text: How to Tell the Birds from the Flowers and other wood-cuts/The Crow; The Crocus


text: How to Tell the Birds from the Flowers and other wood-cuts/The Clover; The Plover

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text: How to Tell the Birds from the Flowers and other wood-cuts/The Ole Gander; The Oleander


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 accuracy at present and of its unavoidable sketchiness and artistry. There are groups of those who criticise "God the Invisible King"—the most striking cases are the critics from the Rationalist Press Association and from the Roman Catholic Church—who are manifestly saturated by the absolutely opposite idea, the conviction that the terms of human thought are solid, opaque and stable. They will allow no license to poetry unless it scans, rhymes, is printed in lines and otherwise marked clearly as such. Otherwise they insist upon a literal and material consistency. When they encounter such a phrase as "God walked in the garden" they insist that it follows that he cast a shadow, crushed stray caterpillars in the turf and kicked aside the gravel. The former group demand therefore footprints and the size of His boots for purposes of verification, being equally prepared to deny the Presence altogether or prove a Cockney trespasser; the second, following the same line of thought in an opposite direction, are ready to welcome any stray scraps of boot-heel, any cast shoe protectors or the like as evidence to silence the sceptic. Either side is equally angry when it is told that the statement was not intended to that extent. There is virtuous indignation.

Or again if one writes, "God responds," they demand "by a voice?" or "was it by planchette?" or how the trick was done. Mr. William Archer became almost facetious in his "God and Mr. Wells" because God who can come into men's hearts as a still small voice does not come in with a few recipes of practical value. Many people have evidently never realised


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 that all discussion except the discussion of matters of fact is incurably poetical. Yet all terms used in human speech are either the names of definite facts in the common experience of men or they are metaphors, witticisms or a deliberate distortion or extension of such terms to express vaguely apprehended realities that are otherwise elusive. "Molecule" and "ether" are just as real and just as unreal as the personality of God. Anyone may jeer at the preposterous idea of a medium as rigid as steel in which we move freely, yet that was the conception of "ether" necessitated by physical science a few years ago; anyone can refuse to find any further significance than a faint squeak in a "still small voice." Yet in either case there is something there and the word or phrase we use is the most expressive we can find. But both Rationalist and Romanist are blind with the vanity of mental finality. The Rationalist knows exactly that that something is It and not Him, the Romanist knows the exact contrary in clear detail. He knows indeed at what rate God's beard grows. With neither type is any real understanding possible until the almost wilful metaphysical ignorance that sanctions this conceit of exactitude has been overcome.


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Rh

At Camden Haven Kendall found consolation in thinking that the forest trees, at least, could live their own life as Nature alone dictated. A patch of beautiful green on the river bank was his delight. He loved the rivers, and he did "so like" to go into all the nooks and corners of the winding streams. He used to go out with his wife and children in a boat and there was a bright green spot on the banks that grew greener there than at any other part. He used to look out for that, on every one of their numerous little excursions. Mrs. Kendall and the children got so accustomed to it that they took no notice of it; but to him it seemed ever a fresh delight—"a thing of beauty and a joy for ever." It used to amuse Mrs. Kendall and the boys to see "Pa" so zealous not to miss another view of "that green patch," as the boys called it.

There were two immense trees about a hundred yards from the river, of which he always spoke as "Grandpa" and "Grandma" to the little ones. He also used to show the children the different mosses, and collect old, forsaken birds' nests, to give them; but was very solicitous not to disturb a nest that was occupied. The birds he was most interested in were the curlew, the bell-bird, the mopoke, the whip-bird, and the cat-bird. He would often, after his walks, come home laden with ferns; and whenever he found a tree-fern the children would have to go out with him to inspect it.

Among ferns, the maiden-hair was his special pet, and leaves on a waterpool, and water lilies or water blooms of any kind, were never objects of indifference to his keenly observant eyes in all that partook of the woodlands. Waterpools of even a very small and shallow nature, in Australian-bush scenery, often form very pretty sketches, especially with a flash of sunlight on one part and the shadow of foliage on the other. Kendall writes "Where the waterpools glisten" in one of his poems, and he often pictures, in his verses, what many


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30 knowledge and skill belonging to man alone. Hence it appears that Providence, who directs everything for the best, intended that man should wander over the globe, inhabit every region, and dwell wherever the sun could shine upon him, and where water could be obtained for his use.

So far from deriding the disposition to explore unknown regions, we should consider judicious travellers as so many benefactors of mankind. It is most commonly a propensity that marks a vigorous intellect, and a benevolent heart. The conduct of the Spaniards, when they conquered Mexico and Peru with the sole view of robbing them of their gold and silver, and of forcing them to abandon their native religion, has cast an odium on those first adventurers upon this continent and their first [10] enterprises in India have stigmatized the Dutch and the English nor were our own forefathers, who left England to enjoy religious freedom, entirely free from the stain of injustice and cruelty towards the native Indians.—Let us therefore in charity, nay, in justice, speak cautiously of what may seem to us censurable in the first explorers of uncivilized countries; and if we should err in judgment, let it be on the side of commendation.

My. Wyeth, or as we shall hereafter call him, Captain Wyeth, as being leader of the Band of the Oregon adventurers, after having inspired twenty-one persons with his own high hopes and expectations (among whom was his own brother, Dr. Jacob Wyeth, and a gun-smith, a blacksmith, two carpenters, and two fishermen, the rest being


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text: How to Tell the Birds from the Flowers and other wood-cuts/The Hen; The Lichen


text: How to Tell the Birds from the Flowers and other wood-cuts/The Pelican; The Panicle


text: How to Tell the Birds from the Flowers and other wood-cuts/The Pea; The Pewee


text: How to Tell the Birds from the Flowers and other wood-cuts/The Parrot; The Carrot


text: How to Tell the Birds from the Flowers and other wood-cuts/The Rue; The Rooster


text: How to Tell the Birds from the Flowers and other wood-cuts/The Hawk; The Hollyhock


text: How to Tell the Birds from the Flowers and other wood-cuts/The Pecan; The Toucan


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1833-1834] Darby, formerly of this vessel, R. Cowie, chief trader, and others.

On the 21st, we dropped down the river, and in two days anchored off the cape. We have but little prospect of being able to cross the bar; the sea breaks over the channel with a roar like thunder, and the surf dashed and frets against the rocky cape and drives its foam far up into the bay.

I long to see blue water again. I am fond of the sea; it suits both my disposition and constitution; and then the reflection, that now every foot I advance will carry me nearer to my beloved home, is in itself a most powerful inducement to urge me on. But much as I desire again to see home, much as I long to embrace those to whom I am attached by the strongest ties, I have nevertheless felt something very like regret at leaving Vancouver and its kind of agreeable residents. I took leave of Doctor McLoughlin with feelings akin to those with which I should bid adieu to an affectionate parent; and to his fervent, "God bless you, sire, and may you have a happy meeting with your friends," I could only reply by a look of the sincerest gratitude. Words are inadequate to express my deep sense of the obligations which I feel under to this truly generous and excellent man, and I fear I can only repay them by the sincerity with which I shall always cherish the recollection of his kindness, and the ardent prayers I shall breathe for his prosperity and happiness.

[264] 30th.—At daylight this morning, the wind being fair, and the bar more smooth, we weighed anchor and stood out. At about 9 o'clock we crossed the bar, and in a few minutes were hurrying along on the open sea before a six-knot breeze. We are now out, and so good bye to Cape Disappointment and the Columbia, and now for home, dear home again!


text: How to Tell the Birds from the Flowers and other wood-cuts/The Cat-bird; The Cat-nip


text: How to Tell the Birds from the Flowers and other wood-cuts/The Quail; The Kale


text: How to Tell the Birds from the Flowers and other wood-cuts/The Auk; The Orchid


text: How to Tell the Birds from the Flowers and other wood-cuts/The Cow-bird; The Cowslip


text: How to Tell the Birds from the Flowers and other wood-cuts/The Butter-ball; The Buttercup


text: How to Tell the Birds from the Flowers and other wood-cuts/The Roc; The Shamrock


text: How to Tell the Birds from the Flowers and other wood-cuts/A Sparrer; Asparagus


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 Franco-Prussian war. Hardy seemed almost unconscious of the very deep-seated strain of disillusionment and pessimism which runs through the greater part of early Greek literature. A short monograph by Dr. Anton Baumstark, for instance, takes the very fragmentary remains of Greek lyric poetry still extant, and turns up an amazing display of melancholy utterances. Herbert L. Stewart has likewise taken exception to Hardy's attitude here, and has noted that he is sometimes unfortunate in his Greek allusions. In calling attention to the statement in one of the novels, that "ideal Greek beauty went with Greek sanguineness of temperament," Mr. Stewart noted that there was a deep tone of sadness in the temperament which Hardy thought so sanguine, and referred to Professor Butcher's essay, The Melancholy of the Greeks, for confirmation of this statement.

The second pronouncement which must be disposed of is the following:

The field of investigation opened by this quotation is a large and many-sided one, and cannot be discussed in great detail here. It might be well to point out, however, that one who attempts to compare the form of The Dynasts with that of the Greek drama need not be disturbed or embarrassed by Hardy’s repudiation of Greek influence. His choruses, though transfigured, still remain


text: How to Tell the Birds from the Flowers and other wood-cuts/The Blue Mountain Lory; The Blue Morning Glory


text: How to Tell the Birds from the Flowers and other wood-cuts/The Tern; The Turnip


text: How to Tell the Birds from the Flowers and other wood-cuts/The Larks; The Larkspur


text: How to Tell the Birds from the Flowers and other wood-cuts/Cross Bill; Sweet William


text: How to Tell the Birds from the Flowers and other wood-cuts/The Ibis; The 'Ibiscus


text: How to Tell the Birds from the Flowers and other wood-cuts/The Pipe; The Snipe


text: How to Tell the Birds from the Flowers and other wood-cuts/The Jay; The Bay


text: How to Tell the Birds from the Flowers and other wood-cuts/The Gent-ians; The Lady-bird


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 choruses, and the function of a chorus is the same to-day as it was yesterday. The same will he found to apply to other ancient dramatic precedents now seldom used, but revived and adapted by Mr. Hardy to his gigantic scheme and then disclaimed. As to the observance of the various species of dramatic decorum, and other classical and pseudo-classical requirements, it may possibly be shown that The Dynasts, considered as a play, is more nearly related to the most ancient type of Athenian drama than to the usual play of the present time. Of course no on will attempt to deny the essential "modernity" of The Dynasts—it has been hailed by philosophers of the day as one of the few combinations of modern poetry and an up-to-date view of life—but the terms "modern" and "ancient" are sometimes less than valueless when used as criteria to judging serious intellectual works of any period. Original ideas of any time can nearly always be regarded in two lights—as restatements of something that had already been hinted at, and as foreshadowings of later developments. Certain great and insoluble problems have ever attracted speculative poets, whose reactions have generally varied not so much according to the age in which they lived as according to the general type of temperament and intellect they represented—and these contrasted general types have repeated them¬ selves since the invention of writing. The invocation of comparisons of certain aspects of Hardy's genius and the ideals of the oldest Greek tragedy will perhaps be regarded as a not entirely unreasonable procedure if these considerations are borne in mind.

Turning now to the investigation of the extent of the


text: How to Tell the Birds from the Flowers and other wood-cuts/Puffin; Nuffin


text: How to Tell the Birds from the Flowers and other wood-cuts/The Bee; The Beet; The Beetle


text: How to Tell the Birds from the Flowers and other wood-cuts/The Bunny; The Tunny


text: How to Tell the Birds from the Flowers and other wood-cuts/The Puss; The Octopus


text: How to Tell the Birds from the Flowers and other wood-cuts/The Eel; The Eelephant


text: How to Tell the Birds from the Flowers and other wood-cuts/The Ant; The Pheasant


text: How to Tell the Birds from the Flowers and other wood-cuts/The Hare; The Harrier


text: How to Tell the Birds from the Flowers and other wood-cuts/The Pen-guin; The Sword-fish


text: How to Tell the Birds from the Flowers and other wood-cuts/The Gnu; The Newt


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 the general methods of forest management which will bring about unfavorable conditions for injury and thus prevent loss.

It will also be seen how important it is to know the principal facts in regard to the life history and habits of the insect, in order to secure the best results from methods of management and of direct control.

Heretofore this species has been confused with another species with very different habits, and some of the published data and recommendations based on such confusions are of no value.

The white-pine weevil rarely, if ever, passes the winter in the terminals. The present evidence indicates that it never breeds in the thick bark of the trunks and stumps of the white pine or other pines; thus it can not be trapped in the trunks of felled and girdled pine.

The only practical method of destroying the weevil appears to be the treatment of the infested terminals, and to secure the best results special attention must be given to certain important details.

If the infested terminals are cut or broken during June or July and burned, the broods of the weevil will be effectually destroyed, but vast numbers of natural enemies will also be destroyed. A better method is to collect the terminals during the first half of July before the beetles begin to emerge and to place them in tight barrels securely covered with wire fly-screen netting on one or both ends (see fig. 6). The barrels should be left in the groves, so that the parasites and other enemies may escape, while the beetles perish. After the 1st of October the weevils will all be dead, and the netting may then be removed, although the barrels with their contents should be left until the following June to allow the escape of the later developing and larger parasites. The barrel should not be placed in a position to collect rain. It is necessary, however, if this method be adopted, that it be repeated two or three years in succession in the same locality, in order to catch the successive broods from the old parent beetles that live over from preceding years.

The statements and recommendations in this circular are based on recent observations and investigations by the author and by Field Assistant W. F. Fiske, and serve as a partial revision of what has hitherto been published.

 * Approved:
 * Secretary of Agriculture.
 * Secretary of Agriculture.

 * May 21, 1907.


text: How to Tell the Birds from the Flowers and other wood-cuts/The Ray; The Raven


text: How to Tell the Birds from the Flowers and other wood-cuts/The Ape; The Grape


text: How to Tell the Birds from the Flowers and other wood-cuts/The Doe; The Dodo


text: How to Tell the Birds from the Flowers and other wood-cuts/The Pipe-fish; The Sea-gar


text: How to Tell the Birds from the Flowers and other wood-cuts/The Elk; The Whelk


text: How to Tell the Birds from the Flowers and other wood-cuts/The P-cock; The Q-cumber


text: How to Tell the Birds from the Flowers and other wood-cuts/The Sloe; The Sloth


text: How to Tell the Birds from the Flowers and other wood-cuts/The Cow; The Cowry


text: How to Tell the Birds from the Flowers and other wood-cuts/The Antelope; The Cantelope


text: How to Tell the Birds from the Flowers and other wood-cuts/The Pansy; The Chim-pansy


text: How to Tell the Birds from the Flowers and other wood-cuts/Naught; Nautilus


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 ders of dense stands wherever the soil and other conditions are most favorable for rapid growth.

The unfavorable conditions for injury are slow growth, dense pure stands, and mixed stands of pine and hardwood.

Under the former conditions the thrifty, vigorous terminals are especially favored as breeding places for the weevil; and where these are killed, the vital energy of the tree is thrown into the lateral branches. Open stands, therefore, favor the development of large branches and a spreading crown, while under conditions unfavorable to weevil injury the terminals are smaller and, even if they are killed, the close stand or lateral shade will tend to produce an upward or vertical growth of the topmost branches, the stronger one taking the lead and soon repairing the damage.

Numerous parasitic and predatory insect enemies attack the developing broods in the terminals. Woodpeckers, also, feed on the matured

larvæ, pupæ, and adults. Some of the larvæ apparently die from disease, and when the large numbers of them are crowded together the larger ones appear to feed on the smaller ones, so that on the average not more than from 3 to 5 per cent of the hatched larvæ ever reach maturity and emerge from the infested terminals. However, each female is capable of depositing more than one hundred eggs each year for several years; thus the depredations are continuous. During some years the damage will be slight, while in other years it will be very severe, the amount of injury depending on the number of adults that survive and the conditions presented for their attack and development.

It will be seen that in the successful control of this pest, as in the control of forest insects in general, much depends on special features in


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 friends and the landlord were struck with amazement, and unable to stir; the Austrian lifted his hat, which had hidden part of his face, staring wildly at the hoary cheat, and I expected with impatience the signal for seizing the rascal, who, with great tranquillity and unconcern, was busied with putting his gewgaws again into his wallet.

Now the Austrian came forth, and I clapped my hand to my sword: Awful silence reigned around, and our companions were still fixed to their places, whilst the Austrian's sparkling looks rested on the Necromancer, who now had packed up the instruments of fraud, and thrown the wallet over his shoulders. Just when he was going to leave the room, his eye caught the glowing face of my friend, and he seemed thunderstruck. Their looks evinced a mutual emotion of an uncommon nature; my friend's stern looks grew more and more terrible, and the old man was apparently grasped by horror's icy fangs: Our expectation rose to the highest pitch, and


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The extent of damage, as affecting natural reproduction, plantations, and timber of commercial size in the forest, is difficult to estimate; but it is an important item to be charged to the losses in commercial growth of white pine and is therefore a forestry problem which must demand special attention in the future management of wood-lots and forests, wherever the tree predominates.

The most favorable condition for serious injury by this weevil consists in a scattering or open pure stand of young white pine where the growth is healthy and rapid. suchSuch [sic] as is found in open plantations, in abandoned fields, and around the bor-


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Page:The Necromancer, or, The Tale of the Black Forest Vol. 2.djvu/20

 we were standing around them in a grisly attitude, most of us thrilled with secret awe, and I not without chill.

"Yes," began now the Austrian with a trembling voice, "yes, it is thou, Volkert! it is thou!"

The old deceiver shivered violently, his face was distorted by terrible convulsions, he gave a hollow groan, and fell lifeless on the floor.

We all seemed to be touched by a magic wand, and the Austrian was standing a good while in our middle, in a state of wild stupefaction; at length he recovered his recollection, drew with his wonted firmness nearer to the lifeless Necromancer, raised him up, shook him with all his might, and exclaimed,

"Volkert, Volkert, return to life once more."


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 But all was in vain, the old man gave no sign of life.

"Volkert, Volkert," exclaimed my friend once more, but he did not hear him.

The ran down stairs fetching a glass of water and some drops, but all our endeavours to restore the hoary villain to the use of his senses proved abortive and he remained senseless in our arms.

"Well then," resumed the Austrian, his eyes flashing with anger, "if amicable means will not do, then I must have recourse to violence." So saying, he discharged a pistol, the door flew open, and four corporals rushed in with their swords unsheathed.

"Tie the rascal's arms and legs,' roared the Austrian, "away with the villain, he is our prisoner."


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 "Your prisoner!" replied the gray deceiver who had recovered at last, "your prisoner," roared he with a ghastly grin, disengaging himself from our grasp.

The corporals rushed upon him.

"I am a citizen of F, of a free imperial town, who dares to touch me?"

The corporals retired hastily, and the Austrian's brow was covered with terrible wrinkles, his eyes flashed anger, his mouth foamed, and his whole frame trembled in an agony of furious rage. I never beheld a more terrible aspect.

"Infernal spirit! hell-born villain!" roared he, gnashing his teeth, "I am deceived!—"deceived by thee, Volkert!—Volkert!"

At once the thunder of his voice lowered to an entreating accent.


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10 artificial eye with a focus considerably shorter than his own. He makes use of it by placing his own living eye behind it, and looking through it at that which is beyond it. His own eye is thus brought much closer to the object than it could be without the aid of his lens—the result being an enormous accession of enlarging power. Be it observed, however, that the lens does not augment the size; it only enables the eye to be brought nearer, for could the eye see at a similar short distance without the help of the lens, the result would be precisely the same as that attained by the use of the lens. The real service that our piece of convex glass renders to us is this—it takes the divergent rays which emanate at all points from an object situated nearer to the eye than its natural focus, and brings them into a proper condition to be received by the eye, which is then competent to deal with them in forming a perfect image on its retina. Without the lens this could not be accomplished: the image would then not fall on the retina, but at some distance beyond it.

Let us now apply this principle to the optical part of the compound microscope. At each end of a brass tube some 10 inches in length and 1 inch in diameter are placed the lenses which produce such marvellous results. At one end of the tube nearest to the eye of the observer is placed the eye-piece, at the opposite end is the object-glass, so called from its proximity to the object. We will first deal with the latter: it may be a lens or combination of lenses of high or low magnifying power. By the mechanical aid of rackwork and pinion we contrive to bring the lens into focus with a small object placed on the stage of the microscope. The light transmitted or reflected from this object enters the object-glass and at some distance in the interior of the tube produces a faithful copy of the object greatly increased in size. For the sake of illustration we will consider the copy, or image, thirty times longer, broader, and deeper than the original. Now, although the eye is not present at the spot where this image is formed to receive it, yet we very well know that it is actually there, and placed, too, in a most convenient position to be seen by looking at it through the eye-piece. If the latter had the power of doubling the size of the first image, the result would be a second image twice the size of the first, and sixty times larger in length, breadth, and depth than the object itself. And this is what really takes place in the compound microscope. We have, as it were, two simple microscopes. The first deals with the object, and the second with the enlarged image that object forms. It is in consequence of this compound arrangement that the modern microscope has received its present name.

It is greatly superior to its predecessor, the simple microscope, which labours under the disadvantages of being more limited in its range, the result of producing but one image, and the necessity forced on the observer to have both eye and lens almost in contact with the object he may wish to investigate. The compound microscope, while it preserves us from these drawbacks, secures for us a double advantage. Its magnifying power is much greater in consequence of its ability to produce two images instead of one. And this is secured to us, while the eye remains at the ordinary distance of ten inches from an object.

We have endeavoured to show in a simple manner, without going into optical technicalities, why objects appear so greatly enlarged when seen under the Microscope, and that magnitude, or increase of size, depends on the distance of an object from the eye—that the closer the eye can approach to it and see it, the larger it will appear, and that the lenses employed in the construction of our Microscopes are only helps to bring about such a result. T.K.

HO will prescribe for an unhappy fly? We were led to ask this question in all simplicity the other day, by seeing one of these disturbers of our usual afternoon nap apparently in the agonies of approaching death. As we regarded his rotund and inflated body, vague notions of the veterinary art and even of Mr. Banting flitted through our mind, but help seemed beyond the insectile reach. Its beautiful arrangement of feet to climb glass and walk in an inverted position over our heads, its delicate wings of prismatic hues, its minute spiracles so constructed for breathing as to render a nose a useless appendage, and its numerous eyes which enable it with equal readiness to see a dainty morsel or a sinister enemy, all were about to cease their functions, for disease had arrested its playful gambols and thieving propensities; the sugar basin would "know it no more," and our afternoon nap would be disturbed by one intruder the less.

Still the death of a fly under these circumstances is not without its interest to those


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 acquaintance with Continental European literature displayed by the author of the Wessex Novels, one will find that he is limited to the French and German of comparatively recent times, as is only to be expected—notwithstanding the fact that he may here and there make a casual allusion to Dante's Inferno in describing a scene, or the fact that that character-monstrosity, Dare, in A Laodicean, may quote Italian and Spanish proverbs to show that he is a real citizen of the world.

French expressions, phrases, and proverbs, such as en l'air, coup d'ceil, incredules les plus credules, raison d'etre, ensemble, tete-a-tete, and so on, are very common, and show at least a superficial acquaintance with the language, although they might perhaps be regarded by purists as barbaric impedimenta to a good English prose style. A more agreeable effect, perhaps, is made by his occasional introduction of a French song into the story. Thus, in A Pair of Blue Eyes, Elfride sings, ('Je I'ai plante, je I'ai vu naitre," etc., to Stephen Smith; in Two on a Tower, the worldly-wise Louis Glanville sings in an undertone, "Tra deri, dera, L'histoire n'est pas nouvelle!" The best and most famous example, however, is Clym's singing of "Le point du jour," as he works as a furze-cutter in The Return of the Native.

References to the literature of France are not numerous. There is passing mention of the "delicate imposition" of Rochefoucauld and of ('la jalousie retro spec tif" of George Sand. More important is the acquaintance shown with the sceptical ratiocinations of the Dictionnaire Philosophique and with the symbolist and decadent schools of modern French poetry.


text: Index:The Chace - Somervile (1735).djvu

title: Index:The Chace - Somervile (1735).djvu


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 Rh

The Bureau of Entomology has been conducting systematic and economic investigations of the weevils infesting the bark of the trunk and terminal shoots of conifers in the United States, the results of which will be published in the regular technical and popular bulletins; but since

these can not be issued in time to be of service this season, this circular has been prepared to give the information which is of immediate practical importance in regard to one of the most destructive habits of these weevils.

The white-pine weevil is a somewhat elongate, brownish snout beetle, 4 to 5 mm. in length, having the thorax and elytra marked with irregular spots of brown and white scales (fig. 1, a). The winter is passed in the adult stage, evidently in the ground. The beetles come out of their winter quarters and fly early in May, and after feeding for a few days on the bark of the living white-pine terminal shoots deposit their


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 If we disregard for the moment the influence of German philosophical writers upon his later work, it will be found that in the field of German the extent of his acquaintance is of about the same scope as his acquaintance with the French. Dare, of course, shows off his cosmopolitanism by saying: Hörensagen ist halb gelogen; Mrs. Charmond is said to have a weltbürgerliche nature; the Melancholy Hussar speaks of his Heimweh; and Alec D'Urberville gets back his old Weltlust after his temporary “conversion” has spent itself. The quaint lines of the lyric Lieb' Liebchen (in translation) are employed as an index to the agitating emotions of Lady Constantine's heart, and Börne's observation, Nichts ist dauernd als der Wechsel, made famous by its employment as the motto of Heine's Harzreise, is used to make clear the author's conception of the elusiveness of the objects of idealistic love.

If it were not for the very definite evidences of Hardy's reading in the German philosophers encountered in the novels from the year 1887 onward, one might be justified in denying to him anything but the merest smattering of German. But The Woodlanders contains unmistakable evidences of the influence of the Nineteenth Century transcendentalists; in Tess of the D'Urbervilles one can follow out with some degree of accuracy the path of Schopenhauer's inroads on Hardy's thought and its expression; and in Jude the Obscure, Humboldt and others come to the fore.

It would be pointing out the very obvious to show in any detail Hardy's familiarity with the great English writers, from Sir Thomas Wyatt to Swinburne. Not


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Old and Infirm have at least this Privilege, that they can recall to their Minds those Scenes of Joy in which they once delighted, and ruminate over their past Pleasures, with a Satisfaction almost equal to the first Enjoyment. For those Ideas, to which any agreeable Sensation is annex'd, are easily excited; as leaving behind them the most strong and permanent Impressions. The Amusements of our Youth are the Boast and Comfort of our declining Years. The Ancients carried this Notion even yet further, and supposed their Heroes in the Elysian Fields were fond of the very same Diversions they exercised on Earth. Death it self could not wean them from the accustom'd Sports and Gayeties of Life.


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 eggs in punctures in the bark of the shoot of the previous year's growth, placing one or two eggs in a pit or cavity in the inner bark made by the beak of the mother beetle. In from six to ten days the eggs begin to hatch into small white grubs (larvæ), which at first are usually found in large numbers feeding upon the inner bark and cambium (see fig. 2). They usually work downward and sometimes extend their work into the bark of the 2-year-old stem and base of the branches. By the time the larvæ have completed their development (fig. 1, b) they are greatly reduced in numbers by natural enemies and other causes. The survivors burrow into the wood or pith of the terminal and excavate individual transformation cells, which they line and cover with excelsior-like borings. In these cells they transform to pupæ (see fig. 1, c) and adults, and during July and August of the same year, when the adults are fully matured, they bore their way out and seek suitable places in which to pass the winter.

From recorded observations on some species of Pissodes or bark weevils by investigators in Europe, and on representatives of other allied forms in Europe and in this country, it appears that an individual adult may live two or three years and will deposit eggs each year.

The beetles are active from about the 1st to the 15th of May or laters, depending on local conditions and weather. Eggs are evidently deposited during the principal activity of the adults, possibly during the greater part of the month of May. The


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One of the greatest tasks of the union which have been carried out during the two? and a half years of existence of Soviet Russia has been the creation of new economic organs in the metal industry.

All the existing organs from the highest to the lowest have been created with the closest and direct participation of the union. All factory managements, the directorates of socialist trusts as well as the collegiate of the supreme economic organisation in the metal industry of the republic—the Metal Department of the Supreme Council of Public Economy, are appointed by agreement between the respective trade union organs and State institutions, usually from candidates put forward by the union. Thus during the past year the Central Committee of the Union confirmed the appointment of 134 factory (managements consisting of 64 per cent. workers, 8.5 per cent. employees and 27.5 per cent. engineers.

The union in conjunction with the Metal Department of the Supreme Council of Public Economy has carried out important work in organising the socialist trusts in the metal industry, which are constructed on purely industrial lines. Usually conferences were called of factory committees and factory managements, embracing several factories, at which questions of trustification and production programmes were discussed and at which the election of the head director of the trust took place. Thus at the present time the following large trusts exist in the metal industry.

1. The State Machine Construction Works is a trust embracing the largest locomotive and Railway Car construction works like the Sormova, Kolomensk, Briansk and Kharkoff Works as well as a group consisting of the Koulebaksk, Tashinsk and Wickson Works. The number of workers employed at these works amounts to 45,000. At the head of the directorate are comrades who formerly worked in the union and who were elected to the head management by the works conference.

2. The Central Management of the Heavy Industry (which embraces the largest metal works in the Don Basin like the Dnieprowsk, Briansk and Mourievsk, altogether 27 works with 42,000 workers) is composed of comrades enjoying the complete confidence of the Union, one of whom is a former member of the Central Committee of the Union.

3. At the head of the Central Directorate of Artillery Works (which embrace all metal works producing war material) there are comrades who were elected at the conferences and confirmed by the union.

4. In the Ural, five district managements were organised embracing all the metal works in the Urals, and organised in <the same manner as those above.


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 5. The Collegiate of the Metal Department of the Supreme Council of Public Economy is organised by the Central Committee of the Union in agreement with the Presidium of the Supreme Council of Public Economy. Of the five members of the Collegiate two are members of the Central Committee.

6. There has also been established a Collegiate of the- Electrical Department of the Supreme Council of Public Economy and a Head Management of electrical undertakings which embraces all electrical works like the late "Central Electrical Company," the late Siemens, Shuckert, etc.

All other metal factories are organised on similar lines; they are united into trusts or subordinated to local government metal departments. Once a year conferences take place in every trust composed of representatives of factory committees and factory managements, to which the management of the trust reports. The union takes a very active part in guiding the work of these conferences.

Having accepted the organisation of industry as its fundamental task, the Metal Workers' Union was one of the first to put forward the idea of introducing general compulsory labour, of attaching the workers to the factories, and the obligatory transfer of labour power from one undertaking to another; in a word the idea of what is now called the militarisation of labour. The resolution carried at the second conference of the Union Which took place in January, 1919, dealing with the participation of the unions in the organisation and management of industry among other things says:

"For the purpose of maintaining a sufficient staff of workers in the factory, and for the proper utilisation of the labour power of the staff, the conference considers it necessary to introduce general obligatory labour based on the compulsory census and distribution of labour power by the industrial unions in conformity with the requirements of national economy. It is necessary also to prevent the departure and transfer of workers from important undertakings to others without the consent of the industrial union."

In this manner the supreme organ of the union, the Conference, on its own initiative put forward a measure which in capitalist countries would lead to the practical dissolution of the labour unions. The experience of the metal workers' union on this question goes to show that this measure has had a useful effect in the organisation of industry, particularly in the armament factories, and the function and importance of the union has not only not decreased but, on the contrary, they were to a considerable degree strengthened and enlarged. The Metal Workers' Union is proud in the consciousness of the fact that, thanks to these measures, it has succeeded in increasing the defensive powers of the country and has helped in the defeat of the forces of the counter-revolution.


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Rh

Part of a Letter of Mr. Will Derham, Rector of Upminter, dated Dec. 6. 1697. Giving an Account of ome Experiments about the Heighth of the Mercury in the Barometer, at Top and Bottom of the Monument: and about Portable Barometers.II. A Letter from Dr. Wallis of Jan. 11. 169. To Dr. Sloane, concerning the Effects of a great Storm of Thunder and Lightning at Everdon in Northamptonhire, (wherein divers Perons were killed) on July 27. 1691.III. ''Some additional Remarks on the Extracting the Stone of the Bladder out of thoe of the Female Sex. By Thomas Molyneux, M. D.S. R. S.''IV. Eclipis Lunaris Obervatio, facta Roterodami die 29. Octobris Anni 1697. N. S.A Jacobo Caini, ''R. Ac. Pariienis Socio.V. An Account of a Book, Entituled, Hortus Medicus Amtelodamenis, ive Plantarum tam Orientalis quan Occidentalis Indiæ aliarumque perefrinarum'' Decriptio & Icones. Autore Joanne Commelino Urbis Amtelod. ''(dam viverit) Senatore. Et latinitate donatum, Notis & Obervationibus illutratum a Frederico Ruychio, M. D. Botan. Profe. &c. & Francico Kiggelario, Amt.'' 1697. ''Fol. And to be by S. Smith, and B. Walford, in St. Paul's. With many additional Remarks by'' James Petiver, Fellow of the Royal Society. Rh


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Rh fact that it is a land of opportunity and prosperity we feel a justifiable pride; yet the crowning proof and natural result of this — the great number that do prosper — " the multitude of millionaires " — has come to be resented as an intolerable wrong, and he who is most clamorous for opportunity (which he has never for a moment been without) most austerely condemns those who have made the best use of it. An instinctive antipathy to all in prosperity is the common ground upon which anarchists and socialists stand to debate their several interpretations of anarchism and socialism. On that rock they build their church, and the gates of — the quotation is imperfectly applicable: the gates are friendly and hospitable to denominationaries of their faith.

Another thing that these worthies have in common — and in common with many unas- sorted sentimentaliters and effemininnies in this age of unreason — is sympathy with crime. No avowed socialist but advocates a rosewater penology that coddles the felon who has broken into prison to enjoy a life of peace and plenty; none but would expel the warden and flog the turnkey. All are proponents of the holy homily; all deny that punishment deters from crime, although the discharged


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BRSTELLE EERTHE WITH SLEEVES.

THE MAGNOLIA.


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 THE DAHLIA BASQUE.


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SMOKING CAP.

THE IMOGEN.


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LETTERS FOR MARKING.

KNITTED COUNTERPANE.


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 !


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 CORNER FOR HANDKERCHIEF.


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PETERSON’S MAGAZINE.

Vol. XXX.

"CIGAR SMOKE."

BY R. W. DEWEES.

It was the third anniversary of our wedding day, and Mary and I, (my prettiest and gentlest of wives, has, as is fitting, the prettiest and gentlest of names) Mary and I having enjoyed a commemorative iced-eake at tea, of wonderful exeellence, for Mary made it, and having been ap stairs together to look at dear little Charley m his erib, were now seated at our cosy fireside, I, with an unreproved cigar between my lips, and Mary very near me, enjoying a harmonious matrimonial chat. What we talked about, and irhat pleasant reminiscences were indulged in— what whispers — what trifles — what nothings wore called to mind, may be so very easily im ngined, at least by all happy married couples, that it is by no means worth my while to try to wfim them down here.

The conversation was as charmingly monotonous as such conversations usually are, till I chanced, in my foolish confidence to say, with a laugh,

"I can't help laughing, Mary, to think what a fool I was, once upon a time, to worry and fret myself about that young dandy, Morris, who was dangling about you at the same time I was. I n>ght have known better, mightn't I?"

"I don't know about that," said Mary, with a hlueh, and a coquettish toss of her head. "Perhaps you are not at the bottom of that nystery yet—wise as you think yourself, sir!" My countenance fell. This had been a sore subjecs- with me in former years, but Mary's nnqnestionable affection had just convinced me that my old doubts had never had any founda tion, that she must have loved me first, and s T»ys. My w;fe continued, with mischievous candor,

'I can tell you, John, you had some cause for jealousy in those times; for I came near— very near taking Morris instead of you. Only the merest trifle decided me in your favor. Shall I tell you what it was f Nay," she added, quickly, "you need not look so grumpy—you've no cause for jealousy now, you spoiled ereature! It's a great mistake to suppose that all girls fall into love at first sight. With some, and the most sensible, I flatter myself, the proceeding is by no means such a summary process. We consider, and weigh the respective merits of our admirers quite coolly and philosophically before we de cide, I assure you. We make pur comparisons— draw our inferences—compare characters, all from trifles I grant, but with wonderful shrewd ness sometimes, as in the present case.

"It cost me, however," she continued, arohly, "some trouble to decide whether I preferred you or Morris, and indeed to determine whether either of you were worth my going to the ex treme length of actually falling in love. As I told you, a trifle decided me; but it was a sig nificant triflo, one that showed which way the wind blew. Do you want to hear about it, John ? Are you prepared for a full and free confession? Tes, I see by your smile that you are beth curious and good-natured; so I will tell you the truth, and the whole truth for once."

So looking at mo, with a glance of mingled sauciness and affection, my little wife spoke out,

"There never was a poor woman so distressed as I was, to decide between you and Morris. If you only knew all the sleepless nights you caused me! but never mind, I'll take my revenge for that before I've done with you yet ! I used to lay awake and think and think, till my head ached. I knew you both wanted me, and that I might have either, but for my life I could not tell which I wanted.

"Morris was certainly the handsomest—you need not make such a grimace, it is true—but there was something honest and manly about your face, such as it was, that I liked—oh, you smile now, do you? Morris dressed best, was


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Rh

I hope therefore I may be indulged (even by the more grave and censorious Part of Mankind) if at my leisure Hours, I run over, in my Elbow-Chair, some of those Chaces, which were once the Delight of a more vigorous


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 76 Ornamental Trees.—The taste for ornamental trees is increasing so rapidly in this country, that the following remarks from a contemporary, in reference to planting them, will be of service, “Our deciduous trees,” says the Home Journal, “do not bold their foliage half the year, and on this account, over- |mate, wo think, may be had on this side of thy Atlantic, where the prejudices of English partine-

= in England, by the political opinions of ka greens shonld enter largely into the = ship, at least, do not exist. Alison, it moet be at

erition, Tho “ Quarterly’ and Blackwood” are nerve weary of his praise; while with the “Edinburgh” aad “Weetminster* he is a standing jest <A fairer evti-

planting of grounds aronnd the dwelling; they { mitted, ia paine-taking and sincere, and though 3 should be planted densely on the sides toward the § high Tory, doea not intentionally misrepresent the prevailing cold winds, and placed toward the bound. § liberal side; but then, es with all men who feel w aries, in irregular and natoral belts and masses. } well sa thick, bis partialities frequently peavert bis The moat rapidty growing, and one of the most bean- | judgment unconsciously to himself. With thie kuse- tifal, is the Norway fir. The white pine, on fayor- {ledge of Hm, any refiecting reader may omeily tz able soila, will grow about as fast, Age the latter } where to believe Alison implicitly, and where to bald gtows to a large tree, it should be placed on the } his opinion suspended. Alison's style is often bom most diatant points, and allowed as much room ag $ baatio; but it is also fervid; and he certainly has the may be practicable, The hemlock, balaem, Gr, { feculty of awakening and mainteining the interes American arbor-vitew, white and black spruce, andj of bis reader. In an age Hke this, moreover, wha American pine, may be ittrodnoed and variously in- 3 thera ia ap much scarcely concealed skepticiem, it is termingled. Among the smaller evergreens, to be } s merit to be, like Alison, on the aide of Christianity. placed toward the inner side of tho plantings, sre % Such being the characteristics of thia writer, wa need the juzipor, the red cedar, the tree box, savin, £0.” 3 not say that we congider these two yolomes, on the — } Whole, a voluabie contribution to our historical liters- Progress or Ant. Gas Frxrrvaes.—In nothing | ture, The period is one of whieh leas is known ® is the progress of art, in the United States, mors per- } the rising generation than of any other period sines seplible than iz the improved etyler that are boing 3} the downfall of Constantinople; end this for the very introduced in gas-fixtures, First-rate pictures are} reason that it has been heretofore considered tao re- eostly affairs, and quite above ordinary purses. But} cent to engage the pan of the annalist. Jt will be sverybody, at least in sities and even villages, must § long alec bofore thers is a better history of the epech. have gas-fixtures. Those used to be whoily without $ To s repablican reader, the opinions of Alison on the elegance. But lately the most besutifal forms have } European revolutions will savor of m love of despo- been introduced for chandeliers, side-lights, and $ tiam; dat on the other hand they ere quita tos hibernl, other fixturea: and among the mannfaoturers, who 3 we have no question, for the Metternichs and King bare taken a lead ia thie reform, are Archer & War-$ Bombs, who have tyrannized, or still tyreeuisa, not of Philadelphia. These gentlemen are really $ abroad: so that even when one cannot join in the doing a vast deal for art, by making the most $ historian’s canolusiong, one is benofitted by the necw- artistic fixtures as cheap as the ugliest used to be, { sity that ariece of re-examining one's own opinions, and are thus familiarising the public with classic j and while rejecting what is erroneous, holding faut models, and so elevating tha popular taste. They 3 therenfter, all the more firmly, to what is tras. The print, we believe, & book of patterns, which they {two volames before ua hring the story down to the mail gratis when written for, 20 that persons, in any ¢ year 1832; but they are to be followed by othm, part of the United States, ean order from thia enter. ? which will condnot it to the coup @etat. Each rolume prising firm, Archer & Warner are at No.' 318 { contains searly five hundred octavo pages, printed Chesnut Stree Philadelphia. in double column, to match the preceding work by —_— the same author, “The History of Europe During Fare Pray.—Tho newspapers still continwe to} the French Revolution.” It would be an improve copy three stories from “Peterson” where they copy 3 ment, we think, if standard works, like this and Mot one story from any other Magazine, But, in some 3 ley’s “ Datoh Republic,” were substantially bound is easea, they forget to give ua credit, Fair play, gon-} half calf, inetead of in flimsy maaglin, which is & tlemen! As all our own atorien ars original, and ag } only for novels and other ephemeral books. you admit, by copying them, that they are betterthan; The Youth of the Old Dominion. By Samad those found elaewhere, it im but simple justice to ¢ Hopkins. iol. Boston: J. P. Jewett & Co.—This eredit them to “ Peterson.” in nots novel, nor even 8 history az history is gear
 * tally written; but a compound of both; for while the

} manner ie that of a fiction, the matter iz strictly es. REVIEW OF NEW BOOKS. The work is principally devoted to the extraordixary History of Exrope from the Fall of Napoleon in $ career of Capt. John Smith, the most eminent and 1815 to tha accesston of Zouts Napoleon in 1852, By § chivairie of the founders of Virginia, whove reecme Sir Archibaid Alison. Vols. and If, New York: § from death, by Pocahontas, iz one of the beat knawn Harpe & Brotherr, Philada: YT. B. Peterson— } and moat romantic eventa in history, The volume Alison’s merits a8 a historian are gonerally dater-} is handsomely printed.


text: Talk:The Smart Set/Volume 14/Issue 1/The Mission of Mr. Eustace Greyne