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Rh set by Fujiwara no Yoshifusa celebrated the rites of the season at his own palace. On the seventh day a White Horse was presented to the Grand Minister with exactly the same ceremonies as to the Emperor at Court; indeed, in many respects the festivities arranged by Genji exceeded in their magnificence anything that had ever been seen on such occasions save at the Palace itself. Towards the end of the second month came the Imperial Visit to the ex-Emperor Suzaku. It was too early for the blossoms to be quite at their best, but immediately afterwards came the ‘month of fasting’ in memory of the Emperor’s mother, so the Visit could not be postponed. Fortunately the cherry blossom was unusually early this year and in Suzaku’s gardens it already made a delightful show. A tremendous cleaning and polishing was set afoot at his palace in preparation for the Emperor’s arrival; and meanwhile the noblemen and princes who were to accompany his Majesty thought of nothing but their new clothes. They had been ordered to wear dove-grey lined with pale green; the Emperor himself was to be dressed all in crimson. By special command Genji was also in attendance on the day of the Visit, and he too wore red; so that frequently during the day the figure of the Emperor seemed to merge into that of his Minister, and it was as though the two of them formed but one crimson giant. Every one present had taken unusual pains with his appearance, and their host, the ex-Emperor, who had grown into a far better-looking man than at one time seemed possible, evidently took much more interest in such matters than before, and was himself magnificently apparelled.

Professional poets had not been summoned for the occasion, but only some ten scholars from the College who had the reputation of being able to turn out good verses.

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136 The subjects chosen were modelled on those given out to the competitors for posts in the Board of Rites. It was thought that it would be a good thing to give Yūgiri some idea of the themes given out at Palace examinations. That his mind might not be disturbed, each poet was set adrift on the lake all by himself, and it was with considerable alarm that these timid scholars, few of whom had ever set foot in a boat before, saw their moorings loosed and felt themselves gliding further and further away from the shore. As dusk drew on, boats with musicians on board began to circle the lake, and their tunes mingled agreeably with the sighing of the mountain wind. Here, thought Yūgiri, was a profession which brought one into pleasant contact with the world and at the same time entailed studies far less arduous than those to which he had been so heartlessly condemned; and he wandered about feeling very discontented.

Later on, the dance called ‘Warbling of the Spring Nightingales,’ was performed, and Suzaku, remembering that famous Feast of Flowers years ago said to Genji with a sigh: ‘What wonderful days those were! We shall not see their like again.’ There were indeed many incidents belonging to that time which even now Genji looked back upon with considerable emotion, and when the dance was over, he handed the wine bowl to Suzaku, reciting as he did so: ‘Spring comes, and still the sweet birds warble as of old; but altered and bereft are they that sit beneath the blossoming tree.’ To this Suzaku replied: ‘To-day the nightingales have come to tell me of the Spring. Else had no sunshine pierced the mists that hide my hermit’s-dwelling from the world’s pomp and pride.’ It was now the turn of Prince Sochi no Miya, who had recently become

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Rh President of the Board of War, to present the bowl. He did so, reciting the verse: ‘Speak not of change; unaltered through all ages shall the flute preserve their song, the nightingales that in the spring-time warble on the swaying bough.’ This was said with a glance towards the Emperor, and in loud clear voice, that the compliment might not be missed. Ryōzen was indeed gratified by the graceful allusion, but as he took the bowl he answered modestly: ‘If birds still sing and a few faded blossoms deck the tree, it is but in remembrance of those happier days when Virtue ruled the world.’ This was said with great earnestness and humility. All the above poems were exchanged privately and only overheard by a few privileged persons, and there were others which did not get recorded at all. The pavilion of the musicians was some way off, and Suzaku suggested that those about him should send for their instruments and make a little music of their own. Sochino Miya accordingly played on the lute, Tō no Chūjō on the Japanese zithern, while Suzaku himself played to the Emperor on the thirteen-stringed zithern. The Chinese zithern was as usual played by Genji. It was seldom that so gifted a band of performers chanced to meet in one place, and the concert that followed was of unforgettable beauty. Several of the courtiers present had good voices, and the songs ‘Was ever such a day!’ and the ‘Cherry Man’ were now performed. Finally torches were lit all round the edge of the island in the lake, and so the feast at last came to an end. But late as it was, Ryōzen felt that it would be uncivil on his part if he went away without paying his respects to Suzaku’s mother, Lady Kōkiden, who was living in the same house with him. Genji was naturally obliged to

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138 accompany him. The old lady received them in person and was evidently very much gratified by the visit. She had aged immensely since he last saw her; but here she still was, and it irritated him to think that she should hang on to life in this way, when a much younger woman like Fujitsubo was already in her grave. ‘My memory is not so good as it was,’ said Kōkiden, ‘but this visit of yours has brought back the old days to my mind more clearly than anything that has happened to me for a long time past.’ ‘Those upon whom I leaned have now been taken from me one after another,’ the Emperor replied, ‘and hitherto the year has had no spring-time for me. But my visit to your house to-day has at last dispelled my grief; I hope you will permit me to come here often….’ Genji too had to make a suitable speech, and had even to ask if he also might venture to call again. The procession left the house amid great scenes of popular enthusiasm, which painfully reminded the old lady of her complete failure to injure Prince Genji’s career. To govern he was born, and govern he would despite all her scheming. ‘Well, such is fate,’ she thought, and was almost sorry that she had wasted time contending against it.

It was natural that this visit should bring Oborozuki to his mind. Not that he had altogether ceased corresponding with her; for lately whenever an opportunity occurred, he had sent her a word or two of greeting. And now there rose before him on his way home many delightful recollections of the hours they had spent together.

As for Kōkiden, despite her professions of good will she did as a matter of fact intensely dislike all contact with the present Emperor and his government. But it was sometimes necessary to communicate with them concerning her own salary, or the preferment of her friends, and on such occasions she often wished that she had not

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Rh lived to see an age which was in all respects the reversal of what she herself had striven for. Old age had not improved her temper, and even Suzaku found her very difficult to get on with, and sometimes wondered how much longer he would be able to endure so trying a partnership.

So greatly had Yūgiri distinguished himself in the literary competitions which marked that day’s festivity, that upon the strength of them alone he was awarded the Doctor’s degree. Among those who had competed were many who were far older than he and some who were thought to possess remarkable ability. But besides Yūgiri only two others were passed. When the time of the autumn appointments came round he received the rank of Chamberlain. He longed as much as ever to see Lady Kumoi. But he knew that Tō no Chūjō had his eye upon him, and to force his way into her presence under such circumstances would have been so very disagreeable that he contented himself with an occasional letter. She, meanwhile, was fully as wretched as her young lover.

Genji had long had it in his mind, if only he could find a site sufficiently extensive and with the same natural advantages as the Nijō-in, to build himself a new palace where he could house under one roof the various friends whose present inaccessibility, installed as they were in remote country places, was very inconvenient to him. He now managed to secure a site of four machi in the Sixth Ward close to where Lady Rokujō had lived and at once began to build.

The fiftieth birthday of Murasaki’s father Prince Hyōbukyō was in the autumn of the following year. The preparations for this event were of course chiefly in her hands; but Genji too, seeing that on this occasion at any rate he must appear to have overcome his dislike of the

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140 prince, determined to give the affair an additional magnificence by holding the celebrations in his new house; and with this end in view he hurried on the work of construction as fast as he could. The New Year came, and still the place was far from finished. What with spurring on architects and builders, arranging for the Birthday Service, choosing the musicians, the dancers and the like, he had plenty to keep him busy. Murasaki herself had undertaken the decking of the scripture-rolls and images that would be used at the Service; as well as the customary distribution of presents and mementos. In these tasks she was aided by the Lady from the Village of Falling Flowers, and it was at this time that an intimacy sprang up between them such as had never existed before.

The rumour of these preparations soon reached Prince Hyōbukyō’s ears. After the general amnesty which succeeded his return from Suma, Genji in general made no difference between those who had remained loyal to his cause and those who had stood aloof from him. But from the first Hyōbukyō felt that in his case an exception was made. Over and over again he found himself treated with marked coldness, and the refusal to accept his younger daughter as a candidate for the Emperor’s hand, together with a number of other small but vexatious incidents, finally convinced him that he must at some time have given Genji particular offence. How this had occurred he was at a loss to conjecture; it was indeed the last thing in the world which he would have wished to happen. The fact that, among the many women upon whom Genji had bestowed his favours, it was Murasaki who had been chosen to be the mistress of his house, gave to Hyōbukyō, as her father, a certain worldly prestige. But it could by no means be said that he had hitherto taken a personal share in any of his daughter’s triumphs. This time however,

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Rh a celebration in which Hyōbukyō necessarily played the foremost part was being planned and prepared by Genji himself on a scale which had set the whole country talking. The prince began to hope that his old age would be lightened by a period of belated conspicuity, and he began to feel very well pleased with himself. This intensely irritated his wife, who could not endure that honours should come to him through the influence of her step-child, and saw no reason why Genji should so quickly be forgiven his obstructive attitude concerning the Presentation of her own little daughter.

The new palace was finished in the eighth month. The portions corresponding to the astrological signs Sheep and Monkey were reserved for Lady Akikonomu’s occasional use, for they stood on ground that her own suite of rooms had once occupied. The Dragon and Snake quarters were for Genji himself; while the Bull and Tiger corner was to be used by the Lady from the Village of Falling Flowers. Finally the Dog and Wild Boar quarters were made ready for the Lady from Akashi, in the hope that she would at last consent to instal herself under his roof.

He effected great improvement in the appearance of the grounds by a judicious handling of knoll and lake, for though such features were already there in abundance, he found it necessary here to cut away a slope, there to dam a stream, that each occupant of the various quarters might look out of her windows upon such a prospect as pleased her best. To the south-east he raised the level of the ground, and on this bank planted a profusion of early flowering trees. At the foot of this slope the lake curved with especial beauty, and in the foreground, just beneath

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142 the windows, he planted borders of cinquefoil, of red-plum, cherry, wistaria, kerria, rock-azalea, and other such plants as are at their best in spring-time; for he knew that Murasaki was in especial a lover of the spring; while here and there, in places where they would not obstruct his main plan, autumn beds were cleverly interwoven with the rest.

Akikonomu’s garden was full of such trees as in autumntime turn to the deepest hue. The stream above the waterfall was cleared out and deepened to a considerable distance; and that the noise of the cascade might carry further, he set great boulders in mid-stream, against which the current crashed and broke. It so happened that, the season being far advanced, it was this part of the garden that was now seen at its best; here indeed was such beauty as far eclipsed the autumn splendour even of the forests near Ōi, so famous for their autumn tints.

In the north-eastern garden there was a cool spring, the neighbourhood of which seemed likely to yield an agreeable refuge from the summer heat. In the borders near the house upon this side he planted Chinese bamboos, and a little further off, tall-stemmed forest-trees whose thick leaves roofed airy tunnels of shade, pleasant as those of the most lovely upland wood. This garden was fenced with hedges of the white deutzia flower, the orange tree ‘whose scent rewakes forgotten love,’ the briar-rose, and the giant peony; with many other sorts of bush and tall flower so skilfully spread about among them that neither spring nor autumn would ever lack in bravery.

On the east a great space was walled off, behind which rose the Racing Lodge ; in front of it the race-course was marked off with ozier hurdles; and as he would be resident here during the sports of the fifth month, all along the stream at this point he planted the appropriate purple

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Rh Effluvia for ome time afterwards, which will be longer or horter according to the goodness of the Electric, and the degree of the Antecedent commotion: which joyn'd together may ometimes make the effect coniderable, inomuch that in a warm day, about noon, I did with a certain body, not much, if at all, bigger than a Pen, but very vigorouly attractive, move to and fro a Steel Needle freely poyed, about three minutes (or the twentieth part of an hour) after I had left off rubbing the Attrahent.

8. That it may not eem impoible, that Electrical Effluvia hould be able to ininuate themelves into the pores of many other bodies, I hall adde, that I found them ubtile enough to attract not onely Spirit of Wine, but that fluid aggregate of Corpucles we call Smoak. For having well lighted a Wax-taper, which I preferred to a common Candle to avoid the tink of the nuff, I blew out the flame; and, when the moak acend-

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Rh irises. Opposite were the stables with stalls for his race-horses, and quarters for the jockeys and grooms. Here were gathered together the most daring riders from every province in the kingdom. To the north of Lady Akashi’s rooms rose a high embankment, behind which lay the storehouses and granaries, screened also by a close-set wall of pine-trees, planted there on purpose that she might have the pleasure of seeing them when their boughs were laden with snow; and for her delight in the earlier days of the winter there was a great bed of chrysanthemums, which he pictured her enjoying on some morning when all the garden was white with frost. Then there was the mother-oak (for was not she a mother?) and, brought hither from wild and inaccessible places, a hundred other bushes and trees, so seldom seen that no one knew what names to call them by.

The move was to take place about the time of the Festival of the Further Shore. He had at first intended to transfer all the occupants at one time. But it soon became apparent that this would be too vast an undertaking, and it was arranged that Lady Akikonomu should not arrive till somewhat later than the rest. With her usual amiability and good-sense the Lady from the Village of Falling Flowers readily fell in with the suggestion that she and her party should not form a separate cortège, but should join with Murasaki in the ceremony of removal. Genji regretted that the latter was not going to see her new domain at the season for which it had been principally designed; but still, the move itself was a diverting experience. There were fifteen coaches in the procession and almost all the outriders were

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144 gentlemen of the fourth or fifth rank. The ordering of the procession was not so elaborate as might have been expected, for it seemed likely at the moment that too lavish a display might try the temper of the common people, and some of the more ostentatious forms and ceremonies were either omitted or abridged.

But Genji was careful not to let it seem that any of these restrictions had been carried out to the detriment of one lady rather than another. The Lady from the Village of Falling Flowers had indeed nothing to complain of, for Yūgiri had been told off to wait upon her exclusively during the whole ceremony. The gentlewomen and maids found their quarters in the new house admirably fitted out with every comfort and convenience, and they were louder than ever in Genji’s praises. About six days later the Empress Akikonomu arrived from the Palace. The ceremony of her arrival, though it had been intended that the whole move should be as little ostentatious as possible, was necessarily a very sumptuous and imposing affair. Not only had she risen from obscurity to the highest place which a woman can hold in the land, but she had herself advanced so much in beauty and acquired so great a dignity of carriage and mien that she now figured very large in the popular imagination, and crowds flocked the road wherever she was to pass.

The various quarters of which the New Palace was composed were joined by numerous alleys and covered ways, so that access from one to another was easy, and no one felt that she had been bundled away into a corner. When the ninth month came and the autumn leaves began to be at their best, the splendours of Akikonomu’s new garden were at last revealed, and indeed the sights upon which her windows looked were indescribably lovely. One evening when the crimson carpet was ruffled by a gusty wind, she filled a little box with red leaves from different trees and

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Rh sent it to Murasaki. As messenger she chose one of the little girls who waited upon her. The child, a well grown, confident little thing, came tripping across the humped wooden bridge that led from the Empress’s apartments with the utmost unconcern. Pleased though Murasaki was to receive this prompt mark of friendship, she could for a while do nothing but gaze with delight at the messenger’s appearance, and she quite forgot to be resentful, as some in her place would have been, that an older and more dignified messenger had not been entrusted with the Empress’s gift. The child wore a silk shirt, yellow outside and lined with green. Her mantle was of brown gauze. She was used to running about on messages in the Palace, had that absolute faultlessness of turn-out and bearing which seems never to be found elsewhere, and was far from being overawed at finding herself in the presence of such a person as Lady Murasaki. Attached to the box was the poem: ‘Though yours be a garden where only Spring-time is of price, suffer it that from my house Autumn should blow a crimson leaf into your hand.’ It was amusing to see how while Murasaki read the missive, her ladies crowded round the little messenger and plied her with refreshments and caresses. For answer, Murasaki placed in the lid of the box a carpet of moss and on it laid a very little toy rock. Then she wrote on a strip of paper tied to a sprig of five-pointed pine: ‘The light leaf scatters in the wind, and of the vaunted spring no tinge is left us, save where the pine-tree grips its ledge of stone.’

The Empress thought at first that it was a real pine-branch. But when she looked closer she saw that, like the rock, it was a work of art—as delicate and ingenious a piece of craftsmanship as she had ever encountered. The readiness of Murasaki’s answer and the tact with which, while not exalting her own favourite season above that of

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146 Akikonomu’s choice, she had yet found a symbol to save her from tame surrender, pleased the Empress and was greeted as a happy stroke by all the ladies who were with her. But Genji when she showed it to him pretended to think the reply very impertinent, and to tease Murasaki he said to her afterwards: ‘I think you received these leaves most ungraciously. At another season one might venture perhaps upon such disparagement; but to do so now that the Goddess of Tatsuta holds us all in sway seems almost seditious. You should have bided your time; for only from behind the shelter of blossoming boughs could such a judgment be uttered with impunity.’ So he spoke; but he was in reality delighted to find these marks of interest and good will being exchanged between the various occupants of his house, and he felt that the new arrangement was certain to prove a great success.

When the Lady of Akashi heard of the removal to the New Palace and was told that only her own quarters, as spacious and handsome as any of the rest, now remained untenanted, she determined at last to hold aloof no longer. It was the Godless month when she arrived. She looked around her and, mistrustful though she was, she certainly could see no sign here that as regards either elegance or comfort she would be expected to put up with less than her neighbours. And indeed Genji saw to it that on all occasions she should rank in the eyes of the household rather as mother of the little Princess for whom so brilliant a future was in store, than as the scion of a poor and undistinguished provincial family.

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text: A Wreath of Cloud/Chapter 3

title: A Wreath of Cloud/Chapter 3


text:
Page:The lay of the Nibelungs; (IA nibelungslay00hortrich).pdf/486

408 Lord of the marches on the right bank of the Danube in Bavaria, 1545, 1603, etc.

The river Ens, 1301.

Son of Botelung, and king of the Huns, known in history as Attila, 2, etc.

Etzel’s residence, Ofen, in Hungary, 1379.

Efferding on the Danube, 1302.

A Bavarian noble, brother of Else, 1546, 1602, etc.

One of Dietrich’s followers, 2281, 2323.

A margrave and kinsman of the Burgundian kings, 9, etc., 741.

The second son of Dankrat and Uté, 4, etc.

A king at Etzel’s court, 1343, 1352, 1880.

The youngest son of Dankrat and Uté, 4, etc.

The wife of Rüdeger of Bechelaren, 1159, 1649, etc.

A residence of Etzel’s, 1497.

The eldest of the three Burgundian kings, 4, etc. Also the name of Siegfried’s and Kriemhilda’s infant son, 716, 780.

Hadburga (Hadeburc). One of the two mermaids of the Danube, to whom Hagen spoke, 1535.

Lord of Troneg or Tronjé, elder son of Aldrian, brother of Dankwart, and a kinsman of the Burgundian kings, 9, etc.; appearance described, 1734.

(Háwart). A Danish prince living at Etzel’s court, 1807, 2031, 2073, etc.

An ancient town in Hungary, on the Austrian border, 1376.

(Helche). Etzel’s first wife, known to history as Erca, 1143, 1381, etc.

One of Dietrich’s men, 2261.

(Helpfrich). One of Dietrich’s men, 2241, 2261, 2291, etc.

Daughter of Nantwin and of Helka’s sister, 1381.

An old retainer and master in arms of Dietrich, 1718, 2271, etc.

A young lady, formerly at Etzel’s court, 1756.

One of Etzel’s men, 1344, 1880.

Chamberlain of the Burgundian kings, 10, etc.

Equivalent to Hungary, passim.

(Isenland or Island). Brunhilda’s country. Literally “the iron land,” identical in name, if not in position, with the modern Iceland. See Adv. vi, 418, 550, 580. By some it is identified with Ysselland, the province of Upper Yssel.


text: Page:Brinkley - Japan - Volume 8.djvu/485


text: Leigh Hunt’s London Journal

title: Leigh Hunt’s London Journal


text: Leigh Hunt’s London Journal/Volume 2

title: Leigh Hunt’s London Journal/Volume 2


text: Page:Brinkley - Japan - Volume 8.djvu/486


text:
Template talk:Floating quotation mark

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If used, it only shows the single quote. An example: https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Page:Girls_of_Central_High_on_the_Stage.djvu/65 David Nind (talk) 19:35, 17 December 2023 (UTC)

 * @David Nind The page you linked to is working as expected for me: before "William Wright was often wrong", I see a double quotation mark ", followed by a small space, followed by a single quotation mark ', all to the left of the start of the line.

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 * -- Yodin T 21:44, 17 December 2023 (UTC)
 * Thanks for looking! I should have tried in Google Chrome/Chromium before making a comment - it displays correctly with these browsers. Must by something with my Firefox setup and any plugins/themes/settings (displays correctly in Firefox Developer Edition without being logged in to Wikisource). David Nind (talk) 05:12, 18 December 2023 (UTC)

title: Template talk:Floating quotation mark


text: Leigh Hunt’s London Journal/Volume 2/26 September 1835


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 imitations of Horace, one appeared in 1734 (the second satire of the second book), and four more (the first and sixth epistles of the first book and the first and second of the second book) in 1738. Finally, in 1737, he published two dialogues, first called "1738" and afterwards "The Epilogue to the Satires," which are in the same vein as the epistle to Arbuthnot. These epistles and imitations of Horace, with the so-called prologue and epilogue, took up the greatest part of Pope's energy during the years in which his intellect was at its best, and show his finest technical qualities. The Essay on Man was on hand during the early part of this period, the epistles and satires representing a ramification from the same inquiry. But the essay shows the weak side of Pope, whilst his most remarkable qualities are best represented by these subsidiary writings. The reason will be sufficiently apparent after a brief examination, which will also give occasion for saying what still remains to be said in regard´ to Pope as a literary artist.

The weakness already conspicuous in the Essay on Man mars the effect of the Ethic Epistles. His work tends to be rather an aggregation than an organic whole. He was (if I may borrow a phrase from the philologists) an agglutinative writer, and composed by sticking together independent fragments. His mode of composition was natural to a mind incapable of sustained and continuous thought. In the epistles, he professes to be working on a plan. The first expounds his favourite theory (also treated in the essay) of a ruling passion." Each man has such a passion, if only you can find it, which explains the apparent inconsistency of his conduct. This theory, which has exposed him to a charge of fatalism (especially from people who did not very well know what fatalism

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 354

stand on a little fire, to keep them warm for half an hour; then put all into a bason, and cover them, let them stand till the next day; then put the syrup from them, and set it on the fire, and when is is very hot, put it on your damosins: this do twice a day for three days together; then draw the syrup from the damosins, and lay them in an earthen dish, and set them in an oven after bread is drawn; when the oven is cold, take them and turn them, and lay them upon clean dishes; set them in the sun, or in another oven, till they are dry.

TAKE the quinces, pare them and core them, put them into water as you pare them, to be kept from blacking, then boil them so tender that a quarter of straw will go through, them; then take their weight of sugar, and beat them, break the quinces with the back of a spoon; and then put in the su- gar, and let them boil fall uncovered, till they slide from the bottom of the pan: you may make paste of the same, only dry it in a stove, drawing it out into what form you please.

TAKE your plumbs before they have stones in them, which you may know by putting a pin through them; then coddle them in many waters, till they are as green as grass: peel them and coddle them again; you must take the weight of them in sugar, and make a syrup; put to your sugar a jack of water: then put them in, set them on the fire to boil slowly, till they be clear, skimming them often, and they will be very green. Put them up in glasses, and keep them for use.

TAKE two pounds of cherries, one pound and an half of sugar, half a pint of fair water, melt your sugar in it; when it is melted, put in your other sugar and your cherries; then boil them softly, till all the sugar be melted; then boil them fast, and skim them; take them off two or three times and shake them, and put them on again, and let them boil fast; and when they are of a good colour, and the syrup will stand, they are enough


text: Leigh Hunt’s London Journal/Volume 2/26 September 1835/Characters of Shakspeare’s Plays


text: Leigh Hunt’s London Journal/Volume 2/26 September 1835/The Spirit’s Summons


text: Leigh Hunt’s London Journal/Volume 2/26 September 1835/Romance of Real Life


text: Leigh Hunt’s London Journal/Volume 2/26 September 1835/Table Talk


text:
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14 acended in a lender tream, held, at a convenient ditance from it, an excited piece of Amber or a chafed Diamond, which would manifetly make the acending moak deviate from its former line, and turn aide, to beat, as it were, againt the Electric, which, if it were vigorous, would act at a coniderable ditance, and eemed to moak for a pretty while together.

9. That 'tis not in any peculiar Sympathy between an Electric and a body whereon it operates, that Electrical Attraction depends, eems the more probaleprobable [sic], becaue Amber, for intance, does not attract onely one determinate ort of bodies, as the Loadtone does Iron, and thoe bodies wherein it abounds; but as far as I have yet tried, it draws indifferently all bodies whatoever, being plac'd within a due ditance from it, (as my choicet piece of Amber draws not onely Sand and Mineral Powders, but Filings of Steel and Copper, and beaten Gold it elf) pro-

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Rh provided they be minute or light enough, except perhaps it be fire: I employ the word perhaps, becaue I am not yet o clear in this point. For having applied a trong Electric a convenient ditance to mall fragments of ignited matter, they were readily enough attracted, and hin'd, whilt they were ticking to the body that had drawn them: But when I look'd attentively upon them, I found the hining parks to be, as it were, cloath'd with light ahes, which, in pite of my diligence, had been already form'd about the attracted Corpucles, upon the expiring of a good part of the fire; o that it remain'd omewhat doubtful to me, whether the ignited Corpucles, whilt they were totally uch, were attracted; or whether the immediate objects of the Attraction were not the new form'd ahes, which carried up with them thoe yet unextinguished parts of fire, that chanc'd to be lodg'd in them. But, as for flame, our Countreyman Gil-

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16 Gilbert delivers as his Experiment, That an Electric, though duly excited and applied, will not move the flame of the lenderet Candle. Which ome will think not o eaie to be well tried with common Electricks, as Amber, hard Wax, Sulphur, and the like unctuous Concretes, that very eaily take fire: Therefore I choe to make my Trial with a rough Diamond extraordinarily attractive, which I could, without injuring it, hold as near as I pleas'd to the flame of a Candle or Taper; and though I was not atisfi'd that it did either attract the flame, as it viibly did the moak, or manifetly agitate it; yet granting that Gilbert's Aertion will contantly hold true, and o, that flame is to be excepted from the general Rule, yet this exception may well comport with the Hypotheis hitherto countenanc'd ince it may be aid, as 'tis, if I mitake not, by Kirkerus, that the heat of the flame diipates the Effluvia, by whoe means the At- tracti-

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 Rh

TAKE the ripest and best barberries you can find: take the weight of them in sugar; then pick out the seeds and tops, wet your sugar with the juice of them, and make a syrup; then put in your barberries, and when they boil, take them off and shake them and set them on again, and let them boil, and repeat the same, till they are clean enough to put into glasses.

TAKE three pounds of well-dried flour, one nutmeg, a lit- tle mace and salt, and almost half a pound of carraway comfits; mix these well together, and melt half a pound of butter in a pint of sweet thick cream, fix spoonfuls of good sack, four yolks and three whites of eggs, and near a pint of good light yeast; work there well together, and cover if, and set it down to the fire to rise: then let them rest, and lay the remainder, the half pound of carraways on the top of the wiggs, and put them upon papers well floured and dried, and let them have as quick an oven as for tarts.

TAKE the pulp of fruit, rubbed through a hair-sieve, and to three ounces of pulp take six ounces of sugar, finely sierced; dry your sugar very well, till it be very, hot, heat the pulp also very hot, and put it to your sugar, and heat it on the fire, till it be almost at boiling; then pour it on the glasses or trenchers, and set it on the stove, till you see it will leave the glasses, (but before it begins to candy) take them off, and turn them upon papers in what form you please; you may colour them red with clove gilliflowers steeped in the juice of lemon.

TAKE the oranges and weigh them; to a pound of oranges take half a pound of pippins, and almost half a pint of water; a pound and a half of sugar; pare your oranges very thin, and save the peelings, then take off the skins, and boil them till they are very tender, and the bitterness is gone out of them, In the mean time pare your pippins, and slice them into water, and boil them till they arc clear, pick out the meat from the skins of your oranges, before you boil them; and add to that meat the meat of one lemon; then take the peels you have boiled tender, and shred them, or cut them into very thick slices, what length


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Rh traction hould be perform'd. To which I hall adde, that poibly the Celerity of the motion of the Flame upwards, may render it very difficult for the Electrical Emanations to divert the Flame from its Coure.

10. We have found by Experiment, That a vigorous and well excited piece of Amber will draw, not onely the powder of Amber, but les minute fragments of it. And as in many caes one contrary directs to another, o this Trial uggeted a further, which, in cae of good ucces, would probably argue, that in Electrical Attraction not onely Effluvia are emitted by the Electrical body, but thee Effluvia faten upon the body to be drawn, and that in uch a way, that the intervening vicous trings, which may be uppoed to be made up of thoe cohering Effluvia, are, when their agitation ceaes, contracted or made to hrink inwards towards both ends, almot as a highly tretch'd Lute-tring does when 'tis permitted to retreat into horter

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 355

you please then set the sugar on the fire with seven or eight spoonfuls of water, skim it clean, then put in the peel, and the meat of the oranges and lemons, and the pippins, and so boil them; put in as much of the outward rind of the oranges as you think fit, and so boil them till they are enough,

TAKE half a pound of the whitest flour, and a pound of sugar beaten small, two ounces of butter cold, one spoonful of carraway-feeds, steeped all night in vinegar: then put in three yolks of eggs, and a little rose-water, work your paste altogether; and after that beat it with a rolling-pin, till it be light; then roll it out thin, and cut it with a glass, lay it thin on plates buttered, and prick them with a pin; then take the yolks of two eggs, beaten with rose-water, and rub them over with it; then set them into a pretty quick oven, and when they are brown take them out and lay them in a dry place.

TAKE your orange, and cut a round hole in the top, take out all them eat, and as much of the white as you can with out breaking the skin: then boil them in water till tender, shifting the water till it is not bitter; then take them up and wipe them dry: then take a pound of fine sugar, a quart of water, or in proportion to the oranges; boil it, and take off the scum as it riseth: then put in your oranges, and let them boil a little, and let them lie a day or two in the syrup; then take the yolks of two eggs, a quarter of a pint of cream (or more), beat them well together; then grate in two Naples biscuits, (or white bread) a quarter of a pound of butter, and four spoonfuls of sack; mix it all together till your butter is melted; then fill the oranges with it, and bake them in a slow oven as long as you would a custard, then stick in some cut citron, and till them up with sack, butter, and sugar grated over.

GRATE the outward rind of three lemons; take three quarters of a pound of sugar, and the same of butter, the yolks of eight eggs, beat them in a marble mortar, at least an hour; then lay a thin rich cruft in the bottom of the dish you bake it in, as you may something also over it: three quarters of an hour will bake it. Make an orange-pudding the same way, but pare


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18 horter Dimenions. But the Conjecture it elf was much more eaie to be made than the Experiment requiite to examine it. For we found it no eaie matter to upend an Electric, great and vigorous enough, in uch a manner, that it might, whilt upended, be excited, and be o nicely poied, that o faint a force as that wherewith it attracts light bodies should be able to procure a Local Motion to the whole Body it elf. But after ome fruitles attempts with other Electricks, I had recoure to the very vigorous piece of polih'd Amber, formerly mention'd, and when we had with the help of a little Wax upended it by a ilken thread, we chafed very well one of the blunt edges of it upon a kind of large Pin-cuhion cover'd with a coure and black woollen tuff, and then brought the Electric, as oon as we could, to ettle notwithtanding its hanging freely at the bottom of the tring. This coure of rubbing on the edge of the Amber we pitch'd upon

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Rh upon for more than one reaon; for if we had chafed the flat ide, the Amber could not have approached the body it had been rub'd on without making a change of place in the whole Electric, and, which is wore, without making it move (contrary to the nature of heavy bodies) omewhat upwards; whereas the Amber having, by reaon of its upenion, its parts counterpoied by one another; to make the excited edge approach to another body, that edge needed not at all acend, but onely be moved horizontally, to which way of moving the gravity of the Electric (which the tring kept from moving downwards) could be but little or no hinderance. And agreeably to this we found, that if, as oon as the upended and well rubb'd Electric was brought to ettle freely, we applied to the chafed edge, but without touching it, the lately mention'd Cuhion, which, by reaon of its rough Superficies and poroity, was fit for the Electrical Efflu-

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Page:NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE SURVEY 18; CZECHOSLOVAKIA; THE SOCIETY CIA-RDP01-00707R000200110015-7.pdf/13

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1. Distribution and density

The distribution of Czechoslovakia's population is fairly even throughout the 10 administrative regions (kraje), with the heaviest concentration in central and northern Bohemia around Prague, the two kraje which occupy the former territory of Moravia, and western Slovakia around Bratislava. The least populous areas are southern and western Bohemia and predominantly mountainous central and eastern Slovakia.

As reported at midyear 1971, 42.3% of the total population lived in Bohemia, which comprises 41.3% of the national territory. Another 26.0% of the population lived in Moravia, which constitutes 20.4% of the land, and the remaining 31.7% lived in Slovakia, which makes up 38.3% of the total area (Figure 3).

With a population density of 292 persons per square mile at midyear 1971, Czechoslovakia ranked second in Eastern Europe to similarly industrialized East Germany. Like Eastern Europe in general, however, Czechoslovakia has a lower density than most nations of Western Europe. The highest densities outside the major cities occur along the East German border, in central Moravia, and in the Danube basin (see population inset to Summary Map in Country Profile chapter). No large area of Czechoslovakia can be called sparsely populated by U.S. standards, as only one kraj had fewer than 200 persons per square mile in 1971.

Throughout the years the population concentrations were centered in the more industrialized Czech Lands, but long-term trends indicate that a redistribution of population is taking place throughout the country, as noted in the following percentage distribution:

As indicated by Bohemia's declining share of the total national population, out-migration and a declining birth rate are major population trends in Czechoslovakia's industrial region. More significant, however, is the movement of rural people into urban areas, especially to the rapidly growing cities and towns of Slovakia and Moravia. Total internal migration numbered 392,711 persons in 1971, of which 42.9% occurred within the same okres (district). In 24.6% of the moves, the migration was from one okres to another in the same kraj, while 27% were from one kraj to another. Only 5.5% of the moves were between the Czech Lands and Slovakia.

Czechoslovakia is essentially a country of small cities and towns (Figure 4). With more than 62% of the 1970 population living in cities and towns of over 2,000 inhabitants, Czechoslovakia is the second most urbanized country in Eastern Europe, surpassed only by East Germany. The emphasis put on industrialization has resulted in a 37% increase in the urban population since 1946. The rate of urban growth, however, is well below that of most other Eastern European countries because, like East Germany, Czechoslovakia had a much higher proportion of urban population to begin with. As was true in most of Eastern Europe, the greatest increase in urban

7

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20 Effluvia to faten upon, the edge would manifetly be drawn aide by the Cuhion teadily held, and if this were lowly removed, would follow it a good ways and when this body no longer detain'd it, would return to the poture wherein it had ettled before. And this power of approaching the Cuhion by vertue of the operation of its own teams, was o durable in our vigorous piece of Amber, that by once chafing it, I was able to make it follow the Cuhion no les than ten or eleven times. Whether from uch Experiments one may argue, that 'tis but, as 'twere, by accident that Amber attracts another body, and not this the Amber; and whether thee ought to make us quetion, if Eletricks may with o much propriety, as has been hitherto generally uppoed, be aid to Attract, are doubts that my Deign does not here oblige me to examine.

Some other Phænomena might be added of the ame Tendency with thoe

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Rh thoe already mention'd, (as the advantage that Electrical Bodies uually get by having well polih'd or at leat mooth Surfaces,) but the Title of this paper promiing ome Experiments about the Production of Electricity, I mut not omit to recite, how I have been ometimes able to produce or detroy this Quality in certain bodies, by means of alterations, that appear'd not to be other than Mechanical.

Nd firt, having with a very mild heat lowly evaporated about a fourth part of good Turpentine, I found, that the remaining body would not, when cold, continue a Liquor, but harden'd into a tranparent Gum almot like Amber, which, as I look'd for, proved Electrical. EX-

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Page:The lay of the Nibelungs; (IA nibelungslay00hortrich).pdf/487

Rh

(Irinc). Described as a liegeman of Haward, a Danish lord living at Etzel’s court, 1807, 2031, etc.

A landgrave of Thuringia, at Etzel’s court, 1804, 2031, 2070, etc.

Brunhilda’s castle, 384.

(Kiewe). A city in Russia, 1340.

(Kriemhilt). Daughter of Dankrat and Uté, 2, etc.

King of Denmark, 140, etc.

Prince of Saxony, brother of Ludegast, 140, etc.

Lochheim (Loche). The place on the Rhine where the Nibelung Hoard was sunk, 1137.

Molk in Austria, 1328.

Wieselburg on the Danube, 1377.

A place on the Danube below Pföringen, 1591.

In Austria, on the Danube, 1329.

Herrat’s father, 1381.

The first-mentioned possessor of the hoard, and of the sword Balmung. His sons were Nibelung and Schilbung, and his stronghold is located in Norway, 87, 739.

The sons of Nibelung and their men, 87, 580. The name afterwards seems to be applied to the possessors of the hoard and finally to the Burgundians, 617, 1523, 1715, 1726, 1737, 1900, 2379.

484, 524, 778.

Son of Gotelinda, described as slain by Witege, 1699, 1903, 1907, etc.

The son of Etzel and Kriemhilda, killed by Hagen, 1388, 1913, 1961, etc.

of Metz. Nephew of Hagen and high sewer to the Burgundian kings, 9, 11, 81, etc.

A city on the Danube, 1296, 1627.

The name of a place or tribe (Pescenære) tributary to Etzel, 1340.

(Vergen). A place on the Danube below Ingoldstadt, 1291.

, or. A bishop of Passau, who is represented as the uncle of the Burgundian kings and of Kriemhilda, 1428, 1628. The actual Bishop of Passau of that name held the see from 971-991.


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410

A duke of Wallachia at Etzel’s court, 1343, 1880.

One of Dietrich’s men, 2281.

Margrave of Bechelaren, 1147, 1630, etc.

Kitchen-master to the Burzundian kings, 10, etc.

or Xanten. On the Lower Rhine, the dwelling-place of Siegmund, 20, 708.

One of the Nibelung brothers, 87, 721.

A district in Franconia, north of the Danube, 1525.

A fiddler of King Etzel’s, sent with Werbelin as envoy to Worms, 1374, 1412.

A knight at Etzel’s court, 1880.

(Sigelint}. One of the mermaids encountered by Hagen, 1539.

Dietrich’s nephew, described as a duke from Bern, 2258, 2284, etc.

Son of Siegmund, 21, etc. Also the name of the infant son of Gunther and Brunhild, 719.

(Sigelint). Wife of Siegmund, and mother of Siegfried, 20, etc.

(Siegemunt). King of Netherland, father of Siegfried, 20, etc.

Cup-bearer to the Burgundian kings, 10, 11.

A well-known forest in N.W. Bavaria, 967.

An aged bishop of that see is mentioned, 1508.

The Hood of Invisibility taken by Siegfried from the Niblungs, 97, 337.

1345, 1877.

A river in Austria, upon which, at its confluence with the Danube, stands Traisenmauer, the abode of Queen Helka, 1331, 1332.

, or Troneg. The birth-place of Hagen, 9, etc.

A tributary of the Danube, 1304.

(Tuln). A town on the Danube, 1341, 1361.

(Uote), Wife of Dankrat, and mother of the three kings and Kriemhild, 7, etc.

(Waske). The name of Iring’s sword, 2051.

(Waskensteine). A rock in the Vosges or Waskenwalde, 2344.

of Alsace. A vassal of the Burgandian kings, called “the Fiddler” from his skill in music, 9, etc., 1477, 1584, 1652, 1833, etc.

of Spain. A boy who was brought up as a hostage at Etzel’s court, and afterwards fled with Hildegund, 1756, 1797, 2344.

The Vosges, 911.


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Rh A fiddler or minstrel of King Erzel’s; fellow-envoy with Schwemmelin, 1374, 1413, 1964.

One of Dietrich’s men, 2281, 2323.

The slayer of Nudung, 1699.

One of Dietrich’s men, nephew of Hildebrand, 1719, 1807, 2239, 2292, etc.

One of Dietrich’s men, 2261, 2281, 2322, etc.

One of Dietrich’s men, 2259, 2278, 2322.

(Zazamanc). A town, presumably in the east, famed for silk, 362.


text: The Lay of the Nibelungs/Index of Proper Names


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174 of the Laws. The Lex Romana of Alaric II had only copied those of the Roman laws which were least favourable to the Jews. It therefore preserved the separation of races, counting marriages of Jews and Christians no better than adultery, and forbade the Jews to hold Christian slaves or to fill public offices. But it upheld their religious freedom, the jurisdiction of their judges, and the use of Jewish law. But custom was more favourable to them than law, for mixed marriages took place in spite of the law, the Jews held public offices, and bought and circumcised Christian slaves. Recared put the laws in force, and further commanded to baptise the children of mixed marriages (Third Council of Toledo). Sisebut went further, and began the persecution of the Jews. He made two series of regulations on the subject. One of these, which appears in the Forum Judicum, restores and sharpens the laws of Recared; the other included an order to baptise all the Jews, under penalty of banishment and confiscation of goods.

What was the cause of this intolerance? It has been attributed to the influence of the clergy; but against this opinion we must set the disapproval of Isidore of Seville in his Historia, and of the Fourth Council of Toledo, over which the same prelate presided. Equally untrustworthy is the statement that these measures were forced upon Sisebut by the Emperor Heraclius, in the treaty made between them to which we have already alluded, for there is no text to bear out this statement, and moreover, the analogous case which Fredegar attributes to King Dagobert is equally unproved. All that we know for a fact is that Sisebut adopted the measure without consulting any Council, so that we must attribute the king's resolution either to his own inclination (Sisebut's piety led him to write Lives of the Saints, for instance, the well-known life of St Desiderius), or to the desire of obtaining possession of property by means of confiscation, or of gaining money from the sale of dispensations. Such were certainly his motives on other occasions. Moreover, he claimed religious authority for himself, for he considered that he was the ecclesiastical head of the bishops, and behaved as such. It is possible that he was also indirectly influenced by the fact that the Jews had assisted the Persians and Arabs in their wars against the Christians of the East. The immediate result of the law was that the greater part of the Jews received baptism, and that, according to the Chronicle of Paulus Emilius, only a few thousands (aliquot millia) sought refuge in Gaul. But this effect must have been short-lived, for we know that, nineteen years later, there were in Spain Jews who had not been baptised and others who had reverted to their former religion.


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62 procedure. About forty deal with the law of the family and of succession to property on death. Some are careful consolidations of the law on one subject, some are of miscellaneous content. These constitutions with a few issued by his near successors are called Novellae, and as being the latest legislation supersede or amend some parts of the Digest, Code, and Institutes, which with them form the Corpus Juris as received by European nations. Almost all are written in Greek, whereas very little Greek occurs in the Digest (chiefly in extracts from the third-century lawyer, Modestinus) and not much relatively in the Code. An old Latin Version of many of the Novels, probably prepared in Justinian's lifetime, is often quoted by old lawyers under the name of Authenticum. It is a significant fact that only eighteen of the Novels, and those almost wholly administrative, are dated after the year of Tribonian's death (546), though Justinian survived him nearly twenty years. One may be sure that it was Tribonian who suggested and organised this great reform of the law, though no doubt it owed much also to the good sense and persistence of the Emperor.

It would not be practicable to give anything like an adequate summary of Justinian's law books within the limits which can be assigned to it in a general history. His own Institutes contain an authoritative and readable account, which however on some matters, especially marriage and inheritance, requires correction from the Novels. But summary information may be given here on such topics as the position of slaves, freedmen, and serfs; of the power of the head of a family; of marriage, divorce, and succession to property; of some leading principles of contract, of criminal law, and of procedure.

In Rome the household comprised as well as freemen, and slaves gave occasion to a great deal of legal subtlety. Theoretically they were only live chattels, without property or legal rights, absolutely at the disposal of their owner, who had full power of life and death over them. But at all periods, more or less largely, theory was modified in practice, partly by natural feeling towards members of the same household, partly by public opinion. Antoninus Pius, either from policy or philosophic pity, so far interfered between master and slave as to make it a criminal offence for a master to kill his own slave without cause, and he required one who treated his slave with intolerable cruelty to sell him on fair terms. Constantine (319) went still further and directed any master who intentionally killed his slave with a club or stone or weapon or threw him to wild beasts or poisoned or burnt him to death to be charged with homicide. But discipline was not to suffer, and therefore


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Rh occasionally this or that extract might be moved to some other place, sometimes to form an apt commencement for the title, in one case (Book xx, title 1) by way of honour to Papinian.

Justinian's work was thus not a codification, as we understand the word, but a consolidation of the law, both of the jus and the leges, as it may be called, of the Common and the Statute Law. It was consolidation combined with amendment. The removal of obsolete law and of consequent reference led necessarily to innumerable corrections both of substance and of wording. Whatever criticism this mode of solving the problem may justly receive, it had two great merits. It gave the Roman world within a short time a practical statement of the law in use, cleared of what was obsolete and disputable, full in detail, terse in expression, familiar in language, and of unquestionable and exclusive authority. And it has preserved for the civilised world in all ages a large amount of the jurisprudence of the best trained Roman lawyers of the best age, which but for Tribonian would in all probability have been wholly lost.

But Tribonian was not satisfied with this achievement. In preparing the Digest it was found desirable formally to repeal parts of the old law, and for this purpose fifty constitutions were issued. On this and other accounts Justinian directed him with the aid of Dorotheus, a professor at Berytus, and of three eminent lawyers in the Courts at Constantinople to take the Code in hand, to insert the new matter, to omit what were repetitions, and thoroughly to revise the whole. This second or revised Code is what we have. It took effect from 29 December 534. The earliest constitution in it is one of Hadrian's and there are few before Severus, the jurists' writings having embodied earlier ones so far as they were of general and permanent application. Many rescripts of Diocletian are given, but none of subsequent Emperors. Many constitutions are much abridged or altered from the form in which they appear in the Theodosian Code, which itself contained often only an abridgment of the originals.

A manual for students (the Institutes) founded largely on Gaius' Institutes (which have come down to us in a palimpsest luckily discovered at Verona by Niebuhr in 1816) was also sanctioned by Justinian, and took effect as law from the same day as the Digest. An authoritative course of study was ordained at the same time, and law schools were sanctioned, but only in Constantinople, Rome, and Berytus, those existing in Alexandria, Caesarea, and elsewhere being suppressed, under the penalty for any teacher of a fine of 10 lbs. gold and banishment from the town.

Justinian did not end here his legislative activity, but issued from time to time, as cases brought before him or other circumstances suggested, new constitutions for the amendment of the law or regulation of the imperial or local administration. Of these 174 are still extant, about half relating to administration and half to private law and


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Rh was to be given to the monastery and two-thirds to their children: if there were no children, two-thirds to the monastery and one-third to their parents; if they had no ascendants alive, all to the monastery. If however husband and wife agreed to come together again, the penalties were not enforced: if one only was willing, he or she was freed.

Justinian's son, Justin, in 566 yielded to persistent complaints and restored the old law permitting divorce by mutual consent.

Divorce at the instance of one party only, called repudium, in old times was subject to no restraint, but in Augustus' time required seven witnesses to the declaration, which was made orally or in writing and delivered to the other party by declarant's freedman. Under the Emperors a dissolution of marriage without good ground was visited with penalties. Good ground was either incapacity on the part of the husband for a period of three years from marriage, or desire to lead a life of chastity, or captivity, combined with the other's ignorance for five years of the captive's being alive. In these cases, called by Justinian divortium bona gratia, the dowry is given back to the wife and the marriage gift to the husband, but no penalty is incurred. On the other hand for grave crime or offence either party may repudiate the other and gain both dowry and marriage gift. The offences as specified by Valentinian (449) were in the main the same in both cases, adultery, murder, enchantments, treason, sacrilege, grave-robbery, kidnapping, forgery, attacks on the other's life, or blows: also in the case of the man, cattle-lifting, brigandage or brigand-harbouring, associating with immodest women in presence of his wife: in the case of the woman, revelling with other men not belonging to her, without her husband's knowledge or consent, or against his will going to theatres or amphitheatres or horse races, or without good cause absenting herself from his bed. Justinian (535) added to the wife's offences wilful abortion, bathing with other men, and arranging a future marriage while still married.

By a later law (542) Justinian reduced the number of offences which would justify repudiation to six on the part of the wife, viz., conspiracy against the Empire or concealing such from her husband, proved adultery, attempt on the husband's life, banqueting or bathing with strange men without his consent, staying out of her own house except at her parents' house or with her husband's consent, visiting circus shows or theatres or amphitheatres without his knowledge and approval. On the part of the husband five offences only are to count: conspiracy against the Empire, attempt on his wife's life or neglect to avenge her, conniving at others' attempts on her chastity, charging her with adultery and failing to prove it, associating with other women in the house where his wife dwells or frequently consorting with another woman in the same town and persisting after several admonitions by his wife's parents or others. The regular penalty for the guilty person in such a case and


text:
Lytle v. Arkansas (50 U.S. 314)/Dissent Catron

Mr. Justice CATRON.

The complainants allege, that they have the superior equity to the fractional quarter-section No. 2, and to the other lands claimed by the bill, by virtue of an entry under a preference right; and that the respondents purchased and took their legal title with full knowledge of such existing equity in the complainants.

1. The defendants claiming section No. 2 (or part of it) deny that any such equity exists under the legislation of Congress. 2. That they purchased and took title without any knowledge of the claim set up; and being innocent purchasers, no equity exists as to them for this reason also, regardless of any thing alleged against them. 3. That they expended large sums on the lands purchased, and made highly valuable improvements thereon, without- any objection. being made by complainants, or notice of their claim being given to respondents, and therefore a court of equity cannot interfere with their existing rights.

The bill was dismissed, without any particular ground having been stated in the decree why it was made for respondents; and in this condition of the record the cause is brought here by writ of error under the twenty-fifth section of the Judiciary Act.

The case made on the face of the bill was rejected, and the inquiry on such general decree must be, whether the claim set up sought protection under an act of Congress, or an authority exercised under one, so as to draw either in question, no matter whether the claim was well founded or not; and the fact being found that such case was made, then jurisdiction must be assumed to examine the decree; and, this being clearly true in the present instance, jurisdiction must be taken, and the equity claimed on part of complainants reëxamined.

If, however, the decree had proceeded on the second or third grounds of defence, regardless of the first, and had so declared, then this court would not have jurisdiction to interfere, as no [p665] act of Congress, or an authority exercised under it, would have been drawn in question.

In regard to the lands claimed, except the fractional quartersection No. 2, we are agreed that the bill should be dismissed. So far, the controversy is ended; and as to section No. 2, I think the bill should be dismissed also.

The proof of occupancy and cultivation was made in April, 1831, under the act of 1830, pursuant to au instruction from the Commissioner of the General Land-Office having reference to that act. The act itself, the instruction given under its authority, and the proofs taken according to the instruction, expired and came to an end on the 29th of May, 1831. After that time, the matter stood as if neither had ever existed; nor had Cloyes more claim to enter, from May 29, 1831, to July 14, 1832, than any other villager in Little Rock.

July 14, 1832, another preëmption law was passed, providing, among other things, that when an entry could not be made under the act of 1830, because the public surveys were not returned to the office of the register and receiver before the expiration of that act (29th May, 1831), then an occupant who cultivated the land in 1829, and was in actual possession when the act of 1830 was passed, should be allowed to enter under the act of 1832 the quarter-section he occupied; and also adjoining lands to which the improvement extended, in legal subdivisions, so as, to increase his entry to a quantity not exceeding 160 acres. Under the act of 1832, the entry in controversy was offered, and afterwards allowed, for the purpose of letting in complainants, so that a court of justice might investigate their claim, although it had been pronounced illegal at the department of public lands, the officers there acting under the advice of the Secretary of the Treasury.

The act of 1830, and the circular under it, having expired, the commissioner issued a new circular (28th July, 1832, 2 Land Laws and Opinions, 509), prescribing to registers and receivers the terms on which entries should be allowed under the act of 1832, by which circular proof was required of cultivation in 1829, and residence on the 29th of May, 1830; and that this proof should be made after the legal surveys were returned to the office of the register and receiver; and the right to make the proof, and to enter, should continue for one year after the surveys were returned, unless the lands were sooner offered at public sale; and that then the entry should be made before the public sale took place.

The necessity of this new proceeding is manifest. By the act of April 5, 1832, all actual settlers at this date (5th April, [p666] 1832) were authorized to enter, within six months thereafter, one half quarter-section, including their respective improvements. Such rights stood in advance of claimants under the act of July 14, 1832. In the mutations of a new country, the fact was well known that improvements passed from hand to hand with great frequency by sale of the possessions; and one in possession (April 5, 1832) could well enter an improvement cultivated in 1829, and held on the 29th of May, 1830, he having purchased such possession. If Cloyes, therefore, had sold out to another before the act of April 5th was passed, then that other occupant, and not Cloyes, would have had the right to enter section No. 2; and therefore it was highly necessary to know who had the best right to a preëmption at the time each entry was offered. A still greater necessity existed for new proof. Until the surveys were returned, it was usually improbable for the register and receiver to know what subdivision had been occupied, or to what land, or how much, the preëmption right extended: and as all those who had a right of entry on lands not surveyed and legally recognized as surveyed were provided for by the act of 14th July, 1832, and the act required them to make proof, and to enter, within one year after the surveys were returned, by legal subdivisions according to the surveys, it is hardly possible to conceive what other course could have been adopted at the land-office than that which was pursued, as the surveys were the sole guide at the local offices where entries were made. But it is useless to speculate why the new circular was issued; the commissioner had positive power to do so, and the act, when done, bound every enterer. Nor could a legal entry be made under the act of 14th July, 1832, without the new proof, and an adjudication by the register and receiver, founded on such proof, that the right of entry existed; and as no such proof was offered by the complainants, they had no right to enter even the $30 88⁄100$ acres, and certainly not the $108 61⁄100$ acres. That an entry could not be lawfully made, without new proof to warrant it, for the lesser quantity, is our unanimous opinion; and in this we concur with those conducting the General Land-Office.

For another reason, I think their claim should be rejected. Little Rock was the seat of the Territorial government, at which certain public buildings were necessary; and on the 15th of June, 1832, an act was passed, that there be then granted to the Territory of Arkansas a quantity of land not exceeding one thousand acres, "contiguous to and adjoining" the town of Little Rock, for the erection of a court-house and jail in said town, which lands shall be selected by the Gover- [p667] nor of the Territory, and be disposed of as the Legislature shall direct, and the proceeds be applied towards building said courthouse and jail.

On the 30th of January, 1833, the Governor selected the land, and filed his entry in the land-office at Little Rock, which entry was received and forwarded to the General Land-Office at Washington, and there ratified. The entry included the fractional quarter-section No. 2 now claimed by the heirs of Nathan Cloyes.

By the act of March 2, 1833, the.Governor of the Territory was required to furnish to the Secretary of the Treasury a description of the boundaries of the thousand acres, and the Secretary was required to cause to be issued a patent therefor to the Governor, in trust, &c. And the Governor was directed to lay off in town lots, as part of the town of Little Rock, so much of the grant as he might deem advisable; and said Governor was authorized to sell said lots, and to dispose of the residue of said thousand-acre grant, and which sale was to be at auction, as regarded the town lots and the residue of the land. And he was also, authorized to select and lay off three suitable squares, within this addition to the town, on which might be erected a State-house, a court-house, and a jail,—one square for each building,—for the use thereof, for ever, and for no other use.

The sales were to be for cash, and the Governor was directed to make deeds to purchasers when the purchase-money was paid. A patent issued to Governor John Pope for the land. In October, 1833, he proceeded to sell at auction, in lots and blocks, the fraction No. 2, in part, to Ambrose H. Sevier, under whom most of the defendants on No. 2 claim. Those who have answered deny that they had any knowledge of the claim of Cloyes when they purchased and took title; and that complainants stood by, permitted the purchase, and saw great city improvements made, and large sums of money expended, without objection, or any intimation being given that they intended to bring forward any such claim as the one now set up. But, as remarked, in the outset, this court has no jurisdiction of these matters and must therefore leave them to the State courts for adjudication and final settlement.

How, then, did the claim of the complainants stand when the city lots were sold in 1833? Cloyes never offered to enter fraction No. 2 alone; he offered to enter, says the bill (28th May, 1831), with the register at Batesville, sectional quarter No. 2 for $30 88⁄100$ acres; northeast fractional quarter for $42 32⁄100$ acres; and northwest and northeast fractional quarters of section No. 1, containing $35 41⁄100$ acres; making [p668] in all $108 61⁄100$ acres. The proof made was, that he fesided on No. 2 for $30 88⁄100$ acres. This entry was refused, on a ground not open to controversy. By the act of 1830, only that quarter-section on which the improvement was could be entered, no matter what quantity it contained. In this we are unanimous now; and also, that the entry allowed is void for all but the fraction No. 2. Here was an offer to enter in 1831 that could not be lawfully done at that time; then a refusal to receive the entry was proper. The claim to enter $108 61⁄100$ acres was adhered to, throughout, by Cloyes and his heirs. The offer to enter the whole quantity of $108 61⁄100$ acres was again made in 1834; and we agree in opinion that the entry could not be lawfully received at the latter period for this larger quantity; less than the whole was never claimed.

As already stated, the entry that was admitted in 1834 was made to enable the party to litigate his rights, if any existed, as against the city title ; not because the claim to enter was lawful, in the estimation of the Secretary of the Treasury and the Commissioner of the General Land-Office, for they had decided against its validity. The offer to enter being illegal, and the entry as received being illegal, it is not perceived on what ground a court of equity can uphold the claim even in part, and thereby overthrow a patent of the United States, and oust purchasers who relied on such patent.

In the next place, when the act of June 15, 1832, was passed, authorizing the Governor of Arkansas Territory to locate the thousand acres, the act of 1830 had expired; no right of entry existed in Cloyes. The land appropriated to public use was to be taken it "contiguous to and adjoining the town of Little Rock"; all the land adjoining was reserved by the act, subject to a selection by. the Governor, as a public agent; the grant was a present grant of the thousand acres, without limitation. Cloyes had no claim to interpose at that time; and on the selection being made, ft gave precision to the land granted, and the title attached from the date of the act. In the language of this court, in Rutherford v. Greene's Heirs (2 Wheat. 206), the grant which issued to Governor Pope in pursuance of the act of June 15, 1832, "relates to the inception of his title." That also was a present grant of 5,000 acres to General Greene, made by an act of the Legislature of North Carolina, but unlocated by the act of Assembly. It was granted in the military district generally, and ordered to be surveyed by certain commissioners. Soon afterwards it was located by survey, and the question presented to this court was, as to what time the title had relation for the land selected; when it was held, that the [p669] grant was made by the act directly, and gave date to the title, and of necessity overreached all intervening claims for the land selected.

This case is far stronger than that. Here the act of 1830 was made part of the act of July 14, 1832; they stood as one act, and took date on the 14th of July. The act provides, "That no entry or sale should be made, under the provisions of this act, of lands which shall have been reserved for the use of the United States, or either of the States. The land, to the quantity of one thousand acres, adjoining the then town of Little Rock, had been expressly reserved by the act of the 15th of June, and stood so reserved when the act of July 14th was passed, subject to selection in legal subdivisions. The act of June 15th had no exception; the object was of too much importance to allow of any. If this villager could claim a preemption, so might any other, and the act of June would have been without value, as the whole grant might have been defeated by occupant claims, and the seat of government transferred to private owners. This is manifest. Cloyes was a tinner, carrying on his trade in the edge of the town, and next his dwelling; adjoining to his house and shop he cultivated a garden, and on this occupancy and cultivation his claim was founded. Others, no doubt, were similarly situated. The seat of government was located on the, public lands, then unsurveyed; and if the act of July 14, 1832, conferred an equity on Cloyes to take 160 acres, so it did on others in his situation all around the then town, and adjoining thereto. If the occupant could take the land adjoining, how was it possible for the Governor to add lots and squares to the seat of government? The intention of Congress manifestly contemplated that the right of selection should extend to all lands adjoining the then town; and that these were reserved for public use is, in my judgment, hardly open to controversy, on the face of the act of July 14th. But when we take into consideration the fact, that General Greene's title had been upheld on the principle that it took date with the act making the grant, and that the grant made in trust to Governor Pope depended on the same principle, and equally overreached all intervening claims, no doubt, it would seem, could well be entertained, either at the General LandOffice or by purchasers, that this occupant had no just claim, and could not interfere and overthrow titles derived under the act of June 15, 1832.

And this is deemed equally true for another and similar reason. If this preference of entry for public use could be overthrown by a subsequent preēmption law, so may every other made to [p670] secure locations for county seats and public works. The reservation was quite as definite as where salt springs and lead mines were reserved, or lands on which ship-timber existed. In such cases the President determines that the lands shall be reserved from sale, and this is always done after the surveys are executed and returned; and certainly, had such power been vested in him to reserve lands adjoining the seat of government of Arkansas, for the use thereof, he could have lawfully made the selection; and authority to do so having been conferred by Congress on the Governor, his power was equal to that of the President in similar cases, where lands are reserved for public use by general laws.

For these reasons, I think the decree ought to be affirmed; and I have the more confidence in these views, because they correspond with the accumulated intelligence and experience of those engaged in administering the Department of Public Lands, and with the practice pursued at the General Land-Office, from the date of the act of July 14, 1832, to this time.


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Author:Chauncy Maples

Works

 * Yao-English Vocabulary (1888)

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the rinds, and boil them first in several waters, till the bitterness is boiled out.

TAKE a gill of clear water, infuse in it the rind of a lemon, till it tastes of it; then take the whites of fix eggs, the juice of four lemons, beat all well together, and run them through a hair sieve, sweeten them with double-refined sugar, and set them on the fire, not too hot, keeping stirring; and when it is thick enough, take it off.

TAKE six pounds of cocoa-nuts, one pound of aniseeds, four ounces of long pepper, one of cinnamon, a quarter of a pound of almonds, one pound of pistachios, as much achiote as will make it the colour of brick; three grains of musk, and as much ambergrease, six pounds of loaf sugar, one ounce of nutmegs, dry and beat them, and sieve them through a fine sieve: your almonds must be beat to a paste, and mixed with the other ingredients; then dip your sugar in orange-flower, or rose-water and put it in a skillet, on a very gentle charcoal-fire; then put in the spice, and strew it well together; then the musk and ambergrease; then put in the cocoa-nuts last of all; then achiote, wetting it with the water the sugar was dipt in; stew all these very well together over a hotter fire than before; then take it up, and put it into boxes, or what form you like, and set it to dry in a warm place. The pistachios and almonds must be a little beat in a mortar, then ground upon a stone.

TAKE six pounds of the best Spanish nuts, when parched, and cleaned from the hulls; take three pounds of sugar, two ounces of the best cinnamon, beaten and sifted very fine; to every two pounds of nuts put in three good vanelas, or more or less as you please; to every pound of nuts half a dram of cardamum seeds, very finely beaten and fierced.

TAKE two quarts of new milk, set it as it comes from the cow, with as little runnet as you can; when it is come, break it as gently as you can, and whey it well; then pass it through a hair-sieve, and put it into a marble morter, and beat into it a pound of new butter, washed in rose-water; when that is well


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OUR PICNIC BY THE SEA.

the brilliancy and versatility of other men, yet all feeling was naught compared to the delight I felt at this new acquaintance. In him I found united all the graces I had so ardently sought; and which proved the fallacy of my young friends prophesies, when they declared my hero was only to be found in Utopia. He came, he saw, he conquered ! Without any reserve I was won.

The happy, happy day when we first met was one long to be remembered for its beauty; for the sun rose without a cloud to veil his face, and cast such earnest, ardent glances on both hill and hollow as to dimple everything in nature with a smile; then the brook caught the infection, and told of love to all the nodding, blue-eyed gentians on its banks; and not content with that, wild rover as he was, kissed and murmured words of tenderness to all the little snowy pebbles at its feet, which stopped its course to receive the sweet attention. Then the daisies on the hillside, with their hearts of gold, which all night had drank intoxicating draughts of dew, were reeling and nodding on the hillside in a most disgraceful plight. In vain the wind would try to lift them up, that the sun might not perceive how madly they had reveled all the night before; they would be foolish and obstreperous still, kissing and hugging in a way quite shocking to their little Quaker neighbor, the blonde-faced clover. Butter- cups were there, in which the sunshine slept when, weary of his tasks in painting fruit and flower. Even the priests and priestesses of the woodlands forgot, for a time, their vigor, and dropped their emerald hoods and cowls, as if they stood in the presence of some living saint. Oh ! how wildly intoxicating were the emotions which this glorious harmony wafted to my soul. In an ecstasy of delight I nodded the pleasure this introduction afforded me, and without a thought of danger quaffed deeply of the exhilarating beverage. Dark eyes looked fondly into mine ; a warm, shapely hand imprisoned the little fingers which had long wearily fluttered for just such confinement. Merry, romping girls danced by, and made the woods echo with their rollicking noises. Ardent swains sighed their heart-jingle into appreciative ears; but we heard nothing, saw nothing but ourselves. Laugh all you who may at love at first sight ; but the light which first dawns upon and feeds the dark, hungry soul, is the most exquisitely dazzling of all lights. It is sunlight, moonlight, starlight combined. It is the odor of rose, lily, and mignonette ! it is the pure juice of the grape; the bright sparkle of champagne; the music of the spheres! in short, heaven itself. But why dwell upon such delights ? Is every heart- pleasure necessarily fleeting? Must a joy be born, and like the love a mother bears ber darling, when the infant is laid in the longing arms, be chastened and subdued by care, heartache, and keen disappointment? Is a love, like the beautiful things in nature, born to die ? Shall it always be that the tree which blossoms the fairest, bears the most luscious fruit, make itself keenly enjoyable, for a brief season lose its glorious foliage, and without a shield from the wind, brave both storm and tempest ? My experience says—yes. Nature and mind are analogous. Love is fleeting : and the more ardent, the more evanescent. Ned Williams ? Long ago I forgave him ; for, after all, the man was no more culpable for loving and reloving, loving especially, and loving generally, than the butterfly is to blame for sipping the honey from shrub, daisy, and rose. God made him a butterfly- and who dares say that in exhausting the dew from the lovely petals he does not fulfill the mission he was sent to perform ? Well, Ned and I were engaged : for a long time no cloud overspread the horizon of our love ! My affection was strong, earnest, and unsuspicious. Did my betrothed leave me for a party, where he had promised to enliven the company from his unequaled fund of entertainment, I was certain that he only went to oblige the people, not because he desired to, or was happy away from me ! Did he attend a young lady home from church, or spend an occasional evening without me, it was all right, because Ned did it, and Ned loved me, and was as true to his allegiance as was ever olden knight to the lady of his choice. I never dreamed of any other side to the picture. Oh! ye blind, deceitful god ! how I have watched ye from a safe distance ever since. Summer was passing, and our picnics, for the season, were nearly over, when a stranger came among us. Nellie Wayne, bless her sweet face ! Why I did not suspect from the beginning that my butterfly, Ned, must of a necessity be attracted to her, I cannot imngine; and more than this, understanding so thoroughly my own woman's nature and capacity for loving, why I did not know that Nellie must fall desperately in love with Ned? But the god kept me blind until the last. One more picnic was proposed, and in honor of Nellie. We were to go down to the sea-shore, a few miles from our village, and there spend the day. I don't know how it was that I came to wander away alone on that occasion; but Ned was singing a comic arrangement of Casta Diva, and

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 ONE DEPARTED.

someway I did not exactly like to hear Ned even twist this glorious melody into mirth-provoking renditions ; so, thinking deeply, and expecting my lover to join me every moment, I wandered alone by the side of the ocean, until I came to a little sheltered nook between high rocks, which looked so tempting, that I sat down to rest. The breeze was blowing fresh and cool. The surf rolled in, breast high, breaking on the shining beach in front of me, with a noise almost like thunder. In the distance, the lighthouse, perched on its tall cliff, rose, lofty and gray. The birds were drifting in shore, far overhead, screaming as if to announce a coming storm. Far and near, the wide beach, below the cliffs, was covered with members of our picnic, some gathering sea-weed, some reclining where the sand was dry, some walking. In my little nook I could see all this, myself unobserved.

Suddenly I recognized Ned's deep sonorous tones; and soon after Nellie's musical little jingle. Even then I was not surprised. They drew nearer, and stopped, just on the other side of the bit of rock which formed one of the walls of my sheltered nook. I looked through a crack, between this huge boulder and the cliff behind it, and saw Ned and Nellie, the wind blowing the latter's plume, and hair, and dress about, as she gazed out seaward. The thick screen effectually concealed me. I kept very quiet, intending to jump out and surprise them, by-and-by.

"But, Nellie !" I heard my darling say, in those same low, earnest tones, which had so often flooded my soul with their melody, " I love you."

"But, Ned," came slowly from Nellie's lips, as she still looked seaward, “ you are engaged to Sophie Alliston!"

"Not a bit of it, my dear girl; you never were more mistaken in your life. Sophie is a charming girl-I may say a very lovely girl but then not a word of marriage has ever passed our lips."

That was true; strange I had never thought of it until now. "Can you love me, Nellie? Will you love me?" I heard no reply ; but I saw that Nellie's curly head reclined, for a moment, on Ned's shoulder, as he drew her toward him. I rose noiselessly and walked away in the opposite direction , dizzy, weak, my eyes full of tears. But, half an hour later, when the truants returned, I was carelessly weaving a garland of leaves for my hat, and chatting gayly with a circle of friends. "Why, Sophie, where have you been all this time-Nellie and I have been hunting you all over ?" said Ned, without a cloud upon his handsome face. "Yes, dear?" was my quiet reply. Then I added, " But let me whisper a little word in your ear, good Ned!" The dear fellow dropped playfully on one knee, and looked up at me, like a knight of old romance regarding his ladye-love. "Ned," I said, coolly, " I think we have both enjoyed this summer ; and now that it is about over, this seems to me the appropriate time for you and I to forget the past, and seek elsewhere for the joy we have tried to persuade ourselves we had found in each other." Ned looked just a little disconcerted : but it was only momentary. 66 But we can always be friends, Sophie ?" he asked, looking down at the hat I was trimming. "Always, Ned." I gave him my hand to shake in token of friendship and good- will ; and thus ended my first love-lesson. Strange, too, as it may seem, I shall always preserve a warm niche in my heart for Ned. Yet may a kind Providence protect me from ever again possessing a lover whose character is marked with the one most desirable of all traits, adaptability. Nellie is a happy wife, but she did not marry Ned Williams; and the last I heard of the latter was, that he was making desperate love to a young New York widow.

ONE DEPARTED.

BY FRANK MAURICE FIELDING. As few could mourn, I mourn for thee, Yet silently, as bitterly! In grief that speaks no word, That breathes no sigh, that sheds no tear, With any living witness near, Whose wail is never heard. Oh! best and loveliest one, conldst thou But gaze into my lone heart now, And read its hidden woe,

Thine angel heart would be distressed: Within thy grave thou couldst not rest While I was suffering so! Rest calmly, sweet one, knowing not The bitterness of my hard lot, Nor how I mourn for thee! But if thou e'er didst doubt my love, My secret tears of suffering prove, How dear thou wert to me!

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 DEATH IN LIFE.

BY AGNES JAMES.

"For love is strong as death ; jealousy is cruel as the grave."

THE Soft September sunlight fell with a mellow evening radiance upon the gray walls and broad terraces of Hautlieu. The old chateau itself was sombre and frowning as a prison, but its parks and terraces were very lovely in the fair light of evening. The brilliant flowers glowed in their marble vases, the fountains tinkled musically in their wide basins, the shadows of the great oaks lengthened and deepened on the emerald grass.

It was the sweetest, idlest, dreamiest of weather, and the great chateau seemed to have fallen asleep in its noontide of splendor," and to be slumbering still, so profound was the quiet that reigned within and around it.

But one living figure appeared amidst this lovely scene. Up and down the terrace glided a lady, passing through shadow and sunlight with bowed head, and loosely, listlessly, clasped hands. Her rich dress of pearl-gray silk, with gay trimming of scarlet velvet, swept in a gorgeous train over the grass. Rare, filmy lace covered her white neck and arms, and the sunlight that fell upon her, lingered, quivering and glowing, in the hearts of the blood-red rubies that bung in her ears, fastened the lace on her bosom, and encircled her slender throat and rounded arms. These were the "Hautlieu rubies —priceless, peerless; drops of restless, undying flame, and their wearer was the young Marquise de Hautlieu. The " Child Marquise, " they had called her at court, whither she had gone not six months before, just from her convent school, glowing with the roses of youth, health, and high spirits, radiantly beautiful—a young girl of sixteen, and the bride of a man of sixty years.

She was the only child of a gentleman who had dissipated an immense fortune by a series of wild extravagances, and had died, leaving his widow and daughter in utter destitution.

Madame de Beranger, a gentle, timid woman, bowed down with grief and despair, saw no refuge but the convent-walls for herself and her child ; and it was with untold emotions of gratitude and joy that she listened to proposals made to her by the Marquis de Hautlieu, a powerful and wealthy friend of her husband.

These proposals were for the hand of her young daughter, not yet fourteen, but already renowned for her beauty, her intelligence, and her sparkling vivacity. Mademoiselle de Beranger was placed in a convent, by the marquis, for the completion of her education, and her mother, meanwhile, lived in the enjoyment of every luxury the wealth and respectful affection of the marquis could supply. To the young Vivienne he was kind and gentle as a father; to Madame de Beranger as thoughtful and devoted as a brother. So the child was very happy when, after two years in the convent, she came to court with her gray-haired husband-as happy as a bird set free; and the stately gardens of the palace echoed with her clear laughter and singing, and the sound of her flying footsteps.

She set all decorum at defiance; she shocked the grave mistress of ceremonies into speechless despair ; and the decorous court-bred beauties pursed up their rosy lips, and looked unutterable scorn and wonder. But the gay cavaliers raved about her sparkling hazel eyes, her bronze- brown waving hair, that almost swept the ground when in some wild, childish race or game she had shaken it from its fastening, and it fell glittering around her, about her cheek, with its soft, peachy bloom, her little, lovely figure, her tiny foot, and her wonderful white hand. Even the king smiled at her wildest pranks, and gazed admiringly into the beautiful, bewitching face, that, with such demurely smiling lips and dancing eyes, craved pardon for some breach of court-etiquette.

"There is nothing one could not forgive, madame, to such loveliness as yours," said the king, with a gracious inclination - and the little marquise swept a laughing courtesy, and glanced around with saucy triumph in her bright eyes.

This was in the old, old time, when the French monarch was a grand, stately, wicked old man; when the French court was brilliant as it was corrupt, and when there was scarcely one amongst the beautiful and witty ladies of the court whose fame was spotless and pure. But the Child Marquise, " in spite of her gay coquetry, and her scores of admirers, passed unscathed through the ordeal of court life. She laughed, and flirted her fan, and tossed her

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