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 him about his home and his family, and about this and that; and confessed at length that his zither-playing gave her great pleasure, and that she would take him for her husband. The stranger replied that it was with that intent he had come.

The princess then said: ‘You must now go to my father, and tell him you desire to have me to wife, and when he has put the three problems before you, then come back and tell me.’

The stranger then went straight to the king, and told him that he wished to wed his daughter.

And the king answered: ‘I shall be well pleased, provided you can do what I impose upon you; if not you will lose your head. Now, listen; out there on the ground, there lies a thick log, which measures more than two fathoms; if you can cleave it in two with one stroke of your sword, I will give you my daughter to wife. If you fail, then it will cost you your head.’

Then the stranger withdrew, and returned to the house of the old woman sore distressed, for he could believe nothing but that next day he must atone to the king with his head. And so full was he of the idea of how to set about cleaving the log that he forgot even his zither.

In the evening came the princess to the window to listen to his playing, and behold all was still. Then she called to him: ‘Why are you so cast down this evening, that you do not play on your zither?’

And he told her his trouble.

But she laughed at it, and called to him: ‘And you grieve over that? Bring quickly your zither, and play something for my amusement, and early to-morrow come to me.’

Then the stranger took his zither and played the whole evening for the amusement of the princess.

Next morning she took a hair from her locks and gave it to him, saying: ‘Take this hair, and wind it round

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Rh

Nought I care for sea-borne raiment;

Wheaten bread I do not value.

I will walk in home-spun garments,

And with crusts will still my hunger,

In my dearest father’s dwelling,

And beside my much-loved mother.”

From her breast she took the crosslet,

Drew the rings from off her fingers,

From her neck the beaded necklace,

From her head the scarlet ribands.

Down upon the ground she threw them,

Scattered them among the bushes;

Then she hastened, ever weeping,

Loud lamenting, to the homestead.

At the window sat her father,

While he carved a hatchet-handle.

“Wherefore weepest thou, my daughter,

Young, and yet so full of sadness?”

“Cause enough have I for weeping,

Cause for weeping and lamenting.

Therefore weep I, dearest father,

Weep, and feel so full of sorrow.

From my breast I lost the crosslet,

From my belt I dropped the buckle,

From my breast my silver crosslet,

From my waist the copper girdle.”

At the gate, her brother sitting,

For the sledge was shaping runners.

“Wherefore weepest thou, my sister,

Young, and yet so full of sorrow?”

“Cause enough have I for weeping,

Cause for weeping and lamenting.

Therefore do I weep, poor brother,

Weep, and feel so full of sorrow.

Rings I lost from off my fingers,

From my neck my beaded necklace,

And my finger-rings were golden,

And my necklace-beads were silver.”

At the window sat her sister,

As she wove a golden girdle.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

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 your sword, then you will be able to cleave the log in two.’

Then the stranger went forth, and with one blow cleft the log in two.

But the king said: ‘I will impose another task upon you, before you can wed my daughter.’

‘Speak on,’ said the stranger.

‘Listen, then,’ answered the king; ‘you must mount a horse and ride three miles at full gallop, holding in each hand a goblet full of water. If you spill no drop then I shall give you my daughter to wife, but should you not succeed then I will take your life.’

Then the stranger returned to the house of the old woman, and again he was so troubled as to forget his zither.

In the evening the princess came to the window as before to listen to the music, but again all was still; and she called to him: ‘What is the matter that you do not play on your zither?’

Then he related all that the king had ordered him to do, and the princess answered: ‘Do not let yourself be disturbed, only play now, and come to me to-morrow morning.’

Then next morning he went to her, and she gave him her ring, saying: ‘Throw this ring into the water and it will immediately freeze, so that you will not spill any.’

The stranger did as the princess bade him, and carried the water all the way.

Then the king said: ‘Now I will give you a third task, and this shall be the last. I have a negro who will fight with you to-morrow, and if you are the conqueror you shall wed my daughter.’

The stranger returned, full of joy, to the house of the old woman, and that evening was so merry that the princess called to him: ‘You seem very cheerful this evening; what has my father told you that makes you so glad?’

He answered: ‘Your father has told me that to

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 Rh it this time. I’ll not be caught in one of these again.

The hotel? All right, I’m getting out. My hotel? But what is it they have done to it? They must have added ten stories to it. It reaches to the sky. But I’ll not try to look to the top of it. Not with this satchel in my hand: no, sir! I’ll wait till I’m safe inside. In there I’ll feel all right. They’ll know me in there. They’ll remember right away my visit in the fall of ’86. They won’t easily have forgotten that big dinner I gave—nine people at a dollar fifty a plate, with the cigars extra. The clerk will remember me, all right.

Know me? Not they. The clerk know me! How could he? For it seems now there isn’t any clerk, or not as there used to be. They have subdivided him somehow into five or six. There is a man behind a desk, a majestic sort of man, waving his hand. It would be sheer madness to claim acquaintance with him. There is another with a great book, adjusting cards in it; and another, behind glass labelled “Cashier,” and busy as a bank; there are two with mail and telegrams. They are all too busy to know me.

Shall I sneak up near to them, keeping my satchel in my hand? I wonder, do they see me? Can they see me, a mere thing like me? I am within ten feet of them, but I am certain

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 Rh that they cannot see me. I am, and I feel it, absolutely invisible.

Ha! One has seen me. He turns to me, or rather he rounds upon me, with the words “Well, sir?” That, and nothing else, sharp and hard. There is none of the ancient kindly pretence of knowing my name, no reaching out a welcome hand and calling me Mr. Er—Er—till he has read my name upside down while I am writing it, and can address me as a familiar friend. No friendly questioning about the crops in my part of the country. The crops, forsooth! What do these young men know about crops?

A room? Had I any reservation? Any which? Any reservation. Oh, I see, had I written down from home to say that I was coming? No, I had not because the truth is I came at very short notice. I didn’t know till a week before that my brother-in-law He is not listening. He has moved away. I will stand and wait till he comes back. I am intruding here; I had no right to disturb these people like this.

Oh, I can have a room at eleven o’clock. When it is which?—is vacated. Oh, yes, I see, when the man in it gets up and goes away. I didn’t for the minute catch on to what the word He has stopped listening.

Never mind, I can wait. From eight to

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Runo IV]

“Wherefore weepest thou, poor sister,

Young, and yet so full of sorrow?”

“Cause enough have I for weeping,

Cause for weeping and lamenting.

Therefore do I weep, poor sister,

Weep and feel so full of sorrow.

From my brow the gold has fallen,

From my hair I lost the silver,

Tore the blue bands from my temples,

From my head the scarlet braiding.”

On the threshold of the storehouse,

Skimming milk, she found her mother.

“Wherefore weepest thou, my daughter,

Young, and yet so full of sorrow?”

“O my mother, who hast borne me,

O my mother, who hast nursed me,

Cause enough have I for anguish,

Cause enough for bitter sorrow.

Therefore do I weep, poor mother,

Therefore grieve I, O my mother,

To the wood I went for besoms,

Gathered bath-whisks from the bushes;

One I gathered for my father,

One I gathered for my mother,

And I gathered yet another,

For my young and ruddy brother.

As I turned my footsteps homeward,

And across the heath was tripping,

From the dell there called Osmoinen,

From the field cried Kalevainen,

“Do not wear, fair maid, for others,

But for me alone, poor maiden,

Round thy neck a beaded necklace,

And a cross upon thy bosom.

Plait for me thy beauteous tresses,

Braid thy hair with silken ribands.”

“From my breast I took the crosslet,

From my neck the beaded necklace,

Tore the blue bands from my temples,

From my head the scarlet ribands,

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text:
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 Rh eleven is only three hours, anyway. I will move about here and look at things. If I keep moving they will notice me less. Ha! books and newspapers and magazines—what a stack of them! Like a regular book-store. I will stand here and take a look at some of them. Eh! what’s that? Did I want to buy anything? Well, no, I hadn’t exactly—I was just-Oh, I see, they’re on sale. All right, yes, give me this one—fifty cents—all right—and this and these others. That’s all right, miss, I’m not stingy. They always say of me up in our town that when I She has stopped listening.

Never mind. I will walk up and down again with the magazines under my arm. That will make people think I live here. Better still if I could put the magazines in my satchel. But how? There is no way to set it down and undo the straps. I wonder if I could dare put it for a minute on that table, the polished one? Or no, they wouldn’t likely allow a man to put a bag there.

Well, I can wait. Anyway, it’s eight o’clock and soon, surely, breakfast will be ready. As soon as I hear the gong I can go in there. I wonder if I could find out first where the dining-room is. It used always to be marked across the door, but I don’t seem to see it. Darn it, I’ll ask that man in uniform. If

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38

Then upon the ground I threw them,

Scattered them among the bushes,

And I answered him in this wise:

“Not for thee, and not for others,

Rests my cross upon my bosom,

And my hair is bound with ribands.

Nought I care for sea-borne raiment,

Wheaten bread I do not value.

I will walk in home-spun garments,

And with crusts will still my hunger,

In my dearest father’s dwelling,

And beside my much-loved mother.”

And her mother answered thus wise,

Said the old crone to the maiden,

“Do not weep, my dearest daughter,

Do not grieve (and thou so youthful);

Eat a whole year long fresh butter,

That your form may grow more rounded,

Eat thou pork the second season,

That your form may grow more charming,

And the third year eat thou cream-cakes,

That you may become more lovely.

Seek the storehouse on the mountain,

There the finest chamber open.

There are coffers piled on coffers,

Chests in heaps on chests are loaded,

Open then the finest coffer,

Raise the painted lid with clangour,

There you’ll find six golden girdles,

Seven blue robes of finest texture,

Woven by the Moon’s own daughter,

By the Sun’s own daughter fashioned.

“In the days when I was youthful,

In my youthful days of girlhood,

In the wood I sought for berries,

Gathered raspberries on the mountain,

Heard the moonlight’s daughter weaving,

And the sunlight’s daughter spinning,

There beside the wooded island,

On the borders of the greenwood.

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 morrow I must fight with his negro. He is only another man like myself, and I hope to subdue him, and to gain the contest.’

But the princess answered: ‘This is the hardest of all. I myself am the black man, for I swallow a drink that changes me into a negro of unconquerable strength. Go to-morrow morning to the market, buy twelve buffalo hides and wrap them round your horse; fasten this cloth round you, and when I am let loose upon you to-morrow show it to me, that I may hold myself back and may not kill you. Then when you fight me you must try to hit my horse between the eyes, for when you have killed it you have conquered me.’

Next morning, therefore, he went to the market and bought the twelve buffalo hides which he wrapped round his horse. Then he began to fight with the black man, and when the combat had already lasted a long time, and eleven hides were torn, then the stranger hit the negro’s horse between the eyes, so that it fell dead, and the black man was defeated.

Then said the king: ‘Because you have solved the three problems I take you for my son-in-law.’

But the stranger answered: ‘I have some business to conclude first; in fourteen days I will return and bring the bride home.’

So he arose and went into another country, where he came to a great town, and alighted at the house of an old woman. When he had had supper he begged of her some water to drink, but she answered: ‘My son, I have no water; a giant has taken possession of the spring, and only lets us draw from it once a year, when we bring him a maiden. He eats her up, and then he lets us draw water; just now it is the lot of the king’s daughter, and to-morrow she will be led forth.’

The next day accordingly the princess was led forth to the spring, and bound there with a golden chain. After that all the people went away and she was left alone.

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 Rh I’m here prepared to spend my good money to get breakfast I guess I’m not scared to ask a simple question of a man in uniform. Or no, I’ll not ask him. I’ll try this one—or no, he’s busy. I’ll ask this other boy. Say, would you mind, if you please, telling me, please, which way the dining-room—Eh, what? Do I want which? The grill room or the palm room? Why, I tell you, young man, I just wanted to get some breakfast if it’s—what? Do I want what? I didn’t quite get that—à la carte? No, thanks—and, what’s that? table de what? in the palm room? No, I just wanted—but it doesn’t matter. I’ll wait ’round here and look about till I hear the gong. Don’t worry about me.

What’s that? What’s that boy shouting out—that boy with the tray? A call for Mr. Something or Other—say, must be something happened pretty serious! A call for Mr.—why, that’s for me! Hullo! ''Here I am! Here, it’s Me! Here I am''—wanted at the desk? all right, I’m coming, I’m hurrying. I guess something’s wrong at home, eh! Here I am. That’s my name. I’m ready.

Oh, a room. You’ve got a room for me. All right. The fifteenth floor! Good heavens! Away up there! Never mind, I’ll take it. Can’t give me a bath? That’s all right. I had one.

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text: Frenzied Fiction/Lost in New York

title: Frenzied Fiction/Lost in New York


text:
Page:Frenzied Fiction.djvu/170

 Rh Elevator over this way? All right, I’ll come along. Thanks, I can carry it. But I don’t see any elevator? Oh, this door in the wall? Well! I’m hanged. This the elevator! It certainly has changed. The elevator that I remember had a rope in the middle of it, and you pulled the rope up as you went, wheezing and clanking all the way to the fifth floor. But this looks a queer sort of machine. How do you do—Oh, I beg your pardon. I was in the road of the door, I guess. Excuse me, I’m afraid I got in the way of your elbow. It’s all right, you didn’t hurt—or, not bad.

Gee whiz! It goes fast. Are you sure you can stop it? Better be careful, young man. There was an elevator once in our town that—fifteenth floor? All right.

This room, eh! Great Scott, it’s high up. Say, better not go too near that window, boy. That would be a hell of a drop if a feller fell out. You needn’t wait. Oh, I see. I beg your pardon. I suppose a quarter is enough, eh?

Well, it’s a relief to be alone. But say, this is high up! And what a noise! What is it they’re doing out there, away out in the air, with all that clatter—building a steel building, I guess. Well, those fellers have their nerve, all right. I’ll sit further back from the window.

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 When they had gone the stranger went to the maiden and asked her what ailed her that she lamented so much, and she answered that the reason was because the giant would come and eat her up. And the stranger promised that he would set her free if she would take him for her husband, and the princess joyfully consented.

When the giant appeared the stranger set his dog at him, and it took him by the throat and throttled him till he died; so the princess was set free.

Now when the king heard of it he gladly consented to the marriage, and the wedding took place with great rejoicings. The young bridegroom abode in the palace one hundred and one weeks. Then he began to find it too dull, and he desired to go out hunting. The king would fain have prevented it, but in this he could not succeed. Then he begged his son-in-law at least to take sufficient escort with him, but this, too, the young man evaded, and took only his horse and his dog.

He had ridden already a long way, when he saw in the distance a hut, and rode straight towards it in order to get some water to drink. There he found an old woman from whom he begged the water. She answered that first he should allow her to beat his dog with her little wand, that it might not bite her while she fetched the water. The hunter consented; and as soon as she had touched the dog with her wand it immediately turned to stone. Thereupon she touched the hunter and also his horse, and both turned to stone. As soon as that had happened, the cypress trees in front of his father’s house began to wither. And when the other brother saw this, he immediately set out in search of his twin. He came first to the town where his brother had slain the giant, and there fate led him to the same old woman where his brother had lodged. When she saw him she took him for him for his twin brother, and said to him: ‘Do not take it amiss of me, my son, that I did not come to wish you joy on your marriage with the king’s daughter.’

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Runo IV]

"Thereupon I softly neared them,

And beside them took my station,

And began to ask them gently,

In the words that I repeat you:

‘Give you of your gold, O Kuutar,

And your silver give, Päivätär,

To the maiden poorly dowered,

To the child who now implores you!’

“Then her gold did Kuutar give me,

And her silver gave Päivätär.

With the gold I decked my temples,

And adorned my head with silver,

Homeward like a flower I hastened,

Joyful, to my father’s dwelling.

“These I wore one day, a second,

Then upon the third day after

Took the gold from off my temples,

From my head removed the silver,

Took them to the mountain storehouse;

In the chest with care I laid them,

There until this day I left them,

And since then I have not seen them.

“Or thy brows bind silken ribands,

On thy temples gold adornments,

Round thy neck a beaded necklace,

On thy breast a golden crosslet.

Put thou on a shift of linen,

Of the finest flax that’s woven,

Lay thou on a robe of woollen,

Bind it with a silken girdle,

Then the finest silken stockings,

And of shoes the very finest,

Then in plaits thy hair arranging,

Bind it up with silken ribands,

Slip the gold rings on thy fingers,

Deck thy wrists with golden bracelets.

After this return thou homewards

From thy visit to the storehouse,

As the joy of all thy kindred,

And of all thy race the fairest,

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 The stranger perceived what mistake she had made, but only said: ‘That does not matter, old woman,’ and rode on, without further speech, to the king’s palace, where the king and the princess both took him for his twin brother, and called out: ‘Why have you tarried so long away? We thought something evil had befallen you.’

When night came and he slept with the princess, who still believed him to be her husband, he laid his sword between them, and when morning came he rose early and went out to hunt. Fate led him by the same way which his brother had taken, and from a distance he saw him and knew that he was turned to stone. Then he entered the hut and ordered the old woman to disenchant his brother. But she answered: ‘Let me first touch your dog with my wand, and then I will free your brother.’

He ordered the dog, however, to take hold of her, and bite her up to the knee, till she cried out: ‘Tell your dog to let me go and I will set your brother free!’

But he only answered: ‘Tell me the magic words that I may disenchant him myself;’ and as she would not he ordered his dog to bite her up to the hip.

Then the old woman cried out: ‘I have two wands, with the green one I turn to stone, and with the red one I bring to life again.’

So the hunter took the red wand and disenchanted his brother, also his brother’s horse, and his dog, and ordered his own dog to eat the old woman up altogether.

While the brothers went on their way back to the castle of the king, the one brother related to the other how the cypress tree had all at once dried up and withered, how he had immediately set out in search of his twin, and how he had come to the castle of his father-in-law, and had claimed the princess as his wife. But the other brother became furious on hearing this, and smote him over the forehead till he died, and returned alone to the house of his father-in-law.

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 When night came and he was in bed the princess asked him: ‘What was the matter with you last night, that you never spoke a word to me?’

Then he cried out: ‘That was not me, but my brother, and I have slain him, because he told me by the way that he had claimed you for his wife!’

‘Do you know the place where you slew him?’ asked the princess, ‘and can you find the body?’

‘I know the place exactly.’

‘Then to-morrow we shall ride thither,’ said the princess.

Next morning accordingly they set out together, and when they had come to the place, the princess drew forth a small bottle that she had brought with her, and sprinkled the body with some drops of the water so that immediately he became alive again.

When he stood up, his brother said to him: ‘Forgive me, dear brother, that I slew you in my anger.’ Then they embraced and went together to the Fairest in the Land, whom the unmarried brother took to wife.

Then the brothers brought their parents to live with them, and all dwelt together in joy and happiness.

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40

Like a floweret by the wayside,

Like a raspberry on the mountain,

Far more lovely than aforetime,

Fairer than in former seasons.”

Thus the mother urged her counsel,

Thus she spoke unto her daughter,

But the daughter did not heed her,

Heeded not her mother’s counsel

From the house she wandered weeping,

From the homestead went in sorrow,

And she said the words which follow,

And expressed herself in this wise:

“What may be the joyous feelings,

And the thoughts of one rejoicing?

Such may be the joyous feelings,

And the thoughts of one rejoicing;

Like the dancing of the water

On the waves when gently swelling.

What do mournful thoughts resemble?

What the long-tailed duck may ponder?

Such may mournful thoughts resenble,

Thus the long-tailed duck may ponder,

As ’neath frozen snow embedded,

Water deep in well imprisoned.

“Often now my life is clouded,

Often is my childhood troubled,

And my thoughts like withered herbage,

As I wander through the bushes,

Wandering on through grassy meadows,

Pushing through the tangled thickes,

And my thoughts are pitch for blackness

And my heart than soot not brighter.

“Better fortune had befel me,

And it would have been more happy

Had I not been born and nurtured,

And had never grown in stature,

Till I saw these days of sorrow,

And this joyless time o’ertook me,

Had I died in six nights only,

Or upon the eighth had perished.

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text: The Grey Fairy Book/The Twin Brothers

title: The Grey Fairy Book/The Twin Brothers


text:
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was once upon a time a king who reigned over a country called ‘Bello Puojo.’ He was very rich and powerful, and had everything in the world he could desire except a child. But at last, after he had been married for many years, and was quite an old man, his wife Renzolla presented him with a fine daughter, whom they called Cannetella.

She grew up into a beautiful girl, and was as tall and straight as a young fir-tree. When she was eighteen years old her father called her to him and said: ‘You are of an age now, my daughter, to marry and settle down; but as I love you more than anything else in the world, and desire nothing but your happiness, I am determined to leave the choice of a husband to yourself. Choose a man after your own heart, and you are sure to satisfy me.’ Cannetella thanked her father very much for his kindness and consideration, but told him that she had not the slightest wish to marry, and was quite determined to remain single.

The king, who felt himself growing old and feeble, and longed to see an heir to the throne before he died, was very unhappy at her words, and begged her earnestly not to disappoint him.

When Cannetella saw that the king had set his heart on her marriage, she said: ‘Very well, dear father, I will marry to please you, for I do not wish to appear ungrateful for all your love and kindness; but you must find me a

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 husband handsomer, cleverer, and more charming than anyone else in the world.’

The king was overjoyed by her words, and from early in the morning till late at night he sat at the window and looked carefully at all the passers-by, in the hopes of finding a son-in-law among them.

One day, seeing a very good-looking man crossing the street, the king called his daughter and said: ‘Come quickly, dear Cannetella, and look at this man, for I think he might suit you as a husband.’

They called the young man into the palace, and set a sumptuous feast before him, with every sort of delicacy you can imagine. In the middle of the meal the youth let an almond fall out of his mouth, which, however, he picked up again very quickly and hid under the table-cloth.

When the feast was over the stranger went away, and the king asked Cannetella: ‘Well, what did you think of the youth?’

‘I think he was a clumsy wretch,’ replied Cannetella. ‘Fancy a man of his age letting an almond fall out of his mouth!’

When the king heard her answer he returned to his watch at the window, and shortly afterwards a very handsome young man passed by. The king instantly called his daughter to come and see what she thought of the new comer.

‘Call him in,’ said Cannetella, ‘that we may see him close.’

Another splendid feast was prepared, and when the stranger had eaten and drunk as much as he was able, and had taken his departure, the king asked Cannetella how she liked him.

‘Not at all,’ replied his daughter; ‘what could you do with a man who requires at least two servants to help him on with his cloak, because he is too awkward to put it on properly himself?’

‘If that’s all you have against him,’ said the king, ‘I

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Runo IV]

Much I should not then have needed,

But a shroud a span-long only,

And of earth a tiny corner.

Little then had wept my mother,

Fewer tears had shed my father,

And my brother not a tearlet.”

Thus she wept a day, a second,

And again her mother asked her,

“Wherefore dost thou weep, poor maiden,

Wherefore thus lament and sorrow?”

“Therefore weep I, hapless maiden,

Therefore do I weep for ever,

That yourself have pledged me, hapless,

And your daughter you have promised

Thus to be an old man’s comfort,

As a solace to the old man,

To support his feeble footsteps,

And to wait upon him always.

Better were it had you sent me

Deeply down beneath the billows,

There to be the powan’s sister,

And companion of the fishes.

In the lake ’tis surely better

There beneath the waves to sojourn,

There to be the powan’s sister,

And companion of the fishes,

Than to be an old man’s comfort,

To support his aged footsteps,

So that I can mend his stockings,

And may be a staff to prop him.”

Then she sought the mountain storehouse,

And the inner room she entered;

And the finest chest she opened,

Raised the painted lid with clangour,

And she found six golden girdles,

Seven blue robes of finest texture,

And she robed her in the finest,

And completed her adornment.

Set the gold upon her temples,

On her hair the shining silver,

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 see how the land lies. You are determined not to have a husband at all; but marry someone you shall, for I do not mean my name and house to die out.’

‘Well, then, my dear parent,’ said Cannetella, ‘I must tell you at once that you had better not count upon me, for I never mean to marry unless I can find a man with a gold head and gold teeth.’

The king was very angry at finding his daughter so obstinate; but as he always gave the girl her own way in everything, he issued a proclamation to the effect that any man with a gold head and gold teeth might come forward and claim the princess as his bride, and the kingdom of Bello Puojo as a wedding gift.

Now the king had a deadly enemy called Scioravante, who was a very powerful magician. No sooner had this man heard of the proclamation than he summoned his attendant spirits and commanded them to gild his head and teeth. The spirits said, at first, that the task was beyond their powers, and suggested that a pair of golden horns attached to his forehead would both be easier to make and more comfortable to wear; but Scioravante would allow no compromise, and insisted on having a head and teeth made of the finest gold. When it was fixed on his shoulders he went for a stroll in front of the palace. And the king, seeing the very man he was in search of, called his daughter, and said: ‘Just look out of the window, and you will find exactly what you want.’

Then, as Scioravante was hurrying past, the king shouted out to him: ‘Just stop a minute, brother, and don’t be in such desperate haste. If you will step in here you shall have my daughter for a wife, and I will send attendants with her, and as many horses and servants as you wish.’

‘A thousand thanks,’ returned Scioravante; ‘I shall be delighted to marry your daughter, but it is quite unnecessary to send anyone to accompany her. Give me a horse and I will carry off the princess in front

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42

On her brow the sky-blue ribands,

On her head the bands of scarlet.

Then she wandered from the storehouse,

And across the fields she wandered,

Past the marshes, and the heathlands,

Through the shady, gloomy forests.

Thus she sang, as on she hastened,

Thus she spoke, as on she wandered:

“All my heart is filled with trouble;

On my head a stone is loaded.

But my trouble would not vex me,

And the weight would less oppress me,

If I perished, hapless maiden,

Ending thus my life of sorrow,

In the burden of my trouble,

In the sadness of my sorrow.

“Now my time perchance approaches,

From this weary world to hasten,

Time to seek the world of Mana,

Time to Tuonela to hasten,

For my father will not mourn me,

Nor my mother will lament me,

Nor my sister’s cheeks be moistened,

Nor my brother’s eyes be tearful,

If I sank beneath the waters,

Sinking where the fish are sporting,

To the depths beneath the billows,

Down amid the oozy blackness.”

On she went, one day, a second,

And at length, upon the third day,

Came she to a lake’s broad margin,

To the bank, o’ergrown with rushes.

And she reached it in the night-time,

And she halted in the darkness.

In the evening wept the maiden,

Through the darksome night lamented,

On the rocks that fringed the margin,

Where a bay spread wide before her.

At the earliest dawn of morning,

As she gazed from off a headland,

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 of my saddle, and will bring her to my own kingdom, where there is no lack of courtiers or servants, or, indeed, of anything your daughter can desire.’

At first the king was very much against Cannetella’s departing in this fashion; but finally Scioravante got his way, and placing the princess before him on his horse, he set out for his own country.

Towards evening he dismounted, and entering a stable he placed Cannetella in the same stall as his horse, and said to her: ‘Now listen to what I have to say. I am going to my home now, and that is a seven years’ journey from here; you must wait for me in this stable, and never move from the spot, or let yourself be seen by a living soul. If you disobey my commands, it will be the worse for you.’

The princess answered meekly: ‘Sir, I am your servant, and will do exactly as you bid me; but I should like to know what I am to live on till you come back?’

‘You can take what the horses leave,’ was Scioravante’s reply.

When the magician had left her Cannetella felt very miserable, and bitterly cursed the day she was born. She spent all her time weeping and bemoaning the cruel fate that had driven her from a palace into a stable, from soft down cushions to a bed of straw, and from the dainties of her father’s table to the food that the horses left.

She led this wretched life for a few months, and during that time she never saw who fed and watered the horses, for it was all done by invisible hands.

One day, when she was more than usually unhappy, she perceived a little crack in the wall, through which she could see a beautiful garden, with all manner of delicious fruits and flowers growing in it. The sight and smell of such delicacies were too much for poor Cannetella, and she said to herself, ‘I will slip quietly out, and pick a few oranges and grapes, and I don’t care what

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 happens. Who is there to tell my husband what I do? and even if he should hear of my disobedience, he cannot make my life more miserable than it is already.’

So she slipped out and refreshed her poor, starved body with the fruit she plucked in the garden.

But a short time afterwards her husband returned unexpectedly, and one of the horses instantly told him that Cannetella had gone into the garden, in his absence, and had stolen some oranges and grapes.

Scioravante was furious when he heard this, and seizing a huge knife from his pocket he threatened to kill his wife for her disobedience. But Cannetella threw herself at his feet and implored him to spare her life, saying that hunger drove even the wolf from the wood. At last she succeeded in so far softening her husband’s heart that he said, ‘I will forgive you this time, and spare your life; but if you disobey me again, and I hear, on my return, that you have as much as moved out of the stall, I will certainly kill you. So, beware; for I am going away once more, and shall be absent for seven years.’

With these words he took his departure, and Cannetella burst into a flood of tears, and, wringing her hands, she moaned: ‘Why was I ever born to such a hard fate? Oh! father, how miserable you have made your poor daughter! But, why should I blame my father? for I have only myself to thank for all my sufferings. I got the cursed head of gold, and it has brought all this misery on me. I am indeed punished for not doing as my father wished!’

When a year had gone by, it chanced, one day, that the king’s cooper passed the stables where Cannetella was kept prisoner. She recognised the man, and called him to come in. At first he did not know the poor princess, and could not make out who it was that called him by name. But when he heard Cannetella’s tale of woe, he hid her in a big empty barrel he had with him,

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 to her help, for all in the palace lay as if they were dead. The magician seized her in the bed on which she lay, and was going to carry her off with him, when the little piece of paper which the old woman had placed under her pillow fell on the floor.

In an instant all the people in the palace woke up, and as Cannetella was still screaming for help, they rushed to her rescue. They seized Scioravante and put him to death; so he was caught in the trap which he had laid for the princess—and, as is so often the case in this world, the biter himself was bit.

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 with its load; a labor-saving device certainly, and highly successful in attaining the desired end.

According to the police figures, 4,974,025 separate lodgings were furnished last year by these dormitories, between two and three hundred in number, and, adding the 147,634 lodgings furnished by the station-houses, the total of the homeless army was 5,121,659, an average of over fourteen thousand homeless men for every night in the year! The health officers, professional optimists always in matters that trench upon their official jurisdiction, insist that the number is not quite so large as here given. But, apart from any slight discrepancy in the figures, the more important fact remains that last year's record of lodgers is an all round increase over the previous year's of over three hundred thousand, and that this has been the ratio of growth of the business during the last three years, the period of which Inspector Byrnes complains as turning out so many young criminals with the lodging-house stamp upon them. More than half of the lodging-houses are in the Bowery district, that is to say, the Fourth, Sixth, and Tenth Wards, and they harbor nearly three-fourths of their crowds. The calculation that more than nine thousand homeless young men lodge nightly along Chatham Street and the Bowery, between the City Hall and the Cooper Union, is probably not far out of the way. The City Missionary finds them there far less frequently than the thief in need of helpers. Appropriately enough, nearly one-fifth of all the pawn-shops in the city and one-sixth of all the saloons are located here, while twenty-seven per cent, of all the arrests on the police books have been credited to the district for the last two years.

About election time, especially in Presidential elec-

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 partly because he was sorry for the poor girl, and, even more, because he wished to gain the king’s favour. Then he slung the barrel on a mule’s back, and in this way the princess was carried to her own home. They arrived at the palace about four o’clock in the morning, and the cooper knocked loudly at the door. When the servants came in haste and saw only the cooper standing at the gate, they were very indignant, and scolded him soundly for coming at such an hour and waking them all out of their sleep.

The king hearing the noise and the cause of it, sent for the cooper, for he felt certain the man must have some important business, to have come and disturbed the whole palace at such an early hour.

The cooper asked permission to unload his mule, and Cannetella crept out of the barrel. At first the king refused to believe that it was really his daughter, for she had changed so terribly in a few years, and had grown so thin and pale, that it was pitiful to see her. At last the princess showed her father a mole she had on her right arm, and then he saw that the poor girl was indeed his long-lost Cannetella. He kissed her a thousand times, and instantly had the choicest food and drink set before her.

After she had satisfied her hunger, the king said to her: ‘Who would have thought, my dear daughter, to have found you in such a state? What, may I ask, has brought you to this pass?’

Cannetella replied: ‘That wicked man with the gold head and teeth treated me worse than a dog, and many a time, since I left you, have I longed to die. But I couldn’t tell you all that I have suffered, for you would never believe me. It is enough that I am once more with you, and I shall never leave you again, for I would rather be a slave in your house than queen in any other.’

In the meantime Scioravante had returned to the

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Page:Völsunga Saga (1888).djvu/331

 .—See.

.—Fragments of Eng. and Ir. history in ninth and tenth century. Tr. from Icelandic, with notes. London, 1788, 4to.

.—See.

.—The War of the Gaedhil with the Gaill; or, the invasions of Iceland by the Danes and other Norsemen. Tr., ed., etc., by J. H. T. Longmans, London, 1867, 8vo.

.—Letters on Iceland. Richardson, London, 1780, 8vo; also in, General collection voyages and travels (vol. 1, pp. 621–734). Longman, London, 1808, 4to.

.—A holiday in Iceland. E. Stock, London, 1879, 8vo.

.—See (Sir E.).

and .—Icelandic prose reader, with notes, grammar, and glossary. Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1879, 16mo.

Corpus poeticum Boreale. The poetry of the old Northern tongue, from the earliest times to the 13th cent. Ed., etc., by G. V. and F. T. P. Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1883, 2 vols., 8vo.

See.

See.

.—See.

.—Asgard and the gods for boys and girls. Tr. M. W. Macdowall, Ed. W. S. W. Anson. Sonnenschein, London, 1880, 8vo.

.—Six weeks in the Saddle: a painter’s journal in Iceland. Macmillan, London, 1874, 8vo.

.—Across the Vatna Jökull; or, Scenes in Iceland. Longmans, London, 1876, 8vo.

Snioland; or, Jokulls and Fyalls. London, 1875, 8vo.

—Account of the Danes and Northmen in England. Murray, London, 1852, 8vo.

Voyage to Iceland in 1853 (Anon). Hall, London, 1854, 8vo.

.—Tales from the Edda. Sonnenschein, London, 1883, 8vo.

, Borgfirdingur.—Söguágrip um prentsmidjur og prentari á Islandi. Reykjavik, 1867, 12mo.

.—Historia literaria Islandiæ, autorum et scriptorum tum editorum tum ineditorum indicem exhibens. Editio nova. Havniæ et Lipsiae, 1786, 8vo.

—Catalogus librorum islandicorum et norvegicorum ætatis mediae editorum versorum illustratorum. Lipsiae, 1856, 8vo.

Verzeichniss der auf dem gebiete der altnordischen (altislandischen und altnorwegischen), Sprache und Literatur von 1855 bis 1879 erschienenen Schriften. Leipzig, 1880, 8vo.

Titles of works and names of authors cited in Cleasby’s Icelandic-English Dictionary.

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 tions, the lodging-houses come out strong on the side of the political boss who has the biggest "barrel." The victory in political contests, in the three wards I have mentioned of all others, is distinctly to the general with the strongest battalions, and the lodging-houses are his favorite recruiting ground. The colonization of voters is an evil of the first magnitude, none the less because both parties smirch their hands with it, and for that reason next to hopeless. Honors are easy, where the two "machines," intrenched in their strongholds, outbid each other across the Bowery in open rivalry as to who shall commit the most flagrant frauds at the polls. Semi-occasionally a champion offender is caught and punished, as was, not long ago, the proprietor of one of the biggest Bowery lodging-houses. But such scenes are largely spectacular, if not prompted by some hidden motive of revenge that survives from the contest. Beyond a doubt Inspector Byrnes speaks by the card when he observes that "usually this work is done in the interest of some local political boss, who stands by the owner of the house, in case the latter gets into trouble." For standing by, read twisting the machinery of outraged justice so that its hand shall fall not too heavily upon the culprit, or miss him altogether. One of the houses that achieved profitable notoriety in this way in many successive elections, a notorious tramps' resort in Houston Street, was lately given up, and has most appropriately been turned into a bar-factory, thus still contributing, though in a changed form, to the success of "the cause." It must be admitted that the black tramp who herds in the West Side "hotels" is more discriminating in this matter of electioneering than his white brother. He at least exhibits some real loyalty in invariably selling his vote to the Republican bidder for a

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Runo IV]

Just beyond she saw three maidens,

Bathing there amid the waters,

Aino made the fourth among them,

And the fifth a slender sapling.

Then her shift she cast on willows,

And her dress upon the aspens,

On the open ground her stockings,

Threw her shoes upon the boulders,

On the sand her beads she scattered,

And her rings upon the shingle.

In the waves a rock was standing,

Brightly hued and golden shining;

And she swam and sought to reach it,

As a refuge in her trouble.

When at length she stood upon it,

And would rest upon the summit,

On the stone of many colours,

On the rock so smooth and shining,

In the waves it sank beneath her,

Sinking to the very bottom.

With the rock, the maiden Aino

Sank beneath the water’s surface.

There the dove for ever vanished,

Thus the luckless maiden perished,

She herself exclaimed in dying,

When she felt that she was sinking:

“To the lake I went to bathe me,

And to swim upon its surface,

But, like tender dove, I vanished,

Like a bird by death o’ertaken.

Never may my dearest father,

Never while his life endureth,

Cast his net amid the waters,

In these waves, so wide extending.

“To the shore I went to wash me,

To the lake I went to bathe me,

But, like tender dove, I vanished,

Like a bird by death o’ertaken.

Never may my dearest mother,

Never while her life endureth,

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 dollar, while he charges the Democratic boss a dollar and a half. In view of the well-known facts, there is a good deal of force in the remark made by a friend of ballot reform during the recent struggle over that hotly contested issue, that real ballot reform will do more to knock out cheap lodging-houses than all the regulations of police and health officers together.

The experiment made by a well-known stove manufacturer a winter or two ago in the way of charity, might have thrown much desired light on the question of the number of tramps in the city, could it have been carried to a successful end. He opened a sort of breakfast shop for the idle and unemployed in the region of Washington Square, offering to all who had no money a cup of coffee and a roll for nothing. The first morning he had a dozen customers, the next about two hundred. The number kept growing until one morning, at the end of two weeks, found by actual count 2,011 shivering creatures in line waiting their turn for a seat at his tables. The shop was closed that day. It was one of the rare instances of too great a rush of custom wrecking a promising business, and the great problem remained unsolved.

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 stables, and one of the horses told him that Cannetella had been taken away by a cooper in a barrel.

When the wicked magician heard this he was beside himself with rage, and, hastening to the kingdom of Bello Puojo, he went straight to an old woman who lived exactly opposite the royal palace, and said to her: ‘If you will let me see the king’s daughter, I will give you whatever reward you like to ask for.’

The woman demanded a hundred ducats of gold, and Scioravante counted them out of his purse and gave them to her without a murmur. Then the old woman led him to the roof of the house, where he could see Cannetella combing out her long hair in a room in the top story of the palace.

The princess happened to look out of the window, and when she saw her husband gazing at her, she got such a fright that she flew downstairs to the king, and said: ‘My lord and father, unless you shut me up instantly in a room with seven iron doors, I am lost.’

‘If that’s all,’ said the king, ‘it shall be done at once.’ And he gave orders for the doors to be closed on the spot.

When Scioravante saw this he returned to the old woman, and said: ‘I will give you whatever you like if you will go into the palace, hide under the princess’s bed, and slip this little piece of paper beneath her pillow, saying, as you do so: “May everyone in the palace, except the princess, fall into a sound sleep.

The old woman demanded another hundred golden ducats, and then proceeded to carry out the magician’s wishes. No sooner had she slipped the piece of paper under Cannetella’s pillow, than all the people in the palace fell fast asleep, and only the princess remained awake.

Then Scioravante hurried to the seven doors and opened them one after the other. Cannetella screamed with terror when she saw her husband, but no one came

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ETWEEN the tabernacles of Jewry and the shrines of the Bend, Joss has cheekily planted his pagan worship of idols, chief among which are the celestial worshipper's own gain and lusts. Whatever may be said about the Chinaman being a thousand years behind the age on his own shores, here he is distinctly abreast of it in his successful scheming to "make it pay." It is doubtful if there is anything he does not turn to a paying account, from his religion down, or up, as one prefers. At the risk of distressing some well-meaning, but, I fear, too trustful people, I state it in advance as my opinion, based on the steady observation of years, that all attempts to make an effective Christian of John Chinaman will remain abortive in this generation; of the next I have, if anything, less hope. Ages of senseless idolatry, a mere grub-worship, have left him without the essential qualities for appreciating the gentle teachings of a faith whose motive and unselfish spirit are alike beyond his grasp. He lacks the handle of a strong faith in something, anything, however wrong, to catch him by. There is nothing strong about him, except his passions when aroused. I am convinced that he adopts Christianity, when he adopts it at all, as he puts on American clothes, with what the politicians would call an ulterior motive, some sort of gain in the near prospect—washing, a Christian wife, perhaps,

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text: The Grey Fairy Book/Cannetella

title: The Grey Fairy Book/Cannetella


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 anything he happens to rate for the moment above his cherished pigtail. It may be that I judge him too harshly. Exceptions may be found. Indeed, for the credit of the race, I hope there are such. But I am bound to say my hope is not backed by lively faith.

Chinatown as a spectacle is disappointing. Next-door neighbor to the Bend, it has little of its outdoor stir and life, none of its gayly-colored rags or picturesque filth and poverty. Mott Street is clean to distraction: the laundry stamp is on it, though the houses are chiefly of the conventional tenement-house type, with nothing to rescue them from the everyday dismal dreariness of their kind save here and there a splash of dull red or yellow, a sign, hung endways and with streamers of red flannel tacked on, that announces in Chinese characters that Dr. Chay Yen Chong sells Chinese herb medicines, or that Won Lung & Co.—queer contradiction—take in washing, or deal out tea and groceries. There are some gimcracks in the second story fire-escape of one of the houses, signifying that Joss or a club has a habitation there. An American patent medicine concern has seized the opportunity to decorate the back-ground with its cabalistic trade-mark, that in this company looks as foreign as the rest. Doubtless the privilege was bought for cash. It will buy anything in Chinatown, Joss himself included, as indeed, why should it not? He was bought for cash across the sea and came here under the law that shuts out the live Chinaman, but lets in his dead god on payment of the statutory duty on bric-à-brac. Red and yellow are the holiday colors of Chinatown as of the Bend, but they do not lend brightness in Mott Street as around the corner in Mulberry. Rather, they seem to descend to the level of the general dulness, and glower at you from doors and

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44

Fetch the water for her baking,

From the wide bay near her dwelling.

“To the shore I went to wash me,

To the lake I went to bathe me,

But, like tender dove, I vanished,

Like a bird by death o’ertaken.

Never may my dearest brother,

Never while his life endureth,

Water here his prancing courser,

Here upon the broad lake’s margin.

“To the shore I went to wash me,

To the lake I went to bathe me,

But, like tender dove, I vanished,

Like a bird by death o’ertaken.

Never may my dearest sister,

Never while her life endureth,

Hither stay to wash her eyebrows,

On the bridge so near her dwelling.

In the lake the very water

Is as blood that leaves my veinlets;

Every fish that swims this water,

Is as flesh from off my body;

All the bushes on the margin

Are as ribs of me unhappy;

And the grass upon the margin

As my soiled and tangled tresses.”

Thus the youthful maiden perished,

And the dove so lovely vanished.

Who shall now the tidings carry,

And repeat the mournful story,

At the dwelling of the maiden,

At the homestead of the fair one?

First the bear would take the tidings,

And repeat the mournful story ;

But the bear conveyed no tidings,

For he strayed among the cattle.

Who shall now the tidings carry,

And repeat the mournful story,

At the dwelling of the maiden,

At the homestead of the fair one?

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 windows, from the telegraph pole that is the official organ of Chinatown and from the store signs, with blank, unmeaning stare, suggesting nothing, asking no questions, and answering none. Fifth Avenue is not duller on a rainy day than Mott Street to one in search of excitement. Whatever is on foot goes on behind closed doors. Stealth and secretiveness are as much part of the Chinaman in New York as the cat-like tread of his felt shoes. His business, as his domestic life, shuns the light, less because there is anything to conceal than because that is the way of the man. Perhaps the attitude of American civilization toward the stranger, whom it invited in, has taught him that way. At any rate, the very doorways of his offices and shops are fenced off by queer, forbidding partitions suggestive of a continual state of siege. The stranger who enters through the crooked approach is received with sudden silence, a sullen stare, and an angry "Vat you vant?" that breathes annoyance and distrust.

Trust not him who trusts no one, is as safe a rule in Chinatown as out of it. Were not Mott Street overawed in its isolation, it would not be safe to descend this open cellar-way, through which come the pungent odor of burning opium and the clink of copper coins on the table. As it is, though safe, it is not profitable to intrude. At the first foot-fall of leather soles on the steps the hum of talk ceases, and the group of celestials, crouching over their game of fan tan, stop playing and watch the comer with ugly looks. Fan tan is their ruling passion. The average Chinaman, the police will tell you, would rather gamble than eat any day, and they have ample experience to back them. Only the fellow in the bunk smokes away, indifferent to all else but his pipe and his own enjoyment. It is a mistake to assume that Chinatown is honeycombed

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Runo IV]

Then the wolf would take the message,

And repeat the mournful story;

But the wolf conveyed no tidings,

For among the sheep he wandered.

Who shall now the tidings carry,

And repeat the mournful story,

At the dwelling of the maiden,

At the homestead of the fair one?

Then the fox would take the message,

And repeat the mournful story;

But the fox conveyed no tidings,

For among the geese he wandered.

Who shall now the tidings carry,

And repeat the mournful story,

At the dwelling of the maiden,

At the homestead of the fair one?

’Twas the hare who took the tidings,

And conveyed the mournful story;

For the hare replied discreetly,

“I will not forget the message.”

Then the hare sprang quickly onward,

Sped the Long-ear with his story,

On his crooked legs he hastened,

With his cross-like mouth he hurried,

To the dwelling of the maiden,

To the homestead of the fair one.

Thus he hastened to the bath-house

And he crouched upon the threshold.

Full of maidens is the bath-house,

In their hands the bath-whisks holding.

“Scamp, come here; and shall we boil you,

Or, O Broad-eye, shall we roast you,

Either for the master’s supper,

Or perchance the mistress’ breakfast,

For the luncheon of the daughter,

Or perchance the son to dine on?”

Thereupon the hare responded,

And the Round-eye answered boldly,

“Would that Lempo might come hither

For the cooking in the kettle!

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 rary, the ferment was produced by the order. As a matter of fact, it was only yesterday that the soldiers were still obeying orders and today they have ceased to: is it not clear that they have submitted to some new "order," which is recorded in the books as "No. 1"? This general-staff idiocy is at present substituted in the most extensive bourgeois circles for a real historical point of view.

The so-called disintegration of the army found its expression in the Soldiers' disobedience of superiors and a refusal to recognize this war as their war. It was just because of these circumstances that Kerensky hurled in the face of the awakening army his phrase: "risen slaves." If the bourgeoisie believed that it was enough to substitute Guchkovs for Sukhomlinovs, in order to harness the army anew to the chariot of Imperialism, then Kerensky, in his philistine superficiallity and self-complacency, thought it would be sufficient to remove Guchkov in order to make the army once more the obedient tool of the government. In truth these were illusions!

The Revolution, from the standpoint of mass psychology, is an application of the standard of reason to inherited institutions and traditions. All the hardships, sufferings and humilitations, which the war brought in its train to the people, and, more particularly, to the army, were crowned and sanctioned by the will of the Czar. If in Petrograd the Czar himself had been deposed, what was there to prevent the soldiers from shaking off the autocracy of those officers who had been the most zealous and debased of the advocates of the whole system of Czarism? Why should the soldiers not ask themselves the question as to the sense and the object of the war, when the very man on whom formerly had depended the question of peace had been deposed?

The Soviets of Workers' and Soldiers' Delegates appealed, in a manifesto early in April, to the peoples of Europe, summoning them to the struggle for a democratic peace. This was "Order No. 1" as far as questions of world-policy were concerned. At the time when the manifesto appeared as an answer to the burning, irresistible question: Shall we fight on, and if so, for what?—the imperialists were making believe that, had it not been for this manifesto, this question would never have occurred to the minds of the soldiers, who had been awakened by the thunder of the Revolution.

Milyukov anticipated that revolution would awaken criticism and independence in the army, and would consequently involve a threat to the imperialistic aims of the war. In the Fourth Duma he had therefore come out openly against revolution. And when


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 Milyukov now hisses venomously about the "Order," about that Manifesto, and about the Zimmerwald Socialist Conference, saying that these things poisoned the army, it is at least in his case a deliberate lie. Milyukov knows very well that the chief "poison" is concealed not in any of the "orders" of the Soviet, which are at best moderate enough, but in the Revolution itself, which afforded to the sufferings of the masses an expression in the shape of protests, demands, and open contests of force.

The process of internal reconstruction of the army, and the political orientation of its soldier masses, burst forth in a fierce catastrophe at the front. The ultimate cause of this catastrophe is in the contradiction between the imperialistic policy, which made use of the Provisional Government as its tool, and the longing of the masses for an immediate and "just" peace. A new discipline and a genuine enthusiasm in the army can be evolved only out of the Revolution itself, out of a courageous solution of its internal problems and its definite struggle with external obstacles. The people and the army, if they felt and were convinced that the Revolution was their revolution, that the government was their government, that the latter would stop at nothing in the defense of their interests against the exploiters, that it was pursuing no external aims of oppression or conquest, that it was not curtsying to the "Allied" financiers, that it was openly offering the nations an immediate peace on democratic foundations, the toiling masses and their army would, under these conditions, be found to be inspired with an indissoluble unity, and if the German revolution would not come in time to aid us, the Russian army would fight against the Hohenzollerns with the same enthusiasm that the Russian workers showed in defending the gains of the popular movement against the onslaughts of the counter-revolution.

The imperialists feared this path as they feared death, and they were right. The picayune policy of the petit bourgeois did not believe in this method any more than the little shopkeeper believes in the possibility of the expropriation of the banks. Renouncing all "Utopias," that is, the policy of the further development of the Revolution, the Social-Revolutionists and Mensheviki continued the very same ruinous dual policy that was to bring about the catastrophe.

To the soldier it was said, and truthfully said, that this was an imperialistic war, on both sides, that the Russian Government was bound hand and foot by financial, diplomatic and military agreements, which were hostile to the interests of all the nations; and


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 then they added: "But for the present go on fighting on the basis of the old treaties, hand in hand with the old allies." But the soldier, going under fire "for the present," meets with death. To go forth to make this supreme sacrifice is possible only for the soldier who has been carried away by the fire of collective enthusiasm; but this state is attainable only in a condition of complete faith in the righteousness of one's cause. The Revolution did away with the mode of thought of the unreasoning "sacred cannon-fodder." No Komilov, no Kaledin can turn back the course of History and restore the old hangman's discipline, even temporarily, without frightful repressions, tantamount to a prolonged period of bloody chaos. The army can only be preserved in a condition of war-time efficiency by giving it new aims, new methods, a new organization. It was necessary to make all the deductions from the Revolution. The ambiguous, irresolute regime which the Provisional Government, aided by the Social-Revolutionists and Mensheviki, had prepared for the army, bore within it the germs of certain catastrophe. The army had been armed with certain standards and given an opportunity for open criticism. At that moment new goals were set for the army, which manifestly would not bear the stress of revolutionary criticism, and in the name of these goals it was demanded that the army, exhausted, hungry, and unshod as it was, should put forth superhuman efforts. Can there be any doubt of the result, when we remember, in addition, that certain generals of the staff were consciously working for a Russian defeat?

But the Provisional Government intoxicated itself with bombast and empty words. Messieurs les ministres regarded the soldier masses, who were in a state of profound ferment, as the raw material out of which could be made all that was needed in the interests of the imperialists who had crippled our unhappy, devastated country. Kerensky besought them, he threatened, he went down on his knees, but he did not give the soldiers an answer to a single one of their serious problems. Having fooled himself with cheap oratory, he made sure in advance of the support of the Congress of Soviets, where there prevailed a supercilious petit bourgeois democracy, supercilious in spite of its "watchfulness," and ordered an offensive. This was, in the literal sense of the word, "Order No. 1" of the Russian counter-revolution.

On the 17th of June, we internationalists openly declared ourselves in the Congress of Soviets, on the subject of the offensive which was being gotten under way, and, together with a funda-


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 mental criticism, we pointed out that in the present state of the army an offensive was a military adventure, which threatened the very existence of the army itself. It transpired that we had seen only too clearly. The government had discounted nothing and foreseen nothing. The government party of Social-Revolutionists and Mensheviki had been hurling denunciations at us instead of availing themselves of our suggestions.

Naturally, as the Bolsheviki had foretold this disaster, blame was put upon—the Bolsheviki. Behind the tragedy which was brought forth by ignorance and irresponsibility, there loomed cowardice in all its wretchedness. All the moulders of our destinies felt no more urgent duty than to find a scape-goat on whom to put the blame. The semi-official speeches and articles of these days will stand forever as monuments to human baseness.

The hounding of the Bolsheviki may, to be sure, still confuse the issue for a time in the minds of the people. But it cannot eliminate nor in any way weaken the significance of the question of the responsibility of the government. Whether the Bolsheviki are guilty or not, how is it that the government foresaw nothing? It appears to have had no understanding of the very army it had sent into battle. Without for a moment considering whether the army was capable of understanding an offensive, they ordered the army to move forward. And those at the head of the government were not Bolsheviki. Whatever may have been the facts with regard to the latter, the full weight of the responsibility for the tragic adventure of the offensive is upon the shoulders of the government of Kerensky, Tseretelli and Chernov.

This responsibility is increased by the fact that the warning voices do not at all appear to have come from the camp of the internationalists. The imperialistic Novoye Vremye, which is in close relations with the reactionary general staff, had the following to say, on August 5th, concerning the preparations for the offensive:

"The cautious Alekseieff, because he did not wish to hurl unprepared forces into slaughter, because he did not wish to jeopardize for questionable results, the gains already made,—was retired. The illusion of success, the longing for an early peace, which Germany should be forced to accept from the Petrograd ringleaders, brought Brussilov to the top of the wave, and promptly submerged him when the billows broke."

These eloquent lines explain and confirm the confused remarks of Retch, at the time of Alekseieff's resignation, concerning


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 the departure of this "vigilant strategist," in whose place there is put the "cavalryman" who knows no such thing as reflection. By forcing an offensive, the Cadets saved themselves in time from an imputation of cavalry policy or strategy, and prepared for their ostentatious departure from the July 15th Ministry. And the "Socialist" ministers explained in confidential whispers addressed to the ear of the "revolutionary democracy," that the change in military leaders which actually resulted from the gamble of the offensive, meant a substitution of the "true democrat" Brussilov for the "monarchist" Alekseieff. Thus is History made!

After having "hurled unprepared forces into slaughter"—to use the language of Novoye Vremya,—and having come into collision with the frightful consequences, there was nothing left for it but to entrust to Dan, Liber, and the other patriotic gentlemen, the task of inaugurating a systematic pogrom against the Bolshevikl. This is a portion of that same "creative labor" for national defense which is so well adapted to the shoulders of the afore-mentioned "leaders." In their effort to outdo all the bourgeois rowdies, the Dans and Libers fumed against the "demagogues" who scatter among the "ignorant masses of the soldiers" such slogans as the publication of the secret treaties, a complete break with the imperialists, etc. "That's right," the bourgeois rowdies contemptuously corroborate them, but that applies just as well to Order No. 1 and to the manifesto of April, which were demagogically circulated by you among the ignorant masses of the soldiers." And when the Dans and Libers, wiping the cold sweat from their brows, strain every effort to recall the most elementary principles of revolutionary thought in defense of the sins of their youth, they discover to their terror that they need only to repeat our words. And that is a fatal point : for our slogans contain nothing but the necessary inferences from the development of the Revolution, in the course of which Order No. 1 and the manifesto of the Soviet are merely the first milestone.

But the most remarkable thing about the whole business is, at first glance, that in spite of the frightful results of the offensive the "Socialist" ministers continue to set it down to the credit side of their account, and, in their conferences with the bourgeoisie, to refer to the offensive as their great patriotic contribution.

"I ask of you," shouted Tseretelli at the Moscow Conference, "who could more easily have moved forward the forces of revolu-


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46

I am come to give you tidings,

And to bring a message to you.

Vanished from you is the fair one,

Perished has the tin-adorned one,

Sunken with her silver buckle,

Drowning with her belt of copper,

Diving in the muddy water,

To the depths below the billows,

There to be the powan’s sister,

And companion of the fishes.”

Then her mother fell to weeping,

And her bitter tears flowed freely,

And she loud lamented, speaking

In her grief the words which follow:

“Never, O unhappy mothers,

Never while your life endureth,

Never may you urge your daughters,

Or attempt to force your children

To a marriage that repels them,

Like myself, O wretched mother,

Urging vainly thus my daughter,

Thus my little dove I fostered.”

Thus the mother wept, lamenting,

And her bitter tears flowed freely

From her blue eyes in her sadness,

O’er her cheeks, so pale with sorrow.

After one tear flowed another,

And her bitter tears flowed freely

From her cheeks, so pale with sorrow,

To her breast, so sadly heaving.

After one tear flowed another,

And her bitter tears flowed freely

From her breast, so sadly heaving,

On the borders of her garments.

After one tear flowed another,

And her bitter tears flowed freely

From the borders of her garments

Down upon her scarlet stockings.

After one tear flowed another,

And her bitter tears flowed freely

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 tionary Russia,—Minister of War Guchkov, or Minister of War Kerensky?" (Shouts of "bravo!" and applause).

Tseretelli is thus openly boasting of the fact that Kerensky is carrying out the very work that Guchkov would have carried out, but which, as the latter did not have the credit of "revolutionary" democracy to draw on, turned out to be too much for him. And the bourgeoisie in spite of the catastrophe that was called forth by die offensive, gladly recognizes the services of Kerensky.

"We know and we shall remember," declared the Cadet Nabokov, at the Moscow Conference, "that the great burst of enthusiasm in the Russian army two months ago, which in those horrible days added a new glorious page to our history, was inspired by the man who now stands at the head of the Provisional Government. History will never forget his service at this moment."

It is consequently quite clear that the "glorious page" of the offensive of the 1st of July has no relation whatever to national defense, for the military efficiency of Russia, as the consequence of the offensive, had simply been made worse. If the bourgeoisie neverthlessnevertheless [sic] speaks of the offensive in terms of appreciation, it is for the simple reason that the cruel blow inflicted upon our army as a result of Kerensky's policy created favorable conditions for the spread of panic and for counter-revolutionary schemes. All the authority of the Social-Revolutionary and Menshevik democracy had been exerted in the direction of forcing an offensive, and the latter completely wiped out that regime of contradictions and insolvency, to the support of which the philistine leaders had applied all their narrow-minded ingenuity.

Both the offensive and the question of peace are now being considered by the bourgeoisie and its generals from the angle of internal politics, that is, for the advancement of the counter-revolution. This was most clearly expressed at the Moscow Conference by General Kornilov. "Peace cannot at present be attained," he said, "if only for the reason that we are not in a position to carry out demobilization. We must first elevate the prestige of the officers." In the army there had been concentrated too many persons armed by the government, who were directing demands to the government, that were all too radical. Only a continuation of the war, regardless of the chances of success, would provide a possibility for "elevating the prestige of the officers," for regaining control of the military masses, and for assuring a demobiliza-


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 tion of such nature as would not enable the soldiers to threaten the pillars of property and of imperialistic government. And if, in the pursuit of this object, a separate peace should be required, the bourgeoisie would conclude such a peace, without turning an eyelid.

From the 1st of July on, the counter-revolution takes great forward strides, with absolute self-confidence. And it will not stop until a heavy blow is landed on its solar-plexus.


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There is hardly any room for doubt that the present government, which is the incarnation of uncertain and malevolent incompetence, will not hold out against the Moscow attack, and will suffer new changes. It is not in vain that General Kornilov explains that we need not fear a new crisis of power. Such a crisis at the present moment can be most quickly overcome by a new swing to the right. Whether Kerensky will obtain, under these circumstances, an additional degree of independence from the organized control of the democracy, which will be replaced by an all the more real "unseen government" of the imperialistic cliques; whether the new government will stand in some definite relation with that general staff of the propertied classes which will be created without a doubt by the Moscow Conference; what is to be the share of the "socialistic" Bonapartists in the new government combination,—all these are questions of secondary importance. But even if the bourgeois attack should be repulsed and the Moscow Conference should culminate in a new stepping out from the government on the part of the Cadets, the arrogated power of the "revolutionary democracy" would be by no means equivalent to a real revolutionary-democratic power. Bound hand and foot by their obligations against workers and soldiers in reserve, the official leaders of the Soviet would be obliged to continue their policy of double-dealing and opportunism. By leaving the ministry, Konovalov simply shifted his mission to the shoulders of Skobeleff. The Kerensky-Tseretelli Ministry, even without the Cadets, would continue to carry out a semi-Cadet program. The elimination of the Cadets is but a drop in the bucket; what is needed is new blood and new methods.

The Moscow Conference in any event closes and summarizes that entire phase of the Revolution in which the leading role was played by the Social-Revolutionary and Menshevik tactics of co-operation with the bourgeoisie, a co-operation which was based on a renunciation of the independent aims of the Revolution, on


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Runo IV]

Down from off her scarlet stockings

To her shoes, all gold-embroidered.

After one tear flowed another,

And her bitter tears flowed freely

From her shoes, all gold-embroidered,

On the ground where she was standing.

As they flowed, the ground they moistened,

And they swelled to streams of water.

On the ground the streams were flowing,

And became the source of rivers;

Thence arose three mighty rivers

From the tears of bitter weeping,

Which were ever ceaseless flowing

From the weeping mother’s eyelids.

From each stream that thus was fashioned,

Rushed three waterfalls in fury,

And amid each cataract’s flowing,

Three great rocks arose together,

And on every rocky summit

There arose a golden mountain,

And on every mountain summit

Up there sprang three beauteous birch-trees,

In the crown of every birch-tree,

Golden cuckoos three were perching.

All at once they called together,

And the first cried, “Sweetheart, sweetheart!”

And the second, “Lover, lover!”

And the third cried, “Gladness, gladness!”

He who cried out, “Sweetheart, sweetheart!”

Sang his song for three months running,

For the young and loveless maiden,

Resting now beneath the water.

He who cried out, “Lover, lover!”

Sang his song for six months running,

Sang to the unhappy suitor,

Who must sorrow through his lifetime.

He who cried out, “Gladness, gladness!”

Sang his song for all a lifetime;

Sang to the unhappy mother,

Who must daily weep for ever.

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 with references showing the press-mark, title, date, etc., of the volume in which each work cited will be found in the Library of the British Museum. Manuscript. Catalogue Desk. Brit. Mus. Lib.

See also Publications of the Islenzka Bókmentafélag. Copenhagen.

Age of Igneous Rocks of I. (J. Geikie). Nature, 1881, 605.

Annals of I. (W. Fiske). N. Y. Nation, 1880, 63.

Bishops of I., Early. ''Christ. Remem.'', 1868, 311.

Boiling Springs of I. ''Westm. Rev.'', 1857, 198.

Cataract at Fossvöllum. Penny M., 1838, 449.

Caverns and Bandittiin I. Penny M., 1888, 409.

Celebration in I., 1874 (C. W. Field). St. James’ Mag., 1874, 559.

Change of Faith in I. Quar., 1862, 115.

Edda, The (E. W. Gosse), ''Ency. Brit., 9th edition, 1881.—(C. Lottner) Fraser, 1861, 190.—Knick., 1847, 294.—For. Q. 1827, 210.—Ethic Ideas of the E. (Karl Blind), Dub. Univ. Mag.'', 1878, 392, 520.—Free trans. from E. (E. Head), Fraser, 1865, 370.—Rhymes from E., ''Dub. Univ. Mag., 1853, 578.—Symbolism of E., Nat. Q.'', 1866, 67.—E. doctrine and its origin.—''For. Q.'', 1827, 210.

Egills Saga (Eng. epitome by E. W. Gosse), Corn., 1879, 21.

Eruption of Mt. Hecla in 1845, ''Dub. Rev.'', 1848, 1.

Eruptive Phenomena of I. (J. Tyndall). Journal Franklin Inst., 1853, 402.

Flora of I. (W. L. Lindsay). ''Ed. New Philos. J.'', 1861, 64.

Geysers of I., Penny M., 1833, 473; St. James’s Mag., 1862, 334.—Visit to G. of I., ''Ev. Sat.'', 1868, 487. G. Action of, Westm., 1857, 207.—G., and how they are explained (J. Le Conte), ''Pop. Sci. Mo.'', 1878, 407.

Hecla, Mount, Penny M., 1833, 495.—Ascent of Mt. H. (G. F Rodwell), Nature, 1878, 596; ''Chamb. J., 1867, 407.—Description of Mt. H. (S. Baring-Gould), Once a week, 1867, 657.—Eruption Mt. H. in 1845, Dub. Rev., 1848, 1.—Lavas of Mt. H. (G. F. Rodwell), Nature,'' 1879, 280.

Home Life of old Norsemen. ''Dub. Univ. Mag.'', 1869, 465.

Impressions of I. (Jas Bryce). Corn., 1874, 553

Ibn Fozlan.—Description by an eye-witness of the incineration of a Norse chief, early part 10th Cent. ''Soc. Ant. Proc., Edin.'' 1873, 518.

Iceland (geog. and descrip., H. A. Hjaltalin; lit. and hist., F. Y. Powell), Encyc. Brit., 9th ed., 1881.—(Syd. Smith), ''Ed. Rev., 1804, 334.—(A. Trollope), Fortn, 1878, 175.—(Sir D. Wedderburn), 19th Cent., 1880, 218.—Chamb. J., 1875, 741.—Dub. Univ. Mag., 1874, 349.—Eclectic R.'', 1862, 114.

I. and its Phenomena.—''Lond. Quart.'', 1863, 121.—I. and Faroe Islands, Visit to (R. Chambers), ''Chamb. J.'', 1855, 129–282.—I.

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 Like some other vegetables, these are generally supposed to require special soil and situation to do well, but with plenty of manure and good cultivation they can be raised of fine size and quality in any garden. As described in the chapter on hotbeds, the old potatoes are planted in a warm bed, about the first of April, and when the ground is prepared, these are taken up and the sprouts broken off close to the potato. The potatoes should be buried two or three inches deep in the bed, which will give each shoot a bunch of fine roots when it is broken off. When the nights are warm, and the trees well out in leaf, plow a double furrow where the row of sweet potatoes is to be; that is, run the plow each way in the same furrow; then fill in two or three inches of fine manure, and plow the furrows back again, forming a ridge over the manure. In the centre of this ridge plant the sets about one foot apart; they must be kept well cultivated, and the running vines must not be allowed to strike root into the soil, or they will form lots of small potatoes, and none large enough for use; some gardeners keep the vines coiled round the central plant, but the easier way is to throw the vines from two rows together, then cultivate the side left bare, and throw them back again, cultivating the other side; after the first time they need not be moved but once for each cultivation, as the blank side can be cultivated and the vines thrown over on it, leaving the other side free, which can be cultivated first the next time it is done, and the vines thrown back. Throwing the vines over can be done very quickly by run-


text: Index:Lectures on the diagnosis of abdominal tumors (microform) - delivered to the post-graduate class Johns Hopkins University, 1893 (IA cihm 01686).pdf


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48

And the mother spoke as follows,

As she listened to the cuckoo:

“Never may a hapless mother

Listen to the cuckoo crying!

When I hear the cuckoo calling,

Heavy beats my heart within me.

From my eyes the tears are falling,

O’er my cheeks are waters rolling,

And the drops like peas are swelling,

Than the largest broad-beans larger.

By an ell my life is shortened,

By a span-length I am older,

And my strength has wholly failed me,

Since I heard the cuckoo calling.”

the tidings were repeated,

And the news was widely rumoured,

How the youthful maid had perished,

And the fair one had departed.

Väinämöinen, old and steadfast,

Deeply sorrowed at the tidings;

Wept at evening, wept at morning,

Spent the livelong night in weeping,

For the fair one who had perished,

For the maiden who had slumbered,

In the muddy lake downsunken

To the depths below the billows.

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 their subordination to the idea of a coalition with the enemies of the Revolution.

The Russian Revolution is a direct product of the war. The war created for it the necessary form of a nation-wide organization, the army. The greater part of the population, the peasantry, at the moment of the revolution, had been forced into a condition of organization. The Soviets of Soldiers' Delegates called upon the army to send its political representatives, whereupon the peasant masses automatically sent in to the Soviets the semi-liberal intellectuals, who translated the indefiniteness of their hopes and aspirations into the language of the most contemptible quibbling and hair-splitting opportunism. The petit bourgeois intelligentsia, which is in every way dependent on the greater bourgeoisie, obtained the leadership over the peasantry. The Soviets of soldier-peasant representatives obtained a distinct majority over the representatives of the workers. The Petrograd proletarian advance-guard was declared to be an ignorant mass. The flower of the Revolution was revealed in the persons of the March Social-Revolutionists and Mensheviki of the "provincial" intellectuals, leaning on the peasants. Over this foundation there rose, through the agency of double and triple elections, the Central Executive Committee. The Petrograd Soviet, which, in the first period, discharged nation-wide functions, stood from the outset under the immediate influence of the revolutionary masses. The Central Committee, on the contrary, dwelt in the clouds of the revolutionary bureaucratic heights, cut off from the Petrograd workers and soldiers, and hostile to them.

It is sufficient to recall that the Central Committee considered it necessary to summon troops from the front for putting down the Petrograd demonstrations, which at the moment of the arrival of the troops, had actually been already disposed of by the demonstrating persons themselves. The philistine leaders committed political hara-kari when they failed to see anything but chaos, anarchy, and riot in the tendency—which was a natural outcome of the whole lay of the land—to equip the Revolution with the apparatus of authority. When they disarmed the Petrograd workers, and soldiers, the Tseretellis, Dans and Chernovs disarmed the advance-guard of the Revolution and inflicted irreparable injury on the influence of their own Executive Committee.

At present, face to face with the encroachments of the counter-revolution, these politicians talk of re-establishing the authority and


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 [(5) Nothing in this article or in sub-clause (g) of clause (1) of article 19 shall prevent the State from making any special provision, by law, for the advancement of any socially and educationally backward classes of citizens or for the Scheduled Castes or the Scheduled Tribes in so far as such special provisions relate to their admission to educational institutions including private educational institutions, whether aided or unaided by the State, other than the minority educational institutions referred to in clause (1) of article 30.]

[(6) Nothing in this article or sub-clause (g) of clause (1) of article 19 or clause (2) of article 29 shall prevent the State from making,—
 * (a) any special provision for the advancement of any economically weaker sections of citizens other than the classes mentioned in clauses (4) and (5); and
 * (b) any special provision for the advancement of any economically weaker sections of citizens other than the classes mentioned in clauses (4) and (5) in so far as such special provisions relate to their admission to educational institutions including private educational institutions, whether aided or unaided by the State, other than the minority educational institutions referred to in clause (1) of article 30, which in the case of reservation would be in addition to the existing reservations and subject to a maximum of ten per cent. of the total seats in each category.
 * Explanation.— For the purposes of this article and article 16, "economically weaker sections" shall be such as may be notified by the State from time to time on the basis of family income and other indicators of economic disadvantage.]

16. Equality of opportunity in matters of public employment.—(1) There shall be equality of opportunity for all citizens in matters relating to employment or appointment to any office under the State.
 * (2) No citizen shall, on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, descent, place of birth, residence or any of them, be ineligible for, or discriminated against in respect of, any employment or office under the State.
 * (3) Nothing in this article shall prevent Parliament from making any law prescribing, in regard to aclass or classes of employment or appointment to an office [under the Government of, or any local or other authority within, a State or Union territory, any requirement as to residence within that State or Union territory] prior to such employment or appointment.
 * (4) Nothing in this article shall prevent the State from making any provision for the reservation of appointments or posts in favour of any backward class of citizens which, in the opinion of the State, is not adequately represented in the services under the State.

 * [(4A) Nothing in this article shall prevent the State from making any provision for reservation [in matters of promotion, with consequential seniority, to any class] or classes of posts in the services under the State in favour of the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes which, in the opinion of the State, are not adequately represented in the services under the State.]

 * [(4B) Nothing in this article shall prevent the State from considering any unfilled vacancies of a year which are reserved for being filled up in that year in accordance with any provision for reservation made under clause (4) or clause (4A) as a separate class of vacancies to be filled up in any succeeding year or years and such class of vacancies shall not be considered together with the vacancies of the year in which they are being filled up for determining the ceiling of fifty per cent. reservation on total number of vacancies of that year.]

 * (5) Nothing in this article shall affect the operation of any law which provides that the incumbent of an


text: Kalevala (Kirby 1907)/Runo 4

title: Kalevala (Kirby 1907)/Runo 4


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Page:Carroll Lane Fenton - Darwin and the Theory of Evolution.djvu/28

 Rh tant agnostic, read a paper on the "Intellectual development of Europe considered with reference to the views of Mr. Darwin." The paper itself appears not to have possessed any great importance, but several of the statements which Dr. Draper made. and the conclusions which he drew made the religious faction in the Association furious. The Bishop of Oxford announced that he would speak upon the theory of descent, and the fight was on.

The excitement was tremendous. The Lecture Room, in which it had been arranged that the discussion should be held, proved far too small for the audience, and the meeting adjourned to the Library of the Museum, which was crammed to suffocation long before the champions entered the lists. The numbers were estimated at from 700 to 1000—a huge attendance for the British Association. Had it been during session of the University, or had the general public been admitted, it would have been impossible to have accommodated the rush to hear the oratory of the bold Bishop. Professor Henslow, who was president of the section, held the chair, and wisely announced at the beginning that none who had not valid arguments to bring forward on one side or the other would be allowed to address the meeting—a caution that proved necessary, for no fewer than four combatants had their utterances burked by him, because of their indulgence in vague declamation.

The Bishop was up to time, and spoke for fully half an hour with inimitable spirit, emptiness, and unfairness. It was evident from his handling of the subject that he had been "crammed" up to the throat, and that he knew nothing at first hand; in fact, he used no argument not to be found in his "Quarterly" article. He ridiculed Darwin badly, and Huxley savagely, but all in such dulcet tones,


text:
Page:Pelman v. McDonald's Corporation (S.D.N.Y. 2003).pdf/11

 have eaten at other outlets than the ones named in the Complaint.

With regard to the claims under the Consumer Protection Act, as discussed infra, plaintiffs fail to cite any specific advertisements or public statements that may be considered “deceptive” on the part of any of the defendants, including the outlets. In addition, while the Complaint does cite to specific omissions on the part of all defendants—namely the failure to include nutritional labeling at points of purchase —it does not claim that the outlets had any particular knowledge in their possession and not in the public’s possession that would require them to post such information. Therefore, the plaintiffs have not stated a claim against the outlets under the Consumer Protection Act.

Plaintiffs also cannot state the negligence claims against the outlets. First, plaintiffs have failed to establish that any of the defendants have produced a product that was so unhealthy as to be outside a reasonablereasonable’s [sic] consumer’s expectations. A larger problem is raised here with regard to probable cause than that pointed out later in the discussion of McDonalds’ motion to dismiss. Normally, a products liability action that is brought against retailers, distributors and manufacturers is premised on an injury that results from the use of a single item that was purchased from a particular retailer and distributor. Here, however, the claim is premised on an over-consumption of products specified and provided by the national defendant, McDonalds Corp. In order to establish proximate cause, the injury of over-consumption must somehow be tied to the outlets. Presumably, that would require, in addition to alleging the facts discussed infra, some allegation that plaintiffs ate primarily at the particular outlet. In the absence of such allegations, a claim against the outlets cannot stand.

 * B. McDonalds of New York

The inclusion of McDonalds of New York is more logical than the inclusion of two of the many of McDonalds outlets in New York State. Plaintiffs nonetheless fail to state a claim for similar reasons discussed above.

First, with regard to the Consumer Protection Act, there is no allegation of any specific advertisements or public statements arising from McDonalds of New York. Further, there is no allegation that McDonalds of New York had in its possession any particular knowledge that consumers did not have that would require it to promulgate information about the nutritional contents of the products. Therefore, the deceptive practices claim cannot stand against McDonalds of New York.

Second, the negligence claims fail for the same reasons discussed above an in greater detail below. There is no allegation that McDonalds of New York has produced or distributed a product that is so dangerous that its danger is outside the reasonable understanding of a consumer. Further, the proximate cause issues discussed below also inhibit this claim. It should be noted that the proximate cause


text:
Page:Kalevala (Kirby 1907) v1.djvu/69

Runo V]

Then he went, in sorrow sighing,

While his heart was filled with anguish,

To the blue lake’s rocky margin,

And he spoke the words which follow:

“Tell me, Untamo, thou sleeper,

Tell me all thy dreams, O idler,

Where to find the realm of Ahto,

Where dwell Vellamo’s fair maidens?”

Sleeper Untamo made answer,

And his dreams he thus repeated:

“There has Ahto fixed his country,

There dwell Vellamo’s fair maidens,

Near the cloud-encompassed headland,

Near the ever-misty island,

In the depths below the billows,

On the black ooze at the bottom.

“There has Ahto fixed his country,

There dwell Vellamo’s fair maidens,

Living in a narrow chamber,

In a little room abiding,

With the walls of varied marble,

In the depths beside the headland.”

Then the aged Väinämöinen

Hastened to his little vessel,

And he scanned his fishing-tackle,

And his hooks with care inspected;

Put the tackle in his pocket,

And the barbed hooks in his wallet.

Through the waves his boat he ferried,

Making for the jutting headland,

To the cape, with clouds encompassed,

And the ever-misty island.

Then he set about his fishing,

And he watched his angle closely,

And he held his hand-net ready,

Dropped his angle in the water,

And he fished, and tried his fortune,

While the rod of copper trembled,

And the thread of silver whistled,

And the golden line whirred loudly.

Rh

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