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 say you're right, Aunt Bethia. Only, you see, I haven't come across the things in life that you read about in novels."

"You may yet," replied Miss Penkridge. "But when anybody says to me of a novel that it's impossible and far-fetched and so on, I'm always inclined to remind him of the old adage. For you can take it from me, Richard, that truth is stranger than fiction, and that life's full of queer things. Only, as you say, we don't all come across the strange things."

The silvery chime of the clock on the mantelpiece caused Miss Penkridge, at this point, to bring her work and her words to a summary conclusion. Hurrying her knitting into the hand-bag which she carried at her belt, she rose, kissed her nephew and departed bedward; while Viner, after refilling his pipe, proceeded to carry out another nightly proceeding which had become a habit. Every night, throughout the year, he always went for a walk before going to bed. And now, getting into an overcoat and pulling a soft cap over his head, he let himself out of the house, and crossing the square, turned down a side-street and marched slowly in the direction of the Bayswater Road.

November though it was the night was fine and clear, and there was a half-moon in the heavens; also there was rather more than a suspicion of frost in the air, and the stars, accordingly, wore a more brilliant appearance. To one who loved night strolling, as Viner did, this was indeed an ideal night for the time of year; and on this occasion, therefore, he went further than usual going along Bayswater Road as far as Notting Hill Gate, and thence returning through


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 the various streets and terraces which lay between Pembridge Gardens and Markendale Square. And while he strolled along, smoking his pipe, watching the twinkling lights of passing vehicles and enjoying the touch of frost, he was thinking, in a half-cynical, half-amused way, of his Aunt Bethia's taste for the sensational fiction and of her evidently sincere conviction that there were much stranger things in real life than could be found between the covers of any novel.

"Those were certainly two very odd instances which she gave me," he mused, "those of the prosperous banker and the pretty bride. In the first, how on earth did the man contrive to get away unobserved from a town in which, presumably, every soul knew him? Why did he go? Did he go? Is his body lying at the bottom of some hole by some roadside? Was he murdered in broad daylight on a public road? Did he lose his reason or his memory, and wander away and away? I think, as my aunt sagely remarked, that nobody is ever going to find anything about that affair! Then my Lady Marshflower—there's a fine mystery! Who was the man? What did she know about him? Where had they met? Had they ever met? Why did he shoot her? How on earth did he contrive to disappear without leaving some trace? How—"

At this point Viner's musings and questionings were suddenly and rudely interrupted. Unconsciously he had walked back close to his own Square, but on the opposite side to that by which he had left it, approaching it by one of the numerous long terraces which run out of the main road in the West-

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 bourne Grove district—when his musings were rudely interrupted. Between this terrace and Markendale Square was a narrow passage, little frequented save by residents, or by such folk familiar enough with the neighbourhood to know that it afforded a shortcut. Viner was about to turn into this passage, a dark affair set between high walls, when a young man darted hurriedly out of it, half collided with him, uttered a hasty word of apology, ran across the road and disappeared round the nearest corner. But just there stood a street-lamp, and in its glare Viner caught sight of the hurrying young man's face. And when the retreating footsteps had grown faint, Viner still stood staring in the direction in which they had gone.

"That's strange!" he muttered. "I've seen that chap somewhere—I know him. Now, who is he? And what made him in such a deuce of a hurry?"

It was very quiet at that point. There seemed to be nobody about. Behind him, far down the long, wide terrace, he heard slow, measured steps—that, of course, was a policeman on his beat. But beyond the subdued murmur of the traffic in the Bayswater Road in one direction and in Bishop's Road, Viner heard nothing but those measured steps. And after listening to them for a minute, he turned into the passage out of which the young man had just rushed so unceremoniously.

There was just one lamp in that passage—an old-fashioned affair, fixed against the wall, halfway down. It threw but little light on its surroundings. Those surroundings were ordinary enough. The passage itself was about thirty yards in length. It was in-


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 closed on each side by old brick walls, so old that the brick had grown black with age and smoke. These walls were some fifteen feet in height; here and there they were pierced by doors—the doors of the yards at the rear of the big houses on either side. The doors were set flush with the walls—Viner, who often walked through that passage at night, and who had something of a whimsical fancy, had thought more than once that after nightfall the doors looked as if they had never been opened, never shut. There was an air of queer, cloistral or prisonlike security in their very look. They were all shut now, as he paced down the passage, as lonely a place at that hour as you could find in all London. It was queer, he reflected, that he scarcely ever remembered meeting anybody in that passage.

And then he suddenly paused, pulling himself up with a strange consciousness that at last he was to meet something. Beneath the feeble light of the one lamp Viner saw a man. Not a man walking, or standing still, or leaning against the wall, but lying full length across the flagged pavement, motionless—so motionless that at the end of the first moment of surprise, Viner felt sure that he was in the presence of death. And then he stole nearer, listening, and looked down, and drawing his match-box from his pocket added the flash of a match to the poor rays from above. Then he saw white linen, and a bloodstain slowly spreading over its glossy surface.


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588 spikes or racemes, often forming terminal panicles. Perianth inferior, persistent; segments 3–6, free or connate at the base, imbricate. Stamens 5–9, rarely more or less, hypogynous or perigynous; filaments capillary or subulate, free or connate at the base; anthers 2-celled. Ovary superior, compressed or 3-gonous; styles 1–3; ovule solitary, basal, orthotropous. Fruit a small hard indehiscent trigonous or compressed nut, usually enclosed in the persistent perianth. Seed erect, testa membranous; albumen copious, farinaceous; embryo variable in position, radicle superior.

Herbs, rarely shrubby at the base. Leaves alternate; stipules membranous, usually tubular and closely sheathing the stem. Flowers small, hermaphrodite, clustered; clusters either axillary or in racemes or spikes or panicles; bracts and bracteoles membranous, ochreate; pedicels usually jointed. Perianth 5-partite, green or coloured; segments equal or the 2 or 3 outer ones the largest. Stamens 5–8. Ovary compressed or 3-gonous; styles 2 or 3, free or connate at the base; stigmas usually capitellate. Nuts compressed or 3-gonous, included in the persistent perianth. Seed albuminous; embryo excentric or lateral; radicle long, superior.


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Polygonum.] 1. P. aviculare, ''Linn. Sp. Plant.'' 362.—A glabrous rigid and wiry prostrate annual, much branched from the base; branches ½–2 ft. long, straggling, grooved, leafy throughout. Leaves scattered, sessile or shortly petioled, ⅓–1 in. long or more, linear-oblong to lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, rarely broader and elliptic-oblong, acute or obtuse, veins indistinct beneath, margins flat or recurved; stipules brown or reddish near the base, silvery-white above, scarious, lacerate to below the middle. Flowers small, $1⁄10$–$1⁄8$ in. long, solitary or in clusters of 2–4 in the axils of nearly all the leaves, very shortly pedicelled. Perianth-segments oblong, obtuse, with a green centre and broad white margins. Nut ovoid, obtusely 3-gonous, very minutely striate or punctate.—''Hook. f. Fl. Nov. Zel. i. 210; Handb. N.Z. Fl. 235; Benth. Fl. Austral.'' v. 267.

2. P. plebeium, R. Br. Prodr. 420.—Habit of P. aviculare, but smaller and more compactly branched. Stems prostrate, glabrous or minutely scaberulous, 4–12 in. long, rarely more; branches slender, grooved. Leaves more closely placed than in P. aviculare, ⅙–½ in. long, linear to linear-oblong, rarely linear-spathulate, obtuse or subacute, midrib evident, margins flat or recurved; stipules short, hyaline, lacerate to the middle. Flowers small, $1⁄12$–$1⁄10$ in. long, solitary or in clusters of 2–5 in the axils of most of the leaves; pedicels short. Nut smaller than in P. aviculare, rhomboid, obtusely 3-gonous, smooth and shining.—''Benth. Fl. Austral.'' v. 267. P. Dryandri, ''Spreng. Syst.'' ii. 255; ''Hook. f. Fl. Nov. Zel.'' i. 210. P. aviculare var. Dryandri, ''Hook. f. Handb. N.Z. Fl.'' 236.

3. P. serrulatum, ''Lag. Gen. et Sp. Nov.'' 14.—Stems slender, herbaceous, sparingly branched, prostrate and rooting below, ascending or erect above, glabrous, 9–24 in. long or more. Leaves shortly petiolate, 2–5 in. long, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate,


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590 acuminate, narrowed to a rounded or subcordate base, membranous, glabrous or strigose on the midrib beneath, margins serrulate; stipules long, closely sheathing, ciliate and pilose with long erect hairs. Spikes terminal, very slender, simple or sparingly branched, 1–2 in. long; bracts narrow-turbinate, truncate, margins ciliate. Flowers 2–3 to each bract, small, reddish, $1⁄12$ in. long. Perianth-segments oblong, obtuse, glabrous and eglaudular. Stamens 5 or 6. Style-branches 2, rarely 3. Nut plano-convex with obtuse margins, rarely trigonous, smooth and shining.—P. minus var. decipiens, ''Hook. f. Handb. N.Z. Fl.'' 235. P. prostratum, ''A. Rich. Fl. Nov. Zel. 177 (not of B. Br.); A. Cunn. Precur. n. 358; Raoul, Choix, 42; Hook. f. Fl. Nov. Zel.'' i. 209.

Perennial or annual herbs, very rarely shrubby. Leaves all radical or radical and cauline, often cordate or hastate at the base, entire or toothed or almost pinnatifid. Flowers hermaphrodite or less commonly unisexual, small, green, in axillary clusters or whorls, often forming simple or panicled racemes. Perianth-segments 6, the 3 inner enlarging and closing over the fruit, margins entire or toothed, midrib often tubercled. Stamens 6. Ovary 3-gonous; styles short, filiform; stigmas fimbriate. Nut 3-gonous, included in the enlarged inner perianth-segments, angles acute. Embryo lateral.

1. R. flexuosus, ''Sol. ex Forst. Prodr.'' n. 515.—A glabrous perennial herb with a diffusely branched stem 6–18 in. high; branches slender, grooved, flexuous, divaricate. Leaves chiefly


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Before the sputter of the match had died out, Viner had recognized the man who lay dead at his feet. He was a man about whom he had recently felt some curiosity, a man who, a few weeks before, had come to live in a house close to his own, in company with an elderly lady and a pretty girl; Viner and Miss Penkridge had often seen all three in and about Markendale Square, and had wondered who they were. The man looked as if he had seen things in life—a big, burly, bearded man of apparently sixty years of age, hard, bronzed; something about him suggested sun and wind as they are met with in the far-off places. Usually he was seen in loose, comfortable, semi-nautical suits of blue serge; there was a roll in his walk that suggested the sea. But here, as he lay before Viner, he was in evening dress, with a light overcoat thrown over it; the overcoat was unbuttoned and the shirt-front exposed. And on it that sickening crimson stain widened and widened as Viner watched.

Here, without doubt, was murder, and Viner's thoughts immediately turned to two things—one the hurrying young man whose face he thought he had remembered in some vague fashion; the other the


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 fact that a policeman was slowly pacing up the terrace close by. He turned and ran swiftly up the still deserted passage. And there was the policeman, twenty yards away, coming along with the leisureliness of one who knows that he has a certain area to patrol. He pulled himself to an attitude of watchful attention as Viner ran up to him; then suddenly recognizing Viner as a well-known inhabitant of the Square, touched the rim of his helmet.

"I say!" said Viner in the hushed voice of one who imparts strange and confidential tidings. "There's a man lying dead in the passage round here. And without doubt murdered! There's blood all over his shirt-front."

The policeman stood stock still for the fraction of a second. Then he pulled out his whistle and blew loudly and insistently. Before the shrill call had died away, he was striding towards the passage, with Viner at his side.

"Did you find him, Mr. Viner?" he asked.

"I found him," asserted Viner. "Just now—halfway down the passage!"

"Sure he's dead, sir?"

"Dead—yes! And murdered, too! And—"

He was about to mention the hurrying young man, but they had just then arrived at the mouth of the passage, and the policeman once more drew out his whistle and blew more insistently than before.

"There's my sergeant and inspector not far off," he remarked. "Some of 'em'll be on the spot in a minute or two. Now then, sir."

He marched down the passage to the dead man,


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 glanced at the lamp, and turning on his own lantern, directed its light on the body.

"God bless me!" he muttered. "Mr. Ashton!"

"You know him?" said Viner.

"Gent that came to live at number seven in your square a while back, Mr. Viner," answered the policeman. "Australian or New Zealander, I fancy. He's gone right enough, sir! And—knifed! You didn't see anybody about, sir?"

"Yes," replied Viner, "that's just it. As I turned into the passage, I met a young fellow running out of it in a great hurry—he ran into me, and then, shot off across the road, Westbourne Grove way. Then I came along and found—this!"

The policeman bent lower and suddenly put a knowing finger on certain of the dead man's pockets.

"Robbed!" he said. "No watch there, anyway, and nothing where you'd expect to find his purse. Robbery and murder—murder for the sake of robbery—that's what it is, Mr. Viner! Westbourne Grove way, you say this fellow went? And five minutes' start!"

"Is it any good getting a doctor?" asked Viner.

"A thousand doctors'll do him no good," replied the policeman grimly. "But—there's Dr. Cortelyon somewhere about here—number seven in the terrace. One of these back doors is his. We might call him."

He turned the light of his lantern on the line of doors in the right-hand wall, and finding the number he wanted, pulled the bell. As its tinkle sounded somewhere up the yard behind, he thrust his whistle into Viner's hand.


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 "Mr. Viner," he said, "go up to the end of the passage and blow on that as loud as you can, three times. I'll stand by here till you come back. If you don't hear or see any of our people coming from either direction, blow again."

Viner heard steps coming down the yard behind the door as he walked away. And he heard more steps, hurrying steps, as he reached the end of the passage. He turned it to find an inspector and a sergeant approaching from one part of the terrace, a constable from another.

"You're wanted down here," said Viner as they all converged on him. "There's been murder! One of your men's there—he gave me this whistle to summon further help. This way!"

The police followed him in silence down the passage. Another figure had come on the scene. Bending over the body and closely scrutinizing it in the light of the policeman's lantern was a man whom Viner knew well enough by sight—a tall, handsome man, whose olive-tinted complexion, large lustrous eyes and Vandyke beard gave him the appearance of a foreigner. Yet though he had often seen him, Viner did not know his name; the police-inspector, however, evidently knew it well enough.

"What is it, Dr. Cortelyon?" he asked as he pushed himself to the front. "Is the man dead?"

Dr. Cortelyon drew himself up from his stooping position to his full height—a striking figure in his dress jacket and immaculate linen. He glanced round at the expectant faces.

"The man's been murdered!" he said in calm, professional accents. "He's been stabbed clean


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 through the heart. Dead? Yes, for several minutes."

"Who found him here?" demanded the inspector.

"I found him," answered Viner. He gave a hurried account of the whole circumstances as he knew them, the police watching him keenly. "I should know the man again if I saw him," he concluded. "I saw his face clearly enough as he passed me."

The inspector bent down and hastily felt the dead man's pockets.

"Nothing at all here," he said as he straightened himself. "No watch or chain or purse or anything. Looks like robbery as well as murder. Does anybody know him?"

"I know who this gentlemen is, sir," answered the policeman to whom Viner had first gone. "He's a Mr. Ashton, who came to live not so long since at number seven in Markendale Square, close by Mr. Viner there. I've heard that he came from the Colonies."

"Do you know him," asked the inspector, turning to Viner.

"Only by sight," answered Viner. "I've seen him often, but I didn't know his name. I believe he has a wife and daughter—"

"No sir," interrupted the policeman. "He was a single gentleman. The young lady at number seven is his ward, and the older lady looked after her—sort of a companion."

The Inspector looked round. Other policemen, attracted by the whistle, were coming into the passage at each end, and he turned to his sergeant.


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 "Put a man at the top and another at the bottom of this passage," he said. "Keep everybody out. Send for the divisional surgeon. Dr. Cortelyon, will you see him when he comes along? I want him to see the body before its removal. Now, then, about these ladies—they'll have to be told." He turned to Viner. "I understand you live close by them?" he asked. "Perhaps you'll go there with me?"

Viner nodded; and the inspector, after giving a few more words of instruction to the sergeant, motioned him to follow; together they went down the passage into Markendale Square.

"Been resident here long, Mr. Viner?" asked the Inspector as they emerged. "I noticed that some of my men knew you. I've only recently come into this part myself."

"Fifteen years," answered Viner.

"Do you know anything of this dead man?"

"Nothing—not so much as your constable knows."

"Policemen pick things up. These ladies, now? It's a most unpleasant thing to have to go and break news like this. You know nothing about them, sir?"

"Not even as much as your man knew. I've seen them often—with him, the dead man. There's an elderly lady and a younger one, a mere girl. I took them for his wife and daughter. But you heard what your man said."

"Well, whatever they are, they've got to be told. I'd be obliged if you'd come with me. And then—that fellow you saw running away! You'll have to give us as near a description of him as you can. What number did my man say it was—seven?"

Viner suddenly laid a hand on his companion's


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 sleeve. A smart car, of the sort let out on hire from the more pretentious automobile establishments, had just come round the corner and was being pulled up at the door of a house in whose porticoed front hung a brilliant lamp.

"That's number seven," said Viner. "And—those are the two ladies."

The Inspector stopped and watched. The door of the house opened, letting a further flood of light on the broad step beneath the portico and on the pavement beyond; the door of the car opened too, and a girl stepped out, and for a second or two stood in the full glare of the lamps. She was a slender, lissome young creature, gowned in white, and muffled to the throat in an opera cloak out of which a fresh, girlish face, bright in colour, sparkling of eye, crowned by a mass of hair of the tint of dead gold, showed clearly ere she rapidly crossed to the open door. After her came an elderly, well-preserved woman in an elaborate evening toilette, the personification of the precise and conventional chaperon. The door closed; the car drove away; the Inspector turned to Viner with a shake of his head.

"Just home from the theatre!" he said. "And—to hear this! Well, it's got to be done, Mr. Viner, anyhow."

Viner, who had often observed the girl whom they had just seen with an interest for which he had never troubled to account, found himself wishing that Miss Penkridge was there in his place. He did not know what part he was to play, what he was to do or say; worse than that, he did not know if the girl in whose presence he would certainly find him-


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 self within a minute or two was very fond of the man whom he had just found done to death. In that case—but here his musings were cut short by the fact that the Inspector had touched the bell in the portico of number seven, and that the door had opened, to reveal a smart and wondering parlour-maid, who glanced with surprise at the inspector's uniform.

"Hush! This is Mr. Ashton's?" said the Inspector. "Yes—well, now, what is the name of the lady—the elderly lady—I saw come in just now? Keep quiet, there's a good girl,—the fact is, Mr. Ashton's had an accident, and I want to see that lady."

"Mrs. Killenhall," answered the parlour-maid.

"And the young lady—her name?" asked the Inspector.

"Miss Wickham."

The Inspector walked inside the house.

"Just ask Mrs. Killenhall and Miss Wickham if they'll be good enough to see Inspector Drillford for a few minutes," he said. Then, as the girl closed the door and turned away up the inner hall, he whispered to Viner. "Better see both and be done with it. It's no use keeping bad news too long; they may as well know—both."

The parlour-maid reappeared at the door of a room along the hall; and the two men, advancing in answer to her summons, entered what was evidently the dining-room of the house. The two ladies had thrown off their wraps; the younger one sat near a big, cheery fire, holding her slender fingers to the blaze; the elder stood facing the door in evident expectancy. The room itself was luxuriously fur-


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Rumex.] radical, variable in size, 3–12 in. long, linear or linear-oblong, acute or obtuse, cuneate or truncate or cordate at the base, rarely expanded or subhastate; margins flat or waved. Panicle at first open, but in an advanced fruiting stage the branches are often numerous, spreading and intricate; whorls remote, 4–12-flowered, the lower ones leafy; peduncles jointed near the base, curved, deflexed. Inner segments of the fruiting-perianth about $1⁄10$ in. long, rhomboid, narrowed into a long acuminate tip, reticulated, without tubercles; margins entire or more usually furnished with 1–4 hooked spines on each side.—''Hook. f. Fl. Nov. Zel. i. 211; Handb. N.Z. Fl.'' 237. A. Cunninghamii, ''Meissn. in D.C. Prodr.'' xiv. 62. R. Brownianus, ''A. Cunn. Precur. n. 360 (not of Gamp.); Raoul, Choix,'' 42.

2. R. neglectus, T. Kirk in Trans. N.Z. Inst. ix. (1877) 493.—A glabrous perennial herb 2–6 in. high; rootstock long, stout, often branched above. Leaves rosulate, 1–3 in. long, linear-oblong, obtuse, truncate or cuneate at the base, margins crenate-undulate; petiole almost as long as the blade. Flowering-stem short, stout, depressed, simple or with 1–2 branches from the base; dense-flowered or rarely elongated with the whorls interrupted; peduncles usually deflexed. Flowers hermaphrodite. Fruiting-perianth subcampanulate, about ⅛ in. long, thickened at the base; outer segments oblong, obtuse, equalling the tube; inner rather longer, lanceolate, acute, with a tubercle on the midrib and 1 or 2 short teeth on each side.—''Oliver in Hook. Ic. Plant.'' t. 1245. R. cuneifolius var. alismæfolius. ''Hook. f. Fl. Antarct.'' i. 67.

Large or small shrubs or undershrubs, often climbing, sometimes prostrate or diffusely spreading. Leaves alternate, petiolate, large or small, sometimes wanting; stipules short, loosely sheathing. Flowers polygamous or diœecious, small, whitish, fascicled within small sheathing bracts; fascicles axillary or arranged in axillary or terminal spikes, racemes, or panicles. Perianth deeply 5-partite; segments equal or the outer ones rather larger, often becoming white and succulent in fruit. Stamens 8, rarely fewer, affixed to the base of the perianth; filaments filiform; anthers


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 nished in a somewhat old-fashioned, heavy style; everything about it betokened wealth and comfort. And that its owner was expected home every minute was made evident to the two men by the fact that a spirit-case was set on the centre table, with glasses and mineral waters and cigars; Viner remembered, as his eyes encountered these things, that a half-burned cigar lay close to the dead man's hand in that dark passage so close by.

"Mrs. Killenhall? Miss Wickham?" began Drillford, looking sharply from one to the other. "Sorry to break in on you like this, ladies, but the fact is, there has been an accident to Mr. Ashton, and I'm obliged to come and tell you about it."

Viner, who had remained a little in the background, was watching the faces of the two to whom this initial breaking of news was made. And he saw at once that there was going to be no scene. The girl by the fire looked for an instant at the inspector with an expression of surprise, but it was not the surprise of great personal concern. As for the elder woman, after one quick glance from Drillford to Viner, whom she evidently recognized, she showed absolute self-possession.

"A bad accident?" she asked.

Drillford again looked from the elder to the younger lady.

"You'll excuse me if I ask what relation you ladies are to Mr. Ashton?" he said with a significant glance at Mrs. Killenhall.

"None!" replied Mrs. Killenhall. "Miss Wickham is Mr. Ashton's ward. I am Miss Wickham's chaperon—and companion."


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 "Well, ma'am," said Drillford, "then I may tell you that my news is—just about as serious as it possibly could be, you understand."

In the silence that followed, the girl turned toward the visitors, and Viner saw her colour change a little. And it was she who first spoke.

"Don't be afraid to tell us," she said. "Is Mr. Ashton dead?"

Drillford inclined his head, and spoke as he was bidden.

"I'm sorry to say he is," he replied. "And still more to be obliged to tell you that he came to his death by violence. The truth is—"

He paused, looking from one to the other, as if to gauge the effect of his words. And again it was the girl who spoke.

"What is the truth?" she asked.

"Murder!" said Drillford. "Just that!"

Mrs. Killenhall, who had remained standing until then, suddenly sat down, with a murmur of horror. But the girl was watching the inspector steadily.

"When was this? and how, and where?" she inquired.

"A little time ago, near here," answered Drillford. "This gentleman, Mr. Viner, a neighbour of yours, found him—dead. There's no doubt, from what we can see, that he was murdered for the sake of robbery. And I want some information about him, about his habits and—"

Miss Wickham got up from her chair and looked meaningly at Mrs. Killenhall.

"The fact is," she said, turning to Drillford; "strange as it may seem, neither Mrs. Killenhall nor myself know very much about Mr. Ashton."


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The Constitution (Seventh Amendment) Act, 1956

THE CONSTITUTION (SEVENTH AMENDMENT) ACT, 1956 [19th October, 1956.] An Act further to amend the Constitution of India.

BE it enacted by Parliament in the Seventh Year of the Republic of India as follows:

-Short title and commencement.-

(1) This Act may be called the Constitution (Seventh Amendment) Act, 1956.

(2) It shall come into force on the 1st day of November, 1956

.2. Amendment of article 1 and First Schedule.-(1) In article 1 of the Constitution,-(a) for clause (2), the following clause shall be substituted, namely:-"(2) The States and the territories thereof shall be as specified in the First Schedule."; and(b) in clause (3), for sub-clause (b), the following sub-clause shall be substituted, namely:-"(b) the Union territories specified in the First Schedule; and".

(2) For the First Schedule to the Constitution as amended by the States Reorganisation Act, 1956, and the Bihar and West Bengal (Transfer of Territories) Act, 1956, the following Schedule shall be substituted, namely:

-I. THE STATES-- Name Territories --

1. Andhra Pradesh..... The territories specified in sub-section (1) of section 3 of the Andhra State Act, 1953 and the territories specified in sub-section (1) of section 3 of the States Reorganisation Act, 1956/

2. Assam..............The territories which immediately before the commencement of this Constitution were comprised in the Province of Assam, the Khasi States and the Assam Tribal Areas, but excluding the territories specified in the Schedule to the Assam (Alteration of Boundaries) Act, 1951.

3. Bihar.............. The territories which immediately before the commencement of this Constitution were either comprised in the Province of Bihar or were being administered as if they formed part of that Province, but excluding the territories specified in sub-section (1) of section 3 of the Bihar and West Bengal (Transfer of Territories) Act, 1956.

4. Bombay............ The territories specified in sub-section (1) of section 8 of the States Reorganisation Act, 1956.

5. Kerala ...........The territories specified in sub-section (1) of section 5 of the States Reorganisation Act, 1956.

6. Madhya Pradesh....The territories specified in sub-section (1) of section 9 of the States Reorganisation Act, 1956.

7. Madras............ The territories which immediately before the commencement of this Constitution were either comprised in the Province of Madras or were being administered as if they formed part of that Province and the territories specified in section 4 of the States Reorganisation Act, 1956, but excluding the territories specified in sub-section (1) of section 3 and sub-section (1) of section 4 of the Andhra State Act, 1953 and the territories specified in clause (b) of sub-section (1) of section 5, section 6 and clause (d) of sub-section (1) of section 7 of the States Reorganisation Act, 1956.

8. Mysore............ The territories specified in sub-section (1) of section 7 of the States Reorganisation Act, 1956.

9. Orissa............ The territories which immediately before the commencement of this Constitution were either comprised in the Province of Orissa or were being administered as if they formed part of that Province.

10. Punjab........... The territories specified in section 11 of the States Reorganisation Act, 1956.

11. Rajasthan........ The territories specified in section 10 of the States Reorganisation Act, 1956.

12. Uttar Pradesh.. The territories which immediately before the commencement of this Constitution were either comprised in the Province known as the United Provinces or were being administered as if they formed part of that Province.

13. West Bengal..... The territories which immediately before the commencement of this Constitution were either comprised in the Province of West Bengal or were being administered as if they formed part of that Province and the territory of Chandernagore as defined in clause (c) of section 2 of the Chandernagore (Merger) Act, 1954, and also the territories specified in sub-section (1) of section 3 of the Bihar and West Bengal (Transfer of Territories) Act, 1956.

14. Jammu and........ The territory which immediately before the Kashmir commencement of this Constitution was comprised in the Indian State of Jammu and Kashmir

.II. THE UNION TERRITORIES-- Name Extent --

1. Delhi............. The territory which immediately before the commencement of this Constitution was comprised in the Chief Commissioner's Province of Delhi.

2. Himachal...........The territories which immediately before the Pradesh commencement of this Constitution were being administered as if they were Chief Com- missioner's Provinces under the names of Himachal Pradesh and Bilaspur.

3. Manipur............ The territory which immediately before the commencement of this Constitution was being administered as if it were a Chief Com- missioner's Province under the name of Manipur.

4. Tripura............The territory which immediately before the commencement of this Constitution was being administered as if it were a Chief Commissioner's Province under the name of Tripura.

5. The Andaman and....The territory which immediately before the Nicobar Islands commencement of this Constitution was compri- sed in the Chief Commissioner's Province of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.

6. The Laccadive,.....The territory specified in section 6 of the Minicoy and States Reorganisation Act, 1956.". Amindivi Islands.

3. Amendment of article 80 and Fourth Schedule.-(1) In article 80 of the Constitution,-(a) in sub-clause (b) of clause (1), after the word "States", the words "and of the Union territories" shall be added;

(b) in clause (2), after the words "of the States", the words "and of the Union territories" shall be inserted;

(c) in clause (4), the words and letters "specified in Part A or Part B of the First Schedule" shall be omitted; and

(d) in clause (5), for the words and letter "States specified in Part of the First Schedule", the words "Union territories" shall be substituted.

(2) For the Fourth Schedule to the Constitution as amended by the States Reorganisation Act, 1956, and the Bihar and West Bengal (Transfer of Territories) Act, 1956, the following Schedule shall be substituted, namely:-"FOURTH SCHEDULE

[Articles 4(1) and 80(2)] ALLOCATION OF SEATS IN THE COUNCIL OF STATESTo each State or Union territory specified in the first column of the following table, there shall be allotted the number of seats specified in the second column thereof opposite to that State or that Union territory, as the case may be.

TABLE Andhra Pradesh ..................................................18 Assam.............................................................7 Bihar............................................................22 Bombay...........................................................27 Kerala............................................................9 Madhya Pradesh...................................................16 Madras...........................................................17 Mysore...........................................................12 Orissa...........................................................10 Punjab..........................................................11 Rajasthan.......................................................10 Uttar Pradesh...................................................34 West Bengal.....................................................16 Jammu and Kashmir................................................4 Delhi............................................................3 Himachal Pradesh.................................................2 Manipur..........................................................1 Tripura..........................................................1 --- Total .. 220". ---4.

Substitution of new articles for articles 81 and 82.-For articles 81 and 82 of the Constitution, the following articles shall be substituted, namely:-"81. Composition of the House of the People.-(1) Subject to the provisions of article 331, the House of the People shall consist of-(a) not more than five hundred members chosen by direct election from territorial constituencies in the States, and(b) not more than twenty members to represent the Union territories, chosen in such manner as Parliament may by law provide.(2) For the purposes of sub-clause (a) of clause (1),-(a) there shall be allotted to each State a number of seats in the House of the People in such manner that the ratio between that number and the population of the State is, so far as practicable, the same for all States; and(b) each State shall be divided into territorial constituencies in such manner that the ratio between the population of each constituency and the number of seats allotted to it is, so far as practicable, the same throughout the State.(3) In this article, the expression "population" means the population as ascertained at the last preceding census of which the relevant figures have been published.82. Readjustment after each census.-Upon the completion of each census, the allocation of seats in the House of the People to the States and the division of each State into territorial constituencies shall be readjusted by such authority and in such manner as Parliament may by law determine:Provided that such readjustment shall not affect representation in the House of the People until the dissolution of the then existing House.".5. Amendment of article 131.-In article 131 of the Constitution, for the proviso, the following proviso shall be substituted, namely:-"Provided that the said jurisdiction shall not extend to a dispute arising out of any treaty, agreement, covenant, engagement, sanad or other similar instrument which, having been entered into or executed before the commencement of this Constitution, continues in operation after such commencement, or which provides that the said jurisdiction shall not extend to such a dispute.".6. Amendment of article 153.-To article 153 of the Constitution, the following proviso shall be added, namely:-"Provided that nothing in this article shall prevent the appointment of the same person as Governor for two or more States.".7. Amendment of article 158.-In article 158 of the Constitution, after clause (3), the following clause shall be inserted, namely:-"(3A) Where the same person is appointed as Governor of two or more States, the emoluments and allowances payable to the Governor shall be allocated among the States in such proportion as the President may by order determine.".8. Amendment of article 168.-(1) in clause (1) of article 168 of the Constitution, in sub-clause (a), after the word "Madras", the word "Mysore" shall be inserted.(2) In the said sub-clause, as from such date as the President may, by public notification, appoint, after the word "Bombay", the words "Madhya Pradesh" shall be inserted.9. Substitution of new article for article 170.-For article 170 of the Constitution, the following article shall be subsituted, namely:-"170. Composition of the Legislative Assemblies.-(1) Subject to the provisions of article 333, the Legislative Assembly of each State shall consist of not more than five hundred, and not less than sixty, members chosen by direct election from territorial constituencies in the State.(2) For the purposes of clause (1), each State shall be divided into territorial constituencies in such manner that the ratio between the population of each constituency and the number of seats allotted to it shall, so far as practicable, be the same throughout the State.Explanation.-In this clause, the expression "population" means the population as ascertained at the last preceding census of which the relevant figures have been published.(3) Upon the completion of each census, the total number of seats in the Legislative Assembly of each State and the division of each State into territorial constituencies shall be readjusted by such authority and in such manner as Parliament may by law determine:Provided that such readjustment shall not affect representation in the Legislative Assembly until the dissolution of the then existing Assembly.".10. Amendment of article 171.-In clause (1) of article 171 of the Constitution, for the word "one-fourth", the word "one-third" shall be substituted.11. Amendment of article 216.-In article 216 of the Constitution, the proviso shall be omitted.12. Amendment of article 217.-In article 217 of the Constitution, in clause (1), for the words "shall hold office until he attains the age of sixty years", the following words and figures shall be substituted, namely:-"shall hold office, in the case of an additional or acting Judge, as provided in article 224, and in any other case, until he attains the age of sixty years".13. Substitution of new article for article 220.-For article 220 of the Constitution, the following article shall be substituted, namely:-"220. Restriction on practice after being a permanent Judge.-No person who, after the commencement of this Constitution, has held office as a permanent Judge of a High Court shall plead or act in any court or before any authority in India except the Supreme Court and the other High Courts.Explanation.-In this article, the expression "High Court" does not include a High Court for a State specified in Part B of the First Schedule as it existed before the commencement of the Constitution (Seventh Amendment) Act, 1956.".14. Amendment of article 222.-In article 222 of the Constitution,---(a) in clause (1), the words "within the territory of India" shall be omitted; and(b) clause (2) shall be omitted.15. Substitution of new article for article 224.-For article 224 of the Constitution, the following article shall be substituted, namely:-"224. Appointment of additional and acting Judges.-(1) If by reason of any temporary increase in the business of a High Court or by reason of arrears of work therein, it appears to the President that the number of the Judges of that Court should be for the time being increased, the President may appoint duly qualified persons to be additional Judges of the Court for such period not exceeding two years as he may specify.(2) When any Judge of a High Court other than the Chief Justice is by reason of absence or for any other reason unable to perform the duties of his office or is appointed to act temporarily as Chief Justice, the President may appoint a duly qualified person to act as a Judge of that Court until the permanent Judge has resumed his duties.(3) No person appointed as an additional or acting Judge of a High Court shall hold office after attaining the age of sixty years.".16. Substitution of new articles for articles 230, 231 and 232.- For articles 230, 231 and 232 of articles the Constitution, the following shall be substituted, namely:-"230. Extension of jurisdiction of High Courts to Union territories.- (1) Parliament may by law extend the jurisdiction of a High Court to, or exclude the jurisdiction of a High Court from, any Union territory.(2) Where the High Court of a State exercises jurisdiction in relation to a Union territory,-(a) nothing in this Constitution shall be construed as empowering the Legislature of the State to increase, restrict or abolish that jurisdiction; and(b) the reference in article 227 to the Governor shall, in relation to any rules, forms or tables for subordinate courts in that territory, be construed as a reference to the President.231. Establishment of a common High Court for two or more States.- (1) Notwithstanding anything contained in the preceding provisions of this Chapter, Parliament may by law establish a common High Court for two or more States or for two or more States and a Union territory.(2) In relation to any such High Court,-(a) the reference in article 217 to the Governor of the State shall, be construed as a reference to the Governors of all the States in relation to which the High Court exercises jurisdiction;(b) the reference in article 227 to the Governor shall, in relation to any rules, forms or tables for subordinate courts, be construed as a reference to the Governor of the State in which the subordinate courts are situate; and(c) the references in articles 219 and 229 to the State shall be construed as a reference to the State in which the High Court has its principal seat:Provided that if such principal seat is in a Union territory, the references in articles 219 and 229 to the Governor, Public Service Commission,. Legislature and Consolidated Fund of the State shall be construed respectively as references to the President, Union Public Service Commission, Parliament and Consolidated Fund of India.".17. Amendment of Part VIII.-In Part VIII of the Constitution,-(a) for the heading "THE STATES IN PART C OF THE FIRST SCHEDULE", the heading "THE UNION TERRITORIES" shall be substituted; and(b) for articles 239 and 240, the following articles shall be substituted namely:-"239. Administration of Union territories.-(1) Save as otherwise provided by Parliament by law, every Union territory shall be administered by the President acting, to such extent as he thinks fit, through an administrator to be appointed by him with such designation as he may specify.(2) Notwithstanding anything contained in Part VI, the President may appoint the Governor of a State as the administrator of an adjoining Union territory, and where a Governor is so appointed, he shall exercise his functions as such administrator independently of his Council of Ministers.240. Power of President to make regulations for certain Union territories.- (1) The President may make regulations for the peace, progress and good government of the Union territory of-(a) the Andaman and Nicobar Islands;(b) the Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Islands.(2) Any regulation so made may repeal or amend any Act made by Parliament or any existing law which is for the time being applicable to the Union territory and, when promulgated by the President, shall have the same force and effect as an Act of Parliament which applies to that territory.".18. Insertion of new article 258A.- After article 258 of the Constitution, the following article shall be inserted, namely:-"258A Power of the States to entrust functions to the Union.-Not- withstanding anything in this Constitution, the Governor of a State may, with the consent of the Government of India, entrust either conditionally or unconditionally to that Government or to its officers functions in relation to any matter to which the executive power of the State extends.".19. Insertion of new article 290A.-After article 290 of the Constitution, the following article shall be inserted, namely:-"290A. Annual payment to certain Devaswom Funds.-A sum of forty-six lakhs and fifty thousand rupees shall be charged on, and paid out of, the Consolidated Fund of the State of Kerala every year to the Travan- core Devaswom Fund; and a sum of thirteen lakhs and fifty thousand rupees shall be charged on, and paid out of, the Consolidated Fund of the State of Madras every year to the Devaswom Fund established in that State for the maintenance of Hindu temples and shrines in the territories transferred to that State on the 1st day of November, 1956, from the State of Travancore-Cochin.".20. Substitution of new article for article 298.- For article 298 of the Constitution, the following article shall be substituted, namely:-"298. Power to carry on trade, etc.-The executive power of the Union and of each State shall extend to the carrying on of any trade or business and to the acquisition, holding and disposal of property and the making of contracts for any purpose:Provided that-(a) the said executive power of the Union shall, in so far as such trade or business or such purpose is not one with respect to which Parliament may make laws, be subject in each State to legislation by the State; and(b) the said executive power of each State shall, in so far as such trade or business or such purpose is not one with respect to which the State Legislature may make laws, be subject to legislation by Parliament.".21. Insertion of new articles 350A and 350B.-After article 350 of the Constitution, the following articles shall be inserted, namely:---"350A. Facilities for instruction in mother-tongue at primary stage.-It shall be the endeavour of every State and of every local authority within the State to provide adequate facilities for instruction in the mother-tongue at the primary stage of education to children belonging to linguistic minority groups; and the President may issue such directions to any State as he considers necessary or proper for securing the provision of such facilities.350B. Special Officer for linguistic minorities.-(1) There shall be a Special Officer for linguistic minorities to be appointed by the President.(2) It shall be the duty of the Special Officer to investigate all matters relating to the safeguards provided for linguistic minorities under this Constitution and report to the President upon those matters at such intervals as the President may direct, and the President shall cause all such reports to be laid before each House of Parliament, and sent to the Governments of the States concerned.".22. Substitution of new article for article 371.-For article 371 of the Constitution, the following article shall be substituted, namely:-"371. Special provision with respect to the States of Andhara Pradesh, Punjab and Bombay.-(1) Notwithstanding anything in this Constitution, the President may, by order made with respect to the State of Andhra Pradesh or Punjab, provide for the constitution and functions of regional committees of the Legislative Assembly of the State, for the modifications to be made in the rules of business of the Government and in the rules of procedure of the Legislative Assembly of the State and for any special responsibility of the Governor in order to secure the proper functioning of the regional committees.(2) Notwithstanding anything in this Constitution, the President may by order made with respect to the State of Bombay, provide for any special responsibility of the Governor for-(a) the establishment of separate development boards for Vidarbha, Marathwada. the rest of Maharashtra, Saurashtra, Kutch and the rest of Gujarat with the provision that a report on the working of each of these boards will be placed each year before the State Legislative Assembly;(b) the equitable allocation of funds for developmental expenditure over the said areas, subject to the requirements of the State as a whole; and(c) an equitable arrangement providing adequate facilities for technical education and vocational training, and adequate opportunities for employment in services under the control of the State Government, in respect of all the said areas, subject to the requirements of the State as a whole.".23. Insertion of new article 372A.-After article 372 of the Constitution, the following article shall be inserted, namely:-"372A. Power of the President to adapt laws.-(1) For the purposes of bringing the provisions of any law in force in India or in any part thereof, immediately before the commencement of the Constitution (Seventh Amendment) Act, 1956, into accord with the provisions of this Constitution as amended by that Act, the President may by order made before the 1st day of November, 1957, make such adaptations and modifications of the law, whether by way of repeal or amendment, as may be necessary or expedient, and provide that the law shall, as from such date as may be specified in the order, have effect subject to the adaptations and modifications so made, and any such adaptation or modification shall not be questioned in any court of law.(2) Nothing in clause (1) shall be deemed to prevent a competent legislature or other competent authority from repealing or amending any law adapted or modified by the President under the said clause.".24. Insertion of new article 378A.-After article 378 of the Constitution, the following article shall be inserted, namely:-"378A. Special provision as to duration of Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly.- Notwithstanding anything contained in article 172, the Legislative Assembly of the State of Andhra Pradesh as constituted under the provisions of sections 28 and 29 of the State Reorganisation Act, 1956, shall, unless sooner dissolved, continue for a period of five years from the date referred to in the said section 29 and no longer and the expiration of the said period shall operate as a dissolution of that Legislative Assembly.".25. Amendment of Second Schedule.-In the Second Schedule to the Constitution,-(a) in the heading of Part D, the words and letter "in States in Part A of the First Schedule" shall be omitted;(b) in sub-paragraph (1) of paragraph 9, for the words "shall be reduced by the amount of that pension", the following shall be substituted, namely:-"shall be reduced-(a) by the amount of that pension, and(b) if he has, before such appointment, received in lieu of a portion of the pension due to him in respect of such previous service the commuted value thereof, by the amount of that portion of the pension, and(c) if he has, before such appointment, received a retirement gratuity in respect of such previous service, by the pension equivalent of that gratuity"; and(c) in paragraph 10-(i) for sub-paragraph (1), the following sub-paragraph shall be substituted, namely:-"(1) There shall be paid to the Judges of High Courts, in respect of time spent on actual service, salary at the following rates per mensem, that is to say,-The Chief Justice .. 4,000 rupeesAny other Judge .. 3,500 rupees:Provided that if a Judge of a High Court at the time of his appointment is in receipt of a pension (other than a disability or wound pension) in respect of any previous service under the Government of India or any of its predecessor Governments or under the Government of a State or any of its predecessor Governments, his salary in respect of service in the High Court shall be reduced-(a) by the amount of that pension, and(b) if he has, before such appointment, received in lieu of a portion of the pension due to him in respect of such previous service the commuted value thereof, by the amount of that portion of the pension, and(c) if he has, before such appointment, received a retirement gratuity in respect of such previous service, by the pension equivalent of that gratuity."; and(ii) for sub-paragraphs (3) and (4), the following sub-paragraph shall be substituted, namely:-"(3) Any person who, immediately before the commencement of the Constitution (Seventh Amendment) Act, 1956 was holding office as the Chief Justice of the High Court of a State specified in Part B of the First Schedule and has on such commencement become the Chief Justice of the High Court of a State specified in the said Schedule as amended by the said Act, shall, if he was immediately before such commencement drawing any amount as allowance in addition to his salary, be entitled to receive in respect of time spent on actual service as such Chief Justice, the same amount as allowance in addition to the salary specified in sub-paragraph (1) of this paragraph.".26. Modification of entries in the Lists relating to acquisition and requisitioning of property.-In the Seventh Schedule to the Constitution, entry 33 of the Union List and entry 36 of the State List shall be omitted and for entry 42 of the Concurrent List, the following entry shall be substituted, namely:-"42. Acquisition and requisitioning of property.".27. Amendment of certain provisions relating to ancient and historical monuments, etc.-In each of the following provisions of the Constitution, namely:-(i) entry 67 of the Union List,(ii) entry 12 of the State List,(iii) entry 40 of the Concurrent List, and(iv) article 49,for the words "declared by Parliament by law", the words "declared by or under law made by Parliament" shall be substituted.28. Amendment of entry 24 of State List.-In the Seventh Schedule to the Constitution, in entry 24 of the State List, for the word and figures "entry 52", the words and figures "entries 7 and 52" shall be substituted.29. Consequential and minor amendments and repeals and savings.- (1) The consequential and minor amendments and repeals directed in the Schedule shall be made in the Constitution and in the Constitution (Removal of Difficulties) Order, No. VIII, made under article 392 of the Constitution.(2) Notwithstanding the repeal of article 243 of the Constitution by the said Schedule, all regulations made by the President under that article and in force immediately before the commencement of this Act shall continue in force until altered or repealed or amended by a competent Legislature or other competent authority.THE SCHEDULE (See section 29)CONSEQUENTIAL AND MINOR AMENDMENTS AND REPEALS IN THE CONSTITUTIONArticle 3.-In the proviso, omit "specified in Part A or Part B of the First Schedule.".Article 16.-In clause (3), for "under any State specified in the First Schedule or any local or other authority within its territory any requirement as to residence within that State" substitute-"under the Government of, or any local or other authority within, a State or Union territory, any requirement as to residence within that State or Union territory".Article 31A.-In sub-clause (a) of clause (2), for "Travancore-Cochin" substitute "Kerala".Article 58.-In the Explanation, omit "or Rajpramukh or Uparajpramukh".Article 66.-In the Explanation, omit "or Rajpramukh or Uprajpramukh".Article 72.-In clause (3), omit "or Rajpramukh".Article 73.-In the proviso to clause (1) omit "specified in Part A or Part B of the First Schedule".Article 101.-In clause (2), omit "specified in Part A or Part B of the First Schedule", and for "such a State" substitute "a State".Article 112.-In sub-clause (d) (iii) of clause (3), for "a Province corresponding to a State specified in Part A of the First Schedule", substitute "a Governor's Province of the Dominion of India".Article 143.-In clause (2), omit "clause (i) of" and for "said clause" substitute "said proviso".Article 151.-In clause (2), omit "or Rajpramukh".Part VI.-In the heading, omit "IN PART A OF THE FIRST SCHEDULE".Article 152.-For "means a State specified in Part A of the First Schedule" substitute "does not include the State of Jammu and Kashmir".Article 214.-Omit "(1)" and clauses (2) and (3).Article 217.-In sub-clause (b) of clause (2), omit "in any State specified in the First Schedule".Article 219.-Omit "in a State."Article 229.-In the proviso to clause (1) and in the proviso to clause (2), omit "in which the High Court has its principal seat".Omit Part VII.Article 241.-(a) In clause (1), for "State specified in Part C of the First Schedule" substitute "Union territory", and for "such State" substitute "such territory".(b) For clauses (3) and (4), substitute-"(3) Subject to the provisions of this Constitution and to the provisions of any law of the appropriate Legislature made by virtue of powers conferred on that Legislature by or under this Constitution, every High Court exercising jurisdiction immediately before the commencement of THE CONSTITUTION (Seventh Amendment) Act, 1956, in relation to any Union territory shall continue to exercise such jurisdiction in relation to that territory after such commencement.(4) Nothing in this article derogates from the power of Parliament to extend or exclude the jurisdiction of a High Court for a State to, or from, any Union territory or part thereof.".Omit article 242.Omit Part IX.Article 244.-Omit "specified in Part A or Part B of the First Schedule".Article 246.-In clauses (2) and (3), omit "specified in Part A or Part B of the First Schedule" and in clause (4), for "in Part A or Part B of the First Schedule" substitute "in a State".Article 254.---In clause (2), omit "specified in Part A or Part B of the First Schedule".Article 255.---Omit "specified in Part A or Part B of the First Schedule".Omit article 259.Article 264.-For article 264, substitute-`264. Interpretation.-In this Part, "Finance Commission" means a Finance Commission constituted under article 280.'.Article 267.-In clause (2), omit "or Rajpramukh".Article 268.-In clause (1), for "State specified in Part C of the First Schedule", substitute "Union territory".Article 269.-In clause (2), for "States specified in Part C of the First Schedule" substitute "Union territories".Article 270.--In clauses (2) and (3), for "States specified in Part C of the First Schedule" substitute "Union territories".Omit article 278.Article 280.-In clause (3), omit sub-clause (c) and re-letter sub-clause (d) as sub-clause (c).Article 283.-in clause (2), omit "or Rajpramukh".Article 291.-Omit "(1)" and clause (2).Article 299.-In clause (1), omit "or the Rajpramukh", and in clause (2), omit "nor the Rajpramukh".Article 304.-In clause (a) after "other States", insert "or the Union territories".Omit article 306.Article 308.-For "means a State specified in Part A or Part B of the First Schedule", substitute "does not include the State of Jammu and Kashmir".Article 309.-Omit "or Rajpramukh".Article 310.-In clause (1), omit "or, as the case may be, the Rajpramukh", and in clause (2), omit "or Rajpramukh" and "or the Rajpramukh".Article 311.-In clause (2), omit "or Rajpramukh".Article 315.-In clause (4), omit "or Rajpramukh".Article 316.-In clauses (1) and (2), omit "or Rajpramukh".Article 317.-In clause (2), omit "or Rajpramukh".Article 318.-Omit "or Rajpramukh".Article 320.-In clause (3), omit "or Rajpramukh" and "or Rajpramukh, as the case may be", and in clause (5), omit "or Rajpramukh".Article 323.-In clause (2), omit "or Rajpramukh" and "or Rajpramukh, as the case may be".Article 324.-In clause (6), omit "or Rajpramukh".Article 330.-In clause (2), after "State" wherever it occurs, insert "or Union territory".Article 332.-In clause (1), omit "specified in Part A or Part B of the First Schedule".Article 333.-Omit "or Rajpramukh".Article 337.-Omit "specified in Part A or Part B of the First Schedule".Article 339.---In clause (1), omit "specified in Part A and Part B of the First Schedule" and in clause (2), for "any such State" substitute "a State".Article 341.---In clause (1), after "any State" insert "or Union territory", omit "specified in Part A or Part B of the First Schedule", omit "or Rajpramukh" and after "that State" insert "or Union territory, as the case may be".Article 342.---In clause (1), after "any State" insert "or Union territory", omit "specified in Part A or Part B of the First Schedule", omit "or Rajpramukh" and after "that State" insert "or Union territory, as the case may be.Article 348.---Omit "or Rajpramukh".Article 356.---In clause (1), omit "or Rajpramukh" and "or Rajpramukh, as the case may be".Article 361.---In clauses (2), (3) and (4), omit "or Rajpramukh" and in clause (4), omit "or the Rajpramukh".Article 362.---Omit "clause (1) of".Article 366.---Omit clause (21), and for clause (30), substitute---"(30) `Union territory' means any Union territory specified in the First Schedule and includes any other territory comprised within the territory of India but not specified in that Schedule.".Article 367.---In clause (2), omit "specified in Part A or Part B of the First Schedule" and "or Rajpramukh".Article 368.---Omit "specified in Parts A and B of the First Schedule".Omit articles 379 to 391, both inclusive.Second Schedule.---(a) In the heading of Part A and in paragraph 1, omit "specified in Part A of the First Schedule";(b) in paragraph 2, omit "so specified";(c) in paragraph 3, for "such States" substitute "the States";(d) omit Part B;(e) in the heading of Part C, omit "of a State in Part A of the First Schedule" and for "any such State" substitute "a State";(f) in paragraph 8, omit "of a State specified in Part A of the First Schedule", and for "such State" substitute "a State".Fifth Schedule.---(1) In paragraph 1, omit "means a State specified in Part A or Part B of the First Schedule but";(b) in paragraph 3, omit "or Rajpramukh";(c) in paragraph 4, in sub-paragraph (2), omit "or Rajpramukh, as the case may be" and in sub-paragraph (3), omit "or Rajpramukh";(d) in paragraph 5, in sub-paragraphs (1) and (2) omit "or Rajpramukh, as the case may be", in sub-paragraph (3), omit "or Rajpramukh" and in sub-paragraph (5), omit "or the Rajpramukh".Sixth Schedule.---In paragraph 18, in sub-paragraph (2), for "Part IX" substitute "article 240", and for "territory specified in Part D of the First Schedule" substitute "Union territory specified in that article".Seventh Schedule.---In List I,---(a) in entry 32, omit "specified in Part A or Part B of the First Schedule"; and(b) for entry 79, substitute,---"79. extension of the jurisdiction of a High Court to, and exclusion of the jurisdiction of a High Court from, any Union territory.".CONSEQUENTIAL AMENDMENTS IN THE CONSTITUTION (REMOVAL OF DIFFICULTIES) ORDER No. VIII.In the Constitution (Removal of Difficulties) Order NO. VIII, for sub-paragraphs (1), (2) and (3) of paragraph 2, substitute-`(1) In article 81,-(a) in sub-clause (b) of clause (1), after the words "Union territories", the words, letter and figures" and the tribal areas specified in Part B of the Table appended to paragraph 20 of the Sixth Schedule" shall be inserted; and(b) to clause (2), the following proviso shall be added, namely:-"Provided that the constituencies into which the State of Assam is divided shall not comprise the tribal areas specified in Part B of the Table appended to paragraph 20 of the Sixth Schedule.".(2) In clause (2) of article 170, after the words "throughout the State", the following proviso shall be inserted, namely:-"Provided that the constituencies into which the State of Assam is divided shall not comprise the tribal areas specified in Part B of the Table appended to paragraph 20 of the Sixth Schedule.".'


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 what the impression of a rounded body, and on bimanual palpation it is not very movable.

The edge of the spleen is not palpable; neither kidney can be felt ; the edge of the liver is not palpable ; nor does there appear to be any definite enlargement of the organ. On inflating the stom- ach the prominence in the epigastric and umbilical regions be comes very marked and its lower curve extends to a little below the nave). The upper limit of stomach tympany is just at the sixth rib in the nipple line, There are no glandular enlargements, The patient became gradually worse and died about Christmas time,

Case IV. Dilated Stomach, forming a Visible Tumor; an Oblong Mass én the Right Epigastric and Umbilical Regions.— Annie D., aged forty-eight years, Bohemian, admitted October 1st, complaining of swelling in the abdomen, pain in the back, and vomiting.

She knows of no hereditary disease in her family. Her husband died of tuberculosis,

Patient was always strong and well; she has had three chil- dren. Her present trouble began eight months ago with pain of a dull, aching character in the stomach, and dyspepsia, but until re- cently she has had no vomiting, and has kept about and at work up to a week ago, when she began to vomit. Prior to this she noticed that the abdomen was swollen. The vomiting has been chiefly after taking food, and she has not brought up any darge quantities,

Present Condition,—Patient is thin, but the emaciation is not extreme. The lips and mucous membranes are of a fairly good color. Tongue is slightly furred with a white coating, Pulse regular ; temperature normal ; superficial glands not enlarged.

The abdomen is prominent, particularly in the umbilical and left hypochondriac regions, Under observation there occur in chese parts undulatory waves of peristalsis, and the outlines of the stomach become unusually distinct, the greater curvature reaching fully three inches below the level of the navel, the lesser curvature just above this point. As the waves of contraction pass there is 2 vertical constriction just to the left of the middle line. The peri- stalsis comes on spontaneously, and any stimulus, such as flipping

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 “Tue sources to which we turn for evidence respecting the existence and nature of abdominal tumors are; the form and appearance presented to the eye; the form still further discovered by the touch; the resistance ascer- tained by pressure; the sounds elicited by percussion; and, in a few instances, the sounds perceptible to tho ear, either alone or by the aid of the stethoscope ; and besides these local and physical signs, we look to the general con- dition of the system, and of the various excretions, as ren- dering us most important assistance, and being frequently indispensable toward the formation of a tolerably correct diagnosis.”—-(Richard Bright, On Abdominal Tumors.)

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 20 THE DIAGNOSIS OF ABDOMINAL TUMORS.

geration and prolongation of the expiratory murmur, there are no changes to be noted in the lungs.

Abdomen.—There is a slight prominenca in the right hypo- chondrium, and on inspiration a tumor mass can be seen to descend ia the parasternal line. On palpation in this region, just below the costal margin, there is a hard, rounded mass, the outline of which can be pretty clearly made out toward the median line, but toward the right it is apparently continuous with the margin of the liver, It is superficial, nodular, bard, and very painful, On deep inspira- tion, it descends almost to the level of the navel, and ihe fingers ean be then placed between the tumor and the liver margin, and it can be held down. Gas can be felt bubbling through the mass. On percussion, there is a flat tympany. When quiet and in repose uo peristalsis can be seen as a rule, When the patient turns over on the left side the mass falls forward and to the left, and ean readily be grasped between the hands. The epigastric region is a little flattened; sometimes distinctly depressed. The lower umbili- eal region, on the contrary, is full.

On dilatation with tartaric acid and bicarbonate of sodium, the stomach is seen to be depressed and dilated. The lesser curvature passed just at the level of the navel; the greater curvature at a dis- tance of seven centimetres below. Waves of peristalsis were then seen in the stamach walls passing from left to right, and sometimes the organ showed an hour-glass contraction.

The test breakfast showed the presence of the organic acids, al- sence of free hydrochloric. Material washed out was dark in color and smelled very sour,

The liver is not enlarged; the spleen not palpable; no enlarge- ment of the external glands.

Case X. Enormoxs Dilatation of the Stomach, forming a Visible Tumar; Ridge-like Thickening ta the Pylorie Region.— Emma H., aged thirty years, colored, admitied (to the gynacolog- ical ward and transferred) April 28, 1808, complaining of swelling of the abdomen, nansea, and yomiting. Nothing of any moment in the family history. She was healthy until abont eight months ago, when she began to have dyspepsia and distress after eating. She has not infrequently had attacks of vomiting, Lately she has been much nauseated afier eating, and has hed pain uud swelling of the

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 performed for ovarian tumor, The cnurmoug dilatation, as shown in Figs. 9 and 10, with paralytic distention and absenco of the poristaltic waver, might, and indeed did, - whon the stomach was very full, simulate ascites, but no serious difliculty coult arise in the differentiation. Tumors of the colon, causing obstruction, lend to great distention of the Jarge bowel, in which active waves of peristalsis may be seen passing from right to left. Usually the abdo- men is distended more uniformly or chiefly in the epigus- trie zone, and intestinal, not gastric, symptoms have been present, and the inflation of the stumach alone, or, if practicable, combined inflation of the stomach ard colon, will usually give information upon which you may base a definite conclusion. A dilated stomach, causing a prominent tumor of the _ abdomen, is almost invariably due to stenosis of the pylo- rus, As already mentioned, in all of the cases a tumor was evident, and in all the condition was that to which the term dilatation of the stomach is more correctly limited. In rare instances a prominent tumor may be caused by mus- cular insufficiency, ag it ig called, or atony of the stomach, and ocensionally, by change in the position of the organ, the so-called descensus ventriculi. The differential diag- nosis of these conditions you will find fully given in the special works above mentioned. I may, however, remark that only in very exceptional instances of atony of the stomach or of descensus ventriculi are the peristaltic waves scen, In women who have borne many children, and who have the extromely relaxed abdominal walls, the condition which Glénard has termed onteroptosis may be associated with great depression and enlargement of the stomach. In some cases the decision is very difficult. I show you here the stomach outlines of o patient who at first we thought had dilatation of the stomach from pyloric obstruction, The organ reached nearly to the

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 in some places attaining 10 metres in height. In the Finnish islands of Aland it is found truly wild, in a few places only, sometimes in company with an allied species, P. fennica. Conwentz identified it at Bergö, Skarpnåtö, Labnäs, and elsewhere. The finest specimen he saw at Östergeta, being 12 metres high and 2 metres in girth.

In south-eastern Sweden it is more abundant, but does not occur in any of the provinces north of Wermland, about lat. 60° N. In the neighbourhood of Stockholm it grows at Stockby to 12 metres in height. In Södermanland and the island of Gothland it is more common.

In Denmark the tree has been found in many places, and is undoubtedly wild near Aarhus in Jutland, in the forests of Adslev, Kolden, and Jexen. I believe that I also saw it in the forest of Roldskov near Aalborg, though I did not at that time distinguish it from Pyrus Aria. In the island of Bornholm it is known under the name of "Axelbar."

In Germany it is confined to a limited area on the coasts of West Prussia and Pomerania, where Conwentz has found it living in six places only—Koliebken, Hoch Redlau, Oxhöft, Karthaus, Gr. Podel, and Markuhle near Kolberg. He gives maps showing the position of the trees in these places, and says that whilst P. torminalis grows in the interior, where the hornbeam is predominant, P. intermedia grows in the country along the coast, where the beech is the prevailing tree. It occurs most commonly in a shrubby condition, the tallest wild one being only 13 metres high by I metre in girth, but one tree at Gross Podel in Pomerania is 1.90 metre in girth, and at Wernigerode, in the Harz, a cultivated tree has attained 17 by 3.17 metres, which is the largest known to Conwentz. He thinks that the scarcity of the tree in Germany arises from its not being indigenous, as no geological evidence exists of its having been formerly commoner, and suggests that it has been introduced from Sweden by birds of passage, such as the waxwing or thrushes, which are fond of the fruit, and may have voided the seeds after migration from the north.

The Swedish name is Oxel, and this name being found in many place and family names in Sweden, shows that the tree was probably more common formerly than at present.

In Norway, Schübeler says that it is wild only in the most southern parts, as at Porsgrund, Grimstad, and Dalen in Eidsborg, in lat. 59° 42' N. There are large trees at Lunde in Stavanger district growing near the church. In the Botanic Gardens at Christiania I have seen a tree which is about 1 2 metres high and over 2 in girth. It has been planted and grows well at Stenkjser, at the north end of the Trondhjem Fjord. The Norsk name is Maave.

Dr. Brunchorst, Director of the Bergen Museum, informed the Earl of Ducie that Pyrus intermedia, as well as P. pinnatifida (P. fennica), were found on the south-west coast of Norway, and that a hybrid which he calls Pyrus Meinickii, P. fennica × Aucuparia, has also been recently discovered in the "Mosterö Bommel Fjord," Dr. Brunchorst, who has paid much attention to this genus, says that three species which he cultivates at Bergen vary much, and perhaps pass into one another. Rh


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 pint and a-half, and fills it vith the pine-apple rum afore he goes avay."

"And empties it afore he comes back, I s'pose?" said Sam.

"Clean!" replied Mr. Weller; "never leaves nothin' in it but the cork and the smell; trust him for that, Sammy. Now, these here fellows, my boy, are a goin' to-night to get up the monthly meetin' o' the Brick Lane Branch o' the United Grand Junction Ebenezer Temperance Association. Your mother-in-law wos a goin', Sammy, but she's got the rheumatics, and can't; and I, Sammy—I've got the two tickets as wos sent her." Mr. Weller communicated this secret with great glee, and winked so indefatigably after doing so, that Sam began to think he must have got the tic doloureux in his right eye-lid.

"Well?" said that young gentleman.

"Well," continued his progenitor, looking round him very cautiously, "you and I'll go, punctiwal to the time. The deputy shepherd won't, Sammy; the deputy shepherd won't."Here Mr. Weller was seized with a paroxysm of chuckles, which gradually terminated in as near an approach to a choke as an elderly gentleman can, with safety, sustain.

"Well, I never see sitch an old ghost in all my born days," exclaimed Sam, rubbing the old gentleman's back, hard enough to set him on fire with the friction. "What are you a laughin' at, corpilence?"

"Hush! Sammy," said Mr. Weller, looking round him with increased caution, and speaking in a whisper: "Two friends o' mine, as works the Oxford Road, and is up to all kinds o' games, has got the deputy shepherd safe in tow, Sammy; and ven he does come to the Ebenezer Junction, (vich he's sure to do: for they'll see him to the door, and shove him in if necessary) he'll be as far gone in rum and water as ever he wos at the Markis o' Granby, Dorkin', and that's not sayin' a little neither." And with this, Mr. Weller once more laughed immoderately, and once more relapsed into a state of partial suffocation, in consequence.


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 his tumbler, winked over the top thereof, at his astonished son.

"Why, what do you mean?" said Sam; "you don't think he's a goin' to be tried at the Old Bailey, do you?"

"That ain't no part of the present con-sideration, Sammy," replied Mr. Weller. "Verever he's a goin' to be tried, my boy, a alleybi's the thing to get him off. Ve got Tom Vildspark off that 'ere manslaughter, with a alleybi, ven all the big vigs to a man said as nothing couldn't save him. And my 'pinion is, Sammy, that if your governor don't prove a alleybi, he'll be what the Italians call reg'larly flummoxed, and that's all about it."

As the elder Mr. Weller entertained a firm and unalterable conviction that the Old Bailey was the supreme court of judicature in this country, and that its rules and forms of proceeding regulated and controlled the practice of all other courts of justice whatsoever, he totally disregarded the assurances and arguments of his son, tending to show that the alibi was inadmissible; and vehemently protested that Mr. Pickwick was being "wictimised." Finding that it was of no use to discuss the matter further, Sam changed the subject, and inquired what the second topic was, on which his revered parent wished to consult him.

"That's a pint o' domestic policy, Sammy," said Mr. Weller. "This here Stiggins—"

"Red-nosed man?" inquired Sam.

"The wery same," replied Mr. Weller. "This here rednosed man, Sammy, wisits your mother-in-law vith a kindness and constancy as I never see equalled. He's sitch a friend o' the family, Sammy, that wen he's avay from us, he can't be comfortable unless he has somethin' to remember us by."

"And I'd give him somethin' as 'ud turpentine and bees'vax his memory for the next ten years or so, if I wos you," interposed Sam.

"Stop a minute," said Mr. Weller; "I wos a going to say, he always brings now, a flat bottle as holds about a


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A species of hybrid origin, occurring as a small tree, which may attain 50 feet in height, with smooth, grey bark. Leaves variable in shape, mostly pinnate or deeply cut at the base, with 1-4 pairs of segments more or less separate; the upper part cut into deep sharp-toothed lobes; green and glabrous above, grey tomentose below. Flowers white in loose corymbs; styles 3, woolly at the base; fruit small, globular, coral red, and resembling that of Pyrus Aucuparia.

This form, the parents of which are P. Aucuparia and P. intermedia, must be carefully distinguished (see p. 143) from Pyrus hybrida, Moench, a shrub of different origin.

Pyrus Thuringiaca, Ilse, a cross between P. Aucuparia and P. Aria, is generally included under P. pinnatifida, from which it differs only in the leaf, whiter beneath, having its upper part lobulate or dentate and not deeply lobed.

Sorbus arranensis, Hedlund, is the name given to a form occurring in the Isle of Arran, which is intermediate between P. pinnatifida and P. intermedia, and closely resembles the latter, differing only in the deeper and more irregular lobing of the leaf.

The hybrid forms, which are intermediate between P. pinnatifida and P. Aucuparia, are generally regarded as varieties (var. satureifolia and var. decurrens ) of the latter species, and will be mentioned in our account of the mountain ash.

Pyrus pinnatifida and the intermediate hybrids are variable and inconstant in the shape of the leaf There is no difficulty, however, in their identification, if it be noted that hybridity may be suspected in all cases where the leaves vary on the one hand from the regularly pinnate separate leaflets of Pyrus Aucuparia, and on the other from the regular uniform lobing or serration of Pyrus intermedia or Pyrus


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 There is a tree at Williamstrip Park, Fairford, the seat of Lord St. Aldwyn, which is in a decaying condition. It consists of a large stool measuring 8 feet at the ground, with four ste«ns about a foot in diameter by about 60 feet high. There is also a tree at Arley Castle 50 feet high by 3 feet 5 inches in girth in 1905. One at Bayfordbury is 40 feet by 5 feet 2 inches, branching at 4 feet into four stems, with numerous ascending branches. At Aldenham Cottage, Letchmore Heath, Herts, is a fine tree 44 feet by 6 feet 2 inches, with a bole of 6 feet. At Danson Park, Welling, Kent, the residence of Mr. Bean, there is said to be a tree about 30 feet high, with a girth of 12 feet 4 inches at 1½ feet above the ground, described to be like a large bush with seven main branches.


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 "Sign it, Veller," said the oldest surviving proprietor of that name.

"Won't do," said Sam. "Never sign a walentine with your own name."

"Sign it 'Pickvick,' then," said Mr. Weller; "it's a werry good name, and a easy one to spell."

"The wery thing," said Sam. "I could end with a werse; what do you think?"

"I don't like it, Sam," rejoined Mr. Weller. "I never know'd a respectable coachman as wrote poetry, 'cept one, as made an affectin' copy o' werses the night afore he wos hung for a highway robbery; and he wos only a Cambervell man, so even that's no rule."

But Sam was not to be dissuaded from the poetical idea that had occurred to him, so he signed the letter,

And having folded it, in a very intricate manner, squeezed a down-hill direction in one corner: "To Mary, Housemaid, at Mr. Nupkins's Mayor's, Ipswich, Suffolk;" and put it into his pocket, wafered, and ready for the General Post. This important business having been transacted, Mr. Weller the elder proceeded to open that, on which he had summoned his son.

"The first matter relates to your governor, Sammy," said Mr. Weller. "He's a goin' to be tried to-morrow, ain't he?"

"The trial's a comin' on," replied Sam.

"Vell," said Mr. Weller, "Now I s'pose he'll want to call some witnesses to speak to his character, or p'haps to prove a alleybi. I've been a turnin' the bis'ness over in my mind, and he may make his-self easy, Sammy. I've got some friends as'll do either for him, but my adwice 'ud be this here—never mind the character, and stick to the alleybi. Nothing like a alleybi, Sammy, nothing." Mr. Weller looked very profound as he delivered this legal opinion; and burying his nose in


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 his father continuing to smoke, with a mixed expression of wisdom and complacency, which was particularly edifying.

Afore I see you, I thought all women was alike.

"So they are," observed the elder Mr. Weller, parenthetically.

But now,' continued Sam, 'now I find what a reg'lar soft-headed, inkred'lous turnip I must ha' been; for there ain't nobody like you, though I like you better than nothin' at all. I thought it best to make that rayther strong," said Sam, looking up.

Mr. Weller nodded approvingly, and Sam resumed.

So I take the privilidge of the day, Mary, my dear—as the gen'l'm'n in difficulties did, ven he valked out of a Sunday,—to tell you that the first and only time I see you, your likeness was took on my hart in much quicker time and brighter colours than ever a likeness was took by the profeel macheen (wich p'raps you may have heerd on Mary my dear) altho it does finish a portrait and put the frame and glass on complete, with a hook at the end to hang it up by, and all in two minutes and a quarter."

"I am afeerd that werges on the poetical, Sammy," said Mr. Weller, dubiously.

"No it don't," replied Sam, reading on very quickly, to avoid contesting the point:

Except of me Mary my dear as your walentine and think over what I've said.—My dear Mary I will now conclude.' That's all," said Sam.

"That's rather a sudden pull up, ain't it, Sammy?" inquired Mr. Weller.

"Not a bit on it," said Sam; "she'll vish there wos more, and that's the great art o' letter writin"."

"Well," said Mr. Weller, "there's somethin' in that; and I wish your mother-in-law 'ud only conduct her conwersation on the same gen-teel principle. Ain't you a goin' to sign it?"

"That's the difficulty," said Sam; "I don't know what to sign it."


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 snowy white beneath, it exhibits a great variety of forms in the wild state, explained by its wide geographical distribution and its occurrence on different soils and in different situations. Moreover, various horticultural varieties have been produced. The type has been described above; the following is a list of the most important varieties:—

1. Var. rupicola. Differs from the type in the leaves having fewer nerves, generally 7 (5–9) pairs, less prominent; obovate-oblong in shape, widest above the middle, lobulate above, with the tomentum ultimately becoming slightly grey. Fruit smaller, f inch diameter, carmine-scarlet. This variety occurs always on limestone rocks, and is recorded from many stations in the British Isles. It is probably a form due to poor soil and exposure to wind, and other uncongenial conditions.

2. Var. græca, Boissier. A shrub occurring in Spain, Albania, Greece, Syria, and Asia Minor. Leaves round, thick, almost leathery in consistence, nerves 6-10 pairs, broad, cuneate at the base, lobulate, with large teeth in the upper two-thirds. This form is also known as Sorbus cretica, Fritsch, and Aria grceca, Decaisne.

3. Var. flabellifolia. Leaves orbicular, cuneate, or rounder at the base, margin with large incisions, sharply toothed, nerves 3-5 pairs. South-eastern Europe and Asia Minor.

4. Var, Decaisneana, Rehder. Leaves large, 4-6 inches long by 2–3½ broad, elliptic or oblong, narrow or acuminate at the apex, rounded or subcordate at the base, serrate in almost the whole margin with sharp teeth; nerves 12–14 pairs; petiole channelled above, nearly an inch long. Flowers first white, then becoming pinkish; styles glabrous. Fruit purplish, ellipsoid, crowned by the persistent hairy sepals. This tree is of unknown origin; it has been said to be Himalayan, but I am not aware on what authority. It closely resembles Pyrus lanata from that region.

5. Var. sinensis. Leaves narrow, lanceolate or ovate, with acuminate apex and cuneate base; crenately serrate. A series of forms occur in the mountains of Hupeh in China, where the trees are common at high elevations, and vary in size from 10 to 40 feet in height. Seeds were sent home by Wilson to Messrs. Veitch in 1901, and seedlings, very beautiful in foliage and vigorous in growth, are now growing at Coombe Wood.

6. Var. salicifolia. Leaves narrow, ovate-lanceolate, doubly serrate in margin, with long petioles. Origin unknown.

7. Certain horticultural varieties occur in which the leaves are variously coloured, as lutescens, chrysophylla, sulphurea.

8. Var. quercoides. Leaves regularly lobed with their edges bent upwards.

, Hort., may here be mentioned, as it occurs in cultivation and


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 up to the light, "it's shamed,' there's a blot there—'I feel myself ashamed.

"Werry good," said Mr. Weller. "Go on."

Feel myself ashamed, and completely cir—' I forget what this here word is," said Sam, scratching his head with the pen, in vain attempts to remember.

"Why don't you look at it, then?" inquired Mr. Weller.

"So I am a lookin' at it," replied Sam, "but there's another blot. Here's a 'c,' and a 'i,' and a 'd.

"Circumwented, p'haps," suggested Mr. Weller.

"No, it ain't that," said Sam, "circumscribed; that's it."

"That ain't as good a word as circumwented, Sammy," said Mr. Weller, gravely.

"Think not?" said Sam.

"Nothin' like it," replied his father.

"But don't you think it means more?" inquired Sam.

"Vell p'raps it is a more tenderer word," said Mr. Weller, after a few moments' reflection. "Go on, Sammy."

Feel myself ashamed and completely circumscribed in a dressin' of you, for you are a nice gal and nothin' but it.

"That's a werry pretty sentiment," said the elder Mr. Weller, removing his pipe to make way for the remark.

"Yes, I think it is rayther good," observed Sam, highly flattered.

"Wot I like in that 'ere style of writin'," said the elder Mr. Weller, "is, that there ain't no callin' names in it,—no Wenuses, nor nothin' o' that kind. Wot's the good o' callin' a young 'ooman a Wenus or a angel, Sammy?"

"Ah! what, indeed?" replied Sam.

"You might jist as well call her a griffin, or a unicorn, or a king's arms at once, which is werry well known to be a col-lection o' fabulous animals," added Mr. Weller.

"Just as well," replied Sam.

"Drive on, Sammy," said Mr. Weller. Sam complied with the request, and proceeded as follows;


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 There is a handsome tree on the lawn at Belton Park, which measures 41 feet by 6 feet 7 inches.

A very spreading, ill-shaped tree in a thicket at Mount Meadow, near Cobham, Kent, is 9 feet 3 inches in girth.

At Stowe, near Buckingham, there are several fine trees near the Queen's Temple, which are about 50 feet high, but the tree when growing wild on the Cotswold Hills, where it is common, rarely exceeds 30 feet with a stem 2 to 3 feet in girth, and is more usually seen as a bush with many stems.

The whitebeam, like the mountain ash, is occasionally found as an epiphyte growing on other trees, where its seeds have been dropped by birds. Though this is more common in the damp climate of the west of England, yet we know of two cases which are remarkable on account of their situation. One is in the Yew Tree Vale in Surrey, where a whitebeam is growing near the top of a yew tree; the other is near Colesborne in the Cotswold Hills. In this case a large limb has been torn by the wind from a Scots pine, and in the crevice on the east side of the tree, where but very little vegetable matter has yet had time to form, a healthy young whitebeam, now about 3 feet high, grew for seven or eight years, when it began to lose vigour.

Though it is well known that the decaying mossy trunk of a fallen tree is one of the most favourable situations for the seeds of many conifers to germinate and grow, yet in this case the roots of the whitebeam must derive their nourishment almost entirely from the air, the case being very different from those so often seen in the Himalayas and other countries, where a large quantity of moss, ferns, and decaying vegetable matter accumulate in the forks of large old trees.

The whitebeam is easily propagated by seed, which, if sown in autumn, will germinate partly in the following spring and partly in the second year after sowing. The seedlings grow slowly at first, and require five or six years in the nursery before they are large enough to plant out. When planted on good soil the whitebeam is a very ornamental tree, both on account of its leaves and fruit, which is larger and more abundant than when wild. It is, however, so much liked by birds that it is soon eaten up.

The wood is hard, heavy, and even in the grain, and is white in colour, with some dark spots, and in old trees becomes occasionally tinged with red. It is used on the Continent in turnery and in making tools.

Loudon says that it was used for the axletrees, naves, and felloes of wheels, carpenters' tools, and walking-sticks, but that the greatest use of its wood, until iron superseded it, was for the cogs of small wheels. I have felled a tree 18 inches in diameter, which when cut through was perfectly sound at heart, and was considered to be well suited for chair-making.


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 to get married ran in the family and couldn't be helped, which calmed Mr. Weller's feelings, and caused his grief to subside. We should be rather disposed to say that the result was attained by combining the two sources of consolation, for he repeated the second in a low tone, very frequently; ringing the bell meanwhile, to order in the first. He then divested himself of his upper coat; and lighting the pipe and placing himself in front of the fire with his back towards it, so that he could feel its full heat, and recline against the mantelpiece at the same time, turned towards Sam, and, with a countenance greatly mollified by the softening influence of tobacco, requested him to "fire away."

Sam dipped his pen into the ink to be ready for any corrections, and began with a very theatrical air:

Lovely.

"Stop," said Mr. Weller, ringing the bell. "A double glass o' the inwariable, my dear."

'Very well, sir," replied the girl; who with great quickness appeared, vanished, returned, and disappeared.

"They seem to know your ways here," observed Sam.

"Yes," replied his father, "I've been here before, in my time. Go on, Sammy."

"Lovely creetur,"" repeated Sam.

Tain't in poetry, is it?" interposed his father.

"No, no," replied Sam.

"Werry glad to hear it," said Mr. Weller. "Poetry's unnat'ral; no man ever talked poetry 'cept a beadle on boxin' day, or Warren's blackin', or Rowland's oil, or some o' them low fellows; never you let yourself down to talk poetry, my boy. Begin agin, Sammy."

Mr. Weller resumed his pipe with critical solemnity, and Sam once more commenced, and read as follows:

Lovely creetur i feel myself a dammed'—."

"That ain't proper," said Mr. Weller, taking his pipe from his mouth.

"No; it ain't 'dammed'," observed Sam, holding the letter


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 "What do you mean!" exclaimed Mr. Pickwick, turning pale; "no other secret marriage, I hope?"

"No, no," replied old Wardle; "not so bad as that; no."

"What then?" inquired Mr. Pickwick; "am I interested in it?"

"Shall I answer that question, Perker?" said Wardle.

"If you don't commit yourself by doing so, my dear sir."

"Well then, you are," said Wardle.

"How?" asked Mr. Pickwick anxiously. "In what way?"

"Really," replied Wardle, "you're such a fiery sort of young fellow that I am almost afraid to tell you; but, however, if Perker will sit between us to prevent mischief, I'll venture."

Having closed the room-door, and fortified himself with another application to Perker's snuff-box, the old gentleman proceeded with his great disclosure in these words.

"The fact is, that my daughter Bella—Bella, who married young Trundle, you know."

"Yes, yes, we know," said Mr. Pickwick impatiently.

"Don't alarm me at the very beginning. My daughter Bella, Emily having gone to bed with a headache after she had read Arabella's letter to me, sat herself down by my side the other evening, and began to talk over this marriage affair. 'Well, pa,' she says, 'what do you think of it?' 'Why, my dear,' I said, 'I suppose it's all very well; I hope it's for the best.' I answered in this way because I was sitting before the fire at the time, drinking my grog rather thoughtfully, and I knew my throwing in an undecided word now and then, would induce her to continue talking. Both my girls are pictures of their dear mother, and as I grow old I like to sit with only them by me; for their voices and looks carry me back to the happiest period of my life, and make me, for the moment, as young as I used to be then, though not quite so light-hearted. 'It's quite a marriage of affection, pa,' said Bella, after a short silence. 'Yes, my dear,' said I, 'but such marriages do not always turn out the happiest.


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