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 to acknowledge my obligations to Mr Forsyth's well-known 'Life of Cicero,' especially as a guide to the biographical materials which abound in his Orations and Letters. Mr Long's scholarly volumes have also been found useful. For the translations, such as they are, I am responsible. If I could have met with any which seemed to me more satisfactory, I would gladly have adopted them.

W. L. C.

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 "They are about to murder him," cried Kennedy. "Our interference has only served to hasten the hour of his death. We must act."

"But how, Dick? What can you do in this darkness?"

"Oh! if it were only day!" cried Joe.

"Well, if it were day?" said the doctor, in a peculiar tone.

"Nothing easier then," said Kennedy. "I would descend and disperse this rabble with a few shots."

"And you, Joe?" asked the doctor.

"I, sir, would act more prudently, in making known to the prisoner that he should escape in the proper direction."

"And how would you convey this advice?"

"By means of this arrow, which I caught flying, and to which I would fasten a note; or by simply calling to him in a loud voice. The negroes would not understand his language."

"Your plans are impracticable, my friends; the greatest difficulty would be for this unfortunate man to save himself, even admitting that he could escape the vigilance of his executioners. As for you, my dear Dick, with much courage and by profiting by the fright excited by our firearms, your plan might perhaps succeed; but if it failed you would be lost, and we should have two persons to save instead of one. No, we must have all the chances on our side, and act otherwise."

"Very well, but act at once," replied Kennedy.

"Perhaps," replied Samuel, dwelling on the word.

"Are you not capable of dispelling this darkness, sir?"

"Who knows, Joe?"

"Ah, if you could do a thing like that, I should say you are the cleverest man in the world."

The doctor remained silent for some minutes in deep thought. His companions contemplated him with some emotion. They were over-excited by this extraordinary incident. Ferguson soon spoke.

"This is my plan," he said. "We have still 200 lbs. of ballast, as the bags in which we brought it have remained untouched. I take for granted that this prisoner, a man evidently worn-out by hardships, weighs as much as one of us. There will remain, therefore, 60 lbs. to throw away in order that we may rise rapidly."

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 "How do you intend to act, then?" asked Kennedy.

"This way, Dick. You admit, no doubt, that if I succeed with the prisoner and throw away a quantity of ballast equal to his weight, nothing will be changed so far as the equilibrium of the balloon is concerned; but then if I want to secure a rapid ascent to escape this tribe of negroes, I must use stronger measures than the blow-pipe; now in throwing over this weight of ballast at the right moment I am sure to rise with great rapidity."

"That is evident."

"Yes; but there is great inconvenience in it. For instance, to descend slowly, I must lose a quantity of gas proportionate to the excess of ballast I shall have thrown away. Now this gas is a very precious commodity, but we must not regret the loss where the safety of a fellow-creature is concerned."

"You are right, Samuel, we must sacrifice everything to save him."

"Well, let us be up and doing. Dispose these bags so that they may be thrown down at once."

"But the darkness"

"Will hide our preparations, and will not be gone until they are completed. Take care to have all the arms within reach. It may be necessary to give them a volley; we have one shot in the carbine, four in the two guns, twelve in the two revolvers—seventeen in all—which can be fired in a quarter of a minute. But we may not be obliged to resort to this. Are you ready?"

"We are," replied Joe.

The bags were arranged, and the arms laid ready for action.

"Good," said the doctor. "Keep a good look-out. Joe shall have the duty of throwing the ballast over, and Dick shall take up the prisoner, but nothing may be done without my orders. Joe, go and loose the grapnel and come back as quickly as possible."

Joe let himself slide down by the rope, and reappeared in a few minutes. The "Victoria" thus freed, floated in air, scarcely moving at all.

Meantime the doctor assured himself that there was a sufficient quantity of gas in the "mixing-chest" to support the blow-pipe, if necessary, without making it obligatory to


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 with booty, they left the apartment they had ransacked. This couple were condemned to ten years' confinement.

During the trial Corvet and his wife asserted that I had tempted them to the robbery. Certainly in the line I had pursued, there was nothing that could be construed into such a temptation; besides in a robbery I do not see how there can be any provocation possible. A man is honest or he is not: if he be honest, no consideration can be sufficiently powerful to determine him on committing a crime: if he be not, he only wants the opportunity, and is it not evident that it will offer itself sooner or later?

And if this opportunity makes a rogue, may not the robber become an assassin? Certainly he who labours to demoralize a frail being, and to inculcate pernicious principles, for the horrid pleasure of ultimately delivering him up afterwards to the executioner, must be the most infamous of scoundrels. But when a man is perverted, when he declares himself in a state of hostility with his equals, to draw him into a snare; to attract him by hopes of booty which yet he is prevented from gaining; to hold out to him the bait, which eventually takes him;—is not this rendering a real service to society? It is not the sheep which is placed in the wolf's trap which creates his depredatory instinct. He has the same inclination for robbing; he is predisposed to the action, and the action will be infallibly accomplished; for, at one time or other, the robber will go any lengths to perfect his crime. What is important is, when an attempt is made and the authors detected, the eye of the police is upon them, and the body of society thus guarded and benefitted. In fact I see no harm, but quite the reverse, in casting before the viper the piece of cloth on which he may exhaust his venom.

In a large city like Paris, gangrened hearts are never wanting, nor minds criminally perverted; but every robber who infests the metropolis has not the mark of crime upon his brow. Some are skilful enough to go on a long career of guilt before they are detected.


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we speak, in the language of our title-page, of the 'Ancient Classics,' we must remember that the word 'ancient' is to be taken with a considerable difference, in one sense. Ancient all the Greek and Roman authors are, as dated comparatively with our modern era. But as to the antique character of their writings, there is often a difference which is not merely one of date. The poetry of Homer and Hesiod is ancient, as having been sung and written when the society in which the authors lived, and to which they addressed themselves, was in its comparative infancy. The chronicles of Herodotus are ancient, partly from their subject-matter and partly from their primitive style. But in this sense there are ancient authors belonging to every nation which has a literature of its own. Viewed in this light, the history

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 resort to the Buntzen "pile." He raised the two perfectly isolating conducting rods which were used to decompose the water, then searching in his traveling-bag he drew out two pieces of charcoal cut to a point, which he fastened to the end of each wire.

His two friends watched him without understanding his object, but they said nothing until the doctor had finished. He then stood upright in the center of the car and took one of the pieces of charcoal in each hand and touched one against the other. Suddenly an intense and dazzling light was produced of an insupportable brightness between the two parts of the charcoal. An immense band of electric light literally burnt through the obscurity of the night.

"Oh!" said Joe. "Sir"

"Hold your tongue," said the doctor.

directed his electric light towards various points, and stopped at the spot whence the cries of terror were heard. His two companions regarded it fixedly.

The "baobab," above which the "Victoria" was hovering, was growing in the center of an open space. Between the oil-plant fields and the sugar-canes they distinguished fifty huts of low and conical appearance, around which a numerous tribe had congregated.

A hundred feet below the balloon a stake had been prepared. At the foot of this stake lay a human being, a young man about thirty years old, with long black hair; he was half naked, emaciated, stained with blood, and covered with wounds. His head was bent forward on his chest.

Some hairs more closely shaven on the top of the head indicated the place where the tonsure had been half effaced.

"A missionary! a priest!" cried Joe.

"Poor fellow!" said the Scot.

"We will save him, Dick," said the doctor.

The crowd of negroes perceiving the balloon, which appeared like an enormous comet with a dazzling tail, were seized with a panic, as may readily be imagined. At their cries, the prisoner raised his head. His eyes sparkled with


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 cient 'equestrian' dignity, but as none of its members had hitherto borne any office of state, it did not rank as 'noble.' His grandfather and his father had borne the same three names—the last an inheritance from some forgotten ancestor, who had either been successful in the cultivation of vetches (cicer), or, as less complimentary traditions said, had a wart of that shape upon his nose. The grandfather was still living when the little Cicero was born; a stout old conservative, who had successfully resisted the attempt to introduce vote by ballot into his native town, and hated the Greeks (who were just then coming into fashion) as heartily as his English representative, fifty years ago, might have hated a Frenchman. "The more Greek a man knew," he protested, "the greater rascal he turned out." The father was a man of quiet habits, taking no part even in local politics, given to books, and to the enlargement and improvement of the old family house, which, up to his time, seems not to have been more than a modest grange. The situation (on a small island formed by the little river Fibrenus ) was beautiful and romantic; and the love for it, which grew up with the young Cicero as a child, he never lost in the

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"Language, literature, and the arts, all touched on with admirable verisimilitude, are impressed into the service of his thesis; and often, in reading of the delights of this underground Utopia, have we sighed for the refreshing tranquillity of that lamp-lit land."—Athenæum.

"The author of the 'Coming Race' tells us a simple though circumstantial narrative with an air of truth and reality which it is extremely difficult to doubt. The book furnishes amusing commentaries on all sorts of existing institutions. The irony is neither bitter nor ill-natured. It is sustained without effort, and the artistic skill of construction in the volume is marked enough to give an interesting vitality and realism to the dramatis personæ.  A curious, suggestive, and interesting book."—Daily News.

"There is an undercurrent of humour and irony running through the vision, it is true, but it has, nevertheless, a half-painful, half-grotesque air of earnestness in it, as though the writer were quite prepared to discover any day the people of which he has dreamt, and as though he thirsted for that discovery as a solace to his soul. "—Standard.

"There is not a page of it that would willingly be missed by any intelligent reader, while the matter receives additional interest from the singular clearness, vigour, and beauty of the language."—Scotsman.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS.


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 TABLE OF CONTENTS.


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 [No. 19.]

OF THE

OF THE

1887.

SINGAPORE:

London and America, ...

Paris, ...

Germany, ..., Leipzig.


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RAGGEDY ANN’S TRIP ON THE RIVER

When Marcella had a tea party out in the orchard, of course all of the dolls were invited. Raggedy Ann, the tin soldier, the Indian doll and all the others—even the four little penny dolls in the spool box. After a lovely tea party with ginger cookies and milk, of course the dolls were very sleepy, at least Marcella thought so, so she took all except Raggedy Ann into the house and put them to bed for the afternoon nap. Then Marcella told Raggedy Ann to stay there and watch the things.

As there was nothing else to do, Raggedy Ann waited for Marcella to return. And as she watched the little ants eating cookie crumbs Marcella had thrown to them, she heard all of a sudden the patter of puppy feet behind her. It was Fido.

The puppy dog ran up to Raggedy Ann and twisted his head about as he looked at her. Then he put his front feet out and barked in Raggedy Ann’s face. Raggedy Ann tried to look very stern, but she could not hide the broad smile painted on her face.

“Oh, you want to play, do you?” the puppy dog barked, as he jumped at Raggedy Ann and then jumped back again.

The more Raggedy Ann smiled, the livelier Fido’s antics

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 [No. 20.]

OF THE

OF THE

1889.

SINGAPORE:

London and America, ...

Paris, ...

Germany, ..., Leipzig.


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 became, until finally he caught the end of her dress and dragged her about.

This was great fun for the puppy dog, but Raggedy Ann did not enjoy it. She kicked and twisted as much as she could, but the puppy dog thought Raggedy was playing.

He ran out the garden gate and down the path across the meadow, every once in a while stopping and pretending he was very angry. When he pretended this, Fido would give Raggedy Ann a great shaking, making her yarn head hit the ground “ratty-tat-tat’”. Then he would give his head a toss and send Raggedy Ann high in the air where she would turn over two or three times before she reached the ground.

By this time, she had lost her apron and now some of her yarn hair was coming loose.

As Fido neared the brook, another puppy dog came running across the foot-bridge to meet him. “What have you there, Fido?” said the new puppy dog as he bounced up to Raggedy Ann.

“This is Raggedy Ann,’ answered Fido. “She and I are having a lovely time playing.”

You see, Fido really thought Raggedy enjoyed being tossed around and whirled high up in the air. But of course she didn’t. However, the game didn’t last much longer. As Raggedy Ann hit the ground the new puppy dog caught her dress and ran with her across the bridge, Fido barking close behind him.

In the center of the bridge, Fido caught up with the new puppy dog and they had a lively tug-of-war with Raggedy Ann stretched between them. As they pulled and tugged and flopped Raggedy Ann about, somehow she fell over the side of the bridge into the water.

The puppy dogs were surprised, and Fido was very sorry indeed, for he remembered how good Raggedy Ann had been to him and how she had rescued him from the dog-pound. But the current carried Raggedy Ann right along and all Fido could do was to run along the bank and bark.

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Now, you would have thought Raggedy Ann would sink, but no, she floated nicely, for she was stuffed with clean white cotton and the water didn’t soak through very quickly.

After a while, the strange puppy and Fido grew tired of running along the bank and the strange puppy scampered home over the meadow, with his tail carried gaily over his back as if he had nothing to be ashamed of. But Fido walked home very sorry indeed. His little heart was broken to think that he had caused Raggedy Ann to be drowned.

But Raggedy Ann didn’t drown—not a bit of it. In fact, she even went to sleep on the brook, for the motion of the current was very soothing as it carried her along—just like being rocked by Marcella.

So, sleeping peacefully, Raggedy Ann drifted along with the current until she came to a pool where she lodged against a large stone.

Raggedy Ann tried to climb upon the stone, but by this time the water had thoroughly soaked through Raggedy Ann’s nice, clean, white cotton stuffing and she was so heavy she could not climb.

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 So there she had to stay until Marcella and Daddy came along and found her.

You see, they had been looking for her. They had found pieces of her apron all along the path and across the meadow where Fido and the strange puppy dog had shaken them from Raggedy Ann. So they followed the brook until they found her.

When Daddy fished Raggedy Ann from the water, Marcella hugged her so tightly to her breast the water ran from Raggedy Ann and dripped all over Marcella’s apron. But Marcella was so glad to find Raggedy Ann. again she didn’t mind it a bit. She just hurried home and took off all of Raggedy Ann’s wet clothes and placed her on a little red chair in front of the oven door, and then brought all of the other dolls in and read a fairy tale to them while Raggedy Ann steamed and dried.

When Raggedy Ann was thoroughly dry, Mamma said

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 NOTES ON NAMES OF PLACES IN THE ISLAND OF SINGAPORE AND ITS VICINITY.

ERHAPS the following notes on some of the names of places in the island of Singapore and its immediate neighbourhood, may not be without interest to the readers of the Journal. In Singapore the population is continually changing and, as the old Malay inhabitants have for the most part died out or migrated, it is probable that, before very long, the names of places may become corrupted (as some already have been) almost beyond recognition. That this should be the case is not surprizing when we consider the various nationalities that have settled down in the island for purposes of trade and commerce, and how few and scattered are the remnants of the old Malay settlers and the remnants of the aboriginal "Orang Laut." It will doubtless seem to Malay scholars to be superfluous to notice the meanings of some of the names, but my object has been to write for the information of those who, although they are not thoroughly conversant with Malay, yet are disposed to take an intelligent interest in the subject.

I have confined myself in these notes to the names of places in the Settlement of Singapore, but I may perhaps instance two cases in which the names of places in Johor territory have become curiously corrupted. There is a place on the shores of the Old Straits near Lěnduyong called Janggut Ma' Dudok. This figures in the Government map of the island (1885) as "Jaman Dulu" and in the charts as "Jaman Dudu." Again, there is the point known to Malays as


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 she thought the cake must be finished and she took from the oven a lovely chocolate cake and gave Marcella a large piece to have another tea party with.

That night when all the house was asleep, Raggedy Ann raised up in bed and said to the dolls who were still awake, “I am so happy I do not feel a bit sleepy. Do you know, I believe the water soaked me so thoroughly my candy heart must have melted and filled my whole body, and I do not feel the least bit angry with Fido for playing with me so roughly!”

So all the other dolls were happy, too, for happiness is very easy to catch when we love one another and are sweet all through.

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RAGGEDY ANN AND THE STRANGE DOLLS

Raggedy Ann lay just as Marcella had dropped her—all sprawled out with her rag arms and legs twisted in ungraceful attitudes.

Her yarn hair was twisted and lay partly over her face, hiding one of her shoe-button eyes.

Raggedy gave no sign that she had heard, but lay there smiling at the ceiling.

Perhaps Raggedy Ann knew that what the new dolls said was true.

But sometimes the truth may hurt and this may have been the reason Raggedy Ann lay there so still.

“Did you ever see such an ungainly creature!”

“T do believe it has shoe buttons for eyes!”

“And yarn hair!”

“Mercy, did you ever see such feet!”

The Dutch doll rolled off the doll sofa and said “Mamma” in his quavery voice, he was so surprised at hearing anyone speak so of beloved Raggedy Ann—dear Raggedy Ann, she of the candy heart, whom all the dolls loved.

Uncle Clem was also very much surprised and offended. He walked up in front of the two new dolls and looked them sternly in the eyes, but he could think of nothing to say so he pulled at his yarn mustache.

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 Marcella had only received the two new dolls that morning. They had come in the morning mail and were presents from an aunt.

Marcella had named the two new dolls Annabel-Lee and Thomas, after her aunt and uncle.

Annabel-Lee and Thomas were beautiful dolls and must have cost heaps and heaps of shiny pennies, for both were handsomely dressed and had real hair!

Annabel’s hair was of a lovely shade of auburn and Thomas’ was golden yellow.

Annabel was dressed in soft, lace-covered silk and upon her head she wore a beautiful hat with long silk ribbons tied in a neat bow-knot beneath her dimpled chin.

Thomas was dressed in an Oliver Twist suit of dark velvet with a lace collar. Both he and Annabel wore lovely black slippers and short stockings.

They were sitting upon two of the little red doll chairs where Marcella had placed them and where they could see the other dolls.

When Uncle Clem walked in front of them and pulled his mustache they laughed outright. “Tee-Hee-Hee!”’ they snickered, ““He has holes in his knees!”

Quite true. Uncle Clem was made of worsted and the moths had eaten his knees and part of his kiltie. He had a kiltie, you see, for Uncle Clem was a Scotch doll.

Uncle Clem shook, but he felt so hurt he could think of nothing to say.

He walked over and sat down beside Raggedy Ann and brushed her yarn hair away from her shoe-button eye.

The tin soldier went over and sat beside them.

“Don’t you mind what they say, Raggedy!” he said, “They do not know you as we do!”

“We don’t care to know her!” said Annabel-Lee as she primped her dress, “She looks like a scarecrow!”

“And the Soldier must have been made with a can opener!” laughed Thomas.

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“You should be ashamed of yourselves!” said the French dollie, as she stood before Annabel and Thomas, “You will make all of us sorry that you have joined our family if you continue to poke fun at us and look down upon us. We are all happy here together and share in each others’ adventures and happiness.”

Now, that night Marcella did not undress the two new dolls, for she had no nighties for them, so she let them sit up in the two little red doll chairs so they would not muss their clothes. “I will make nighties for you tomorrow!” she said as she kissed them good night. Then she went over and gave Raggedy Ann a good night hug. “Take good care of all my children, Raggedy!” she said as she went out.

Annabel and Thomas whispered together, “Perhaps we have been too hasty in our judgment!” said Annabel-Lee. “This Raggedy Ann seems to be a favorite with the mistress and with all the dolls!”

“There must be a reason!” replied Thomas, “I am beginning to feel sorry that we spoke of her looks. One really cannot help one’s looks after all.”

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Thrummy Cap

 * "Thrummy cap, a tale", in Thrummy Cap, a Tale (1839), a chapbook printed in Brechin
 * "Thrummy Cap", in The Comical Stories of Thrummy Cap and the Ghaist (n.d.), a chapbook printed in Glasgow
 * "Thrummy Cap", in The Comical Stories of Thrummy Cap and the Ghaist (n.d.), a chapbook printed in Glasgow (different content to the one above)
 * "Thrummy Cap", in The Murdered Minstrel (n.d.), a chapbook printed in Glasgow

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 Now, Annabel-Lee and Thomas were very tired after their long journey and soon they fell asleep and forgot all about the other dolls.

When they were sound asleep, Raggedy Ann slipped quietly from her bed and awakened the tin soldier and Uncle Clem and the three tiptoed to the two beautiful new dolls.

They lifted them gently so as not to awaken them and carried them to Raggedy Ann’s bed.

Raggedy Ann tucked them in snugly and lay down upon the hard floor.

The tin soldier and Uncle Clem both tried to coax Raggedy Ann into accepting their bed (they slept together), but Raggedy Ann would not hear of it.

“I am stuffed with nice soft cotton and the hard floor does not bother me at all!” said Raggedy.

At daybreak the next morning Annabel and Thomas

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 awakened to find themselves in Raggedy Ann’s bed and as they raised up and looked at each other each knew how ashamed the other felt, for they knew Raggedy Ann had generously given them her bed.

There Raggedy Ann Jay; all sprawled out upon the hard floor, her rag arms and legs twisted in ungraceful attitudes.

“How good and honest she looks!” said Annabel. “It must be her shoe-button eyes!”

“How nicely her yarn hair falls in loops over her face!” exclaimed Thomas, “I did not notice how pleasant her face looked last night!”

“The others seem to love her ever and ever so much!” mused Annabel. “It must be because she is so kind.”

Both new dolls were silent for a while, thinking deeply.

“How do you feel?” Thomas finally asked.

“Very much ashamed of myself!” answered Annabel, “And you, Thomas?”

“As soon as Raggedy Ann awakens, I shall tell her just how much ashamed I am of myself and if she can, I want her to forgive me!”’ Thomas said.

“The more I look at her, the better I like her!” said Annabel.

“I am going to kiss her!” said Thomas.

“You'll awaken her if you do!” said Annabel.

But Thomas climbed out of bed and kissed Raggedy Ann on her painted cheek and smoothed her yarn hair from her rag forehead.

And Annabel-Lee climbed out of bed, too, and kissed Raggedy Ann.

Then Thomas and Annabel-Lee gently carried Raggedy Ann and put her in her own bed and tenderly tucked her in, and then took their seats in the two little red chairs.

After a while Annabel said softly to Thomas, “I feel ever and ever so much better and happier!”

“So do I!” Thomas replied. “It’s like a whole lot of

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 sunshine coming into a dark room, and I shall always try to keep it there!”

Fido had one fuzzy white ear sticking up over the edge of his basket and he gave his tail a few thumps against his pillow.

Raggedy Ann lay quietly in bed where Thomas and Annabel had tucked her. And as she smiled at the ceiling, her candy heart (with “I LOVE YOU” written on it) thrilled with contentment, for, as you have probably guessed, Raggedy Ann had not been asleep at all!

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RAGGEDY ANN AND THE KITTENS

Raggedy Ann had been away all day.

Marcella had come early in the morning and dressed all the dolls and placed them about the nursery.

Some of the dolls had been put in the little red chairs around the little doll table. There was nothing to eat upon the table except a turkey, a fried egg and an apple, all made of plaster of Parisparis [sic] and painted in natural colors. The little tea-pot and other doll d‘shes were empty, but Marcella had told them to enjoy their dinner while she was away.

The French dollie had been given a seat upon the doll sofa and Uncle Clem had been placed at the piano.

Marcella picked up Raggedy Ann and carried her out of the nursery when she left, telling the dolls to “be real good children, while Mamma is away!”

When the door closed, the tin soldier winked at the Dutch-boy doll and handed the imitation turkey to the penny dolls. “Have some nice turkey?” he asked.

“No thank you!” the penny dol!s said in little penny-doll, squeaky voices, “ We have had all we can eat!”’

“Shall I play you a tune?” asked Uncle Clem of the French doll.

At this all the dolls laughed, for Uncle Clem could not begin to play any tune. Raggedy Ann was the only doll

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 who had ever taken lessons, and she could play Peter-Peter-Pumpkin-Eater with one hand.

In fact, Marcella had almost worn out Raggedy Ann’s right hand teaching it to her.

“Play something lively!” said the French doll, as she giggled behind her hand, so Uncle Clem began hammering the eight keys on the toy piano with all his might until a noise was heard upon the stairs.

Quick as a wink, all the dolls took the same positions in which they had been placed by Marcella, for they did not wish really truly people to know that they could move about.

But it was only Fido. He put his nose in the door and looked around.

All the dolls at the table looked steadily at the painted food, and Uncle Clem leaned upon the piano keys looking just as unconcerned as when he had been placed there.

Then Fido pushed the door open and came into the nursery wagging his tail.

He walked over to the table and sniffed, in hopes Marcella had given the dolls real food and that some would still be left.

“Where's Raggedy Ann?” Fido asked, when he had satisfied himself that there was no food.

“Mistress took Raggedy Ann and went somewhere!” all the dolls answered in chorus.

“I’ve found something I must tell Raggedy Ann about!” said Fido, as he scratched his ear.

“Is it a secret?’ asked the penny dolls.

“Secret nothing,” replied Fido, “It’s kittens!”

“How lovely!” cried all the dolls, “Really live kittens?”

“Really live kittens!” replied Fido, “Three little tiny ones, out in the barn!”

“Oh, I wish Raggedy Ann was here!” cried the French doll. “She would know what to do about it!”

“That’s why I wanted to see her,” said Fido, as he thumped his tail on the floor, “I did not know there were any

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kittens and I went into the barn to hunt for mice and the first thing I knew Mamma Cat came bouncing right at me with her eyes looking green! I tell you I hurried out of there!”

“How did you know there were any kittens then?” asked Uncle Clem.

“I waited around the barn until Mamma Cat went up to the house and then I slipped into the barn again, for I knew there must be something inside or she would not have jumped at me that way! We are always very friendly, you know.” Fido continued. “And what was my surprise to find three tiny little kittens in an old basket, way back in a dark corner!”

“Go get them, Fido, and bring them up so we can see them!” said the tin soldier.

“Not me!” said Fido, “If I had a suit of tin clothes on like you have I might do it, but you know cats can scratch very hard if they want to!”

“We will tell Raggedy when she comes in!” said the French doll, and then Fido went out to play with a neighbor dog.

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 So when Raggedy Ann had been returned to the nursery the dolls could hardly wait until Marcella had put on their nighties and left them for the night.

Then they told Raggedy Ann all about the kittens.

Raggedy Ann jumped from her bed and ran over to Fido’s basket; he wasn’t there.

Then Raggedy suggested that all the dolls go out to the barn and see the kittens. This they did easily, for the window was open and it was but a short jump to the ground.

They found Fido out near the barn watching a hole.

“I was afraid something might disturb them,” he said, “for Mamma Cat went away about an hour ago.”

All the dolls, with Raggedy Ann in the lead, crawled through the hole and ran to the basket.

Just as Raggedy Ann started to pick up one of the kittens

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 there was a lot of howling and yelping and Fido came bounding through the hole with Mamma Cat behind him. When Mamma Cat caught up with Fido he would yelp.

When Fido and Mamma Cat had circled the barn two or three times Fido managed to find the hole and escape to the yard; then Mamma Cat came over to the basket and saw all the dolls.

“I’m s’prised at you, Mamma Cat!” said Raggedy Ann, “Fido has been watching your kittens for an hour while you were away. He wouldn’t hurt them for anything!”

“I’m sorry, then,” said Mamma Cat.

“You must trust Fido, Mamma Cat!” said Raggedy Ann, “because he loves you and anyone who loves you can be trusted!”

“That’s so!” replied Mamma Cat. “Cats love mice, too, and I wish the mice trusted us more!”

The dolls all laughed at this joke.

“Have you told the folks up at the house about your dear little kittens?” Raggedy Ann asked.

“Oh, my, no!” exclaimed Mamma Cat. “At the last place I lived the people found out about my kittens and do you know, all the kittens disappeared! I intend keeping this a secret!”

“But all the folks at this house are very kindly people and would dearly love your kittens!” cried all the dolls.

“Let’s take them right up to the nursery!” said Raggedy Ann, “And Mistress can find them there in the morning!”

“How lovely!” said all the dolls in chorus. “Do, Mamma Cat! Raggedy Ann knows, for she is stuffed with nice clean white cotton and is very wise!”

So after a great deal of persuasion, Mamma Cat finally consented. Raggedy Ann took two of the kittens and carried them to the house while Mamma Cat carried the other.

Raggedy Ann wanted to give the kittens her bed, but Fido, who was anxious to prove his affection, insisted that Mamma Cat and the kittens should have his nice soft basket.

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 The dolls could hardly sleep that night; they were so anxious to see what Mistress would say when she found the dear little kittens in the morning.

Raggedy Ann did not sleep a wink, for she shared her bed with Fido and he kept her awake whispering to her.

In the morning when Marcella came to the nursery, the first thing she saw was the three little kittens.

She cried out in delight and carried them all down to show to Mamma and Daddy. Mamma Cat went trailing along, arching her back and purring with pride as she rubbed against all the chairs and doors.

Mamma and Daddy said the kittens could stay in the nursery and belong to Marcella, so Marcella took them back to Fido’s basket while she hunted names for them out of a fairy tale book.

Marcella finally decided upon three names; Prince Charming for the white kitty, Cinderella for the Maltese and Princess Golden for the kitty with the yellow stripes.

So that is how the three little kittens came to live in the nursery.

And it all turned out just as Raggedy Ann had said, for her head was stuffed with clean white cotton, and she could think exceedingly wise thoughts.

And Mamma Cat found out that Fido was a very good friend, too. She grew to trust him so much she would even let him help wash the kittens’ faces.

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RAGGEDY ANN AND THE FAIRIES’ GIFT

All the dolls were tucked snugly in their little doll-beds for the night and the large house was very still.

Every once in a while Fido would raise one ear and partly open one eye, for his keen dog sense seemed to tell him that something was about to happen.

Finally he opened both eyes, sniffed into the air and, getting out of his basket and shaking himself, he trotted across the nursery to Raggedy Ann’s bed.

Fido put his cold nose in Raggedy Ann’s neck. She raised her head from the little pillow.

“Oh! It’s you, Fido!” said Raggedy Ann. “I dreamed the tin soldier put an icicle down my neck!”

“I can’t sleep,” Fido told Raggedy Ann. “I feel that something is about to happen!”

“You have been eating too many bones lately, Fido, and they keep you awake,” Raggedy replied.

“No, it isn’t that. I haven’t had any bones since the folks had chicken last Sunday. It isn’t that. Listen, Raggedy!”

Raggedy Ann listened.

There was a murmur as if someone were singing, far away.

“What is it?” asked Fido.

“Sh!” cautioned Raggedy Ann, “It’s music.”

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 It was indeed music, the most beautiful music Raggedy Ann had ever heard

It grew louder, but still seemed to be far away.

Raggedy Ann and Fido could hear it distinctly and it sounded as if hundreds of voices were singing in unison.

“Please don’t howl, Fido,” Raggedy Ann said as she put her two rag arms around the dog’s nose. Fido usually “sang” when he heard music.

But Fido did not sing this time; he was filled with wonder. It seemed as if something very nice was going to happen.

Raggedy Ann sat upright in bed. The room was flooded with a strange, beautiful light and the music came floating in through the nursery window.

Raggedy Ann hopped from her bed and ran across the floor, trailing the bed clothes behind her. Fido followed close behind and together they looked out the window across the flower garden.

There among the flowers were hundreds of tiny beings, some playing on tiny reed instruments and flower horns, while others sang. This was the strange, wonderful music Raggedy and Fido had heard.

“It’s the Fairies!” said Raggedy Ann. “To your basket quick, Fido! They are coming this way!” And Raggedy Ann ran back to her bed, with the bed clothes trailing behind her.

Fido gave three jumps and he was in his basket, pretending he was sound asleep, but one little black eye was peeping through a chink in the side.

Raggedy jumped into her bed and pulled the covers to her chin, but lay so that her shoe-button eyes could see towards the window.

Little Fairy forms radiant as silver came flitting into the nursery, singing in far away voices. They carried a little bundle. A beautiful light came from this bundle, and to Raggedy Ann and Fido it seemed like sunshine and

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mixed. It was a soft mellow light, just the sort of light you would expect to accompany Fairy Folk.

As Raggedy watched, her candy heart went pitty-pat against her cotton stuffing, for she saw a tiny pink foot sticking out of the bundle of light.

The Fairy troop sailed across the nursery and through the door with their bundle and Raggedy Ann and Fido listened to their far away music as they went down the hall.

Presently the Fairies returned without the bundle and disappeared through the nursery window.

Raggedy Ann and Fido again ran to the window and saw the Fairy troop dancing among the flowers.

The light from the bundle still hung about the nursery and a strange lovely perfume floated about.

When the Fairies’ music ceased and they had flown away, Raggedy Ann and Fido returned to Raggedy’s bed to think it all out.

When old Mister Sun peeped over the garden wall and into the nursery, and the other dolls awakened, Raggedy Ann and Fido were still puzzled.

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 “What is it, Raggedy Ann?” asked the tin soldier and Uncle Clem, in one voice.

Before Raggedy Ann could answer, Marcella came running into the nursery, gathered up all the dolls in her arms, and ran down the hall, Fido jumping beside her and barking shrilly.

“Be quiet!” Marcella said to Fido, “It’s asleep and you might awaken it!”

Mamma helped Marcella arrange all the dolls in a circle around the bed so that they could all see what was in the bundle.

Mamma gently pulled back the soft covering and the dolls saw a tiny little fist as pink as coral, a soft little face with a cunning tiny pink nose, and a little head as bald as the French dolly’s when her hair came off.

My, how the dollies all chattered when they were once again left alone in the nursery!

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 “A dear cuddly baby brother for Mistress!” said Uncle Clem.

“A beautiful bundle of love and Fairy Sunshine for everybody in the house!” said Raggedy Ann, as she went to the toy piano and joyously played “Peter-Peter-Pumpkin-Eater” with one rag hand.

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RAGGEDY ANN AND THE CHICKENS

When Marcella was called into the house she left Raggedy sitting on the chicken yard fence. ‘‘Now you sit quietly and do not stir,’’ Marcella told Raggedy Ann, ‘“‘If you move you may fall and hurt yourself!’’

So, Raggedy Ann sat quietly, just as Marcella told her, but she smiled at the chickens for she had fallen time and again and it had never hurt her in the least. She was stuffed with nice soft cotton, you see.

So, there she sat until a tiny little humming-bird, in search of flower honey hummed close to Raggedy Ann’s head and hovered near the tall Hollyhocks.

Raggedy Ann turned her rag head to see the humming-bird and lost her balance—plump! she went, down amongst the chickens.

The chickens scattered in all directions, all except Old Ironsides, the rooster.

He ruffled his neck feathers and put his head down close to the ground, making a queer whistling noise as he looked fiercely at Raggedy Ann.

But Raggedy Ann only smiled at Old Ironsides, the rooster, and ran her rag hand through her yarn hair for she did not fear him.

And then something strange happened, for when she made

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text: Author:Charles Edward Kettle

title: Author:Charles Edward Kettle


text: Author:Berthold Tours

title: Author:Berthold Tours


text:
Index:A simplified grammar of the Polish language.djvu/styles.css

.__alphabet{ margin-left:1.6em } .__alphabet td{ vertical-align:top; } .__alphabet td:nth-child(1) { padding-left:2em; } .__alphabet td:nth-child(2) { text-align:center; }

.wst-rh { font-variant:all-small-caps; }


text: Author:John Henry Gower

title: Author:John Henry Gower


text: Author:Philip Armes

title: Author:Philip Armes


text: Author:Oswald Mosley Feilden

title: Author:Oswald Mosley Feilden


text: Author:Charles Legh Naylor

title: Author:Charles Legh Naylor


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Page:Memoirs of Vidocq, Volume 3.djvu/37

 They are culpable, and should be brought to justice and convicted, that is to say, if taken with booty in hand. Well, when individuals of this kind have been pointed out to me, whether because their connections and habits rendered them suspected, or because they led a free life without any ostensible means of existence, to cut short their exploits I held out a snare for them; and, I confess it without shame, I did not make the least hesitation in doing so. Robbers are persons whose nature is to appropriate to themselves the property of another, just as the wolves are voracious animals whose nature is to attack the herds. We can scarcely confound the wolves with the lambs; but if it were possible that the one was concealed in the skin of the other, would a shepherd, when he saw the mark of their teeth, be to blame, if, to prevent future attempts, he tempted the voracity of all those whom he thought capable of biting? We may be certain that the one that bites is the one who has always been inclined to bite. If Corvet and his wife have robbed, it is that already, by fact or intent, they were robbers. On the other hand, I had never provoked them; I had only simply adhered to their proposition. It may be objected towards me, that by threatening them I could prevent them from committing the robbery which they had premeditated; but to threaten them was not to correct them: to-day they might have abstained, to-morrow they would have carried off a new booty: and certainly to have done so, they would not have called for my aid. What would have been the result? That the moral responsibility of the crime committed would have fallen on me with all its onus. And then if Corvet had any intention of implicating me in an affair of the kind, with any kind of promise from the préfet of police, after the event, did not my own personal safety prescribe the necessity of precaution, so as to undermine any trap which might be laid to ensnare me, and thus defeat those who invented and those who were the agents of it. This was the result I arrived at by denouncing Corvet to the


text: Author:James Edmund Jones

title: Author:James Edmund Jones


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 and three persons,’ for the first used the word ‘hypostasis’ instead of πρόσωπος, persona, while the latter used it instead of οὐσία, substantia, essence.” (pp. 160 and 161.)

Farther on it says that if at first the words οὐσία, and υπόστασις were used differently, or rather, indifferently, in the sixth, seventh, and the following centuries the concept appears as generally accepted, that is hypostasis was used in reference to three, οὐσία to one. Thus, if I had the slightest hope of getting an explanation of what is to be understood by the word “person,” of that on the basis of which 1=3, I, after reading this exposition about the use of the words by the fathers, came to understand that such a definition (which is inevitably necessary for the comprehension of the Trinity) does not exist and cannot be; the fathers used words without ascribing any meaning to them, and so used them indiscriminately, now in one, and now in a contrary sense, and finally agreed not on the ideas, but on the words. The same is confirmed by what follows:

“But while the Orthodox teachers of the faith differed only in words, invariably professing one God in the Trinity and the Trinity in One, the heretics perverted—” (p. 162.)

That is, now without any farther explanation, One is equal to the Trinity, and the Trinity is equal to One. But the holy fathers professed:

“The heretics perverted the very idea of the dogma, some of them denying the trinity of persons in God, while others admitted three Gods.”

Again some say black, and others say white. Both are wrong, but we say, “Black is white, and white is black.” Why is it so? Why, because the church said so, that is, the tradition of those men who believe in that tradition. Here is the idea of the heretics who denied the Trinity:

“(a) Even during the life of the apostles: Simon the


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 commissary of the quarter in which his operations were to be carried on, instead of denouncing him to the préfet. By following this plan, I was assured that if he had been set on they would disavow it, and justice would be done.

If I have insisted on the fact of provocation in this affair, it is because it was the general assertion and means of defence of the majority of those whom I was the cause of apprehending in the actual commission of robbery. We shall find, in the next chapter, that the idea of resorting to so pitiful an excuse was often suggested to them by my enemies. The recital of a plot of four agents of my brigade, Utinet, Chrestien, Decostard, and Coco-Lacour, will show how contemptible were the strongest imputations against me.

I will not here repeat what I have elsewhere said on the provocation of political measures. The discontent, legitimate or not, the superciliousness, the exasperation, nay, the fanaticism, do not constitute a state of perverseness; but they may produce a sort of momentary blindness, under the influence of which the most honourable man, the most virtuous citizen, will be easily misled. Captious reasonings, perfidious combinations, an intrigue to which he has no clue, may lead him to the abyss. Satan comes and carries him to the top of a mountain, whence he shows him the kingdoms of the world; he shows him the whole of a chimerical arsenal of armies, cannons, soldiers, and people ready to rise against oppression. He seduces him by impossibilities, and for impossibilities salutes him by the title of liberator; and the wretch, whose imagination gives birth to speculative ideas, thinks that he has at last found a point of strength and a lever to shake the world. Impelled by the most execrable of demons, he dares to utter his dreams: hell has its witnesses, its judges, and the delirium terminates at the scaffold's foot: such is, in a few words, the history of the patriots of 1816, excited by the infamous Schilkin. But let us return to the "brigade de sûreté."


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 Tanjong Penyusok, and to us from our school geographies as Point Roumania. In 's Eastern Geography it is called "Romania," in the map of the Malay Peninsula (1887) "Tanjong Raměnia," and in the charts and Sailing Directions it is written indifferently as "Ramunia" and "Rumania." There are dangerous shoals to the seaward of the point called by the same name, but the spelling varies in every instance. The fact of the matter is the name of Roumania, or whatever it is, is based on a misconception. There is an island called Pulau Ruměnía about two miles West of Tanjong Penyusok and opposite to it on the mainland is a large kampong called Kampong Ruměnía. The name applied to the point—Ramunia, Roumania or Rumania—is evidently a corruption of Ruměnía, and the name has been applied to a place to which it never belonged. Ruměnía is the well known fruit-bearing tree Bonea microphylla.

 * Ayer Gěmúruh="babbling waters." Gěmúruh is from "gúroh."
 * Ayer Samak. "Sámak" (or samar) is a kind of tree, the bark of which is used in dyeing and tanning.
 * Bajau="a pirate." (From Battak "Bajo" an attack?)
 * Batu Koyok. A patch of rocks near Pulau Těkong. "Koyok" or "kuyu" is" a pariah dog."
 * Bědok or Sa-bědok="the drum of a mosque."
 * Berhála Képing. A curiously shaped rock at the entrance to Sělat Singki. "Berhála" (pronounced Berála) is "an idol," and I am informed that "Képing" is the Orang Laut pronunciation of "Keping," the numeral affix. This appendix of Képing, however, is not very satisfactory, and it has been suggested to me by Mr. that it is probably "Képing," to guard, hence the name, the idol being supposed to watch the entrance to the strait.
 * Běting Kúsah="the dangerous sand-bank." "Kusah" is a variant of "Susah."


text:
Author:William Harnett Blanch

Works

 * Dulwich College and Edward Alleyn

title: Author:William Harnett Blanch


text: Memoirs of Vidocq, Volume III/Chapter 32


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 * Blúkang=a kind of fish.
 * Buran Darat. The coral patch to the N.E. of Blakang Mati. "Buran" is a kind of sea-anemone of a light green colour and is eaten by the Chinese.
 * Bukit Gěmía. Mount Imbeah in Blakang Mati. "Gěmia" is the sago-palm, a variant of "Rembía."
 * Bukit Serápong. "Serápong" is possibly from "Ápong" "drift wood," but the formation is doubtful.
 * Gélang. This is probably the plant gélang pasir (Portulaca oleracea). There is another plant, gélang laut (Sesuvium postulacastrum).
 * Kalang, "a roller, skid" for launching vessels. The Běduanda Kálang, a tribe of the Orang Laut, took their name from the river.
 * Kálang Púding. "Púding" is probably the shrub with variegated leaves (Justicia picta).
 * Kampong Glam. The glam tree (Melaleuca leucadendron).
 * Kampong Kópit. The village in Blakang Mati sometimes. called Selat Singki. "Kopit"="narrow, contracted."
 * Kampong Pangkalan Páku. "Pangkálan" (from "Pangkal") "landing place;" "Paku"=a generic name for fern.
 * Kampong Permatang. "Permálang" is "rising ground," "a long ridge" derived from "Batang."
 * Kampong Rĕnggam. (1) "Rĕnggam" or "Ranggam" a thorny plant growing on low land. Its fruit can be eaten, and ataps are sometimes made out of its leaves. The plant is like the Kělúbi. (2)"Rĕnggam"=an instrument for cutting padi.
 * Kandang Kĕrbau="buffalo pen." Sometimes wrongly written "Kampong Kĕrbau."
 * Kranji. A tree (Dialium indicum).
 * Lĕbong Acheh. This is a hollow or cutting ("lĕbong") in the sandy beach near Changi Point as if a large boat had been hauled up there. The story is that one of the Achinese ships that attacked Johor was beached there for repairs. Compare Mr. 's note on "Prigi Acheh," p. 168 of Journal No. II.


text: Author:Thomas Joseph Linekar

title: Author:Thomas Joseph Linekar


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 * Loyang. "Brass" according to. Perhaps the place is so called from the colour of the water.
 * Pasir Pělékat, i.e., Pasir Orang Pělékat. "Pělékat"=Pulicat, the place in India.
 * Pasir Ris. Perhaps this is a contraction for Pasir Iris ("iris"="to shred"). I have heard the word pronounced as Pasíris by an old resident.
 * Pinang Rawang. "Rawang" is a "swamp" or "quaking bog."
 * Pulan Ayer Chawan. Pulau Ayer Limau. Pulau Ayer Mĕrbau. These three islands are close together. "Chawan" is "a cup" or "basin;" "Merbau" is a tree (Afzelia palembanica).
 * Pulau Blakang Mati="dead-back island," so called from the sterility of the soil on the hills.
 * Pulau Brani. Properly="Pulau Ayer Brani," as it is still written on the charts. The island is so called from a well at the top of the hill, the water of which was supposed to have potent qualities. There used to be a "Kolam," or tank, formed out of the natural rock on the Tanjong Pagar side of the island which received the overflow from the well and in which people used to bathe. The remains of this tank can still be seen.
 * Pulau Bukum. "Bukum" is said to be the same as "Hukum," and there is a tradition that the Raja used to try cases in the island, hence the name, probably through the intermediate form "berhukum."
 * Pulau Damar Laut. "Damar Laut" is the tree "Valica russak." "Damar Laut," however, is the name also given to another tree (Canarium).
 * Pulau Jong. "Junk Island," a small island of a conical shape to the North of Pulau Sěking and Pulau Sěbárok. The story is that Malay pirates one night attacked a Chinese junk, which was anchored where the island now is, and just as the Malays got alongside, the Nakhodah of the junk awoke. On seeing the pirates, through terror, he uttered such a frightful yell that the sea-spirit turned the junk into an island much to the consterna-


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 tion of the Malays.
 * Pulau Khatib Bongsu. "Khatib"="a preacher," "Bongsu"="youngest-born," hence the island of a person of that name. This name has been fearfully corrupted in charts and maps, figuring as "Kitch Bungsee," "Kita Bangsa," &c.
 * Pulau Měrambong. "Rambong" is the kind of basket used by Bugis in Singapore for carrying pine-apple in, but Mr. suggests that the name is probably derived from the plant called "ambong-ambong," a seaside shrub with a white flower.
 * Pulau Misĕmút. Derived from "Sěmút" (ants).
 * Pulau Miskól. "Miskól" is the larger kind of water-vessel made from the coco-nut shell, and has a narrow orifice. The "Gayong" is shallower and is the half shell. Compare Těrumbu Gayong, a shoal not far from the island. The ordinary form of the word is "Sěkol" and the "Mi" in this and the other word (Misemut) would seem to be an affix peculiar to the bhasa Orang Laut.
 * Pulau Pések. "Pések" is a Bugis word meaning coins with holes in the middle. Compare "Pitis" and "Pichis."
 * Pulau Rĕnget. "Rĕnget" is the sand-fly (agas-agas), and signifies "mosquito" in some aboriginal dialects. It is also the name of a fresh water shell.
 * Pulau Să-Kíjang Bandéra, Să-Kíjang Pĕlĕpah=St. John's Island West and St. John's Island East, respectively. St. John's, as pointed out by Mr., is a corruption of "Sa-Kíjang." Să-Kíjang Bandéra is so called because there used to be a flagstaff there before it was moved to Mount Faber. In the map of the island (1885) Bandéra" is corrupted with "Berak"! "Pělěpah" are the fronds of a palm. These islands are supposed to be two roe-deer at which the "spear-reef" (Těrúmbu Sělígi) off Blakang Mati is being aimed.
 * Să-ranggong. Ranggong" is a kind of bird about the size of the adjutant and its description is as follows : —Black on back and white on breast, neck long, bill


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 long and sharp, crest grey. The feet are not webbed.
 * Pulau Sĕbúrus. "Sĕbúrus" is a sort of fruit-bearing tree that grows in mangrove swamp.
 * Pulau Sěmúlun. "Sěmúlun" is the name of a tribe of the "Orang Laut." The name is wrongly written as "Sěmbilan " on the Government Map (1885).
 * Pulau Súber. "Suber" is a kind of tree out of the bark of which cord is made.
 * Pulau Súdong. A beautiful little island surrounded by a coral reef. "Súdong" is said to be the same as "Tudong" (a cover), so called from the shape of the island with the reef round it.
 * Pulau Tĕkong. "Tĕkong"="an obstacle" so called because the island blocks the mouth of the Johor River.
 * Pulau Ubin. "Ubin" according to is Javanese, and means "squared stone." The island is so called from the granite quarries.
 * Sarang Rimau="The tiger's den." This is the western end of Blakang Mati, apparently the place where Fort Siloso now is. "Salúsuh" is a kind of herb used as a remedy in childbirth, but I have no idea how the fort came to be so called, as the Orang Laut of Kampong Kopit only know the place by the name of Sarang Rimau.
 * Sělat Singki. The narrow strait between Pulau Brani and Blakang Mati. The charts wrongly give the name to the Sĕlat Pandan. "Singki" probably="Sĕngkil" or "Singkir"=sharp-edged. At Penang the word means "set on edge" (of the teeth), hence perhaps it is metaphorically applied to the difficulties of the passage. "Sĕngkil" is also the name of a plant.
 * Sělat Těbrau. "Těbrau" is a kind of large fish. The word also signifies a large kind of grass like prairie-grass.
 * Sungei Běrih. Běrih" is the variety of the red fish with the black head.
 * Sungei Běrónok. "A kind of sea-worm".
 * Sungei Jĕlútong. "Jělútong" is a gutta-bearing tree (Dyera costulata).


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 * Sungei Pĕrópok. "Pĕrópok"="brambles," "thorns."
 * Sungei Ponggol. "Ponggol"="a stump of a tree" especially a high stump." Compare "Púnggor." It has been suggested to me that the word is Tamil (Ponkal, "the feast of the boiling rice," celebrated when the sun enters the sign of Capricorn), but the word is clearly Malay and not Tamil.
 * Sungei Sa-rímbun. "Rimbun" is "luxuriant," "in great quantity, ", "thick."
 * Sungei Sělétar. A tribe of the Orang Laut (Orang Sělétar), who formerly lived there, took its name from the river. See Journal Indian Archipelago, Vol. I, p. 302.
 * Sungei Tampínes. "Tampínes" is the well-known timber tree (Sloetia sideroxylon).
 * Sungei Téban. "Téban"="to bet," "to stake an equal amount."
 * Sungei Tĕmbuan. "Tĕmbuan" or "Tĕbuan"="a hornet."
 * Sungei Tĕngek. "Tĕngek"="the rank smell of things cooked in oil and kept a long time."
 * Sungei Tuas. "Tuas"="to chop in two pieces," also to raise by leverage," "to support."
 * Tanjong Awar or Aur. "Awar" (Aur) is the large kind of bamboo (Dendrocalamus). This is the point known as St. James' in the New Harbour.
 * Tanjong Malang, or "Malay Spit." "Malang" in navigation means "a black rock," and the name is given to the patch of rocks running out to seaward from Fort Palmer. This is the place where Sir hung in chains the body of Syed, the man who stabbed Colonel , the story of which is told by  in his "Hikaiat."
 * Tanjong Mĕngkúang. "Mengkúang" is the well-known thorny plant out of which kajangs and mats are made.
 * Tanjong Mĕrawang. "Měrawang" means "ragged," "full of holes" and the point is so called from its appearance. The word is derived from "Rawang," "a bog." This point is wrongly marked both in the charts and the Government Map (1885). In the charts Tanjong


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 Mĕrawang is called Tanjong Kampong, evidently from a confusion with Tanjong Karang the next point. The point marked as Tanjong Měrawang in the charts is really Tanjong Tuas.
 * Tanjong Pagar. I presume this name was given on account of the Wharf. The old name of the place is Sělintar.
 * Tanjong Ru. "Ru" is the Casuarina littoria.
 * Tanjong Sĕlinsing. "Sĕlinsing" is a kind of fish about six inches long. It is also a jungle variety of the Pandanus.
 * Tanjong Teregeh. "Teregeh" I imagine to be a corruption of the native name of the place Tĕríta. "Těríta" is the small kind of cuttle fish. "Teregeh" is neither English nor Malay, as far as I know.
 * Tělok Baru. "Baru" is a species of Hibiscus, and the word is, I think, correctly written "baru" and not "bharu" (new).
 * Tělok Saga. "Saga" a kind of bean, Abrus peccatorius or Adenanthus pavonina.

 * Ang Mo Kio, lit., "The red-haired (i.e., European) bridge."
 * Toa Payoh. "Toa" is "big" and "Payoh" is the Chinese form of "Paya" the Malay word meaning a "swamp."
 * Chan Chu Kang, &c. Chan Chu Kang, Choa Chu Kang, &c., apparently mean the river (Kang) of the Chan Chu, the Choa Chu tribe, &c.

H. T. HAUGHTON.


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 where three different persons occupied each bed in the twenty four hours of each day, sleeping in eight hour shifts."

Senator Kenyon, Chairman of the Committee, speaking of Braddock, said:

"This is the worst place I have ever seen and I have watched housing conditions of many immigrants."

Finally, let us turn to the conditions in Gary itself to bring our horrible picture up to date. Said Elizabeth Hughes of the Children's Bureau of the U. S. Department of Labor in Bulletin No. 112, published in 1923 as a "Field Study in Gary, Indiana":

"A number of long, one story frame buildings, cheaply constructed and designed to bring in a maximum in rental, which were built on the South Side, perhaps epitomize the worst ills of uncontrolled housing. They were planned for lodging houses, and divided into two rooms, or more ready three room apartments. These small apartments were occupied by families, however, with consequent overcrowding. When two such long buildings occupy adjoining 'shoe-string' lots with only a narrow passage between, used common by the tenants in both buildings, the congestion is great and but little relief is afforded by the small yards at the end of each lot. Two adjoining houses of this type supplied but a single water faucet and four privies for the use of twelve families. In another instance a single flush toilet was provided to accomodate nine families. Inadequate at all times, during cold weather it was rendered useless, due to its location at the end of the last apartment where it was not protected against freezing."

What these working and living conditions of the steel workers spell for the mothers is thus portrayed by investigator Elizabeth Hughes in a study of the conditions in Gary for the Children's Bureau:

"All conditions of family and individual life are likely to be less favorable when the income is low; housing inferior, ignorance of sanitation and hygiene greater, and power to satisfy physical wants reduced."

Miss Hughes did not sugar-coat her findings. She showed that:

1. "Mothers employed during pregnacy—29.4 percent of the total births."

2. "The mothers of 279 infants (68 percent of the total whose mothers were gainfully employed) did not cease work even within two weeks of confinement, and the mothers of 256 infants confined followed gainful work up to the very day or hour of confinement."

3. "Seven-tenths of the mothers had no prenatal care whatever."

4. "A minimum of ten days rest in bed after a normal delivery is commonly recommended by obstetricians and resumption of house-


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HE CARGO was crated for delivery at Los Angeles, where the workers didn't consider it anything special. In the company where they worked, this particular cargo was of the type called a Standing Repeater. That is, a new order was shipped out every six months, regular as clockwork. First the order department mailed off a suggested list of specifications to the General 8


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 hold duties is discouraged under a fortnight. Seven hundred and forty-six mothers (54 percent) remained in bed less than ten days after delivery."

5. "More than three-fifths (65 per cent) of the mothers in families in which the chief breadwinners earned less than $1,050 a year observed less than the 10 day period in bed after delivery and about one-half (51 per cent) had household help less than two weeks. When the income was $1,850 or over, 36 per cent got up before the tenth day and only about one mother in six (16 per cent) had household help less than a fortnight."

6. "The proportion of families in which the chief breadwinner's earnings were not supplemented varied according to the amount of the breadwinner's contribution. When his earnings were below $1,050, 56 per cent of the babies were found in families which had no supplementary earnings; in the next higher income group, 67 per cent; in the highest 72 per cent. In short, the more adequate the chief breadwinner's earnings, the smaller the tendency, the less need to add to them by the earnings of other members of the family. Mothers were less likely to be gainfully employed if the chief breadwinner's earnings were high, though even in the highest group 29 per cent of the mothers were employed. In the lowest income group the percentage was 41."

The Twelve-Hour Hell Shift System denies the steel worker even the slimmest opportunity for family and social life. The Twelve-Hour Day and its destructive twin brother, low wages, are responsible for the wretched housing conditions, intolerable living conditions of the mothers and an appalling infant mortality.

Applying the rules of arithmetic to the everyday life of the steel workers, the Twelve-Hour Day annually adds hundreds of millions of dollars to the capitalists, subtracts years of life from the children and wives of the workingmen, divides the laborer’s time until it is reduced to an insignificant fraction of a day for social and family life, and multiplies the workers' woes and troubles by the score.

With blaring bands the Barons of the Satrapy of Steel have advertised the so-called "labor shortage" far and wide to thwart the growing opposition to the 12-Hour Hell Shift System.

Said the May 25, 1923, Report of Gary's American Iron and Steel Institute:


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 called, respectively, the Poietic, the Kinetic, the Dull, and the Base. The former two are supposed to constitute the living tissue of the State; the latter are the fulcra and resistances, the bone and cover of its body. They are not hereditary classes, nor is there any attempt to develop any class by special breeding, simply because the intricate interplay of heredity is untraceable and incalculable. They are classes to which people drift of their own accord. Education is uniform until differentiation becomes unmistakable, and each man (and woman) must establish his position with regard to the lines of this abstract classification by his own quality, choice, and development

The Poietic or creative class of mental individuality embraces a wide range of types, but they agree in possessing imaginations that range beyond the known and accepted, and that involve the desire to bring the discoveries made in such excursions, into knowledge and recognition. The scope and direction of the imaginative excursion may vary very greatly. It may be the invention of something new or the discovery of something hitherto unperceived. When the invention or discovery is primarily beauty then we have the artistic type of Poietic mind; when it is not so, we have the true scientific man. The range of discovery may be narrowed as it is in the art of Whistler or the science of a cytologist, or it may embrace a wide extent of relevance until at last both artist or scientific inquirer merge in the universal reference of the true philosopher. To the accumulated activities of the Poietic type reacted upon by circumstances, are due


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 "But it would be impossible, under existing conditions, to obtain a sufficient number of men to operate the plants on a three-shift basis up to a capacity which would supply the present necessities of the purchasing public. There are not now, under a two-shift practice at the furnaces, enough men to meet the demand for iron and steel."

Here we have the fradulent game of the Steel Trust in a nutshell. When there is depression, there is a shortage of money, and the poor Steel magnates can’t afford to pay for the 8-Hour Day. When there is prosperity, big profits, then there is a shortage of labor, and the 8-Hour Day is again impossible.

The existence of a great number of unemployed, constituting an industrial reserve army, is an inherent feature of the capitalist system of production and exchange.

Even in the best times, in the heydays of prosperity, there are hundreds of thousands of men able and anxious to work but unable to do so, because the owners of the mills and mines and factories will not give them a chance to. Today, with the Great Depression of 1921 over, the army of the unemployed is far smaller than the six millions out of work eighteen months ago.

For instance, the last Annual Report of the Secretary of Labor, Davis, showed that in 240 cities of a combined population of 35,430,910 there were 2,301,588 unemployed wage earners. Mr. Davis admitted that his estimate of the number of unemployed was very incomplete and that the number out of work in the whole country, was much greater. Since then, at least 250,000 were added to the total number of employable workers through immigration.

Thus even the most sanguine capitalist optimist cannot reasonably contend that all of the millions of workers, still unemployed on June 30, 1922, have been absorbed in the recent industrial revival.

The huge standing industrial reserve army has not been reduced as much as the employing class would have us believe. An analysis of the figures presented by the Illinois Department of Labor in its Employment Bulletin of April, 1923, shows that on the average, for the period January–April, 1923, inclusive, there were 104.47 persons registered as applicants for every hundred jobs open in common labor. Furthermore, the New York State Industrial Commissioner in his Report, ending May, 1923, showed that factory employment is only 15 per cent higher than it was a year ago.

Besides, whatever "labor-shortage" there may have existed for a few months, is now steadily disappearing. The same New York Report, speaking of the extent of employment, points out that "decreases were reported in nearly two-thirds of the manufacturing industries of


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 almost all the forms assumed by human thought and feeling. All religious ideas, all ideas of what is good or beautiful, entered life through the poietic inspirations of man. Except for processes of decay, the forms of the human future must come also through men of this same type, and it is a primary essential to our modern idea of an abundant secular progress that these activities should be unhampered and stimulated.

The Kinetic class consists of types, various, of course, and merging insensibly along the boundary into the less representative constituents of the Poietic group, but distinguished by a more restricted range of imagination. Their imaginations do not range beyond the known, experienced, and accepted, though within these limits they may imagine as vividly or more vividly than members of the former group. They are often very clever and capable people, but they do not do, and they do not desire to do, new things. The more vigorous individuals of this class are the most teachable people in the world, and they are generally more moral and more trustworthy than the Poietic types. They live,—while the Poietics are always something of experimentalists with life. The characteristics of either of these two classes may be associated with a good or bad physique, with excessive or defective energy, with exceptional keenness of the senses in some determinate direction or suchlike "bent," and the Kinetic type, just as the Poietic type, may display an imagination of restricted or of the most universal range. But a fairly energetic Kinetic is probably the nearest thing to that ideal our


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 Inigo Jones; whilst the universities and public schools are to be given up to games and idleness, and the birch is to be abolished.

Fragments of the prediction have not been entirely falsified, though the last couplet intimates a hope.

The Dunciad was thus a declaration of war against the whole tribe of scribblers; and, like other such declarations, it brought more consequences than Pope foresaw. It introduced Pope to a very dangerous line of conduct. Swift had written to Pope in 1725: "Take care that the bad poets do not outwit you, as they have served the good ones in every age, whom they have provoked to transmit their names to posterity;" and the Dunciad has been generally censured from Swift's point of view. Satire, it is said, is wasted upon such insignificant persons. To this Pope might have replied, with some plausibility, that the interest of satire must always depend upon its internal qualities, not upon our independent knowledge of its object. Though Gildon and Arnall are forgotten, the type "dunce" is eternal. The warfare, however, was demoralizing in another sense. Whatever may have been the injustice of Pope's attacks upon individuals, the moral standard of the Grub Street population was far from exalted. The poor scribbler had too many temptations to sell himself, and to evade the occasional severity of the laws of libel by humiliating contrivances. Moreover, the uncertainty of the law of copyright encouraged the lower class of booksellers to undertake all kinds of piratical enterprises, and to trade in various ways upon the fame of well-known authors, by attributing trash to them, or purloining and

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N the welter of advertisements by electronic-industry giants claiming near-miraculous properties for their "thinking" and data-processing machines, it is heartening to find a voice that urges caution and a conversative approach to the "computer age." Such a voice belongs to Prof. Richard Courant, Professor Emeritus of Mathematics, New York University.

In a recent interview, Prof. Courant made some strong statements about the use of computers in everyday life that we think deserve a few moments of your time and thought. With appreciation, therefore, to Challenge, for permission to reprint, we present excerpts from its tape-recorded interview with Dr. Courant:

How did the idea of

6


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 the State, most of the increases were very slight, or were due to seasonal influences."

Commenting on this Report the New York Times of June 15, 1923, said: "Unless the signs of the times are misleading, the industries of the country as a whole will not long be suffering from a labor-shortage." It is especially enlightening to note that, according to a report of June 2d on the steel industry in the Pittsburgh District, the only important existing shortage of help is manifested in the need of skilled hands, engaged in the cutting and threading departments of the pipe and wire lines. A New York Times Pittsburgh dispatch, discussing this condition, said on June 3, 1923: "In most cases there is ample supply of help."

For the sake of argument let us, for a moment, accept the statement of the American Iron and Steel Institute that the introduction of the 8-Hour Day would entail the employment of an additional 60,000 men. Here the Steel Corporation must answer this question: Why did it resist with assault and battery the demands of thousands of steel workers for an 8-Hour Day during the Great Strike of 1919 when it could easily have had an additional working force of thrice that number? And why was Golden-Rule Gary silent about the 8-Hour Day a little over a year ago when 6,000,000 workers were walking the streets out of work and out of hope?

However, when there was a terrific overflow in the labor market Gary did not stop at silence. In the period of 1920–1921 when the Steel Trust could, without any difficulty whatsoever, have introduced the 8-Hour Day, it discharged 67,000 men, and continued the ten, twelve, and fourteen hour shifts. In 1920 the average number employed by the U. S. Steel Corporation was 200,991. In 1921 the average was 133,663.

Testifying before the Senate Committe, in 1919, the Steel magnates admitted that one of the reasons why their industry faced a labor-shortage was, "because you can't get Americans to work the 12-Hour Day."

Then the wages. The starvation wages paid by the Steel Trust drive the workers away even further from the mills. Comparing steel wages with those prevailing for common labor in other industries, the New York Journal of Commerce said: "Even ditch diggers of the railways are receiving 41 cents per hour." The average wage paid today to common labor is 55 cents an hour—or 15 cents per hour more than that paid to the steel worker. And yet Gary and his crew who


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 publishing what the authors would have suppresed. Dublin was to London what New York is now, and successful books were at once reproduced in Ireland. Thus the lower strata of the literary class frequently practised with impunity all manner of more or less discreditable trickery, and Pope, with his morbid propensity for mystification, was only too apt a pupil in such arts. Though the tone of his public utterances was always of the loftiest, he was like a civilized commander who, in carrying on a war with savages, finds it convenient to adopt the practices which he professes to disapprove.

The whole publication of the Dunciad was surrounded with tricks, intended partly to evade possible consequences, and partly to excite public interest or to cause amusement at the expense of the bewildered victims. Part of the plot was concerted with Swift, who, however, does not appear to have been quite in the secret. The complete poem was intended to appear with an elaborate mock commentary by Scriblerus, explaining some of the allusions, and with "proeme, prolegomena, testimonia scriptorum, index auctorum, and notæ variorum." In the first instance, however, it appeared in a mangled form without this burlesque apparatus or the lines to Swift. Four editions were issued in this form in 1728, and with a mock notice from the publisher, expressing a hope that the author would be provoked to give a more perfect edition. This, accordingly, appeared in 1729. Pope seems to have been partly led to this device by a principle which he avowed to Warburton. When he had anything specially sharp to say he kept it for a second edition, where it would, he thought, pass with less offence. But he may also have been under the impression that all the mystery of apparently spurious editions would excite public curi-

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 receive yearly millions of dollars in dividends are condemning the workers for refusing to run after a forty-cents-an-hour job in the infernal steel mills.

According to the April, 1923, Employment Bulletin of the Illinois Department of Labor the average weekly wage in the iron and steel industry during April was $27.61. A magnificient sum for a family to live on! Nor should anyone be stunned with terrific amazement at the menacing height to which the steel wage has climbed! This average wage includes the salaries paid skilled and responsible men as well as leaders and common labor.

Again, not even Gary and his Committee, so highly gifted with inventive genius, can find a shred of evidence to disprove the fact that not a single steel plant working on a three-shift plan is experiencing the least bit of labor-shortage. We need but cite the experiences of the Republic Iron and Steel Co., the International Harvester Co., the Youngstown Sheet and Tube Co., and the Colorado Fuel and Iron Co.

From a letter sent by J. F. Welborn, President of the Colorado Fuel and Iron Co., to the Federal Council of Churches we learn that:

"A factor of added interest is the fact that with almost capacity operations at our steel plants during the last few months and employing over 6,000 men, we have experienced no shortage of labor. Our operating officials have frequently expressed the belief that this condition is due, in large part at least, to adoption of the eight-hour shift."

It is a fact and an incontrovertible fact that it is only on the basis of 40 cents an hour and Twelve Hours a day that the Steel Trust is at all confronted with a labor shortage.

Finally, let us turn to the Report of the Federated American Engineering Societies on this question. Said the engineers in their Report entitled "The Twelve Hour Shift in Industry":

"The plants which have adopted the three-shift system and are paying wages a little lower than are paid at corresponding plants working twelve-hour shifts have sufficient labor, both skilled and unskilled."

And in his letter to the Federal Council of Churches, Pres. J. F. Welborn stated that:

"The trend of production per man hour, with unimportant exceptions, has been upward since the adoption of the Eight-Hour Day; and in every department of our steel manufacturing operations, from the blast furnace to the wire mill, our production per man hour is now greater than it was when all of these activities were operating on the twelve hour shift."


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 earthly anthropologists have in mind when they speak of the "Normal" human being. The very definition of the Poietic class involves a certain abnormality.

The Utopians distinguished two extremes of this Kinetic class according to the quality of their imaginative preferences, the Dan and Beersheba, as it were, of this division. At one end is the mainly intellectual, unoriginal type, which, with energy of personality, makes an admirable judge or administrator and without it an uninventive, laborious, common mathematician, or common scholar, or common scientific man; while at the other end is the mainly emotional, unoriginal man, the type to which—at a low level of personal energy—my botanist inclines. The second type includes, amidst its energetic forms, great actors, and popular politicians and preachers. Between these extremes is a long and wide region of varieties, into which one would put most of the people who form the reputable workmen, the men of substance, the trustworthy men and women, the pillars of society on earth.

Below these two classes in the Utopian scheme of things, and emerging insensibly into them, come the Dull. The Dull are persons of altogether inadequate imagination, the people who never seem to learn thoroughly, or hear distinctly, or think clearly. (I believe if everyone is to be carefully educated they would be considerably in the minority in the world, but it is quite possible that will not be the reader's opinion. It is clearly a matter of an arbitrary line.) They are the stupid people, the incompetent people, the formal, imitative people, the people who, in any


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 It is plain that Gary's assertion that the Eight-Hour Shift would entail the employment of 60,000 additional workers won't hold water. The increased efficiency and production brought on by the Eight-Hour Work Day system cuts down considerably the estimated labor shortage of Gary's Committee.

Now turning to an abstract of an address delivered on December 3, 1923, by Prof. Horace B. Drury, formerly of the Economics Department of the Ohio State University, before a joint meeting of the Taylor Society, the Metropolitan and Management Sections of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers and the New York Section of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers we find that:

"By taking care, some manufacturers going on Eight Hours have been able to reduce the force of men 10 per cent; some more. Others have found that their rolling-mill output has gone up well toward 20 per cent or even more."

And in answer to Gary’s latest lunge into excuses for continuing the Twelve-Hour Day, Dr. Mortimer E. Cooley, President of the American Federated Engineering Societies, said:

"In practically every major continuous industry, there are plants which have increased the quantity of production per man as much as 25 per cent. In a few exceptional cases the increase has been much larger. Evidence shows also an improvement in quality of production following the reduction in the length of shifts."

In times of depression the steel barons oppose the Eight-Hour Day because there is a shortage of money. In times of prosperity, times of big profits, the Eight-Hour Day is opposed on the ground of a shortage of labor.

Investigation shows that it is the Twelve-Hour Day which is responsible for the slightest shortage of labor ever experienced by the steel industry and disproves completely the contention of Gary that the labor shortage is the cause of the continuation of the Twelve-Hour Day.

The whole history of the Steel Trust coupled with the findings of the engineers as to increased efficiency in production on the Eight-Hour basis shows that the main reason for the Steel Trust's insistence on the perpetuation of the Two-Shift System is this: The steel barons want to keep the workers in abject slavery.

They want to deny the workers every possible moment affording an opportunity for resting or thinking. They want to make impossible any condition which might, even in the most indirect and remote way, make possible a revolt of the steel workers. To insure their keeping the workers completely enslaved, the steel masters have chosen the Twelve-Hour Working Day as the best means.


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 osity. He adopted other devices for avoiding unpleasant consequences. It was possible that his victims might appeal to the law. In order to throw dust in their eyes, two editions appeared in Dublin and London, the Dublin edition professing to be a reprint from a London edition, whilst the London edition professed in the same way to be the reprint of a Dublin edition. To oppose another obstacle to prosecutors, he assigned the Dunciad to three noblemen—Lords Bathurst, Burlington, and Oxford—who transferred their right to Pope's publisher. Pope would be sheltered behind these responsible persons, and an aggrieved person might be slower to attack persons of high position and property. By yet another device Pope applied for an injunction in Chancery to suppress a piratical London edition; but ensured the failure of his application by not supplying the necessary proofs of property. This trick, repeated, as we shall see, on another occasion, was intended either to shirk reponsibilityresponsibility [sic] or to increase the notoriety of the book. A further mystification was equally characteristic. To the Dunciad in its enlarged form is prefixed a letter, really written by Pope himself, but praising his morality and genius, and justifying his satire in terms which would have been absurd in Pope's own mouth. He therefore induced a Major Cleland, a retired officer of some position, to put his name to the letter, which it is possible that he may have partly written. The device was transparent, and only brought ridicule upon its author. Finally, Pope published an account of the publication in the name of Savage, known by Johnson's biography, who seems to have been a humble ally of the great man—at once a convenient source of information and a tool for carrying on this underground warfare. Pope afterwards incorporated this statement—which was meant to prove, by some palpable

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 mean to criticize my political conduct, but at the time did not want to let others see his approval of me.

In the summer of 1855 Count Hatzfeldt, our ambassador in Paris, invited me to visit the Industrial Exhibition; he still shared the belief then existent in diplomatic circles that I was very soon to be Manteuffel's successor at the Foreign Office. Although the King had entertained such an idea on and off, it was already then known in the innermost Court circles that a change had taken place. Count William Redern, whom I met in Paris, told me that the ambassadors continued to believe I was destined to be made a minister and that he himself had also believed this; but that the King had changed his mind—of further details he was ignorant. Doubtless since Rügen.

August 15, Napoleon's day, was celebrated among other ways by a procession of Russian prisoners through the streets. On the 19th the Queen of England made her entry, and on August 25 a State ball was given in her honor at Versailles at which I was presented to her and to Prince Albert.

The Prince, handsome and cool in his black uniform, conversed with me courteously, but in his manner there was a kind of malevolent curiosity from which I concluded that my anti-occidental influence upon the King was not unknown to him. In accordance with the mode of thought peculiar to him, he sought for the motives of my conduct not where they really lay, that is, in the anxiety to keep my country independent of foreign influences—influences which found a fertile soil in our narrow-minded reverence for England and fear of France—and in the desire to hold ourselves aloof from a war which we should not have car-