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28 Saxon. Let us all join together, says he, all classes and creeds.

And, says the town worker, after we have crushed the Saxon and freed Ireland, what will we do?

Oh, then you can go back to your slums, same as before.

Whoop it up for liberty!

And, says the agricultural workers, after we have freed Ireland, what then?

Oh, the you can go scraping around for the landlord's rant or the money-lenders' interest same as before.

Whoop it up for liberty!

After Ireland is free, says the patriot who won't touch Socialism, we will protect all classes, and if you won't pay your rent you will be evicted same as now. But the evicting party, under command of the sheriff, will wear green uniforms and the Harp without the Crown, and the warrant turning you out on the roadside will be stamped with the arms of the Irish Republic.

Now, isn't that worth fighting for?

And when you cannot find employment, and, giving up the struggle of life in despair, enter the Poorhouse, the band of the nearest regiment of the Irish army will escort you to the Poorhouse door to the tune of “St. Patrick's Day.”

Oh, it will be nice to live in those days!

“With the Green Flag flying o'er us” and an ever-increasing army of unemployed workers walking about under the Green Flag, wishing they had something to eat. Same as now!

Whoop it up for liberty!

Now my friend, I also am Irish, but I'm a bit more logical. The capitalist, I say, is a parasite on industry;


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 well taken. It has for its support common sense, common honesty, and the best sentiment of mankind. On the other hand, it has nothing to oppose it but a vulgar, popular prejudice against the coloured people of our country, a prejudice which we all know strikes men with moral blindness and renders them incapable of seeing any distinction between right and wrong where coloured people are concerned.

But I come to a stronger position. I rest my denial not merely upon general principles but upon facts. I reject the charge brought against the Negro as a class, because all through the late war, while the of the South were absent from their homes, in the field of rebellion, with bullets in their pockets, treason in their hearts, broad blades in their bloody hands, seeking the life of the nation, with the vile purpose of perpetuating the enslavement of the Negro, their wives, their daughters, their sisters and their mothers were left in the absolute custody of these same Negroes, and during all those long four years of terrible conflict, when the Negro had every opportunity to commit the abominable crime now alleged against him, there was never a single instance of such crime reported or charged against him. He was never accused of assault, insult, or an attempt to commit an assault upon any white woman in the whole South. A fact like this, though negative, speaks volumes, and ought to have some weight with the American people on the present question.

Then, again, on general principles, I do not believe the charge, because it implies an improbable change, if not an impossible change in the mental and moral character and composition of the Negro. It implies a radical change wholly inconsistent with the facts of human nature. It is a contradiction to human experience. History does not present an example of a transformation in the character of any class of men so extreme, so unnatural and so complete as is implied in this charge. The change is too great and the period for it too brief. Instances may be cited where men fall like stars from heaven, but such is not the usual experience with the masses. Decline in the moral character of such is not sudden, but gradual. The downward steps are marked at

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Page:The Atlantic Monthly Volume 1.djvu/664

656 tion. One half-hour on the deck of the boat to New York, with the free ocean-breeze blowing over me, made me a strong man again,—I mean, strong as usual. It was inexpressible delight, that ocean-breeze. It makes me draw a long breath to think of it, and its almost miraculous power of invigoration. But I will not rhapsodize to one who thinks no more of a sea-breeze every afternoon than of dessert after dinner.

With my strength, my sense of amusement at what went on about me revived in full force. I was so absorbed, that I could not take in the meaning of anything Kate said to me, unless I fixed my eyes, by a great effort, upon her face. So she let me stare about me undisturbed, and smiled like some indulgent mother, amused at my boyishness. I had no idea that so few months spent in seclusion would make the bustling world so novel to me.

Observe, Mary, that I did not become purely egotistical, until I began to mingle again with "the crowd, the hum, the shock of men." Henceforth I shall not be able to promise you any other topic than my own experiences. My individuality is thrust upon my notice momently by my isolation in this crowd. In solitude I did not dream what a contrast I had become to my kind. Those strong, quick, shrewd business-men on the boat set it before me glaringly.

Soon after I was established upon the forward deck, my attention was attracted by two boys lying close under the bulwarks. I was struck by their foreign dress, their coarse voices, and their stupid faces. Two creatures, I thought, near akin to the beasts of the field. They cowered in their sheltered corner, and soon fell asleep. One of the busy boathands found them in his way, and gave them a shove or two, but failed to arouse them. He looked hard at them, pitied their fatigue, and left them undisturbed. Presently an old Irish woman, a cake-and-apple-vendor, I suppose, sat down near them upon a coil of rope, and took from her basket a fine large cherry-pie, which appeared to be the last of her stock, and reserved as a tit-bit for her dinner. She turned it round, and eyed it fondly, before she cut it carefully into many equal parts. Then, with huge satisfaction, she began to devour it, making a smacking of the lips and working of the whole apparatus of eating, which proved that she intensely appreciated the uses of mastication, or else found a wonderful joy in it. "How much above an intelligent pig is she?" I asked myself.

While I was pondering this question, I saw that the boy nearest her stirred in his sleep, struggled uneasily with his torpor, and at last lifted his head blindly with his eyes yet shut. He sniffed in the air, like a hungry dog. Yes! The odor of food had certainly reached him,—that sniff confirmed it,—and his eyes starting open, he sat up, and looked with grave steadiness at the pie. It was just the face of a dog that sees a fine piece of beef upon his master's table. He knows it is not for him,—he has no hope of it,—he does not go about to get it, nor think of the possibility of having it,—yet he wants it!

It was a look of unmitigated desire. The woman had disposed of half of her dainty fare, taking up each triangular piece by the crust, and biting off the point, dripping with cherry-juice, first, when her wandering gaze alighted upon the boy. She had another piece just poised, but she slowly lowered it to the plate, and stared at the hungry face. I expected her to snarl like a cat, snatch her food and go away. But she didn't. She counted the pieces,—there were five. She eyed them, and shook her head. She again raised the tempting morsel,—for the woman was unmistakably hungry. But the boy's steady look drew the pie from her lips, and she suddenly held out the plate to him, saying, "There, honey, take that. May-be ne'er a morsel's passed yer lips the day." The boy seized the unexpected boon greedily, but did not forget to give a duck of his head, by way of acknowledgment. The woman leaned her elbows on her knees, and watched him while he was devouring it.


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Abbey, Edwin Austin. English painter b. 1852. d. Ag I

Abraham, Abraham, drygoods merchant, b. 1843. d. Je 28

Importation prohibited after Jan. 1. D 14

Lidji Jeason, Menelik's grandson, proclaimed emperor. My 15

See

Adams, G: Bethune, jurist, b. 1845. d. O 10

Adams, J: Quincy. Presb. clergyman, b. 1848. d. Ja 14

Adler, Hermann. English rabbi, b. 1839. d. Jl 18

Inaugurated. S 9

First aerial mail carried by E. L. Ovington in Blériot, Garden City to Mineola, L. I. S 23

E. Ovington authorized to carry mail from New York to Los Angeles. O 2

. At first annual dinner at Hotel Astor, presents Hon. W: R. Hearst with medal for service to aeronautics. Ap 27

Experiment of M. S. Crissy and P. Parmalee in Wright biplane proves bomb dropped 475 feet effective within radius of 70 yards. Ja 15

C: K. Hamilton and R. Garros volunteer as aerial scouts for U. S. army at Juarez. F 5

First military flight in aeroplane by H. Harkness, Ft. Rosecrans to Tia Juana and return, 56 min. F 7


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Page:The wealth of nations, volume 3.djvu/201

 order, were interested to restrain, as much as possible, every member of it from committing enormous crimes, or even from giving occasion to such gross scandal as might disgust the minds of the people.

In the state in which things were through the greater part of Europe during the tenth, eleventh, twelfth, and thirteenth centuries, and for some time both before and after that period, the constitution of the Church of Rome may be considered as the most formidable combination that ever was formed against the authority and security of civil government, as well as against the liberty, reason, and happiness of mankind, which can flourish only where civil government is able to protect them. In that constitution the grossest delusions of superstition were supported in such a manner by the private interests of so great a number of people as put them out of all danger from any assault of human reason: because though human reason might perhaps have been able to unveil, even to the eyes of the common people, some of the delusions of superstition, it could never have dissolved the ties of private interest. Had this constitution been attacked by no other enemies but the feeble efforts of human reason, it must have endured forever. But that immense and well-built fabric, which all the wisdom and virtue of man could never have shaken, much less have overturned, was by the natural course of things, first weakened, and afterward in part destroyed, and is now likely, in the course of a few centuries more, perhaps, to crumble into ruins altogether.

The gradual improvements of arts, manufactures, and commerce, the same causes which destroyed the power of the great barons, destroyed in the same manner, through the greater part of Europe, the whole temporal power of the


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Rh

497 deaths by fire in 1911. Ja 7

Equitable Bldg.; loss $18,000,000. Ja 9

Liberty Knitting Mills, Bklyn.; loss $50,000. Ja 9

Terminal Storage Company Warehouse destroyed; loss est. $1,250,000. Ja 17

4 East side tenements burn; loss $300,000. F 10

Pan-Hellenic, Greek newspaper, 1 building destroyed, 3 damaged; loss $250,000. F 11

St. Nicholas Auto Depot; 30 machines destroyed; loss bet. $50,000 and $75,000. F 18

Bklyn. tar plant burns; loss $300,000. F22

2 die in tenement fire; loss $15,000. Mr. 1

Blaze in Church of Messiah ; $10,000 damage. Mr 2

Boarding house destroyed, 1 dead, 1 hurt. Mr 3

Tenement burned. 2 dead, 6 injured. Mr 3

2 suffocated, 5 injured in waterfront hotel. Mr 24

Five story manufacturing building destroyed; loss $200,000. Mr 26

Fire in Mercer St. factory bldg.; loss $200,000. Mr 27

Commissioner Johnson's rept, shows losses of over $12,000,000 in 1911, large increase over 1910 Ap7

Explosion in varnish concern followed by fire; loss, $10,000. Ap 14

Woman and 2 children burned to death in tenement blaze. Ap 24

200 women in loft fire, none injured; loss $10,000. Ap 26

Man leaps to death in Bowery fire; loss $15,000. Ap 26

Builders' Exchange Bldg. burns; loss est. $350,000. Ap 29

West Broadway loft bldg. burns; loss $50,000. Ap 29

3 tenement houses in same vicinity damaged. My 15

Fire on Vandewater St. fought from Brooklyn Bridge. Je 3

Several amusement places at Brighton Beach burn; loss est. $25,000. Je5

Isidor Steinareulzer, thought chief Harlem firebug, arrested. Je 21

$100,000 loft fire. Jl 10

Old Beck Presbyterian Church burns. Ag 8

Pier burns; $100,000 loss. Ag 10

Girl jumps from window, killed, as firemen break door. S 10

Market block burns; loss estimated, $100,000. S 16

Loft fire causes $115,000 loss. O 4

Chemical plant burns, Brooklyn; loss estimated, $175,000; 6 hurt. O 17

"Westminster Abbey" curio shop burns. N 9

Explosion in Union Sulphur Co., Brooklyn, burns 3 blocks; 13 hurt, 7-8 missing; loss, $1,000,000. N 25

2 dead, 2 hurt. 5 missing in tenement fire. D 3

1 dead, 4 hurt in oil works fire, Greenpoint. D 11

See also

Hat works burn, loss $100,000. N 30

4 hurt in leather works fire. D 13

Rush bldg. destroyed; loss, $100,000. D 18

2 dead in $200,000 fire. D 29

Several buildings destroyed; loss $35,000. Mr 6

Business district partly burned; loss estimated, $600,000. Jl 2

Fire in office building; loss $150,000. Ja 8

Wharf and 3 buildings burn; 1 dead; loss, $300,000. Ag 29

Evicted, man fires lodging house; dies in flames. Ag 21

Beach resort burned; loss estimated, $1,000,000. S 3

12 reported missing. S 5

Building destroyed in principal retail blocks; loss $350,000. Ap 13

Hotel destroyed; loss $250,000. Ja 14

Pasadena hotel destroyed; loss, $250,000. Ja 15

Northern Pacific R. R. icing plant burns; $100,000 loss. Ag 11

Department store and 5 other buildings burn; loss $500,000. D 15

Silk factories burn, loss $100,000. D 22

3 large factory buildings burn; loss $1,000,000. F4

Summer home of Barclay H. Warburton in suburbs destroyed; loss $60,000. F 6

Wharves and railroad property; loss, $1,000,000. O 1

Pottery, alleged oldest U. S. business concern, burns. O 22

Automatic alarm fails; dozen houses burn. O 24

$400,000 fire. D 12

Girl, 4, saves brother, 2, from burning house. D 23

See also

$300,000 Academy of Music destroyed. Ja 27

W. J. Butterfield's home burns; loss $100,000. F 4

Water front threatened; 2 vessels burn; loss $100,000. Je 30


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Page:The wealth of nations, volume 3.djvu/202

 clergy. In the produce of arts, manufactures, and commerce, the clergy, like the great barons, found something for which they could exchange their rude produce, and thereby discovered the means of spending their whole revenues upon their own persons, without giving any considerable share of them to other people. Their charity became gradually less extensive, their hospitality less liberal or less profuse. Their retainers became consequently less numerous, and by degrees dwindled away altogether. The clergy, too, like the great barons, wished to get a better rent from their landed estates, in order to spend it, in the same manner, upon the gratification of their own private vanity and folly. But this increase of rent could be got only by granting leases to their tenants, who thereby became in a great measure independent of them. The ties of interest, which bound the inferior ranks of people to the clergy, were in this manner gradually broken and dissolved. They were even broken and dissolved sooner than those which bound the same ranks of people to the great barons: because the benefices of the church being, the greater part of them, much smaller than the estates of the great barons, the possessor of each benefice was much sooner able to spend the whole of its revenue upon his own person. During the greater part of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries the power of the great barons was, through the greater part of Europe, in full vigor. But the temporal power of the clergy, the absolute command which they had once had over the great body of the people, was very much decayed. The power of the church was by that time very nearly reduced through the greater part of Europe to what arose from her spiritual authority; and even that spiritual authority was much weakened when it ceased to be sup-


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Page:The wealth of nations, volume 3.djvu/203

 ported by the charity and hospitality of the clergy. The inferior ranks of people no longer looked upon that order, as they had done before, as the comforters of their distress, and the relievers of their indigence. On the contrary, they were provoked and disgusted by the vanity, luxury, and expense of the richer clergy, who appeared to spend upon their own pleasures what had always before been regarded as the patrimony of the poor.

In this situation of things, the sovereigns in the different States of Europe endeavored to recover the influence which they had once had in the disposal of the great benefices of the church, by procuring to the deans and chapters of each diocese the restoration of their ancient right of electing the bishop, and to the monks of each abbacy that of electing the abbot. The re-establishing of this ancient order was the object of several statutes enacted in England during the course of the fourteenth century, particularly of what is called the Statute of Provisors; and of the Pragmatic Sanction established in France in the fifteenth century. In order to render the election valid, it was necessary that the sovereign should both consent to it beforehand, and afterward approve of the person elected; and though the election was still supposed to be free, he had, however, all the indirect means which his situation necessarily afforded him of influencing the clergy in his own dominions. Other regulations of a similar tendency were established in other parts of Europe. But the power of the Pope in the collation of the great benefices of the church seems, before the Reformation, to have been nowhere so effectually and so universally restrained as in France and England. The Concordat afterward, in the sixteenth century, gave to the kings of France the absolute right of presenting to all the great, or


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Page:The wealth of nations, volume 3.djvu/204

 what are called the consistorial benefices of the Gallican Church.

Since the establishment of the Pragmatic Sanction and of the Concordat, the clergy of France have in general shown less respect to the decrees of the papal court than the clergy of any other Catholic country. In all the disputes which their sovereign has had with the Pope, they have almost constantly taken part with the former. This independence of the clergy of France upon the court of Rome, seems to be principally founded upon the Pragmatic Sanction and the Concordat. In the earlier periods of the monarchy, the clergy of France appear to have been as much devoted to the Pope as those of any other country. When Robert, the second prince of the Capetian race, was most unjustly excommunicated by the court of Rome, his own servants, it is said, threw the victuals which came from his table to the dogs, and refused to taste anything themselves which had been polluted by the contact of a person in his situation. They were taught to do so, it may very safely be presumed, by the clergy of his own dominions.

The claim of collating to the great benefices of the church, a claim in defence of which the court of Rome had frequently shaken, and sometimes overturned the thrones of some of the greatest sovereigns in Christendom, was in this manner either restrained or modified, or given up altogether, in many different parts of Europe, even before the time of the Reformation. As the clergy had now less influence over the people, so the State had more influence over the clergy. The clergy therefore had both less power and less inclination to disturb the State.

The authority of the Church of Rome was in this state of declension, when the disputes which gave birth to the


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Page:The American Library Annual 1913.djvu/75

Rh Portland, Ore.

Part of Crown flour mill burns; loss $100,000. Je 7

Providence, R. I.

Revere Rubber Co. warehouse; loss, $575,000. My 7

Putnam, Ct.

2 incendiary fires cause $200,000 loss. N 21

Raleigh Springs, Tenn.

James Sanitarium destroyed; loss est. $125,000. My 14

Ramsey, N. J.

$200,000 fire. Ja 29

Ray, Ariz.

Business portion of town; loss, $500,000. Je 18

Ronan, Mont.

Town destroyed; $500,000 loss. Ag 24

Roosevelt, N. J.

James Driscoll's home burns; 4 children die. N 6

Mrs. Driscoll dies from burns. N 7

St. Louis, Mo.

Berlin Hotel burns, several hurt. N 2

St. Louis Park, Minn.

Oil plant debris in dry bottom of Bass Lake spreads flames. Ap 13

St. Paul, Minn.

Grand Opera House damaged; loss $75,000. F 19

Department store; $250,000 loss. D 11

San Antonio, Tex.

6 nuns die saving orphanage children. O 30

Oil mill burns, loss est. $250,000. N 15

San Diego, Cal.

13 missing after macaroni factory fire. S 1

San Francisco, Cal.

Tenements on Telegraph Hill burn; loss $3000. Ap 12

Wholesale houses burn; loss estimated, $150,000. S 11

Santa Cruz, Cal.

Sea Beach Hotel burns; loss $90,000. Je 12

Savannah, Ga.

Atlantic Coast Line warehouse burns; loss, $400,000. My 12

Schenley, Pa.

Schenley Distilling Co. warehouse, loss, $800,000. My 23

Shady Side, O.

Ohio Valley Enamel Co.; loss est. $100,000. D 15

Shreveport, La.

26 buildings burn; loss more than $75,000. F 4

Sioux City, Ia.

Modanun Hotel block; loss, $400,000. Ja 30

Sodus, N. Y.

3 fires in 8 days do $250,000 damage. D 21-28

Somerset, Wis.

3 die in farmhouse near. O 14

S. Omaha, Neb.

$100,000 fire in packing house, 5 hurt under falling wall. N24

Sparta, Tenn.

Fire in business section; loss, $100,000. Ag 5

Springfield, Md.

Historic mansion destroyed. F5

Springfield, Mass.

Wason Car Co. burns; $300,000 loss. D 19

Sterling, Ill.

Ringling circus main tent burns; $200,000 loss. Ag 22

Summerville, N. Y.

Explosion in N. Y. Central roundhouse starts fire; $150,000 damage. D 18

Syracuse, N. Y.

Episcopal Church of Savior burned; loss $40,000. Ja 7

Plant of Phoenix Hardware Mfg. Co. destroyed; loss $100,000. My 10

Taft, Cal.

See

Tarrytown, N. Y.

$100,000 estimated loss. S 17

Telluride, Col.

Stamp mill; loss, $500,000. My 23

Thousand Islands Park.

Business section, hotel, 87 cottages, burn; loss, $500,000. Jl 9

Three Rivers, Mass.

Saved by volunteers. Ja 7

Tonopah, Nev.

Nevada Gas Co. damaged; loss $25,000. Mr 8

Two blocks burn; loss, $250,000. J 18

Universal, Pa.

3 children burn to death in barn while mothers tear at wall. D 5

Valley City, N. D.

Several buildings destroyed; loss $50,000. F 3

Valparaiso, Ind.

Sparrow carries lighted cigarette to belfry; university building burns. O 11

Waco, Tex.

Bell & Seat Bldg. destroyed; loss $18,000. Ja 30

Walla Walla, Wash.

Jones Bldg. destroyed; loss 1 life & $125,000. Ja 26

Washington, D. C.

Railroad and Electric Light Plant; loss,$300,000. F 11


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 1 Furst, J. H., Co 23 S. Hanover St., Baltimore, Md.

1 Gage Publishing Co., Inc 114 Liberty St., New York.

5 Gammel's Book Store Austin, Tex.

2 Gas Engine Publishing Co 229 E. 7th St., Cincinnati.

2 Gazette Press Yonkers, N. Y.

2 Gazette Printing Co Billings, Mont.

2 General Council Publication House (Lutheran) 1522 Arch St., Philadelphia.

2 General Theological Seminary of the Protestant Episcopal Church, Chelsea Sq., New York.

3 German Literary Board Burlington, Ia.

2 Gilbert Printing Co Columbus, Ga.

2 Gillan, Silas Young Milwaukee, Wis.

2 Gillis Press 150 Fifth Ave., New York.

57 Ginn & Co 29 Beacon St., Boston.

1 Glad Tidings Publishing Co 206 Lakeside Bldg., Chicago.

1 Globe & Commercial Advertiser 75 Dey St., New York.

2 God's Revivalist Office 1810 Young St., Cincinnati.

1 Golden, William Echard 99 Livingston St., Brooklyn, N. Y.

I Goldsmith-Wollard Publishing Co 122 E. Douglas Ave., Wichita, Kan.

1 Good Health Clinic Publishing Co Syracuse, N. Y.

5 Goodhue Co 36 E. 23d St., New York.

11 Gorham, Edwin S. (supplies books of S. P. C. A.) 37 E. 28th St., New York.

1 Gospel Publishing House 54 W. 22d St., New York.

6 Gospel Trumpet Co Anderson, Ind,

1 Gould, W. Reid I39 Nassau St., New York.

499 Government Printing Office Washington, D. C.

4 Grafton Publishing Co Los Angeles, Cal.

Graham, A. J., & Co H35 Broadway, New York.

6 Graham & Matlack 251 W. 19th St, New York.

3 Greaves Publishing Co Tribune Bldg., New York.

1 Green & Hopson Springfield, Mass.

11 Griffith & Rowland Press 1701-3 Chestnut St., Philadelphia.

1 Grolier Club 29 E. 32d St., New York.

8 Grosset & Dunlap 518 W. 26th St., New York.

1 Grover, Frank Reed Chicago.

2 Gurley, W. & L. E. Troy, N. Y.

3 Hammond, C. S., & Co 30 Church St., New York.

9 Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute Hampton, Va.

1 Hansell, F. F., & Brother, Ltd 537-539 Baronne St., New Orleans,. La.

2 Harman, E. F., & Co Chicago.

78 Harper & Bros Franklin Sq., New York.

5 Harriman, Alice, Co 542 5th Ave., New York.

2 Harrison Co 50 E. Hunter St., Atlanta, Ga.

1 Harrison Nurseries Berlin, Md.

Harrison, R. D., Pub. Co Indianapolis, Ind.

1 Harrison Safety Boiler Works Philadelphia.

4 Hart, Charles Henry 4717 Chester Ave., Philadelphia.

1 Harvard Co-operative Society Cambridge, Mass.

2 Harvard University Cambridge, Mass.

1 Harvard University Library Cambridge, Mass.

1 Harwell Press Lewiston, Me.

1 Hauser, J. G New Orleans, La.

2 Hauser Printing Co New Orleans, La.

1 Hauser-Jones Printing Co Buffalo, N. Y.

2 Hayworth Publishing House Washington, D. C.

63 Heath, D. C, & Co 120 Boylston St., Boston.


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Page:The wealth of nations, volume 3.djvu/205

 Reformation began in Germany, and soon spread themselves through every part of Europe. The new doctrines were everywhere received with a high degree of popular favor. They were propagated with all that enthusiastic zeal which commonly animates the spirit of party, when it attacks established authority. The teachers of those doctrines, though perhaps in other respects not more learned than many of the divines who defended the established church, seem in general to have been better acquainted with ecclesiastical history, and with the origin and progress of that system of opinions upon which the authority of the church was established, and they had thereby some advantage in almost every dispute. The austerity of their manners gave them authority with the common people, who contrasted the strict regularity of their conduct with the disorderly lives of the greater part of their own clergy. They possessed, too, in a much higher degree than their adversaries, all the arts of popularity and of gaining proselytes, arts which the lofty and dignified sons of the church had long neglected, as being to them in a great measure useless. The reason of the new doctrines recommended them to some, their novelty to many; the hatred and contempt of the established clergy to a still greater number; but the zealous, passionate, and fanatical, though frequently coarse and rustic, eloquence with which they were almost everywhere inculcated, recommended them to by far the greatest number.

The success of the new doctrines was almost everywhere so great, that the princes who at that time happened to be on bad terms with the court of Rome, were by means of them easily enabled, in their own dominions, to overturn the church, which, having lost the respect and veneration


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Toledo.

Kreig Bros. (Catholic)

Lasalle & Koch Co. (D. S.)

Lion Dry Goods Co. (D. S.)

Milner, W. L., & Co. (D. S.)

Perry & Bartley. (Church Goods)

Slocum Pub. Co., 218 13th St.

Warren.—11,081.

Kneeland Bros.

Otting, E. H. (S-h.)

Wilmington.—4,491.

Hildebrandt, Jeff.

Wooster.—6,136.

Burkholder, G. W.

Rice, W. E., Agt.

University Book Exchange, J. F. Guy, Mgr.

Xenia.—8,706.

Chew, J. P.

West, R. C.

Zells Book Store.

Youngstown.—79,066.

Euwer's, J. N., Sons Co. (D. S.)

Lewis, B. G.

McKelvey, Geo. M., Co. (D. S.)

McNally, John A. (D. S.)

Stone, Geo. H.

Zanesville.—28,926.

Conaway, F. F.

Edmiston Book & Sta. Co.

Fox, Geo. R.

Jermy, William.

Sturtevant, H. H., Co. (D. S.)

Ardmore.—8,618.

Coleman. T. N. (Educa.)

City Drug Store.

Hayes, Morgan J.

Wall, J. B.

Chickasha.—10,320.

Durant.—

Dunlap, R. A.

Durant Book Store, T. B. Gill, Prop.

Enid.—13,799.

Chester, J. M. & Sons.

Eggleston, H. M.

Parker Bookstore.

University Book Store.

Guthrie.—11,654.

Oklahoma Book Co. (Educa.)

Tyler, A. P.

Kingfisher.—2,538.

Lott Bros.


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 of the inferior ranks of people, could make scarce any resistance. The court of Rome had disobliged some of the smaller princes in the northern parts of Germany, whom it had probably considered as too insignificant to be worth the managing. They universally, therefore, established the Reformation in their own dominions. The tyranny of Christiern II. and of Troll, Archbishop of Upsal, enabled Gustavus Vasa to expel them both from Sweden. The Pope favored the tyrant and the archbishop, and Gustavus Vasa found no difficulty in establishing the Reformation in Sweden. Christiern II. was afterward deposed from the throne of Denmark, where his conduct had rendered him as odious as in Sweden. The Pope, however, was still disposed to favor him, and Frederic of Holstein, who had mounted the throne in his stead, revenged himself by following the example of Gustavus Vasa. The magistrates of Berne and Zurich, who had no particular quarrel with the Pope, established with great ease the Reformation in their respective cantons, where just before some of the clergy had, by an imposture somewhat grosser than ordinary, rendered the whole order both odious and contemptible.

In this critical situation of its affairs, the papal court was at sufficient pains to cultivate the friendship of the powerful sovereigns of France and Spain, of whom the latter was at that time emperor of Germany. With their assistance it was enabled, though not without great difficulty and much bloodshed, either to suppress altogether, or to obstruct very much the progress of the Reformation in their dominions. It was well enough inclined, too, to be complaisant to the king of England. But from the circumstances of the times, it could not be so without giving offence to a still greater sovereign, Charles V., king of Spain and emperor of Ger-


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 many. Henry VIII. accordingly, though he did not embrace himself the greater part of the doctrines of the Reformation, was yet enabled, by their general prevalence, to suppress all the monasteries, and to abolish the authority of the Church of Rome in his dominions. That he should go so far, though he went no further, gave some satisfaction to the patrons of the Reformation, who, having got possession of the government in the reign of his son and successor, completed without any difficulty the work which Henry VIII. had begun.

In some countries, as in Scotland, where the government was weak, unpopular, and not very firmly established, the Reformation was strong enough to overturn, not only the Church, but the State likewise, for attempting to support the Church.

Among the followers of the Reformation, dispersed in all the different countries of Europe, there was no general tribunal, which, like that of the court of Rome, or an ecumenical council, could settle all disputes among them, and with irresistible authority prescribe to all of them the precise limits of orthodoxy. When the followers of the Reformation in one country, therefore, happened to differ from their brethren in another, as they had no common judge to appeal to, the dispute could never be decided; and many such disputes arose among them. Those concerning the government of the church, and the right of conferring ecclesiastical benefices, were perhaps the most interesting to the peace and welfare of civil society. They gave birth accordingly to the two principal parties or sects among the followers of the Reformation, the Lutheran and Calvinistic sects, the only sects among them, of which the doctrine and discipline have ever yet been established by law in any part of Europe.


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 Indiana

Darlington, Frank G. James Whitcomb Riley.

—Fairbanks, C. W. Miscellaneous.

—Holliday, John H., 1121 N. Meridian St. Indiana books, mainly historical; Civil War; Journalism; Freemasonry.

—Howe, Daniel W. Indiana history.

—Howe, Thomas C., Butler College. German literature; Education.

—Jameson, Ovid. Miscellaneous.

—Moores, Charles W. Lincoln.

—Nicholson, Meredith.

—Stout, W. H., Central Lyceum Bureau. History; Political Science; Socialism; Lincoln; Washington; Indiana; Books by Indiana authors.

—Tarkington, Booth. Miscellaneous.

—Watkins, O. L. Wordsworth.

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—Wilson, Midford B., 1310 N. Delaware St. History, Biography.

Armstrong, Mrs. A. F., 406 E. Sycamore.

—Bryant, T. O., 409 E. Walnut St. General.

—Choate, Rev. C. W., 504 E. Walnut.

—Doyon, Major M. R., 308 W. Walnut.

—Harrison, Timothy, 217 So. Lindsay. General.

—Hoss, L. C, 802 E. Sycamore. General.

—Hoss, P. E., 309 E. Walnut. General.

—Kirkpatrick, L. J., 1210 E. Jefferson.

—Parr, Dr. W. D., 700 W. Walnut.

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—Ruddell, Richard, 404 W. Sycamore. General.

—Russell, E. E., 402 E. Walnut. General.

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—Vrooman, H. W., 505 E. Walnut. Dickens.

Rose F. D. First editions; English literature.

Carleton, Mrs. Emma N. Old books.

—Dowling, Judge Alexander.

—Kerr, Samuel B.

—Stotsenberg, Evan B.

Bailey, Mrs. Bruce.

—Baker, Harry J., 1136 S. 6th St. English novelists.

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Breaks, Dr. L. Z., 26 S. 7th St. History.

—Combs, Dr. C. N., 128 S. 6th St. Medicine.

—Cooper, Jas. A., 311 S. 5th St.

—Curry, Charles M., 1004 6th Ave. Literature.

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—Herz, Milton, 673 Swan.

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—Hulman, H., Sr., 657 Ohio. Catholic books.

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—McKeen, Frank, 705 S. Sth.

—McLean, Mrs. W. E., 700 S. 7th St. Art; Literature; Nature.

—Mees, C. L., 2209 N. 9th St. Science.

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—Shaley, Dr. F. W., 664 Mulberry. History; Classics.

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—Weaver, Dr. Odell, 1524 S. 7th St.

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—Newton, Rev. Jos., 1269 4th Ave.

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McVey, A. H. Biography; Belles Lettres.

—Comfort, Wm. E. ''English literature, poetry and drama; Geo. Meredith, first editions.''

Beyer, C. W. H.

—Spaulding, Mrs. E. H. De luxe books.

Fitzpatrick, T. J. Iowana; Constantine Smalts Refinesque; History (midwestern); Botany; Mathematics; Mississippi Valley.

Boardman, C. H. E., 405. E. Main St.


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 The followers of Luther, together with what is called the Church of England, preserved more or less of the episcopal government, established subordination among the clergy, gave the sovereign the disposal of all the bishoprics, and other consistorial benefices within his dominions, and thereby rendered him the real head of the church; and without depriving the bishop of the right of collating to the smaller benefices within his diocese, they, even to those benefices, not only admitted, but favored the right of presentation both in the sovereign and in all other lay patrons. This system of church government was from the beginning favorable to peace and good order, and to submission to the civil sovereign. It has never, accordingly, been the occasion of any tumult or civil commotion in any country in which it has once been established. The Church of England, in particular, has always valued herself, with great reason, upon the unexceptionable loyalty of her principles. Under such a government the clergy naturally endeavored to recommend themselves to the sovereign, to the court, and to the nobility and gentry of the country, by whose influence they chiefly expect to obtain preferment. They pay court to those patrons, sometimes, no doubt, by the vilest flattery and assentation, but frequently, too, by cultivating all those arts which best deserve, and which are therefore most likely to gain them the esteem of people of rank and fortune; by their knowledge in all the different branches of useful and ornamental learning, by the decent liberality of their manners, by the social good humor of their conversation, and by their avowed contempt of those absurd and hypocritical austerities which fanatics inculcate and pretend to practice, in order to draw upon themselves the veneration, and


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34 Frank to glance up at the sky again. With remarkable rapidity, the huge cloud he had previously noticed had spread over the entire sky, causing gloom to spread over the bay. A few white caps were apparent on the surface of the water and there was a splatter of rain.

"Guess we'd better turn back," he said, turning to the others.

"Why, what's the matter?" asked Callie.

"Storm coming up."

The girls had been so intent on the chase that they had not noticed the lowering clouds, but now Callie gave a murmur of astonishment.

"Why, it's going to pour! And I haven't brought my slicker with me. We'll be drenched."

"But what about Biff and Chet?" exclaimed Iola.

"I think they'll turn back too when they see what they're heading into," replied Frank. "It looks like a bad storm."

As though in corroboration of his words, a sheet of lightning and a violent clap of thunder heralded the beginning of the downpour. The wind came in from the sea with a violence that surprised them, came whistling down across the bay over a wide line of tossing white-caps, driving before it a leaden wall of rain.

The two motorboats in the lead were blotted from view, although Frank had seen that Tony

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Rh Prito was already turning back before the gloomy wall of rain hid him from sight. Slowly, he brought the motorboat around.

The moaning of the wind rose in volume. Waves slapped at the sides of the boat. White spray rose above the bows. The sky was black. The speeding craft fled before the oncoming storm.

But the wall of rain swept down upon them with a whistle and a howl. The streaming sheets of water poured from the dark sky, whirled onward by the raging wind. The boat rocked in the tossing waves.

Frank crouched at the helm, his jaw set, his face stern. The girls huddled in the stern, seeking protection from the sudden downpour.

Joe found a sheet of tarpaulin in a locker, and gave it to the two girls, who draped it over their heads, and it afforded them some shelter. The boat was swaying madly as it ran on through the huge waves that surged on every side.

Frank could scarcely see Bayport ahead through the blinding rain and gloom.

"Where is the other boat?" shouted Joe, above the clamor of the storm.

Frank looked back.

Tony Prito's boat had disappeared. Frank wondered how the other boys were faring. He had every confidence that Tony would make

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130 lady resisted an almost uncontrollable destre to laugh aloud. "And do you go to the opera?" she said.

"I've been to see some of the things that you went to," confessed the girl. "You've been so good about letting me off."

"Where do you sit?"

"Of course, I have to sit up pretty high, but I always try to get on the side opposite your box. I can't really see much of you, Miss Threnstone, and so I hope you won't think I have been inquisitive or taking liberties, but I could see the gentlemen going in and coming out."

"Mary," said her mistress, "you're perfectly delicious! I don't think you'd have much trouble in talking to those men. I shall really have to take you some day. But no; that would trouble you, probably. You'll have to go alone. I suppose, now, you really listen, and watch the stage."

"Why, of course—yes. Don't you?"

"Well, sometimes, when the men aren't interesting, and they often aren't. By the way, perhaps you know some of the men, too—one can never tell nowadays."

"Oh, no, indeed, Miss Threnstone—you're joking, of course!"

"But you've seen some of them here," persisted Miss Threnstone; "you know them by sight, at any rate. Tell me, what do you think of Mr. Sentinel? This is positively indecent of me! I suppose some ladies do gossip with their maids, and I never thought of myself in that class—but really, you know, this is simply too thrilling!"

"Do you really want me to say, Miss Threnstone?"

"Oh, I'm in for it now," said her mistress. "Yes, please."

"Well—I don't think he has a sense of humor," asserted the girl.

For the first time in months Miss Threnstone shouted with laughter. "Now, where, in heaven's name, did you get that phrase?" she asked, as soon as was possible.

"Why, I read it in the 'Nightin-gale, said Mary, not without a puzzled sense of having made a better shot than she had intended.

"Now, Mary, do you mean to say that you have read the 'Nightingale? Miss Threnstone said, wiping her eyes. "Why, you're absolutely bewildering. See here! you've been to the opera and listened, a thing I haven't done for years; you could tell by his looks that Mr. Sentinel hadn't a sense of humor, and I was so busy flirting with him that it took me three dinners and a house-party to find it out—and you've read all the books everyone is talking about—you have even read the 'Nightingale' and—quote it! Why, there aren't ten girls in town that have such a record! You ought to be the lady and I the maid."

"Oh, Miss Threnstone," said Mary, laughing too, "the idea! How impossible!"

"Do you mean that I wouldn't be able to make a good maid?"

"Oh, I'm sure you're clever enough to do anything you try, and there's nothing very difficult about being a maid. You only have to not see things and not hear things and not say things and not laugh"

"Why, that's just what I've been doing all the Winter, Mary."

"And keep your temper"

"That's easy; it's never worth while to care."

"And keep on the good side of the butler"

"Really! But I am on the good side of Thompson already."

Miss Threnstone was positively amused; and now, looking for the reason, she saw the climax approaching which her soul loved. It was the mevitable logical conclusion to this train of thought. She and Mary should change places! So now she played with the little sensation, wishing it were practicable to carry out such an amusing drama—that part, rather, which involved Mary; she had no desire for such a violent change in her own environment. Were she to "take up" her own maid it would shock her friends and make a deal of talk, but that didn't matter if Mary

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204

stone and argillaceous slate likewise are seen running in great strata through some of the mountains. The latter is commonly found in great quantity, and broken pieces, on the sea beeches, and is what our seamen call shingle, by which name it is distinguished in the account of captain Cook's former voyage. On these beaches we also met with several sorts of flinty stones and pebbles, and some loose pieces of black, compact, and ponderous basaltes, of which the natives form some of their short clubs, called pattoo-pattoos. In many places we likewise saw strata of a blackish saxum Lin. consisting of a black and compact mica or glimmer, intermixed with minute particles of quartz. The argillaceous slate is sometimes found of a rusty colour, which seems evidently to rise from irony particles; and from this circumstance, and the variety of minerals just enumerated, there is great reason to suppose that this part of New Zeeland contains iron ore, and perhaps several other metallic bodies. Before we left this place, we found some small pieces of a whitish pumice-stone on the sea-shore, which, together with the basaltine lava, strongly confirm the existence of volcanoes in New Zeeland.

On the 23d in the morning, two small canoes came towards us, in which were five men of the natives, the first we had seen since the arrival of our sloop in this harbour. Their appearance was nearly the same as that


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 up, you see, to this tremendous relief I've brought him. I've brought him, I've given him, I've introduced him to, the Future. So there we are!" Ralph gloried.

His companion, though visibly impressed, appeared a little to wonder where indeed they were. Then this wonder found voice. "How could you bring him what you didn't have yourself?"

Ralph needed but a moment to consider. "Why, I am the Future. The Future, that is, for him; which means the Present, don't you see?"

"The Present, I see, for me!" his host, fairly flushed with divination, broke in.

"Yes," Ralph promptly returned, "nothing could do more beautifully than your Present, not to say, literally, your presence, for the Future he has waited so long, poor dear chap, to know about."

"What it comes to then," the Ambassador considered in all apparent sympathy—"what it comes to in fine," this functionary smoked, "is that I and my contemporaries are his Future."

Ralph accepted the conclusion. "It would come to that if he could get into relation with you."

It might have been by reason of something conveyed in his visitor's tone that the Ambassador said: "With me in particular you mean?"

Ralph met it handsomely. "Ah I could wish nothing better for him than you!"

"And nothing better for me than him?" 102


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8


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 phénomènes de la Vie, and abides in much of modern physiology. Inherited from Hegel, it dominated Oken's Naturphilosophie and lingered among his later disciples, who were wont to liken the course of organic evolution not to the straggling branches of a tree, but to the building of a temple, divinely planned, and the crowning of it with its polished minarets.

It is retained, somewhat crudely, in modern embryology, by those who see in the early processes of growth a significance "rather prospective than retrospective," such that the embryonic phenomena must be "referred directly to their usefulness in building the body of the future animal ":—which is no more, and no less, than to say, with Aristotle, that the organism is the τέλος, or final cause, of its own processes of generation and development. It is writ large in that Entelechy which Driesch rediscovered, and which he made known to many who had neither learned of it from Aristotle, nor studied it with Leibniz, nor laughed at it with Voltaire. And, though it is in a very curious way, we are told that teleology was "refounded, reformed or rehabilitated " by Darwin's theory of natural selection, whereby "every variety of form and colour was urgently and absolutely called upon to produce its title to existence either as an active useful agent, or as a survival" of such active usefulness in the past. But in this last, and very important case, we have reached a "teleology" without a τέλος,


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Rh “Nay, not by me,” her master said,
 * “Shall sweet Kathleen be sold.

“We loved her in the place of one
 * The Lord hath early ta’en;

But, since her heart ’s in Ireland,
 * We give her back again!”

Oh, for that same the saints in heaven
 * For his poor soul shall pray,

And Mary Mother wash with tears
 * His heresies away.

Sure now they dwell in Ireland;
 * As you go up Claremore

Ye ’ll see their castle looking down
 * The pleasant Galway shore.

And the old lord’s wife is dead and gone,
 * And a happy man is he,

For he sits beside his own Kathleen,
 * With her darling on his knee.

The incident upon which this poem is based is related in a note to Bernardin Henri Saint Pierre’s Etudes de la Nature.

“We arrived at the habitation of the Hermits a little before they sat down to their table, and while they were still at church. J. J. Rousseau proposed to me to offer up our devotions. The hermits were reciting the Litanies of Providence, which are remarkably beautiful. After we had addressed our prayers to God, and the hermits were proceeding to the refectory, Rousseau said to me, with his heart overflowing, ‘At this moment I experience what is said in the gospel: Where two or three are gathered together in my name, there am I in the midst of them. There is here a feeling of peace and happiness which penetrates the soul.’ I said, ‘If Fénelon had lived, you would have been a Catholic.’ He exclaimed, with tears in his eyes, ‘Oh, if Fénelon were alive, I would struggle to get into his service, even as a lackey!’ ”

In my sketch of Saint Pierre, it will be seen that I have somewhat antedated the period of his old age. At that time he was not probably more than fifty. In describing him, I have by no means exaggerated his own history of his mental condition at the period of the story. In the fragmentary Sequel to his Studies of Nature, he thus speaks of himself: “The ingratitude of those of whom I had deserved kindness, unexpected family misfortunes, the total loss of my small patrimony through enterprises solely undertaken for the benefit of my country, the debts under which I lay oppressed, the blasting of all my hopes,—these combined calamities made dreadful inroads upon my health and reason…. I found it impossible to continue in a room where there was company, especially if the doors were shut. I could not even cross an alley in a public garden, if several persons had got together in it. When alone, my malady subsided. I felt myself likewise at ease in places where I saw children only. At the sight of any one walking up to the place where I was, I felt my whole frame agitated, and retired. I often said to myself, ‘My sole study has been to merit well of mankind; why do I fear them?’ ”

He attributes his improved health of mind and body to the counsels of his friend, J. J. Rousseau. “I renounced,” says he, “my books.


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285* , Peter,, , , , birth, , ; life , ; writings, , ; socialism, , , pacifism, , , , , ; mysticism, ; withdrawal, , making fun of the Auditor , making fun of the Church of Rome, f, death,.

Christ, his perfection,, , ; law of love, , , ,  , , , , , , ,  ; sovereignty, , , , , , ; origin of his authority, ; imitation of, , covenant relation,.

Christian virtues; Abstension from authority,, , , , ; love: , , ; pacifism, ; prohibition of exercise of authority over other Christians, , , , ; personal discipline, , , ; reconciliation, , , , ; excel pagans in their ethic,.

Christianity, its perversion,, , , , , , , , , , , , ,.

 * and the state,, , , ,

Christians: poverty,, taxation, ; martyrs, , , , , , , , , ; among non-Christians, f, ,–, , , , , , ,.

,, , , , , ;.

Church Fathers & Doctors,, , , , , , ,.

Church of Rome: its false authority:, , ; corruption, , , , , ; institutionalism, , , ; parasitic clergy, ; power and wealth: , , , ; , , ,. .

,,.

,, , , , , , , , ,  –, , , ,.

Conscience, ,–,, , , ,.

Conscription, ,

Constantine, Emperor,, , , , , , , , , , ,.

Courts & Lawsuits,, , , , ,.

Covenant Relationship,.

Customs,.

Cyprian, St., ;.

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 talent for reproducing the current ideals has certainly been the safer exercise. 'The fact cannot be too strongly emphasised that whatever special knowledge we had, whatever was new to the world of letters or disquieting to private life, women writers kept to themselves as successfully as did the Egyptian women buried thirty centuries ago beneath those tons of granite whereon men graved their version of the ended story.

Of one form of testimonial man has been chary. Often touchingly ready to invest some woman with every gentle virtue, he has usually made an exception of humour. Some show of excuse he has had from two causes. Humour is of humble origin, ethically speaking, and seems to have been sired by cruelty—the pleasure in another's pain or loss of dignity that found diversion in the ruder kinds of horseplay. Not improbably woman's natural sympathy and her sheltering compassion may have prevented her from sharing the bumpkin view of comedy which, in the spacious times behind us, found in Jew-baiting and insanity side-splitting entertainments. Woman may be pardoned for wondering if it may not have been in part her humaner instinct about some of the stock jokes of the race that earned her the reputation of a constitutional lack of humour.

In these slightly more enlightened days, when the less inarticulate—called by men "the exceptional woman"— has been allowed this quality of humour

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 so long withheld, she has taken her "exceptionalness" here, as elsewhere, on trust. For any wide knowledge of her own sex is, perhaps, the newest of all woman's acquisitions, Almost every woman has known certain men very well indeed. Other women have been, even for her, the enigma they remained to men.

Now we begin to see that this same sense of humour—being a "small-arm," light, and adapted to delicate handling—seems to be an even commoner blade in the feminine armoury than in that loftier hall where are ranged the heavy artillery—the crossbows and blunderbusses of the other sex.

But since woman's field of action has been the home, she found out millenniums ago that humour there makes for success only under the strictest rules.

She has learned to welcome it as a sign of unbending in her lord. She has even cultivated it (in him) by a process, pelican-like, of offering her own breast; or, to modify the figure, she made her contribution to the domestic cheer by submitting herself to be the target for his pleasantry.

She must have early seen how, when the bow is in the other hand, and her arrow finds him out, the point is so little appreciated that she has been fain to give up marksmanship.

If she needed consoling for the resultant rumour of her lack of skill, she has found it in the reflection that no man has ever been known to long for humour

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 in his nearest relations, least of all in the wife of his bosom.

The notion that woman is without this faculty is merely one of the many ways in which men advertise her success in keeping her mental processes to herself. A slave's accomplishment, perhaps. Certainly women have learnt few lessons as well.

What wonder that the age we live in is significant and revolutionary beyond any other, since for the first time since civilisation's dawn the world is beginning—barely beginning—to be told what the secretive half of the human race really thinks and feels.

That we are not monkeys disporting ourselves in trees is due, so say the wise, to the home-making proclivities of one branch of the anthropoid family. This home-making proclivity was nothing else than the female's instinct to provide the best possible environment for her young—an added tenderness for those weakest breeding in her an added inventiver ness.

This was the frail-seeming but sure foundation on which arose the many mansions of human achievement.

A case might be made out by anyone so foolish as to wish to divide responsibility and to apportion merit—a case to prove that civilisation is peculiarly women's affair. Certainly we fail to see how the upbuilding of the race could have come about without its passing through two phases, which owed their initiation not to masculine but to

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 nine development. These two aspects of the same significant tendency were:—

1. The woman's giving up of brute competition (where she excelled, be it remembered);

2. Her specialising in the home (accepting the yoke of silence and of service).

Woman purchased civilisation at the price of her individual liberty.

When our immemorial forefathers and foremothers lived in cave and tree-crotch, the female asked no consideration and got no quarter, not even in the performance of her vital function—she had no need of either. She was (in spite of the drain on her physical resources) quite equal to the task of taking care of both herself and her progeny.

So well able was she to bear the double burden—this major share in the perpetuation of the species—that where it was a question of protecting her young, she was accounted a foe more terrible than any male of her kind.

No nonsense in those days about her being the weaker sex.

No hint of her being a creature for whom special allowances must be made—till she, the first specialist, began to specialise. Not till she gave up gambolling in the airy leafage and took to making a home; to nursing not alone the young, but the sick and the

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40 I threw my eyes upon the works of nature, which spake to all my senses a language which neither time nor nations have it in their power to alter. Thenceforth my histories and my journals were the herbage of the fields and meadows. My thoughts did not go forth painfully after them, as in the case of human systems; but their thoughts, under a thousand engaging forms, quietly sought me. In these I studied, without effort, the laws of that Universal Wisdom which had surrounded me from the cradle, but on which heretofore I had bestowed little attention.”

Speaking of Rousseau, he says: “I derived inexpressible satisfaction from his society. What I prized still more than his genius was his probity. He was one of the few literary characters, tried in the furnace of affliction, to whom you could, with perfect security, confide your most secret thoughts…. Even when he deviated, and became the victim of himself or of others, he could forget his own misery in devotion to the welfare of mankind. He was uniformly the advocate of the miserable. There might be inscribed on his tomb these affecting words from that Book of which he carried always about him some select passages, during the last years of his life: His sins, which are many, are forgiven, for he loved much.”

“ believe, and yet, in grief, I pray for help to unbelief; For needful strength aside to lay The daily cumberings of my way.

“I ’m sick at heart of craft and cant, Sick of the crazed enthusiast’s rant, Profession’s smooth hypocrisies, And creeds of iron, and lives of ease.

“I ponder o’er the sacred word, I read the record of our Lord; And, weak and troubled, envy them Who touched His seamless garment’s hem;

“Who saw the tears of love He wept Above the grave where Lazarus slept; And heard, amidst the shadows dim Of Olivet, His evening hymn.

“How blessed the swineherd’s low estate, The beggar crouching at the gate, The leper loathly and abhorred, Whose eyes of flesh beheld the Lord!

“O sacred soil His sandals pressed! Sweet fountains of His noonday rest! O light and air of Palestine, Impregnate with His life divine!

“Oh, bear me thither! Let me look On Siloa’s pool, and Kedron’s brook; Kneel at Gethsemane, and by Gennesaret walk, before I die!

“Methinks this cold and northern night Would melt before that Orient light; And, wet by Hermon’s dew and rain, My childhood’s faith revive again!”

So spake my friend, one autumn day, Where the still river slid away Beneath us, and above the brown Red curtains of the woods shut down.

Then said I,—for I could not brook The mute appealing of his look,— “I too am weak, and faith is small, And blindness happeneth unto all.

“Yet sometimes glimpses on my sight, Through present wrong, the eternal right; And, step by step, since time began, I see the steady gain of man;

“That all of good the past hath had Remains to make our own time glad, Our common daily life divine, And every land a Palestine.

“Thou weariest of thy present state; What gain to thee time’s holiest date? The doubter now perchance had been As High Priest or as Pilate then!

“What thought Chorazin’s scribes? What faith In Him had Nain and Nazareth? Of the few followers whom He led One sold Him,—all forsook and lied.

“O friend! we need nor rock nor sand, Nor storied stream of Morning-Land; The heavens are glassed in Merrimac,— What more could Jordan render back?

“We lack but open eye and ear To find the Orient’s marvels here; The still small voice in autumn’s hush, Yon maple wood the burning bush.

“For still the new transcends the old, In signs and tokens manifold;


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Rh Slaves rise up men; the olive waves, With roots deep set in battle graves!

“Through the harsh noises of our day A low, sweet prelude finds its way; Through clouds of doubt, and creeds of fear, A light is breaking, calm and clear.

“That song of Love, now low and far, Erelong shall swell from star to star! That light, the breaking day, which tips The golden-spired Apocalypse!”

Then, when my good friend shook his head, And, sighing, sadly smiled, I said: “Thou mind’st me of a story told In rare Bernardin’s leaves of gold.”

And while the slanted sunbeams wove The shadows of the frost-stained grove, And, picturing all, the river ran O’er cloud and wood, I thus began:—

In Mount Valerien’s chestnut wood The Chapel of the Hermits stood; And thither, at the close of day, Came two old pilgrims, worn and gray.

One, whose impetuous youth defied The storms of Baikal’s wintry side, And mused and dreamed where tropic day Flamed o’er his lost Virginia’s bay.

His simple tale of love and woe All hearts had melted, high or low;— A blissful pain, a sweet distress, Immortal in its tenderness.

Yet, while above his charmëd page Beat quick the young heart of his age, He walked amidst the crowd unknown, A sorrowing old man, strange and lone.

A homeless, troubled age,—the gray Pale setting of a weary day; Too dull his car for voice of praise, Too sadly worn his brow for bays.

Pride, lust of power and glory, slept; Yet still his heart its young dream kept, And, wandering like the deluge-dove, Still sought the resting-place of love.

And, mateless, childless, envied more The peasant’s welcome from his door By smiling eyes at eventide, Than kingly gifts or lettered pride.

Until, in place of wife and child, All-pitying Nature on him smiled, And gave to him the golden keys To all her inmost sanctities.

Mild Druid of her wood-paths dim! She laid her great heart bare to him, Its loves and sweet accords;—he saw The beauty of her perfect law.

The language of her signs he knew, What notes her cloudy clarion blew; The rhythm of autumn’s forest dyes, The hymn of sunset’s painted skies.

And thus he seemed to hear the song Which swept, of old, the stars along; And to his eyes the earth once more Its fresh and primal beauty wore.

Who sought with him, from summer air, And field and wood, a balm for care, And bathed in light of sunset skies His tortured nerves and weary eyes?

His fame on all the winds had flown; His words had shaken crypt and throne; Like fire on camp and court and cell They dropped, and kindled as they fell.

Beneath the pomps of state, below The mitred juggler’s masque and show, A prophecy, a vague hope, ran His burning thought from man to man.

For peace or rest too well he saw The fraud of priests, the wrong of law, And felt how hard, between the two, Their breath of pain the millions drew.

A prophet-utterance, strong and wild, The weakness of an unweaned child, A sun-bright hope for human-kind, And self-despair, in him combined.

He loathed the false, yet lived not true To half the glorious truths he knew; The doubt, the discord, and the sin, He mourned without, he felt within.


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should be more to the student than a mere succession of personages and events; it should have meaning, it should enlighten, as well, Although the whole truth of historical data can not often be arrived at, a course of historical study should afford as much interpretation of facts as modern historical criticism can offer. "The roots of the present lie deep in the past"; and unless history shows causation, unless it at least partially explains the significance of events, it has little practical value. Much of the meaning of history must be obtained from thoughtful reading, and it is the function of a study outline to guide such reading and to suggest its interpretation by means of both organization and terminology. The topics of the accompanying outline, therefore, have been arranged with a view to provoking thought and inquiry rather than to providing a complete synopsis of subject matter.

Furthermore, topics otherwise interesting but which would seem to bear no direct relation to the main theme of the present outline have been omitted. This has made possible the construction of a logical and consistent outline, which begins with a brief review of ancient times, introduces more detail as the subject progresses, and continues with constant crescendo to the present day. Very recent events, while often of great importance, are still so difficult of evaluation, that a more extended examination of them than that indicated in the outline would scarcely be profitable.

The topical material included in this study outline has therefore been selected with the object of showing origins, transitions, and movements—in a word, the lines of development of human institutions. To this end, it has not been practicable to adhere strictly to chronological treatment of the subject matter, but instead a topical method has been largely used, care being taken to preserve a feeling of historical continuity to the greatest possible degree. Thus, the main topics are arranged to show a general time sequence, while within these the unit topics are arranged in logical rather than in chronological fashion.

The author is fully sensible of the limitations of this or any other


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 study outline, but he believes that the present organization of the wide field is a practicable way of approaching the subject matter of European history. The outline is a by-product of the author's own teaching, and he ventures to believe that it may be found useful in courses where the emphasis is to be placed on the modern era.

Thanks are due to Mr. Josiah C. Russell, Instructor in History in Harvard University, for aid in verifying the references in the syllabus.


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Rh sex.” Similarly, Stephens argues that sex and gender identity are necessarily intertwined: “By definition, a transgender person is someone who lives and identifies with a sex different than the sex assigned to the person at birth.”

It is curious to see this argument in an opinion that purports to apply the purest and highest form of textualism because the argument effectively amends the statutory text. Title VII prohibits discrimination because of sex itself, not everything that is related to, based on, or defined with reference to, “sex.” Many things are related to sex. Think of all the nouns other than “orientation” that are commonly modified by the adjective “sexual.” Some examples yielded by a quick computer search are “sexual harassment,” “sexual assault, “sexual violence,” “sexual intercourse,” and “sexual content.”

Does the Court really think that Title VII prohibits discrimination on all these grounds? Is it unlawful for an employer to refuse to hire an employee with a record of sexual harassment in prior jobs? Or a record of sexual assault or violence?

To be fair, the Court does not claim that Title VII prohibits discrimination because of everything that is related to sex. The Court draws a distinction between things that are “inextricably” related and those that are related in “some vague sense.” Ante, at 10. Apparently the Court would graft onto Title VII some arbitrary line separating the things that are related closely enough and those that are not. And it would do this in the name of high textualism.


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very generally maintained that, for best results, the use of notebooks is essential in history work. Tei is, In any case, well established that poor notebooks and note-taking methods are often worse than none. The following proved methods will be found useful in obtaining good results.

1. Size and Variety of Notebooks. The notebook for history use should always be of the loose-leaf, side-opening variety, accommodating paper 5 by 8 inches, 6 by 9 inches, or 8½ by 11 inches in size—these being standard filing sizes. The 5 by 8 inches size is recommended to students whose writing is of average size.

2. Arrangement of Notes. Only one side of the page should be used for note taking.

Notes may be written along the longer dimension of the sheet to good advantage. This contributes to the leaving of a substantial margin on the left-hand side of every sheet. This margin may be used for the noting of sources and pages of reading on which notes are based, and the main headings of topics on which notes are taken. The margin thus forms an index to the entire body of notes, and it should be used as such.

Notes should always be written in ink. Notes taken with pencil almost invariably blur, and frequently become illegible.

Notes may be taken in summary (paragraph) form or in outline form. The former is much to be preferred. If the latter style is used, the outline should be made to give actual information which will be of material assistance in reviewing the work.

A standard filing box or cabinet is recommended as a depository for notes as they are removed from the notebook. These may be easily indexed and kept for ready and permanent reference.


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 A wide margin on the right-hand side of the note sheet is particularly valuable when work is being done involving any degree of research. This margin should be used for the student's comments on and interpretation of the notes on the body of the page, which are usually quotations, excerpts, or digests of important data. This margin should occupy perhaps one-fourth or more of the entire page, and when employed as suggested, it greatly simplifies the writing of papers or articles based on the notes taken.

3. Content and Organization of Notes. Notes in course will usually include:

There should ordinarily be no duplication of materials. Marginal jottings (cross references) in the notebook will indicate more than one place where the same data may be found. Notes should ordinarily not be taken on textbook material, inasmuch as it is assumed that the text is always at hand for reference.

Notes should preferably be organized under the topic assigned for study, and should always indicate whether they are based on lectures or collateral reading.

The margins of note pages should, as a rule, show a complete record of the reading done outside of the textbook in connection with the subject.

4. Value of the Notebook. A number of purposes are served by the history notebook:

It is hardly necessary to point out to the conscientious student that a notebook reflects the character and habits of its owner, and is one of the most infallible indications of the student's attitude toward learning.


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14 An additional argument made in passing also fights the text of Title VII and the policy it reflects. The Court proclaims that “[a]n individual’s homosexuality or transgender status is not relevant to employment decisions.” Ante, at 9. That is the policy view of many people in 2020, and perhaps Congress would have amended Title VII to implement it if this Court had not intervened. But that is not the policy embodied in Title VII in its current form. Title VII prohibits discrimination based on five specified grounds, and neither sexual orientation nor gender identity is on the list. As long as an employer does not discriminate based on one of the listed grounds, the employer is free to decide for itself which characteristics are “relevant to [its] employment decisions.” Ibid. By proclaiming that sexual orientation and gender identity are “not relevant to employment decisions,” the Court updates Title VII to reflect what it regards as 2020 values.

The Court’s remaining argument is based on a hypothetical that the Court finds instructive. In this hypothetical, an employer has two employees who are “attracted to men,” and “to the employer’s mind” the two employees are “materially identical” except that one is a man and the other is a woman. Ante, at 9 (emphasis added). The Court reasons that if the employer fires the man but not the woman, the employer is necessarily motivated by the man’s biological sex. Ante, at 9–10. After all, if two employees are identical in every respect but sex, and the employer fires only one, what other reason could there be?

The problem with this argument is that the Court loads the dice. That is so because in the mind of an employer who does not want to employ individuals who are attracted to


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 Roebourne, February 16, 1895.

"On Monday night last between 10.30 & 11.30 there passed away suddenly & mysteriously from our midst one of the most brilliant, upright, honest & valued lives that has ever lived amongst us, when Mr. William Shakespeare Hall, chairman of the Cossack Municipal Council, & the oldest resident in the district, was found floating lifeless in the Cossack Creek; but a few minutes after he had been cracking jokes in his usual humorous style with a friend. The old gentleman was passionately fond of bathing, and made it a practice to take a dip every night in Cossack Creek, when opportunity offered. Going to a spot on the beach he prepared for his ablution, and recognising Mr. W.A.S. Watts (Clerk of Council) walking along the beach, requested his company in the water. Mr. Watts not caring for cold at that particular time — it had been raining heavily — jokingly declined, and a few words of good-humoured chaff passed between them. Mr. Hall swam towards the steps on the north end of the jetty and Mr. Watts thought he was resting awhile. Wishing to resume the conversation, he called out to him; but received no reply. The call was repeated with no response. Becoming a little alarmed at receiving no answer from so convivial a spirit as Mr. Hall, he hurried to the steps; but could see nothing of him there. His alarm increased by this he reported his suspicions to the police, who


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As a rule, broad courses in history do not admit of much special study or detailed investigation of the very many personalities, factors of environment, and events which history comprises. For that reason, it Is a customary practice to give opportunity during a course for a careful and intensive investigation of one or more of the great variety of important points included in the field of study.

1. The Undertaking: Choice of Subject. The accompanying list of topics (see p. 6) is given to suggest the variety of subjects which can be profitably treated in this fashion. Those suggested are, for the most part, general in character. They will usually need to be further limited or defined for actual use, to conform to:

This defining of the subject is an important matter, and should not be undertaken without having given considerable thought to the nature, scope, and historical significance of the subject as listed.

It may be pointed out that the proper treatment of a biographical subject is not altogether a simple matter. In selecting a topic of this kind, one should not attempt to write a biography or a life, but to discuss the personage chosen from some particular historical point of view; that is, his relation to the important developments of his own or subsequent times.

2. The Tools: Bibliography. The next step in the preparation of the paper is the location and evaluation of all sources of information bearing on the subject. These should be classified thus:

Materials in each list should be arranged alphabetically (by name of author), and the bibliography should show, for each work listed,


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Rh members of the same sex, these two employees are not materially identical in every respect but sex. On the contrary, they differ in another way that the employer thinks is quite material. And until Title VII is amended to add sexual orientation as a prohibited ground, this is a view that an employer is permitted to implement. As noted, other than prohibiting discrimination on any of five specified grounds, “race, color, religion, sex, [and] national origin.” 42 U. S. C. §2000e–2(a)(1), Title VII allows employers to decide whether two employees are “materially identical.” Even idiosyncratic criteria are permitted; if an employer thinks that Scorpios make bad employees, the employer can refuse to hire Scorpios. Such a policy would be unfair and foolish, but under Title VII, it is permitted. And until Title VII is amended, so is a policy against employing gays, lesbians, or transgender individuals.

Once this is recognized, what we have in the Court’s hypothetical case are two employees who differ in two ways—sex and sexual orientation—and if the employer fires one and keeps the other, all that can be inferred is that the employer was motivated either entirely by sexual orientation, entirely by sex, or in part by both. We cannot infer with any certainty, as the hypothetical is apparently meant to suggest, that the employer was motivated even in part by sex. The Court harps on the fact that under Title VII a prohibited ground need not be the sole motivation for an adverse employment action, see ante, at 10–11, 14–15, 21, but its example does not show that sex necessarily played any part in the employer’s thinking.

The Court tries to avoid this inescapable conclusion by arguing that sex is really the only difference between the two employees. This is so, the Court maintains, because both employees “are attracted to men.” Ante, at 9–10. Of course, the employer would couch its objection to the man differently. It would say that its objection was his sexual orientation. So this may appear to leave us with a battle of


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Crennan J

It became clear as argument advanced that what the plaintiffs most strenuously objected to was the taking or extinguishment of the advertising or promotional functions of their registered trade marks or product get-up, which functions were prohibited by the Packaging Act. It was said that, having regard to all the prior legislation restricting advertising of tobacco products, the percentage of the retail packaging surface to which the trade marks could be applied prior to the operation of the Packaging Act was the last space upon which the plaintiffs could advertise or promote their products, or offer them for sale in competition with other traders. The result of the prior legislative restrictions on advertising was said to be that the plaintiffs could only distinguish their products by what appears on the packaging for those products.

It is important to note that in every composite trade mark claimed by the plaintiffs, an essential feature for the purposes of distinguishing goods from those of competitors appeared to be a brand name. To the extent that colours, chevrons, crests, shields and similar insignia might be in common use in the retail trade in tobacco products, such non-verbal components of a composite trade mark might be discounted in a comparison to determine the "deceptive similarity" of another mark, or where marks are compared side by side for the purposes of establishing their "substantial identity". The earliest of the registrations depended upon in the BAT proceedings is a registration of a composite mark including the word or brand name "Winfield" depicted in fancy script with a prominent "W"; it was originally registered in Part A of the Register under the provisions of the Trade Marks Act 1955 with a disclaimer of any exclusive right to use the letter "W". Part A was reserved for inherently distinctive marks or marks which had become distinctive through use. Marks which were descriptive or which were, in their ordinary meaning, surnames or geographical names were not inherently distinctive. A registration of a composite mark which included a word or brand name gave narrower protection for the purposes of comparison relevant to infringement or opposition proceedings than a registration of a word or brand name simpliciter. The adding of non-verbal devices or fancy lettering to a trade mark consisting of a word which was not inherently distinctive enhanced such a mark's prospects of registration in Part A of the Register.


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16 labels. If the employer’s objection to the male employee is characterized as attraction to men, it seems that he is just like the woman in all respects except sex and that the employer’s disparate treatment must be based on that one difference. On the other hand, if the employer’s objection is sexual orientation or homosexuality, the two employees differ in two respects, and it cannot be inferred that the disparate treatment was due even in part to sex.

The Court insists that its label is the right one, and that presumably is why it makes such a point of arguing that an employer cannot escape liability under Title VII by giving sex discrimination some other name. See ante, at 14, 17. That is certainly true, but so is the opposite. Something that is not sex discrimination cannot be converted into sex discrimination by slapping on that label. So the Court cannot prove its point simply by labeling the employer’s objection as “attract[ion] to men.” Ante, at 9–10. Rather, the Court needs to show that its label is the correct one.

And a labeling standoff would not help the Court because that would mean that the bare text of Title VII does not unambiguously show that its interpretation is right. The Court would have no justification for its stubborn refusal to look any further.

As it turns out, however, there is no standoff. It can easily be shown that the employer’s real objection is not “attract[ion] to men” but homosexual orientation.

In an effort to prove its point, the Court carefully includes in its example just two employees, a homosexual man and a heterosexual woman, but suppose we add two more individuals, a woman who is attracted to women and a man who is attracted to women. (A large employer will likely have applicants and employees who fall into all four categories, and a small employer can potentially have all four as well.) We now have the four exemplars listed below, with the discharged employees crossed out:


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User talk:Shootmanng

--EncycloPetey (talk) 00:57, 23 February 2024 (UTC)

title: User talk:Shootmanng


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Page:Papers of William Shakespeare Hall, 1861–1895.pdf/144

 were at the other end of the jetty; and search for the missing man was immediately instituted. The jetty was scanned high and low, and inquiries were made of all within hearing distance if they had seen anything of him; but his disappearance was still shrouded in mystery. Boats were secured and search was continued up the creek as the tide was flowing in. Constable Peirt's eye caught something suspicious looking close to the shore, and when W.p.c. Wilson and Captain England, who were out in one of the boats, were called to the spot to examine the object, it was found to be the lifeless body of Mr Hall stretched at full length and submerged about 6 inches. They drew him into the boat and carried him on shore, where all possible efforts were exerted to produce animation. They were carried on persistently for two hours, without success and then given up as useless. A most singular coincidence in connection with his death is this. It was the wont of Mr. Hall to speak of his feats in the water. He remarked to one of our representatives (and, we believe, had frequently made the remark to others) that he could do anything but one in the water, and that was to sleep. "This," he would say, "I must try some day just for the fun of the thing, you know." And it was a strange thing that he should sleep on the water; but it was the everlasting sleep from which none awaken.

They The funeral was announced to take place at Cossack and a double-carred special train filled with friends of the


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 Kagal.

1 . Senior Branch.

THIS is a small native State in the Southern Mahratta Country, feudatory to the Maharaja of Kolhapur. Its capital is situated about twelve miles south-east of Kolhapur, in the valley of the Dudhganga river. The chief is descended from an ancient and illustrious Mahratta family surnamed Ghatge, who acquired great eminence during the palmy days of the Bijapur kingdom.

It is said that the family went from Jaipur to the Deccan towards the close of the fourteenth century to escape from the ferocity of Taimurlang of Persia, who played great havoc throughout Rajputana in 1398 A. D. Kamraja, the first common ancestor of the Ghatge family, is said to have rung a bell suspended from the ceiling of the audience hall in the palace of the king of Bedar by turning a summer- sault. Hence the surname Ghatge signifying "Winner of the bell." Likewise the title "Sarje Rao" was conferred by an Emperor of Bijapur on Bhanaji, one of the chief's ancestors, who defeated and slew Dudha Sarje Rao, a Rajput military leader, sent by Aurangzeb to overthrow the Bijapur dynasty. The Mahratta warrior after slaying his adversary plucked the Surja (head ornament) from the forehead of his horse, and carried it to the Emperor, who was so pleased with the exploit that he not only presented the crest to Bhanaji but gave him the title of " Sarje Rao " besides. ' Vajarat Ma-ab' i.e. possessing the abilities of a Vazir or minister, was a title conferred by Shiwaji III of Kolhapur on Hindu Rao Ghatge, the grandfather of the present Chief, for signal services rendered by him in the war between the state of Kolhapur and the Desai of Nippani.

Hindu Rao Ghatge was the son of Sakharam Sarje Rao Ghatge, who came into prominence during the time of Baji Rao II. He was a powerful figure in the Kolhapur Durbar and had received the grant of the Kagal Estate, though he was the representative of the younger branch of the family, in whose possession it had been more or less continuously for many years. Sarje Rao Ghatge's career is a matter of history. Daulat Rao Sindhia married his daughter, the well-known Baizabai, and his son, who received the title of 'Hindu Rao,' resided entirely at Gwalior and seldom, if ever, visited Kagal. The Estate is now held by Hindu Rao's adoptive grandson. When Sakharam Ghatge received the grant of the Kagal Estate* a smaller appendage was conferred on the representative of the Senior branch of the Ghatge family, which is now held by Dattaji Rao Balasaheb Ghatge. The chief distinction of this branch is their frequent inter-marriages with the royal family of Kolhapur.

Kagal is an ancient place and its oldest mention is found in grants or sanads of the sixteenth century from the Bijapur Kings. No old buildings remained entire but there are ruins of mosques and temples. The old fort of Kagal was destroyed by Yashwant Rao Sindhia, minister of Kolhapur, in 1780 A.D. In its place, about 1813 A.D., the late Hindu Rao Ghatge built a new fort, 307 feet from east to west and 366 feet from north to south. It is enclosed by a ditch and a thick stone-wall now


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42  Untrod by him the path he showed Sweet pictures on his easel glowed Of simple faith, and loves of home, And virtue’s golden days to come.

But weakness, shame, and folly made The foil to all his pen portrayed; Still, where his dreamy splendors shone, The shadow of himself was thrown.

Lord, what is man, whose thought, at times, Up to Thy sevenfold brightness climbs, While still his grosser instinct clings To earth, like other creeping things!

So rich in words, in acts so mean; So high, so low; chance-swung between The foulness of the penal pit And Truth’s clear sky, millennium-lit!

Vain, pride of star-lent genius!—vain, Quick fancy and creative brain, Unblest by prayerful sacrifice, Absurdly great, or weakly wise!

Midst yearnings for a truer life, Without were fears, within was strife; And still his wayward act denied The perfect good for which he sighed.

The love he sent forth void returned; The fame that crowned him scorched and burned, Burning, yet cold and drear and lone,— A fire-mount in a frozen zone!

Like that the gray-haired sea-king passed, Seen southward from his sleety mast, About whose brows of changeless frost A wreath of flame the wild winds tossed.

Far round the mournful beauty played Of lambent light and purple shade, Lost on the fixed and dumb despair Of frozen earth and sea and air!

A man apart, unknown, unloved By those whose wrongs his soul had moved, He bore the ban of Church and State, The good man’s fear, the bigot’s hate!

Forth from the city’s noise and throng, Its pomp and shame, its sin and wrong, The twain that summer day had strayed To Mount Valerien’s chestnut shade.

To them the green fields and the wood Lent something of their quietude, And golden-tinted sunset seemed Prophetical of all they dreamed.

The hermits from their simple cares The bell was calling home to prayers, And, listening to its sound, the twain Seemed lapped in childhood’s trust again.

Wide open stood the chapel door; A sweet old music, swelling o’er Low prayerful murmurs, issued thence,— The Litanies of Providence!

Then Rousseau spake: “Where two or three In His name meet, He there will be!” And then, in silence, on their knees They sank beneath the chestnut-trees.

As to the blind returning light, As daybreak to the Arctic night, Old faith revived; the doubts of years Dissolved in reverential tears.

That gush of feeling overpast, “Ah me!” Bernardin sighed at last, “I would thy bitterest foes could see Thy heart as it is seen of me!

“No church of God hast thou denied; Thou hast but spurned in scorn aside A bare and hollow counterfeit, Profaning the pure name of it!

“With dry dead moss and marish weeds His fire the western herdsman feeds, And greener from the ashen plain The sweet spring grasses rise again.

“Nor thunder-peal nor mighty wind Disturb the solid sky behind; And through the cloud the red bolt rends The calm, still smile of Heaven descends!

“Thus through the world, like bolt and blast, And scourging fire, thy words have passed. Clouds break,—the steadfast heavens remain; Weeds burn,—the ashes feed the grain!

“But whoso strives with wrong may find Its touch pollute, its darkness blind;


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202 THE IMPERIAL DURBAR ALBUM. much ruined. The eastern portion of the rampart was destroyed in 1858 A.D. by order of the British Government. Besides a large mansion built within the town by the late Hindu Rao, after the model of the famous palace of Deeg, and several good houses belonging to the relations of the Ghatge family, a large mansion or wada stands at a small distance of the town built by the late chief of Kagal, Jai Singh Rao Abasaheb, at a cost of about Rs. 1,00,000.

The present Chief of Kagal, Piraji Rao alias Bapusaheb, is the son of Jai Singh Rao Abasaheb, the late chief of Kagal and Regent of Kolhapur. He took his education at the Rajkumar College, Rajkot, till 1889 A.D. After that he resided at Dharwar till 1893 A.D. and then went out touring through India. While at Dharwar. he studied the theory of law and political economy and often attended the District Judge and other Courts to become familiar with the procedure in law courts. He was invested with powers of administration over his Estate in 1894 A.D. by His Highness Maharaja Shahu Chhatrapati of Kolhapur, • and Piraji Rao Bapusaheb Ghatge Sarje Rao Vajarat Ma-ab C.I.E., C.S.I, has been since then managing his Estate.

The area of Kagal is 1 1 1 square miles comprising 40 villages and a population of 44,290 souls. Its gross revenue during a normal year is about 5,50,000 Rupees.

2. Junior Branch.

THIS jahagir consists of 6 villages and a Deshmukhi watan yielding an annual 1 income of Rs. 75,000. Its area is nearly 18 square miles and the population is about 6,500 souls.

Dattaji Rao alias Balasaheb Ghatge, the present Jahagirdar, is descended from the elder branch of the same family, to which the Chief of Kagal (Senior) belongs. Balasaheb lost both his parents before he was barely eight years of age and was left to the care of his step-brother, Shrimant Jai Singh Rao Abasaheb, the late distinguished Regent of Kolhapur. He was brought up and educated with his nephews, H. H. Shahu Chhatrapati of Kolhapur and Shrimant Piraji Rao Bapusaheb till 1 882 A.D. Unlike Piraji Rao he is of a quiet and retiring nature given more to books and to a tendency to indoor life.


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 Khairpur.

THE State of Khairpur is in the province of Sindh under the Government of Bombay, and its ruler is called the Mir of Khairpur. He belongs to a Baloch family called Talpur. Previous to the accession of this family on the fall of the Kalhora dynasty of Sindh in 1783 A.D., the history of Khairpur is included in the general history of Sindh. In that year Mir Fatteh Alii Khan Talpur established himself as Rais or ruler of Sindh; and subsequently his nephew, Mir Sorab Khan Talpur, founded the Khairpur branch of the Talpur family.

About the year 1813 A.D., during' the troubles in Kabul incidental to the establishment of Barakzai dynasty, the Mirs were able to withhold the tribute which up to that date had been paid to the rulers of Afghanistan. Two years earlier, in 1811 A.D., Mir Sorab had abdicated in favour of his son, Mir Rustam, whose unfriendly relations with his brother, All Murad, led to the intervention of the British. In 1832 A.D. the individuality of the Khairpur State, as separate from the other Talpur Mirs in Sindh, was recognised by the British Government in a treaty, under which the use of the river Indus and the roads of Sindh' were secured to the British. Ali Murad, who gradually succeeded in establishing his hold on the chiefship, cordially supported the British policy, and the result was, that after the battles of Miani and Daba had put the whole of Sindh at the disposal of the British government, Khairpur was the only State that was allowed to retain its political existence under the protection of the Paramount Power. In 1866 A.D. a sanad was granted to the Mir under which the British Government promised to recognise any succession to the chiefship according to Mahomedan law.

Mir Ali Murad died in 1894 A.D. and was succeeded by his son, Mir Faiz Mahammad Khan, who ruled the State up to 1909 A.D. and was bestowed the title of G.C.I. E. by the British Government. After his death, his son, His Highness Mir Imam Baksh Khan Talpur, came to the gadi. His Highness was formally installed on the 1st of July 1909 A.D. His Highness takes a keen interest in the administration of the State, and has introduced several reforms in it.

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The total area of the State is 6,050 square miles, and the population is 2,23,822 according to the census of 1911 A.D. The average revenue of the State amounts to Rupees 17,13,000.

His Highness Mir Imam Baksh Khan Talpur is entitled to a salute of 15 guns.