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228 to the longer and terminal ones. Cones oblong-cylindrical, large, composed of numerous (about seventy) scales.

This section includes one species:—

1. Tsuga Pattoniana, Sénéclauze. Western North America.

II. Micropeuce, Spach, ''Hist. Vég.'' xi. 424 (1842), identical with Eutsuga, Engelmann, ''loc. cit.'' 120 (1880).

Leaves flat, grooved above, bearing stomata on the lower surface only, pectinately arranged on the branchlets, which are all in one plane. Cones ovoid, small, composed of few scales, rarely more than twenty-five.

This section comprises the remaining species, of which six are in cultivation in this country. These may be conveniently arranged as follows:—

2. Tsuga Canadensis, Carriére. Eastern North America.

Leaves, ⅓ to ⅔ inch long, usually tapering from the base to the acute or rounded apex; lower surface marked with two narrow well-defined white stomatic bands, the part of the leaf external to them being pure green in colour. Buds brown, ovoid, pointed, composed of pubescent, keeled acute scales.

3. Tsuga Albertiana, Sénéclauze. Western North America.

Leaves, ¼ to ¾ inch long, usually rounded at the apex and uniform in breadth; lower surface with two ill-defined broad white stomatic bands, which are indistinctly continued to the margins, there being no distinct bands of pure green. Buds greyish, ovoid, apex obtuse and flattened; scales keeled, pubescent.

4. Tsuga Brunoniana, Carrière. Himalayas.

Leaves, 1 to 1¼ inch long, gradually tapering from the base to the acute apex; lower surface silvery white, stomatic bands well-defined and extending almost to the margins. Buds globose, flattened on the top, surrounded at the base by a ring of modified leafy scales, the other scales ovate, acute, pubescent.

5. Tsuga Sieboldii, Carrière. Japan. Leaves, ¼ to 1 inch long, oblong, rounded and notched at the apex, shining above; lower surface with two narrow well-defined white stomatic bands. Buds red, ovoid, slightly acute at the apex; scales glabrous and ciliate.

6. Tsuga diversifolia, Maximowicz. Japan.

Shoots pubescent, both on the leaf-bases and in the furrows between them. Leaves, ¼ to ½ inch long, oblong, rounded and notched at the apex; lower surface with two narrow well-defined white stomatic bands. Buds red, pyriform, flattened above; scales obtuse, minutely pubescent.

7. Tsuga Caroliniana, Engelmann. Southern Alleghany Mountains.

Shoots pubescent in the furrows between the leaf-bases, which are glabrous.


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230 fourteen to fifteen scales. Scales thin, broader than long, semicircular with a wedge-shaped base, convex, margin irregularly denticulate, pubescent on both surfaces. Bract oblong, abruptly tapering at the apex, which is visible between the scales. Seed with terminal asymmetrical wing, and two resin-vesicles on the side next the scale.

The name Pattoniana is adopted as being the first published under the correct genus Tsuga. The tree is known to American botanists as Tsuga Mertensiana, which is unfortunate, as this name was for many years in use for the western hemlock. There is no confusion possible if Pattoniana be selected, as no other hemlock has been known at any time by this name.

The preceding description is drawn up from living specimens of the form with bluish entire leaves, cultivated in this country, and applies, in all essential characters, to dried specimens from trees growing wild in America. I have examined the material in the Kew herbarium and also specimens collected by Elwes on Mount Shasta at 7500 feet elevation; and there do not appear to be two distinct varieties of the tree in the wild state, as the presumed alpine form is only a stunted shrub which agrees in botanical characters with the trees from lower levels.

In England, however, there is a form in cultivation, distinguished by its green serrulate leaves, which differs in many respects from the other form. Concerning its origin, we only know, on the authority of Murray, that it was raised at Edinburgh from seeds collected by Jeffrey in 1851 on the Mount Baker range in British Columbia. Jeffrey found trees growing there from 5000 feet elevation to the snow line, varying in size from 150 feet in height and 13½ feet in girth at lower levels to a stunted shrub not more than 4 feet high close to the timber line. Specimens at Kew from Mount Baker gathered by Jeffrey all have entire leaves and belong to the ordinary wild form.

Engelmann, who visited the Mount Baker range, states that the trees growing there are the ordinary forms of Tsuga Pattoniana and Tsuga Albertiana. He suggests that the plants raised from Jeffrey's seed may be a mountain form of the latter species; but this cannot be admitted, as they do not resemble that species in botanical characters (buds, leaves, etc.). It is possible that these plants are only a seedling variation of Tsuga Pattoniana, and do not correspond with any distinct species or geographical form in the wild state.

Murray, believing that he had two species to deal with, named the bluish form Abies Hookeriana, and assigned the name Abies Pattoniana, Balfour, to the other form. The original figure of Balfour's species represents, however, the same plant as Abies Hookeriana of Murray; and much confusion has resulted in consequence in the use of the two names Hookeriana and Pattoniana. It is most convenient to

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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Page:Letter Circular 454; hues of the spectrum colors (IA lettercircular45454nati).djvu/2

 {|
 * DBJ:AEH IV-3
 * U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS. WASHINGTON
 * Letter Circular LC-454
 * }
 * }

November 6,1953

HUES OF THE SPECTRUM COLORS

The characteristic apperance of the visible spectrum is a series of chromatic colors varying from dim red through orange, yellow, brilliant yellow-green, green, blue, to dim violet. The brightest part of the normal equal-energy spectrum under usual observing conditions is at 555 millimicrons (yellowish green), and from this point toward both longer and shorter wave lengths the brightness progressively diminishes.

If color differences due to variation in brightness are left out of account, the re still remain more than one thousand parts of the spectrum which can be distinguished by hue and saturation alone under suitable observing conditions. An appreciable part of these one thousand distinguishable steps is ascribable to saturation difference. For example, spectrum red is a much more saturated color than spectrum yellow, and there are many more steps between spectrum yellow and spectrum red than there are between spectrum yellow and a red color of the same saturation; a considerable part of the difference between spectrum red and spectrum yellow is, the refore, a difference in saturation. The part of the spectrum having the least saturated color is at 570 millimicrons (greenish yellow)

Strictly speaking, the appearance of the spectrum is var- iable depending chiefly on the following factors which will be discussed in turn:

1. Color Vision of the Observer. To the totally color blind observer, the spectrum appears as a band of achromaticlight varying from very dim at one end through a maximum brilliance near the center back to very dim at the other end; it exhibits no hue whatsoever. To the observer who has inherited partial color blindness (red-green blindness), the spectrum exhibits only two hues; it consists of a long-wave band appearing yellow and of a short-wave band appearing blue, the two bands being separated by an achromatic or neutral point.

To the normal observer, the spectrum appears as indicated above, but such observers disagree somewhat in their descriptions of the spectrum and there is reason to believe that the appearance of the spectrum varies slightly from one normal observer to another.

2. Size and Location of the Retinal Region Stimulated. Portions of the normal retina moderately distant from the center (point of most distinct vision) frequently respond as if red-green blind; the extreme periphery under ordinary conditions is totally color blind.


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232 tion, and explains it by saying that the position of the cones "is evidently due to the thickness of the short lateral branchlets, on which they are terminal and which are sometimes so rigid that the weight of the cones does not make them pendent."

This tree is only found at high elevations, where it has much the same geographical range as the western hemlock, but it extends farther south in California and reaches its southern limit at 9000 to 10,000 feet on the south fork of King River in the Sierra Nevada.

In the north it descends to sea level on Baranoff Island, and on the shores of Yes Bay in Alaska, lat. 55° 54' N., where Mr. Martin Gorman collected it. As a rule it is a tree of high altitudes, growing on exposed ridges and slopes near the upper limit of the forest, in company with Abies lasiocarpa, Picea Engelmanni, and Pinus albicaulis. In the Rocky Mountains of British Columbia Mrs. Nicholl found it as a good-sized tree near Glacier up to 7000 feet, though Wilcox, in his excellent account of the trees of that region, pp. 61–65, does not mention it.

Though usually a more or less stunted and ragged tree, it attains a large size on the Cascade Mountains, where I saw it in perfection on the road from Longmire Springs to Paradise Valley, on the south side of Mount Tacoma, in August 1904, first at about 4000 feet, where it was only a scattered tree, and higher up it mixed with the western hemlock in a splendid forest. I was not able to distinguish the two species by their bark, though when not crowded, the habit of Hooker's hemlock is very distinct; but they could be identified by the fallen cones under the trees. The largest that I measured here was about 150 feet by 13 feet 8 inches. Higher up, where the forest opened out into glades at the bottom of the Paradise Valley, which is, in Professor Sargent's opinion, one of the most interesting in America for its alpine flora, it assumed a different and more flat-topped habit; the largest here that I measured was 108 feet by 13 feet 3 inches. It grew in company with Abies lasiocarpa, and seedlings of both were numerous on rotten logs on the shady sides of the clumps in which they always grew.

The tree in a very stunted state reaches the timber line—about 7500 feet—in company with Abies lasiocarpa and Cupressus nootkatensis; but in California, J. Muir measured a specimen at 9500 feet, near the margin of Lake Hollow, which was 19 feet 7 inches in girth at 4 feet from the ground.

Mr. Gorman gives an excellent account of the tree in his Survey of the Eastern Part of the Washington Forest Reserve, pp. 335–336, from which I quote as follows:—

"This hemlock is confined to the moist valleys and vicinity of the passes. It is the prevailing tree in Cascade Pass, 5421 feet, and is quite common about the


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234

A large tree, attaining in America 200 to 250 feet in height and 20 feet or more in girth, narrowly pyramidal in habit. Bark of old trees reddish brown, and deeply divided into broad, flat, connected scaly ridges. Young shoots whitish grey, and covered with short pubescence, intermixed with scattered long straggling hairs. Leaves pectinately arranged, the shorter leaves on the upper side of the branchlets, those in the median line above often parallel to the twig and directed forwards, exposing their stomatic surfaces. The leaves are ¼ to ¾ inch long, linear-oblong, uniform in width, serrulate in margin, dark green above, with a median groove continued up to the rounded apex; under surface with inconspicuous midrib and two broad white stomatic bands, which are ill defined on the outer side, there being no distinct marginal green bands. Buds greyish brown, ovoid, with an obtuse and flattened apex; scales keeled and pubescent.

Cones sessile, about one inch long, ovoid, composed of five series of scales, each series with six to seven scales. Scales spathulate, nearly twice as long as broad, wider in the upper half, abruptly narrowed below, rounded with a slightly acute apex, entire and slightly bevelled in margin, striate and slightly pubescent on the outer surface. Bract small, concealed, lozenge-shaped, pubescent and keeled. Seed with a very long wing, decurrent on the outer side of the seed to the base; seed with wing about three-fourths the length of the scale.

The young seedling has three to four cotyledons, which are a little more than 4 inch in length, gradually tapering to an acute apex, sessile, flattened beneath, the upper surface two-sided and bearing stomata, margin entire. The young stem is pubescent and bears first two to three whorls of true leaves (three in each whorl), which are serrulate, shortly stalked, and bearing stomata on their upper surface. These are succeeded by leaves borne spirally. The cotyledons are supported by a caulicle, reddish and glabrous, about an inch in length. which terminates in a very slender flexuose tap-root.

The name Albertiana has been chosen, as it appears to have been published as early as that of Mertensiana under the correct genus Tsuga. Tsuga Mertensiana is now the name given by American botanists to Tsuga Pattoniana, and its adoption would cause considerable confusion. Albertiana, never having been applied to any other species, is correct on the grounds of common sense as well as of priority.


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236 "From many observations made in the zone of the hemlock and lovely fir, it is apparent that these trees, from their ability to thrive under the most adverse conditions, are rapidly superseding the others, and will, under natural conditions, be the sole components of the alpine forests. It is a striking fact that, upon many areas where from 50 to 100 per cent of the present forest is red fir (Douglas), the reproduction is entirely hemlock and lovely fir. Should these forests be destroyed by fire it is probable that red fir would rival these species in restocking the burn; but under natural conditions it is evident that the red fir will be displaced, and the limits of the alpine trees become much lower than at present.

'The yellow pine (P. ponderosa), in some instances, does good work in stocking open spots in the timber, but seldom extends far beyond the parent tree. In the yellow pine forests most of the young growth is red or white fir (A. grandis), which, taking advantage of the shade and moisture afforded by the yellow pine cover, is growing rapidly, and will in time form a larger percentage of the forest than it has in the past."

I can confirm this from my own observation both in the Cascade Forest and in Vancouver's Island. The seedlings germinate most freely when they fall on the moss-covered rotting trunk of a fallen tree, along which a complete row of young trees often grows; and Plate 59, vol. i. shows a tree of this species, probably 150 years old, whose roots had completely enclosed the still sound trunk of a red cedar (Thuya plicata). A valuable paper by Mr. E.T. Allen, dealing with the western hemlock from a forestry point of view, has been published by the U.S. Bureau of Forestry.

It was introduced in 1851 by Jeffrey, and named in 1863 by Murray, at the request of Queen Victoria, in memory of the late Prince Consort, who was a patron of the Oregon Association, and President of the Royal Horticultural Society.

In grace, freedom of growth, and adaptability to varied conditions of culture, in England this, as an ornamental tree, is second to none, and much superior to any other hemlock. Though it has been in cultivation little over fifty years it has already attained a height of about 90 feet in such widely distant counties as Kent, Devonshire, and Perthshire.

The only soils on which it will not thrive are chalk, limestone, and heavy clay, and though it enjoys all the moisture that the wettest parts of England afford, it wants, like all its congeners, a well-drained soil and a sheltered situation.

It ripens seed abundantly in England, and has sown itself in several localities, especially at Blackmoor, the seat of the Earl of Selborne, where there are several self-sown trees, of which the best, growing on the lower greensand formation, is, at about fifteen years old, 10 to 12 feet high, though the parent trees do not exceed about 65 feet.

In Fulmodestone Wood, on Lord Leicester's estate in Norfolk, I have also seen self-sown seedlings; and though they are very slow in growth for the first four or five


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238 The only place where the tree is reported to have been killed by frost is in the plantations at the Cairnies, Perthshire, where Hunter says (p. 364) that in the severe winter of 1880-81 many were injured and some killed. Two of the finest specimens in Scotland are, however, growing in the grounds at this place.

In Ireland the best specimen we know of is one at Glenstal, Co. Limerick, which measured in 1903, 78 feet high by 7½ feet in girth. One of exactly the same height by 6 feet in girth is growing at Kilmacurragh, Co. Wicklow; and around it are several self-sown seedlings. At Mount Usher, in the same county, there is a fine specimen, 28 years old, from seed, which was 57 feet high by 4 feet 5 inches in 1903.

The timber of the western hemlock has not until recently been much valued, or cut for lumber, on account of its supposed inferiority to that of the Douglas spruce, and is often left standing by loggers, but the increasing scarcity of lumber in some districts has led to its being converted into boards, and it is now largely used for the construction of buildings. Sargent says that it is light, hard, and tough, stronger, more durable, and more easily worked than the other American hemlocks. Allen says that in strength it cannot be classed with oak, red fir, or longleaf pine, nor is it suitable for heavy construction, especially where exposed to the weather; but it possesses all the strength requisite for ordinary building material. It is largely used in Washington for mill frames.

At Mr. Bradley's sawmill at Bridal Veil, Oregon, I saw it being manufactured, and brought away a sample which quite bears out Sargent's high opinion of it. If such timber existed in Japan or in Europe, I am sure it would be highly valued for joinery, but so far as J can learn none has yet been shipped to Europe. Hemlock timber" has been exported to Manila, and is likely to prove of considerable value in the tropics for housebuilding and indoor finish, as it appears to be free from the attacks of white ants. The wood is distasteful to rodents, and is used on that account by farmers for the construction of oat-bins.

The bark, according to Sargent, forms the most valuable tanning material produced on the west coast of North America, and the inner bark is eaten by the Indians of Alaska.

James M. Macoun says of it—"The abundance of other wood of better quality has prevented the hemlock from coming into general use, and the same prejudice exists in British Columbia against the western tree that prevailed until very recently against hemlock in eastern Canada. Though its grain is coarse, western hemlock is for many purposes just as serviceable as other woods which cost more. The bark is rich in tannin, but is too thin to be extensively used while there is such an abundance of Douglas fir in the same region."


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240

In the colder parts of New England and Canada the hemlock is one of the most characteristic trees of the virgin forest, and extends, according to Sargent, from Nova Scotia and New Brunswick westward through Ontario to eastern Minnesota, southwards through Delaware, southern Michigan, and central Wisconsin, and along the Appalachian Mountains to north-western Alabama. He says that it attains its largest size in the south, in the mountain valleys of North Carolina and Tennessee, and gives its size as usually 60 or 70 and occasionally 100 feet in height, with a trunk 2 to 4 feet in diameter; but Pinchot and Ashe (loc. cit. p. 134) give 110 feet with a diameter of 6 feet as its extreme size, with a beautiful picture of it (pl. xix.). When, however, I was at Ottawa in September 1904 I visited, in company with Mr. James M. Macoun of the Geological Survey, a forest near Chelsea, in the Gatineau valley, where several hemlocks of nearly 100 feet were standing, mixed with birches, maples, and other hardwoods, and found a fallen tree which must have been at least 125 feet, and perhaps 135 feet long, though the top was too rotten to follow it out to the end. Mr. Macoun, however, said he had never seen one so large before.

It often grows on rocky ridges, where it forms dense groves on the north side, and loves the steep banks of river gorges. Henry visited in 1906 Pisgah Mountain, near Hinsdale, in New Hampshire, where there remain on the estate of Mr. Ansell Dickinson about 700 acres of virgin forest. This mainly consists of a mixture of hemlock and hardwoods, with white pine occurring here and there singly and in small groups; though on one or two areas of a few acres the white pine and hemlock form a pure coniferous stand. The largest hemlock seen measured 113 feet by 7 feet 10 inches, with a clean stem of only 30 feet, being much branched though densely crowded by other trees. A great many small hemlocks throughout the forest formed an undergrowth, and had been suppressed in growth, one which was ¾ inch in diameter and 10 feet high showing 65 annual rings.

In the Arnold Arboretum, near Boston, is a fine natural grove of this tree, called Hemlock Hill, which gives a very good idea of its normal growth in New England. The average height here is 60 to 70 feet by 3 to 4 feet, and the best that I measured at the bottom of the hill was 80 feet by 4 feet 6 inches. These trees were rather crowded, and had clean boles for 15 to 30 feet up.

The growth of the tree is very slow, and Sargent says that the specimen of its timber in the Jessup Collection in the American Museum of Natural History at New York (which is the most complete that has ever been formed of the woods of any country) is only 13½ inches in diameter inside the bark, though it shows 164 annual rings, of which the sapwood, 2 inches thick, has twenty-nine.

It seeds freely, but the seedlings do not germinate well in the open or on land which has been recently burned over, and seem to succeed best on a mossy stump or fallen log, where they must often remain eight to ten years before their roots reach the earth. According to Sargent they are only three or four inches high at four years old, under favourable conditions, and are easily destroyed.


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Category talk:Works with no license template

Clearing the backlog
Notes for classes of pages that can be easily dealt with using AWB or other semiautomated processes.\

Authors
Pete (talk) 16:47, 24 February 2024 (UTC)

 * I'm using this page to facilitate AWB edits: User:Peteforsyth/tempforAWB -Pete (talk) 19:13, 26 February 2024 (UTC)
 * Excellent ! (There are still a few of Charles Wesley's) -- Beardo (talk) 19:35, 26 February 2024 (UTC)
 * Thanks Beardo. Yes, I've noticed a few strays too, the ones I've seen seem to result from not being directly linked from the author page, sometimes because of an intervening versions page. There are also some "Letters to George Washington" attributed to Thomas Jefferson, that are not listed on his page or otherwise categorized. I don't know of any way to handle these in an automated fashion, for the time being I've been mostly skipping them in the hopes that somebody else has a bright idea about it. -Pete (talk) 20:07, 26 February 2024 (UTC)

A few months ago this category contained more than 1500 pages. As of today it's 309. As we get into material that is more challenging to process, I'm planning to make a simple report breaking this up into subcategories to hopefully ease processing. To that end, here's the list as of now:

-Pete (talk) 20:50, 19 April 2024 (UTC)


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Page:Letter Circular 454; hues of the spectrum colors (IA lettercircular45454nati).djvu/5

 {| class="wikitable"
 * rowspan=2 |Authority
 * rowspan=2 |Date
 * colspan=11 |Wave Length in Millimicrons.
 * Red
 * R-0
 * Orange
 * O-Y
 * Yellow
 * Y-G
 * Green
 * G-B
 * Blue
 * B-V
 * Violet
 * Helmholtz||1866
 * 687
 * 656
 * 431
 * Bezold||1874
 * 656
 * 589
 * 578
 * 558
 * 532
 * 502
 * 468
 * 432
 * Donders||1884
 * 582
 * 533
 * 485
 * Rood||1890
 * 700
 * 621
 * 597
 * 588
 * 581
 * 527
 * 502
 * 437
 * 438
 * 406
 * Voeste||1902
 * 577
 * 498
 * 476
 * V. kries||1907
 * 574
 * 503
 * Westphal||1909
 * 574
 * 506
 * 479
 * Dreher||1911
 * 575
 * 509
 * 477
 * Ridgway||1912
 * 644
 * 598
 * 577
 * 520
 * 473
 * 410
 * Goldytsch||1916
 * 468
 * Bradley||1920
 * 656
 * 608
 * 579
 * 514
 * 469
 * 421
 * Goldmann||1922
 * 568
 * 504
 * 468
 * Priest||1926
 * 680
 * 583
 * 515
 * 475
 * Brückner||1927
 * 578
 * 498
 * 471
 * Shubert||1928
 * 574
 * 500
 * 467
 * Weld||1932
 * 622
 * 597
 * 577
 * 492
 * 456
 * Gage||1933
 * 625
 * 600
 * Verbeek||1935
 * 605
 * 598
 * 587
 * 580
 * 569
 * 530
 * 496
 * Maximum
 * 656
 * 608
 * 600
 * 583
 * 577
 * 535
 * 502
 * 485
 * 456
 * 421
 * Average||
 * 631
 * 600
 * 592
 * 577
 * 568
 * 515
 * 498
 * 473
 * 439
 * Minimum
 * 644
 * 605
 * 597
 * 587
 * 568
 * 558
 * 498
 * 492
 * 467
 * 431
 * }
 * 468
 * Bradley||1920
 * 656
 * 608
 * 579
 * 514
 * 469
 * 421
 * Goldmann||1922
 * 568
 * 504
 * 468
 * Priest||1926
 * 680
 * 583
 * 515
 * 475
 * Brückner||1927
 * 578
 * 498
 * 471
 * Shubert||1928
 * 574
 * 500
 * 467
 * Weld||1932
 * 622
 * 597
 * 577
 * 492
 * 456
 * Gage||1933
 * 625
 * 600
 * Verbeek||1935
 * 605
 * 598
 * 587
 * 580
 * 569
 * 530
 * 496
 * Maximum
 * 656
 * 608
 * 600
 * 583
 * 577
 * 535
 * 502
 * 485
 * 456
 * 421
 * Average||
 * 631
 * 600
 * 592
 * 577
 * 568
 * 515
 * 498
 * 473
 * 439
 * Minimum
 * 644
 * 605
 * 597
 * 587
 * 568
 * 558
 * 498
 * 492
 * 467
 * 431
 * }
 * 597
 * 577
 * 492
 * 456
 * Gage||1933
 * 625
 * 600
 * Verbeek||1935
 * 605
 * 598
 * 587
 * 580
 * 569
 * 530
 * 496
 * Maximum
 * 656
 * 608
 * 600
 * 583
 * 577
 * 535
 * 502
 * 485
 * 456
 * 421
 * Average||
 * 631
 * 600
 * 592
 * 577
 * 568
 * 515
 * 498
 * 473
 * 439
 * Minimum
 * 644
 * 605
 * 597
 * 587
 * 568
 * 558
 * 498
 * 492
 * 467
 * 431
 * }
 * 421
 * Average||
 * 631
 * 600
 * 592
 * 577
 * 568
 * 515
 * 498
 * 473
 * 439
 * Minimum
 * 644
 * 605
 * 597
 * 587
 * 568
 * 558
 * 498
 * 492
 * 467
 * 431
 * }
 * 498
 * 492
 * 467
 * 431
 * }
 * }


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Podocarpus.] branches of young trees weak, slender. Leaves of young plants usually distichous, spreading, 1–1½ in. long, narrow linear-lanceolate; of mature trees inserted all round the branches, close-set, ¾–1 in. long, linear or linear-lanceolate, acute, pungent, rigid and coriaceous, midrib somewhat prominent beneath. Flowers dioecious. Male flowers as in P. Totara, but usually solitary and distinctly peduncled. Female flowers frequently geminate on the short peduncle. Fruit narrow-ovoid, pointed; peduncle usually enlarged and succulent.—P. Totara var. Hallii, Pilger, Pfianzenreich, iv. 5, 84.

3. P. acutifolius, T. Kirk in Trans. N.Z. Inst. xvi. (1884) 370, t. 26.—An erect much-branched shrub 3–10 ft. high; branches slender, erect. Leaves usually rather lax, spreading, ⅓–1 in. long, linear, straight, acuminate and pungent, sessile or nearly so, green, coriaceous; midrib indistinct; margins slightly recurved. Flowers diœcious. Males ⅓–½ in. long, solitary or in fascicles of 2–4 at the top of an erect peduncle about ½ in. long, each flower with 4 scarious acuminate bracts at its base, forming a quasi involucre at the top of the peduncle. Anthers numerous, closely packed; connective obtuse. Female flowers minute, axillary, solitary or very rarely geminate at the top of a short swollen peduncle. Fruit small, ovoid, seated on the enlarged and fleshy bright-red peduncle.—Forest Fl. t. 39; Pilger, Pflanzenreich, iv. 5, 84.

4. P. nivalis, ''Hook. Ic. Plant.'' t. 582.—A much-branched erect or prostrate shrub 2–8 ft. high; branches wide-spreading, often rooting at the base. Leaves close-set, sessile, not distichous, spreading or recurved, ¼–⅔ in. long, linear to linear-oblong or narrow linear-obovate, obtuse, apiculate, narrowed to the base, very thick and coriaceous, midrib prominent beneath, margins thickened. Flowers diœcious. Males axillary, solitary or 2–4 at the top of


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Rh Seneca wanting in personal courage. Yet it was surely something to have set up a noble ideal, though they might not attain to it themselves, and in "that hideous carnival of vice" to have kept themselves, so far as they might, unspotted from the world. Certain it is that no other ancient sect ever came so near the light of revelation. Passages from Seneca, from Epictetus, from Marcus Aurelius, sound even now like fragments of the inspired writings. The Unknown God, whom they ignorantly worshipped as the Soul or Reason of the World, is—in spite of Milton's strictures—the beginning and the end of their philosophy. Let us listen for a moment to their language. "Prayer should be only for the good." "Men should act according to the spirit, and not according to the letter of their faith." "Wouldest thou propitiate the gods? Be good: he has worshipped them sufficiently who has imitated them." It was from a Stoic poet, Aratus, that St Paul quoted the great truth which was the rational argument against idolatry—"For we are also His offspring, and" (so the original passage concludes) "we alone possess a voice, which is the image of reason." It is in another poet of the same school that we find what are perhaps the noblest lines in all Latin poetry. Persius concludes his Satire on the common hypocrisy of those prayers and offerings to the gods which were but a service of the lips and hands, in words of which an English rendering may give the sense but not the beauty:—"Nay, then, let us offer to the gods that which the debauched sons of great Messala can never bring on their broad chargers,

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650 a slender peduncle, variable in length, very slender, ¼–1 in. long. Anthers very numerous, often laxly placed; connective obtuse. Female flowers solitary, axillary, seated on the top of a short swollen peduncle. Fruit a small oblong-ovoid nut; peduncle much enlarged, fleshy and succulent, bright-red, usually with 2 acute projections at the top (adnate bracts), 1 on each side of the nut.—Raoul, Choix, 41; ''Hook. f. Fl. Nov. Zel. i. 232; Handb. N.Z. Fl. 257; Kirk, Forest Fl. t. 40; Pilger, Pflanzenreich,'' iv. 5, 85. P. montanus, Col. in Trans. N.Z. Inst. xxvii. (1895) 395.

5. P. ferrugineus, ''D. Don. in Lamb. Gen. Pinet.'' ed. ii. (1832) 189.—A tall forest-tree 50–80 ft. high with a rather narrow round-topped head; trunk 1–3 ft. diam.; bark greyish-brown or almost black, scaling off in large flakes. Leaves distichous, close-set, spreading, ½–¾ in. long, linear, falcate, acute or subacute, 1-nerved, margins recurved, red-brown when dry; those of young plants longer, narrower, and more acute. Flowers diœcious. Males axillary, solitary, sessile, cylindric, equalling or rather longer than the leaves. Anthers numerous, closely packed; connective obtuse. Female flowers solitary or very rarely geminate at the top of a curved peduncle clothed with minute scale-like bracts. Fruit large, broadly oblong, drupaceous, ¾ in. long, reddish-purple with a glaucous bloom, top of the peduncle not enlarged nor succulent.—''A. Cunn. Precur. n. 327; Raoul, Choix, 41; Hook. Ic. Plant. t. 542; Hook. f. Fl. Nov. Zel. i. 232; Handb. N.Z. Fl. 257; Kirk, Forest Fl. t. 84; Pilger, Pflanzenreich,'' iv. 5, 66.

6. P. spicatus, ''R. Br. in Benn. Pl. Jav. Rar.'' 40.—A tall round-headed forest-tree 40–80 ft. high; branches numerous, crowded, erect; trunk 2–4 ft. diam.; bark black or bluish-black, scaling off in large flakes. Young plants with long slender flexuous and pendulous branches, clothed towards the tips with reddish-brown leaves. Leaves of mature plants distichous, ⅓–½ in. long, linear, straight or slightly falcate, obtuse or apiculate, coriaceous, green above, glaucous beneath. Flowers diœcious. Males numerous, ⅕–⅓ in. long, linear, obtuse, horizontal, arranged in axillary spikes. Anthers closely packed; connective ovate, acute. Female flowers in 3–8-flowered spikes. Fruit black or nearly so, globose, succulent, ¼–⅓ in. diam.; fleshy receptacle wanting.—''Hook. Ic. Plant. t. 543; Raoul, Choix, 41; Hook. f. Fl. Nov. Zel. i. 232; Handb. N.Z. Fl.''


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 impulse drew him towards the waterfall; and yet, when he came near it, a still more powerful feeling of bashfulness stayed his steps, and he remained just within the wood, his gaze fixed with rapture on the beauteous vision before him.

The object of his admiration was no less a person than the daughter of the Silesian monarch, whose sceptre at that period swayed the Riesengeberg, among the groves of which beautiful district it was her wont often to take a stroll, attended by the maidens of her court, for the purpose of gathering sweet-smelling herbs or flowers, or, after the homely fashion of those days, of collecting wild cherries or strawberries for her father’s private table. At times, when the weather was warmer than usual, she would repair to the waterfall and refresh herself with a bath; and on one of these occasions it was that the gnome king fell in love with her.

Well, there he stood, fixed by a resistless charm, until at last the all-unconscious Princess departed with her attendants, making the wood resound with their merry voices. The enamoured spirit did not venture to follow, but instinctively persuaded that ere long she would return to the same spot, he took up his position there, day after day, impatiently awaiting her benign presence. At the expiration of a week, amid the noontide heat of a glowing summer’s day, the Princess and her suite again sought the pleasant


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 shade of the waterfall. ’Twere vain to aim at any description of the utter amazement which overcame her, when she saw the entire change that had taken place there since her last visit. The once rude and straggling rocks were now reduced to form, and clothed in carved marble and alabaster; the stream no longer fell wildly and noisily over a rugged precipice, but murmured in gentle gradations over a smooth descent into a noble basin of polished marble, in the centre of which stood a fountain, through whose thousand jets the sparkling waters rose high into the clear air, and then returning with a graceful sweep, scattered abroad, as it seemed in the sun’s rays, myriads of brilliants, and rubies, and emeralds, and topazes, and other stones of price, of varied form and colour, ere it regained its marble home beneath. Around the basin, up to its very edge, lay a soft carpet of the brightest verdure, sprinkled thick with daisies and the other modest flowers which add beauty to the fresh and beautiful grass. A hedge of jasmine and sweetbriar, and roses and honeysuckles, bordered this charming spot, at once affording shade and sweet odours and security from intrusion. Right and left of the cascade stood gates, giving double entrance to a magnificent grotto, whose walls and arched ceiling were composed of a mosaic of the richest crystals and spars, the many-coloured effulgence of which dazzled the sight. In niches around was arranged


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Rh or the law of his father?" And again: "Our mother the Church hath ordinances settled in her which are inviolable, and may not be broken. Seeing then there are ordinances established in the Chvirch, and they are well, and all things are admirably done, this seducer is again refuted."

For the further opening hereof it will not be amiss to consider both of the objection of Aerius, and of the answer of Epiphanius. Thus did Aerius argue against the practice of the Church:

This was Aerius's argumentation, which would have been of force indeed if the whole Church had held, as many did, that the judgment after death was suspended until the general resurrection, and that in the meantime the sins of the dead might be taken away by the suffrages of the living. But he should have considered, as Stephanus Gobarus, who was as great an heretic as himself, did, that the doctors were not agreed upon the point; some of them maintaining

and that it was a foolish part in him to confound the private opinion of some with the common faith of the universal Church. That he reproved this particular error, which seemeth to have gotten head in his time, as being most plausible to the multitude, and very pleasing unto the looser sort of Christians, therein he did well: but that thereupon he condemned the general practice of the Church, which had no dependence upon that erroneous conceit, therein he did like unto himself, headily and perversely. For the Church, in her commemorations and prayers for the dead, had no relation at all unto those that had led their lives lewdly and dissolutely, as appeareth plainly, both by the author of the Ecclesiastical Hierarchy, and by divers other evidences before alleged; but unto those that led their lives in such a godly manner as gave pregnant hope unto the living that their


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42 souls were at rest with God: and to such as these alone did it wish the accomplishment of that which remained of their redemption; to wit, their public justification and solemn acquittal at the last day, and their perfect consummation of bliss, both in body and soul, in the kingdom of heaven for ever after. Not that the event of these things was conceived to be any ways doubtful, (for we have been told that things may be prayed for, the event whereof is known to be most certain;) but because the commemoration thereof was thought to serve for special use, not only in regard of the manifestation of the affection of the living toward the dead, (he that prayed, as Dionysius noteth,

but also in respect of the consolation and instruction which the living might receive thereby, as Epiphanius, in his answer to Aerius, doth more particularly declare.

The objection of Aerius was this: the commemorations and prayers used in the Church being no profit to the dead, therefore as an unprofitable thing they are to be rejected. To this doth Epiphanius thus frame his answer:

Which is as much in effect as if he had denied Aerius's consequence, and answered him, that although the dead were not profited by this action, yet it did not therefore follow that it should be condemned as altogether unprofitable, because it had a singular use otherwise; namely, to testify the faith and the hope of the living concerning the dead: the faith, in "declaring them to be alive," (for so doth Dionysius also expound the Church's intention in her public nomination of the dead,)

the hope, in that they signified hereby that they accounted their brethren to have departed from them no otherwise than as if they had been in a journey, with expectation to meet them afterward; and by this means made a difference betwixt themselves


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Rh and others which had no hope. Then doth Epiphanius proceed further in answering the same objection, after this manner:

Which, as far as I apprehend him, is no more than if he had thus replied unto Aerius: Although the prayer that is made for the dead do not cut off all their sins, which is the only thing that thou goest about to prove, yet doth it profit notwithstanding for another purpose; namely, to signify the supereminent perfection of our Saviour Christ above the rest of the sons of men, who are subject to manifold slips and falls as long as they live in this world.

For as well the righteous with their involuntary slips, as sinners with their voluntary falls, do come within the compass of these commemorations; wherein prayers are made both for sinners that repent, and for righteous persons that have no such need of repentance: for sinners, that being by their repentance recovered out of the snare of the devil, they may find mercy of the Lord at the last day, and be freed from the fire prepared for the devil and his angels; for the righteous, that they may be recompensed in the resurrection of the just, and received into the kingdom prepared for them from the foundation of the world. Which kind of prayer being made for the best men that ever lived, even the patriarchs, prophets, apostles, evangelists, and martyrs themselves, Christ only excepted, showeth, that the profit which the Church intended should be reaped therefrom, was not so much the taking away the sins of the parties that were prayed for, as the honouring of their Lord above them; it being hereby declared,

as the praying to the one, and for the other, doth discover;


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44

until the day of the resurrection, unto which all these prayers had special reference. This do I conceive to be the right meaning of Epiphanius's answer, as suiting best both with the general intention of the Church, which he taketh upon him to vindicate from the misconstruction of Aerius, and with the application thereof unto his objection, and with the known doctrine of Epiphanius, delivered by him elsewhere in these terms:

And for the general intention of the Church, beside what already hath been at large declared of the times past, let us a little compare the ancient practice of Praying for the dead maintained by Epiphanius, with the footsteps which remain thereof in the Euchologue used by the Grecians at this very day. For

First, that the parties prayed for are not supposed to be in any place of torment, appeareth by that speech which they apply to the party deceased, even in the midst of the prayers which they make for the forgiveness of his sins and the resting of his soul;

And by the prayer following:

Secondly, that they make these prayers as well for the righteous as for sinners, this orison, among others, doth demonstrate:

Thirdly, that in these prayers they aim at those ends expressed by Epiphanius, as well the testifying their belief of the peregri-


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Rh nation of their brethren and their living with the Lord, as the putting a difference betwixt our Saviour and all other men how blessed soever, (in respect the one is, the other but men; the one after his glorious resurrection remaineth now immortal in heaven, the other continue yet in a state of dissolution, with their bodies resting in the earth in expectation of the resurrection; the purity and perfection of the one is most absolute, the manifold failings of the very best of the other such that they stand in need of mercy and pardon;) this prayer following may witness:

Whereunto this other short prayer also for one that is deceased may be added:

Lastly, that these prayers have principal relation to the judgment of the great day, and do respect the escaping of the unquenchable fire of Gehenna, not the temporal flames of any imaginary purgatory, is plain, both by these kinds of prosopopœias, which they attribute to the deceased:


text:
Author:John Milner (1628-1702)

Works

 * Conjectanea in Isaiam ix. 1, item in Parallela quædam Veteris ac Novi Testamenti in quibus Versionis LXX Interpretum … cum Textu Hebræo conciliationem meditatur Author (1673)
 * A Collection of the Church History of Palestine from the Birth of Christ to the Beginning of the Empire of Diocletian (1688)
 * A Short Dissertation concerning the Four Last Kings of Judah (1687)
 * De Nethinim sive Nethinæis et de eis qui se Corban Deo nominabant disputatiuncula adversus Eugabinum, Card. Baronium (1690)
 * A Defence of Archbishop Usher against Dr. Cary and Dr. Isaac Vossius, . . . with an Introduction concerning the Uncertainty of Chronology (1694)
 * A Discourse of Conscience (1697)
 * A View of the Dissertation upon the Epistles of Phalaris, Themistocles, &c., lately published by the Rev. Dr. Bentley, also of the Examination of that Dissertation by the Honourable Mr. Boyle (1698)
 * A Brief Examination of Some Passages to the Chronological Fact of a Letter written to Dr. Sherlock in his Vindication, in a letter to a friend,' with 'A Further Examination [of the above] in a second letter.
 * An Account of Mr. Locke's Religion out of his own Writings (1700)
 * Animadversiones upon M. Le Clerc's Reflexions upon our Saviour and His Apostles (1702)

title: Author:John Milner (1628-1702)


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Author:John Denis Macdonald

Works

 * The Analogy of Sound and Colour (1869)
 * Outlines of Naval Hygiene (1881)
 * Guide to the Microscopical Examination of Drinking Water (1883)
 * Guide to the Microscopical Examination of Drinking Water (1883)

title: Author:John Denis Macdonald


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dX>Cy ft) el Kovei Kpvyfrov viv, evda fiy ttot eU evvrjv iraTpo^i TOVTCDV TTpoaeiat /jurjBev aXX* OTav Odvr) K€ifi7]i avTTJ TuvTa aq>^e(r6(o KaTco. dpxv^ B' civ, el fJLTj TXr}fjLove(XTdTr} yvvrj Traacov e/^ao-re, TaaBe Bvcrp^eveh %oa9 440 158

title: Page:Sophocles (Storr 1919) v2.djvu/170


text:
Page:Sophocles (Storr 1919) v2.djvu/172

 ovK av iroO^ ov 7* eKreive, rwS' eTrecrrecj^e. (T/ceylrat yap et aoL irpod^iXo)^ avrfj hoKel fyepa rdh ovv rd^oLCTL he^eaOac z/e/tf?, v(l> ))<; Oavoov drc/jio^;, coare SvafX€vrj<;, i/jia(T')(^aXL(TOr}, Kairl Xovrpolaiv Kapa K7]l8a(i^e/ia^ev. a pa /jLtj Bo/cel^; XvTijpt avjfi ravra rov (j)6vov (f^epeiv; OVK ecTTiv. dWd ravra fxev yite^e?' (tv Be T€/jLovaa KpaTo<; ^oarpv'x^cov dKpa<; vecoTepai<; ')(ep(yiv aTe^dOjJbev rj ravvv Bcopov/jueOa. olfiat fxev ovv, oTfxai ri KaKelva) jxeXov Tre/xyfrac rdB* avrfj Bvcrrrpoo-OTrT ovetpara' 460 0/^0)9 o, aoeX(pr], aoi a virovpyrjaov rate ejjLOL T dpcoyd Ta> re ^iXTdro) ^porcov TrdvTcov, ev " KlBov KeifxevM koivw irarpL

XOP02 7r/)09 evae/SeLav rj KopTj Xejeo' ai/ Be, el cr(i)LXrj, Bpdaets rdBe,

XPY2O0EMI2 Bpdaco' TO yap Bifcaiov ovfc e%€i Xoyov Bvolv epi^eiv, dXX^ eTnaTvevBeiv to Bpav. 160

title: Page:Sophocles (Storr 1919) v2.djvu/172


text:
Page:Sophocles (Storr 1919) v2.djvu/174

 TrcLpcofievrj Se rcovBe twv epycov ifMol ^ acyrj irap vfiMV, irpo^ 6eMV, earo), (j)iar 0)9 el rah' rj reKOvaa Trevaerat, inKpav 470 hoKM fJL€ irelpav rrjvBe ToXfirjaeiv en.

XOP02 crrp,

el firj 7ft) irapdcfipodv fidvTi<; e(j)VV koI r^vd)fia<; eL7rofjL6va d<;, elaiv d TTpo/xavTL^

AUa, SUaia (fiepofiiva xepolv Kpdrr}' fiireLO-LV, c5 rUvov, ov fxaKpov xpovov. vireaTL fiot ddpao<;, dBviTvocov KXvovaav 480 dpTi(i)(ovetpdrcov. ,, , ,i c / ov afcrj(ryevv<i, a viv Kareirecjivev ato-%tcrTafc9 iv aldai^;,

dvT, r]^ei KOI iToKvirov^ fcal 7roXv%et/) a heivol^ KpVTTTO/jieva Xoxoi'^ ^^^ yaXKoirov^ 'Eptvv<;. okeKTp' dvv/jb^a yap iirefia fitat^ovcov ydficov dfjLLWriP'aO' olaiv ov defMC<;. TTpO TMvhe TOL fi e%€i fjiT) TTore fiT} TToO' rffilv dylreyh ireXdv repa<^ ToU SpcocTt fcal avvSpcoaiV. r; rot fxavTelai ^poTMV 500 ovK elalv iv heuvols ovelpoi^; ovh' iv Oe(T<l)dTOi<;y el firj ToBe (^dafjua vvkto^ ev Karaaxv^^^i"

1 Wakefield adds o-'.

162

title: Page:Sophocles (Storr 1919) v2.djvu/174


text:
Page:Sophocles (Storr 1919) v2.djvu/176

 M TTeXoTTO? a TTpoaOev TToXvTTOvof; LTTTreia, ci)9 e/jbo€<; alav7]<; race ya. 6VT6 yap 7rovTtao6i<; M.upTio KaOv^pi^ovaa Ka ae fcal rd ad- iyco 8' v^piv fJilv ovK e%co, KU/cm Se ere Xe7ft) fcaKM<; Kkvovaa 7rpo<; creOev Oajxa. 'Trarrjp yap, ovBev dXko, aol jrpoaxVff ^^l 0)9 e^ ifiov reOvi-jKev, e'f efxov' /caXax; e^oiBa- TOOL'S' dpvrj(TL<; ovk eveart /xor 7) yap Alkt] vlv elXev, ovk iycb^fiovj), r} xpOT^ <5-' dpriyeiv, el cppovova irvyxaver eVel Trarrjp cro? ol^to?, ov dprjvels dei, 530 164

title: Page:Sophocles (Storr 1919) v2.djvu/176


text:
Page:Sophocles (Storr 1919) v2.djvu/178

 rrjv arjv ofiai/jiov fiovvo^; 'FjW'^vcov erXtj Ovaai Oeotaiv, ovk taov Kafjiwv e/jbol v7rr)(, o? eairetp, wcTTrep 7) TiKTOva iyco, elev, hiha^ov hrj fxe tov ')(^dpiv, tlvcov eOvcrev avTTjv irorepov Apyeicov epet?; aXV ov ixeTTjv avrolcrL ttjv 7' e'yu-^t' Kravelv, oXK! avT aSeXcjiOV Srjra M.6ve€0) fcravcov rd/jL, OVK efjLcWe rcovBe /jloi Scoaeiv Slktjv; irorepov ifcetvM TratSe? ov/c rjaav ScttXoI, 01)9 rrjcrSe fjuaWov elKo<; rjv 6vycrK€LV, Trarpcx; 540 Kol /jbr)Tpb<; ovTa<;, '^9 o 7rXo09 oS' rjv ')(^dpiv; rj Tcov ifJLwv '^AiSrjf; riv* l/iepov tckvcov rj TMV iK€ivr)<i €G")(e haiaaaOau irXeov; rj TO) iravcoXei irarpl rwv fiev ef e/iou TraiScov iroOo^ irapeiTO, ISHevekeo) S* ivrjv; ov ravT d^ovXov /cat fca/cov yvco/jirjv 7raTpo<;; BoKw jubev, el koL (Trj<; Si^a yvcofjLrjq Xeyco' (jyairj 8 av rj Oavovad y el (fxovrjv Xd^oc, eyot) fxev ovv ovk elfu T0t9 TreirpayfjuevoLf; BvaOv/jbo^;' el Be aol Bokco ^povelv KaKM^, 550 yvd)/iL7]v Bifcalav a^^ovaa tov<; 7reXa9 ^jreye,

HAEKTPA

epel<; jxev ov')(l vvv ye fi 0)9 dp^aad ri Xvnrjpov elra aov rdS* e^rJKOVcr vtto' dXX^ rjv e(f>fj<; /jlol, tov reOvrjKOTO^; 0" virep Xe^aL/jb dv 6p6a)<; t^9 Kaaiyvrjrrj^; 6^ ofJLOV*

KATTAIMNH2TPA

Kah fJbTjv e(pL7]/jL ' ei oe fjL o)o aei Xoyovf; ef/^/)%69, OVK dv rjaOa Xvirrjpd KXvecv.

HAEKTPA

Kal Brj Xeyco aoi. irajepa ^^9 Krelvai. Tt9 dv TOVTOV X0709 yevoLT* dv ala')(ia)v en, 166

title: Page:Sophocles (Storr 1919) v2.djvu/178


text:
Page:Sophocles (Storr 1919) v2.djvu/180

 ei-V* ovv htKai(o<; etre fiTj; Xe^co Be aot 560 ft)9 ov SiKT) ry eKTetva^, dWd cr' eairaaev TretOo) KUKOV irpo^ dvSp6<;, m ravvv ^vvei. ipov Be Tr)V KVva<yov"ApTep,LV, tlvo^ TTOLva^i TCL TToWa irvevixaT ecr%' iv AvXlBr 97 yo) (ppdao)' k€lv7]<; <ydp ov Oijjbi^ fxaOelv. irarijp ttoO^ ovfio'^, co? i<yo) fcXvco, 6ed<; irai^wv Kar akao^ i^eKivqaev iroBolv (TTLKTOV Kepdarrjv ekac^ov, ov Kara a(f)aya<; iKKO/jLTrdaa^; eVo? tl rvy^dvei ^aXcov. KdK TOvSe firjvicraaa Arjrwa Kopr] 570 KaTev^ ^ Kr)(aiov<^y o)? Trarrjp dpTLcrraOfiov Tov Orjpo^ eKOvaeie rrjv avrov Koprjv. wS* 'qv TCL Keivrjf; Ovfiar' ov yap rjv Xv(n<; dXXij arparw 7r/309 oIkov ovS et9 ^'IXiov. dv6^ odv, ^iacrdel^i iroXXd KdvTL^d^, fjb6Xt<; eOvaev avTrjv, ov')(l Mez/eXeo) ')(^dpLv. el 8' ovv, ipco yap Kal to aov, /celvov 6eX(ov €7rco(f)eXr}(Tai TavT eh pa, tovtov Oavelv XPV^ civTov ovveK eK creOev; ttolm vofjuay; opa Tcdeoaa roi'Se tov vo/jloi^ PpoTol<; 530 jjbT) TTTJfia aavTYj Kal jxeTayvoLav Ti6fi<i. el yap KTevov/xev aXXov dvT dXXov, av tol TrpcoTT] 6dvoL<; av, el Si/cq^; ye Tvy')(^dvoL^. oKs! elcropa firj aKijyjrcv ovk ovaav Ti6r}<;, el yap deXei<^, SiBa^ov dv6* otov Tavvv alcryidTa irdvTcov epya Bpcoaa Tvyxdvet<;, 7]TL(PvvevBeL<; tw iraXaixvaiw, fxeO ov iraTepa tov djxov TrpoaOev e^aTrdiXeaa^, Kal TraiBoTTOLel^, tov<; Be TrpoaOev ev(Tel3€t<; Ka^ evaej^Mv ^XaaTOVTa^; eKJBaXovcT e')(^eL<;. 59O TTCo? TavT eiraLveaaifji av; rj Kal TavT^ epeli 168

title: Page:Sophocles (Storr 1919) v2.djvu/180


text:
Page:Sophocles (Storr 1919) v2.djvu/182

 ft)? rr)? Ovyarpo^; avriiroLva XafjL^dvei<;; atcr;^/)W9 S', idv irep Kal Xiyrj^;' ov yap KaXov i')(6po2^ ya/jbelaOac ri}? Ovyarpo^ ovvcku, aA-A, ou 70-/0 ovde vovoerecv e^ean ae, T] TTCLcrav Lr](yXooaaav &)? ttjv p/rjrepa KaKoaTop.ov/jb€v. Kal a eycoye SeaTrorcv 7) /jLr]T€p* ovK eXaaaov eh r)/jid<; vepLW, Tj f(w ^lov p.o')(6rjp6v, €K re aov /caKol<; 7roXXot9 del ^vvovaa rod re avvvofjuov o S* aXXo9 efft), yelpa arjv puoXi^ (fyvycov, tXtjixcov '0/oeo-T7;9 hvaTV')(r} rpL^ec ^lov ov TToXXa 87J fie crol rpecfyecv p^idaropa eTrrjTLaaa)' /cal r6B elirep eadevov, eopcov aVi ev tovt laur rovoe y ovveKa Krjpvaae p! et9 diravra^;, elre XPV^ KaKrjv €iT€ crrop^apyov etr dvaiSetaf; irXeav. el yap irecpvKa rcovSe rSiv epycov cBpL<;, (T'^eBov TC rr)v arjv ov KaTaiaryyvfn (pvaiv,

XOP02 opoo pievo^ irveovaav el he avv Blktj ^vveo-TLy TovBe ^povri^ ovKer elaopco,

KATTAIMNH2TPA

TToia^ S' ep,o Bel 7rp6<; ye TrjvBe (f>povTLho^, rjTL^ rocavra rrjv reKOvcrav vfipiaev, Kal ravra TifXiKovro^;; dpd (Jol SoKel ')(wpelv av eh irdv epyov ala)(^vv7]<^ arep;

HAEKTPA

€v vvv eTTLo-TCD TcovBi pb ala")(vV7]v e')(eiv, Kel pur] BoKco  ra aa 170

title: Page:Sophocles (Storr 1919) v2.djvu/182


text:
Page:Sophocles (Storr 1919) v2.djvu/184

 epy i^avayKci^ei [xe ravra Spdv ^la' 620 ctl(TXPOi^ ya^p alcrxpa TrpdypbaT eKSiSda/cerat.

KATTAIMNH2TPA

0) upefjbjjb avacd€<;, tj a eyco Kai Tap, eirr) KoX Tcipya rdp^a ttoXX' ayav Xeyeiv iroel,

HAEKTPA

av TOi eyei^ vlv, ovk iyco- crv yap 7ro€t<; Tovpyov TO, 8' epya tov^ X6yov<; eupLdKeTai.

KATTAIMNH2TPA

dX)C ov pbCi TTjv SeaTTOivav "Aprep^Lv Opdaov^ Tovo OVK aXv^ec^;, evr av Aiytaao<; pLoXrj.

HAEKTPA

6pa<;; tt/oo? opyrjv etc^epei, p^edelad puoL Xeyetv a ')(pi]^oipi ovS* eTriaTaaai kv€LV.

KATTAIMNH5TPA

ovKOVv idcrei^ ovS^ vtt €V(f>r]p,ov ^orjf; 6

Ovcrai Pi €7r€iSr] aoi y 6(f)rJKa irdv eyeiv;

HAEKTPA

ew, KeXevco, 6ve' prjS* iiraniS)

TOvp>ov (TTopu, fo)9 OVK av IT 6 pa Xe^aipH en,

KATTAIMNH2TPA

eiraipe 8r) av dvpbaO^ r) irapovad pLoi irdyKapir, dvaKrc twS' oTrcof; vT'rjpLov<; ev')(a^ avdcryoa Beip^drcov, a vvv e^«. kXvol'^ av ijSrj, ^ol^e irpoo-TarrjpLey KeKpvpbpbevrjv puov ^d^iv ov yap iv 0tot9 6 pbv6o<;, ovSe irdv dvairTv^ai Trpiirec 7rpo<{ 0aJ9 TTapovat-j^ rrjaBe 7rX?7crta9 ip^oiy 6 p,r) (Tvv 66v(p re Kal iroXvyXcoaao) ^ofj aireipr) pbaraiav pd^tv et? irdaav ttoXlv. aXX' wS' aKove' rfjSe yap Kaycb (ppdaco. 172

title: Page:Sophocles (Storr 1919) v2.djvu/184


text:
Page:Sophocles (Storr 1919) v2.djvu/186

 a yap TrpoaetBov vvktl rySe (f)dcr/jLaTa hi(T(T(ji)v oveLpcov, ravrd fioc, Av/cei dpa^, el fjuev 7re(f>r}V€i> ia6d, S09 reXecrcfiopa, el S' e^^pd, Tol<; e'^Opoio-Lv e/jUiraXiv jJueOe^' KoX purj fie ttXovtov tov nrapovTo^ el Tti/69 hoXoiai ^ovXevovatv eK^aXelv, e^^?, aXV o)he fi alet ^Mcrav d/3Xaj3el $L(p 650 86fjLOV<; ^ArpeiBcov aKfjirrpd t dpL^eTreLV rdhe, (fiiXoLai re ^vvovaav ol<i ^vveifio vvv evrj/jiepovcrav koI re/cvcov ocrcov e/jLol Bvcrvoca ixr] nrpoaeaTLV rj XvTrrj inKpa. TavTy CO Av/cei "AiroXXov, LXeco<; kXvcov So? Trdaiv tj/jllv coairep e^acrov/jieOa. rd S* dXXa irdvTa /cal aict)7r(t)ar)<; ejiov eira^LM ere oaifiov ovr e^eidevar TOi'9 e/c Ato? ydp elKo^ ean irdvO opdv.

nAiAArnros

^€PaL <yvvatKe<;, ttw? dv elBelrjv aa(f)6i)<; 660 el TOV Tvpdvvov Sdofjuar Alyuadov rdSe;

X0P05 rdS* iarlv, w ^ev*' avTo<; yKaaa^ KaX(o<^,

nAiAArnros ^ Kal Bd/juapra rrjvh^ eTrecKd^cov KvpS) Keivov; irpeireL <ydp 009 Tvpavvo<; eiaopdv,

XOP02 fidXccTTa TrdvTcov 'i]Be croi Keivr) irapa,

nAiAArnros w ')(cilp i dvaaaa* aoi (f)epcDv rjKO) Xoyov<s '^8el<i ^lXov Trap* dvBpo<; AlyiaOcp 6^ o/jlov.

KATTAIMNH2TPA

iBe^d/jirjv to pr/Sev' elBevat he gov 7rpd)TcaTa ')(^prj^co tl<; <j aTredTeCXev ^poTOiV* 174

title: Page:Sophocles (Storr 1919) v2.djvu/186


text:
Page:Sophocles (Storr 1919) v2.djvu/188

 HAEKTPA

nAiAArnros ^avoT6u<; o ^P(i)K€v ^€v^ ; elire' rrapa (f)iov yap 03v avhp6pd(Tco. ggQ Kelvo^ yap iXOcov eh to /cXeivov EXXaSo? Trpoa'^rj/jb dySivo^ AeXcfiiKcbv dOXcov ')(^dptv, OT fjadeT dvSpb<; opOtcov KrjpvypbdTcov hpofJLOv 7rpofcr}pv^avTO<;, ov TrpcoTr) Kpicn,^;, elarjXOe Xafiirpo^, Trdai toI<; ifcel cr6/3<X9* Bpofiov 8' l(7W(Ta<^ Td^eaei ^ tcl TepjxaTa VL/C7]<i e'X^cov e^TjXOe TrdvTifiov yipa<;. ^WTTft)? fjL6v ev TToXXolcrt, iravpd aoc Xeyco ovK ol8a TOLOvS' dvSpo<; epya Kal KpdTTf ev 8' tad^' oaayv yap elaeKrjpv^av fipa^ri<{ ggQ

^ T7J <pv(r€i MSS., Musgrave corr.

176

title: Page:Sophocles (Storr 1919) v2.djvu/188


text:
Page:Sophocles (Storr 1919) v2.djvu/190

 [Bpofimv StavXcov TrevraOX' a vo/Jbi^€Tai]^ TovTcov ivejKcov rravra TainviKUi odl3i^€T, Apyelo<; fiev avaKaXovfX€Vo<;, ovofia 8' 'OpeaTTjfiy tov to Kkeuvov 'FAXa8o9 ^Ayafiifjivovo'; o-rpaTev/Jb ayelpavro^ irore, KoX ravra p.ev roiavO'' orav Be rt? Oecov ^ ^XaTTTT), hvvaiT av ovh' av la')^vcov (pvyelv. Kelvo^ yap dWrj<; r)pLepa<i, 66' liriTLKMV Tjv rfKiov TeWovTO<; onKVirov; aydyv, ela-TJXOe ttoWcov dpfjLarrjXaTMV fiera. 700 el? ^v 'Axciio^, eh airo ^Trdprr)^, Bvo Al^v€<; ^vycoTMV dp/xdrcov iinaTaTai* KdKelvo^ iv TovTOiai, (deaaaXd^ €%a)Z/ tTTTrou?, Treyu-TTTO?" €/cto(e| AtVwXta?^ ^avOalai ircoXot^' €^Bo/jlo<; Mdyvr]^ dvrjp* 6 h' 6ySoo<; Xev/ctTTTTO?, Alvtdv yevor evaro^ 'A6r]vcov rcov deoBfirjrwv diro' BoiWTo? dXXo<;, BUarov eKTrXrjpMV oxov. ^ dravTe^ S' Xv avrov^i ol reray/jLevot $pa^7]? virep^dXoi yvoa^ Tt9 avTcov fcal ^pvdyfiad LiriTLKa. ofJLOV yap dp.^1 vcora koI Tpo^fov ^daei,<; Tjcjipi^ov, elae^aXXov lirTTiKal irvoai. Ketvo^ B" VTT avTfjv e(TxdT7)v (TTTjXrjv excov 720

1 Jebb with most critics rejects the line and alters tovtuu in next line to it6A.coi'. 178

title: Page:Sophocles (Storr 1919) v2.djvu/190


text: The Pima Indians/History

title: The Pima Indians/History


text: Page:Messages of the President of the United States on the Relations of the United States to Spain (1898).djvu/24


text: Page:Messages of the President of the United States on the Relations of the United States to Spain (1898).djvu/25


text:
Page talk:Chekhov - The Darling and other Stories (Macmillan, 1917).djvu/7

Letter characters distorted?
Where it is supposed to read "New York," it looks more like "Rem Bort," to me, although the original scan looks ok. Sacle1 (talk) 19:36, 24 February 2024 (UTC)


text:
Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 128.pdf/3184

128 STAT. 3160 :: pursuant to law arising out of an offense committed in the System or, where the individual subject to the warrant or process is in the System, in connection with any Federal offense; and
 * (D) conduct investigations of offenses against the United States committed in the System in the absence of investigation of the offenses by any other Federal law enforcement agency having investigative jurisdiction over the offense committed or with the concurrence of the other agency.

(b) —
 * (1) —The Secretary may designate officers and employees of any other Federal agency, or law enforcement personnel of a State or political subdivision of a State, when determined to be economical and in the public interest and with the concurrence of that agency, State, or subdivision, to—
 * (A) act as special police officers in System units when supplemental law enforcement personnel may be needed; and
 * (B) exercise the powers and authority provided by subparagraphs (A) to (D) of subsection (a)(2).
 * (2) —The Secretary may—
 * (A) cooperate, within the System, with any State or political subdivision of a State in the enforcement of supervision of the laws or ordinances of that State or subdivision;
 * (B) mutually waive, in any agreement pursuant to subparagraph (A) and paragraph (1) or pursuant to subparagraphs (A) and (B) of subsection (a)(2) with any State or political subdivision of a State where State law requires the waiver and indemnification, all civil claims against all the other parties to the agreement and, subject to available appropriations, indemnify and save harmless the other parties to the agreement from all claims by third parties for property damage or personal injury, that may arise out of the parties’ activities outside their respective jurisdictions under the agreement; and
 * (C) provide limited reimbursement, to a State or political subdivisions of a State, in accordance with such regulations as the Secretary may prescribe, where the State has ceded concurrent legislative jurisdiction over the affected area of the System, for expenditures incurred in connection with its activities within the System that were rendered pursuant to paragraph (1).
 * (3) —Paragraphs (1) and (2) supplement the law enforcement responsibilities of the Service and do not authorize the delegation of law enforcement responsibilities of the Service to State or local governments.
 * (4) —
 * (A) —Except as otherwise provided in this subsection, a law enforcement officer of a State or political subdivision of a State designated to act as a special police officer under paragraph (1) shall not be deemed a Federal employee and shall not be subject to the provisions of


text:
Page:Messages of the President of the United States on the Relations of the United States to Spain (1898).djvu/26

 To the Senate of the United States:

I transmit herewith, in response to a resolution of the Senate of the 14th of February last calling for information and correspondence in regard to the condition of the Island of Cuba and to negotiations for commercial relations between the United States and that island, a report of the Secretary of State, with its accompanying correspondence covering the first inquiry of the resolution, together with a report of the special commissioner plenipotentiary charged with commercial negotiations under the provisions of the tariff act approved July 24, 1897, in response to the second inquiry.

2em

Washington, April 11, 1898.

The

The Secretary of State has had the honor to receive, by reference from the President, a resolution adopted in the Senate of the United States on the 14th of February last, reading as follows:

This resolution contemplates answer being made to two separate inquiries: First, in relation to the present condition of affairs in Cuba, and, secondly, with regard to the action had in view of the overtures of the Government of Spain for a reciprocal commercial agreement covering, particularly, the trade between the United States and the Island of Cuba.

The conduct of commercial negotiations under the authority and in accordance with the conditions found in sections 3, 4, and 5 of the existing tariff act approved July 24, 1897, having been intrusted to a spe-


text:
Page:Messages of the President of the United States on the Relations of the United States to Spain (1898).djvu/27

IV cial commissioner plenipotentiary duly empowered by the President to that end, it has been deemed convenient to leave to the commissioner the preparation of a report in answer to the second part of the Senate resolution, the undersigned reserving to himself the response to the first part thereof, which concerns the political and consular functions of the Department of State. The separate report of the Hon. John A. Kasson, special commissioner plenipotentiary, is therefore herewith independently submitted to the President with a view to its transmission to the Senate, should such a course be, in the Presidents' judgment, not incompatible with the public service.

The Senate resolution, while in terms calling for the submission to that honorable body of all or of a practical selection of the reports of the consul-general and consuls of the United States in Cuba written or received since March 4, 1897, which relate to the state of war in that island and the condition of the people there, appears to leave it to the discretion of the President to direct the scope of the information to be so reported and the manner of its communication. The undersigned, having taken the President's direction on both these points, has the honor to lay before him a selection of the correspondence received by the Department of State from the various consular representatives in Cuba, aiming thereby to show the present situation in the island rather than to give a historical account of all the reported incidents since the date assigned by the resolution.

Respectfully submitted.

2em

Washington, April 11, 1899.

The

In response to the following resolution of the Senate, passed under date of February 11, 1898, and which was referred to the undersigned for report, viz:

I have the honor to submit the following report:

In October, 1897, the minister of Spain at this capital verbally advised the undersigned that, so soon as the new Government in Spain had leisure to take up the question, he would probably be authorized to enter into negotiations with the undersigned for reciprocal trade


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Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 128.pdf/3185

Rh :: law relating to Federal employment, including those relating to hours of work, rates of compensation, leave, unemployment compensation, and Federal benefits.
 * (B) —A law enforcement officer of a State or political subdivision of a State, when acting as a special police officer under paragraph (1), is deemed to be—
 * (i) a Federal employee for purposes of sections 1346(b) and 2401(b) and chapter 171 of title 28; and
 * (ii) a civil service employee of the United States within the meaning of the term “employee” as defined in section 8101 of title 5, for purposes of subchapter I of chapter 81 of title 5, relating to compensation to Federal employees for work injuries, and the provisions of subchapter I of chapter 81 of title 5 shall apply.

(c) —This section and sections (b),, , (b), , (b) and (c), (a) and (d), (b)(1) and (c) to (e), 101306 [sic], (b) and (c), , , and 102702 of this title shall not be construed or applied to limit or restrict the investigative jurisdiction of any Federal law enforcement agency other than the Service, and nothing shall be construed or applied to affect any right of a State or political subdivision of a State to exercise civil and criminal jurisdiction within the System.

§ 102702. Crime prevention assistance

(a) —The Secretary shall direct the chief official responsible for law enforcement within the Service to—
 * (1) compile a list of System units with the highest rates of violent crime;
 * (2) make recommendations concerning capital improvements, and other measures, needed within the System to reduce the rates of violent crime, including the rate of sexual assault; and
 * (3) publish the information required by paragraphs (1) and (2) in the Federal Register.

(b) —Based on the recommendations and list issued pursuant to subsection (a), the Secretary shall distribute the funds authorized by subsection (d) throughout the System. Priority shall be given to areas with the highest rates of sexual assault.

(c) —Funds provided under this section may be used—
 * (1) to increase lighting within or adjacent to System units;
 * (2) to provide emergency phone lines to contact law enforcement or security personnel in areas within or adjacent to System units;
 * (3) to increase security or law enforcement personnel within or adjacent to System units; or
 * (4) for any other project intended to increase the security and safety of System units.

(d) —There is authorized to be appropriated out of the Violent Crime Reduction Trust Fund not more than $10,000,000 for the Secretary to take all necessary


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Rh Such claims present difficult religious liberty issues because some employers and healthcare providers have strong religious objections to sex reassignment procedures, and therefore requiring them to pay for or to perform these procedures will have a severe impact on their ability to honor their deeply held religious beliefs.

Freedom of speech. The Court’s decision may even affect the way employers address their employees and the way teachers and school officials address students. Under established English usage, two sets of sex-specific singular personal pronouns are used to refer to someone in the third person (he, him, and his for males; she, her, and hers for females). But several different sets of gender-neutral pronouns have now been created and are preferred by some individuals who do not identify as falling into either of the two traditional categories. Some jurisdictions, such as


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Rh arrangements with Spain, and that a representative of Cuba would probably be associated for the interests of that island.

Under date of December 9, 1897, the minister of the United States at Madrid was instructed to ascertain the disposition of the Spanish Government in respect to these negotiations.

Under date of January 24, 1898, a dispatch from Mr. Woodford (referred to this office) advised the Secretary of State that arrangements were made for the negotiation of a commercial treaty between Spain and the United States; that separate provisions would be made for Cuba; and that the Cuban insular government would appoint a delegate to represent that island in the negotiations. This was accompanied by a memorandum from the Spanish minister of colonies, stating that the same rules as for Cuba might be applied to Puerto Rico, and suggesting a basis for the negotiations. This communication was referred to this office on the 4th of February.

On the 6th of February, the Spanish minister, Mr. Dupuy de Lome, called on the undersigned, and announced that he was authorized to represent Spain in the pending negotiations, and that a special representative would arrive from Cuba, under appointment of the insular government, to act as far as the interests of that island were involved. He mentioned the name of Señor Angulo as the gentleman who had been suggested in Cuba for that appointment; but the delegate was not officially notified to this office.

On March 17 a note from the Spanish minister, Señor Polo de Barnabe, addressed under date of the 16th instant to the Secretary of State, was referred to this office. In that note his excellency advised this Government of his appointment by Her Majesty the Queen Regent of Spain to conduct these negotiations, assisted by Señor Manuel Rafael Angulo as special delegate of the insular government of Cuba, who would be aided by two technical assistants also appointed by the Cuban government; and, further, that an officer from the Treasury Department would be added in the same character.

His excellency announced his readiness to commence the labors of the commission so soon as the Government of the United States should formulate the general plan for carrying on the work.

Respectfully submitted, March 17, 1898.

Special Commissioner Plenipotentiary.


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text: Letter Circular 454: Hues of the Spectrum Colors


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Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 128.pdf/3186

128 STAT. 3162 actions to seek to reduce the incidence of violent crime in the System.

§ 102711. Authority of Secretary to use applicable appropriations for the System to render assistance to nearby law enforcement and fire prevention agencies and for related activities outside the System

To facilitate the administration of the System, the Secretary may use applicable appropriations for the System to render emergency rescue, firefighting, and cooperative assistance to nearby law enforcement and fire prevention agencies and for related purposes outside the System.

§ 102712. Aid to visitors, grantees, permittees, or licensees in emergencies

(a) —The Secretary may aid visitors within a System unit in an emergency, when no other source is available for the procurement of food or supplies, by the sale, at cost, of food or supplies in quantities sufficient to enable the visitors to reach safely a point where food or supplies can be purchased. Receipts from the sales shall be deposited as a refund to the appropriation current at the date of the deposit and shall be available for the purchase of similar food or supplies.

(b) —The Secretary may in an emergency, when no other source is available for the immediate procurement of supplies, materials, or special services, aid grantees, permittees, or licensees conducting operations for the benefit of the public in a System unit by the sale, at cost, including transportation and handling, of supplies, materials, or special services as may be necessary to relieve the emergency and ensure uninterrupted service to the public. Receipts from the sales shall be deposited as a refund to the appropriation current at the date of the deposit and shall be available for expenditure for System unit purposes.

§ 102901. Conveyance of property and interests in property in System units or related areas

(a) —With respect to any property acquired by the Secretary within a System unit or related area, except property within national parks or within national monuments of scientific significance, the Secretary may convey a freehold or leasehold interest in the property, subject to such terms and conditions as will ensure the use of the property in a manner that is, in the judgment of the Secretary, consistent with the purpose for which the System unit or related area was authorized by Congress. The Secretary shall convey the interest to the highest bidder, in accordance with such regulations as the


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text: Public Law 113-287/Chapter 1027

title: Public Law 113-287/Chapter 1027


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Page:Scott's Last Expedition, Volume 1.djvu/146

78 to windward, and two horns which form the bay embracing us. The sea is damped down to a gentle swell, although the wind is as strong as ever. As a result we are lying very comfortably. The ice is drifting a little faster than the ship so that we have occasionally to steam slowly to leeward.

So far so good. From a dangerous position we have achieved one which only directly involved a waste of coal. The question is, which will last longest, the gale or our temporary shelter?

Rennick has just obtained a sounding of 187 fathoms; taken in conjunction with yesterday's 1111 fathoms and Ross's sounding of 180, this is interesting, showing the rapid gradient of the continental shelf. Nelson is going to put over the 8 feet Agassiz trawl.

Unfortunately we could not clear the line for the trawl—it is stowed under the fodder. A light dredge was tried on a small manilla line—very little result. First the weights were insufficient to carry it to the bottom; a second time, with more weight and line, it seems to have touched for a very short time only; there was little of value in the catch, but the biologists are learning the difficulties of the situation.

Evening.—Our protection grew less as the day advanced but saved us much from the heavy swell. At 8 we started to steam west to gain fresh protection, there being signs of pack to south and west; the swell is again diminishing. The wind which started south yesterday has gone to S.S.W. (true), the main swell in from S.E. by S. or S.S.E. There seems to be another from south but none from the


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Havana, November 17, 1897.

I have the honor to transmit herewith several copies, with a translation, of a decree of the Governor-General respecting the "reconcentrados," and the conditions under which they may return to their homes; and also a copy and translation of an article from La Lucha of the 15th instant, reporting an interview with me.

I am, etc.,

Consul-General.

Don Ramon y Erenas, Marquis of Pena Plata, governor-general, captain-general, and general in chief of the army of this island.

Decided to afford the protection due by the Government to the country people concentrated in the towns, I have procured, by all means within the reach of the authority, to better the condition to which the rural population of this island has been reduced, more than by the direct effort of the war measures previously adopted, as a natural consequence of a violent and unjust insurrection, which, having imposed itself on this country, made itself felt from the first moment as an attempt against the national sovereignty and as a work of devastation of the country, but especially as the result of extreme passions let loose against the majority of the Cuban population, honest, active, and loyal, contended with the progress of its increasing culture, satisfied with the prosperity attained by its arts, its agriculture, industry, and commerce, proud of its race and nationality, and which after having undergone without disturbance the transformation from the work of slaves to that of freemen, offered to the world, as a special case of history, one of the most beautiful triumphs of liberty, united with the cause of order, was resolved to preserve in the noble purpose of obtaining through the evolution of ideas and by the peaceful struggles of law the consecration of its aspirations within the Spanish sovereignty.

To that purpose I have directed all the efforts which I have deemed opportune and pertinent, from ordering in a decided and conclusive manner that the reconcentrados be furnished with a daily ration and that the sick in the hospitals be duly attended, to ordering by a recent decree (bando) the reorganization of agricultural and industrial labors, as well as its normalization, to the end that without obstacles nor difficulties the poor people, specially, should be able to find means of subsistence, mitigation for their economic situation, and a possible remedy for their misfortunes.

The work of absolutely suspending the concentration and of remedying immediately the evils derived therefrom not being possible, unless it should be pretended that a crowd, composed largely of women and children, be launched into the fields, exposed, therefore, to suffer even greater evils than that which they may experience by remaining in the towns and which would surely give rise to as serious censures

5


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stinguish'd from New England, or other Horses, which have rough Coats or Skins. A great many are wild in the Woods, who are taken with Cords, and tam'd by Horse-Catchers.

At the time of the first taking of the Island by the English, there was great plenty of wild Cattle in all the Savannas, and they were caught the most part by cutting the great Tendons of their Legs behind, whereby they were disabled to run, and were for the most part destroyed by the Soldiers who had little else to feed on. This way of taking wild Black Cattle by hunting, cutting their Tendons or Lancing, is what is used by the Spaniards in their Islands and Continent, and by the Privateers or Bucaniers; but in Jamaica there remain very few wild Cattle to be taken, and those are in the North side of the Island, in the less frequented parts. The manner by which the Spaniards and English kill'd these Cattle, besides the wild Dogs who used of themselves to hunt and kill them, was with a Lance or Halberd, on the end of which was an Iron sharpned, and made in the shape of a Crescent or Half moon. These wild Cattle are said much to exceed the others in taste.

When I was in Jamaica, the Town of Port Royal was situated on a sandy Point; at the farther end whereof, towards Liguanee runs a narrow Neck of sandy ground about three Miles long. This Town had a very good and secure Harbour, defended from all Winds by the Land, and by a Reef running out a great way beyond the Cayos. In this Harbour there was so deep water, that the greatest Ship might lie with her side to the Keys. The Town or Point with violent Sea-Breezes, had suffered some small Inundations of the Sea, and some small diminution; but by hindering People from taking Stones from the Reefs, and barricadoing the Town against it, no such thing had happened lately. The Town or Point was fortified very well with a Fort, and several Batteries both to the Sea and Land; and on the sandy Neck were likewise planted prickly Pears to hinder the march of any Enemy that way. The Winds have sometimes by making several Currents in the Water, forc'd the Sand into some parts of the Channel where Ships used to come in, wherefore 'tis now become straiter, and some Ships have been put on ground. The Town consisted of about Fifteen hundred Houses, which at first were of Wood, but lately were of Brick for the most part. It was built here for a Conveniency for Seamen and Soldiers on the English Fleets being in this Harbour, when they took the Island, and afterwards it came by degrees to what it lately was. It was in its Infancy design'd to have been removed to the Salt Pans, which is just opposite to it on the firm Land of the Island, that so there might be a readier Communication at any time between


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 Mazzard, 70; meaning the face or head, 70, n. 2.

Meeting-houses, letting of, 311 and n. 1.

Men, with four legs, 162, n. 3; love disputing, 172 and n. 1; turned to ten-horned cattle, 372 and n. 5.

Meuckenius, his anecdote of a quack, 225, n. 4.

Mercuries and Diurnals, 138, n. 1.

Mercury, the God of thieves, 28.

Meroz, 372 and n. 6.

Metals, applied to the flesh in cold climates, occasion pain, 291 and n. 2.

Metaphysicians, notions of the, 9, n. 5.

Metempsychosis, doctrine of the, 290 and n. 5.

Metonymy, 235; a figure of speech, 235, n. 3.

Mice, attack the frogs, 408 and n. 1. Michaelmas and Lady-day, 305 and n. 1.

Ministers, called masters, 377 and n. 1.

Minstrel Charter and ceremonies, 47, n. 3.

Miscreants, 335 and n. 1.

Mittimus, or anathema, 321 and n. 2.

Mompesson, Mr, his house haunted, 140, n. 3.

Monardes, Nicholas, 294, n. 1.

Monboddo's, Lord, theory about tails, 103, n. 1.

Money, the mythologic sense, 152 and n. 4; the power of, 380 and n. 2; preferable to beauty, 438, n. 4.

Monkey's teeth, worship of, 35, n. 1.

Monk, General George, 54, n. 4; 381, n. 1.

Monstrous births alluded to, 136, n. 3.

Montaigne, playing with his cat, 5; alluded to, 172 and n. 4.

Moon, full of the, 10; suppositions respecting it, 28, n. 2; 214 and n. 3; man in the, 221 and n. 3; her diameter, 222 and n. 1; supposed seas in the, 222 and n. 2; to detach from her sphere, 236 and n. 1; shooting at the, 230, n. 2; a new world in the, 242 and n. 2; embracing the, 270, n. 2; its influence, 314 and n. 2.

Moralities and mysteries, 27, n. 4.

Morality, a crime, 313 and n. 2.

More, Sir Thomas, anecdote of his barber, 23, n. 4.

Morpion, 284 and n. 1.

Mother-wits, 429 and n. 1.

Mountains, thrashing them, 341 and n. 3.

Muggletonians, 183, n. 1.

Mum and silence, 385 and n. 1; 406, n. 3.

Mum-budget, 93, n. 3.

Munson, Lady, whips her husband, 168 and n. 7.

Muscovite women, their obsequiousness, 449 and n. 1.

Music, invention of, according to Pythagoras, 11, n. 4; its power said to cure diseases, 92, n. 1; of the spheres, 159 and n. 1.

Mysteries and Revelations, 183 and n. 4.

Napier's bones, 257 and n. 5; 344 and n. 2.

Nash, Dr, his remarks relative to Butler, Life, xvi, xxiv.

Nativity, casting a, 28, n. 5.

Neal, Sir Paul, 214, n. 2; 262, n. 1; particulars respecting, 265, n. 3. Nebuchadnezzar, 424 and n. 1. Necromantic art. 213 and n. 5. Negus, king of Abyssinia, 144 and n. 3.

Nero and Sporus, 198 and n. 5.

New England, brethren of, 190 and n. 1.

Newport, Treaty of, 184, n. 1; 377.

Nicked, or hedged in, 379 and n. 1

Nimmers, 257 and n. 4.

Nine-pence, proverb respecting, 23, n. 3.

Nock, date of, 16; signification of the word, 16, n. 3.

Noel, Sir Martin. 385, n. 2


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86


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had recently joined ns, and did not know that I understood a little of their language, were overheard by me discussing my appearance : " He is not strong, he is quite slim, and only ap- pears stout because he puts himself into those bags (trousers); he "will soon knock up." This made my Highland blood rise,. and I kept them all at the top of their speed for days together, until I heard them express a favourable opinion of my pedestrian powers.

I returned to Kuruman, to bring my luggage to our proposed settlement, and was followed by the news that the tribe of Bakwains, who had shown themselves so friendly towards me, had been driven from Lepelole by the Barolongs. Thus my prospect of forming a settlement there was for the present at an end. One of the periodical wars, for the possession of cattle, had burst forth in the land, and had so changed the relations of the tribes to each other, that I was obliged to set out anew to look for a suitable locality for a station. As we journeyed north again, a comet blazed on our sight, exciting the wonder of every tribe we visited. That of 1816 had been followed by an irruption of the Matebele, a tribe of Caffres, and the most cruel enemies the Bechuanas ever knew. The present prodigy they thought might prove as portentous, or might only foreshadow the death of a principal personage. As some of the Bamangwato people had accompanied me to Kumman, I was obliged to restore them and their goods to their chief Sekomi. This made it necessary to go back to his residence, and, for the first time, I travelled a distance of some hundred miles on ox-back. Returning towards Kuruman, I selected the beautiful valley of Mabotsa (lat. 25° 14' south, long. 26° 30' ?) as the site of a missionary station; and thither I removed in 1843. Here an occurrence took place, which, but for the importunities of friends, I meant to have kept to tell my children when in my dotage.

The Bakatla of the village ilabotsa were troubled by lions, which leaped into the cattle-pens by night and destroyed their cows. They even attacked the herds in open day. This was so unusual an occurrence that the people believed them- selves bewitched — "given," as they said, "into the power of the lions by a neighbouring tribe." They went once to attack the animals, but, being rather cowardly in comparison with


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{|class="__NBS553a"
 * Testaceus||B
 * Umbrinus||B
 * Weak Red||SC
 * }
 * Weak Red||SC
 * }
 * }

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 دانغ كند سنهر كثيتن اغكرس يغ دنجري جمبي اية يغ ترلال امة 4

عاقلان ډرفد سيل سترو لاونث دان ایاله يغ امة ستباون قد سجل

توننث دان ایاله يغ أمة ترمشهور قد سجل نجري خبرن لاک ساغة

بربوت درم اكن سكل فقير دان مسكين دان ایاله يغ ممثيكن حاد

دان مقصود سكل همب الله يغ برسهاج كندان مک جاډ مشهورله خبرث يغدمكين أية فد سكل نچری مک جاد بربغكتله برهي دندم سب خبر يغدمكين اية اما بعد کمدین در ابت كري بيت مغتاكن اخلاص هات بيت كند سپورکثیتن اغكرس ادفون اد فادک سري سلطان

اية مرورهكن سري ليل دراج دان سري سنتي فهلوان دان سري راج 1

خطیب دان سجل مريک يغ سرتان اية اكن ممباوسورة بركا دغن فغيرن ادفات " دنگري جي اية سفاي جاغن لاک برانتار نچری

برني دان نجري جمی اية سلمان مک اډاله يغ نجري برني

جمي ایت

اقام سبوه نجري جواهان ادفون يغ دکھنداک فادک سري سلطان جکلو ادكاسه نولس اخلاص فغيرن اډ فات اية فادک 1

سلطان مهند أكة

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 مبال * سنداو ایتوله یغ دکھنداک فادك سري سلطان کند فغيرن ادفات سبرمول فول جكلواد كاسه تولغ سېور كفر اكن بيت منت نولغ مبال کاین جابر ايتوله جکلواد كاسه تولغ سېور کثیتن شهدان يغ اتوسن در برني 9

اية فتاره بیتاله شد فرمان کند الله توهن عالم سكلينث دان بركة نبين عليهم السلام كمدبن دغن تولغ فليهار سپورله اكن سكل مريک ایت جكلواد

خیل ببلل دمكينله يغ بیت کهنداک ادفون کاسه بيت اكن سبور كفتن هان دغن اورغ دان تیکر بسمبغ مک پست

کاسه نولس اخلاص سبور اكن

جاغن اف كيران سپور عايبكن درفد نند اخلاص هات بیت جو ادان اکن سپوركفيتن

 Surat ekhlas yang tiada berputusau misra yang tiada berantara trang chuacha netiasa, deri-pada leta Raja Bendabara Paduka Sri Maharaja permaiswara di [negri ] Birut, datang ka-pada Sinnyor Kapitan liggris, yang di negri Jambi itu, yang terlalu amat ’akalana deri-pada segala setru lawan-nya, dan ia-lah yang amat setiawan pada segala [handai] taulan-nya, dan ia-lah yang amat termasbhur pada segala negri khabar -nya, lagi sangat berbuat derma akan segala fakir dan miskin, dan ia- lah yarg menyampaikan ha[jat] dan maksud segala hamba Allah yang bersahaja ka pada-nya. Maka jadi mashhur-lah khabar-nya yang demikian itu pada segala vegri, maka jadi berbaugkit-lah brahi dendam [seg ] khabar yang demikian itu. Amma b'adu kemdian deri itu kirim (?) bêta mengatakan ekhlas hati hêta ka-pada Sinnyor Kapitan Inggris. Ada pun ada paduka Sri Sultan [ Birni] itu menyurohkan Sri Lêla 'Diraja, dan Sri Setia Pahlawan dan Sri Raja Khatib, dan segala merika yang serta-nya itu, akan membawa

title: Page:Jstraitsrsa31-33.pdf/164


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 surat berka [seh-kasehan] dengan Pangeran Adipati di negri Jambi itu, supaya jangan lagi berantara negri Birni dan negri Jambi itu sa-lama-lama-nya. Maka ada-lah yang negri Birni [dan] Jambi itu upama sa-buah negri jua ada-nya. Ada pun yang di-kehendaki paduka Sri Sultan, jikalau ada kaseh tulus ekblas Pangeran Adipati itu, paduka Sri] Sultan mehendaki membli sendawa, itu-lah yarg di-kehendaki paduka Sri Sultan ka-pada Pangeran Adipati. Sa-bermula pula jikalau ada kaseh tolong Sinnyor Kapitan] akan bêta minta tolong membli kain gabar itu -lah jikalau ada kaseh tolong Sinnyor Kapitan. Shahadan yang utusan deri Birni itu, petaroh bêta-lah pada pertaina nya ka -pada Allah Tuhan ‘alam sakalian-nya, dan berkat nabi niya 'alaibum ' s-sallama, kemdian dengan tolong plihara Sinnyor lah akan segala merika'itu jikalau ada khilaf belal-nya; demikian - lah yang beta kehendaki kaseh tulus ekhlas Sinnyor akan bêta. Ada pun kaseh bêta akan Sinnyor Kapitan hanya degan sa'orang dan tikar besemborg, Inaka jangan apa kira-nya Sinnyor 'aibkan deri-pada tanda ekhlas bati bêta jua ada-nya akan Sinnyor Kapitan.

A letter of unending friendship and unmarred pleasure, like eternal sunshine, from me the Raja Bendabara Paduka Sri Maha raja, prince in Birni (?) to the English Captain at Jambi, who is very much more intelligent than all his enemies and adversaries, and it is he who is very faithful to all his [friends and] companions, and it is he whose report is widely published in all lands, and who is very charitable to all beggars and poor people, and it is he who satisfies the needs and desires of all the unfortunates who are dependent upon him. Such a report of him has been spread throughout all lands, so that loving desire has arisen [ because of] such a report. Amma b'adu, after that, I am sending (?) this to express the friendship of my heart to the English Captain. Now His Highness the Sultan [of Birni] is sending Sri Lêla Diraja and Sri Setia Pahlawan and Sri Raja Khatib and all those who are with them to take this letter of [affection] to my lord the Governor at Jambi, so that Birniand Jambi should not be sundered for ever, for Birni [and] Jambi are as if they were one country. Now that which is desired by His Highness the Sultan, if there is love sincerity and friendship with

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text: The Pima Indians/Technology

title: The Pima Indians/Technology