, as by the very quickness of his apprehension. "His sense of the present!" he triumphantly smiled.

But his visitor's smile reduced that felicity. "His sense of the future, don't you see?—which had at last declined to let him rest, just as my corresponding expression had declined to let me. Only after his being worried," Ralph's scruple explained, "nearly a century longer."

"A century's a long time to be worried!" the Ambassador remarked through his smoke, but permitting himself this time a confession of amusement.

"Oh a terrible time of course—but all leading 101


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text: Memorials of a Tour on the Continent, 1820/After Landing—the Valley of Dover


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8

And by no means will I journey

As a mouthful for the serpents,

To the sharp fangs of the adders.

I myself will crush the monsters,

Crush the nasty things to pieces,

And will sing away the vipers,

Drive the serpents from my pathway,

Enter then the yard of Pohja,

And into the house will force me.”

Then said Lemminkainen’s mother,

“O my son, forbear to venture,

Into Pohjola’s dread castle,

House of Sariola all timbered;

For the men with swords are girded,

Heroes all equipped for battle,

Men with drink of hops excited,

Very furious from their drinking.

They will sing thee, most unhappy,

To the swords of all the keenest;

Better men their songs have vanquished,

Mighty ones been overpowered.”

Answered lively Lemminkainen,

Said the handsome Kaukomieli:

“Well, but I have dwelt already

There in Pohjola’s dread fortress.

Not a Lapp with spells shall chain me,

Forth no son of Turja drive me.

I’ll enchant the Lapp by singing,

Drive away the son of Turja,

And in twain will sing his shoulders,

From his chin his speech I’ll sever,

Tear his shirt apart by singing,

And I’ll break in two his breastbone.”

Then said Lemminkainen’s mother,

“O alas, my son unhappy,

Dost thou think of former exploits,

Brag’st thou of thy former journey?

True it is thou hast resided

There in Pohjola’s dread fortress,

But they sent thee all a-swimming,

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 *Henry of Huntingdon: Histories. Printed in Savil's Scriptores
 * Johannes de Janua.
 * Anna Comnena : Alexiad.
 * Matthew Paris: Historia Major AngHse; VitaAbbatum Chronica, &c. 2 vols. folio. Paris, 1641,

 * Dowglas, Monk of Glastonbury: Harleian MS.
 * Pierce Ploughman : Vision.
 * Chaucer.
 * Æneas Syhius • History of Bohemia.
 * Froissart.
 * Henry Knyghton. Printed in Sir R. Twysden's Scriptores.
 * Monk of Evesham. Printed by Hearne. 8vo. Oxford, 1729.
 * Thomas of Walshingham : Historia Brevis. Printed in Camden's Collection.
 * Harding's Chronicle. Printed by Grafton. London, 1543.
 * Grower.
 * Occleve.
 * Monstrelet . Chronicles.
 * St. Remy. Printed by Sir N. H. Nicholas in his History of the Battle of Agincourt. 12mo. London, 1827.
 * Elmham. Printed by Hearne. 8vo. Oxford, 1727.
 * Lydgate: Poems; various MSS. in Mus. Brit.
 * Philip de Commines : Memoirs.
 * Monk of Croyland.
 * Paradin : Histoire de Lyons.
 * Argentre : Histoire de Bretagne.
 * Skelton: Poems; Harl. MS. 7333.
 * Barclay Ship of Fools of the World. Printed by Pynson. London, 1508.
 * Hall : Union of the Families of York and Lancaster Folio. London, 1548–50.
 * Holinshed: Chronicles. 2 vols, folio, 1577.


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 rendered useless, is still retained, and the little knobs imitated with brass nails "

Several brazen swords and spear-blades, found in the bed of the Thames near Kingston, have been engraved for a frontispiece to Mr. Jesse's interesting work, entitled 'Gleanings of Natural History;' but they are there erroneously called Roman. Whoever will take the trouble to compare them with the numberless acknowledged British weapons in various English collections, and with many similar relics found in Ireland, where the Romans never set foot, will scarcely need the additional argument, that the Romans, at the period of the invasion of Britain, used weapons of steel only, to convince themselves of the Celtic origin of those curious military antiquities


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Runo XXVI]

Floating overgrown with pond-weed,

O’er the raging cataract driven,

Down the stream in rushing waters.

Thou hast known the Falls of Tuoni,

Manala’s dread stream hast measured,

There would’st thou to-day be swimming,

But for thine unhappy mother!

“Listen now to what I tell thee.

When to Pohjola thou comest,

All the slope with stakes is bristling,

And the yard with poles is bristling,

All with heads of men surmounted,

And one stake alone is vacant,

And to fill the stake remaining,

Will they cut thy head from off thee.”

Answered lively Lemminkainen,

Said the handsome Kaukomieli:

“Let a weakling ponder o’er it,

Let the worthless find such ending!

After five or six years’ warfare,

Seven long summers spent in battle,

Not a hero would concern him,

Nor retire a step before it.

Therefore bring me now my mail-shirt,

And my well-tried battle armour;

I my father’s sword will fetch me,

And my father’s sword-blade look to.

In the cold it long was lying,

In a dark place long was hidden;

There has it been ever weeping,

For a hero who should wield it.”

Thereupon he took his mail-shirt,

Took his well-tried battle armour,

And his father’s trusty weapon,

Sword his father always wielded,

And against the ground he thrust it,

On the floor the point he rested,

With his hand the sword he bended

Like the fresh crown of the cherry,

Or the juniper when growing.

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 But let us hasten to the period when the ligght of history begins to dawn upon us, and the personal observation of intelligent men becomes the authority on which our descriptions are based.

Fifty-five years before the birth of Christ, Julius Cæsar landed on these shores, and found the inhabitants of Cantium (Kent) the most civilized of all the Britons, and differing but little in their manners from the Gauls, from whom they had most probably acquired the arts of dressing, spinning, dyeing, and weaving wool, as they there practised them after the Gaulish fashion, and possessed, in common with their continental kindred, some valuable secrets in them, unknown to other nations. Of this fact we have the direct evidence of Diodorus Siculus, Strabo, and Pliny; the latter of whom enumerates several herbs used for this purpose, and tells us that they dyed purple, scarlet, and several other colours, from these alone. But the herb which the Britons chiefly used was the glastum or woad (called in their native language, y glâs, glas lys, and glacilys, from glâs, blue ), with which they stained and punctured their bodies, in order, says Cæsar, to make themselves look dreadful in battle ". His words are, however,"Omnes vero se Britanni vitro inficiunt, quod cœruleum efficit colorem, atque hoc horribiliori sunt in pugnâ adspectu." Now the word vitro is disputed, and "nitro," "luteo," "ultro," "glauco," and "guasto,"


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10

Said the lively Lemminkainen,

“Hard ’twill be in Pohja’s castle,

Rooms of Sariola the misty,

Such a sword as this to gaze on,

Such a sword-blade to encounter.”

From the wall his bow he lifted,

From the peg he took a strong bow,

And he spoke the words which follow,

And expressed himself in thiswise:

“I would hold the man deserving,

And regard him as a hero,

Who to bend this bow was able,

And could bend it and could string it,

There in Pohjola’s great castle,

Rooms of Sariola the misty.”

Then the lively Lemminkainen,

He the handsome Kaukomieli,

Put his shirt of mail upon him,

Clad himself in arms of battle,

And his slave he thus commanded,

And he spoke the words which follow:

“O my servant, bought with money,

Workman, whom I got for money,

Harness now my horse of battle,

Harness me my fiery war-horse,

That unto the feast I journey,

Drinking-bout at house of Lempo.”

Then the prudent slave, obedient,

Hastened quickly to the courtyard,

And the foal at once he harnessed,

And prepared the fiery red one,

And he said on his returning,

“I have done what you commanded,

And the horse have harnessed for you,

And the best of foals have harnessed.”

Then the lively Lemminkainen,

Thought him ready for his journey,

Right hand urging, left restraining,

And his sinewy fingers smarting,

Now would start, and then reflected,

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Page:Calcutta Review Vol. II (Oct. - Dec. 1844).pdf/324

Rh Now, here are several castes, the members of which were by the customs of society formerly wholly debarred from the benefit of instruction in letters; but the above enumeration shows that some individuals of those castes have even become instructors of others. The following presents, at one view, a comparison of the number of Kayastha teachers with those of other castes:—

In the Bengal districts Mr. Adam ascertained that about twenty in all gave their instructions gratuitously, as they had other and independent means of support; in the Behar districts, not one. In some of the former instances, however, it appeared that, though no fixed payment was received, either in the form of monthly wages or of fees, presents were accepted at the periods of the great annual festivals and other occasions. Very nearly the whole of the teachers therefore earn their livelihood by teaching, being regularly paid for their professional services. Bearing in mind that presents, whether monthly, yearly, or occasionally, consist of rice, fish, salt, oil, vegetables, cooking utensils, tobacco, clothes, &c., the following enumeration will present at once to the eye a tabulated view of the exceedingly varied, or rather grotesquely diversified ways in which the teachers are remunerated. As a specimen, we select the case of Tirhoot. In that district the number of vernacular teachers is eighty, whose pedagogal labours are thus rewarded:—


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Runo XXVI]

Started then in reckless fashion.

Then her son his mother counselled,

Warned her child, the aged woman,

At the door, beneath the rafters,

At the place where stand the kettles.

“O my only son, my dearest,

O my child, of all the strongest,

When thou com’st to the carousal,

And thou comest where thou wishest,

Drink thou half a goblet only,

Drink the measure to the middle,

And the other half return thou;

Give the worst half to a worse one.

In the goblet rests a serpent,

And a worm within the measure.”

Yet again her son she cautioned,

To her child again gave warning,

At the last field’s furthest limit,

At the last of all the gateways.

“When thou com’st to the carousal,

And thou comest where thou wishest,

Sit upon a half-seat only,

Step thou with a half-step only,

And the other half return thou;

Give the worst half to a worse one,

Thus wilt thou a man be reckoned,

And a most illustrious hero,

And through armies push thy pathway,

And will crush them down beneath thee,

In the press of mighty heroes,

In the throng of men of valour.”

Then departed Lemminkainen,

When the horse in sledge was harnessed.

With his ready whip he struck him,

With his beaded whip he smote him,

And the fiery steed sprang forward,

Onward sped the rapid courser.

When a short way he had journeyed,

For about an hour had travelled,

There he saw a flock of blackfowl,

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text: Index:The four Gospels - translated from the Latin Vulgate, and diligently compared with the original Greek text, being a revision of the Rhemish translation (IA TheFourGospelsTranslated).pdf


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 have been alternately suggested as the correct reading. Pliny says they used "glastum" (i. e. woad), but Ovid uses the singular expression "Viridesque Britannos." Amorum. Eleg. 16. And glas, in Celtic, signifies green as well as blue. It is applied to the sea, and to express, poetically, the sea as glasmhaigh, a green plain. Crann ghlas is a green tree. It enters into combination also with a variety of words in the Celtic expressive of grass, greens for food, salad, sea wrack, and also means pale, wan, poor, and even in colour greyish. Each glas is a grey horse. The dress of the fairies is always spoken of as glas, Anglice, green and shining : and no doubt it is the origin of our word glass, which has been applied to the composition so called in consequence of its presenting indifferently the hues and lustrous appearance alluded to. A man could not dye his body with glass, but the obvious derivation of that word from the Celtic renders the vitro of Caesar a still more curious expression. The word "cœruleum" may also be translated green, wan, or pale, like the Celtic glas, and the skin washed lightly over with blue or grey would present a greenish and ghastly appearance. And here it may be remarked, that from the fact of the Romans, on their first invasion of the island, beholding the inhabitants only when, according to a common Celtic custom (a custom partially followed by the Scotch Highlanders to the days of the battle of Killicrankie), they had flung otf their garments to rush into action, arose the vulgar error that the Britons lived continually "in puris naturalibus," whereas, we have the testimony of Caesar himself to the fact, that even the


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CACIA ROSE. . Class 17,. Order:. Art has produced nothing that may vie in freshness and in elegance of appearance with this beautiful flowering shrub; its inclining branches,—the gaiety of its verdure,—its clusters of rose-coloured flowers, like bows of ribands, hung on branches clothed with hairs of a reddish brown, never fail to excite admiration, and have combined to render it a proper emblem of elegance. Its appearance has been compared to that of an elegant female in her ball dress.

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Page:Calcutta Review Vol. II (Oct. - Dec. 1844).pdf/325

320

Thus eighty teachers receive in all rs. 123-4-3, which averages to each teacher rs. 1-8-7. The mean rate of payment in each district, reducing all the items to a monthly estimate, is as follows:—

To all the vernacular teachers of Bengal and Behar, this affords an average monthly professional income of rs. 2-15-7! not above one-half of what is usually given in Calcutta to the lowest menials or domestic servants! It may well excite surprise how, at such a low and disproportionate rate of remuneration, even in this highly favoured clime, any human being, pretending to the character of teacher, can manage to subsist or maintain habits of external common decency. On this subject Mr. Adam subjoins the following explanations:—

"“It is possible that some sources of regular profit to teachers, in themselves insignificant, but to them not unimportant, may have been overlooked; and occasional profits, such as presents from old scholars, are too fluctuating and uncertain to be known or estimated. Teachers, moreover, often add other occupations to that of giving instruction; and when a teacher does not have recourse to any other employment, his income from teaching is most frequently valued chiefly as his contribution to the means of subsistence possessed by the family to which he belongs, since by itself it would be insufficient for his support. When a teacher is wholly dependent upon his own resources, and those are limited to his income in that capacity, the rate of payment is invariably higher.”"

The details already given abundantly show by what pinched and stinted contributions the class just below the wealthy, and the class just above the indigent, unite to support a school; and it constitutes a proof of the very limited means of those who are anxious to give a Bengali education to their children, and of the


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Page:The four Gospels - translated from the Latin Vulgate, and diligently compared with the original Greek text, being a revision of the Rhemish translation (IA TheFourGospelsTranslated).pdf/9

 THE FOUR GOSPELS,

TRANSLATED FROM THE LATIN VULGATE,

AND DILIGENTLY COMPARED WITH THE ORIGINAL GREEK TEXT,

BEING A REVISION OF THE RHEMISH TRANSLATION,

WITH NOTES CRITICAL AND EXPLANATORY.

BY

FRANCIS PATRICK KENRICK,

BISHOP OF PHILADELPHIA.

“That thou mayst know the certainty of those words in which thou hast been instructed.” Luke i. 4.

NEW-YORK: EDWARD DUNIGAN & BROTHER, 151 FULTON STREET.

1849.


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12

In the air the grouse flew upward,

And the flock ascended rushing

From before the speeding courser.

On the ice there lay some feathers

Cast by grouse upon the roadway;

These collected Lemminkainen,

And he put them in his pocket,

For he knew not what might happen,

Or might chance upon his journey.

In a house are all things useful,

Can at need be turned to something.

Then he drove a little further,

On his road a little further,

When to neigh began the courser,

Pricked his long ears up in terror.

Then the lively Lemminkainen,

He the handsome Kaukomieli,

In the sledge at once leaned forward,

Bending down to gaze about him.

There he saw, as said his mother,

As his own old mother warned him,

How there flowed a fiery river,

Right across the horse’s pathway,

In the stream a cataract fiery,

In the fall a fiery island,

On the isle a peak all fiery,

On the peak a fiery eagle.

In his throat the fire was seething,

And his mouth with flame was glowing,

And his plumage fire was flashing,

And the sparks around were scattering.

Kauko from afar he noticed,

From afar saw Lemminkainen.

“Whither wilt thou go, O Kauko,

Whither goes the son of Lempi?”

Answered lively Lemminkainen,

Said the handsome Kaukomieli,

“Unto Pohja’s feast I journey,

The carousal held in secret.

Turn thee on one side a little,

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 Rh had neither wealth to support a soldiery, nor a soldiery trained in the art of war. The first token this Prince gave of an aspiring genius, and of an ambition that is noble and necessary in a monarch who has a mind to flourish, was to believe none of his subjects more wise than himself, or more fit to govern. He did so, and looked upon his own proper person as the most fit to travel out among the other realms of the world and study politics for the advancing of his dominions. He then seldom pretended to any war like dispositions against those who were instructed in the science of arms; his military dealings lay mostly with the Turks and Tartars, who, as they had numbers as well as he, had them likewise composed, as well as his, of a rude, uncultivated mob, and they appeared in the field like a raw, undisciplined militia. In this his Christian neighbours liked him well, insomuch as he was a kind of stay or stop gap to the infidels. But when he came to look into the more polished parts of the Christian world, he set out towards it, from the very threshold, like a natural-born politician. He was not for learning the game by trying chances and venturing losses in the field so soon; no, he went upon the maxim that it was, at that time of day, expedient and necessary for him to carry, like Samson, his strength in his head, and not in his arms. He had then, he knew, but very few commodious places for commerce of his own, and those all situated in the White Sea, too remote, frozen up the most part of the year, and not at all fit for a fleet of men-of-war; but he knew of many more commodious ones of his neighbours in the Baltic, and within his reach whenever he could strengthen his hands to lay hold of them. He had a longing eye towards them; but with prudence seemingly turned his head another way, and secretly entertained the pleasant thought that he should come at them all in good time. Not to give any jealousy, he endeavours for no help from his neighbours to instruct his men in arms. That was like asking a skilful person, one intended to fight a duel with, to teach him first how to fence. He went over to Great Britain, where he knew that potent kingdom could, as yet, have no jealousies of his


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text: Flora's Lexicon/Acacia Rose

title: Flora's Lexicon/Acacia Rose


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Runo XXVI]

From the youth’s path do thou turn thee,

Let the traveller make his journey,

Do not hinder Lemminkainen,

Therefore move aside a little,

Let him now pursue his journey.”

Thereupon the eagle answered,

Hissing from his throat of fire,

“I will let the traveller pass me,

Will not hinder Lemminkainen,

Through my mouth will let him hasten,

Let him thus pursue his journey.

Thither shall thy path direct thee,

Fortunate shall be thy journey,

To the banquet thou art seeking,

Where thou all thy life may’st rest thee.”

Little troubled Lemminkainen,

And he let it not concern him,

But he felt into his pocket,

And his pouch he opened quickly,

Took the feathers of the blackfowl,

Leisurely he rubbed the feathers,

And between his palms he rubbed them,

Twixt his fingers ten in number,

And a flock of grouse created,

And a flock of capercailzies,

In the eagle’s beak he thrust them,

To his greedy throat he gave them,

To the eagle’s throat all fiery,

In the fire-bird’s beak he thrust them,

Thus he freed himself from danger,

And escaped the first day’s danger.

With his whip he struck the courser,

With the beaded whip he struck him,

And the horse sped quickly onward,

And the steed sprang lightly forward.

Then he drove a little further,

But a little way had travelled,

When the horse again was shying,

And again the steed was neighing.

From the sledge again he raised him,

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 34 growth of power, and in the eye of which his vast extent of nation lay neglected and unconsidered and overlooked, as I am afraid it is to this very day. He was present at all our exercises, looked into all our laws, inspected our military, civil, and ecclesiastical regimen of affairs; yet this was the least he then wanted; this was the slightest part of his errand. But by degrees, when he grew familiar with our people, he visited our docks, pretending not to have any prospect of profit, but only to take a huge delight (the effect of curiosity only) to see our manner of building ships. He kept his court, as one may say, in our shipyard, so industrious was he in affording them his continual Czarish presence, and to his immortal glory for art and industry be it spoken, that the great Czar, by stooping often to the employ, could handle an axe with the best artificer of them all; and the monarch having a good mathematical head of his own, grew in some time a very expert royal shipwright. A ship or two for his diversion made and sent him, and then two or three more, and after that two or three more, would signify just nothing at all, if they were granted to be sold to him by the Maritime Powers, that could, at will, lord it over the sea. It would be a puny inconsiderable matter, and not worth the regarding. Well, but then, over and above this, he had artfully insinuated himself into the goodwill of many of our best workmen, and won their hearts by his good-natured familiarities and condescension among them. To turn this to his service, he offered many very large premiums and advantages to go and settle in his country, which they gladly accepted of. A little after he sends over some private ministers and officers to negotiate for more workmen, for land officers, and likewise or picked and chosen good seamen, who might be advanced and promoted to offices by going there. Nay, even to this day, any expert seaman that is upon our traffic to the port of Archangel, if he has the least spark of ambition and any ardent desire to be in office, he need but offer himself to the sea-service of the Czar, and he is a lieutenant immediately. Over and above this, that Prince has even found the way to take by force into his service out of our merchant ships


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14

And he strove to gaze around him,

And he saw, as said his mother,

As his aged mother warned him,

Right in front a trench of fire,

Right across the path extending,

Ever to the east extending,

North-west endlessly extending,

Full of stones to redness heated,

Full of blocks of stone all glowing.

Little troubled Lemminkainen,

But he raised a prayer to Ukko.

“Ukko, thou, of Gods the highest,

Ukko, thou, our Heavenly Father,

Send thou now a cloud from north-west,

Send thou from the west a second,

And a third to east establish.

“In the north-east let them gather,

Push their borders all together,

Drive them edge to edge together,

Let the snow fall staff-deep round me,

Deep as is the length of spear-shaft,

On these stones to redness heated,

Blocks of stone all fiery glowing.”

Ukko, then, of Gods the highest,

He the aged Heavenly Father,

Sent a cloud from out the north-west,

From the west he sent a second,

In the east a cloud let gather,

Let them gather in the north-east;

And he heaped them all together,

And he closed the gaps between them,

Let the snow fall staff-deep downward,

Deep as is the length of spear-shaft,

On the stones to redness heated,

Blocks of stone all fiery glowing.

From the snow a pond was fashioned,

And a lake with icy waters.

Then the lively Lemminkainen

Sang a bridge of ice together,

Stretching right across the snow-pond,

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 Rh as many of their ablest seamen as lie pleased, giving the masters the same number of raw Muscovites in their place, whom they afterwards were forced in their own defence to make fit for their own use. Neither is this all; he had, during the last war, many hundreds of his subjects, both noblemen and common sailors, on board ours, the French and the Dutch fleets; and he has all along maintained, and still maintains numbers of them in ours and the Dutch yards.

But seeing he looked all along upon all these endeavours towards improving himself and his subjects as superfluous, whilst a seaport was wanting, where he might build a fleet of his own, and from whence he might himself export the products of his country, and import those of others; and finding the King of Sweden possessed of the most convenient ones, I mean Narva and Revel, which he knew that Prince never could nor would amicably part with, he at last resolved to wrest them out of his hands by force. His Swedish Majesty's tender youth seemed the fittest time for this enterprise, but even then he would not run the hazard alone. He drew in other princes to divide the spoil with him. And the Kings of Denmark and Poland were weak enough to serve as instruments to forward the great and ambitious views of the Czar. It is true, he met with a mighty hard rub at his very first setting out; his whole army being entirely defeated by a handful of Swedes at Narva. But it was his good luck that his Swedish Majesty, instead of improving so great a victory against him, turned immediately his arms against the King of Poland, against whom he was personally piqued, and that so much the more, inasmuch as he had taken that Prince for one of his best friends, and was just upon the point of concluding with him the strictest alliance when he unexpectedly invaded the Swedish Livonia, and besieged Riga. This was, in all respects, what the Czar could most have wished for; and foreseeing that the longer the war in Poland lasted, the more time should he have both to retrieve his first loss, and to gain Narva, he took care it should be spun out to as great a length as possible; for which end he never sent


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 36 the King of Poland succour enough to make him too strong for the King of Sweden; who, on the other hand, though he gained one signal victory after the other, yet never could subdue his enemy as long as he received continual reinforcements from his hereditary country. And had not his Swedish Majesty, contrary to most people s expectations, marched directly into Saxony itself, and thereby forced the King of Poland to peace, the Czar would have had leisure enough in all conscience to bring his designs to greater maturity. This peace was one of the greatest disappointments the Czar ever met with, whereby he became singly engaged in the war. He had, however, the comfort of having beforehand taken Narva, and laid a foundation to his favourite town Petersburg, and to the seaport, the clocks, and the vast magazines there; all which works, to what perfection they are now brought, let them tell who, with surprise, have seen them.

He (Peter) used all endeavours to bring matters to an accommodation. He proffered very advantageous conditions; Petersburg only, a trifle as he pretended, which he had set his heart upon, he would retain; and even for that he was willing some other way to give satisfaction. But the King of Sweden was too well acquainted with the importance of that place to leave it in the hands of an ambitious prince, and thereby to give him an inlet into the Baltic. This was the only time since the defeat at Narva that the Czar s arms had no other end than that of self-defence. They might, perhaps, even have fallen short therein, had not the King of Sweden (through whose persuasion is still a mystery), instead of marching the shortest way to Novogorod and to Moscow, turned towards Ukrain, where his army, after great losses and sufferings, was at last entirely defeated at Pultowa. As this was a fatal period to the Swedish successes, so how great a deliverance it was to the Muscovites, may be gathered from the Czar's celebrating every year, with great solemnity, the anniversary of that day, from which his ambitious thoughts began to soar still higher. The whole of Livonia, Estland, and the best and greatest part of Finland was now what


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 Rh he demanded, after which, though he might for the present condescend to give peace to the remaining part of Sweden, he knew he could easily even add that to his conquests whenever he pleased. The only obstacle he had to fear in these his projects was from his northern neighbours; but as the Maritime Powers, and even the neighbouring princes in Germany, were then so intent upon their war against France, that they seemed entirely neglectful of that of the North, so there remained only Denmark and Poland to be jealous of. The former of these kingdoms had, ever since King William, of glorious memory, compelled it to make peace with Holstein and, consequently, with Sweden, enjoyed an uninterrupted tranquillity, during which it had time, by a free trade and considerable subs dies from the maritime powers to enrich itself, and was in a condition, by joining itself to Sweden, as it was its interest to do, to stop the Czar's progresses, and timely to prevent its own danger from them. The other, I mean Poland, was now quietly under the government of King Stanislaus, who, owing in a manner his crown to the King of Sweden, could not, out of gratitude, as well as real concern for the interest of his country, fail opposing the designs of a too aspiring neighbour. The Czar was too cunning not to find out a remedy for all this: he represented to the King of Denmark how low the King of Sweden was now brought, and how fair an opportunity he had, during that Prince's long absence, to clip entirely his wings, and to aggrandize himself at his expense. In King Augustus he raised the long-hid resentment for the loss of the Polish Crown, which he told him he might now recover without the least difficulty. Thus both these Princes were immediately caught. The Danes declared war against Sweden without so much as a tolerable pretence, and made a descent upon Schonen, where they were soundly beaten for their pains. King Augustus re-entered Poland, where everything has ever since continued in the greatest disorder, and that in a great measure owing to Muscovite intrigues. It happened, indeed, that these new confederates, whom the Czar had only drawn in to serve his ambition, became at first more necessary to his preservation


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DONIS. . Class 13,, Order:. Adonis was killed, while hunting, by a boar. Venus, who, for his sake, had relinquished the joys of Cythera, shed tears for the fate of her favourite. They were not lost; the earth received them, and immediately produced a light, delicate plant, covered with flowers resembling drops of blood. Bright and transient flowers, too faithful emblems of the pleasures of life, ye were consecrated by Beauty herself to painful recollections!

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Page:The four Gospels - translated from the Latin Vulgate, and diligently compared with the original Greek text, being a revision of the Rhemish translation (IA TheFourGospelsTranslated).pdf/10

 according to Act of Congress, in the year 1849, by

FRANCIS PATRICK KENRICK,

In the Clerk’s Office of the District Court for the Southern District of New-York.


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 38 than he had thought; for the Turks having declared a war against him, they hindered the Swedish arms from joining with them to attack him; but that storm being soon over, through the Czar's wise behaviour and the avarice and folly of the Grand Vizier, he then made the intended use both of these his friends, as well as of them he afterwards, through hopes of gain, persuaded into his alliance, which was to lay all the burthen and hazard of the war upon them, in order entirely to weaken them, together with Sweden, whilst he was preparing himself to swallow the one after the other. He has put them on one difficult attempt after the other; their armies have been considerably lessened by battles and long sieges, whilst his own were either employed in easier conquests, and more profitable to him, or kept at the vast expense of neutral princes—near enough at hand to come up to demand a share of the booty without having struck a blow in getting it. His behaviour has been as cunning at sea, where his fleet has always kept out of harm's way and at a great distance whenever there was any likelihood of an engagement between the Danes and the Swedes. He hoped that when these two nations had ruined one another's fleets, his might then ride master in the Baltic. All this while he had taken care to make his men improve, by the example of foreigners and under their command, in the art of war. … His fleets will soon considerably outnumber the Swedish and the Danish ones joined together. He need not fear their being a hindrance from his giving a finishing stroke to this great and glorious undertaking. Which done, let us look to ourselves; he will then most certainly become our rival, and as dangerous to us as he is now neglected. We then may, perhaps, though too late, call to mind what our own ministers and merchants have told us of his designs of carrying on alone all the northern trade, and of getting all that from Turkey and Persia into his hands through the rivers which he is joining and making navigable from the Caspian, or the Black Sea, to his Petersburg. We shall then wonder at our blindness that we did not suspect his designs when we heard the prodigious works he has done at Petersburg and


text: The Pharsalia of Lucan (Ridley)/Book 1

title: The Pharsalia of Lucan (Ridley)/Book 1


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 Rh Revel; of which last place, the Daily Courant, dated November 23, says:

Leave we him now, as to his sea affairs, commerce and manufactures, and other works both of his policy and power, and let us view him in regard to his proceedings in this last campaign, especially as to that so much talked of descent, he, in conjunction with his allies, was to make upon Schonen, and we shall find that even therein he has acted with his usual cunning. There is no doubt but the King of Denmark was the first that proposed this descent. He found that nothing but a speedy end to a war he had so rashly and unjustly begun, could save his country from ruin and from the bold attempts of the King of Sweden, either against Norway, or against Zealand and Copenhagen. To treat separately with that prince was a thing he could not do, as foreseeing that he would not part with an inch of ground to so unfair an enemy; and he was afraid that a Congress for a general place, supposing the King of Sweden would consent to it upon the terms proposed by his enemies, would draw the negotiations out beyond what the situation of his affairs could bear. He invites, therefore, all his confederates to make a home thrust at the King of Sweden, by a descent into his country, where, having defeated him, as by the superiority of the forces to be employed in that design he hoped they should, they might force him to an immediate peace on such terms as they themselves pleased. I don't know how far the rest of his confederates came into that project; but neither the Prussian nor the Hanoverian Court appeared openly in that project, and how far our English fleet, under Sir John Norris, was to have forwarded it, I have nothing to say, but leave others to judge out of the King of Denmark's own declaration: but the Czar came readily into it. He got thereby a new pretence to carry the war


text: Flora's Lexicon/Adonis

title: Flora's Lexicon/Adonis


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Runo XXVI]

From the one bank to the other,

O’er the fiery trench passed safely,

Passed the second day in safety.

With his whip he urged the courser,

Cracked the whip all bead-embroidered,

And began to travel quickly,

As the courser trotted onward.

Quick he ran a verst, a second,

For a short space well proceeded,

When he suddenly stopped standing,

Would not stir from his position.

Then the lively Lemminkainen

Started up to gaze around him.

In the gate the wolf was standing,

And the bear before the passage,

There in Pohjola’s dread gateway,

At the end of a long passage.

Then the lively Lemminkainen,

He the handsome Kaukomieli,

Quickly felt into his pocket,

What his pouch contained exploring,

And he took some ewe’s wool from it,

And until ’twas soft he rubbed it,

And between his palms he rubbed it,

’Twixt his fingers ten in number.

On his palms then gently breathing,

Ewes ran bleating forth between them,

Quite a flock of sheep he fashioned,

And a flock of lambs among them,

And the wolf rushed straight upon them,

And the bear rushed after likewise,

While the lively Lemminkainen,

Further drove upon his journey.

Yet a little space he journeyed,

Unto Pohjola’s enclosure.

There a fence was raised of iron,

Fenced with steel the whole enclosure,

In the ground a hundred fathoms,

In the sky a thousand fathoms,

Spears they were which formed the hedgestakes,

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 40 one campaign more at other people's expense; to march his troops into the Empire again, and to have them quartered and maintained, first in Mecklenburg and then in Zealand. In the meantime he had his eyes upon Wismar, and upon a Swedish island called Gotland. If, by surprise, he could get the first out of the hands of his confederates, he then had a good seaport, whither to transport his troops when he pleased into Germany, without asking the King of Prussia's leave for a free passage through his territories; and if, by a sudden descent, he could dislodge the Swedes out of the other, he then became master of the best port in the Baltic. He miscarried, however, in both these projects; for Wismar was too well guarded to be surprised; and he found his confederates would not give him a helping hand towards conquering Gotland. After this he began to look with another eye upon the descent to be made upon Schonen. He found it equally contrary to his interest, whether it succeeded or not. For if he did, and the King was thereby forced to a general peace, he knew his interests therein would be least regarded; having already notice enough of his confederates being ready to sacrifice them, provided they got their own terms. If he did not succeed, then, besides the loss of the flower of an army he had trained and disciplined with so much care, as he very well foresaw that the English fleet would hinder the King of Sweden from attempting anything against Denmark; so he justly feared the whole shock would fall upon him, and he be thereby forced to surrender all he had taken from Sweden. These considerations made him entirely resolved not to make one of the descent; but he did not care to declare it till as late as possible: first, that he might the longer have his troops maintained at the Danish expense; secondly, that it might be too late for the King of Denmark to demand the necessary troops from his other confederates, and to make the descent without him; and, lastly, that by putting the Dane to a vast expense in making necessary preparations, he might still weaken him more, and, therefore, make him now the more dependent on him, and hereafter a more easy prey.


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 Rh Thus he very carefully dissembles his real thoughts, till just when the descent was to be made, and then he, all of a sudden, refuses joining it, and defers it till next spring, with this averment, that he will then be as good as his word. But mark him, as some of our newspapers tell us, under this restriction, unless he can get an advantageous peace of Sweden. This passage, together with the common report we now have of his treating a separate peace with the King of Sweden, is a new instance of his cunning and policy. He has there two strings to his bow, of which one must serve his turn. There is no doubt but the Czar knows that an accommodation between him and the King of Sweden must be very difficult to bring about. For as he, on the one side, should never consent to part with those seaports, for the getting of which he began this war, and which are absolutely necessary towards carrying on his great and vast designs; so the King of Sweden would look upon it as directly contrary to his interest to yield up these same seaports, if possibly he could hinder it. But then again, the Czar is so well acquainted with the great and heroic spirit of his Swedish Majesty, that he does not question his yielding, rather in point of interest than nicety of honour. From hence it is, he rightly judges, that his Swedish Majesty must be less exasperated against him who, though he began an unjust war, has very often paid dearly for it, and carried it on all along through various successes than against some confederates; that taking an opportunity of his Swedish Majesty's misfortunes, fell upon him in an ungenerous manner, and made a partition treaty of his provinces. The Czar, still more to accommodate himself to the genius of his great enemy, unlike his confederates, who, upon all occasions, spared no reflections and even very unbecoming ones (bullying memorials and hectoring manifestoes), spoke all along with the utmost civility of his brother Charles as he calls him, maintains him to be the greatest general in Europe, and even publicly avers, he will more trust a word from him than the greatest assurances, oaths, nay, even treaties with his confederates. These kind of civilities may, perhaps, make a deeper impression upon


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 42 the noble mind of the King of Sweden, and he be persuaded rather to sacrifice a real interest to a generous enemy, than to gratify, in things of less moment, those by whom he has been ill, and even inhumanly used. But if this should not succeed, the Czar is still a gainer by having made his confederates uneasy at these his separate negotiations; and as we find by the newspapers, the more solicitous to keep him ready to their confederacy, which must cost them very large proffers and promises. In the meantime he leaves the Dane and the Swede securely bound up together in war, and weakening one another as fast as they can, and he turns towards the Empire and views the Protestant Princes there; and, under many specious pretences, not only marches and counter-marches about their several territories his troops that came back from Denmark, but makes also slowly advance towards Germany those whom he has kept this great while in Poland, under pretence to help the King against his dissatisfied subjects, whose commotions all the while he was the greatest fomenter of. He considers the Emperor is in war with the Turks, and therefore has found, by too successful experience, how little his Imperial Majesty is able to show his authority in protecting the members of the Empire. His troops remain in Mecklenburg, notwithstanding their departure is highly insisted upon. His replies to all the demands on that subject are filled with such reasons as if he would give new laws to the Empire.

Now let us suppose that the King of Sweden should think it more honourable to make a peace with the Czar, and to carry the force of his resentment against his less generous enemies, what a stand will then the princes of the empire, even those that unadvisedly drew in 40,000 Muscovites, to secure the tranquillity of that empire against 10,000 or 12,000 Swedes,—I say what stand will they be able to make against him while the Emperor is already engaged in war with the Turks? and the Poles, when they are once in peace among themselves (if after the miseries of so long a war they are in a condition to undertake any thing) are by treaty obliged to join their aids against that common enemy of Christianity.


text: Page:The complete poems of Emily Dickinson, (IA completepoemsofe00dick 1).pdf/1


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16

And for wattles creeping serpents,

Thus the fence with snakes was wattled

And among them there were lizards,

And their tails were always waving,

And their thick heads always swelling,

Rows of heads erected always,

Heads turned out and tails turned inwards.

Then the lively Lemminkainen

Gave himself to his reflections.

“This is what my mother told me,

This is what my mother dreaded;

Here I find a fence tremendous

Reared aloft from earth to heaven,

Down below there creeps a viper,

Deeper yet the fence is sunken,

Up aloft a bird is flying,

But the fence is builded higher.”

Natheless was not Lemminkainen

Greatly troubled or uneasy;

From the sheath he drew his knife out,

From the sheath an iron weapon,

And he hewed the fence to pieces,

And in twain he clove the hedgestakes;

Thus he breached the fence of iron,

And he drove away the serpents

From the space between five hedgestakes,

Likewise from the space ’twixt seven,

And himself pursued his journey,

On to Pohjola’s dark portal.

In the path a snake was twisting,

Just in front across the doorway,

Even longer than the roof-tree,

Thicker than the hall’s great pillars,

And the snake had eyes a hundred,

And the snake had tongues a thousand,

And his eyes than sieves were larger,

And his tongues were long as spear-shafts,

And his fangs were like rake-handles;

Seven boats’ length his back extended.

Then the lively Lemminkainen

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OF

BOSTON LITTLE, BROWN, AND COMPANY 1924


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Runo XXVI]

Would not instantly move onward

To the snake with eyes a hundred,

And the snake with tongues a thousand.

Spoke the lively Lemminkainen,

Said the handsome Kaukomieli:

“Serpent black and subterranean,

Worm whose hue is that of Tuoni,

Thou amidst the grass who lurkest,

At the roots of Lempo’s foliage,

Gliding all among the hillocks,

Creeping all among the tree-roots,

Who has brought thee from the stubble,

From the grass-roots has aroused thee,

Creeping here on ground all open,

Creeping there upon the pathway?

Who has sent thee from thy nettles.

Who has ordered and provoked thee

That thy head thou liftest threatening,

And thy neck thou stiffly raisest?

Was’t thy father or thy mother,

Or the eldest of thy brothers,

Or the youngest of thy sisters,

Or some other near relation?

“Close thy mouth, thy head conceal thou,

Hide thou quick thy tongue within it,

Coil thyself together tightly,

Roll thyself into a circle,

Give me way, though but a half-way,

Let the traveller make his journey,

Or begone from out the pathway.

Creep, thou vile one, in the bushes,

In the holes among the heathland,

And among the moss conceal thee,

Glide away, like ball of worsted,

Like a withered stick of aspen.

Hide thy head among the grass-roots,

Hide thyself among the hillocks,

’Neath the turf thy mouth conceal thou,

Make thy dwelling in a hillock.

If you lift your head from out it,

Rh

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MARANTH. , Class 21,. Order:. The amaranth is one of the latest gifts of autumn, and when dead its flowers retain their rich scarlet colour. The ancients have associated it with supreme honours; choosing it to adorn the brows of their gods. Poets have sometimes mingled its bright hue with the dark and gloomy cypress, wishing to express that their sorrows were combined with everlasting recollections. Homer tells us, that at the funeral of Achilles, the Thessalians presented themselves wearing crowns of amaranth.

Milton, in his gorgeous description of the court of heaven, mentions the amaranth as being inwoven in the diadems of angels—

Pope mentions this flower in his Ode for St. Cecilia’s day; imagining it to be found in celestial bowers;—

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18

Ukko surely will destroy it,

With his nails, all steely-pointed,

With a mighty hail of iron.”

Thus was Lemminkainen talking,

But the serpent heeded nothing,

And continued always hissing,

Darting out its tongue for ever,

And its mouth was always hissing

At the head of Lemminkainen.

Then the lively Lemminkainen

Of an ancient spell bethought him,

Which the old crone once had taught him,

Which his mother once had taught him.

Said the lively Lemminkainen,

Spoke the handsome Kaukomieli,

“If you do not heed my singing,

And it is not quite sufficient,

Still you will swell up with anguish

When an ill day comes upon you.

Thou wilt burst in two, O vile one,

O thou toad, in three will burst thou,

If I should seek out your mother,

And should search for your ancestress.

Well I know thy birth, vile creature,

Whence thou comest, earthly horror,

For Syöjätär was your mother,

And the sea-fiend was your parent.

“Syöjätär she spat in water,

In the waves she left the spittle,

By the wind ’twas rocked thereafter,

Tossed upon the water-current,

Thus for six years it was shaken,

Thus for seven whole summers drifted,

On the ocean’s shining surface,

And upon the swelling billows.

Thus for long the water stretched it,

By the sun ’twas warmed and softened,

To the land the billows drove it,

On the beach a wave upcast it.

“Walked three Daughters of Creation

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 the south end of Block Island is a line of grand cliffs from one to two hundred feet high. Some of them are grass -grown to the very beach; but most of them have a rough surface of clay and sand worn into enormous fur- rows by the rain. They are of irregular shape, some spreading out into wide plateaus on the top, others being merely a sharp point of land running out be- tween two broad ravines.

At sunset, in summer, the mists from the ocean often gather slowly in these ravines, and curl upward like colossal smoke-wreaths from subterranean homes. Gradually they spread over the island, until all road-ways, gates, and fences are obliterated, and men grope their way about by the sense of feeling. A per- son unacquainted with the labyrinthine paths of the island is as helpless in one of these thick mists as in a blinding snow-storm.

It was on such a night as this thai Massy Sprague's daughter, Toinette, was cautiously groping her way home from the cliffs. Toinette had been lying on the cliffs all the afternoon. There is a great fascination in lying flat, face down, on these cliffs, and looking over the edge, where the earth seems to be only an inch thick under your shoulders. Some-

body said once that these cliffs looked as if they had been broken off from some other side, as a loaf of cake is broken into jagged and unequal parts, with the crust left projecting here and there. Perhaps a giant did it some day, and threw his half of the loaf into the sea. But no such speculations as these had occupied the mind of Toinette this June afternoon, as she had lain with her elbows propped firmly in the knotted grass, and her chin resting on the palms of her hands, looking down on the beach below. White-sailed ships had come and gone in the blue offing, sailing south and sailing north, but Toinette had tak- en no note of them. Her eyes were riveted on the brown sand one hundred feet below her. Across this beach Ram- by Karns drove his father's cows home every night, and Toinette and Ramby had a system of signals carefully ar- ranged and thoroughly understood, by which they communicated with each other at this point upon the shore. It would seem as if two people living on an island only eight miles long and three wide need never be driven to establish- ing signal stations in mid-air, to reach each other. But Ramby's father was a fisherman, and lived in a cabin close to the one wharf on the island, on the western side; and Toinette's mother lived in a little house on the highest hill


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 TO THE HIERARCHY OF THE UNITED STATES ASSEMBLED IN THE SEVENTH PROVINCIAL COUNCIL OF BALTIMORE.

MOST REVEREND AND RIGHT REVEREND COLLEAGUES,

I venture to offer to the public a revised translation of the four Gospels, with notes directed to remove the chief difficulties that may occur in their perusal. My object is not to substitute it in public acts for the received version, but to submit it to your mature judgment and correction, and in the mean time to facilitate the study of the life of our Divine Redeemer in its only authentic records. The annotations which I have added, are for the most part selected from the holy Fathers, although occasionally I have availed myself of the researches of modern writers, unhappily estranged from Catholic communion. I cannot hope that a work which demands so much erudition and such exercise of judgment, is in every respect faultless, but I offer it as an earnest of my zeal for the correct understanding and devout study of the sacred Scriptures. These have at all times been the subject of the meditation of the prelates of the Church, and of the clergy generally, whose duty and constant endeavor it has been to refresh the faithful with the living waters drawn from these fountains of salvation.

With profound veneration and sincere attachment, I have the honor to remain,

Your devoted brother in Christ,

FRANCIS PATRICK KENRICK,

BISHOP OF PHILADELPHIA.

Philadelphia, May 1, 1849.


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text: The Complete Poems of Emily Dickinson

title: The Complete Poems of Emily Dickinson


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Runo XXVI]

On the beach of stormy ocean,

On the beach, the waves that bounded,

On the beach they saw the spittle,

And they spoke the words which follow:

‘What might perhaps of this be fashioned,

If a life by the Creator,

And if eyes were granted to it?’

“This was heard by the Creator,

And he spoke the words which follow:

‘Evil only comes from evil,

And a toad from toad’s foul vomit,

If I gave a life unto it,

And if eyes were granted to it.’

“But the words were heard by Hiisi,

One for mischief always ready,

And he set about creating;

Hiisi gave a life unto it,

Of the slime of toad disgusting,

From Syöjätär’s filthy spittle,

Formed from this a twisting serpent,

To a black snake he transformed it.

“Whence the life he gave unto it?

Life he brought from Hiisi’s coal-heap.

Whence was then its heart created?

Out of Syöjätär’s own heartstrings.

Whence the brains for this foul creature?

From a mighty torrent’s foaming.

Whence its sense obtained the monster?

From a furious cataract’s foaming.

Whence a head, this foul enchantment?

From the bean, a bean all rotten.

Whence were then its eyes created?

From a seed of flax of Lempo.

Whence were the toad’s ears created?

From the leaves of Lempo’s birch-tree.

Whence was then its mouth constructed?

Syöjätär’s own mouth supplied it.

Whence the tongue in mouth so evil?

From the spear of Keitolainen.

Teeth for such an evil creature?

title: Page:Kalevala (Kirby 1907) v2.djvu/31


text:
Page:Calcutta Review Vol. II (Oct. - Dec. 1844).pdf/358

Rh {| align=center width=50% cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2"
 * | Subjects of Study. || Number of Students. || Average age of commencing study. || Average age of completing study.
 * | Grammar || 644 || 11.4 || 20.7
 * | Lexicology || 31 || 15.7 || 17.8
 * | Literature || 90 || 18.6 || 24.9
 * | Rhetoric || 8 || 23.6 || 27.1
 * | Law || 238 || 23.2 || 33.5
 * | Logic || 277 || 17.8 || 29.0
 * | Vedanta || 3 || 24.3 || 34.6
 * | Medicine || 15 || 16.2 || 24.2
 * | Mythology || 43 || 24.6 || 31.6
 * | Astrology || 7 || 23.4 || 30.5
 * | Tantras || 2 || 27.5 || 32.5
 * }
 * | Logic || 277 || 17.8 || 29.0
 * | Vedanta || 3 || 24.3 || 34.6
 * | Medicine || 15 || 16.2 || 24.2
 * | Mythology || 43 || 24.6 || 31.6
 * | Astrology || 7 || 23.4 || 30.5
 * | Tantras || 2 || 27.5 || 32.5
 * }
 * | Astrology || 7 || 23.4 || 30.5
 * | Tantras || 2 || 27.5 || 32.5
 * }
 * | Tantras || 2 || 27.5 || 32.5
 * }

In other districts there are considerable differences as regards the numerical proportion of students pursuing the several branches of learning. Thus, in Tirhoot, while there are only 16 that study logic, there are 53 students of astrology. But, while similar variations will be found in most of the other departments, there is a remarkable uniformity throughout, as respects the average age of commencing and completing the different branches of study. grammarGrammar [sic], lexicology, and literature which includes poetical, dramatic and rhetorical productions, although begun in succession, are generally studied simultaneously; and the same remark is in some measure applicable to law, logic, and other higher departments. A glance at the foregoing table, will at once show that the average of the whole period of scholastic study varies from twelve to twenty-two years!—a prodigious proportion of the best and most active years of one’s life, if we take into account the nature and amount of the acquisitions gained!

In estimating the value of these institutions, it is important to note, that, even if the benefits conferred by them were vastly greater than they really are, these are practically limited to a single class of the community. There is not, Mr. Adam assures us, “any mutual connection or dependence between vernacular and Sanskrit schools. The former are not considered preparatory to the other; nor do the latter profess to complete the course of study which has been begun elsewhere. They are two separate classes of institutions, each existing for distinct classes of society —the one, for the trading and agricultural, and the other, for the religious and learned classes. They are so unconnected that the instruction in Bengali and Hindi, reading and writing, which is necessary at the commencement of a course of Sanskrit study, is seldom acquired in the vernacular schools, but generally under


text:
Page:Kalevala (Kirby 1907) v2.djvu/32

20

From the beard of Tuoni’s barley.

Whence its filthy gums created?

From the gums of Kalma’s maiden.

Whence was then its back constructed?

Of the coals of fire of Hiisi.

Whence its wriggling tail constructed?

From the plaits of Pahalainen.

Whence its entrails were constructed?

These were drawn from Death’s own girdle.

“This thy origin, O serpent,

This thy honour, as reported;

Black snake from the world infernal,

Serpent of the hue of Tuoni,

Hue of earth, and hue of heather,

All the colours of the rainbow.

Go from out the wanderer’s pathway,

From before the travelling hero,

Yield the pathway to the traveller,

Make a way for Lemminkainen

To the feast at Pohja holden,

Where they hold the great carousal.”

Then the snake obeyed his orders,

And the hundred-eyed drew backward,

And the great snake twisted sideways,

Turning in a new direction,

Giving thus the traveller pathway,

Making way for Lemminkainen

To the feast at Pohja holden,

And the secret-held carousal.

title: Page:Kalevala (Kirby 1907) v2.djvu/32


text:
Page:The complete poems of Emily Dickinson, (IA completepoemsofe00dick 1).pdf/337

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