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grant him bail in accordance with the Bail Act 1976 subject to a duty to appear before the Crown Court for trial.

(5) Where a magistrates’ court acting as examining justices commits any person for trial or determines to discharge him, the clerk of the court shall, on the day on which the committal proceedings are concluded or the next day, cause to be displayed in a part of the court house to which the public have access a notice—
 * (a) in either case giving that person’s name, address, and age (if known);
 * (b) in a case where the court so commits him, stating the charge or charges on which he is committed and the court to which he is committed;
 * (c) in a case where the court determines to discharge him, describing the offence charged and stating that it has so determined;

but this subsection shall have effect subject to sections 4 and 6 of the Sexual Offences (Amendment) Act 1976 (anonymity of complainant and accused in rape etc. cases).

(6) A notice displayed in pursuance of subsection (5) above shall not contain the name or address of any person under the age of 17 unless the justices in question have stated that in their opinion he would be mentioned in the notice apart from the preceding provisions of this subsection and should be mentioned in it for the purpose of avoiding injustice to him.

7. A magistrates’ court committing a person for trial shall specify the place at which he is to be tried, and in selecting that place shall have regard to—
 * (a) the convenience of the defence, the prosecution and the witnesses,
 * (b) the expediting of the trial, and
 * (c) any direction given by or on behalf of the Lord Chief Justice with the concurrence of the Lord Chancellor under section 4(5) of the Courts Act 1971.

8.—(1) Except as provided by subsections (2), (3) and (8) below, it shall not be lawful to publish in Great Britain a written report, or to broadcast in Great Britain a report, of any committal proceedings in England and Wales containing any matter other than that permitted by subsection (4) below.

(2) A magistrates’ court shall, on an application for the purpose made with reference to any committal proceedings by the accused or one of the accused, as the case may be, order that


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subsection (1) above shall not apply to reports of those proceedings.

(3) It shall not be unlawful under this section to publish or broadcast a report of committal proceedings containing any matter other than that permitted by subsection (4) below—
 * (a) where the magistrates’ court determines not to commit the accused, or determines to commit none of the accused, for trial, after it so determines;
 * (b) where the court commits the accused or any of the accused for trial, after the conclusion of his trial or, as the case may be, the trial of the last to be tried;

and where at any time during the inquiry the court proceeds to try summarily the case of one or more of the accused under section 25(3) or (7) below, while committing the other accused or one or more of the other accused for trial, it shall not be unlawful under this section to publish or broadcast as part of a report of the summary trial, after the court determines to proceed as aforesaid, a report of so much of the committal proceedings containing any such matter as takes place before the determination.

(4) The following matters may be contained in a report of committal proceedings published or broadcast without an order under subsection (2) above before the time authorised by subsection (3) above, that is to say—
 * (a) the identity of the court and the names of the examining justices;
 * (b) the names, addresses and occupations of the parties and witnesses and the ages of the accused and witnesses;
 * (c) the offence or offences, or a summary of them, with which the accused is or are charged;
 * (d) the names of counsel and solicitors engaged in the proceedings;
 * (e) any decision of the court to commit the accused or any of the accused for trial, and any decision of the court on the disposal of the case of any accused not committed;
 * (f) where the court commits the accused or any of the accused for trial, the charge or charges, or a summary of them, on which he is committed and the court to which he is committed;
 * (g) where the committal proceedings are adjourned, the date and place to which they are adjourned;

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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 * (i) whether legal aid was granted to the accused or any of the accused.

(5) If a report is published or broadcast in contravention of this section, the following persons, that is to say—
 * (a) in the case of a publication of a written report as part of a newspaper or periodical, any proprietor, editor or publisher of the newspaper or periodical;
 * (b) in the case of a publication of a written report otherwise than as part of a newspaper or periodical, the person who publishes it;
 * (c) in the case of a broadcast of a report, any body corporate which transmits or provides the programme in which the report is broadcast and any person having functions in relation to the programme corresponding to those of the editor of a newspaper or periodical,

shall be liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding £500.

(6) Proceedings for an offence under this section shall not, in England and Wales, be instituted otherwise than by or with the consent of the Attorney-General.

(7) Subsection (1) above shall be in addition to, and not in derogation from, the provisions of any other enactment with respect to the publication of reports and proceedings of magistrates’ and other courts.

(8) For the purposes of this section committal proceedings shall, in relation to an information charging an indictable offence, be deemed to include any proceedings in the magistrates’ court before the court proceeds to inquire into the information as examining justices; but where a magistrates’ court which has begun to try an information summarily discontinues the summary trial in pursuance of section 25 (2) or (6) below and proceeds to inquire into the information as examining justices, that circumstance shall not make it unlawful under this section for a report of any proceedings on the information which was published or broadcast before the court determined to proceed as aforesaid to have been so published or broadcast.

(9) Any report in a newspaper, and any broadcast report, of committal proceedings in a case where publication is permitted by virtue only of subsection (3) above, published as soon as practicable after it is so permitted, shall be treated for the purposes of section 3 of the Law of Libel Amendment Act 1888 (privilege of contemporaneous newspaper reports of court proceedings) and section 9(2) of the Defamation Act 1952 (extension


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Page:1991 North Dakota Special Session Session Laws.pdf/1

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BE IT ENACTED BYT THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF NORTH DAKOTA:

SECTION 1. Board of higher education - Bond issuance - Appropriation. The state board of higher education may issue and sell self-liquidating, tax-exempt bonds under chapter 15-55 in any amount not exceeding $2,500,500 and such additional amounts as may be necessary for the funding of any debt service reserve fund and payment of costs of issuance and to use the proceeds and other appropriated funds to construct a revenue-producing energy and environmental research center at the university of North Dakota. The proceeds from the sale of bonds, or so much thereof as may be necessary, plus any available funds received from federal or private sources are appropriated to the state board of higher education for the construction and equipping of an energy and environmental research center at the university of North Dakota. Revenues of the energy and environmental research center are appropriated to retirement of the authorized bonds. Any unexpended balance from the sale of bonds authorized by this Act must be placed in a sinking fund for the retirement of the authorized bonds. Bonds issued under the provisions of this Act may not become a general obligation of the state of North Dakota. Before issuance of bonds authorized by this Act, the state board of higher education shall secure a contractual obligation from the university of North Dakota alumni foundation, or a bond insurer or credit enhancement provider, guaranteeing payment to make up for any shortage of revenue from the energy and environmental research center to assure that the state of North Dakota does not become obligated for payments to retire the authorized bonds.

SECTION 2. EFFECTIVE DATE. This Act becomes effective on the date it is filed with the secretary of state.


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Page:Agreement relating to Malaysia (1963).djvu/174

 * (d) to personate or falsely represent himself to be or not to be a person to whom a certificate has been duly issued.

 * (2) In this section certificate means—

 * (a) any certificate of enrolment or registration as a citizen granted under Article 56, 57 or 58 of the Constitution;

 * (b) any certificate of registration of birth granted under Article 55 or 69 of the Constitution;

 * (c) any certificate of registration or naturalization granted under the provisions of the Singapore Citizenship Ordinance, 1957;

 * (d) any certificate of citizenship issued under the Singapore Citizenship Ordinance or Article 66 of the Constitution.

11. For the purposes of Part III of the Constitution, a person born on board a registered ship or aircraft, or on board an unregistered ship or aircraft of the Government of any country, shall be deemed to have been born in the place in which the ship or aircraft was registered or, as the case may be, in that country.

12. Any reference in Part III of the Constitution to the status or description of the father of a person at the time of that person's birth shall, in relation to a person born after the death of his father, be construed as a reference to the status or description of the father at the time of the death of the father; and where that death occurred before and the birth occurs on or after the date of the coming into operation of the Constitution the status or description which would have been applicable to the father had he died after the date of such coming into operation shall be deemed to be the status or description applicable to him at the time of his death.

13. Any new born child found exposed in the State of unknown and unascertainable parentage, shall until the contrary is proved, be deemed to be a citizen of Singapore by birth; and the date of finding shall be taken to be the date of birth of such child.

14. For the purposes of Part III of the Constitution, a person is to be treated as having at birth any citizenship which he acquires within one year afterwards by virtue of any provision corresponding to the proviso to clause (1) of Article 55 of the Constitution or otherwise.

15.—(1) For the purposes of Part III of the Constitution, references to a person's father or to his parent or to one of his parents shall in relation to a person who is illegitimate be construed as references to his mother and accordingly section 12 of this Schedule shall not apply to such a person.

 * (2) In relation to an adopted child who has been adopted by an order of a court in accordance with the provisions of any law in force in the State or in any other part of the Federation or whose adoption has been registered under any written law in force in the Federation, references to a person's father or to his parent or to one of his parents shall be construed as references to the adopter.

16.—(1) For the purposes of paragraph (c) of clause (2) of Article 54 of the Constitution a person shall be treated as having been at any time a permanent resident in the Federation, if, but only if, he was then resident in the Federation and either—

 * (a) he then had permission, granted without limit of time under any Federal law, to reside there; or

 * (b) it is certified by the Government of the Federation that he is to be treated for the purposes of the said paragraph (c) of


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of the said section 3 to broadcasting) as having been published or broadcast contemporaneously with the committal proceedings.

(10) In this section—
 * “broadcast” means broadcast by wireless telegraphy sounds or visual images intended for general reception;
 * “publish”, in relation to a report, means publish the report, either by itself or as part of a newspaper or periodical, for distribution to the public.

Summary trial of information

9.—(1) On the summary trial of an information, the court shall, if the accused appears, state to him the substance of the information and ask him whether he pleads guilty or not guilty.

(2) The court, after hearing the evidence and the parties, shall convict the accused or dismiss the information.

(3) If the accused pleads guilty, the court may convict him without hearing evidence.

10.—(1) A magistrates’ court may at any time, whether before or after beginning to try an information, adjourn the trial, and may do so, notwithstanding anything in this Act, when composed of a single justice.

(2) The court may when adjourning either fix the time and place at which the trial is to be resumed, or, unless it remands the accused, leave the time and place to be determined later by the court but the trial shall not be resumed at that time and place unless the court is satisfied that the parties have had adequate notice thereof.

(3) A magistrates’ court may, for the purpose of enabling inquiries to be made or of determining the most suitable method of dealing with the case, exercise its power to adjourn after convicting the accused and before sentencing him or otherwise dealing with him; but, if it does so, the adjournment shall not be for more than 4 weeks at a time unless the court remands the accused in custody and, where it so remands him, the adjournment shall not be for more than 3 weeks at a time.

(4) On adjourning the trial of an information the court may remand the accused and, where the accused has attained the age of 17, shall do so if the offence is triable either way and—
 * (a) on the occasion on which the accused first appeared, or was brought, before the court to answer to the information he was in custody or, having been released on bail, surrendered to the custody of the court; or


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of proceedings on the information; and, where the court remands the accused, the time fixed for the resumption of the trial shall be that at which he is required to appear or be brought before the court in pursuance of the remand.

11.–(1) Subject to the provisions of this Act, where at the appearance of time and place appointed for the trial or adjourned trial of an information the prosecutor appears but the accused does not, the court may proceed in his absence.

(2) Where a summons has been issued, the court shall not begin to try the information in the absence of the accused unless either it is proved to the satisfaction of the court, on oath or in such other manner as may be prescribed, that the summons was served on the accused within what appears to the court to be a reasonable time before the trial or adjourned trial or the accused has appeared on a previous occasion to answer to the information.

(3) A magistrates’ court shall not in a person’s absence sentence him to imprisonment or detention in a detention centre or make an order under section 23 of the Powers of Criminal Courts Act 1973 that a suspended sentence passed on him shall take effect.

(4) A magistrates’ court shall not in a person’s absence impose any disqualification on him, except on resumption of the hearing after an adjournment under section 10(3) above; and where a trial is adjourned in pursuance of this subsection the notice required by section 10(2) above shall include notice of the reason for the adjournment.

12.—(1) Subject to subsection (7) below, this section shall apply where a summons has been issued requiring a person to appear before a magistrates’ court, other than a juvenile court, to answer to an information for a summary offence, not being an offence for which the accused is liable to be sentenced to be imprisoned for a term exceeding 3 months, and the clerk of the court is notified by or on behalf of the prosecutor that the following documents have been served upon the accused with the summons, that is to say—
 * (a) a notice containing such statement of the effect of this section as may be prescribed; and
 * (b) a concise statement in the prescribed form of such facts relating to the charge as will be placed before the court by or on behalf of the prosecutor if the accused pleads guilty without appearing before the court.


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UNCLASSIFIED TOP SECRET////NOFORN water was being poured on him and one of the interrogators asserted that this was because of the cold temperature of the water. Both of the interrogators also stated that al-Hawsawi saw the waterboard and that its purpose was made clear to him. The inspector general report also indicates that al-Hawsawi's experience reflected "the way water dousing was done at [DETENTION SITE COBALT]," and that this method was developed with guidance from CIA CTC attorneys and the CIA's Office of Medical Services.

( TS////NF ) During the same time that al-Hawsawi claimed he was placed on the waterboard in April 2003, a CIA linguist claimed that CIA detainee Abu Hazim had also been water doused in away that approximated waterboarding. An accusation related to an additional detainee was included in a September 6, 2012, Human Rights Watch report entitled, "Delivered Into Enemy Hands." The report asserts that documents and interviews of former detainees contradict CIA claims that "only three men in US custody had been waterboarded." Specifically, the report states that Mohammed Shoroeiya, aka Abd al-Karim, "provided detailed and credible testimony that he was waterboarded on repeated occasions duringUS intenogations in Afghanistan." According to the report, Mohammed Shoroeiya stated that a hood was placed over his head and he was strapped to a "wooden board." The former CIA detainee stated that after being strapped to the waterboard, "then they start with the water pouring... They start to pour water to the point where you feel like you are suffocating." As detailed in the full Committee Study, Mohammed Shoroeiya, aka Abd al-Karim, was rendered to CIA custody at DETENTION SITE on April  2003. While there are no CIA records of Mohammed Shoroeiya, aka Abd al-Karim, being subjected to the waterboard at DETENTION SITE, the full nature of the CIA Interrogations at DETENTION SITE remains largely unknown. Detainees at DETENTION SITE were subjected to techniques that were not recorded in cable traffic, including multiple periods of sleep deprivation, required standing, loud music, sensory deprivation, extended isolation, reduced quantity and quality of food, nudity, and "rough treatment." As described, Volume III of the Committee Study includes a CIA photograph of a wooden waterboard at DETENTION SITE. As detailed in the full Committee Study, there are no records of the CIA using the waterboard intenogation technique at DETENTION SITE. The waterboard device in the photograph is surrounded by buckets, with a bottle of unknown pink solution (filled two thirds of the way to the top) and a watering can resting on the wooden beams of waterboard. In meetings between the Committee staff and the CIA in the summer of 2013, the CIA was unable to explain the details ofthe photograph, to include the buckets, solution, and watering can, as well as the waterboard's presence at DETENTION SITE. In response to the allegations in the September 2012 Human Rights Watch report, the CIA stated: "The agency has been on the record that there are three substantiated cases in which detainees were subjected to the waterboarding technique under the program." See "Libyan Alleges Waterboarding by CIA, Report Says," New York Times, September 6, 2012. , a linguist in Country from, 2003, until , 2003, told the OIG that;

"when water dousing was used on Abu Hazim, a cloth covered Abu Hazim's face, and [ [CIA OFFICER 1] poured cold water directly on Abu Hazim's face to disrupt his breathing. [The linguist] said that when Abu Hazim turned blue, Physician's Assistant [] removed the cloth so that Abu Hazim could breathe."

( TS////NF ) This allegation was reported to the CIA inspector general on August 18, 2004. The CIA reported this incident as a possible criminal violation on September TOP SECRET////NOFORN Page 107 of 499

UNCLASSIFIED


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(2) Subject to subsections (3) to (5) below, where the clerk of the court receives a notification in writing purporting to be given by the accused or by a solicitor acting on his behalf that the accused desires to plead guilty without appearing before the court, the clerk of the court shall inform the prosecutor of the receipt of the notification and if at the time and place appointed for the trial or adjourned trial of the information the accused does not appear and it is proved to the satisfaction of the court, on oath or in such other manner as may be prescribed, that the notice and statement of facts referred to in subsection (1) above have been served upon the accused with the summons, then—
 * (a) subject to section 11(3) and (4) above, the court may proceed to hear and dispose of the case in the absence of the accused, whether or not the prosecutor is also absent, in like manner as if both parties had appeared and the accused had pleaded guilty; or
 * (b) if the court decides not to proceed as aforesaid, the court shall adjourn or further adjourn the trial for the purpose of dealing with the information as if the notification aforesaid had not been given.

(3) If at any time before the hearing the clerk of the court receives an intimation in writing purporting to be given by or on behalf of the accused that he wishes to withdraw the notification aforesaid, the clerk of the court shall inform the prosecutor thereof and the court shall deal with the information as if this section had not been passed.

(4) Before accepting the plea of guilty and convicting the accused in his absence under subsection (2) above, the court shall cause the notification and statement of facts aforesaid, including any submission received with the notification which the accused wishes to be brought to the attention of the court with a view to mitigation of sentence, to be read out before the court.

(5) If the court proceeds under subsection (2) above to hear and dispose of the case in the absence of the accused, the court shall not permit any statement to be made by or on behalf of the prosecutor with respect to any facts relating to the offence charged other than the statement of facts aforesaid except on a resumption of the trial after an adjournment under section 10(3) above.

(6) In relation to an adjournment by reason of the requirements of paragraph (b) of subsection (2) above or to an adjournment on the occasion of the accused’s conviction in his absence under that subsection, the notice required by section 10(2) above shall include notice of the reason for the adjournment.


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(7) The Secretary of State may by order made by statutory instrument provide that this section shall not apply in relation to such offences (in addition to an offence for which the accused is liable to be sentenced to be imprisoned for a term exceeding 3 months) as may be specified in the order, and any order under this subsection—
 * (a) may vary or revoke any previous order thereunder; and
 * (b) shall not be made unless a draft thereof has been approved by resolution of each House of Parliament,

(8) Any such notice or statement as is mentioned in subsection (1) above may be served in Scotland with a summons which is so served under the Summary Jurisdiction (Process) Act 1881.

13.'—(1) Subject to the provisions of this section, where the court, instead of proceeding in the absence of the accused, adjourns or further adjourns the trial, the court may, if the information has been substantiated on oath, issue a warrant for his arrest.

(2) Where a summons has been issued, the court shall not issue a warrant under this section unless either it is proved to the satisfaction of the court, on oath or in such other manner as may be prescribed, that the summons was served on the accused within what appears to the court to be a reasonable time before the trial or adjourned trial or the accused has appeared on a previous occasion to answer to the information.

(3) A warrant for the arrest of any person who has attained the age of 17 shall not be issued under this section unless—
 * (a) the offence to which the warrant relates is punishable with imprisonment; or
 * (b) the court, having convicted the accused, proposes to impose a disqualification on him.

(4) This section shall not apply to an adjournment by reason of the requirements of paragraph (b) of subsection (2) of section 12 above or to an adjournment on the occasion of the accused’s conviction in his absence under that subsection.

(5) Where the court adjourns the trial-
 * (a) after having, either on that or on a previous occasion, received any evidence or convicted the accused without hearing evidence on his pleading guilty under section 9(3) above; or
 * (b) after having on a previous occasion convicted the accused without hearing evidence on his pleading guilty under section 12(2) above,

the court shall not issue a warrant under this section unless it thinks it undesirable, by reason of the gravity of the offence, to continue the trial in the absence of the accused.


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 bottle. Finally, the black bottle went round till it was empty, and there was so much shaking of hands and interchanging of compliments, that even the metal-visaged Mr. Martin condescended to smile.

"And now," said Bob Sawyer, rubbing his hands, "we'll have a jolly night."

"I am sorry," said Mr. Pickwick, "that I must return to my inn. I have not been accustomed to fatigue lately, and my journey has tired me exceedingly."

"You'll take some tea, Mr. Pickwick?" said the old lady, with irresistible sweetness.

"Thank you, I would rather not," replied that gentleman. The truth is, that the old lady's evidently increasing admiration, was Mr. Pickwick's principal inducement for going away. He thought of Mrs. Bardell; and every glance of the old lady's eyes threw him into a cold perspiration.

As Mr. Pickwick could by no means be prevailed upon to stay, it was arranged at once, on his own proposition, that Mr. Benjamin Allen should accompany him on his journey to the elder Mr. Winkle's, and that the coach should be at the door, at nine o'clock next morning. He then took his leave, and, followed by Samuel Weller, repaired to the Bush. It is worthy of remark, that Mr. Martin's face was horribly convulsed as he shook hands with Sam at parting, and that he gave vent to a smile and an oath simultaneously: from which tokens it has been inferred by those who were best acquainted with that gentleman's peculiarities, that he expressed himself much pleased with Mr. Weller's society, and requested the honour of his further acquaintance.

"Shall I order a private room, sir?" inquired Sam, when they reached the Bush.

"Why, no, Sam," replied Mr. Pickwick; "as I dined in the coffee room, and shall go to bed soon, it is hardly worth while. See who there is in the travellers' room, Sam."

Mr. Weller departed on his errand, and presently returned to say, that there was only a gentleman with one eye; and


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 that he and the landlord were drinking a bowl of bishop together.

"I will join them," said Mr. Pickwick.

"He's a queer customer, the vun-eyed vun, sir," observed Mr. Weller, as he led the way. "He's a gammonin' that 'ere landlord, he is, sir, till he don't rightly know wether he's a standing on the soles of his boots or the crown of his hat."

The individual to whom this observation referred, was sitting at the upper end of the room when Mr. Pickwick entered, and was smoking a large Dutch pipe, with his eye intently fixed on the round face of the landlord: a jolly looking old personage, to whom he had recently been relating some tale of wonder, as was testified by sundry disjointed exclamations of, "Well, I wouldn't have believed it! The strangest thing I ever heard! Couldn't have supposed it possible!" and other expressions of astonishment which burst spontaneously from his lips, as he returned the fixed gaze of the one-eyed man.

"Servant, sir," said the one-eyed man to Mr. Pickwick. "Fine night, sir."

"Very much so indeed," replied Mr. Pickwick, as the waiter placed a small decanter of brandy, and some hot water before him.

While Mr. Pickwick was mixing his brandy and water, the eye-eyed man looked round at him earnestly, from time to time, and at length said:

"I think I've seen you before."

"I don't recollect you," rejoined Mr. Pickwick.

"I dare say not," said the one-eyed man. "You didn't know me, but I knew two friends of yours that were stopping at the Peacock at Eatanswill, at the time of the Election."

"Oh, indeed!" exclaimed Mr. Pickwick.

"Yes," rejoined the one-eyed man. "I mentioned a little circumstance to them about a friend of mine of the name of Tom Smart. Perhaps you've heard them speak of it."


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text: Wallenstein/The Death of Wallenstein/A3S05


text: Wallenstein/The Death of Wallenstein/A3S06


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 against her will: the courts awarding damages to the girl varying from $750 in Pennsylvania and $2,500 in New York, to $1.15 in New Jersey. And while there are Anti-Osculation Leagues, with stern medical warnings of the danger of kissing, the custom shows no evidence of diminution. The kissing of children on the mouth, even by parents, is liable to be harmful; if the medicos are to be believed, diphtheria, malaria, scarlet fever, colds and pulmonary taints, blood poison, and at times death, lurk in the kiss. Let the children, then, remain unkissed, except for the cheek: but, with the proper girl, we would brave ten million germs for one taste of what the old Georgia farmer described as "sucking sugar."


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 writing over a hundred years later, viewed the spectacle more sourly: he abhorred "the common salutation of women," and punctured the arguments of those who called these "holy kisses" thus:

The kiss at the point of death is not unknown in English chronicles. When Nelson was dying on board his flagship, he turned to his faithful friend at his side: "Kiss me, Hardy!" These were the last words he uttered. Sir Walter Scott, when dying, took leave of his friend Lockhart in the same fashion. The kiss among men, once popular in England, came over when England aped French notions of chivalry. Germany has the same custom: in 1888, when the Emperor William met the Czar at St. Petersburg, the two rulers embraced and kissed several times. As the kiss among men entered England, the general kissing of women declined—all due to the innovations of the "old goat," Charles II, at the time of the Restoration. Even canny Scotland has widespread kissing chronicled in several periods.

The state of kissing in the United States today is generally well known: it is a far cry from our liberality to the old Blue Laws of Connecticut, with a heavy penalty for kissing one's wife on Sundays or fast days, and, for all we know, boiling in oil for kissing the wife of another. It is still unlawful to kiss a girl


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 in Finland, but it is frowned upon as something tending upon the immoral. Iceland—thus does a frigid climate affect current standards of morality!—has elaborate penalties for most forms of kissing, including exclusion from the country for kissing another's man's wife, and a heavy fine for even a permitted kiss from an unmarried woman. Far to the south, in Paraguay, the custom requires you to kiss every lady you are introduced to. Since, at one time, all the females above thirteen chewed tobacco, this is a mixed blessing, even with maidens as attractive as South America produces.

In England, the story is that the kiss was introduced by Rowena, the beautiful daughter of Hengist the Saxon marauder. At a banquet given by King Vortigern to his Saxon allies, the princess is said to have kissed the delighted monarch upon the lips. By the time of Edward IV, a guest was expected, upon arrival and departure, to kiss his hostess and all the ladies of the household. In 1497, when Erasmus was in England, the practice was at its height; the good reformer approved:

John Bunyan, author of Pilgrim's Progress,


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 strike a woman, in the assembly, under pain of execution." If manners were, as this rule indicates, a trifle crude under Catherine, under her husandhusband [sic], Peter the Great, who preceded her, they were a wee mite rougher. In the charming Peter the Czar, by, Peter's love technique is described:

She drowns herself in the river outside the palace.

Peter's technique was a bit too crude. Perhaps, if he had read this handbook of love and kissing, he might have loved the duchess with more diplomacy and more general enjoyment.

In Norway, one perplexing and, at times, delightful salute is furnished by one's hostess. The good woman always tucks her guest into bed for the night, and then gives him a resounding kiss upon the lips. As a rule, however, there is no second kiss. The kiss is known


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 But in France the custom was once far more liberal. When the gallant cardinal, John of Lorraine, was presented to the Duchess of Savoy, she gave him her hand to kiss. The indignant churchman exclaimed, "How, madam? Am I to be treated in this manner? I kiss the queen, my mistress, who is the greatest queen in the world; and shall I not kiss you, a dirty little duchess?" Without more words, he caught hold of the princess and kissed her three times on the lips. France, alas, retains the custom of kissing among men. During the World War, every decoration given by a French general was accompanied by a hearty smack upon both cheeks. In an army of Amazons no one might object to this; but deliver me from formal masculine osculation!

In Russia, the Easter salutation is a kiss. Everybody kissed everybody, under the old regime, on this occasion. The Czar, who must have been a glutton for punishment, had to kiss his family, retinue, court, attendants, officers on parade, the palace sentinels, and a select party of private soldiers. In any part of Russia the poorest serf, meeting a high-born dame on the street, had only to say "Christ is risen!" to receive "Christ is truly risen" in reply, accompanied by a resounding kiss. Today it is probable that one of the old serfs is not above kissing a duchess who salutes him with the old sesame. It was the great Catherine of Russia who instituted assemblies of men and women, to aid the cultivation of manners. One of her rules for maintaining decency was: "No gentleman should force a kiss from, or


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 out kissing. The Celtic tongue, as Rhys found out, has no word for kiss, but uses the Latin pax, which means literally "peace," because it occurs in the religious phrase osculum pacis, kiss of peace. Yet the Welsh Cymri early learned kissing. Its religious use is widespread. Among European pagans, house gods were greeted, on entering and leaving, with a kiss. The Eastern and Western churches have derived from this such customs as kissing the relics of saints, the foot of the pope, and the hands of bishops. The surviving custom of kissing the Testament, on administering an oath in many of our courts, is a vestige of the dying religious usage.

Yet the kiss made its way slightly into the East. The Arabic Perfumed Garden recommends the kiss, especially on the inside of the mouth. In feudal times in Europe, the vassal kissed the hand of his superior, or some symbol of the lord. Pliny may have been facetious when he said that the custom of kissing women originated in Rome, as a method of the husband's to test whether his wife had been drinking liquor or not. The custom, when extended to other women, justified itself. In France, the good girl is supposed to save her lips for her husband. This is so true, that Mme. Adam wrote that, when she first let a man kiss her as a girl, she thought she had parted with her virtue, and was sure that a child would follow the kiss. A similar misconception prevails among writers for and censors of American movies, if we are to judge by their product.


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 Eye hath not seen, nor ear hath heard, From fancy 'tis concealed, What Thou, Lord, hast laid up to Thine, And hast to me revealed.

I see Thy face, I hear Thy voice, I taste Thy sweetest love, My soul doth leap, but, O for winds, The winds of Noah's dove! Then should I flee from hence away, Leaving this world of sin; Then should my Lord put forth His hand, And kindly take me in.

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thy Creator now, In these thy youthful days, He will accept thy earliest vow, And listen to thy praise.

Remember thy Creator now, And seek Him while He's near, For evil days will come, when thou Shalt find no comfort near,

Remember thy Creator now, His willing servant be; Then when thy head in death shall bow, He will remember thee.

Almighty God! our hearts incline Thy heavenly voice to hear; Let all our future days be Thine, Devoted to Thy fear.

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, Holy Ghost, our souls inspire, And lighten with celestial fire; Thou the appointing Spirit art, Who dost Thy sevenfold gifts impart.

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 That Roman love-kisses were not frigid is indicated by many lines in the poets. Thus Catullus wrote:

Horace, in one of his odes, refers to the same nibbling propensity of Roman women and men:

The Spread of Kissing.—With this good start, the admirable custom of kissing spread over the world: but its progress was slow. It did not conquer the Orient: Japan, China, India, still have small use for it. Among nearly all the black races of Africa, not only is the kiss between lovers unknown, but the mother's kiss is usually unknown. Among the American Indians, the lip kiss was not found, although the mouth might be used in the love episode. The Fuegians, in South America, have the custom of lovers rubbing their cheeks together. The present limited kissing among Australian natives may be due to white lessons.

Today, the kiss is known through Europe, and among Europeans everywhere, with the single exception of Lapland. Yet, even in Europe, it is a comparatively modern discovery, spreading first to the higher classes, and then down. One medieval ballad has the lady of the castle discover that a varlet has substituted himself for the absent lord during the night, by remembering that the varlet embraced with-


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 the Greeks, Homer scarcely knew the kiss, and later poets mentioned it only rarely.

When we come to Rome, the kiss has a more varied practice. There was the religious kiss, similar to Job's: persons were treated as atheists who would not kiss their hands when they entered a temple. In early Roman ages, the kiss was given by inferiors to superiors; in the pre-Cæsarean republic, this fell into disrepute. The emperors restored the practice of kissing hands, which gradually was etherealized until the crowd had to kiss their hands to the emperors, as one would to a god. Solomon spoke of the same custom among the Hebrews, and Cortez found it among the Mexicans whom he pillaged. A strange custom in Rome was to give the dying a last kiss, in order, as they thought, to catch the dying breath. As for kissing among men, let Martial, the old satirist, speak for Rome:

He gives the other side of the picture, when he describes the kisses of his favorite:


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 Rachel is said to have been a young and attractive damsel; but why the weeping? Something must be left out of the story: perhaps she would let him kiss her but once. And, in the great love song of the Old Testament, we find what we are seeking: "Then let him kiss me with the kisses of his mouth" (Song of Solomon i 2). We can overlook countless kissings of the dust, to show humble subjection, for one real description of the kiss of love like this. The Old Testament worthies were on the right track, after all. The other kisses made us feel like the British soldier in Kipling's Mandalay:

But we have arrived at last at a real kiss, and with this we can pass onward.

We learn that Arabian women and children kiss the beards of their husbands and fathers, which must be about as thrilling as kissing a shredded wheat biscuit or a clothes brush. The Mohammedans, on their pious pilgrimage to Mecca, kiss the sacred black stone, which was worshipped long before Mohammed was born. In Egypt, the inferior kisses the hand of a superior, generally on the back, but sometimes on the palm; the son kisses the hand of his father, the wife that of her husband, the slave and servant that of their master. Here the kiss spells subjection. We know that, among


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 clude women as well: the perfect Christian greeted both man and women with a "holy kiss," or a "kiss of charity." There are some Christians whom it would indeed be charity to kiss—but the custom had its advantages. David's kiss to Absalom betokened reconciliation with the rebel; and the king's command, in the Psalms, was that all should kiss the king, the Lord's Son, or be genially wiped out for omitting the kiss of subjection.

The kiss among relatives was not unknown: Laban eldered Jacob for not permitting Laban to kiss his sons and daughters, and Elisha asked permission of Elijah to kiss his father and mother. The kiss betokened approbation also: "Every man shall kiss his lips that giveth a right answer" (Prov. xxiv 26). This is a custom we are glad has passed. Indiscriminate kissing from many men in public life, for instance, we would regard as a punishment beyond any that savage ingenuity could devise. The woman who had sinned kissed the feet of Jesus, in token of her reformed adoration. And there was the kiss of treachery, given by an enemy, warned against in Proverbs, and used by Joab in murdering Amasa, and by Judas in delivering Jesus to the posse that sought him.

So far, we have not had the kiss of love, between man and woman. Naomi's kisses to her daughters-in-law were not quite the love that we mean, but we find it, too, sparsely scattered through the Bible. Thus, upon their first meeting, we read: "And Jacob kissed Rachel, and lifted up his voice and wept" (Gen. xxix 11). The kiss is understandable, for


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 II THE HISTORY OF LIP KISSING

In Antiquity.—The antiquity of lip kissing may be traced, in no very pronounced form, to the Aryan and Semitic peoples. Among the ancient Arabs, and their Semitic relatives, the Hebrews, the kiss had many uses, most of these being related to religion. The kiss was used as a direct method of worship of some gods: "Let the men that sacrifice kiss the calves" (Hosea xiii 2). Similarly the Lord said to Elijah: "Yet I have left me seven thousand in Israel, all the knees which have not bowed unto Baal, and every mouth which hath not kissed him" (I Kings xix 18). A stranger religious rite is referred to by Job (xxxi 27) when he refers to kissing his hand to the moon or sun, as a symbol of worship.

The kiss of salutation, especially among men, was common. Thus Jacob kissed his father Isaac; Joseph kissed all his brethren, his sons, and his father; Aaron kissed Moses, and Moses in turn kissed his father-in-law Jethro; Samuel, when he anointed Saul as king, kissed him; David kissed Jonathan, and later his son Absalom; and Absalom kissed all who came to see him, in order to win their allegiance by this grant of near-royal favor. Later all the Macedonian Christians kissed Paul, as he was leaving them. This kiss was extended, among the early Christians, to in-


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 ties, it will seem as tepid and insipid as warmed-over buckwheat cakes, or campaign pledges a week after election. Yet, throughout most of the world, our kiss is regarded as inelegant to the highest degree; and the nose kiss as the height of human ecstasy. Similarly a man who had never eaten anything but hardtack might regard it as the height of culinary art.


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 and of the kiss. There is a Puritan tradition behind many of us, which forbids kissing any woman but one's wife (or, by grudging extension, one's fiancee): and which even forbids kissing one's wife on Sundays and holy days. The latter prohibition, some husbands hold, might well be broadened; but the very spice of love lies in kissing one who is not one's wife or husband, if popular belief is at all right. This Puritan tradition has had its weight; it has made women offer lips no more attractive than damp salt mackerel, and men try to kiss a human being as if she were the man's mother-in-law. Then there is the recoil from this tradition, which makes a man's first kiss like a vacuum cleaner, often alarming the girl for life; and a girl's first kiss so marvelous, that all proper sense of climax is lost. There is ample room for a little common science on the heavenly art of kissing.

Leaping away, then, from the European or lip kiss, we find that much more widely distributed throughout the world of men is the nose or olfactory kiss. As performed by the Japanese, this kiss involves three distinct stages:

Kisses similar to this are the staple product in China, India, Ceylon, much of Africa. The connoisseur in kisses might try this variety: but, compared to many of the Occidental varie-


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 (c) The Secretary of Health and Human Services shall survey community- support models addressing mental health, homelessness, and addiction. Within 90 days of the date of this order, the Secretary of Health and Human Services shall summarize the results of this survey in a report to the President, through the Assistant to the President for Domestic Policy and the Director of the Office of Management and Budget, which shall include specific recommendations regarding how appropriated funds can be reallocated to support widespread adoption of successful models and recommendations for additional funding, if needed.

(d) The Secretary of Health and Human Services shall, in coordination with the Attorney General and the Director of the Office of Management and Budget, prioritize resources, as appropriate and consistent with applicable law, to implement community-support models as recommended in the report described in subsection (c) of this section.

Sec. 5. Legislation and Grant Programs. (a) The Attorney General, in consultation with the Assistant to the President for Domestic Policy and the Director of the Office of Management and Budget, shall develop and propose new legislation to the Congress that could be enacted to enhance the tools and resources available to improve law enforcement practices and build community engagement.

(b) The legislation described in subsection (a) of this section shall include recommendations to enhance current grant programs to improve law enforcement practices and build community engagement, including through:

(i) assisting State and local law enforcement agencies with implementing the credentialing process described in section 2 of this order, the reporting described in section 3 of this order, and the co-responder and community-support models described in section 4 of this order;

(ii) training and technical assistance required to adopt and implement improved use–of-force policies and procedures, including scenario-driven de-escalation techniques;

(iii) retention of high-performing law enforcement officers and recruitment of law enforcement officers who are likely to be high-performing;

(iv) confidential access to mental health services for law enforcement officers; and

(v) programs aimed at developing or improving relationships between law enforcement and the communities they serve, including through community outreach and listening sessions, and supporting non-profit organizations that focus on improving stressed relationships between law enforcement officers and the communities they serve.

Sec. 6. General Provisions. (a) Nothing in this order shall be construed to impair or otherwise affect:

(i) the authority granted by law to an executive department or agency, or the head thereof; or

(ii) the functions of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget relating to budgetary, administrative, or legislative proposals.

(b) This order shall be implemented consistent with applicable law and subject to the availability of appropriations.

title: Page:Executive Order 13929.pdf/3


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24 will be wiser because instructed by a greater number of examples? And is the number of examples which they will have in memory really greater? Already the instances of China, Egypt, Greece and Rome are almost lost in the mists of antiquity; they are known, except by infrequent report, to the archaeologist only, and but dimly and uncertainly to him. The brief and imperfect record of yesterdays which we call History is like that traveling vine of India which, taking new root as it advances, decays at one end while it grows at the other, and so is constantly perishing and finally lost in all the spaces which it has over-passed.

From the few and precious writings that have descended to us from the early period of the American republic we get a clear if fragmentary view of the disorders and lawlessness affecting that strange and unhappy nation. Leaving the historically famous "labor troubles" for more extended consideration, we may summarize here a few of the results of hardly more than a century and a quarter of "self-government" as it existed on this continent just previously to the awful end. At the beginning of the "twentieth century" a careful study by trustworthy con-


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 the emotion of having stepped off of a neck-high stretch in the river into a pool of immeasurable depth. If this is definitely the case, the only thing to do is to paddle toward one side or the other, in the hope of reaching firm ground once more.

Something as to the kissability of a girl is taught, ordinarily, by the external appearance of her teeth. We are indebted to Freud for the discovery that protruding teeth, while they may be esthetically a blemish, are at the same time an advertisement of a passionate nature. Such teeth usually derive from the girl's habit, while an infant and a small child, of continuing to suck at pacifiers, fingers or any object handy, until she has pulled her teeth out of normal alignment. This continuing at sucking indicates a strong sexual nature: and the lack of flawless beauty in such girls is more than made up for by their ample passion. The girl with prominent teeth is usually made love to and mated far before her sister, who is built more on the lines of a Grecian baby grand Venus.

Kissing Relatives.—The matter of selectiveness determines what kind of kiss you give to your relatives. In the South, the custom of discovering that you and any pretty girl you meet are "kissing cousins" is an enjoyable one; and, needless to say, having selected such cousin with proper discrimination, you treat the kiss as the means to enjoyment as great as that with any girl who measures up to your particular standard of female attractiveness. With relatives in general, especially with


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 D. (C.) s. corpulentum Ménétriés, 1832 from Talysh mountains (including Iranian part). Six subspecies are distributed in Iran: D. (C.) s. babakkalense, '''ssp. n. (type locality – Āzarbāijān-e Sharqi province, Babak-Kale environs, 38°50΄48.48΄΄N, 46°59΄2.40΄΄E, 2100 m) – Karadag Ridge in north-west Iran, D. (C.) s. subcorpulentum Breuning, 1946 (type locality – Khoy [about 38°33΄N, 44°57΄E]) – eastwards Urmia lake, D. (C.) s. sagezense Lazarev, 2013 (type locality – Kordestan, 6 km N Sagez) east- and southwards Urmia lake, D. (C.) s. sahandum, ssp. n.''' (type locality – Āzarbāijān-e Sharqi province, Kandovan environs, southwards Tabriz, 37°48΄21.96΄΄N, 46°18΄27.72΄΄E, 2350 m) – Sahand Mts. environs and eastwards, D. (C.) s. skoupyi Lazarev, 2013 (type locality – eastwards Khalkhal, 37°35΄ N 48°38΄E, 2068 m) – Ardabil province, D. (C.) s. gilanense Lazarev, 2013 (type locality – Gilan, Kharpu env.) – mountains south-westwards Caspean see. Sixteen subspecies are distributed in Turkey: D. (C.) s. crassofasciatum Özdikmen, 2013 (type locality – Balikesir province, Edremit, Sarikiz hill, 39°42΄N, 26°49΄E”) – the most north-western area of Turkey, D. (C.) s. balikesirense Breuning, 1962 (type locality – Balikesir environs [about 39°38΄N, 27°52΄E]) – central part of Balikesir prov., D. (C.) s. uludaghicum Breuning, 1970 (type locality – Ulu-Dagh Mountain near Bursa [about 40°06΄N, 29°10΄E]) – Bursa province, D. (C.) s. inonuense, '''ssp. n. (type locality – northwards Inönü westwards Eskişehir, about 39°48΄N, 30°08΄E) – Eskişehir province, D. (C.) s. apakoyense, ssp. n.' (type locality – Apaköy environs southwards Denizli, about 37°30΄29΄΄N, 29°21΄19΄΄E) – Denizli province, D. (C.) s. paphlagonicum Breuning, 1962 (type locality – Kastamonu env. [about 41°23΄N, 33°46΄E].) – Kastamonu, Çankiri, Ankara and probably Çorum provinces, D. (C.) s. yahyaliense Bernhauer & Peks, 2011 (type locality – Kayseri province, 38 km eastwards Yahyali (120 km eastwards Niğde) [about 38°5΄24΄΄N, 35°45΄34΄΄E] 1900 m.) – Kayseri, Niğde and Adana provinces, D. (C.) s. antonkozlovi Danilevsky, 2017 (type locality – Güney village environs, 37°36΄57΄΄N, 34°29΄50΄΄E) – Niğde province, D. (C.) s. caramanicum K. Daniel & J. Daniel, 1903 (type locality – Bulghar Maaden [about 37°27΄N, 34°37΄26΄΄E]) – Niğde province, D. (C.) s. salhanum'', ssp. n. (type locality - Bingöl province, 6 km south-eastwards Salhan, Buglan Pass, 38°56΄9΄΄N, 41°6΄42΄΄E, 1800 m) – from Kahramanmaraş to Bitlis, D. (C.) s. alucranum, '''ssp. n.''' (type locality – Alucra environs, about 40°19΄7΄΄N, 38°45΄56΄΄E) – Girezun province,


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 (c) This order is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by any party against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person.

THE WHITE HOUSE, June 16, 2020.

title: Page:Executive Order 13929.pdf/4


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 M.A. LAZAREV

A revision of subspecies structure of Dorcadion (Cribridorcadion) scabricolle (Dalman, 1817) (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae)

Moscow

IAE

2020


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 M.A. LAZAREV

A revision of subspecies structure of Dorcadion (Cribridorcadion) scabricolle (Dalman, 1817) (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae)


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 D. (C.) s. lazistanum, '''ssp. n. (type locality – Gümüşhane environs, 40°27΄26΄΄N, 39°28΄14΄΄E, 1300 m) – Gümüşhane province; D. (C.) s. hajdajorum, ssp. n. (type locality - Başören environs [about 38°28΄N, 30°27΄E], 1800-2000 m) – Afyonkarahisar province, D. (C.) s. korbianum, ssp. n. (type locality - Akşehir environs [about 38°21΄N, 31°25΄E]) – Konya province; D. (C.) s. gazii, ssp. n.''' (type locality – Seyitgazi environs [about 39°26΄44΄΄N 30°41΄38΄΄E]) – Eskişehir province.


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 Introduction

D. scabricolle is one of the most common and widely distributed Dorcadion species in Transcaucasia, Turkey and Iran. It is characterized by very strong geographical variability and 39 subspecies are here accepted. A carefull investigation of big series from different localities allows separating 21 new subspecies.

Materials and methods

Photographs were taken with Canon PowerShot G10 digital camera equipped with Cannon Zoom lens 5X IS 6.1-30.5 mm 1:2.8-4.5, Canon PowerShot SX150 IS digital camera equipped with Cannon Zoom lens 12X IS 5.0-60.0 mm 1:3.4-5.6 and Canon PowerShot A640 equipped with Cannon Zoom lens 4X 7.3-29.2 mm 1:2.8- 4.1 and microscope AmScope SM745NTP. All photographs were edited with Adobe Photoshop 7.0 and Helicon Focus 3.20.

Types and other material studied are deposited in the following collections: EH – collection of E.Hajdaj (Ježov, Czech Republic) IP – collection of I.Pljushtch (Kiev, Ukraine) KH – collection of K.Hodek (Brno, Czech Republic) LK – collection of L.Klapka (Česká Lípa, Czech Republic) MD – collection of M.Danilevsky (Moscow, Russia) ML – collection of M.Lazarev (Moscow, Russia) MM – collection of M.Michálik (Hlinik nad Hronom, Slovakia) MS – collection of M.Smirnov (Ivanovo, Moscow Region, Russia) NMP – collection of National Museum (Prague, Czech Republic) PK – collection of P.Kabátek (Prague, Czech Republic) PS – collection of P.Stěpánek (Kladno city, Czech Republic) SM – collection of S.Murzin (Moscow, Russia) VK – collection of V.Kadnikov (Moscow, Russia) VS – collection of V.Skoupý, (Kamenné Žehrovice, Czech Republic) ZIN – collection of Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences (Saint Petersburg, Russia) ZMM – collection of Zoological Museum of Moscow State University (Moscow, Russia)


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Rh

14.—(1) Where a summons has been issued under section 1 above and a magistrates’ court has begun to try the information to which the summons relates, then, if—
 * (a) the accused, at any time during or after the trial, makes a statutory declaration that he did not know of the summons or the proceedings until a date specified in the declaration, being a date after the court has begun to try the information; and
 * (b) within 21 days of that date the declaration is served on the clerk to the justices,

without prejudice to the validity of the information, the summons and all subsequent proceedings shall be void.

(2) For the purposes of subsection (1) above a statutory declaration shall be deemed to be duly served on the clerk to the justices if it is delivered to him, or left at his office, or is sent in a registered letter or by the recorded delivery service addressed to him at his office.

(3) If on the application of the accused it appears to a magistrates’ court (which for this purpose may be composed of a single justice) that it was not reasonable to expect the accused to serve such a statutory declaration as is mentioned in subsection (1) above within the period allowed by that subsection, the court may accept service of such a declaration by the accused after that period has expired; and a statutory declaration accepted under this subsection shall be deemed to have been served as required by that subsection.

(4) Where any proceedings have become void by virtue of subsection (1) above, the information shall not be tried again by any of the same justices.

15.—(1) Where at the time and place appointed for the trial or adjourned trial of an information the accused appears or is brought before the court and the prosecutor does not appear, the court may dismiss the information or, if evidence has been received on a previous occasion, proceed in the absence of the prosecutor.

(2) Where, instead of dismissing the information or proceeding in the absence of the prosecutor, the court adjourns the trial, it shall not remand the accused in custody unless he has been brought from custody or cannot be remanded on bail by reason of his failure to find sureties.

16. Subject to section 11(3) and (4) and to section 12 above, where at the time and place appointed for the trial or adjourned trial of an information neither the prosecutor nor the accused appears, the court may dismiss the information or, if evidence has been received on a previous occasion, proceed in their absence.


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 Acknowledgements. I am very grateful to Mikhail Danilevsky (A.N. Severtzov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow), Aleksey Gusakov and Andrey Ozerov (Zoological Museum of Moscow University), Jiří Hájek (National Museum Prague, Czech Republic), Evžen Hajdaj (Ježov, Czech republic), Petr Kabátek (Prague, Czech Republic), Ladislav Klapka (Česká Lípa, Czech Republic), Andrey Lobanov (Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg), Zdeněk Chalupa (Kladno, Czech Republic), Karel Hodek (Brno, Czech Republic), Vitaliy Kadnikov (Moscow), Sergey Murzin (Moscow), Igor Pljushtch (I.I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev), Vladimir Skoupý (Kamenné Žehrovice, Czech Republic), Maxim Smirnov (Ivanovo, Moscow Region), Pavel Stěpánek (Kladno, Czech Republic) for providing me with the specimens for study.


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 Results

List of subspecies of Dorcadion scabricolle

Georgia (dark form)

Dorcadion (Cribridorcadion) scabricolle scabricolle (Dalman, 1817)

Armenia (dark form)

Dorcadion (Cribridorcadion) scabricolle shirakense, '''ssp. n.'''

Dorcadion (Cribridorcadion) scabricolle tavushense, '''ssp. n.'''

Dorcadion (Cribridorcadion) scabricolle gegarkunicum, '''ssp. n.'''

Dorcadion (Cribridorcadion) scabricolle pseudosevangense, '''ssp. n.'''

Dorcadion (Cribridorcadion) scabricolle vaykense, '''ssp. n.'''

Dorcadion (Cribridorcadion) scabricolle tekhense, '''ssp. n.'''

Dorcadion (Cribridorcadion) scabricolle tuzovi, '''ssp. n.'''

(pale form)

Dorcadion (Cribridorcadion) scabricolle sevangense Reitter, 1889

Nagorno-Karabakh Republic [Republic of Artsakh] (dark form)

Dorcadion (Cribridorcadion) scabricolle artsakhense, '''ssp. n.'''

Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic (dark form)

Dorcadion (Cribridorcadion) scabricolle buzgoviense, '''ssp. n.'''

Dorcadion (Cribridorcadion) scabricolle dobrovljanskii Suvorov, 1915

Dorcadion (Cribridorcadion) scabricolle shakhbuzum, '''ssp. n.'''

Dorcadion (Cribridorcadion) scabricolle araxense, '''ssp. n.'''

(pale form)

Dorcadion (Cribridorcadion) scabricolle nakhiczevanum Danilevsky, 1999

Dorcadion (Cribridorcadion) scabricolle paiz Danilevsky, 1999

Azerbaijan (dark form)

Dorcadion (Cribridorcadion) scabricolle modestum Tournier, 1872, '''nom. rest.'''

Dorcadion (Cribridorcadion) scabricolle corpulentum Ménétriés, 1832

Iran (dark form)

Dorcadion (Cribridorcadion) scabricolle babakkalense, '''ssp. n.'''

Dorcadion (Cribridorcadion) scabricolle subcorpulentum Breuning, 1946

Dorcadion (Cribridorcadion) scabricolle sahandum, '''ssp. n.'''

Dorcadion (Cribridorcadion) scabricolle sagezense Lazarev, 2013


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 Dorcadion (Cribridorcadion) scabricolle gilanense Lazarev, 2013

(pale form)

Dorcadion (Cribridorcadion) scabricolle skoupyi Lazarev, 2013

Turkey

(dark form)

Dorcadion (Cribridorcadion) scabricolle lazistanum, ssp. n.

Dorcadion (Cribridorcadion) scabricolle salhanum, '''ssp. n.'''

Dorcadion (Cribridorcadion) scabricolle antonkozlovi Danilevsky, 2017

Dorcadion (Cribridorcadion) scabricolle caramanicum K. Daniel & J. Daniel, 1903

Dorcadion (Cribridorcadion) scabricolle yahyaliense Bernhauer & Peks, 2011

Dorcadion (Cribridorcadion) scabricolle apakoyense, '''ssp. n.'''

Dorcadion (Cribridorcadion) scabricolle hajdajorum, '''ssp. n.'''

Dorcadion (Cribridorcadion) scabricolle korbianum, '''ssp. n.'''

Dorcadion (Cribridorcadion) scabricolle crassofasciatum Özdikmen, 2013

Dorcadion (Cribridorcadion) scabricolle balikesirense Breuning, 1962

Dorcadion (Cribridorcadion) scabricolle uludaghicum Breuning, 1970

Dorcadion (Cribridorcadion) scabricolle inonuense, '''ssp. n.'''

Dorcadion (Cribridorcadion) scabricolle gazii, '''ssp. n.'''

Dorcadion (Cribridorcadion) scabricolle alucranum, '''ssp. n.'''

Dorcadion (Cribridorcadion) scabricolle paphlagonicum Breuning, 1962


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 Dorcadion (Cribridorcadion) scabricolle (Dalman, 1817) Figs 1-128; Maps: 1-3 Lamia (Dorcadion) scabricolle Dalman, 1817: 174 – “Habitat in Georgia Asiae”.

Dorcadion scabricolle, Ménétriés, 1832: 226, part. – “Lenkoran”; Falderman, 1837: 279, Tab. IX, part.; Kraatz, 1873: 50 – “Caucasus, Georgien, Persien”, “Klein–Asien”; Demelt, 1963: 146 – “Akshehir”; Abai, 1969: 52-53 – ”Azarbaidjan: Tabriz”, “Ardabil”, “Moghan”; Fuchs & Breuning, 1971: 437 – “Yozgat”; Braun, 1978: 104 – map with several localities in Georgia, Armenia, Turkey and Iran; Danilevsky, 1986: 9 (= sevangense Rtt.); 1999: 25; Miroshnikov, 2004: 136 – wrong record for Grozny by Vostrikov; Özdikmen, 2006: 82 – “Ankara: Kizilcahamam, Yukari Canli”, “Ankara: Kizilcahamam, Salin village”, “Ankara: Kizilcahamam, Yenimahalle village”, “Ankara: Ayaş road, Başayaş village env., Ayaş Beli”; 2011: 65; Özdikmen, Demir, 2006: 162 – “Ankara: Çal Mountain”; Özdikmen, Okutaner, 2006: 82 – “Göksun, 38º03΄N 36º27΄E”, “Göksun, Küçüksu plateau, 38º3΄N 36º39΄E”, “Göksun, Korkmaz”.

Dorcadion scabricolle var. lutescens Kraatz, 1873: 50 (no locality).

Dorcadion (s. str.) scabricolle, Ganglbauer, 1884: 490 (including var. corpulentum Fald. and var. lutescens Kr.) – “Caucasus, Persien”; Auriuvillius, 1922: 29-30 (including var. elisabethpolicum Suv., ab. corpulentum Fald., ab. lutescens Kr., ab. modestum Tour., var. sevangense Reitt.); Plavilstshikov, 1921: 111 (= elisabethpolicum Suv. = mesmini Pic = dobrovoljanskii Suv. [wrong spelling]); Winkler, 1929: 1193; Plavilstchikov, 1932: 193 – Transcaucasia.

Dorcadion (Pedestredorcadion) scabricolle m. aeruginosum Breuning, 1946: 121 [unavailable name] – “Ak-Cheir, Anatolie”; 1948b, 515; 1958: 30; 1962: 456.

Dorcadion (Autodorcadion) scabricolle, Plavilstshikov, 1948: 131, 143, part. (= elisabethpolicum Suv.) – whole Armenia, Transcaucasia, West Asia; 1958: 67, 73, 83, 215 (= corpulentum Mén. = elisabethpolicum Suv. = lutescens Kr. = modestum, Kr. = caramanicum K.Dan. & J.Dan.) – whole Transcaucasia, north Iran, east Anatolia. Dorcadion (Pedestredorcadion) scabricolle m. albithorax Breuning, 1956: 724 [unavailable name] – “environs d`Ankara”; 1958: 30.

Dorcadion scabricolle m. corpulentum ab. supermodestum Plavilstchikov, 1958: 218 [unavailable name].

Dorcadion scabricolle m. scabricolle ab. solitaneum Plavilstchikov, 1958: 217 [unavailable name].

Dorcadion scabricolle m. masculochromum Plavilstchikov, 1958: 217 [unavailable name].

Dorcadion (Pedestredorcadion) scabricolle, Breuning, 1958: 30 – “Perse, Transcaucasie, Anatolie”; 1962: 456 – “Von Persien: Mts. Elbrus über Transkaukasien und Armenien bis Anatolien, ca. die Umgebung von Ankara, der Sultan Dagh und der Bulghar Dagh verbreitet”; Braun, 1975: 126; Sama G., Rapuzzi P. & Özdikmen H., 2012: 35 – “Sivas: 20 km east of


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14c. 43

Offences triable on indictment or summarily

17.—(1) The offences listed in Schedule 1 to this Act shall be triable either way.

(2) Subsection (1) above is without prejudice to any other enactment by virtue of which any offence is triable either way.

18.—(1) Sections 19 to 23 below shall have effect where a person who has attained the age of 17 appears or is brought before a magistrates’ court on an information charging him with an offence triable either way.

(2) Without prejudice to section 11(1) above, everything that the court is required to do under sections 19 to 22 below must be done before any evidence is called and, subject to subsection (3) below and section 23 below, with the accused present in court.

(3) The court may proceed in the absence of the accused in accordance with such of the provisions of sections 19 to 22 below as are applicable in the circumstances if the court considers that by reason of his disorderly conduct before the court it is not practicable for the proceedings to be conducted in his presence; and subsections (3) to (5) of section 23 below, so far as applicable, shall have effect in relation to proceedings conducted in the absence of the accused by virtue of this subsection (references in those subsections to the person representing the accused being for this purpose read as references to the person, if any, representing him).

(4) A magistrates’ court proceeding under sections 19 to 23 below may adjourn the proceedings at any time, and on doing so on any occasion when the accused is present may remand the accused, and shall remand him if—
 * (a) on the occasion on which he first appeared, or was brought, before the court to answer to the information he was in custody or, having been released on bail, surrendered to the custody of the court; or
 * (b) he has been remanded at any time in the course of proceedings on the information;

and where the court remands the accused, the time fixed for the resumption of the proceedings shall be that at which he is required to appear or be brought before the court in pursuance of the remand.

(5) The functions of a magistrates’ court under sections 19 to 23 below may be discharged by a single justice, but the foregoing provision shall not be taken to authorise the summary trial of an information by a magistrates’ court composed of less than two justices.


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 the crossroad to Zara; Beypinari; Tunceli: 15 km north of Pülümür”.

Pedestredorcadion scabricolle, Breuning & Villiers, 1967: 61 – “Erzeroum”.

Pedestredorcadion scabricolle, Villiers, 1967: 365 – “Iran: Tabriz; Kiklik-Dagh; Mazanderan, Ghilan, Talysh; Lurestan et de Zendjan à Ardebil”.

Dorcadion (Cribridorcadion) scabricolle, Danilevsky, Kasatkin, Rubenyan, 2005: 137, 141 (endophallus); Özdikmen, 2007: 308 – “Caucasus, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Transcaucasia, Turkey, Iran”; 2008: 60 – Turkey: “Marmara Region”; 2010: 466; 2011: 65 – “Mediterranean region”; 2012a: 79; 2012b: 774 – “Georgia” is declared as “mistaken information”; 2016: 2441; Özdikmen, Turgut & Güzel, 2009: 86 – “Ankara: Ayaş”, “Kizilcahamam, Işik Daği”; Özdikmen, et al., 2010: 1149, 1160; Sakenin et al., 2011: 10 – “Iran: West Azarbayjan province: Salmas”; Şenyüz, Özdikmen, 2013: 575 – “Kütahya: Türkmen Mt., Gölcük district”, Kütahya: “Aydoğdu village”; Okutaner et al., 2011: 866-869, 874, 876; Lazarev, 2013: 222.

Dorcadion (Cribridorcadion) scrobicolle, Sakenin & Samin, 2011: 7 (wrong spelling) – “Mazandaran province, Chalus”.

Type locality. Georgia – according to the original description.

Diagnosis. Head usually glabrous, or pubescent in autochromal females; antennae thick, reaching apical elytral forth (males) or elytral middle (females), black with red 1st joint or sometimes totally red or totally black; prothorax transverse with wide rounded or sharpened lateral tubercles; pronotum usually glabrous and shining, with very rough dense or scattered punctation (sometimes lusterless with very dens punctation), or pubescent and less roughly punctuated in autochromal females; elytra regularly oval with very dense regular pubescence, usually mostly black in males and androchromal females, very rare about totally white in certain subspecies or partly brownish in androchromal females; short semierect elytral setae indistinct, or hardly visible in females; males always without dorsal elytral stripes, often small basal rudiments present in form of white spots; autochromal females often with wide irregular partly interrupted dorsal pale stripes; humeral and sutural stripes always well developed, narrow or wide, often with irregular internal margins, sometimes widened to about whole elytral surface, making elytra totally white; sutural white elytral stripes never accompanied with velvety black lines; elytral carinae usually absent or slightly pronounced; legs are usually totally red, but sometimes more or less darkened, with dense pale pubescence; femora and tibiae densely punctated; abdomen with dense recumbent white pubescence, finely


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 punctated; last abdominal tergites widely rounded, sternites shalowly emarginated; body length in males: 9.5-17.7 mm, width: 3.4-7.0 mm; body length in females: 10.8-20.2 mm, width: 4.4-8.2 mm.

Distribution. About whole Transcaucasia (Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan), about whole Turkey (without European part), north-west half of Iran (southwards to about 36°).

Dorcadion (Cribridorcadion) scabricolle scabricolle (Dalman, 1817) Figs 1-2 Lamia (Dorcadion) scabricolle Dalman, 1817: 174 – “Habitat in Georgia Asiae”.

Dorcadion (Pedestredorcadion) scabricolle m. scabricolle, Breuning, 1948b: 515. Dorcadion (Pedestredorcadion) scabricolle scabricolle, Breuning, 1962: 456, part. (including m. modestum Tourn. = lutescens Kr.).

Dorcadion scabricolle scabricolle, Danilevsky, 1999: 25, part. – Armenia (Arailer Mt., Ashotzk, Biurakan, Garni, Gehard, Dzhrarat, Dzhrvezh, Khosrov, Marmashen, Megri, Nubarashen, Tzahkadzor, Tzovagiuh), Azerbaijan (Khanlar, Gasmalyan, Mistan) and in Nakhichevan part (Negram), all over Turkey and in North Iran.

Dorcadion (Cribridorcadion) scabricolle scabricolle, Özdikmen, 2007: 308, part. – “described from Georgia occurring in Transcaucasia and Armenia to Anatolia”; 2010a: 466; 2012a: 79; 2016: 2441; Özdikmen et al., 2009: 86; Danilevsky et al., 2005: 137, 141 (endophallus); Dani1evsky, 2010: 252, part. – “A: AB AR GG TR”; Lazarev, 2013: 225, part. – Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan (including Nakhichevan), Turkey, Iran.

Type locality. Georgia – according to the original description.

Diagnosis. Body big, elongated; lateral thoracic spines short, but sharpened; pronotum in males and in females strongly tranverse with big dense punctation; shining areas between spots usually very small; pronotal sculpture rather rough with longitudinally arranged rugae; legs and first antennal joint dark-red; elytral stripes in males and in females narrow, with regular margins; white strokes near elytral base totally absent or slightly pronounced; females are usually autochromal; androchromal females are known from West Azerbaijan population only, which is transitional to the next Armenian subspecies; body length in males: 9.8-16.8 mm, width: 3.9-5.7 mm; body length in females: 12.8-17.0 mm, width: 5.5-6.8 mm.

Materials. 2 males, 2 females, Georgia, Mtskheta, 7.4.2010 – local collector leg. – MD; 22 males, Rustavi environs, 41°30΄17΄΄N,


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 44°57΄28΄΄E, 500 m, 12.4.2015, I.Pljushtch – IP; 1 male, Tiflis, Hudadovsky forest, 6.4.1927, Ya.Kirshenblat – ZMM; 1 male, Tiflis, hort. botan., 12.4.1934, A.Bogachev – ZMM; 2 males, Tbilisi 12.4.1934, Bogačev leg. - NMP; 1 male, N Armenia, northwards Ayrum, Bagratashen, 13.4.1982, S.Kurbatov – ML; 1 male, 1 female, NW Azerbaijan, Akstafa distr., Poylu vill., Kura riv. valley, 41°11΄05΄΄N, 45°26΄49΄΄E, 300 m, 18-20.IV.2014, S. Vashchenko leg. – VS.

Distribution. Georgia, Kura River valley and southwards: Mtskheta environs; Tbilisi: Hudadovsky Forest [about 41°43΄22΄΄N, 44°49΄11΄΄E] and Tbilisi, Botanical Garden [about 41°41΄N, 44°48΄E]; Rustavi environs, 41°30΄17΄΄N, 44°57΄28΄΄E, 500 m; Aspindza, 41°34΄17΄΄N, 43°14΄15΄΄E, 1065 m (personal message by I.Pljushtch); Dmanisi, Kizylkilisa, 41°18΄17΄΄N, 44°11΄44΄΄E; Shaumyani, 41°20΄38΄΄N, 44°45΄30΄΄E (personal message by A.Zubov with a photo); North Armenia: Bagratashen environs [about 41°14΄34΄΄N, 44°49΄10΄΄E]; North-West Azerbaijan, Akstafa distr., Poylu village, Kura River valley, 41°11΄05΄΄N, 45°26΄49΄΄E, 300 m.

Dorcadion (Cribridorcadion) scabricolle shirakense, ssp. n. Figs 3-10

Dorcadion (Pedestredorcadion) scabricolle m. nubilosum Breuning, 1946: 121 [unavailable name] – “Erivan, Transcaucasie”; 1948b, 515; 1958: 30; 1962: 460.

Dorcadion (Pedestredorcadion) scabricolle m. latefasciatum Breuning, 1946: 121 [unavailable name] – “Erivan, Transcaucasie”; 1948b, 515; 1958: 30; 1962: 457 – “Erivan”.

Dorcadion (Pedestredorcadion) scabricolle m. posticeinterruptum Breuning, 1956: 724 [unavailable name] – “environs d`Erivan”; 1958: 30 [unavailable name, not Pic, 1900: 12].

Dorcadion (Pedestredorcadion) scabricolle m. posticeparteinterruptum Breuning, 1960: 1 [unavailable name, replacement name for posticeinterruptum Breun.]; 1962: 457.

Type locality. Armenia, Lernavan environs, 40°48΄10.57΄΄N, 44°09΄58.10΄΄E, 1893 m.

Diagnosis. Very close to the nominative subspecies; body usually smaller and wider; lateral thoracic spines short, sharpened or obtuse; pronotum in males less transverse or about as long as basal width;


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 with big sparser punctation; shining areas between spots wider; pronotal sculpture rather rough, without longitudinally arranged rugae; legs and first antennal joint red or dark-red; elytral stripes in males and in females narrow, with regular margins; white strokes near elytral base usually absent or sometimes slightly pronounced; many autochromal females are known in about all populations; body length in males: 10.6-16.3 mm, width: 4.1-5.9 mm; body length in females: 12.0-16.8 mm, width: 5.5-7.0 mm.

Materials. Holotype, male, Armenia, Lernavan environs, 40°48΄10.57΄΄N, 44°09΄58.10΄΄E, 1893 m, 23.5.2011, A.Rubenyan leg. – MD; 443 paratypes; 8 males, 2 females with same label – MD; 2 males, Armenia, Pokrashen environs, 40°54΄11.86΄΄N, 43°52΄46.48΄΄E, 2016 m, 23.5.2011, A.Rubenyan leg. – MD; 2 males, 2 females, Armenia, Marmashen environs, 9.5.1990, M.Kalashyan leg. – MD; 1 male, 5 females, Norashen, 40°39΄26΄΄N, 44°4΄37΄΄E, 2000 m, 16.6.1988, M.Danilevsky leg. – MD; 1 female Norashen, 13.6.2013, V.Skoupý leg. – VS; 1 male, 1 female, Armenia, Ashotsk environs, Zuygakhpyur [about 41°01΄N, 43°53΄E], 19.6.1992, M.Kalashyan leg. – MD; 1 female, Armenia, Leninakan – MD; 1 male, Armenia, Spitak pass, 40°44΄29.05΄΄N, 44°10΄59.80΄΄E, 2141 m, 21.5.2011, A.Rubenyan leg. – MD; 1 female, Armenia, Spitak environs [about 40°50΄N, 44°16΄E], V.1913 – ZMM; 3 males. Armenia, Novoseltsevo environs, 41°04΄01.66΄΄N, 44°17΄24.82΄΄E, 1487 m, 21.5.2011, A.Rubenyan leg. – MD; 21 males, 6 females. Armenia, Dzhrapi environs, 40°33΄01.88΄΄N, 43°41΄36.66΄΄E, 1525 m, 9.5.2011, A.Rubenyan leg. – MD; 13 males, 3 females, Armenia, Byurakan environs, 9.5.1983, M.Danilevsky leg. – MD; 1 male, Aragatz Mt., 2100 m, Biurakan environs, 23.4.17, V.Skoupý – VS; 1 male, Aragatz Mt., 2500 m, Biurakan environs, 13.-22.6.1987, I.Marvan, Z.Kostal leg. – VS; 7 males, 5 females, Armenia, Aragats Mt., Amberd environs, 40°24΄24΄΄N, 44°13΄39΄΄E, 2220 m, 8-20.5.2014, S. Murzin leg. – SM; 8 males, 5 females, Armenia, Aragats, Nor-Amberd, 1900-2300 m, 18-22.5.1972, 28.4.1975, S.Murzin leg. – SM; 1 male from same locality, 17.7.1976, O.Grachev – SM; 1 male, W Armenia, Aragac Mts., S slope, 40°24΄N, 44°15΄E, 2100 m, 21.5.2016, T. Růžička leg. – NMP; 1 female, Armenia, Ashtarak, 5.5.1959, G.Viktorov – SM; 1 male,


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 6 females, Armenia, Ashtarak, 1150 m, 22.4.2017, V.Skoupý – VS; 2 males, 3 females, Armenia, E Erevan, Hatzavan [Artavan, 40°28΄54΄΄N, 44°23΄50΄΄E], 24.4.2000, A.Rubenyan leg. – MD; 2 males, Armenia, Mt. Arailer, 24.5.1987, 16.5.1990, M.Kalashyan leg. – MD; 1 male, same locality, 29.5.1971 – SM; 2 males, Armenia, Mt. Arailer, 40°24΄N, 44°27΄E, 1900 m, 18-22.6.2003, M.Danilevsky leg. – ML; 50 males, 60 females, Armenia, Arailer mt., Ashtarak, 1700 m, 23.4.2017, V.Skoupý & P.Stěpánek leg. – ML, VS, PS; 1 female, Armenia, Arzakan, 22.5.1983, M.Danilevsky leg. – ML; 1 female, Armenia, Arzakan (Razdan River), 14.4.1955, A.Zagulyaev leg. – ZMM; 2 males, Armenia, Aragyukh environs, 40°24΄41.24΄΄N, 44°31΄47.88΄΄E, 1705 m, 23.5.2011, A.Rubenyan leg. – MD; 1 male, Armenia, Ashtarak Distr., Aragyukh, 17.5.1959, G.Viktorov leg. – ZMM; 2 males, 2 females, Armenia, Tsakhkadzor, 15.5.1978, A.Lobanov leg. – MD, SM; 1 male, Transcauc., Erivan prov., Alibeck, prop. Daratchichag (now Tsakhkadzor), 7000΄, 12.6.1912, V.Dobrovlyansky leg. – ZMM; 1 male, Armenia, Takyarlu (now Artavaz), 40°32΄4΄΄N, 44°42΄13΄΄E, 1930 m, 14.6.1991, M.Kalashyan leg. – MD; 3 males, 5 females, Armenia, E Erevan, Atsavan [40°8΄13΄΄N, 44°39΄3΄΄E], 1000 m, 24.4.2000, A.Rubenyan leg. – MS, SM; 1 male, Armenia, Lernanist environs, 40°27΄32΄΄N, 44°48΄24΄΄E, 2000 m, 5.5.2015, A.Rubenyan leg. – MD; 11 males, 10 females, Armenia, Kotayk Region, Garni, 28.3.1998, M.Smirnov leg. – ML, MS, SM; 4 males, 1 male, Gekhard-Gokht, 27.5.2016, V.Skoupý leg. – VS; 4 females Gekhard-Gokht, 28.5.1988, V.Skoupý leg. – VS; 3 males, USSR, Armenia, Garni Gehard, 17 et 19.5.1978, Z.-J. Novotný – PK; 5 males, 1 female, similar label, but Herák leg. – PK; 9 males, 2 females, Armenia, Vedi, Urtsadzor, 2.5.1983, M.Danilevsky leg. – MD; 10 males, 4 females, Armenia, Khosrov (low level), 15.5.1983, V.Tuzov leg. – MD; 3 males, 1 female, about same locality, 25.6.1991, 24.6.1992, M.Kalashyan leg. – MD; 1 female, Armenia, Kotayk, prope. Falar, Arzni, 14.4.1927, A.Shelkovnikov leg. – ZMM; 6 males, 7 females, Armenia, Ashtar. Distr., Egvard, 13.4.1959, G.Viktorov leg. – ZMM; 2 females, Armenia, Kotaysk Distr., Vokhchaberd (=Voghjaberd), 2.5.1959, G.Viktorov leg. – ZMM; 1 male, 1 female, Kaukasus., Erivan, Dobrowlyanskyi –


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 ZMM; 2 males, 1 female, Erivan, IV.1910 – ZMM; 19 males, 12 females, Transcauc., Erivan, 10-20.3. 1910, 14-23.3. 1913, 3-4.4.1913, 4-7.4.1913, V.Dobrovlyansk. leg. – ZMM; 2 males, Transcaucas, Armenia, Erivan, 18.3.1926, 7.5.1927 – ZMM; 4 males, 1 female, Erivan distr., Achty, 1.5.1929, A.Bogachev – ZMM; 7 males, 6 females, Armenia, Erevan env., Dzhervezh, 11.4.1959, 28.4.1959, G.Viktorov – ZMM; 1 female, Armenia, Arkazan, Razdan River, 14.4.1955, D.Zagulyaev – ZMM; 2 males, Armenia, Erevan, Razdan canyon, 24.5.2970, V.Murzin leg. – SM; 1 male, Armenia, Erevan, Sharbulak environs [40°08΄53΄΄N 44°33΄54΄΄E], 22.4.2000, A.Rubenyan leg. – MD; 1 male, 2 females with same label – MD; 2 males, Armenia, Lusashokh [about 39°50΄54N, 44°58΄42΄΄E], H10 road, 2000 m, 17.5.2014, V.Skoupý leg. – VS; 1 male, 1 female, Turkey, Erzurum env. Çat [39°36΄37΄΄N, 40°58΄37΄΄E], 2400 m, 6.5.1998, Bajdak – ML; 3 males, 3 females, Turkey, Ağri prov., 2.5 km NE Atadami, 39°18΄54΄΄N, 43°46΄55΄΄E, 2620 m, 27.4.2007, M.Nabozhenko leg. – ML, SM; 3 males, 3 females, Turkey, Ağri prov., 2.5 km NE Atadami, 39°18΄54΄΄N, 43°46΄55΄΄E, 2620 m, 27.4.2007, M.Nabozhenko leg. – ML, SM; 2 males, 3 females, Turkey, Van prov., btw Ercis & Incesu, 39.315°N, 43.782°E (39°18΄54΄΄N, 43°46΄55΄΄E), 2600 m, 27.4.2007, M.Nabozhenko leg. – ML, SM; 1 male, Turkey, Ardahan province, Ardahan environs, 23.5.1992, Z.Hanousek leg. – VS; 3 males, 1 female, Turkey, Kars province, Karakurt [about 40°9΄58΄΄N, 42°36΄17΄΄E], 24.5.1992, V.Skoupý leg. – VS; 1 male, 1 female, Turkey, Kars province, 40 km NE Horasan, Bogakale environs, 40°07΄N, 42°29΄, 1560 m, 26-27.4.2000, J.Hájek & M.Mikát leg. – NMP; 1 male, Kars env., Kaladzhik, Olsufev leg. – ZMM; 1 male, Kars env., K. Gyuvach, 21.4.1915, Olsufev leg. – ZMM; 3 males, Tr. or., Kars, Susuz environs [about 40°46΄40΄΄N, 43°8΄8΄΄E], 6.6.94, V.Skoupý leg. – VS; 9 males, 4 females, Pass N Digor, 1800-2100 m, 12.5.1989, W.Heinz leg. – VS; 1 male, 1 female, Tr. bor. or., Yusufeli [about 40°49΄N 41°32΄] – Kiliçkaya [about 40°43΄N 41°29΄E], 1800 m, 30.5.2000, V.Skoupý leg. – VS; 4 males, 3 females, Transcauc, Kagyzman, 6.4.1925, 7.5.1926 (1 female) – ZMM; 4 males, 1 female, Transcaucas, Kagyzman, IV-V.1916, E.V.B. – ZMM.


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 Distribution. Armenia, western part of the Republic from Geogian border in the north-west through Garni and Gekhard to Urtsadzor and Khosrov Natural Reserve; in Turkey the taxon known from Ardahan, Kars, Artvin, Ağri and Erzurum provinces.

Dorcadion (Cribridorcadion) scabricolle tavushense, ssp. n. Figs 11-12

Type locality. Armenia, Idzhevan environs, Acharkut [about 41°2΄9΄΄N, 45°5΄6΄΄E], 800 m.

Diagnosis. Similar to the previous subspecies, but pronotal sculpture much rougher, densely rugose; 1st antennal joint can be nearly black; white elytral stripes wider; white strokes near elytral base distinct; body length in males: 13.5-16.2 mm, width: 4.8-5.9 mm; body length in females: 14.9-15.1 mm, width: 6.7-7.0 mm.

Materials. Holotype, male, Armenia, Idzhevan environs, Acharkut [about 41°2΄9΄΄N, 45°5΄6΄΄E], 800 m, 26.7.2008, S.A.Andreev leg. – MD; 8 paratypes; 1 male with same label – MD; 2 males, 2 females, Armenia, Kokhb environs, 41°10΄57΄΄N, 44°58΄23΄΄E, 30.4.2017, V.Skoupý – ML, VS; 1 male, Armenia, Idzhevan, 23.5.1955, L.Zimina leg. – ZMM; 1 male, Arnenia, Idzhevan, 20.5.1978, Herák leg. – PK; 1 male, Armenia, Noemberyan [about 41°10΄21΄΄N, 44°59΄37΄΄E], 29.5.1959, G.Viktorov leg. – ZMM.

Distribution. Armenia, Marz Tavush: Idzhevan; Acharkut [41°2΄9΄΄N, 45°5΄6΄΄E], 800 m; Noemberyan [about 41°10΄21΄΄N, 44°59΄37΄΄E]; Kokhb environs, 41°10΄57΄΄N, 44°58΄23΄΄E.

Dorcadion (Cribridorcadion) scabricolle gegarkunicum, ssp. n. Figs 13-14

Type locality. Armenia, North bank of Sevan Lake, Akhberk environs, 40°32΄58΄΄N, 45°17΄09΄΄E, 2280 m.

Diagnosis. Pronotum with relatively sparse punctation; antennae and legs could be totally red, or only several basal antennal joints red; humeral elytral stripes could be widened; sutural stripes sometimes with irregular margins; white strokes near elytral base usually absent; females usually androchromal; body length in males: 10.2-16.0 mm,


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 width: 3.6-5.0 mm; body length in females: 13.5-14.2 mm, width: 5.4-5.9 mm.

Materials. Holotype, male, Armenia, north bank of Sevan Lake, Akhberk environs, 40°32΄58΄΄N, 45°17΄09΄΄E, 2280 m, 5.5.2015, A.Rubenyan leg. – MD; 59 paratypes; 3 males, 3 females with same label – MD; 5 males, 1 female, Akhberk, 12.6.2013, P.Stěpánek leg. – PS; 12 males, 14 females, Akhberk, 12.6.2013, V.Skoupý leg. – VS; 2 males, 3 females, north bank of Sevan Lake, Shorzha environs, 40°30΄50΄΄N, 45°16΄11΄΄E, 2015 m, 5.5.2015, A.Rubenyan leg. – MD; 1 male, Armenia, Tsovagyukh, 13.6.1982, V.Luzev leg. – MS; 1 male, 1 female, Tsovagyukh, 31.5.1988, V.Skoupý leg. – VS; 3 males, north bank of Sevan Lake, 10 km E Tsovagyukh, 2300 m, 18.6.1988, M.Danilevsky leg. – MD; 2 males, about same locality, 21.6.2003, A.Rubenyan leg. – MD; 2 males, Armenia, NE Sevan lake, Drakhtik, 2000 m, 40°33΄18΄΄N, 45°13΄21΄΄E, 8.5.2016, A.Rubenyan leg. – MD; 6 males, Armenia, N Sevan Lak, SW Chambarak, 40°33΄7΄΄N, 45°16΄36΄΄E, 2100 m, 13.6.2016, S.Murzin leg. – ML, SM; 2 females, about same locality, 27.5.2016, Skoupý leg. – VS; 1 male, Armenia, Dilizhan Reserve [about 40°47΄N, 44°50΄E], 17.6.1987, S. Kadlec leg. – NMP.

Distribution. Armenia, mountains along north bank of Sevan Lake: Akhberk environs, 40°32΄58΄΄N, 45°17΄09΄΄E, 2280 m; Shorzha environs, 40°30΄50΄΄N, 45°16΄11΄΄E, 2015 m; Drakhtik, 2000 m, 40°33΄18΄΄N, 45°13΄21΄΄E; SW Chambarak, 40°33΄7΄΄N, 45°16΄36΄΄E, 2100 m; 10 km E Tsovagyukh, 2300 m; Dilizhan Reserve [about 40°47΄N, 44°50΄E].

Dorcadion (Cribridorcadion) scabricolle pseudosevangense, ssp. n. Figs 15-16

Type locality. Armenia, Noravan environs, 39°32΄15΄΄N, 46°07΄56΄΄E, 2000 m.

Diagnosis. Body usually small; pronotum with rather sparse, scattered punctation, strongly shining, sometimes nearly without dots near middle; humeral elytral stripe widened with more or less irregular margins; lateral thoracic spines short, sometimes nearly obliterated; legs and antennae often totally red, or several basal


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 antennal joints red, or only 1st antennal joint red; white strokes near elytral base usually absent; females usually androchromal; body length in males: 10.6-13.7 mm, width: 4.5-5.0 mm; body length in females: 11.6-15.6 mm, width: 5.0-6.3 mm.

Materials. Holotype, male, Armenia, Noravan environs, 39°32΄15΄΄N, 46°07΄56΄΄E, 2000 m, 11.5.2015, A.Rubenyan leg. – MD; 110 paratypes; 4 males, 3 females with same label – MD; 3 males, Armenia, 4 km W Sisian Pass, 39°42΄17΄΄N, 45°40΄40΄΄E, 2000 m, 7.5.2015, A.Rubenyan leg. – MD; 1 male, 1 female, Armenia, Vorotan [Sisian] pass [most probably westwards the pass], 2100 m, 21.4.1983, V.Yanushev – SM; 23 males, 5 females, 3 km SE Ishkhanasar, 39°33΄2.03΄΄N, 46°4΄27.22΄΄E, 1902 m, 14.5.2011, A.Rubenyan leg. – MD; 39 males, 30 females, Armenia, E Sisian vill. 39°30΄55΄΄N, 46°10΄22΄΄E, 2100 m, 19.5.2014 (1 male), 30.5.2014, 25.4.2017, V.Skoupý & P.Stěpánek – ML, VS, PS.

Distribution. Armenia, north-east part of Zangezur Range.

Dorcadion (Cribridorcadion) scabricolle vaykense, ssp. n. Figs 17-19

Type locality. Armenia, Vayk environs, 3.6 km northwards Zaritap, 39°40΄11΄΄N, 45°30΄28΄΄E, 1300 m. Diagnosis. Body moderately narrow; antennae black with 1st joint red; lateral thoracic spines short but distinct; pronotum strongly shining, with sparse, scattered punctation; humeral elytral stripe narrow with regular margins; legs totally red; white strokes near elytral base can be distinct in females only; females androchromal or autochromal; body length in males: 13.0-14.0 mm, width: 5.0-6.0 mm; body length in females: 14.0-15.0 mm, width: 6.0-7.0 mm.

Materials. Holotype, male, Armenia, Vayk environs, 3.6 km northwards Zaritap, 39°40΄11΄΄N, 45°30΄28΄΄E, 1300 m, 25.4.2017, V.Skoupý leg. – ML; 17 paratypes; 5 males, 8 females, with same label – ML, VS, PS; 4 males, Armenia, NW Martiros, 39°36΄25΄΄N, 45°28΄22E, 1800 m, 18.5.2014, V.Skoupý leg. – VS.

Distribution. Armenia, Ayodzor Range, Marz Vayots Dzor.


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 Dorcadion (Cribridorcadion) scabricolle tekhense, ssp. n. Figs 20-21

Type locality. Armenia, Tekh, 39°34΄6΄΄N, 46°25΄52΄΄E, 1600 m.

Diagnosis. One of the biggest subspecies; pronotum with moderately dense big punctation, smooth areas are well pronounced near middle; legs red; antennae black with red 1st joints; white elytral stripes rather narrow; white strokes near elytral bases usually present; all females androchromal; body length in males: 13.5-17.5 mm, width: 4.7-7.0 mm; body length in females: 15.3-17.2 mm, width: 6.5-8.0 mm.

Materials. Holotype, male, Armenia, Tekh, 39°34΄6΄΄N, 46°25΄52΄΄E, 1600 m, 3.5.2013, A.Rubenyan leg. – MD; 31 paratypes; 2 males, 2 females with same label – MD; 13 males, 6 females, Armenia, 4 km NW Tekh, 39°34΄6.97΄΄N, 46°25΄46.64΄΄E, 1622 m, 15.5.2011, A.Rubenyan leg. – MD; 2 males, 1 female, Armenia, 1 km S Svarants, 39°21΄13.39΄΄N, 46°12΄44.21΄΄E, 1917 m, 14.5.2011, A.Rubenyan leg. – MD. 2 females, Armenia, Khndzoresk environs, 39°30΄7΄΄N 46°25΄57΄΄E, 1280 m, 16-22.5.2014, S.Murzin leg. – SM; 1 male, 1 female, Armenia, E of Goris, 1300 m, 26.4.2017, V.Skoupý leg. – VS; 1 male, Armenia, Tatev environs, 1400 m, 27.4.2017, V.Skoupý leg. – VS.

Distribution. Armenia, north-east of Marz Syunik.

Dorcadion (Cribridorcadion) scabricolle tuzovi, ssp. n. Figs 22-23

Type locality. Armenia, Megri environs.

Diagnosis. Big subspecies with narrow or moderately wide body and narrow, regular elytral stripes; thoracic spines very short, sometimes nearly obliterated; pronotum with dense regular punctation, but simetime (Shvanidzor) rather scatered; legs red; antennae black with red 1st joints; white strokes near elytral bases hardly visible or absent; a single available female authochromal; body length in males: 12.0-15.7 mm, width: 4.5-5.4 mm; body length in female: 13.0-16.1 mm, width: 5.5-6.2 mm.

Materials. Holotype, male, Armenia, Megri environs, 10.5.1983


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 V.Tuzov leg. – MD; 48 paratypes; 11 males, 1 female with same label – MD; 1 male, Armenia, Shvanidzor, 20 km E Megri, 1300 m, 28.6.2009, V.Hambartzumyan leg. – MD; 9 males, Armenia, Shvanidzor, 22.5.2014, V.Skoupý leg. – VS; 1 male, mons Shich Jurdy [Alangez Mt.], prope Ordubad, 2000 m [about 38°56΄N, 46°4΄40΄΄E], 23.5.1933, A.Bogachev leg. – ZMM; 1 male, Armenia, N Megri, 22.5.1973, A.S.Lisetsky leg. – SM; 1 male, Megri on Arax, 16.4.1959, G.Viktorov leg. – ZMM; 10 males, 5 females, Megri environs, Lichk, 4.6.2013, V.Skoupý & P.Stěpánek leg. – VS, PS; 1 female, Elizavetpol Region, Zangezur District, Lichk, 29.5.1910 – ZMM; 1 male, Armenia, Lichk, 2.6.1991 – MD; 3 males, 2 females, Armenia, Lichk vill. env., 39.05°N, 46.19°E (39°3΄N, 46°11΄24΄΄E), 1700 m, 17.5.2019 – SM; 1 male, Armenia, Megri pass, 39.121°N, 46.16°E (39°7΄16΄΄N, 46°9΄36΄΄E), 2535 m, 17.5.2019, A.Shamaev leg. – SM.

Distribution. Armenia, Marz Megri: Megri environs (about 530 m), Megri pass (2535 m), Lichk environs (about 1800 m) and Shvanidzor environs, 1300 m; Ordubad environs of Nakhchivan Republic of Azerbaijan, Mt. Shich Jurdy [Mt. Alangez], 2000 m. Dedication. The new taxon is dedicated to well known Lepidoptera collector Vasiliy Tuzov, who collected the type series.

Dorcadion (Cribridorcadion) scabricolle sevangense Reitter, 1889 Figs 24-30

Dorcadion scabricolle var. sevangensis Reitter, 1889: 41 – "Gotschka – oder Sevangasees im nördlichen, russischen Armenien".

Dorcadion (s. str.) scabricolle, Auriuvillius, 1922: 29-30, part. (including var. elisabethpolicum Suv., ab. corpulentum Fald., ab. lutescens Kr., ab. modestum Tour., var. sevangense Reitt.).

Dorcadion (Autodorcadion) sevangense', Plavilstshikov, 1948: 131, 143, part. (= dobrovljanskii Suv.) – whole Armenia; 1958: 73, 83, 91, 219 – mountains of Armenia and neighbour Azerbaijan (= dobrovljanskii Suv.).

Dorcadion (Pedestredorcadion) scabricolle m. sevangense, Breuning, 1948b, 515; 1958: 30.

Dorcadion (Pedestredorcadion) scabricolle sevangense, Breuning, 1962: 460 – "Transkaukasien: Erivan etc.".

Dorcadion scabricolle sevangense, Danilevsky, 1999: 25 – Armenia: Khosrov, Vernashen, Kochbek pass (30 km NW Sisian).

Dorcadion (Cribridorcadion) scabricolle sevangense, Özdikmen, 2010a: 466; Dan11evsky, 2010: 252.


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 Type locality. Armenia, Sevan Lake – according to the original description (most probably Sevan-city environs).

Diagnosis. Prothorax with big scattered punctation, shining; humeral elytral stripes more or less widened, sometimes elytra generally white with narrow black area; someties elytral stripes are narrow, but with irregular internal margins; the type population (near Sevan-city) consists of both forms (with narrow white elytral stripes and with widened white areas); sutural stripes also could be a little widened; legs and 1st antennal joints always red, often antennae totally red; autochromal females with brownish pubescence are known in about all populations; body length in males: 10.6-17.0 mm, width: 3.9-6.2 mm; body length in females: 11.4-18.0 mm, width: 4.7-7.2 mm.

Materials. 13 males, 6 females, Armenia, Sevan city, 40°33΄29΄΄N, 44°57΄53΄΄E, 2000 m, 16.4.1999, A.Rubenyan leg. – MD; 2 males, Armenia, Sevan city, V.2002, A.Rubenyan leg. – MD; 49 males, 17 females, Armenia, Sevan city, 40°33΄27΄΄N, 44°56΄38΄΄E, 31.5.1988, 9.6.1988, 30.5.2014, 25.6.2016, V.Skoupý & P.Stĕpánek leg. – VS, PS; 3 males, Lchashen, 40°30΄12΄΄N, 44°55΄49΄΄E, 1920 m, 5.6.1988, V.Skoupý leg. – VS; 2 females, Armen. ross., Elenovka, 10.5.1930. A.Shelkovnikov leg. – ZMM; 3 males, Armen, Sevan Lake, Elenovka, 23.6.1931. G.Laposhov leg. – ZMM; 1 male, Novobayaz u., Erivan. g. Elenovka, P.Bryansky leg. – ZMM; (I suppose all 6 specimens from “Elenovka” being collected lower the village closer to modern Sevan city); 1 male, Armenia, Gargar, 40°57΄N, 44°27΄E, 1420 m, 24.5.2000, V.Kuznetsov leg. – VK; 1 male, 1 female, Armenia, Martuni, 40°21΄21΄΄N, 45°9΄19΄΄E, 1955 m, 15.5.2003, A.Rubenyan leg. – MD; 103 males, 16 females, Armenia, Khosrov, 40°02΄N, 45°02΄E, 1800-2500 m, 10-12.6.2003, M.Danilevsky leg. – MD, ML, MS, VK; 3 males, 1 female, Armenia, Khosrov, Ksyua, 23.5.1978, A.Lobanov leg. – MD; 1 male, 1 female, Armenia, Selim Pass environs, 39°56΄38΄΄N, 45°13΄37΄΄E, 2300 m, 7.5.2015, A.Rubenyan leg. – MD; 1 male, Armenia, Selim Pass environs, 39°57΄04΄΄N, 45°14΄01΄΄E, 2400 m, 3.6.2016 V.Skoupý leg. – VS; 2 males, Armenia, Vernashen, 2.5.1985, M.Kalashyan leg. – MD; 5 males, Armenia, Vernashen, 1400-1600 m, 21.5.2009, Yu.Shevnin & D.Spektor leg.– MD; 3 males, Armenia, Surb-Khach, 39°46΄44΄΄N, 45°25΄4΄΄E, 30.4.1985, M.Kalashyan leg. – MD;