text:
Page:Kalevala (Kirby 1907) v2.djvu/160

148

“I am fitted well to bear you,

And my floor is very spacious,

And a hundred men might row me,

And a thousand others stand there.”

So the aged Väinämöinen

Softly then began to carol,

Sang on one side of the vessel

Handsome youths, with hair brushed smoothly,

Hair smoothed down and hands all hardened,

And their feet were finely booted;

Sang on other side of vessel

Girls with tin upon their head-dress,

Head-dress tin, and belts of copper,

Golden rings upon their fingers;

And again sang Väinämöinen,

Till the seats were full of people,

Some were very aged people,

Men whose lives were nearly over,

But for these the space was scanty,

For the young folks came before them.

In the stern himself he seated,

Sat behind the birchwood vessel,

And he steered the vessel onward,

And he spoke the words which follow:

“Speed thou on through treeless regions,

O’er the wide expanse of water,

O’er the lake do thou float lightly,

As on waves a water-lily.”

Then he set the youths to rowing,

But he left the maidens resting;

Rowed the youths, and bent the oars,

Yet the vessel moved not onward.

Then he set the girls to rowing,

But he left the youths reposing;

Rowed the girls, and bent their fingers,

Yet the vessel moved not onward.

Then the old folks set to rowing,

While the young folks gazed upon them;

Rowed they till their heads were shaking,

Still the vessel moved not onward.

title: Page:Kalevala (Kirby 1907) v2.djvu/160


text: Page:Madagascar, with other poems - Davenant (1638).djvu/123

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text: The Works of Charles Dickens/Volume 2/Chapter 31


text: Page:Madagascar, with other poems - Davenant (1638).djvu/124


text: The Works of Charles Dickens/Volume 2/Chapter 32


text: The Works of Charles Dickens/Volume 2/Chapter 33


text: The Works of Charles Dickens/Volume 2/Chapter 34


text: The Works of Charles Dickens/Volume 2/Chapter 35


text: The Works of Charles Dickens/Volume 2/Chapter 36


text: The Works of Charles Dickens/Volume 2/Chapter 37


text:
Page:Kalevala (Kirby 1907) v2.djvu/161

Runo XXXIX]

Thereupon smith Ilmarinen

Sat him down, and set to rowing;

Now moved on the wooden vessel,

Sped the boat and made good progress,

Far was heard the splash of oars,

Far the splashing of the rudder.

On he rowed, while splashed the water,

Cracked the seats, and shook the planking,

Clashed the mountain-ashwood oars,

Creaked like hazel-grouse the rudders,

And their tips like cry of blackcock.

Like a swan the prow clove onward,

Croaked the stern as croaks a raven,

Hissed the rowlocks just as geese hiss.

And the aged Väinämöinen

Steered the vessel quickly onward,

From the stern of the red vessel,

With the aid of the strong rudder,

Till they saw a cliff before them,

And perceived a wretched village.

On the cape was Ahti dwelling,

In its bend was Kauko living,

Weeping that the fish had failed him,

Weeping that the bread had failed him;

For the smallness of his storehouse,

Wept the scamp his wretched fortune.

At a boat’s planks he was working,

At a new boat’s keel was working,

On this hungry promontory,

And beside the wretched village.

Very keen was Ahti’s hearing,

But his sight was even keener;

As he gazed afar to north-west,

And to south his head was turning,

Suddenly he saw a rainbow,

And a single cloud beyond it;

What he saw was not a rainbow,

Nor a little cloud beyond it;

But a boat that speeded swiftly,

And a vessel rushing onward

title: Page:Kalevala (Kirby 1907) v2.djvu/161


text: The Works of Charles Dickens/Volume 2/Chapter 38


text: The Works of Charles Dickens/Volume 2/Chapter 39


text: The Works of Charles Dickens/Volume 2/Chapter 40


text: The Works of Charles Dickens/Volume 2/Chapter 41


text:
Page:Kalevala (Kirby 1907) v2.djvu/162

150

O’er the broad lake’s shining surface,

Out upon the open water,

In the stern a noble hero,

And a handsome man was rowing.

Said the lively Lemminkainen,

“What this boat may be I know not,

Whose may be this handsome vessel,

Which is hither rowed from Suomi,

From the east, with strokes of oars,

And its rudder to the north-west.”

Then with all his might he shouted,

Shouted, and continued shouting,

From the cape the hero shouted,

Shouted loudly o’er the water,

“Whose the boat that cleaves the water,

Whose the vessel on the billows?“

From the boat the men made answer,

And the women answered likewise,

“Who art thou, O forest-dweller,

Hero, breaking through the thicket,

That thou dost not know this vessel,

Whose from Väinöla this vessel,

Dost not even know the steersman,

Nor the hero at the oars?”

Said the lively Lemminkainen,

“Now do I perceive the steersman,

And I recognize the oarsman.

Väinämöinen, old and steadfast,

In the vessel’s stern is sitting,

Ilmarinen at the oars.

Whither then away, O heroes,

Whither do you journey, heroes?”

Said the aged Väinämöinen,

“To the northward do we journey,

Journey through the foaming billows,

And above the foam-flecked billows.

Forth we go to seize the Sampo,

Gaze upon its pictured cover,

There in Pohjola’s stone mountain,

And within the hill of copper.”

title: Page:Kalevala (Kirby 1907) v2.djvu/162


text: The Works of Charles Dickens/Volume 2/Chapter 42


text:
Page:The Net of Faith.pdf/387

The aforesaid as well as other evidences show clearly that the Highest Priest has been grafted by the Emperor onto the tree of worldly dominion. He has accepted a most exalted priesthood through imperial authority in such a manner that not only did he attach sovereignty to his own person, but also everything else had to stem from his power: no people or nation could have priests except by his authority and sanction. He could disestablish priests, even the best of them, if they dared to speak up against his exalted throne. They must have the same intentions and the same spirit as he, accept churches as he, contribute to his throne in order to remain everywhere in his favor, and exalt his power above that of Christ.

The priest has inflicted an incurable wound on Christ's faith. And the people do not feel his pain, they are dead and insensible to all these damages in which souls perish. That great priest is the fountain from which flows priestly power to all people, and not only priestly power but even full salvation for all flows from that fountain, (a salvation) contrary to Christ. By the Emperor himself he is counted among the highest princes; the Pope trains his priests to honor him in the same way; (thus) the clergy of Christ is taught in the servitude

title: Page:The Net of Faith.pdf/387


text:
Page:Kalevala (Kirby 1907) v2.djvu/163

Runo XXXIX]

Said the lively Lemminkainen,

“O thou aged Väinämöinen,

Take me with you as your comrade,

As the third among the heroes,

When you go to seize the Sampo,

Bear away the pictured cover.

Perhaps my manly sword may aid you,

In the combat may be useful,

As my hands may bear you witness,

And my shoulders witness to you.”

Väinämöinen, old and steadfast,

Took the man upon his journey,

In the boat he took the rascal,

And the lively Lemminkainen

Hurried on to climb upon it,

And he hastened quick to board it,

And his planks he carried with him

To the boat of Väinämöinen.

Said the aged Väinämöinen,

“In my boat is wood in plenty,

Planks sufficient for the vessel,

And besides ’tis heavy laden.

Wherefore do you bring more planking,

Bringing timber to the vessel?”

Said the lively Lemminkainen,

“Foresight will not sink the vessel,

Nor o’erturns a prop the haystack.

Often on the lake of Pohja,

Does the wind destroy the planking,

When the sides are dashed together.”

Said the aged Väinämöinen,

“Therefore in a ship for battle,

Are the sides composed of iron,

And the prow of steel constructed,

Lest the wind aside should turn it,

Storms should shatter it to pieces.”

title: Page:Kalevala (Kirby 1907) v2.djvu/163


text:
Page:The Net of Faith.pdf/389

91* of a faith stemming from the Emperor and founded on earthly things, which is a faith of an alien spirit, contrary and remote from the spirit of Christ, agreeing instead with the spirit of the Antichrist.

These things enter into the apostolic and Christian faith by the power of the highest priest; who, therefore, dares speak of the corruption of the faith which is like a great fountain out of which there swims a great horde of obnoxious priests? They are all drawn to titled honors because of temporal benefits and a satiated and empty life and because being of the nobility they can evade the labors of those who earn their bread in heavy toil. Those knaves who have ascended to nobility do not bother caring for human souls.

A corpse was added to the churches; and it is ravens alone which are drawn to a corpse. Where there ought to be witnesses of Christ's sufferings, there are but Judases who betray Christ and sell his truth and corrupt the people with the poison of many errors. All this is maintained by and borne of the great priest who has arrogated to himself power over Christians, and who alone through his authority selects priests for them. Who shall dare say that through him faith is corrupted? For everybody can see for himself that there is no more faith; that a villainy planted by Caesar was let loose to kill faith in the world.

title: Page:The Net of Faith.pdf/389


text:
Page:The Net of Faith.pdf/391

92* Where there was faith before it has been extinguished. Thus the sin of the head has spread Into all the members of the body.

title: Page:The Net of Faith.pdf/391


text: Kalevala (Kirby 1907)/Runo 39

title: Kalevala (Kirby 1907)/Runo 39


text:
Page:The Net of Faith.pdf/393

The third feature with which the great priest has defiled faith and the Saviour consists in the fact that with the rich and haughty princely investiture he has arrogated to himself divine power, nay, the power of the Saviour himself, the power to forgive sins which is God's prerogative. He alone forgives all people, pardoning their iniquities; and Christ the Son of God died for the se iniquities. The witness of faith says that he is the Lamb of God who takes away the sin of the world – he alone has the right to forgive the sins of the world because he is both God and man. He died in the fashion of man, for sins, and gave himself up as a sacrifice to God, on the cross. Through himself and his pains he has bought forgiveness of sins for the world. Thus he alone has the right and power to forgive sins. Therefore the high priest, exalting himself in his monstrous pride above all that is called God, has seized Christ's prerogative by robbery. And this he manages lucratively, initiating a pilgrimage to Rome from all countries faithful to his banner, and proclaiming to all pilgrims forgiveness of all sins and Isa. 40:2.

John 1:29.

2-Thes. 2:4.

title: Page:The Net of Faith.pdf/393


text:
Page:The Net of Faith.pdf/395

94* suspension of punishments. A person may be burdened with the greatest and most evil sins; yet all he has to do is to take them to Rome and he will be made as pure as if he were just new-born! At least this is being said, and the promises are given as it were to fools benumbed by great drinking bouts. And thus large benumbed crowds from all countries stream (to Rome) and he, the father of all evils, gets ready for the ceremony: he puts pearled gloves and, standing high (on the balcony), gives his benediction to all the throng, with the forgiveness of all sins and remission of suffering. Whatever post-mortal tortures were supposed to come to them in the purgatory, these are rescinded for them whom he has blessed he forgives everything! Yea, he has the power to abolish hell as well as purgatory because, when he forgives everybody his sins, there is no one therefore (left) to go to hell. And there is supposedly only one purpose of the purgatory: whoever does not repent enough here for his sins, has to make up the difference by suffering in purgatory in order to satisfy God. The Great Priest forgives all these sufferings – and no one will go to hell or to purgatory.

Now to go further, he not only initiates such lucrative pilgrimages to Rome from all countries, but he even sends to those countries letters containing the forgiveness of sins and sufferings; (he tells them) not to incommode themselves with

title: Page:The Net of Faith.pdf/395


text:
Page:What's Wrong with the World.djvu/24

 it must be, in the abstract, right or wrong. There is no such thing as backing a winner; for he cannot be a winner when he is backed. There is no such thing as fighting on the winning side; one fights to find out which is the winning side. If any operation has occurred, that operation was efficient. If a man is murdered, the murder was efficient. A tropical sun is as efficient in making people lazy as a Lancashire foreman bully in making them energetic. Maeterlinck is as efficient in filling a man with strange spiritual tremors as Messrs. Crosse and Blackwell are in filling a man with jam. But it all depends on what you want to be filled with. Lord Rosebery, being a modern sceptic, probably prefers the spiritual tremors. I, being an orthodox Christian, prefer the jam. But both are efficient when they have been effected; and inefficient until they are effected. A man who thinks much about success must be the drowsiest sentimentalist; for he must be always looking back. If he only likes victory he must always come late for the battle. For the man of action there is nothing but idealism.

This definite ideal is a far more urgent and practical matter in our existing English trouble than any immediate plans or proposals. For the present chaos is due to a sort of general oblivion of all that men were originally aiming at. No


text:
Page:Margaret Mead - Coming of age in Samoa; a psychological study of primitive youth for western civilisation.pdf/34

 of a simpler civilisation is more possible of attainment.

In complicated civilisations like those of Europe, or the higher civilisations of the East, years of study are necessary before the student can begin to understand the forces at work within them. A study of the French family alone would involve a preliminary study of French history, of French law, of the Catholic and Protestant attitudes towards sex and personal relations. A primitive people without a written language present a much less elaborate problem and a trained student can master the fundamental structure of a primitive society in a few months.

Furthermore, we do not choose a simple peasant community in Europe or an isolated group of mountain whites in the American South, for these people's way of life, though simple, belong essentially to the historical tradition to which the complex parts of European or American civilisation belong. Instead, we choose primitive groups who have had thousands of years of historical development along completely different lines from our own, whose language does not possess our Indo-European categories, whose religious ideas are of a different nature, whose social organisation is not only simpler but very different from our own. From these contrasts, which are vivid enough to startle and enlighten those accustomed to our own way of life and simple enough to be grasped quickly, it is possible to learn many things about the effect of a civilisation upon the individuals within it.


text:
Page:The Necromancer, or, The Tale of the Black Forest Vol. 2.djvu/147

 "However, the quarrel between the two officers afforded me very soon such an alluring opportunity to display my skill, that I could not stand the temptation to perform the most cunning and subtle trick. The whole transaction bears such strong marks of the marvellous, that you will expect a long explanation, but the contrivance was so simple that a few words will suffice to unfold to you that strange affair."

"One morning a foreign officer sent for and requested me, to compose an ointment, which would make him invulnerable. I stared at him with wonder and astonishment; however, when he covered the whole table with gold, I was tempted to profit by his folly, and asked him who his antagonist was: Being told it was Lieutenant C, I would not run the risk of exposing myself to his resentment, and left the valiant son of Mars without listening to his proposal."


text:
Page:Margaret Mead - Coming of age in Samoa; a psychological study of primitive youth for western civilisation.pdf/35

 So, in order to investigate the particular problem, I chose to go not to Germany or to Russia, but to Samoa, a South Sea island about thirteen degrees from the Equator, inhabited by a brown Polynesian people. Because I was a woman and could hope for greater intimacy in working with girls rather than with boys, and because owing to a paucity of women ethnologists our knowledge of primitive girls is far slighter than our knowledge of boys, I chose to concentrate upon the adolescent girl in Samoa.

But in concentrating, I did something very different from what I would do if I concentrated upon a study of the adolescent girl in Kokomo, Indiana. In such a study, I would go right to the crux of the problem; I would not have to linger long over the Indiana language, the table manners or sleeping habits of my subjects, or make an exhaustive study of how they learned to dress themselves, to use the telephone, or what the concept of conscience meant to Kokomo. All these things are the general fabric of American life, known to me as investigator, known to you as readers.

But with this new experiment on the primitive adolescent girl the matter was quite otherwise. She spoke a language the very sounds of which were strange, a language in which nouns became verbs and verbs nouns in the most sleight-of-hand fashion. All of her habits of life were different. She sat cross-legged on the ground, and to sit upon a chair made her stiff and miserable. She ate with her fingers from a woven plate;


text:
Page:The Necromancer, or, The Tale of the Black Forest Vol. 2.djvu/148

 "The succeeding day your friend visited me: "Volkert," said he, as he entered the room, "I have a job for you: I can give you an excellent opportunity to favor me with a proof of your skill, and to get a handsome sum of money into the bargain."

"I pricked up my ears, made a few faint objections, and at length suffered myself to be persuaded."

"As soon as your friend had left me I went to Baron T, who was still in bed, without having the least inclination of fighting a duel."

"Baron," exclaimed I, as I entered his room, "give me the money, I am ready to execute your orders; you shall not only be invulnerable, but also leave the field of battle and this town as a man of honor, provided nobody knows that you are returned from your journey."


text:
Page:Margaret Mead - Coming of age in Samoa; a psychological study of primitive youth for western civilisation.pdf/36

 she slept upon the floor. Her house was mere circle of pillars, roofed by a cone of thatch, carpeted with water-worn coral fragments. Her whole material environment was different. Cocoanut palm, breadfruit, and mango trees swayed above her village. She has never seen a horse, knew no animals except the pig, dog and rat. Her food was taro, breadfruit and bananas, fish and wild pigeon and half-roasted pork, and land crabs. And just as it was necessary to understand this physical environment, this routine of life which was so different from ours, so her social environment in its attitudes towards children, towards sex, towards personality, presented as strong a contrast to the social environment of the American girl.

I concentrated upon the girls of the community. I spent the greater part of my time with them. I studied most closely the households in which adolescent girls lived. I spent more time in the games of children than in the councils of their elders. Speaking their language, eating their food, sitting barefoot and cross-legged upon the pebbly floor, I did my best to minimise the differences between us and to learn to know and understand all the girls of three little villages on the coast of the little island of Taū, in the Manu'a Archipelago.

Through the nine months which I spent in Samoa, I gathered many detailed facts about these girls, the size of their families, the position and wealth of their parents, the number of their brothers and sisters, the amount of sex experience which they had had. All of


text:
Page:The Necromancer, or, The Tale of the Black Forest Vol. 2.djvu/149

 "That is charming!" exclaimed the undaunted Baron, "nobody besides you and my landlord know that I am returned, and him we can easily silence if secresy is is necessary."

"Then he jumped nimbly out of his bed, and gave me the money. I laid my plan before him, and he joyfully submitted to every thing proposed. His landlord and the owner of the house where the conjuration was performed, were bribed: The Baron, who acted the ghost, was concealed in a small closet, to which he, when the whole transaction was finished, retired, under the cover of a thick benumbing smoke, which concealed his retreat, and left the town that very night. The postman had likewise been bribed to deliver the letter, composed by me and copied by the Baron. The certificate of the surgeon-major was forged, and every thing succeeded to our satisfaction."


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Pyne, John (3)


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Pyne, John (4)


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Pyne, John (5)


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Pyne, John (6)


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Pyne, John (7)


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Pyne, Lionel


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Pyne, Philip


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Quipp, William


text:
Page:The Necromancer, or, The Tale of the Black Forest Vol. 2.djvu/150

 "As to the duel, every thing was effected by natural means: I cleaned and charged the pistols of Lieutenant C, and took care to spoil the locks of one brace, and to charge the other with wrong bullets. I informed the governor of the duel, that Baron T's courage might be known, and he returned, for the same reason, to town, as soon as the duel was fought, delivering himself into the hands of the soldiers, who had been ordered to arrest the combattants."

"That he might be thought generous, he supplicated for the enlargment of his antagonist, and procured him the governor's pardon."

"The heniousness of this deed of mine will be lessened in your eyes, if I tell you, that the bullets in the Baron's pistols were likewise too small, so that Lieutenant C could not be wounded dangerously, and the Baron took care not to hurt him materially."


text:
Page:The Net of Faith.pdf/397

95* a long journey to him, that he will forgive them everything provided they pay for it in golden ducats; that the sinner is free to, specify what sins he wants to have forgiven and that, if he pays for it, he (the Pope) will grant him in a letter a freedom to sin for as many years as are paid for, even till a man's death is fo desired. Any priest can absolve all sins at a deathbed by the power of the Pope. And the people buy from that Great Priest their freedom to sin.

The se things, therefore, are evident: Christ has the divine right to forgive the sins of the world. Does he have, then, an official in his service to whom he has given his full powers? What is intrinsic to the Lord, the servant has arrogated to himself, usurping also all honors pertaining to his Lord; he increases his wealth in worldly ways, enriching himself by the sale of indulgences and prebends, by endowments and wars; he intrigues with kings and sells indulgences in various countries in order to secure money for his warfare. This was shown in the days when Boniface was at war with Chelc̄icky̍ has the names confused; it was not Boniface but John XXIII (Baldassare Cossa, 1410–1419) who promised indulgence to all who would take part in his crusade against King Ladislaus of Naples. Chelc̄icky̍ was probably thinking of Boniface IX ( 1389–1404).

title: Page:The Net of Faith.pdf/397


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Quinton, William


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Quintin, Theophilus


text:
Page:The Net of Faith.pdf/399

95b* the King of Naples; he invoked anathema upon him and with him he excommunicated the whole country so that they could not even bury their dead. Such a disciple of Christ made naught of the teachings of his Master and trampled them in the dust.

Of what use is Christ to us, indeed, if the great priest, his vicar, can forgive all our sins and remit all sufferings, and sanctify us, make us just? What more can Jesus add to this? For it is only our sins that are in our way to salvation. And if the high priest forgives these, what is left to poor Jesus Christ? Why does the world neglect him and why does it not seek salvation from him? Only because this great priest has overshadowed him with his great pomp and glory received from the world, generously giving salvation in a way in which the world desires it. Wherefore the crucified Jesus is made into a laughing-stock before the world, while only the great priest is on the lips of the world which in him alone seeks salvation, believing to find it there.

Isa. 40:2.

John 1:29.

2-Thes. 2:4.

Chelc̄icky̍ has the names confused; it was not Boniface but John XXIII (Baldassare Cossa, 1410–1419) who promised indulgence to all who would take part in his crusade against King Ladislaus of Naples. Chelc̄icky̍ was probably thinking of Boniface IX ( 1389–1404).

title: Page:The Net of Faith.pdf/399


text:
Page:The Net of Faith.pdf/401

96*

The fourth feature of the great priest with which he has defiled faith consists in the fact that he has greatly increased the number of laws contrary to the law of God and His faith; behind these laws the people have forgotten the true law of God, and they do not even suspect that there exists another faith but that which is presented by the laws of the great priest. All visible worship conducted by the ecclesiastical hordes is done in accordance with his rules. He prescribes the ways and manners of worship, and they are carried out in the sacraments, in religious services, in prayers, in masses. The caesarean priesthood is unable to pray or to serve mass otherwise than by mumbling out of the Books of Hours of which there have been written many at his behest. They regard it as prayers when one priest responds to another priest, when they chase one another with words and verses. They bless and fast and go through rituals and bowings, and all this is done in accordance with the law which the great priest gave them. The people are therefore ignorant of the law of God and have strayed from it, and the Christians have known nothing about it for many centuries.

title: Page:The Net of Faith.pdf/401


text:
Page:The Net of Faith.pdf/403

97* In its ignorance the people take for granted as Christian faith the regulations of the Pope and the practices of worship carried on under the name of God They have never heard anything else concerning religion excepting (the requirement) to take a glance at God in church and not to plough their field on Sundays, they do not know that there exists any other form

Therefore, even though the se laws are resplendent in a great institution, through religiosity reverence, respect to God, they are only for form's and fool's sake. But the truth is that there is no middle way here: either deny God and be a dissenter, or cling to Him with your whole heart. Either step is hard to take by the people; for man is not as bad as to want to deny God and relinquish Him; on the other hand you will find very few who want to cling to God with their whole heart. It is this ac cursed middle way which offers a relaxation to both parties. Fallible and fortuitous are all the advantages hidden in the laws of the Pope who glitters with great orders and outward forms and ceremonies of worship.

Papal laws are very welcome to them that have never experienced God; they are the means whereby they can cunningly stand in the fold of faith and confess God with their lips only, honor and worship Him only outwardly, and debase their bodies by mortification according to the decrees of the great priest.

title: Page:The Net of Faith.pdf/403


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Quintan, Theophilus


text:
Page:The Necromancer, or, The Tale of the Black Forest Vol. 2.djvu/151

 "Volkert had, as yet, spoken with great hilarity, and it almost appeared as if he had entirely forgotten his impending doom; but suddenly he grew more serious and solemn: Gloomy clouds of sorrow were gathering on his brow, the paleness of his countenance increased, his lips were contorted, he gave a deep groan of anguish, and after an awful pause of inward agony, he went on in a faltering accent."

"O that I here could conclude the dreadful tale of my transgressions! O that I had not to relate deeds more glaring and abominable! deeds which thrill my soul with anguish, and pierce my guilty heart with a thousand daggers, pointed by unutterable pangs of a polluted conscience: However, I promised you a sketch of my whole life, and will be as good as my word: Although I shall not be able to give you a full narrative of deeds which fill my soul with horror, yet I will go on as well as I can."


text:
Page:The family kitchen gardener - containing plain and accurate descriptions of all the different species and varieties of culinary vegetables (IA familykitchengar56buis).pdf/14

 gallons of water—the liquid to be used when the vegetables are in a growing state. Gypsum is beneficial, but not of any duration. Poudrette is a very active manure, highly exciting to early crops. The safest and best of all manures are the combined deposits of the horse, the cow, and the pig; these, thrown into a heap to ferment, saturating it with all the soap-suds and urine that can be collected, will form the best, the safest, and most permanent manure, not equalled by any or all of the nostrums of the age. It may be applied at the rate of from twenty to thirty tous per acre. This quantity is not too much, when a garden is regularly cultivated. It requires no adept in vegetable culture to take at least two crops a year from the ground. Lime is not genial to the growth of vegetables; its principal function as a manure appears to be, to dissolve the organic matter in the soil and facilitate its decay. Soils of a sour, heavy nature, full of thready, undecomposed vegetable fibre, are greatly benefited by a dressing of air-slacked lime; but on rich soils, well cultivated, its effects are unfavorable to the growth of culinary vegetables.

is not our intention to go into a detail of all the useful articles connected with the culture of the garden, which would take us beyond our limits. Our object will be only to point out those most useful and essential to carry on the cultivation of the soil. The materials of which they are composed are chiefly of iron and wood; the best quality of both should be used, nothing purchased merely for its being cheap. The cheapest is the best and most durable to accomplish the end.

The spade is a very common tool, and should be of steel, with a hickory or ash handle, having two rivets through its head. No. 2, of the manufactory, is the most convenient size. Some American spades are equal to any of British manufacture.


text:
Page:The Net of Faith.pdf/405

98* This brought about an ignorance of God and His laws to such an extent that not even the devil could have invented it. He would not be able to produce a trick whereby men, deprived of their true goodness (consisting of obedience to God's laws), would be made to adhere to a false and fallacious goodness glorying in the laws of the great priest and adorned by divine Scriptures (in order to give the impression that they are being fulfilled – but this is only glorious lying underneath the veneer of letters).

It is obvious how much the laws of the Pope contradict those of God: they assume the coloring of the divine law, lacerating it worse than lion's teeth. Yea, the Pope has greatly defiled the laws of God, by multiplying his own laws contrary to those of God, and even rescinding those of divine origin. He regulates faith forasmuch as he is its ruler. In Basel his servants have declared concerning the cup of God that the holy Church can change and abolish the commandment of Christ which says that the common people should drink Christ's blood from the cup; that the holy Church can abolish what the law (of God) commands as well as pass amendments contrary to it. Being the rulers over faith and God's law, (the churchmen) abolish what they do not like and add what they like, and others must accept what they decide. They keep silent about the fact that

title: Page:The Net of Faith.pdf/405


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Quintan, Samuel


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Quintin, John


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Quinsey, Thomas


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Quinney, Richard


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Quiney, George


text:
Page:Margaret Mead - Coming of age in Samoa; a psychological study of primitive youth for western civilisation.pdf/37

 these routine facts are summarised in a table in the appendix. They are only the barest skeleton, hardly the raw materials for a study of family situations and sex relations, standards of friendship, of loyalty, of personal responsibility, all those impalpable storm centres of disturbances in the lives of our adolescent girls. And because these less measurable parts of their lives were so similar, because one girl's life was so much like another's, in an uncomplex, uniform culture like Samoa, I feel justified in generalising although I studied only fifty girls in three small neighbouring villages.

In the following chapters I have described the lives of these girls, the lives of their younger sisters who will soon be adolescent, of their brothers with whom a strict taboo forbids them to speak, of their older sisters who have left puberty behind them, of their elders, the mothers and fathers whose attitudes towards life determine the attitudes of their children. And through this description I have tried to answer the question which sent me to Samoa: Are the disturbances which vex our adolescents due to the nature of adolescence itself or to the civilisation? Under different conditions does adolescence present a different picture?

Also, by the nature of the problem, because of the unfamiliarity of this simple life on a small Pacific island, I have had to give a picture of the whole social life of Samoa, the details being selected always with a view to illuminating the problem of adolescence. Matters of political organisation which neither interest nor influence the young girl are not included. Minuti


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Quinbrough, Michael


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Quin, James


text:
Page:The Net of Faith.pdf/407

99* many members (of the church) are the worst enemies of the law of God, and men are tortured on that account. The Emperor, the kings and the lords have exalted over the Christians this high priest, endowing him with power and domains; now in his pride he rules even over kings. In investing him they were seduced by the proud devil, and through this error they render him service: they raised a lord to the destruction of faith, and now he rules and changes and fabricates laws full of poison and pest, with which to vitiate and wound the people.

The Donation (of Constantine) is no trifling matter: today poison is running in the holy Church. When the poison was poured into the Church in the beginning, it increased and spread throughout the whole world by means of this wealthy priest, successful in the world, through his corrupt laws. The world became swollen and distended with gross iniquities. Its body became bigswoln with anger, with prodigality, profligacy, and with a lethargy caused by the loss of life in God, it sneers at all things divine and grows out of the poisons of the great harlot. Thinking of these things, Saint Paul could not have condemned him more than by saying that he was a man of lawlessness and a son of perdition. Christ Jesus the man of  See Chapter XXII,

Rev. 17:1–2.

2-Thes. 2:3.

title: Page:The Net of Faith.pdf/407


text:
Page:Margaret Mead - Coming of age in Samoa; a psychological study of primitive youth for western civilisation.pdf/38

 of relationship systems or ancestor cults, genealogies and mythologies, which are of interest only to the specialist, will be published in another place. But I have tried to present to the reader the Samoan girl in her social setting, to describe the course of her life from birth until death, the problems she will have to solve, the values which will guide her in her solutions, the pains and pleasures of her human lot cast on a South Sea island.

Such a description seeks to do more than illuminate this particular problem. It should also give the reader some conception of a different and contrasting civilisation, another way of life, which other members of the human race have found satisfactory and gracious. we know that our subtlest perceptions, our highest values, are all based upon contrast; that light without darkness or beauty without ugliness would lose the qualities which they now appear to us to have. And similarly, if we would appreciate our own civilisation, this elaborate pattern of life which we have made for ourselves as a people and which we are at such pains to pass on to our children, we must set our civilisation over against other very different ones. The traveller in Europe returns to America, sensitive to nuances in his own manners and philosophies which have hitherto gone unremarked, yet Europe and America are parts of one civilisation. It is with variations within one great pattern that the student of Europe to-day or the student of our own history sharpens his sense of appreciation. But if we step outside the stream of Indo-European


text:
Page:The Net of Faith.pdf/409

100* virtue came to conquer sins – this man of sin came to multiply it. With all his acts he set the world on the highway of sin, giving it freedom and incentive to sin, easily removing sins from the people by benediction, without repentance, without changing the evil intention, without improving life; he always forgives and the people are not conscious of sinning either before or after. Thus sins are no more sins because human conscience has been separated from sinning; and if there be some who have a sinful conscience, it will be assuaged for money. Thus, he is the Father of Sins, be getting sins with his offices and services and removing the people from the law of God

This Whale has so torn the net of faith that it has been rendered useless for catching fishes. And if somebody should laboriously mend it in fear and try to 'fish' people unto salvation, he forfeits his neck, for (the Pope) hates the faith which is the net of Peter. That is why he invaded the net; he did not rend it without reason, for it bothered him and harrassed him no end. For, wanting to have a wide way, he sundered the net of faith so that it would not hinder him and his freedom of movement. And he cannot tolerate anyone to fish with the whole net, for, in doing so, the (fisher) would reveal him naked and destroy his work, forasmuch as a complete net would mean shame to his

title: Page:The Net of Faith.pdf/409


text:
Page:The Net of Faith.pdf/411

101* face and death to his pride and luxury. Desiring to continue in his exalted rule and to be given dominions and honors greater then the Emperor, he is bound to make room for himself and to destroy the net; he can endure only its tatters. Where its gaps would reveal his shameful nakedness he mends them with patches

So, wherever he can fish out some material gain with the net of faith, he uses some rags and tatters, turning masses and other sacraments into money, using the power of the Keys at the highest market price, excommunicating the innocent and exercising through them his revenge against those who would dare to 'fish' with the whole net.

See Chapter XXII,

Rev. 17:1–2.

2-Thes. 2:3.

title: Page:The Net of Faith.pdf/411


text: Page:The story of the flute (IA storyofflute1914fitz).djvu/53


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Quilter, John


text:
Page:The life of Charlotte Brontë (IA lifeofcharlotteb02gaskrich).pdf/106

 Every one has a right to form his own conclusion respecting the merits and demerits of a book. I complain not of the judgment which the reviewer passes on "Jane Eyre." Opinions as to its tendency varied then, as they do now. While I write, I receive a letter from a clergyman in America in which he says: "We have in our sacred of sacreds a special shelf, highly adorned, as a place we delight to honour, of novels which we recognise as having had a good influence on character, our character. Foremost is 'Jane Eyre.

Nor do I deny the existence of a diametrically opposite judgment. And so (as I trouble not myself about the reviewer's style of composition) I leave his criticisms regarding the merits of the work on one side. But when—forgetting the chivalrous spirit of the good and noble Southey, who said: "In reviewing anonymous works myself, when I have known the authors I have never mentioned them, taking it for granted they had sufficient reasons for avoiding the publicity"—the Quarterly reviewer goes on into gossiping conjectures as to who Currer Bell really is, and pretends to decide on what the writer may be from the book, I protest with my whole soul against such want of Christian charity. Not even the desire to write a "smart article," which shall be talked about in London, when the faint mask of the anonymous can be dropped at pleasure if the cleverness of the review be admired—not even this temptation can excuse the stabbing cruelty of the judgment. Who is he that should say of an unknown woman: "She must be one who for some sufficient reason has long


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Quicke, Thomas


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Quicke, Philip


text:
Page:The life of Charlotte Brontë (IA lifeofcharlotteb02gaskrich).pdf/107

 forfeited the society of her sex"? Is he one who has led a wild and struggling and isolated life,—seeing few but plain and outspoken Northerns, unskilled in the euphuisms which assist the polite world to skim over the mention of vice? Has he striven through long weeping years to find excuses for the lapse of an only brother; and through daily contact with a poor lost profligate, been compelled into a certain familiarity with the vices that his soul abhors? Has he, through trials, close following in dread march through his household, sweeping the hearthstone bare of life and love, still striven hard for strength to say, "It is the Lord! let Him do what seemeth to Him good"—and sometimes striven in vain, until the kindly Light returned? If through all these dark waters the scornful reviewer have passed clear, refined, free from stain,—with a soul that has never in all its agonies, cried "lama sabachthani,"—still, even then let him pray with the Publican rather than judge with the Pharisee.

1em

"Anne had a very tolerable day yesterday, and a pretty quiet night last night, though she did not sleep much. Mr. Wheelhouse ordered the blister to be put on again. She bore it without sickness. I have just dressed it, and she is risen and come down stairs. She looks somewhat pale and sickly. She has had one dose of the cod-liver oil; it smells and tastes like train oil. I am trying to hope, but the day is windy, cloudy, and stormy. My spirits fall at intervals very low; then I look where you counsel me to look, beyond earthly


text: Page:The earth turns south (IA earthturnssouth00wood).pdf/80


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Pyne, Richard (1)


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Pyne, Richard (2)


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Pyne, Tertullian


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Pyne, Thomas (1)


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Pyne, Thomas (2)


text: Page:The earth turns south (IA earthturnssouth00wood).pdf/81


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Pyne, Thomas (3)


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Pyne, William (1)


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Pyne, William (2)


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Pynsent


text: The Works of Charles Dickens/Volume 2/Chapter 43


text:
Page:The life of Charlotte Brontë (IA lifeofcharlotteb02gaskrich).pdf/108

 tempests and sorrows. I seem to get strength, if not consolation. It will not do to anticipate. I feel that hourly. In the night, I awake and long for morning; then my heart is wrung. Papa continues much the same; he was very faint when he came down to breakfast Dear E, your friendship is some comfort to me. I am thankful for it. I see few lights through the darkness of the present time; but amongst them the constancy of a kind heart attached to me is one of the most cheering and serene."

1em

"I can scarcely say that Anne is worse, nor can I say she is better. She varies often in the course of a day, yet each day is passed pretty much the same. The morning is usually the best time; the afternoon and the evening the most feverish. Her cough is the most troublesome at night, but it is rarely violent. The pain in her arm still disturbs her. She takes the cod-liver oil and carbonate of iron regularly; she finds them both nauseous, but especially the oil. Her appetite is small indeed. Do not fear that I shall relax in my care of her. She is too precious not to be cherished with all the fostering strength I have. Papa, I am thankful to say, has been a good deal better this last day or two.

"As to your queries about myself, I can only say, that if I continue as I am I shall do very well. I have not yet got rid of the pains in my chest and back. They oddly return with every change of weather; and are still sometimes accompanied with a little soreness and


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Quarles, John (1)


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Quarles, John (2)


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Quarles, Solomon


text:
Page:The Net of Faith.pdf/413

102*

The second whale which has invaded and enormously torn the net of faith is the Emperor with his pagan rule and offices with pagan rights and laws. He is the root of paganism into which Christianity has turned; it is he who opened the wound from which pours the blood that is spilled among all Christians – even here – and all blood that shall ever be shed. When he entered the net of faith with these evils, he despoiled the innocence and purity of those who were in the net in accordance with the apostolic establishment.

As mentioned in the beginning, the churches of God converted to the faith of Christ from the Gentiles and Jews were scattered throughout all countries, regions, and speaking all the languages of the Gentiles for over three hundred years. They were abiding only by the will of God and paid honor only to the gracious laws of Christ's Gospel, without any addition of either papal or imperial laws, not having among themselves any kings with sovereign rights. They were servants among the pagans and their lords, subject to them 102*

title: Page:The Net of Faith.pdf/413


text:
Page:The Imperial Durbar Album of the Indian princes, chiefs and zamindars.djvu/70

 Cutch.

THE State of Cutch (from the Sanskrit Kachcha 'foreshore') is peculiarly interesting, geographically, geologically, as well as historically. Its situation and peninsular formation is such that there is no other State like it in the whole of India. Its geological formation though complex is very important inasmuch as it has furnished a clue to the age of the Jurassic and Cretacious series. Historically too, the State has its own importance. It has been noticed by Greek writers, and appears to have formed part of Menander's kingdom in the second century B. C. The great Chinese traveller Hieun Tsiang makes special mention of it. In the 9th century A.D. the Arabs have been known to have settled on its coast.

The modern history of Cutch may be said to date from its acquisition by the Samma Rajputs of Sindh, who established themselves in the peninsula in the fourteenth century A.D. The Jadeja ('children of Jada ' - a word signifying 'twin' in Sindhi) Rajputs, to which clan the ruling family of Cutch belongs, are the descendants of the Samma tribe. They are said to have emigrated from Sindh under the leadership of Jam Lakha, son of Jada. When the rest of the tribe embraced the orthodox Mahomedan faith, the Jadejas adopted a mixture of Mahomedanism and Hinduism as their religion.

Till about 1540 A.D. the Jams ruled over Cutch in three sections; but about that year, Khengarji, the ruler of the southern portion, succeeded with the assistance of the king of Ahmedabad in establishing his supremacy over the other two convpatriot rulers, and made himself master of the whole province. He obtained from the king of Ahmedabad the grant of Morvi in the north of Kathiawar, and the title of 'Rao'.

He established Bhuj, the capital of Cutch, in 1549 A.D., and thirty years later founded the important sea'port town of Mandvi, which even to this day commands the extensive trade of the province.

On the decline of the power of the kings of Ahmedabad, Bharmal, the successor of Khengarji, attempted to make himself independent, but was defeated in the attempt, and on his acknowledging the supremacy of the Emperor of Delhi, he was confirmed in his original position. For six generations from Khengarji, the Raos ascended the masnad in regular succession according to primogeniture; but on the death of Rao Rayadhan in 1797 A.D., Pragmalji, his third son, secured the throne to himself by murder and usurpation. But he placed Kanyoji, the son of one of his murdered brothers, in independent charge of Morvi, with a view to pacify him. Pragmalji died in 171 5 A.D. During the time of his grandson Deshaji, Sir Buland Khan, the Mogul subhedar of Gujrath, helped the Chief of Morvi to invade Cutch; but Deshaji was successful in driving away the invaders, and fortified the town of Bhuj as a precautionary measure against any future attacks. In 1741 A.D. Deshaji was made a prisoner by his son Lakhapatji, an extravagant but very ambitious and calculating youth. He was conferred the title of 'Mirza' by the Emperor of Delhi, and that of ' Maharajadhiraj ' by the King of Kabul.


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Quarells, George


text:
Page:The life of Charlotte Brontë (IA lifeofcharlotteb02gaskrich).pdf/109

 hoarseness, but I combat them steadily with pitch plasters and bran tea. I should think it silly and wrong indeed not to be regardful of my own health at present; it would not do to be ill now.

"I avoid looking forward or backward, and try to keep looking upward. This is not the time to regret, dread, or weep. What I have and ought to do is very distinctly laid out for me; what I want, and pray for, is strength to perform it. The days pass in a slow, dark march; the nights are the test; the sudden wakings from restless sleep, the revived knowledge that one lies in her grave, and another not at my side, but in a separate and sick bed. However, God is over all."

1em

"Anne really did seem to be a little better during some mild days last week, but to-day she looks very pale and languid again. She perseveres with the cod-liver oil, but still finds it very nauseous.

"She is truly obliged to you for the soles for her shoes, and finds them extremely comfortable. I am to commission you to get her just such a respirator as Mrs. had. She would not object to give a higher price, if you thought it better. If it is not too much trouble, you may likewise get me a pair of soles; you can send them and the respirator when you send the box. You must put down the price of all, and we will pay you in a Post Office order. 'Wuthering Heights' was given to you. I have sent  neither letter nor parcel. I had nothing but dreary news to write, so preferred that others


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Quarles, Edward


text:
Page:Works of Charles Dickens, ed. Lang - Volume 2.djvu/278

 "Raly, gentlemen," said Sam, "I'm not wery much in the habit o singin' without the instrument; but anythin' for a quiet life, as the man said wen he took the sitivation at the lighthouse."

With this prelude, Mr. Samuel Weller burst at once into the following wild and beautiful legend, which, under the impression that it is not generally known, we take the liberty of quoting. We would beg to call particular attention to the monosyllable at the end of the second and fourth lines, which not only enables the singer to take breath at those points, but greatly assists the metre.

"I maintain that that 'ere song's personal to the cloth," said the mottled-faced gentleman, interrupting it at this point. "I demand the name o' that coachman."

"Nobody know'd," replied Sam. "He hadn't got his card in his pocket."


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Quarles, Benedict


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Quantocke, Francis


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Quammerford, Edward


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Quamerforde


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Quadring, Gabriel (2)


text: Page:The earth turns south (IA earthturnssouth00wood).pdf/82


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Quadring, Gabriel (1)


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Pyx, William


text:
Page:The life of Charlotte Brontë (IA lifeofcharlotteb02gaskrich).pdf/110

 should tell her. I have not written to either. I cannot write, except when I am quite obliged."

1em

"We received the box and its contents quite safely to-day. The penwipers are very pretty, and we are very much obliged to you for them. I hope the respirator will be useful to Anne, in case she should ever be well enough to go out again. She continues very much in the same state—I trust not greatly worse, though she is becoming very thin. I fear it would be only self-delusion to fancy her better. What effect the advancing season may have on her, I know not; perhaps the return of really warm weather may give nature a happy stimulus. I tremble at the thought of any change to cold wind or frost. Would that March were well over! Her mind seems generally serene, and her sufferings hitherto are nothing like Emily's. The thought of what may be to come grows more familiar to my mind; but it is a sad, dreary guest."

1em

"We have found the past week a somewhat trying one; it has not been cold, but still there have been changes of temperature whose effect Anne has felt unfavourably. She is not, I trust, seriously worse, but her cough is at times very hard and painful, and her strength rather diminished than improved. I wish the month of March was well over. You are right in conjecturing that I am somewhat depressed; at times I certainly am.


text:
Page:The Imperial Durbar Album of the Indian princes, chiefs and zamindars.djvu/71

Rh The artistic taste in the workmanship of Cutch and the present reputation of its silver-ware owes its development to Rao Lakhapatji. He entertained in his service a vaghela by name Ram Singh Malam, who had undertaken several voyages to Europe and picked up the rudiments of several arts, and under his guidance a school of industry was established. The Rao was also a patron of letters. He is said to have established a school to impart to his subjects a knowledge of the Brij dialect, of which he himself was a good student. He died in 1760 A.D. and was succeeded by his son Godhaji. On his death in 1778 A. D., his eldest son, Rayadhanji, came to the gadi. He embraced the Moslem religion much to the consternation of his relatives and Hindu subjects, and gave rise to a series of feuds and unrest. At this Jamadar Fatteh Mahomad made himself all powerful in the State, and, being very ambitious, he turned his arms against Nawanagar. The British Government intervened and deputed Captain MacMurdo with a kharita. Before any terms could be settled upon, Fatteh Mahomad and Rao Rayadhanji died at an interval of twenty days in 1813 A.D. The successor, Rao Bharmalji, was an incompetent ruler. He was therefore dethroned, and his infant son, Deshaji, was proclaimed Rao of Cutch.

The British Government appointed a Council consisting of the Resident, the Diwan, and four other chief nobles of the State. Rao Deshaji received a liberal education and was put in charge of the administration of his State in 1833 A.D. He died in 1860 A.D. and was succeeded by his eldest son Pragmalji II. Rao Shri Pragmalji was a highly educated Prince like his father. He was a wise and beneficent ruler, and much of what is now seen in Cutch was begun during his regime. He died in 1876 A.D. and his son, Prince Khengarji, who was only 9 years old, was duly installed on the gadi. According to his father's will, a Council of Regency was formed, which carried on the administration of the State till 1886A.D., when the State was entrusted to the young Rao. The Imperial Government conferred the title of 'Sawai Bahadur' on the Rao. In 1887 A.D. the Rao proceeded to England to represent the Princes of the Bombay Presidency on the occasion of the Jubilee of the late Queen-Empress Victoria, and was created a G. C. I. E. there. The Rao is a cautious but very progressive ruler, taking great interest in the welfare of his subjects. He takes keen interest in the cause of education and works of public utility.

The military force of the State consists of 853 foot-soldiers including 281 Arabs and 254 cavalry. The State is bound by treaty to defray the expenses of the subsidiary force stationed at Bhuj by the British Government for the protection of the country.

The area of the State is 7,616 square miles (exclusive of the Runn) containing eight towns and 940 villages having 4,99,000 inhabitants, and has a total revenue of a little over 36 lacs of Rupees per annum.

The ruling Chief, His Highness Maharajadhiraj Mirza Maharao Sawai Sir Khengarji Bahadur G.C I.E., enjoys full civil and criminal powers in his territory, and is entitled to a salute of 17 guns.


text: Page:The earth turns south (IA earthturnssouth00wood).pdf/83


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Pyeing, Robert


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Pyeing, John


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Pysing, Benedict


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Pyrke, Thomas


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Pyrke, Robert (2)


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Pyrke, Robert (1)


text:
Page:The Net of Faith.pdf/415

103* only corporeally, paying their taxes and performing other physical services until the days of Constantine.

When Emperor Constantine was received into the fold of faith with his pagan rule and rights and offices, then the innocence of the true Christians was saddened and defiled. It was as if ruffians and abductors established friendship with honest and chaste maidens, got themselves invited into their house overnight, introducing their own ruffian laws and declaring that they would protect the maidens' chastity by virtue of their laws. The honest and chaste maidens would soon be very much disappointed upon discovering that they could not defend for long – and with great difficulty at that – their purity and faithfulness which they took upon themselves to keep till death. They could not preserve it among these ruffians who live domestically with them, who rule over them and who can even order them how to preserve to God their purity very few true maidens would remain there indeed!

It was similar when the Emperor slipped under the skin of faith with his pagan rule, rights and offices, and obtained full membership rights of participation with the Christians in their faith and in all things pertaining to God. Having been thus united, they shared among themselves: he their Christian things

title: Page:The Net of Faith.pdf/415


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Pyott, Richard (2)


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Pyott, Richard (1)


text: Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714/Pyott, John


text:
Page:The life of Charlotte Brontë (IA lifeofcharlotteb02gaskrich).pdf/111

 It was almost easier to bear up when the trial was at its crisis than now. The feeling of Emily's loss does not diminish as time wears on; it often makes itself most acutely recognised. It brings too an inexpressible sorrow with it; and then the future is dark. Yet I am well aware, it will not do either to complain, or sink, and I strive to do neither. Strength, I hope and trust, will yet be given in proportion to the burden; but the pain of my position is not one likely to lessen with habit. Its solitude and isolation are oppressive circumstances, yet I do not wish for any friends to stay with me; I could not do with any one—not even you—to share the sadness of the house; it would rack me intolerably. Meantime, judgment is still blent with mercy. Anne's sufferings still continue mild. It is my nature, when left alone, to struggle on with a certain perseverance, and I believe God will help me."

Anne had been delicate all her life; a fact which perhaps made them less aware than they would otherwise have been, of the true nature of those fatal first symptoms. Yet they seem to have lost but little time before they sent for the first advice that could be procured. She was examined with the stethoscope, and the dreadful fact was announced that her lungs were affected, and that tubercular consumption had already made considerable progress. A system of treatment was prescribed, which was afterwards ratified by the opinion of Dr. Forbes.

For a short time they hoped that the disease was


text:
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 arrested. Charlotte—herself ill with a complaint that severely tried her spirits—was the ever-watchful nurse of this youngest, last sister. One comfort was that Anne was the patientest, gentlest invalid that could be. Still, there were hours, days, weeks of inexpressible anguish to be borne; under the pressure of which Charlotte could only pray: and pray she did, right earnestly. Thus she writes on March 24th:—

"Anne's decline is gradual and fluctuating; but its nature is not doubtful In spirit she is resigned: at heart she is, I believe, a true Christian May God support her and all of us through the trial of lingering sickness, and aid her in the last hour, when the struggle which separates soul from body must be gone through! We saw Emily torn from the midst of us when our hearts clung to her with intense attachment She was scarce buried when Anne's health failed These things would be too much, if reason, unsupported by religion, were condemned to bear them alone. I have cause to be most thankful for the strength that has hitherto been vouchsafed both to my father and to myself. God, I think, is specially merciful to old age; and for my own part, trials, which in perspective would have seemed to me quite intolerable, when they actually came I endured without prostration. Yet I must confess that, in the time which has elapsed since Emily's death, there have been moments of solitary, deep, inert affliction, far harder to bear than those which immediately followed our loss. The crisis of bereave-


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HE seventeenth century was in all respects the great age of Sweden. A line of kings, the like of which scarcely any other country can boast, extended the boundaries of the country by successful wars, and promoted the development of Sweden's natural resources with great wisdom. It is true the country could not maintain itself in the eminence to which it had been raised, for its resources had been too severely taxed by the long and frequent wars, and they were not sufficient to make Sweden one of the great European powers permanently. But the proud consciousness of power, that all these great deeds had aroused among the people, gave the impulse to a greater activity in every direction, and thus also in literature. In the intellectual field it was, however, in many respects only the seed that was planted, and the ripening of the fruit was reserved for a later time. All the Swedish Kings of the seventeenth century, but especially Gustav Adolph and Karl XII, took a deep and lively interest in the arts and sciences. The former founded schools and colleges, and at a great sacrifice of his private fortune he infused a new life into the Upsala University, which had fallen into decay during the agitations of the Reformation period, but which now rose again to great importance. The regency during the minority of Karl XI founded in 1668 the University of Lund, and the king himself established several scientific institutions. At the instigation of Queen


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 Jaipur.

THE ruling family of Jaipur belongs to the Kuchwaha clan of Rajputs, one of the thirty-six royal races of India, and claims its descent from Rama, King of Ayodhya (the modern Fyzabad in Oudh), between whom and Tej Karan, generally known as Dhola Rai, who founded the Jaipur State in 967 A.D., are said to have intervened thirty-four generations. Jaipur, from an early period of its history, was divided into numerous separate principalities possessing their own rulers and their own courts, but all acknowledging the supremacy of the Mahomedan Emperors of India, to whom the Jaipur House furnished some of their most distinguished military leaders.

Among the more illustrious members of the family is Raja Man Singh (1590' 1614 A.D.), the nephew and successor of Raja Bhagwan Das, whose brilliant services to the Emperor of Delhi in subduing the whole of Orissa, were rewarded by his being invested, consecutively, with the government of Bengal, Behar, and also of the Deccan.

Raja Jai Singh I, who came to the gadi in 1622 A.D., was a great military commander in the time of Aurangzeb, from whom he obtaind the title of Mirza Raja, and the mansub of 6,000. Being given to vain boasting of his power, he awakened the jealousy of the Emperor, who is said to have instigated his son, Kirat Singh, to assassinate him in 1668 A.D.

In 1699 A.D., Jai Singh II, known as Sawai Jai Singh succeeded to the State. The appellation 'Sawai' expressive of the bearer's superiority over others, especially in bravery and sagacity, was conferred upon him by the Emperor, and is retained by his descendants even to this day. Jai Singh was remarkable for his intellectual capacity, his engineering and architectural skill, and his liberal contribution to science and art. He was famous as a skilled mathematician and a painstaking and accurate astronomical observer. It was during his rule that the present city of Jaipur was laid out and built, where he transferred the seat of government from the ancient capital Amber in 1728 A.D.

The destruction of the Mahomedan supremacy over the Rajput states was followed by the depredations of the Mahrattas, whose exorbitant demands literally impoverished the treasury and crippled the resources of the Jaipur State, a condition of affairs which was made all the more unsatisfactory by the : wasteful extravagance and profligacy which marked the reign of Jagat Singh, who succeeded at this period (1803 A.D.). Jagat Singh was followed by his posthumous son, Jai Singh HI, who died in 1835 A.D., leaving the gadi to Ram Singh.

In 1 835 A.D. a serious riot took place in Jaipur, and British officers were murder- ously attacked by the rebels. The British Government at once intervened, and a Council of Regency was appointed. Maharaja Ram Singh received full powers in 1851 A.D. In the Mutiny of 1857 A.D. he assisted the British Government with all the resources at his command, for which he was rewarded with the grant of the pargana of Kot Kasim. In 1862 A.D. he obtained the sanad of adoption; in 1863 A.D. he was created G.C.S.I.; his personal salute was raised from 19 to 21 guns at the Delhi Durbar


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, like other large empires, is divided into several extensive provinces, principally inhabited by Hindoos and Mussulmans. The latter admit but a small degree of variety in their domestic and religious usages, while the Hindoos of each province, particularly those of Bengal, are distinguished by peculiarities of dialect, habits, dress, and forms of worship; and notwithstanding they unanimously consider their ancient legislators as inspired writers, collectively revealing human duties, nevertheless there exist manifest discrepancies among them in the received precepts of civil law.

2. When we examine the language spoken in Bengal, we find it widely different from that of any part of the western provinces, (though both derived from the same origin;) so that the inhabitants of the upper country require long residence to understand the dialect of Bengal; and although numbers of the natives of the upper provinces, residing in Bengal, in various occupations, have seemingly familiarized themselves to the Bengalees, yet the former are imperfectly understood, and distantly associated with by the latter. The language of Tellingana and other provinces of the Dukhun not being of Sunskrit origin, is still more strikingly different from the language of Bengal and the dialects of the upper provinces. The variety observable in their respective


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332 Christina a number of foreign scholars were invited to the country, such as Cartesius, Hugo Grotius, Loccenius and others. The nobility also distinguished themselves in the sciences and counted many eminent and learned men in their ranks. In brief the intellectual industry corresponded well to the position which Sweden occupied in other respects during this century.

, the father of Swedish poetry, was the central figure of the intellectual life during this epoch. He was born in 1598, and was the son of a poor miner in Dalarne. At an early age he distinguished himself by his talents and application, and after completing his education during a protracted sojourn abroad Gustav Adolph appointed him a lecturer in the Vesterås college, where he had received his elementary training. But his extensive knowledge soon opened to him a wider field of activity in various eminent positions. Gustav Adolph raised him to the peerage, on which occasion he abandoned the name Göran Lilje, which he had inherited from the noble family of his great grandmother, and he now assumed the name which he rendered so famous. For some time he was the court poet of Queen Christina, and as such enjoyed great favor, but he fell into disgrace on the well-founded suspicion that he belonged to the opposition. This did not, however, diminish his great reputation among the people, by whom he was regarded as Sweden's first poet, as one of her great scholars, and as the leader in intellectual circles, but still he died poor in the year 1672.

Stjernhjelm was a splendid example of the humane culture of his time. As linguist, historian, scientist, jurist, mathematician and philosopher he was equally distinguished, and in several of these branches he broke entirely new ground. But he attained the highest rank as a poet. In the history of Swedish poetry he occupies the same place as Martin Opitz in Germany, being the first to apply the new principles growing out of the renaissance. These he adapted to the character of the Swedish language and people, and thus he laid the founda-


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214 habits, and forms of dress and of worship, is by no means less striking than that of their respective languages, as must be sufficiently apparent in ordinary intercourse with these people.

3. As to the rules of civil law, similar differences have always existed. The Dayubhagu, a work by, treating of inheritance, has been regarded by the natives of Bengal as of authority paramount to the rest of the digests of the sacred authorities : while the Mitakshura, by , is upheld, in like manner, throughout the upper provinces, and a great part of the Dukhun. The natives of Bengal and those of the upper provinces believe alike in the sacred and authoritative character of the writings of, and of the other legislating saints : but the former receive those precepts according to the interpretation given them by Jeemootvahun, while the latter rely on the explanation of them by Vignaneshwur. The more modern author, Jeemootvahun, has often found occasion to differ from the other in interpreting sacred passages according to his own views, most frequently supported by sound reasoning; and there have been thus created everlasting dissensions among their respective adherents, particularly with regard to the law of inheritance.

4. An European reader will not be surprised at the differences I allude to, when he observes the discrepancies existing between the Greek, Armenian, Catholic, Protestant, and Baptist churches, who, though they all appeal to the same authority, materially differ from each other in many practical points, owing to the different


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Rh interpretations giving to  passages  of the  Bible  by the commentators they respectively follow.

5. For farther elucidation I here quote a few remarks from the preface to the translation of the Dayubhagu and of a part of the Mitakshura, by Mr. Colebrooke, well known in the literary world, which are as follows. “It (the present volume) comprehends the celebrated treatise of Jeemootvahun on succession, which is constantly cited by the lawyers of Bengal, under the emphatic title of Dayubhagu, or ‘inheritance’; and an extract from the still more celebrated Mitakshura, comprising so much of this work as relates to inheritance. The range of its authority and influence is far more extensive than that of Jeemootvahun’s treatise, for it is received in all the schools of Hindoo law, from Benares to the Southern, extremety of the peninsulah of India, as the chief groundwork of the doctrines which they follow, and as an authority from which they follow, and as an authority from which they rarely dissent.” (p. 4.) “The Bengal school alone, having taken for its guide Jeemootvahun’s treatise, which is, on almost every disputed point, opposite in doctrine to the Mitakshura, has no deference for its authority.” (p. 4.) “But (between the Dayubhagu and the abridgments of its doctrines) the preference appeared to be decidedly due to the treatise of Jeemootvahun himself, as well because he was the founder of this school, being the author of the doctrine which it has adopted, as because the subjects which he discusses, are treated by him with eminent ability and great precision.” (p. 5.) The following is a saying current among the learned of Bengal, confirming the opinion offered by Mr. Colebrooke:


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Rh tion of a really artistic poetic literature. "It must be admitted," says Atterbom, "that his works evince, to a higher degree than he was himself conscious, un-Swedish, especially German, associations, but at the same time they show a view of life, a vigor of intellect, a style and character, in which the antique and Swedish elements are blended in harmony and beauty." He possessed abundantly all the conditions required for the solution of the problem of the age, which consisted in creating for Sweden a poetry on the basis of the culture which the humanistic movement had produced, and which had taken its principal nourishment from the old classical literature. For he was not only himself thoroughly imbued with this culture, but he was also the true poet, intimately familiar with the popular life and natural scenery of his country. In his poems he knew how to strike a chord, which by its national and homely ring was intelligible to all, and which at once secured him a generous recognition. His language is marked by great purity, and his poems reveal the perfect master of style. They may seem discursive and insipid to us, but still they are pervaded by a peculiarly fresh breath of life, and it is not difficult to understand why they enjoyed the unqualified admiration of the poet's own generation, and were for a long time regarded as unsurpassed models of perfection. This particularly applies to his epic-didactic poem, written in hexameters, "Hercules," in which "Lady Pleasure" and "Lady Virtue" vie with each other in enticing the hero to their side. There is no lack of allusions to the noblemen of Queen Christina's court, and this fact must have furnished an added charm for the readers of that period. Another poem also written in hexameters, "Bröllopsbesvärs ihugkommelse" (Recollections of wedding vexations), is more in harmony with the taste of our own time. It is the first of those humorous, lyric compositions, which are peculiar to the literature of Sweden and which constitute one of its chief ornaments. For the court festivals of Queen Christina he wrote several ballets and "processions," of which "then fångne Cupido " is the most


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 heaven to be with you after all these strangers. It’s like coming out of prison.

Come and sit down, now.

(pointing to the armchair, facing audience) : You sit there. I’ll sit on the floor, by your side.

[''She sits. He sits by her, on the floor, holding her hand''.

(After a pause) Margaret when I sit here with you  like this  I can’t believe all they tell me  all of that time that’s been wiped out. They told me you’d changed. You haven’t to me. Tell me do I seem old, to you?

There’s grey in my hair. Does that matter?

I want to hear it in your voice. They’ve all called me dear and darling strangers’ voices  and it meant nothing. But you your voice Say it again.

(kissing her hand) : Oh, Margaret beloved. (A silence.) This is peace! I wanted to take you into the garden down to the pond.


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334 successful. Stjernhjelm employed several poetic metres that had hitherto been unknown in Sweden, but which soon became generally adopted, as for instance the Alexandrines.

The results of Stjernhjelm's poetical activity may be summed up by stating that the language, which up to that time had been hard and unmanageable, by his pen received a form more adapted to poetry, and received certain impulses that led to a still richer development; that new forms of versification were introduced and that poetry in general received a definite direction. It scarcely needs to be mentioned that Stjernhjelm adopted foreign models, for his great classical learning naturally led him into this course, which was at that time common throughout Europe, but his marked originality made him far more independent than were the most of his contemporaries. Among his successors none were his equals. They were for the, most part imitators and insipid rhymesters, though it must be admitted that they aided in giving the language more scope and harmony. The most notable among his followers were (1642-79), who on account of his odes was surnamed the "Swedish Flaccus," and  (died 1699), whose erotic song, "Elisandra," continued for a long time to be the object of admiration and imitation.

By the side of this tendency of which Stjernhjelm and his pupils were the representatives, and which was based on the classical literature, there sprang up another, which may be called the romantic school, and which assumed the role of combating the formality of the other. The latter took its models from Italy, and was also greatly influenced by the Lohenstein school of Germany. One of the most distinguished representatives of this tendency was (1619-84), who, however, scarcely rose above mere formality. His chief merit consisted in a skilful adaptation of foreign poetry to the Swedish language, as an example of which we


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 ment has an acute pang which goads to exertion; the desolate after-feeling sometimes paralyzes. I have learnt that we are not to find solace in our own strength; we must seek it in God's omnipotence. Fortitude is good; but fortitude itself must be shaken under us to teach us how weak we are!"

All through this illness of Anne's, Charlotte had the comfort of being able to talk to her about her state; a comfort rendered inexpressibly great by the contrast which it presented to the recollection of Emily's rejection of all sympathy. If a proposal for Anne's benefit was made, Charlotte could speak to her about it, and the nursing and dying sister could consult with each other as to its desirability. I have seen but one of Anne's letters; it is the only time we seem to be brought into direct personal contact with this gentle, patient girl. In order to give the requisite preliminary explanation, I must state that the family of friends, to which E belonged, proposed that Anne should come to them; in order to try what change of air and diet, and the company of kindly people could do towards restoring her to health. In answer to this proposal, Charlotte writes:—

1em

"I read your kind note to Anne, and she wishes me to thank you sincerely for your friendly proposal. She feels, of course, that it would not do to take advantage of it, by quartering an invalid upon the inhabitants of


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 There’s a boat there just like those other days. A punt I always think of you in a punt, in your white dress, coming across from Monkey to take me over.

I wonder if I could any more.

It’s not a thing you can forget. I must take you down to the pond. It’s raining to-day you must come again. How is old Monkey Island? Do you ever go there now?

William’s Mr. Grey my husband.

They told me so.

I was a June bride.

(after a moment’s shadow across her face) : No.

Did you leave there when you married?

I’m sorry. I liked your father.

He was kind, was dad. He liked you, too, Chris but he never knew  about us. I’d never told him, I’ve never told anyone till now.


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 : Nor I. At least, I suppose I haven’t. I don’t know what I’ve done these last fifteen years. I never meant to. Go on.

 * William and I went down last September. I’d been wanting to go back for years, but we’d been living all over the place. William’s chest is weak, and for years he had to live by the sea we were two years at Southend.

He died last year and left William the house it’s not a nice house  but I was glad, because it reminded me of you and your home, being so near. Often I used to walk over and look at this place it’s a lovely place.

There are so many changes. They say I made them.

You must have worked hard to keep all this up. I used to look at it and think about you. I knew you were at the Front. I read it in the papers. I used to read the casualty lists, frightened to see your name you were the only officer I knew. (Suddenly breaking off) Oh, Chris I’m so sorry  have you had your tea?

I’m so sorry.


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104* and they his pagan things. Sylvester who wanted him to join the faith did not insist that the Emperor give up everything pagan if he desired to become a Christian; no, instead he was admitted with all that poison among the Christians.

Even though he became a Christian, he still ruled over the pagans, for, although there was a true congregation of Christians in Rome, there were also all kinds of pagans. He held courts and discharged other offices and duties among the pagans, through the authority of compulsion in accordance with pagan right and law. Later he gave freedom to all of them to be come Christian if they so desired, with the promise that he would not persecute them as he had before. So: first he came to the Christian religion with pagan rule, offices and laws, then he continued in that practice, and many others after him, taking part in Christian spiritual matters. And there can be no doubt but that he made them partake of pagan features with which he came to them

Here is the proof of pagandeedspagan deeds [sic]: let him who wants to read reckon the number of the beast, and seeking he shall find nothing (in the beast) that is of Christ. Concerning Caesar's fusion of faith with paganism it is written: "Today the poison has been poured into the Church of Christ."

Rev. 13:18. With Irenaeus and many others, Chelc̄icky̍ interprets the beast to stand for the power of Rome.

See ,

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 ; but she intimates there is another way in which you might serve her, perhaps with some benefit to yourself as well as to her. Should it, a month or two hence, be deemed advisable that she should go either to the sea-side, or to some inland watering-place—and should papa be disinclined to move, and I consequently obliged to remain at home—she asks, could you be her companion? Of course I need not add that in the event of such an arrangement being made, you would be put to no expense. This, dear E., is Anne's proposal; I make it to comply with her wish; but for my own part, I must add that I see serious objections to your accepting it—objections I cannot name to her. She continues to vary; is sometimes worse, and sometimes better, as the weather changes; but, on the whole, I fear she loses strength. Papa says her state is most precarious; she may be spared for some time, or a sudden alteration might remove her before we are aware. Were such an alteration to take place while she was far from home, and alone with you, it would be terrible. The idea of it distresses me inexpressibly, and I tremble whenever she alludes to the project of a journey. In short, I wish we could gain time, and see how she gets on. If she leaves home, it certainly should not be in the capricious month of May, which is proverbially trying to the weak. June would be a safer month. If we could reach June, I should have good hopes of her getting through the summer. Write such an answer to this note as I can show Anne. You can write any additional remarks to


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 : I don’t want tea.

(rising) : Oh, but you must have tea. I wonder if this has got cold. (Feels the pot.) Do have a cup do let me give you some.

[He rises too.

(pouring out) : It used to be milk and three lumps.

(She passes the cup. He sits.) Anything to eat?

I miss your ducks’ eggs.

(pleased) : Oh the ducks’ eggs. No one ever had ducks’ eggs like father did. It was his way of feeding them. It didn’t pay, of course, but they were good. Do you know, Chris when you came down first to Monkey Island, you were so fine and good-looking I thought you must be someone royal  and then, when you kept on coming, I thought it must be the ducks’ eggs. They were good!

(They smile happily at each other.) But that wasn’t why I came.

They were nothing like as good as his ducks, but, then, I expect they paid. A nice couple they are, father


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 and daughter just like me and dad, and Mr. Taylor’s something of dad’s cut, too. But Miss Taylor’s much handsomer than ever I was; a really big girl, she is, and such lovely red hair hardly natural, it looks, but I don’t think she touches it up.

The place, I mean, not her hair.

Just like old times. Oh, it was queer being there again and, do you know, when we got to the ferry, Mr. Grey says, “But, mercy, Margaret, there’s water all round it!’ And I said, “William, that’s just it.” More tea, Chris?

(He passes it.) I did wish I was back there, but of course I could never have kept it on alone, and Mr. Grey has no experience of the innkeeping business, and I think he’d find it lonely. He’s a sociable man, and Monkey Island’s not much for company. [She returns the cup.

I was a mother’s help, first of all with an Irish family that had seen better days nice people they were  but they ran away and left me in a hotel in Brighton, with my wages owing and the bill not paid. Why did they do it? I liked them so. The baby was a darling, and Mrs. Murphy


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 GERMAN ANTIGUERRILLA OPERATIONS IN THE BALKANS (1941–1944) tion of any such reprisals for a premature rising of the forces under his command. Thus, Chetnik operations were generally restricted to small-scale actions and sabotage.

It was the communist irregulars who adopted the name of Partisan and made it synonymous with guerrilla. Under Tito, born Josip Broz in Croatia, converted to communism while a prisoner of war of the Russians at the time of the Red Revolution, and Secretary General of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia since 1937, the Partisan movement received its start in Belgrade immediately after the surrender to the Germans. In August 1941 Tito moved his headquarters into the field and took over command of the growing Partisan forces. The antiroyalist policy of the Partisans and anticommunist attitude of the Chetniks soon led to a fratricidal conflict between the two, a cleavage the Germans were quick to turn to their own advantage. Whereas the Chetniks comprised mostly local units to be called up as needed, the Partisans had a great number of large and active mobile units capable of moving about the country and not tied down to any particular locality. As a consequence, the Partisans were not as hesitant as the Chetniks to engage in operations for which the occupying forces would exact severe reprisals, a development that incurred further the enmity of the Chetniks. A conflict within a conflict soon developed, with one Yugoslav force attacking the other while that force was already engaged against occupation troops.

In some cases the Partisans were given credit for Chetnik attacks against the occupation forces and their auxiliaries; on the other hand, the Chetniks were credited with successful Partisan forays. To complicate matters further, there were also guerrilla bands operating under no other authority than their own. Thus, German references to Partisans did not necessarily mean the forces of Tito, but rather the Yugoslav resistance forces in general, regardless of political sympathies. As well as the European Axis came to know them, it could not always distinguish one group from the other, and came to use the word Partisan in its broadest sense.

The most important guerrilla operation in 1941 took place against the Italians in Montenegro. Ruggedly independent, the Montenegrins on 13 July swarmed down in well-coordinated attacks on the Italian garrisons scattered throughout their mountain state. Taken by surprise, the occupation forces were destroyed or thrown back on their major garrison towns and communications centers. Returning with strong ground, naval, and air forces, the Italians required almost a year to put down the rising, and managed to accomplish it only by enlisting the aid of the Chetniks. Stipulations in the agreement with local Chetnik leaders required the Italians to restrict themselves to the garrison towns and main communication and transportation lines.


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 The Five-Point Star

By

Dank Is the fog that dogs our steps,

The mist that twists in siren shapes,

Edging us on to ledges him

Where Death, expectant, grimly gapes.

Baleful the light, though beautiful,

That leads to those seductive arms

Whose clasp is death and burial

Beneat the bullfrog's late alarms.

Weary of too much travelling,

Wary of leaders who mislead,

We know not how to stay nor start,

Nor to go back, nor to proceed.

Sudden upon the blood stained sky,

Bright like a bayonet afar,

Cleaving the dark, the doubt, the death,

Rises the pilot Five Point Star.

Russia, salute! Not to your lands,

But to your toiling working class

Who broke the spears of all the Czars

Upon their breasts, that we might pass

From haunted days, and hunted ways.

(Poor harried slaves, who breath by stealth!)

Through Revolution's iron gates

To the Industrial Commonwealth!


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 had such a nice way of speaking. But it almost makes one think evil of people when they do a thing like that. And the hotel people were so rude

Where was I? Why did all this have to happen to you? My darling, why weren’t we together?

You’d written, and I hadn’t had your letters.

Didn’t you write to me?

You see, we'd quarrelled, you and I. Do you remember a silly quarrel, but

[He falls on his knees beside her.

Oh, Margaret, forgive me. I was so stupid and jealous and cruel do forgive me.

After fifteen years, Chris?

(deflated suddenly): Fifteen years? I’d forgotten. I thought it was last week. It’s the last I remember.

Is it? Oh, Margaret how cruel life can be Never to give us a chance to make it up and be happy  and it was all my selfish fault. Oh, my dear my dear

[He buries his head in her lap.


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22 In turn, the Chetniks maintained control over the countryside and kept it free of Partisans, drawing on Italian stocks for arms and ammunition.

This general rising cost the Montenegrins dearly—15,000 dead and wounded and an additional 10,000 of the sparse mountain population shipped off to forced labor. The arrangement with the Chetniks also set the pattern for the Italian occupation—troops seldom moved out of the garrison towns, and then only along the main roads and in strength, accompanied by armored vehicles and often under air cover.

One other major countermeasure by the Italian occupation forces against the irregulars was undertaken in July of 1942 when Generale di Corpo D'Armata (Lieutenant General) Mario Robotti launched a drive against the Partisans in Slovenia. Committing 7 army divisions, 2 Blackshirt battalions, and Slovene auxiliaries, General Robotti managed to surround the enemy. Several thousand casualties were inflicted on the Partisans, and the survivors were routed. The Partisan movement in Slovenia in this operation suffered a setback from which it did not recover for months.

Guerrilla activities against the Germans in Yugoslavia commenced shortly after the cessation of formal hostilities. However, in the beginning, open resistance to the German forces was on a smaller scale than in the Italian-occupied areas, and the guerrillas conducted themselves more cautiously. With the departure, by late June 1941, of the bulk of the combat troops for Operation BARBAROSSA, the WB Southeast reported an increasing number of sabotage incidents. Road and railroad bridges were blown; telephone and telegraph lines were cut; trains derailed; German military vehicles, traveling either alone or in convoy, fired on or destroyed; and isolated detachments guarding industrial and military installations attacked. During July and August there were also daily attacks on Serbian police posts to obtain weapons and on villages to obtain food. Standing crops were burned, banks robbed, and a general state of uncertainty and unrest created.

A number of small-scale operations by the 704th, 714th, 717th, and 718th Infantry Divisions, dispersed over Serbia and the German zone of interest in Croatia, resulted in a large number of casualties and arrests, but accomplished little in effectively curbing the guerrilla movement. Nor did the shooting of hostages or burning of homes of suspects and whole communities suspected of sheltering the guerrillas achieve the desired results. By 5 September the WB Southeast realized that the situation could not be mastered with the forces at hand and ordered the 125th Infantry Regiment (Separate) from the Salonika area to Belgrade.

It was now obvious that a strong, well-organized, and adequately armed revolt was underway in northwestern Serbia, and that the


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Page:Poems for Workers - ed. Manuel Gomez (1925).djvu/56

 Out From Siberia

By

I hear the tramp of thousands of men

Coming from prisons and haunts of gloom.

Out from Siberia’s living tomb—

Russia greeting her own again.

Oh, this is the happiest army of men

Who fought for freedom with passionate zeal,

A fight more brave than of steel on steel—

Russia welcomes her own again.