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 March, 1911 Her stumbling had become fairly painful. She stopped as i f i n a desperate appeal for social easement. P a t t y - M a u d presented to her a face in which polite attention struggled with sneering insolence. After an instant, Miss Johnson went on. B ' i t that pause in which she failed to get help, seemed to have strengthened her. H e r manner gained in repose. She began to speak with confidence. "I won't keep you long i f you will be so good as to listen. I want to thank you particularly because this visit of my grandfather's was such an important thing—to me, I mean. I've been looking forward to it for three years. It came unexpectedly like that because someone offered to pay the expenses of the trip. It would have been a great disappointment to me i f he hadn't seen all the things he was looking forward to seeing. H e ' s the only relative I have in the world and, somehow, I guess you feel different about an old grandfather."

THE

MASSES

Patty-Maud had a swift vision of her own adored grandfather—the fine, old Confederate general, gray, gallant, distinguished, whose pres ence at the Spring Open Idler had turned that haphazard social event into an impromptu re ception to himself. But she said nothing. Mabel Johnson did not seem to expect an an swer now. Again her manner was a little grop ing, but obviously it was not from social em barrassment. She was evidently picking in the depths of her vocabulary for the phrases that would express exactly what she meant. "But I want to thank you—very much more— for something else. Don't let me offend you by the way I put it—it's the awkwardness of my words—not the feeling that's in my heart. I do thank you—oh so much—for not letting him realize certain things. He's very old—he belongs in every way to the period before the war. H e believes that the Emancipation Proclamation changed everything—I mean for—for us. He's

15 lived for years all alone up there in the country with nothing but his books. There's nobody there to correct his ideas. A n d I—I never could bring myself to undeceive him. It seems to me just as well that he should die thinking the Millenium had come. Not that I myself am deceived—that I misunderstand—" Something physical pulled her up here. It was a quick hissing intake of the breath. "Please don't think for a moment that I be lieve things have changed for—for us—except in certain small ways—or that I think they ever will change. I don't know that I want them to. I have my own friends and my own work. A n d I'm favored above many. It's only occasionally that it's brought home to me that I'm an alien. I'm very happy most of the time." Her manner had gained gradually in decision, her voice in calm. She had ceased to pick at the vine-leaves. (Continued on page 18)

Irrelevancies and Irreverencies By T H O M A S L. M A S S O N the end would have its own reward, a strange thing happened. O N C E upon a time there was a good The good trust announced that it didn't feel trust that never did any harm to any right about accepting all that Uncle Samuel left, body. It used to pay splendid salaries and that it was going to divide with the bad trust. to everyone that worked for it, and it The good trust said that they belonged to the even gave them an interest in it. It only asked for a fair profit, and i f anyone had same family anyway, and consequently there suggested a rebate, the good trust would have should not have been any such discrimination, been very angry indeed. Every Lord's day it although of course Uncle Samuel meant well went to Sunday school, and when it had any enough about it. So the division was made, and everybody was spare time, it used to read aloud from it's own good works to interested little boys and girls happy; who craved mental nourishment. MORALS T A K E YOUR CHOICE. Now there was a bad trust that lived in the next street that was quite the opposite from all Don't be a good trust, because you will have to this. The bad trust used to sit up nights think get someone to help you, and then divide up with ing up ways to do people. It used to jump out at all the widows and orphans who passed, and him. Don't be a bad trust, because you will always say " B o o ! " to them and scare them almost to death. A n d it used to steal everything that it be suspected of associating with a good trust. could lay its hands to, until the people were ter Don't be an Uncle Sam, because you lose ribly afraid of it. either way. N o w both of these trusts—for they belonged to the same family—had an uncle, named Uncle Sam, who visited them occasionally, just to see how they were getting along, and to pat them on the head, and give them little presents. H e was a very impartial man, was Uncle Sam uel, and treated them both alike, in spite of their difference, for he used to say that God made us all, and we shouldn't be too particular in our judgments. One night, however, Uncle Samuel was sud denly attacked as he was walking along a back street—Tariff Lane, I believe the name was— and so severely injured that the moment the doctors looked at him, they knew he was doomed. The assailants got away—no one knew who did the evil deed. B u t that of course is purely incidental. The main thing is that Uncle Samuel was down and out for all time. W e l l, of course, he had to draw up a will. There wasn't much time, as he was sinking very fast, but i n emergencies like these, lawyers can always contrive to move quickly. A n d so they gathered around, and drew up the papers, and the whole thing was arranged i n a perfectly satisfactory manner. Naturally the good trust was left everything. Drawn by Art. Young A n d the bad trust got left. But while everyone was talking about it, and What's the difference? saying that it only went to prove that virtue in

The Good Trust.

A Proposed Tax. T

H

E

necessity for raising a sufficient sum of money for the maintenance of the government is apparent to everybody. Our brigadier generals need it. O u r pensioners need it. O u r Agricultural Department needs it, for otherwise every sub urbanite would soon run out of seeds. O u r rivers and harbors are crying for it, our office holders demand it, fashion decrees it, and W a l l street, the Infant Industries, the Standard O i l Company and the Baptist Church cry for it. Hitherto we have been dependent on what few odd dollars our custom house officers could pick up, armed with only a sand bag and a club. There has been some talk of an income tax, but as no. respectable person has an income of over ten thousand dollars, it would hardly do to make all the others give up what it has taken so much time and energy to rob everyone else of—this being against the spirit of our institutions. Nothing remains, therefore, but to place a tax on ladies' hats. This can be done i n two ways : by weight and by area. A n ad valorem tax would be useless, as no hat, considered on the basis of the materials that are in it, is of any value. The only trouble with this method is that we should have so much money we wouldn't know what to do with it. W e might under those cir cumstances have to give it away to the poor.

Anniversaries. N A T I O N A L holidays, in commemora tion of great men, are growing upon us. It is only within the last decade that Lincoln's birthday has been offi cially recognized ; now it is one of the most important anniversaries. Holidays take up time, and as we are all so busy making money, we may well pause and ask whether it is fair for men to become too great, owing to the risk the future will run i n having to celebrate them yearly. Think, along about 1950 of having a Carnegie day, a Rockefeller day, a J. P. Morgan day and an Ε. H. H a r r i m a n day! This is the chief danger that these gentlemen are laying us open to in the future. Cannot they tone down a little the quality of their services, in order not to have so many more anniversaries than we are staggering under at present?


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 CO-OPERATIVE W O O L E N M I L L T H E R E has been a great deal of controBy M A G N U S B R O W N versy about the wool tariff, which has President of the Minnesota Wool-Growers Association made the cost of woolen clothing and woolen goods of all sorts prohibitive N o substitute has been found which has anyto the average consumer, without, at thing like the warmth of wool, whether for bedthe same time, benefiting the producer. ding or clothing. It is indispensable, it is a So far as the writer knows, the wool-growers primary necessity, of which it is cruel to deprive of Minnesota were the first to see that the present protective tariff was of absolutely no advantage to their class because of the many loopholes and jokers in it. In their efforts to find a remedy for the great abuses that have grown up in the wool trade through the duplicity in the wording of the wool tariff—abuses affecting producer and consumer—they discovered that the direct and immediate causes were the uneconomic and unscientific methods of distribution. Besides, since the tariff law was framed to keep out the manufactured goods of foreign countries, a great system of adulteration and substitution has been built up, and this has brought big profits to some and disappointment and disaster to the consumer. The wool-growers found that the wool is bought from the producer by the local dealer, who adds at least a cent a pound to its price. T h e local dealer sells to a larger dealer, who adds another cent. This dealer sells to the dealers in Boston or Philadelphia. These add another two cents. Thus the mill has to pay from eight to fourteen cents more per scoured pound than the first buyer, that is, the local dealer, paid. In other words, the profits of the dealers alone Magnus Brown raise the price that amount. N o w, the mill adds a 10 per cent, profit to the price, the jobber 20 the poor. But by our system they must do withper cent., and the retailer, finally, 30 to 60 per out it. They must wrap their babies in cottonade cent. In a large department store in Omaha the blankets and dress their boys and girls i n cotton writer found a blanket retailed for $6.00 which sweaters. They must do so because of this pyraactually cost only $3.80. miding of profits. Good fabrics have been taken

from the reach of the average consumer, and to supply his demand substitution and adulteration have been resorted to. I n fact, substitution and adulteration in such circumstances are inevitable. Another evil effect of the tariff law and the absurdities of distribution was to reduce the original price of the wool to such an extent that the wool-growers had great difficulty in eking out a living, T o remedy these conditions several wool-growers of the N o r t h and West conceived the plan to obtain control of a woolen mill and send their product direct to the consumer with the smallest possible intermediate cost. T h e wool-growers want to prove to the consumers that strictly all-virgin wool can be made and distributed at such a price that it will be attainable by all except the very poorest.' W h a t is more, the wool-growers found in making their investigations that all new wool goods made and distributed on an economical basis is cheaper than substitutes and adulterated goods. I n addition, all-wool goods are more sanitary. N o w the question is, W i l l the consumers join with the wool producers in taking the wool direct from the farmers' wagon to the mill, and direct from the mill to the consumer, with but one profit between, and that as small as prudence will permit ? This will give the consumer the greatest ultimate value and satisfaction. W e believe that the distributive co-operative stores should seriously consider co-operating with us. Primarily because it will eliminate to a certain extent the excessive profits that now go to the jobber and middleman. Furthermore, it will be the first step toward the establishment of an economic solidarity between the productive and distributive co-operatives.

CITY VIGNETTES By Edwin Björkman A C R O S S the street stands an oldfashioned house with a gabled roof. O n its red tiles the sun is pouring down a flood of melted gold, and the reflection of it fills my room with a roseate light. Above the roof a narrow patch of sky is visible—a sky as tenderly blue as any ever shown on a Venetian canvas. The surging life of the surrounding city seems to have ebbed out of hearing. A t whiles the spring breeze catches the Chinese lantern over in the corner and makes it beat a gentle tattoo against the wall. Otherwise no sound is heard but the light rasping of my pen on the paper. A n d as minutes and hours pass by, the pile of white paper in front of me thins away rapidly. Suddenly I find myself checked by a thought that will not move on. M y mind beats impatient wings' against an invisible wall—and then I become conscious of a melody that is floating up from the street and interposing itself between me and my work. A n organ grinder has stopped right below my window. H e is playing a waltz— cf course, it is Die schoene blaue Donau! Experience has taught me the futility of resistance. So I stretch my cramped limbs and step to the window for a look at the street. H e is an Italian, stumpy and black-bearded, and yet with a certain wistful beauty in the face lie turns upward from time to time in search for

II

A Glimpse of Fate Drawing

by Samuel

Schwarz

listeners. B u t his entire audience consists of two women—the wife and daughter of the little German cobbler in the basement across the street. The mother is tall and slim, light-haired and clean-faced. T h e daughter looks just like her mother. Standing in front of the shop, which is also their home—their heads leaned together, their arms around each other—they may be taken for sisters. N o w their faces are lit up with pleasure, and their bodies are swaying in time with the waltz. The music ceases. The Italian stands still, expectant. The eyes of the two women meet for a moment. Then the younger one runs into the shop and returns with a pocketbook in her hand. Together they take stock of its contents. Finally the girls drops a small coin into the organ grinder's hat. A n d I happen to know that even pennies are scarce in the cobbler's shop. Once more the man is turning the crank of his instrument. I can see the women bending their heads forward in eager, grateful anticipation. A few soft notes are wafted upward on the breeze —it is the Donna è mobile from "Rigoletto." 16

Magically the whole scene changes as the melody begins to unfold itself. The women draw together as if in fear. Particularly the older one seems deeply affected. One moment more of hesitation—then they hurry back into the shop, slamming the door behind them. T h e Italian breaks off abruptly to stare after them with open mouth. But only for a second : then he picks up the shackles of his little cart and runs down the street with bent head as i f he had caught a glimpse of the evil eye. The street lies utterly deserted. Nothing is to be seen or heard that might account for the flight of those two scared women. W h a t connection, I ask myself, can there be between a German cobbler's wife and a sweetly sentimental old opera melody? Yet, as I recall the details of the incident just witnessed, I realize that such a connection must exist, and my mind strives vainly to imagine its nature. The sun is still shining on the red tiles of the house across the street, and the reflected light fills my room. Nothing is heard but the gentle tapping of my Chinese lantern against the wall. It is time for me to go back to work, but the desire to do so has fled. A real human fate has passed me by—its features deeply veiled, its entrance and exit hidden from my view—and those imaginary fates I was creating seem now futile and foolish.

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 T H E E U R O P E A N SITUATION

In the recent struggle for liberty the dragon saw his chance to creep out of his lair.

IN CARTOON

Holland was sold to Germany. So the Staten General voted forty million florins for North Sea fortifications, which will come in handy when Germany and England get to scrapping.

The

Charles I and Louis X V I (to the King of Portugal) : "My dear Emanuel, be satisfied. We lost our heads. You lost only your crown." Hahn—Notekraaker

17

box of Pandora. When opened, out jump hunger strikes, cholera, suicide, and other monsters.


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 THE

18

Revolutionary Mexico (Continued from page 6) and was entirely unprepared. H i s attempt to crush it has met with miserable and ignominious failure. Three weeks of the Revolution proved the latent strength it possessed. But Diaz was still unconvinced. Perhaps he remains so until this very day. In the meanwhile, however, the bonds are fall ing, national credit is crumbling away, Diaz's army is beaten, outgeneraled, slowly going to its destruction; his friends, his compeers, his crea tures are taking French leave. A n d there i n the castle of Chapultepec the Grand O l d M a n still hangs on to his power with a bulldog's grip, giv ing orders to his subordinates to destroy the rebel army and shoot them all "red-handed." Then he sits down and weeps. Let h i m weep for once. H e cannot in the short time of life still left to him—no, not even if he had a thousand lives to live—wash away with his tears the bloody stains upon his cruel, inhuman reign.

Iolanthe's Wedding (Continued from page 8) here ? W h y didn't you wake me up, you scurvy blackguards, you? M y friend Hanckel here, and I snoring—you dogs !" Iolanthe turned scarlet with shame. A n d to relieve the painful situation I said to her : "Never mind, I know h i m. " Yes, gentlemen, I knew the old fellow, but 1 did not know his daughter. (To be continued)

A Vow (Continued from page 11) her, and stroked her hair. W h e n she turned around again to M r. Ladislaw an anxious tear glittered on each l i d. "But you found a sly way of procuring a ham sandwich for Miss Kate," exclaimed M r. L a  dislaw, and rose. "Sly or not sly—if you are angry at us, well, we can't help it." " B y no means. O n the contrary—perhaps the ladies will permit me to leave for a few moments and come back?" "What for? Hetty can tend to it—please." " V e r y well," said M r. Ladislaw, and handed Miss M a r y a two-dollar bill, the last he had. "Perhaps it will buy a bottle of wine, too." Soon after, M r. Ladislaw drank a toast to the health of the three friends. A good warm feeling stole over h i m at the sight of the young girls devouring with appetite the meal he had pro vided for them. A s soon as they had finished eating he left. A s he passed through the narrow, gloomy passages of the house, a profound sadness seized him. H e put out his hands, groping his way, and touched the slimy walls, which exuded eternal dampness. A n d it seemed to him he was feeling the tears of the poverty dwelling there, the tortured poverty that wrestled with hunger and cold. Those tears filtered down to his heart, and burned and bit like an acid fluid. H e stood still an instant and listened to his soul within him making a vow to itself. The adoption of men's natures to the demands of associated life will become so complete that all sense of internal as well as external restraint and compulsion will entirely disappear. Right conduct will become instinctive and spontaneous ; duty will be synonymous with pleasure. —Hudson's Philosophy of Herbert Spencer.

March, 1911

MASSES

Johnson was an "unusual" person. But there was something else that was harder for Patty-Maud (Continued from page 15) to admit. Mabel Johnson was attributing to her a virtue of which P a t t y - M a u d was incapable. "There's only one thing more, i f you'll be so Mabel Johnson was illuminating the incident of good as to listen. I have a pride in saying this, the afternoon with a bigness of feeling which although again I do not wish to offend. I want you to realize that I understood why you did it. Patty-Maud could not achieve. That hurt. Moreover, P a t t y - M a u d could not close her eyes A n d I want to assure you that I won't presume to the truth of Mabel Johnson's point of view. on your kindness—that I never in the world could think things could be any different between—" It was true that, as classmates, they were bound H e r voice faltered perceptibly, but she finally together by the impalpable thread of brotherhood. The same bond had tied aliens together since brought it out. "Between you and me. I know the beginning of the world and in all the possible just why you did it. It wasn't devotion to N o r a complications of the human condition. Social —to Miss O ' R i l e y, " she corrected herself, as if fearful of giving unnecessary offense, "although equality between her and Mabel Johnson was im we all love her enough to do anything for her— possible, but surely, they could stand shoulder to I'd die for her tomorrow, I guess. Y o u did it shoulder on this tiny strip of neutral ground. Surely without loss to her sense of honor or to because we are classmates. There's a bond in her sense of racial responsibility, she could ac that—that—. W e could do for each other—AS classmates—things that we could never do under cept Mabel Johnson as a member of a class of any other circumstances in the world. It's like which, thereafter, she could with a free con that feeling that that Russian reformer told us science, become president. about at the Emmanuel Club which made men and F r o m deeper than this came a more poignant women of all religions and races and colors fight feeling. P a t t y - M a u d knew that, in essentials, her behind the barricades at Moscow. It's because I attitude towards the race which Mabel Johnson myself have that same wonderful feeling that I represented, could never change. Y e t here, she was confronted for the first time in her life by the Exceptional Case. Here was a girl, who, except for the infusion i n the skin of a certain pigment, was her own counterpart—a girl, sub ject, like herself, to all the tragedies of the woman-lot—a girl with some of her own hopes and ambitions and with all her own anxieties and affections—a girl, moreover, fighting social handi caps and racial limitations that she could never know. Patty-Maud's eyes, which had been kept fixed frostily on her companion's face, melted and filled slowly. Mabel Johnson's deep gaze filled too, and for a long instant grey eyes and brown eyes said to each other the things that could never be put in words. " O h, that's all right, Miss Johnson," PattyM a u d said at last. "It's nice that I happened to be about so as to take care of your grandfather. A n d, by the way, you took the Chaucer course last year, I remember. I wonder if you would come i n for a moment and talk over that matter of the 'petrified datives' with me."

The Classmates

Natural Philosophy By

Drawn by Wm. Washburn Nutting

The International Menace of the Roman Court.

WILHELM

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Translated by

THOMAS SELTZER Overshadowing of American Catholic Modernism by the Far-reaching Influence of Merry del Val.

wanted to assure you—that I understood—that I never would presume upon it." Patty-Maud had seemed to listen to all this with a surface attention, polite but without in terest. B u t underneath this crust her mind was working actively. It was true—what N o r a had said—Mabel

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S O C I A L I S M A N D SUCCESS H e r e are collected s i x essays w h i c h w i l l bear the closest reading, for M r. Ghent w r i t e s w i t h plenary knowledge a n d r e s p o n s i b i l i t y. . . . T h e y ( " T o the Retainers" and " T o the R e f o r m e r s " ) are masterly ar raignments both, and one w o u l d like to see a capable and honest answer to them.—Chicago Evening Post. W h a t e v e r his v i e w s about S o c i a l i s m m a y be, the reader of this book w i l l not fail to find it b r i l l i a n t, i n  cisive, i l l u m i n a t i n g a n d entertaining. . . ' . ( T h e author) reasons' w i t h skeptics a n d doubters calmly, lucidly, p l a u s i b l y — m a y we say u n a n s w e r a b l y ? Those who profess themselves unable to u n d e r s t a n d the spread of S o c i a l i s m a n d the steady increase i n the S o c i a l i s t vote

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 T A F T B L U N T L Y SAYS, in his Report as Secretary of War, 1907, (Page 14) that the best and most desirable class of men do not join the Army. Report quoted in:

W A R - W H A T FOR? By G E O R G E R. K I R K P A T R I G K The book explains the slayer, the betrayer and the ruler of the working class. Now in the 3rd, edition, 15th thousand 352 pages, elegant g o l d - s t a m p e d b i n d i n g, 12 chapters, 13 p o w e r f u l full-page pictures ( 3 halftones) b y J o h n S l o a n and R y a n W a l k e r — I n T h i r d E d i t i o n 560 s o l d i n Greater P i t t s b u r g, P a. ; -220 s o l d i n one factory i n Schenectady, Ν. Y. T H E CHICAGO EVENING POST: ". . . . It is as w e l l calculated to impress its readers as P a i n e ' s Rights of Man . . . ." T H E L O U I S V I L L E, K Y. , H E R A L D also r a n k s the book equal t o P a i n e ' s Rights of Man i n p o w e r t o impress its readers. T H E S P R I N G F I E L D, M A S S. , R E P U B L I C A N : " . . . . Much s t a r t l i n g i n f o r m a t i o n . . . . C r o w d e d w i t h facts . . . . W h i t m a n e s q u e e p i g r a m a n d i m p a s s i o n e d appeal . . . ." E U G E N E V. D E B S : ". . . . T h i s w o n d e r f u l book, the book of a n epoch, a n i m m o r t a l achievement . . . ." THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIALIST REVIEW: ". . . . T h i s b o o k is a d e n u n c i a t i o n, a n e x p o s i t i o n , a reve l a t i o n a n d a terrible i n d i c t m e n t o f w a r . . . . a w e a l t h o f data " P r i c e, $1.20 postpaid. Address:

C I T I Z E N S W H O A R E L E D : " W EfightT H E W A E S "

T h r e e copies, $2.40

postpaid-

Publisher of " W a r — W h a t F o r ? " W e s t L a Fayette, O h i o, c. o. R. R. B o x 206.

( D e s c r i p t i v e c i r c u l a r sent to a n y addresses

American Wholesale Co-Operative

furnished)

219 Willow Avenue HOBOKEN,

N.

J.

All grocery orders are filled by the A M E R I C A N C O - O P E R A T I V E O F H O B O K E N, N. J. , 219 Willow Avenue Address grocery orders direct to the Hoboken store

Y o u can save 20% on your Groceries. HOW ? By uniting your purchases with your neighbors B U Y Y O U R GROCERIES I N BULK F R O M US Absolute purity guaranteed.

Quantities must be ordered as per list.

Special prices and discounts for stores.

We shall be glad to quote prices of anything in the grocery line, if you specify the article. CANNED

VEGETABLES.

Comparative Prices

( N o t less than one case o f 2 doz. sold.) P e r doz. H i g h Grade Tomato Pulp $.48 T o m a t o e s, N o. 2, full standards .80 T o m a t o e s, N o. 3, full standards 1.00 T o m a t o e s, e x t r a large, f u l l standards 1.50 T o m a t o e s, N o. 3, Jerseys, full s t a n d a r d s. . . . 1.35 C o r n, N o. 2, M a i n S t y l e .95 C o r n, N o. 2, M a i n Style, fancy 1.15 C o r n, N o. 2, N e w Y o r k State, fancy 1.35 Peas, N o. 2, E a r l y J u n e S t d. . . . . 95 Peas, N o. 2, E a r l y J u n e S t d. , sifted 1. 15 Peas, N o. 2, E a r l y J u n e S t d. , E x. sifted. . . . 1.35 S t r i n g Beans, N o. 2, S t d .95 S t r i n g B e a n s, N o. 2, stringless, S t d. 1.15 L i m a Beans, N o. 2, S t d .95 L i m a Beans, N o. 2, S m a l l G r e e n, S t d 1.35 Succotash, N o. 2, S t d. 1.00 Succotash, N o. 2, fancy, S t d 1. 35

R a t e per can. N o t sold per can. 4c 6%c 8V3C i2M>c n^c 8c g Ac nV4c 8c 9%c u^c 8c 9%c 8c n}4c 8%c n%c s

A t your Grocer's, per can. 6c 8-ioc 10c 18c 15c 10c 12c 15c 10c 12c 15c 10c 12c 10c 15c 10c 15c

Comparative Plantation Mocca Kneipp Malt, small K n e i p p M a l t, large

15c per lb. 20c, 25c a n d 35c per lb. 20c, 25c a n d 35c per lb. 25c, 35c a n d 40c per lb. 20c, 25c a n d 35c per lb. 25c, 35c a n d 40c per lb. . · · · · 25c, 35c a n d 40c per lb. 25c, 35c a n d 40c per lb.

25c a n d a n d 31c per lb. 27c a n d 33 p e r lb. $1.20 per d o z. $1.10 per 1/2 doz. COCOA.

R o c k w o o d s, baby size R o c k w o o d s, 1/4. lb. size Bischoff, 1/4 lb. size L o w n e y ' s, 3/4 lb. size R u n k e l, 1/4 lb. size B a k e r ' s, 1/2 l b. size WHOLE

10

C

28 GROUND ( A b s o l u t e l y pure.

A t your Grocer's 30c, 40c a n d 60c per l b. 30c, 40c a n d 60c per l b. 40c, 50c a n d 80c per l b. 30c, 40c a n d 60c per l b. 40c, 50c a n d 80c per lb. 40c, 50c a n d 80c per l b. 40c, 50c a n d 80c per lb.

SPICES.

B l a c k Pepper W h i t e Pepper Allspice Cloves Mustard Cinnamon Ginger M i x e d spices f o r p i c k l i n g

Prices

33c a n d 40c per lb. 35c a n d 45c p e r l b. 13c per pkge. 21c per pkge.

A t your Grocer's $.45 r d o z. > 3 1/2 5c 90 per doz. 71/2-IOC 90 per doz. 7 1/2-10C 90 p e r doz. 7 1/2 - 10c 90 per doz. 7 1/2 - 10c 1.10 per 1/2 d o z. 18c - 25c p

Bay Leaves Allspice Cloves B l a c k Pepper Nutmeg

TEAS. ( P r i c e s o n 5 lbs. or over.) Ready M i x e d Young Hyson Japan or Green Gunpowder English Breakfast Formosa Oolong Ceylon. ..

Checks must be sent with order.

e

A t your Grocer's 12c per l b. 18c-20c 12c per l b. 1 i 8 c - 2 0 c per lb. 22C-25C 13c per l b. 20C-22C per l b. 40C-50C

SPICES. I n 6-lb. boxes.) A t your Grocer's 18c p e r lb. 25C-3OC 24c per lb. 3OC-4OC 18c per l b . 25c-30c 18c per l b . 25c-30c . 18c per l b . 25C-30C 18c per l b . 25C-3OC 18c per l b . 25C-3OC 16c p e r l b . 25C-30C

P r i c e s o n a l l goods subiect to change o f market. COFFEE. ( P r i c e s o n 10 lbs. o r over.) Santos Peaberry Java Maracaibo

19c a n d 23c per lb. 23c a n d 27c per lb 23c a n d 27c per l b. 23c a n d 27c per lb.

CIGARS. 25c a n d 30c per l b. 30c a n d 35c per l b. 30c a n d 35c per lb 30c a n d 35c per l b.

L a b o r Seal Sallie Rendell Judge Royal Alberta Converse

$3.00 $3.00 $4.00 $6.00

per per per per

100 ; $1.50 per 100; $1.50 per 100; $2.00 per 100; $3.00 per

50 50 50 50


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Page:How and what to grow in a kitchen garden of one acre (IA howwhattogrowin00darl).pdf/190

 the row, and the soil should be very rich and warm. New York Purple is the leading variety, but those who succeed with the Black Pekin cannot fail to be pleased with its large, glossy fruits.

When all danger from frost is over, carefully transplant the Tomato plants from the cold frame to the open ground, to stand two feet apart in the row. As they grow tie them up on a trellis and remove all superfluous branches, so as to give the growing fruit the benefit of full sunshine, without which it will be of inferior quality and scarcely worth the having. Nothing can be worse than allowing tomato plants to grow along the ground at will without any support. Better it would be not to grow any at all than to degrade them in that manner. Make a small trellis, four feet high, by nailing a few pieces of lath across small stakes driven into the ground. I regard Livingston’s Perfection as an excellent variety, and have grown extra large specimens of the Mikado, which, by the way, seems to have


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Page:William Muir, Thomas Hunter Weir - The Caliphate; Its Rise, Decline, and Fall (1915).djvu/301

was not content with heaping on his rival malediction. He resolved on immediate renewal of hostilities. There was, however, other work before him in first dealing with an enemy nearer home.

Ever since they had broken up their camp at Ḥarūrā, the Khawārij, instead of settling down in sentiments of loyalty and peace, had been gaining in aggressive force and turbulence. There should be no oath of fealty, was the theocratic cry, but to the Lord alone, the Mighty and the Glorious. To swear allegiance to either ʿAlī or Muʿāwiya was in derogation of that great name. "Both sides," they said, "are coursing along, neck and neck, in the race of apostasy: the Syrians run after Muʿāwiya right or wrong, and ye swear for ʿAlī through black and white. It is nought but blasphemy." So they drew up their creed in one short sentence: No arbitration but that of God alone; and this they insolently flung in ʿAlī's teeth. In vain the Caliph argued, as before, that arbitration had been forced upon him by themselves. "True," they readily replied; "but we have repented of that lapse; and thou must repent of it too or else we shall fight against thee; and if so be we are slain, we shall gladly meet our Lord." ʿAlī yet hoped to win them

272


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 658] over. He bore with their seditious talk; and made his intention known of treating them forbearingly. "They should have free access to the mosques for prayer. If they joined his army, they would share the booty like the rest. So long as they refrained from any overt act, he would use no force of arms against them."

Instead of pacifying the fanatics, this moderation but emboldened them. At last, when the umpires' judgment was delivered, they denounced it as amply justifying their secession, and resolved at once to raise the divine standard. They looked for heavenly interposition; but even if they perished, it was a righteous cause which must triumph in the end; and they themselves, protesting against a wicked world, would surely be inheritors of the world to come. Accordingly, about a month after the arbitration, they began, in concert with the brethren who sympathised with them at Al-Baṣra, to leave their homes by stealth. The conspirators from Al-Baṣra, 500 strong, under a Tamīmite, were pursued by the governor, but effecting their escape, joined the party which in greater force had issued forth from Al-Kūfa. Secular power, and the pomp of this life, were abhorrent from the covenanting creed; and it was only after many had declined the dangerous pre-eminence, and then simply as a temporary expedient, that a leader was prevailed on to accept the chief command. The design was to seize Al-Medāin, and there, under a Council of Representatives, establish theocratic rule as a model to the ungodly cities all around. But the governor had timely warning and repulsed the attempt. They passed on, and: in small bodies crossing the Tigris farther up, assembled at Nahrawān 4000 strong, under a chief of their own choice, ʿAbdallah ibn Wahb.

Like all fanatics, they would strain out a gnat and swallow a camel. They perpetrated terrible atrocities; but one of them having speared a pig went away to compensate its owner, and another would not eat a date which he had picked up because he had not paid for it.

ʿAlī did not at first recognise the serious bearing of the movement. The number was comparatively small; and he hoped that, immediately they saw their former comrades in


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Page:How and what to grow in a kitchen garden of one acre (IA howwhattogrowin00darl).pdf/193

 fall and winter. Eclipse is one of the best early Beets and Long Blood Red is the very best late variety.

Sow late seed in a seed bed, when danger from frost is over, and when plants are three inches high, plant them in rows three feet apart, with plants 2½ feet apart in the row. Late Flat Dutch, Burpee’s Surehead and Large Late Drumhead are reliable sorts.

and seeds should under no consideration be planted before the weather is settled and warm, as the young plants are extremely tender and sensitive to cold. Cucumber hills should be four feet apart each way, and squash hills should be six feet apart. Scatter about a dozen seeds in a hill, and when the second pair of leaves have formed, remove all but three of the strongest plants. No fruit should be permitted to ripen on cucumber vines, as this greatly weakens the plant and prevents it from further setting fruit. Pinching off the tips of winter squash vines when they are about three feet long increases their productiveness. Early Green Cluster, White Spine, and London Long Green are good varieties of cucumbers. The list of desirable squashes is long, but whoever grows the Pineapple and the Brazil Sugar Squash for early use, and the Essex Hybrid and Hubbard for winter use, will not be disappointed.

The term “hills,” as used here and elsewhere in this paper, does not imply heaped-up soil, but simply means that several seeds are to be planted together in one place, on a level with the rest of the ground. This I have found to be better than heaping up the


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 ground to form hills, which soon dry out and are difficult to water.

The only plant requiring hills or ridges is the. Throw several furrows together with a plow and draw the soil up with a hoe, to form a tapering ridge, two feet high and three foot wide at the bottom. The plants, which are obtained by planting the tubers in a hotbed, are planted two feet apart on top of this ridge. Being of tropical origin, the sweet potato plants should never be planted till danger from frost is over. One hoeing is generally sufficient, as the vines soon cover the ridge, but these should not be allowed to take root, as that diminishes the productiveness of the plant. Late varieties are of better quality than the early ones.

No garden is complete without at least a few plants of peppers, gumbo and leeks. To grow to perfection, the young plants should be grown in the hotbed and be transplanted to very rich soil, from twelve to eighteen inches apart, according to variety. When they commence blooming, a liberal quantity of hen manure should be strewn around each plant and be hoed in. This will increase the product


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User talk:Ficaia

Praise of Aton by king Ikhnaton and queen Nefernefruaton
This appears to be an excerpt from another work. Excerpts are not hostable on Wikisource. The entire work must be hosted.

Please see the discussion at Proposed deletions. I have also nominated the five volume series for the Monthly Challenge. If it is started there, then transcriptions can be done as part of the complete work. --EncycloPetey (talk) 22:24, 6 January 2024 (UTC)

Tomb of Eye (Breasted)
This also looks like a partial transcription, and cannot be hosted here. The entire article must be present, not an extract. --EncycloPetey (talk) 22:31, 6 January 2024 (UTC)

title: User talk:Ficaia


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 wonderfully. Burpee’s Ruby King and Golden Dawn are two superb new varieties.

, or, is grown for its seed pods, which are used in soups and stews. Plant the seed eighteen inches apart, when the ground is warm, in spring, and use the pods while young and tender.

Seed very early, in a seed bed, in a sheltered place, if possible. When plants are about six inches long, transplant them to trenches six inches deep, with very rich soil at the bottom. Fill up the trenches as the plants grow, and later draw soil up to them. As a result, you will have fine, large leeks, blanched a foot long, which may be kept all winter if dug up with the roots on, and stored in moist sand in the cellar. Aside from being valuable for soups and salads, blanched leek makes an excellent dish when sliced and cooked like green peas. This fact does not seem to be generally known, as well-grown lock is so seldom seen in kitchen gardens.

We will now go back again to the ground adjoining the parsnips and salsify. The early vegetables will mature and be harvested one after the other, so that there will be enough vacant ground in time for—

seed in a hotbed or cold frame. When a few inches high, plant five inches apart, in a bed, in


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 the open ground, which should be especially prepared for the purpose by extra heavy manuring. Let the plants remain in this bed, to grow strong and stocky. Never let the ground in this bed become dry; give thorough cultivation and cut off the tops of the plants once or twice, to make them grow stocky. When six or eight inches high, lift the plants carefully and set them six or eight inches apart, in trenches a foot wide and fourteen or more inches in depth. Several inches of rotted stable manure should be mixed with the soil at the bottom of the trench. When planting, firm the ground well around each plant Supply enough water to keep the ground at the bottom of the trench very moist all the time. As the plants grow, press soil around the bottom of each plant and tie together at the top with string, to keep the stems straight and in an upright position. The blanching or earthing up is done by gradually filling up the trench with ground as the plants grow. Care should be taken not to get any ground into the hearts of the plants and never to earth up while they are wet. Sowing seed in the open ground and growing plants on the level surface may do for cool northern latitudes, but my experience is that it will not do here in southern Illinois. Boston Market and Crawford’s Half Dwarf are as good as any of the taller varieties, and are more easily blanched.


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Page:History of the Literature of the Scandinavian North.djvu/289

Rh elegant manner, and carried forward through interesting situations to a satisfactory conclusion. This, together with his lively and tasteful style, makes his works a very attractive and charming reading. Of his many novels, in which the plot is taken from modern daily life, his "Lykkens Yndling" (Fortune's favorite) and "To Venner" (two friends) had the greatest success, and of his historical novels the most remarkable are "Gamle Minder" (Old recollections) from the times of Struense and Queen Carolina Mathilde; "Kröniker fra Erik af Pomerens Tid" (Chronicles from the time of Erik of Pomerania), and "Kröniker fra Christian den Andens Tid" (Chronicles from the time of Christian II).

From this sketch of modern Danish poetical literature it appears that it attained an uncommonly rich development after Oehlenschläger had appeared and spoken the emancipating word which broke the magic bonds that had fettered the intellectual powers of the nation. And yet we have given only the most important names. The intellectual life was thriving to an almost incredible degree, and almost every day brought forth a new poet. Many of them lived to be sure only an ephemeral life in the literature, but in addition to those already mentioned, there were still many who became known and deserve recognition from the fact that they expressed from their own point of view certain sides of the aesthetic culture of the period. We shall name the most important ones among them.

(1800-56) was a remarkable lyrical talent, whose glowing erotic poems betray an intellectual kinship now with Chr. Winther, and now with Heine, yet his productions always bear the unmistakable stamp of the peculiar individuality of the author. One of the main features of his poetry is a strongly marked sensuality—and in this he goes further than any other poet of his time—and a vigorous bold humor that is sprinkled through his verses. To this he


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Page:Pelman v. McDonald's Corporation (S.D.N.Y. 2003).pdf/19

 :b. Count II

Count II, which focuses on representations targeting children, fails for the same reasons discussed above. The Complaint does not identify a single specific advertisement, promotion or statement directed at infant consumers, and Count II must be dismissed in the absence of such specificity.

As with the first subset of Count I, the plaintiffs have attempted to point out potential specific acts in their opposition papers. They focus on two specific promotions geared toward minors: (1) a plastic beef steak figure named “Slugger,” accompanied by a nutritional pamphlet encouraging children to eat two servings a day in the meat group to “make it easier to do things like climb higher and ride your bike farther,” (Pls.’ Mem. at 48–49 n. 53) and (2) promotions of the “Mighty Kids Meal,” a souped-up Happy Meal, that equate eating the larger-portioned meal with being more grown-up. With regard to the latter, plaintiffs still fail to identify specific exhortations or promises associated with the Mightier Kids Meals, and such bare allegations would also be dismissed for lack of specificity were they included in an amended complaint. In any case, if plaintiffs are only concerned about the appellation “Mightier Kids Meal,” such name is seemingly mere puffery, rather than any claim that children who eat a “Mighty Kids Meal” will become mightier. The former is sufficiently specific, were it included in the Complaint, to survive a motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim with sufficient specificity. Of course, plaintiffs would still have to set forth grounds to establish that the promotion was deceptive and that they suffered some injury as a result of that particular promotion.

The plaintiffs also raise for the first time in their opposition papers an argument that McDonalds has acted duplicitously in claiming that it is committed to providing nutritional information to its customers. This argument also fails for lack of specificity; the plaintiffs do not cite to a particular recent occasion where McDonalds has stated such commitment. Even if this allegation were to be included in the Complaint, its deceptive nature is unclear. Plaintiffs admit that McDonalds has made its nutritional information available online and do not contest that such information on all its products and at all points of purchase, plaintiffs do not state a claim.

 * III. Counts III, IV and V: Negligence Claims

The plaintiffs’ common law claims against McDonalds sound in negligence, alleging that McDonalds was negligent in manufacturing and selling its products and negligent in failing to warn consumers of the potential hazards of eating its products. McDonalds argues that each of these claims failfails [sic] as a matter of law because (1) the attributes about which plaintiffs complain were so well-known that McDonalds had not duty either to eliminate


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Rh for testing the results of philosophical deductions. His chief works are "Grundideernes Logik" (of which two volumes have been published) and "Natur og Aand," in which he develops his views of philosophy and nature. He has also written a great number of books and dissertations, partly purely scientific and partly popular in form. In all his writings as also in his professional lectures he is exceedingly eloquent.

A decided opponent of Nielsen's conception of the religious principle was (1820-76), professor of philosophy in the University of Copenhagen. Still he did not take the side of the theologians, but he may rather he said to have exercised a subtle negative criticism not upon theological views of Christianity, but also upon Christianity itself. He has made very valuable contributions to the history of philosophy, among which are his "Benedikt Spinoza," "Philosophiens historiske Udvikling," and "Philosophiens Historie i Grundrids."

In the domain of we must, above all, mention  (1771-1851) the discoverer of electro-magnetism and the author of many valuable works on physics. His views concerning the philosophy of nature he has developed in a brilliant and attractive work, "Aanden i Naturen" (The soul in Nature). The following are also to be mentioned: the botanist, (1789-1852); the geologist and chemist,  (1794-1864), and the zoölogist,  (born 1813), who also has distinguished himself in archæology to which he has been led by his palæontological studies.


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290 The study of antiquities acquired from the beginning of the present century a grand development, partly from the fact that the national feeling was strengthened, and partly in consequence of the enthusiasm which Oehlenschläger's writings had aroused for the ancient times of the North. Among the men whose activity contributed most to advance this science the following are especially to be mentioned: (1776-1834), a compiler and editor of antiquarian works. In his "Sagabibliothek" he gives a critical exposition of the whole saga literature. He made a careful examination of the chronicles of Saxo and Snorre, and edited a fine edition of Saxo. The works of the Icelander (1781-1846) present the mythology and early history of the North with great learning. He also edited the Elder Edda in the original text and in a Danish translation. (1781-1862) did much excellent work in the field of linguistics and the history of literature, and his "Det Danske, norske og svenske Sprogs Historie" and "Bidrag til den danske Literaturs Historie" are works of great merit. He also made faithful and elegant translations of different sagas, and among his historical writings we would call special attention to his "Danmarks Historie i Hedenold." (1788-1865) advanced in a very effective and practical manner the study of archæology, and the care which he bestowed on the great collection of antiquities which he superintended can hardly be overestimated. As a writer he was not remarkable, and still it should be remembered that it was his little work, "Ledetraad til nordisk Oldkyndighed," which laid the foundation of a systematic study of northern antiquities. , (born 1821) by his numerous and excellent archæological and historical works has contributed much to the eminence which antiquarian studies have attained in a comparatively short time. Among his historical works the most remarkable is "De Danskes Erobring af England og Nor-


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Page:Pelman v. McDonald's Corporation (S.D.N.Y. 2003).pdf/20

 such attributes or to warn plaintiffs about them, and (2) the plaintiffs cannot establish proximate cause.

 * A. Count III: Inherently Dangerous Food

 * 1. Whether McDonalds Had a Duty to Plaintiffs Because the Dangers Were Not Within Common Knowledge

In addition to the allegations in the Complaint with regard to McDonalds’ duty, arguments raised for the first time in the papers on this motion will be addressed.

 * a. Allegations Within the Complaint

Count III essentially alleges that McDonalds’ products are inherently dangerous because of the inclusion of high levels of cholesterol, fat, salt and sugar. McDonalds argues that because the public is well aware that hamburgers, fires and other fast food fare have such attributes, McDonalds cannot be held liable. E.g., Olliver v. Heavenly Bagels, Inc., 189 Misc.2d 125, 127, 729 M.Y.S.2d 611, 613 (2001) (“Where as here a product by its very nature has a dangerous attribute, liability is imposed only when the product has an attribute not reasonably contemplated by the purchaser or is unreasonably dangerous for its intended use.”) (quoting Huppe v. Twenty-First Century Restaurants, 130 Misc.2d 736, 738, 497 N.Y.S.2d 306 (1985) (citing ''Robinson v. Reed-Prentice Div. of Package Mach. Co.'', 49 N.Y.2d 471, 479, 426 N.Y.S.2d 717, 720, 403 N.E.2d 440 (1980))).

McDonalds cites to the Restatement (Second) of Torts and claims that because plaintiffs’ claims hinge on injuries resulting from excessive consumption of food, they face a high bar indeed: Many products cannot possibly be made entirely safe for all consumption, and any food or drug necessarily involves some risk of harm, if only from over-consumption. Ordinary sugar is a deadly poison to some diabetics, and castor oil found use under Mussolini as an instrument of torture. That is not what is meant by “unreasonably dangerous” …. The article sold must be dangerous to an extent beyond that which would be contemplated by the ordinary consumer who purchases it, with the ordinary knowledge common to the community as to its characteristics. Good whiskey is not unreasonably dangerous merely because it will make some people drunk, and is especially dangerous to alcoholics; but bad whiskey, containing a dangerous amount of fuel oil, is unreasonably dangerous. Good tobacco is not unreasonably dangerous merely because the effects of smoking may be harmful; but tobacco containing something like marijuana may be unreasonably dangerous. Good butter is not unreasonably


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Rh mandiet" (The conquest of England and Normandy by the Danes).

In the department of history we have to mention (1781-1871), who in numerous works, particularly in his "Historiske Antegnelser til Holbergs Lystspil," has given us important contributions to the history of Danish culture, and  (1783-1837), who developed a literary activity of rare wealth. The first real historian of Denmark (Holberg excepted) was (1811-1872), who combined a comprehensive historical knowledge with an excellent talent for its exposition. His great work, which unfortunately was not completed, "De tre nordiske Rigers Historie under Hans, Christjern II, Frederik I, Gustav Vasa og Grevefeiden, 1497-1537," is a masterpiece. The works of (born 1816), though not very voluminous, are equally excellent, both as to style and contents. A large work by him "Europas Folkestammer," has not been completed. The works of, "Grevens Feide," and "De förste Konger af den oldenborgske Slægt," have considerable historical value.

The study of languages has been pursued with marked success in connection with the archæological researches. In


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292 this field the above mentioned distinguished himself by his great lexicographical works, "Dansk Ordbog," "Dansk Dialektlexikon," etc. We have already mentioned  as the author of many valuable linguistic works. But the most distinguished scholar in this field is (1787-1831). By his prize essay on the Old Norse or Icelandic language, by his Icelandic grammar and other works, he laid the foundation of a comprehensive and systematic study of this old language. His extraordinary linguistic talent is also demonstrated by the fact that he is one of the founders of modern comparative philology.

In (born 1804) has attained a world-wide reputation.


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272 adds a rare talent for producing a very effective picture in a few words, and in general for handling the language in a masterly manner. It is a striking proof of how the times were surfeited with the æsthetic productions which the close of the first half of the present century poured forth, that the volumes of poems published in 1838 by Aarestrup hardly received any notice. He was discovered as it were after his death, and not until then did he receive the recognition due to him.

(1793-1874) was also a peculiarly gifted lyric poet. His talent was not very comprehensive, but what he sang had a full, pure tone, and his songs were always clothed in a beautiful form. As a very young man he repeatedly published poems, and this he continued to do from time to time to the close of his life, always preserving his intellectual freshness and enjoying life. Though all his poems are contained in one small volume, still the latter may be said to contain only gems. Bödtcher's poems are chiefly erotic. One of their main traits is a quiet, gentle enjoyment of life, though he is at times exuberant and sparkling. His love of existence reveals itself in a tender feeling for all that is beautiful and good in life, and in a remarkably refined taste for the beauties of nature. He had lived many years in Italy, and reminiscences of his sojourn there are found in his poems. The themes of some of his finest poems are taken from Italy.

(1807-46) did not, on account of unfortunate circumstances, attain the full development of his fine talents, whose originality and freshness are most brilliantly revealed in several exquisite poems of his youth, though they are not always free from a certain rhetorical bombast. His chief work, "Min Broders Levned" (My brother's life), a novel written after a French pattern, is in part autobiographical. On this account the book acquires a greater interest than its merits would otherwise give it.

(born 1811) first attracted the gen-


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Page:Pelman v. McDonald's Corporation (S.D.N.Y. 2003).pdf/21

 merely because, if such be the case, it deposits cholesterol in the arteries and leads to heart attacks; but had butter, contaminated with poisonous fish oil, is unreasonably dangerous. Restatement (2d) of Torts, § 402A, cmt. i.

When asked at oral argument to distinguish this case from those cases involving injuries purportedly caused by asbestos exposure, counsel for the defendants stated that in this case, the dangers complained of have been well-known for some time, while the dangers of asbestos did not becamebecome [sic] apparent until years after exposure. The Restatement provision cited above confirms this analysis, recognizing that the dangers of over-consumption of items such as alcoholic beverages, or typically high-in-fat foods such as butter, are well-known. Thus any liability based on over-consumption is doomed if the consequences of such over-consumption are common knowledge.

It is worth noting, however, that the Restatement provision cited above included tobacco as an example of products such as whiskey and butter, the unhealthy over-consumption of which could not lead to liability. As the successful tobacco class action litigation and settlements have shown, however, the fact that excessive smoking was known to lead to health problems did not vitiate liability when, for instance, tobacco companies had intentionally altered the nicotine levels of cigarettes to induce addiction. E.g., Burton v. R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Co., 205 F.Supp.2d 1253, 1254–55 (D.Kan.2002) (noting jury verdict in favor of plaintiff’s claims on failure to warn, negligent testing and research and fraudulent concealment based on assertions that defendant cigarette manufacturer caused his peripheral vascular disease and addiction).

Thus, in order to state a claim, the Complaint must allege either that the attributes of McDonalds products are so extraordinarily unhealthy that they are outside the reasonable contemplation of the consuming public or that the products are so extraordinarily unhealthy as to be dangerous in their intended use. The Complaint—which merely alleges that the foods contain high levels of cholesterol, fat, salt and sugar, and that the foods are therefore unhealthy—fails to reach this bar. It is well-known that fast food in general, and McDonalds’ products in particular, contain high levels of cholesterol, fat, salt, and sugar, and that such attributes are bad for one.


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Page:How and what to grow in a kitchen garden of one acre (IA howwhattogrowin00darl).pdf/197

 Seed of should not be sown early, as this plant is grown chiefly for late summer and autumn salad. In this latitude we sow at intervals from the middle of June to the 1st of August. Seed may be sown either broadcast or in drills, but the plants should be thinned so as to stand from six to nine inches apart. It may also be sown in a seed bed and be transplanted to the proper distance apart. When the plants are full grown, tie all the outside leaves together over the heart, to blanch the inner leaves, which will take about a week. To keep up a constant supply, some should be tied up every few days. Never tie up when the leaves are wet or they will soon decay. Green Curled and Batavian are both very good.

and winter seed may be sown from the latter part of July to the middle of August. If the ground is reasonably free from weed seeds it is advisable to sow broadcast, otherwise it is better to sow in drills. In either case, it is well to remember that the plants should be, like the first settlers, without a near neighbor. The size and quality of the turnips and radishes will depend, to a great extent, upon thin sowing of the seed, or, what is still better,


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Page:Pelman v. McDonald's Corporation (S.D.N.Y. 2003).pdf/22

 This rule makes sense in light of the policy issues discussed at the outset of this opinion. If a person knows or should know that eating copious orders of super-sized McDonalds’McDonalds [sic] products is unhealthy and may results in weight gain, and its concomitant problems) because of the high levels of cholesterol, fat, salt and sugar, it is not the place of the law to protect them from their own excesses. Nobody is forced to eat at McDonalds. (Except, perhaps, parents of small children who desire McDonalds’ food, toy promotions or playgrounds and demand their parents’ accompaniment. ) Even more pertinent, nobody is forced to supersize their meal or choose less healthy options on the menu.

As long as a consumer exercises free choice with appropriate knowledge, liability for negligence will not attach to a manufacturer. It is only when that free choice becomes but a chimera—for instance, by the masking of information necessary to make the choice, such as the knowledge that eating McDonalds with a certain frequency would irrefragably cause harm—that manufacturers should be held accountable. Plaintiffs have failed to allege in the Complaint that their decisions to eat at McDonalds several times a week were anything but a choice freely made and which now may not be pinned on McDonalds.

 * b. Allegations Outside the Complaint

In an attempt to save their common law causes of action, plaintiffs raise four arguments that are not alleged in the Complaint to show that McDonalds has a duty toward plaintiffs: (1) McDonalds’ products have been processed to the point where they have become completely different and more dangerous than the run-of-the-mill products they resemble and than a reasonable consumer would expect; (2) plaintiffs have an allergic sensitivity to McDonalds’ products; (3) McDonalds should know that consumers would misuse products (presumably by eating in larger quantities or at greater frequencies than is healthy); and (4) policy arguments based upon the Nutrition Labeling and Education Act. While the Court may only consider allegations in the Complaint for the purposes of this motion, Kramer, 937 F.2d at 773, these arguments are important in determining whether the plaintiffs should have the right to amend their complaint, as they point to potentially viable claims, and thus will briefly be addressed.


text:
Author:Fujiwara no Kintō

Works

 * Shūi Wakashū, as compiler and contributor
 * Shūishō (拾遺抄), as compiler
 * Shūishō (拾遺抄), as compiler

title: Author:Fujiwara no Kintō


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Page:The Expedition of Humphry Clinker, Volume 1 - Smollett (1772).djvu/69

 ver had the least acquaintance with her person; but, if she is really in the condition you describe, I suspect Mansel to be at the bottom of the whole. His visits to that shrine were no secret; and this attachment, added to some good offices, which you know he has done me, since I left Alma-mater, give me a right to believe him capable of saddling me with this scandal, when my back was turnedNevertheless, if my name can be of any service to him, he is welcome to make use of it; and if the woman should be abandoned enough to swear his bantling to me, I must beg the favour of you to compound with the parish: I shall pay the penalty without repining; and you will be so good as to draw upon me immediately for the sum required—On this occasion, I act by the advice of my uncle; who says I shall have good-luck if I pass through life without being obliged to make many more compositions of the same kind. The old gentleman told me last night, with great good-humour, that betwixt the age of twenty and forty, he had been obliged to provide for nine bastards, sworn to him by women whom he never saw—Mr. Bramble's character, which seems to interest you greatly, opens


text:
Author:Daini no Sanmi

Works

 * Daini no Sanmi-shū
 * Goshūi Wakashū, as contributor
 * Goshūi Wakashū, as contributor

title: Author:Daini no Sanmi


text:
Portal:Haldeman-Julius Company

Published

 * The Little Blue Books series

title: Portal:Haldeman-Julius Company


text:
Author:Akazome Emon

Works

 * Akazome Emon Shū
 * Goshūi Wakashū, as contributor
 * Goshūi Wakashū, as contributor

title: Author:Akazome Emon


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Page:Biographia literaria; or, Biographical sketches of my literary life and opinions (IA biographialitera04cole).pdf/266

 prehensible than as an immediate spiritual influence, there remains nothing but its law, the execution of which on a vast scale is the mechanism of the heavenly motions. The theory of natural philosophy would then be completed, when all nature was demonstrated to be identical in essence with that, which in its highest known power exists in man as intelligence and self-consciousness; when the heavens and the earth shall declare not only the power of their maker, but the glory and the presence of their God, even as he appeared to the great prophet during the vision of the mount in the skirts of his divinity.

This may suffice to show, that even natural science, which commences with the material phænomenon as the reality and substance of things existing, does yet by the necessity of theorising unconsciously, and as it were instinctively, end in nature as an intelligence; and by this tendency the science of nature becomes finally natural philosophy, the one of the two poles of fundamental science.

2.

In the pursuit of these sciences, our success in each, depends on an austere and faithful adherence to its own principles with a careful


text: Author:Koshikibu no Naishi

title: Author:Koshikibu no Naishi


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Page:Biographia literaria; or, Biographical sketches of my literary life and opinions (IA biographialitera04cole).pdf/267

 separation and exclusion of those, which appertain to the opposite science. As the natural philosopher, who directs his views to the objective, avoids above all things the intermixture of the subjective in his knowledge, as for instance, arbitrary suppositions or rather suffictions, occult qualities, spiritual agents, and the substitution of final for efficient causes; so on the other hand, the transcendental or intelligential philosopher is equally anxious to preclude all interpolation of the objective into the subjective principles of his science, as for instance the assumption of impresses or configurations in the brain, correspondent to miniature pictures on the retina painted by rays of light from supposed originals, which are not the immediate and real objects of vision, but deductions from it for the purposes of explanation. This purification of the mind is effected by an absolute and scientific scepticism to which the mind voluntary determines itself for the specific purpose of future certainty. Des Cartes who (in his meditations) himself first, at least of the moderns, gave a beautiful example of this voluntary doubt, this self-determined indetermination, happily expresses its utter difference from the scepticism of vanity or irreligion: Nec tamen in eo scepticos imitabar, qui dubitant tantum ut dubitent, et preter incerti tudinem ipsam nihil quærunt. Nam contra


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Page:How and what to grow in a kitchen garden of one acre (IA howwhattogrowin00darl).pdf/198

 a judicious thinning of the plants when young. The largest and sweetest turnips we have ever grown were of the Purple Top Strap-leaved variety, and were grown as a second crop after onions. The seed was sown broadcast, and no further attention given the plants except thinning while young. In the same manner and on similar soil we raised White and Black Spanish winter radishes of excellent quality, that weighed from four to seven pounds each. The Chinese Rose, though not so large, is the handsomest and one of the best winter radishes grown. The California Mammoth is a superb fall radish, but does not keep well in winter. The White Stuttgart is regarded as a summer radish, but I have had it, grown as a winter radish, to keep firm and solid till April.

, or, is a valuable plant for spring greens. The variety called Dwarf German Greens is best for this purpose. Sow seed in drills about September 1st, and give thorough cultivation till the approach of cold weather. When winter sets in, give protection with a covering of straw or similar material, put on so as not to smother the plants. The most effective way of doing this is to place a layer of fine brush or cornstalks between the drills, to a height equal to or exceeding the height of the plants in the drills. Then cover all with a layer of clean straw, six inches deep. The object of putting the brush between the drills is to provide an air cavity between the plants and the covering.

, or, is a valuable little plant


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Page:The Mystery of the Blue Train.pdf/24

man with the white hair continued on his course, unhurried, and seemingly indifferent to his surroundings. He took a side turning to the right and another one to the left. Now and then he hummed a little air to himself.

Suddenly he stopped dead and listened intently. He had heard a certain sound. It might have been the bursting of a tyre or it might have been—a shot. A curious smile played round his lips for a minute. Then he resumed his leisurely walk.

On turning a corner he came upon a scene of some activity. A representative of the law was making notes in a pocket-book, and one or two late passers-by had collected on the spot. To one of these the man with the white hair made a polite request for information.

"Something has been happening, yes?"

"Mais oui, Monsieur. Two apaches set upon an elderly American gentleman."

"They did him no injury?"

"No, indeed." The man laughed. "The American, he had a revolver in his pocket, and before they could attack him, he fired shots so closely round them that they took alarm and fled. The police, as usual, arrived too late."

"Ah!" said the inquirer.


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Page:The municipalites of the Roman empire (IA municipalitesofr00reidrich).pdf/20

2 won, and the process by which the Roman type of civilisation was spread over the western half of Europe, while an immense extension was given in the East to that form of culture which the Greeks had planted there of old. In particular, a study of the town in the ancient world casts some welcome light on two great historical problems which are probably destined never to be completely solved, the problem of Rome's elevation, and the problem of her decay.

For more reasons than one, it has been difficult until recent times to view aright the ancient municipality in its connexion with the Roman ascendency. One of these reasons is almost paradoxical. It is that the ancient historians of Rome treated her story from a municipal rather than an imperial point of view. The ruling city interests a Livy and a Tacitus almost to the exclusion of all else. And until late years, modern historians have generally followed their lead. They have not travelled far beyond the chronicles of the sword and the picturesque lives of the heroic exponents of virtue and villany, and the working of the great central organs of government. In ancient and modern histories alike, non-Roman communities rarely appear excepting when they are in conflict with, or in discontented subjection to, their suzerain. The whole of Latin literature affords but few and dim and transient glimpses of the inner life of even the greatest cities outside Rome, whether in Italy or in the provinces; though in old days as in ours the great main river of history depended for its volume on countless affluents drawn from the minor town and the field. Ancient Roman literary conventions left little room for the delineation of life in a provincial city. Only here and there does a writer who is untroubled by the metropolitan sense of dignity afford us peeps which are precious amid the poverty of our material. Thus Petronius depicts for us with vivid realism the society of a seaport, possibly Puteoli, which in his time, that of Nero, was rapidly becoming the principal maritime town of Italy. And Lucian sketches with satiric genius the humours of the Graeco-Asiatic city of the second century.


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Page:The Antigone of Sophocles (1911).djvu/62

58 You ’ll stir me up to tell my soul’s dread secret.

Unlock your bosom—only not for gain.

No gain for you in what I ’ll say, methinks.

In me you shall not traffic for your profit.

(solemnly). And you shall not live through the time marked out

By many rapid courses of the sun,

Before you will have rendered up a corpse

In one of thine own blood, in recompense

For corpse, since children of the world above

You thrust to Hades’ realm below, and lodged

A living soul dishonored in the grave,

And keep a man, belonging to the gods

Beneath, still lying in the world above,

A corpse unburied and unsanctified,

Bereft of all the honors due the dead.

Nor you, nor e’en the gods in Heaven, can

Lay claim to him, since he belongs to none

Except the nether gods, whom you offend.

For this the fiends of Hades and of Heaven,

Destroying and avenging Furies, lie

In wait for you, that you may now be caught,

Entangled likewise in the net of ruin.

Think you my speech is prompted by a bribe?

Consider well. A time will come, and soon,

When shrieks of men and women’s wailings loud

Shall in your house resound,—nay more, the realms

Are roused against you in tumultuous hate

Whose mangled sons wild beasts of prey and dogs

Have consecrated, or some wingéd bird

That soared aloft and bore pollution back

To hearths at home, from corpses in the field.

Such shafts unerring for your heart have I

Discharged in anger—for I feel the smart

Of your provoking words—and you will feel

The pang of every barb the archer sends.

Boy, lead me home, and leave him here to vent

His rage on younger men, that he may learn

Henceforth a tongue more temperate to nourish,

A better mind within his breast to cherish.


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Page:The Antigone of Sophocles (1911).djvu/63

SOPHOCLES. The man hath uttered dreadful prophecies,

My lord, and gone; and since these locks of mine,

Once dark, have turned all white with age, I know

Of not a single instance where the seer

Hath spoken falsely to the town of Thebes.

I know it too, and in my soul am troubled:

’T is hard to yield, but to resist and strike

My spirit with a curse is still more dire.

Son of Menœces, wisely shoutdst thou choose.

What must I do then? Speak and I obey.

Go, free the maiden from the prison-vault,

And lay th’ unburied body in the grave.

You really counsel thus, advise to yield?

As quickly as you can; for swift of foot

Runs Heaven’s vengeance after foolish men.

Oh, hard it is! But I obey and yield—

I cannot wage a war with Destiny.

Go then and do—entrust it not to others.

I ’ll go at once. Come, servants, one and all,

Get axes quickly, hasten to yon hill.

I mewed her up, and now that my resolve

Has changed, I ’ll come myself to give her freedom.

I see that justice which the gods uphold,

Should ever be the highest aim of life.

[Exit R.

Offspring of Zeus on high

That thunders so loud in the sky,

Glory, delight, beside,

Of the famed Cadmeian bride,

God of many a name and fair!

Thou that carest for all

Who on Bacchus in Italy call

And in Deo’s sheltered plain

Of Eleusis lord dost reign,

Whither worshippers repair!


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60 O Bacchus that dwellest in Thebes,

On whose broad and fertile glebes

Fierce warriors from the dragon’s teeth rose

Where Ismenus softly flows,

The city that Semele bare!

Oft has the torches’ glare

That flashes out bright in the air

Full of smoke from the pine-wood flame

Beheld thee in that place of fame,

High o’er the twin-crested mount,

Where the nymphs Corycian sport

In a joyous worshipful sort

Of Bacchanal frenzied dance,

And dart to and fro and glance

Hard by Castalia’s fount.

And Nysa’s murmuring rills

Her ivied slopes and hills

And the shore dark-mantled with green

Of the clustering vine hath seen

Thee in visible presence there.

Whence thou comest to visit the ways

Of Thebé the holy, while praise

Universal of mystic strains

And exalted “Evoe” refrains

Ring loud on the nocturnal air.

The city thou holdest in highest regard,

No other such love thou showest toward

As the city of Thebes, no other

So deeply loved by thy mother,

Whom the red levin smote;

And now that her people are held

By a plague most grievous, unquelled,

Bear us aid, no longer wait,

Cross thou the groaning strait,

Or down from Parnassus float.


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Page:The Antigone of Sophocles (1911).djvu/65

SOPHOCLES.

O leader of the heavenly chorus

Of fire-breathing stars high o’er us

Sympathetically moving with thee,

O master of night-revelry

Of song, thou begotten of Zeus,

Come forth with thy votaries now,

The Thyiads that unto thee bow,

Frenzied in dance the livelong night,

O Iacchus, appear to our sight,

Dispenser of fortunes to us.

Ye neighbors to old Cadmus’ citadel

And Amphion’s, no mortal man’s estate,

As firm and stable could I praise or blame.

For Chance lifts up and Chance casts down to earth

The prosperous man and him who prospers not,

And no man knows how long established things

Will last. For Creon once was blest: he saved

This land of Cadmus from its enemies,

And when supreme dominion in his hands

Was placed, he ruled the country, flourishing

And blest with princely sons,—and now all gone!

For when a man his joys hath forfeited,

I count him not among the living,—nay,

In my esteem he’s but a breathing corpse.

Accumulate great wealth, and, if you will,

Live like a king with pomp and ceremony;

But if with these there be no joy, I would

Not give a vapor’s shadow for the rest.

What new affliction ’s come upon our princes?

Death! And the living guilty of that death.

And who ’s the slayer? Who the fallen? Speak!

The prince is is dead, slain by no stranger’s hand.

Dead? Hæmon? By his father’s hand destroyed,

Or by his own?


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Page:Regal Rome, an Introduction to Roman History (1852, Newman, London, regalromeintrodu00newmuoft).djvu/20

6 name to include all the inhabitants of ancient Greece, of whatever race; with much the same vagueness as we now say Britons and British of all the inhabitants of our islands. If all our history were lost, an interminable controversy might be propagated n distant times on the relation of the English to the British, if learned men neglected to observe how national names, which at first are very limited in application,—as Pelasgian, Italian, Teuton, Alleman, Frank, Briton,—tend to grow into a generic and comprehensive use. In fact, we know positively that a great change took place in the meaning of the name Pelasgian, between the periods of Homer and Æschylus. In the poems of Homer we read of Argos in Thessaly, as distinctively Pelasgian; in contrast to which Homer calls Argos in Peloponnesus Achæan. But Æschylus and the poets who follow him conceived of Peloponnesian Argos as emphatically the metropolis of the Pelasgian nation, the dwelling-place of "Pelasgus" himself. In the same spirit Herodotus identifies all the oldest fixed population of Greece with Pelasgians, though Homer always uses Pelasgian


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SOPHOCLES. The chiefest element of happiness

Is wisdom. No impious words address

To the gods, commit no impious deed.

Big words from men presumptuous only breed

Tribulation and trouble and sorrow intense:

They are punished with blows,

And the fool never knows

Till, chastened, he ’s taught in old age good sense,


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Page:The Antigone of Sophocles (1911).djvu/66

62 His own. Enraged because

His sire condemned to death the maid he loved.

Oh prophet, how hast thou thy word fulfilled!

’T is even as I say—decide what ’s best.

But look! Eurydice, the hapless wife

Of Creon comes here from the house—by chance,

Or has she heard the tidings of her son?

Ye Thebans all, I overheard your words,

As I was coming forth to make my way

To Pallas’ shrine and offer up my prayers.

And I had just removed the bar, prepared

To open wide the door, when words of woe

Affecting me and mine fell on my ear;

Shocked, my affrighted senses fled, and back

I fell into my waiting-women’s arms.

Repeat thy tale. What tidings dost thou bring?

’T will be no new experience for me:

Not ignorant of sorrow I shall listen.

Dear lady, I was there, and what I saw

I ’ll tell without reserve and in detail.

For why should I attempt to soothe thy heart

And afterwards be proved a liar. Truth

Is always best.—As guide I led thy lord

Unto the summit of the plain, where still

Unpitied lay the corpse of Polyneices,

By dogs all mangled. To Persephone,

The goddess of the Cross-ways, and to Pluto,

We prayed to show us mercy and restrain

Their wrath; then washing pure and clean the corpse

With boughs fresh plucked we set to burning all

The dogs had left of his poor body; then

Of native earth heaped up a mound, and turned

To enter that rockvaulted chamber, where

The bridegroom, Death, awaited on a couch

Of stone. And long before we reached it, one

Of my companions heard a voice of wailing,


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Page:How and what to grow in a kitchen garden of one acre (IA howwhattogrowin00darl).pdf/176

 the land in a workable condition at least a week earlier.

Putting manure on the ground in the fall, or during winter, is a practice I would not recommend, because some of its most valuable portions are sure to be washed into the drains by the melting snow and spring rains, leaving the plants rather a meagre supply of nourishment to draw from when they come to need it most. The proper way to do is to give the ground a liberal spreading of thoroughly decomposed barnyard manure in spring, as soon as the land is in a workable condition.

This should immediately be plowed in, and be followed with a sharp, weighted harrow, to thoroughly pulverize and mix the soil. This is important, as the surface of the soil is not so liable to harden or bake afterwards, if the ground is well worked in the spring. The soil is also permeated to a greater depth by the sun and air, causing healthier and quicker growth, consequently better and earlier vegetables. The form of our one-acre patch should, by all means, be a rectangle, made longer than wide, with the rows running lengthwise, and all perfectly straight, and everything else so arranged that as much of the


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Page:The Antigone of Sophocles (1911).djvu/67

SOPHOCLES. Which seemed to come from that unhallowed room,

Where funeral nuptial rites had not been paid.

Returning quick, he told our master, Creon,

Who, coming nearer, low unmeaning cries

Perceived, which soon became distinct and clear,

The bitter wailings of a human voice.

And groaning with a cry of anguish, he

Exclaimed: “O my prophetic heart! Alas!

Is this to prove of all the journeys made

By me the most disastrous? Listen! Still!

My son’s voice greets me. Quick! My servants! On

With speed, pass through the entrance of the tomb—

The stones that blocked the passage up are torn

Away. Peer in and learn if Hæmon’s voice

Is that which greets my ear, or if my ear

Be cheated by the gods.” At the behest

Of our despairing lord we went and peered;

And in the farthest corner of the tomb

We saw her hanging by the neck in noose

Of fine-wrought linen, while. around her waist

In fond embrace had Hæmon thrown his arms,—

Still clinging there, bewailing his lost love,

His father’s deeds, his bride that was to be,

Now numbered with the dead. The father, though,

When he his son descried, rushed in with loud

And bitter cry, and wailing, called to him:

“Unhappy youth! What hast thou done? What prompts

This deed? What stroke deprived thee of thy reason?

Come out, my child! I beg thee—I implore!”

But glaring at his father savagely,

The boy made no reply, spat in his face,

And drawing suddenly his hilted sword,

An effort made to strike, but missed his aim;

His father, rushing forth, escaped. Insane

With anger at himself the wretched boy


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Page:How and what to grow in a kitchen garden of one acre (IA howwhattogrowin00darl).pdf/182

 As parsley seed is so obstinate about germinating in spring, it does better if sown in autumn, as soon as ripe. Where that is not possible, the seed may be sown in spring, but “don’t look for the plants till you see them coming,” since parsley seed just comes up when it feels like coming up, and not before. The plants should be given a moist, rich soil and a partly-shaded situation. The curled sorts are ornamental, but the plain-leaved is best for general use in cookery. When once established, a supply can easily be kept up from self-sown seed.

Aromatic or Sweet Herbs are worthy of more attention than they generally receive. If cooks used them more freely, doctors would have less occasion for prescribing them. The soil of the herb bed should be mellow and warm, but not over-rich. Deep, fertile soil produces an increase in size and foliage at the expense of fragrance, strength and flavor. The seeds should be sown as early in spring as the ground can be prepared.

Sweet Basil, Summer Savory, Sweet Marjoram, Sage and Thyme are grown for their foliage, which is used for seasoning, while Sweet Fennel, Dill, Coriander, Anise and Caraway are chiefly prized on account of their


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15 the majority contend, they must be derived out of human experiences, slowly accumulated and organized.

Should it be asserted that religious ideas are products of the religious sentiment, which, to satisfy itself, prompts. imaginations that it afterwards projects into the external world, and by and by mistakes for realities; the problem is not solved, but only removed further back. Whether the wish is father to the thought, or whether sentiment and idea have a common genesis, there equally arises the question — Whence comes the sentiment? That it is a constituent in man’s nature is implied by the hypothesis; and cannot indeed be denied by those who prefer other hypothesis. And if the religious sentiment, displayed habitually by the majority of mankind, and occasionally aroused even in those seemingly devoid of it, must be classed among human emotions, we cannot rationally ignore it. We are bound to ask its origin and its function. Here is an attribute which, to say the least, has had an enormous influence — which has played a conspicuous part throughout the entire past as far back as history records, and is at present the life of numerous institutions, the stimulus to perpetual controversies, and the prompter of countless daily actions. Any Theory of Things which takes no account of this attribute, must, then, be extremely defective. If with no other view, still asa question in philosophy, we are called on to say what this attribute means; and we cannot decline the task without confessing our philosophy to be incompetent.

Two suppositions only are open to us: the one that the feeling which responds to religious ideas resulted, along with all other human faculties, from an act of special creation; the other that it, in common with the rest, arose by a process of evolution. If we adopt the first of these alternatives, universally accepted by our ancestors and by the immense majority of our contemporaries, the matter is at once settled: man is directly endowed with the religious feeling by a

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16 creator; and to that creator it designedly responds. If we adopt the second alternative, then we are met by the questions — What are the circumstances to which the genesis of the religious feeling is due? and — What is its office? We are bound to entertain these questions; and we are bound to find answers to them. Considering all faculties, as we must on this supposition, to result from accumulated modifications caused by the intercourse of the organism with its environment, we are obliged to admit that there exist in the environment certain phenomena or conditions which have determined the growth of the feeling in question; and so are obliged to admit that it is as normal as any other faculty. Add to which that as, on the hypothesis of a development of lower forms into higher, the end towards which the progressive changes directly or indirectly tend, must be adaptation to the requirements of existence; we are also forced to infer that this feeling is in some way conducive to human welfare. Thus both alternatives contain the same ultimate implication. We must conclude that the religious sentiment is either directly created, or is created by the slow action of natural causes; and whichever of these conclusions we adopt, requires us to treat the religious sentiment with respect.

One other consideration should not be overlooked — a consideration which students of Science more especially need to have pointed out. Occupied as such are with established truths, and accustomed to regard things not already known as things to be hereafter discovered, they are liable to forget that information, however extensive it may become, can never satisfy inquiry. Positive knowledge does not, and never can, fill the whole region of possible thought. At the uttermost reach of discovery there arises, and must ever arise, the question — What lies beyond? As it is impossible to think of a limit to space so as to exclude the idea of space lying outside that limit; so we cannot conceive of any explanation profound enough to exclude the question — What is the explanation of that explanation? Regarding Science as a gradually increas-

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17 ing sphere, we may say that every addition to its surface does but bring it into wider contact with surrounding nescience. There must ever remain therefore two antithetical modes of mental action. Throughout all future time, as now, the human mind may occupy itself, not only with ascertained phenomena and their relations, but also with that unascertained something which phenomena and their relations imply. Hence if knowledge cannot monopolize consciousness — if it must always continue possible for the mind to dwell upon that which transcends knowledge; then there can never cease to be a place for something of the nature of Religion; since Religion under all its forms is distinguished from everything else in this, that its subject matter is that which passes the sphere of experience.

Thus, however untenable may be any or all the existing religious creeds, however gross the absurdities associated with them, however irrational the arguments set forth in their defence, we must not ignore the verity which in all likelihood lies hidden within them. The general probability that widely-spread beliefs. are not absolutely baseless, is in this case enforced by a further probability due to the omnipresence of the beliefs. In the existence of a religious sentiment, what- ever be its origin, we have a second evidence of great significance. And as in that nescience which must ever remain the antithesis to science, there is a sphere for the exercise of this sentiment, we find a third general fact of like implication. We may be sure therefore that religions, though even none of them be actually true, are yet all adumbrations of a truth.

§5. As, to the religious, it will seem absurd to: set forth any justification for Religion; so, to the scientific, will it seem absurd to defend Science. Yet to do the last is certainly as needful as. to do the first. If there exists a class who, in contempt of its follies and disgust at its corruptions, have contracted towards Religion a repugnance which makes then overlook the fundamental verity contained in it; so, too, is

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 been cast in the same mold as the Turner Hybrid. Be this as it may, I can heartily recommend either variety to all wishing to grow fine, solid, enormous-sized tomatoes.

, as the name implies, require poles or some other support for the vines to twine upon. The poles must be set firmly, to prevent being blown over by the wind. Where poles are not procurable, the vines may be trained upon strings stretched up and down along two wires, which are stretched and firmly fastened to posts or stakes, one wire above and the other below. Pole Bean trellis, seven feet high, can be purchased, and will answer the purpose for which they are intended. The best pole bean of its kind is the Large White Lima. Being very tender, it should not be planted before the ground is warm. The beans will come up sooner if the eye in the seed is placed downward. The seed should be lightly covered with mellow soil, as this bean, considering its size, has less penetrating power in coming up than any other kind. In rainy seasons I have covered the seed with coffee grounds, which never became compact or hard