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 in. In Louisiana as well as many others of the slave states, great obstacles are thrown in the way of persons who have been wrongfully reduced to slavery regaining their freedom. A person claiming to be free must prove his right to his liberty. This, it will be seen, throws the burden of proof upon the slave, who, in all probability, finds it out of his power to procure such evidence. And if any free person shall attempt to aid a freeman in regaining his freedom, he is compelled to enter into security in the sum of one thousand dollars, and if the person claiming to be free shall fail to establish such fact, the thousand dollars are forfeited to the state. This cruel and oppressive law has kept many a freeman from espousing the cause of persons unjustly held as slaves. Mr. Morton inquired and found that the woman's story was true, as regarded the time she had lived with her present owner; but the latter not only denied that she was free, but immediately removed her from Morton's. Three months after Salome had been removed from Morton's and let out to another family, she was one morning cleaning the door steps, when a lady passing by, looked at the slave and thought she recognised some one that she had seen before. The lady shopped and asked the woman if she was a slave, "I am," said she." "Were you born a slave?" "No, I was born in Germany." "What's the name of the ship in which you came to this country?" inquired the lady. "I don't know," was the answer. "Was it the Amazon?" At the sound of this name, the slave woman was silent for a moment, and then the tears began to flow freely down her care-worn cheeks. "Would you know Mrs. Marshall, who was a passenger in the Amazon, if you should see her?" inquired the lady. At this the woman gazed at the lady with a degree of intensity that can be imagined better than

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 described, and then fell at the lady's feet. The lady was Mrs. Marshall. She had crossed the Atlantic in the same ship with this poor woman. Salome, like many of her countrymen, was a beautiful singer, and had often entertained Mrs. Marshall and the other lady passengers on board the Amazon. The poor woman was raised from the ground by Mrs. Marshall, and placed upon the door step that she had a moment before been cleaning. "I will do my utmost to rescue you from the horrid life of a slave," exclaimed the lady, as she took from her pocket her pencil, and wrote down the number of the house, and the street in which the German woman was working as a slave.

After a long and tedious trial of many days, it was decided that Salome Miller was by birth a free woman, and she was set at liberty. The good and generous Althesa had contributed some of the money toward bringing about the trial, and had done much to cheer on Mrs. Marshall in her benevolent object. Salome Miller is free, but where are her three children? They are still slaves, and in all human probability will die as such.

This, reader, is no fiction; if you think so, look over the files of the New Orleans newspapers of the years 1845-6, and you will there see reports of the trial.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

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text: Clotel/Chapter 14

title: Clotel/Chapter 14


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 "As to-morrow is the Sabbath," said Carlton, "if you have no objection, I will attend meeting with them." "Most certainly you shall, if you will do the preaching," returned the planter. Here the young man was about to decline, but he remembered the parting words of Georgiana, and he took courage and said, "Oh, I have no objection to give the negroes a short talk." It was then understood that Carlton was to have a religious interview with the blacks the next day, and the young man waited with a degree of impatience for the time.

In no part of the South are slaves in a more ignorant and degraded state than in the cotton, sugar, and rice districts.

If they are permitted to cease labour on the Sabbath, the time is spent in hunting, fishing, or lying beneath the shade of a tree, resting for the morrow. Religious instruction is unknown in the far South, except among such men as the Rev. C. C. Jones, John Peck, and some others who regard religious instruction, such as they impart to their slaves, as calculated to make them more trustworthy and valuable as property. Jones, aware that his slaves would make rather a bad show of intelligence if questioned by Carlton, resolved to have them ready for him, and therefore gave his driver orders with regard to their preparation. Consequently, after the day's labour was over, Dogget, the driver, assembled the negroes together and said, "Now, boys and gals, your master is coming down to the quarters to-morrow with his visitor, who is going to give you a preach, and I want you should understand what he says to you. Now many of you who came of Old Virginia and Kentuck, know what preaching is, and others who have been raised in these parts do not. Preaching is to tell you that you are mighty wicked and bad at heart. This, I suppose, you all

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 know. But if the gentleman should ask you who made you, tell him the Lord; if he ask if you wish to go to heaven, tell him yes. Remember that you are all Christians, all love the Lord, all want to go to heaven, all love your masters, and all love me. Now, boys and gals, I want you to show yourselves smart to-morrow: be on your p's and q's, and, Monday morning, I will give you all a glass of whiskey bright and early." Agreeable to arrangement the slaves were assembled together on Sunday morning under the large trees near the great house, and after going through another drilling from the driver, Jones and Carlton made their appearance. "You see," said Jones to the negroes, as he approached them, "you see here's a gentleman that's come to talk to you about your souls, and I hope you 'ill all pay that attention that you ought." Jones then seated himself in one of the two chairs placed there for him and the stranger.

Carlton had already selected a chapter in the Bible to read to them, which he did after first prefacing it with some remarks of his own. Not being accustomed to speak in public, he determined, after reading the Bible, to make it more of a conversational meeting than otherwise. He therefore began asking them questions. "Do you feel that you are a Christian?" asked he of a full-blooded negro that sat near him. "Yes, sir," was the response. "You feel, then, that you shall go to heaven." "Yes, sir." "Of course you know who made you?" The man put his hand to his head and began to scratch his wool; and, after a little hesitation, answered, "De overseer told us last night who made us, but indeed I forgot the gentmun's name." This reply was almost too much for Carlton, and his gravity was not a little moved. However, he bit his tongue, and turned to another man, who appeared, from his

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 looks, to be more intelligent. "Do you serve the Lord?" asked he. "No, sir, I don't serve anybody but Mr. Jones; I neber belong to anybody else." To hide his feelings at this juncture, Carlton turned and walked to another part of the grounds, to where the women were seated, and said to a mulatto woman who had rather an anxious countenance, "Did you ever hear of John the Baptist?" "Oh yes, marser, John de Baptist; I know dat nigger bery well indeed; he libs in Old Kentuck, where I come from." Carlton's gravity here gave way, and he looked at the planter and laughed right out. The old woman knew a slave near her old master's farm in Kentucky, and was ignorant enough to suppose that he was the John the Baptist inquired about. Carlton occupied the remainder of the time in reading Scripture and talking to them. "My niggers aint shown off very well to-day," said Jones, as he and his visitor left the grounds. "No," replied Carlton. "You did not get hold of the bright ones," continued the planter. "So it seems," remarked Carlton. The planter evidently felt that his neighbour, Parson Peck, would have a nut to crack over the account that Carlton would give of the ignorance of the slaves, and said and did all in his power to remove the bad impression already made; but to no purpose. The report made by Carlton, on his return, amused the parson very much. It appeared to him the best reason why professed Christians like himself should be slave-holders. Not so with Georgiana. She did not even smile when Carlton was telling his story, but seemed sore at heart that such ignorance should prevail in their midst. The question turned upon the heathen of other lands, and the parson began to expatiate upon his own efforts in foreign missions, when his daughter, with a child-like simplicity, said,

title: Page:Clotel (1853).djvu/144


text: An Account of Remarkable Cures, Performed by the Use of Maredant's Antiscorbutic Drops


text: An Account of Remarkable Cures, Performed by the Use of Maredant's Antiscorbutic Drops/Letter from A. Seymour


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 "I saw a curiosity while at Mr. Jones's that I shall not forget soon," said Carlton. "What was it?" inquired the parson. "A kennel of bloodhounds; and such dogs I never saw before. They were of a species between the bloodhound and the foxhound, and were ferocious, gaunt, and savage-looking animals. They were part of a stock imported from Cuba, he informed me. They were kept in an iron cage, and fed on Indian corn bread. This kind of food, he said, made them eager for their business. Sometimes they would give the dogs meat, but it was always after they had been chasing a negro." "Were those the dogs you had, papa, to hunt Harry?" asked Georgiana. "No, my dear," was the short reply: and the parson seemed anxious to change the conversation to something else. When Mr. Peck had left the room, Carlton spoke more freely of what he had seen, and spoke more pointedly against slavery; for he well knew that Miss Peck sympathised with him in all he felt and said.

"You mentioned about your father hunting a slave," said Carlton, in an under tone. "Yes," replied she; "papa went with some slave-catchers and a parcel of those nasty negro-dogs, to hunt poor Harry. He belonged to papa and lived on the farm. His wife lives in town, and Harry had been to see

title: Page:Clotel (1853).djvu/145


text: An Account of Remarkable Cures, Performed by the Use of Maredant's Antiscorbutic Drops/Letter from John Haines


text: An Account of Remarkable Cures, Performed by the Use of Maredant's Antiscorbutic Drops/Letter from Nathaniel Lane


text: An Account of Remarkable Cures, Performed by the Use of Maredant's Antiscorbutic Drops/Letter from Robert Shields


text:
Author:A. Seymour

Works

 * "Letter from A. Seymour" in An Account of Remarkable Cures, Performed by the Use of Maredant's Antiscorbutic Drops (1772)

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 her, and did not return quite as early as he should; and Huckelby was flogging him, and he got away and came here. I wanted papa to keep him in town, so that he could see his wife more frequently; but he said they could not spare him from the farm; and flogged him again, and sent him back. The poor fellow knew that the overseer would punish him over again, and instead of going back he went into the woods." "Did they catch him?" asked Carlton. "Yes," replied she. "In chasing him through the woods, he attempted to escape by swimming across a river, and the dogs were sent in after him, and soon caught him. But Harry had great courage and fought the dogs with a big club; and papa seeing the negro would escape from the dogs, shot at him, as he says, only to wound him, that he might be caught; but the poor fellow was killed." Overcome by relating this incident, Georgiana burst into tears.

Although Mr. Peck fed and clothed his house servants well, and treated them with a degree of kindness, he was, nevertheless, a most cruel master. He encouraged his driver to work the field-hands from early dawn till late at night; and the good appearance of the house-servants, and the preaching of Snyder to the field negroes, was to cause himself to be regarded as a Christian master. Being on a visit one day at the farm, and having with him several persons from the Free States, and wishing to make them believe that his slaves were happy, satisfied, and contented, the parson got out the whiskey and gave each one a dram, who in return had to drink the master's health, or give a toast of some kind. The company were not a little amused at some of the sentiments given, and Peck was delighted at every indication of contentment on the part of the blacks. At last it came to Jack's turn to drink, and the master expected something good from him, because

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 he was considered the cleverest and most witty slave on the farm.

"Now," said the master, as he handed Jack the cup of whiskey; "now, Jack, give us something rich. You know," continued he, "we have raised the finest crop of cotton that's been seen in these parts for many a day. Now give us a toast on cotton; come, Jack, give us something to laugh at." The negro felt not a little elated at being made the hero of the occasion, and taking the whiskey in his right hand, put his left to his head and began to scratch his wool, and said,

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text: Clotel/Chapter 13

title: Clotel/Chapter 13


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 love for Georgiana, and respect for her father, had induced Carlton to remain by the bedside of the dying man, although against the express orders of the physician. This act of kindness caused the young orphan henceforth to regard Carlton as her best friend. He now felt it his duty to remain with the young woman until some of her relations should be summoned from Connecticut. After the funeral, the family physician advised that Miss Peck should go to the farm., and spend the time at the country seat; and also advised Carlton to remain with her, which he did.

At the parson's death his negroes showed little or no signs of grief. This was noticed by both Carlton and Miss Peck, and caused no little pain to the latter. "They are ungrateful," said Carlton, as he and Georgiana were seated on the piazza. "What," asked she, "have they to be grateful for?" "Your father was kind, was he not?" "Yes, as kind as most men who own slaves; but the kindness meted out to blacks would be unkindness if given to whites. We would think so, should we not?" "Yes," replied he. "If we would not consider the best treatment which a slave receives good enough for us, we should not think he ought to be grateful for it. Everybody knows that slavery in its best and mildest form is wrong. Whoever denies this, his lips libel his heart. Try him! Clank the chains in his ears, and tell him they are for him; give him an hour to prepare his wife and children for a life of slavery; bid him make haste, and get ready their necks for the yoke, and their wrists for the coffle chains; then look at his pale lips and trembling knees, and you have nature's testimony against slavery."

"Let's take a walk," said Carlton, as if to turn the conversation. The moon was just appearing

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 through the tops of the trees, and the animals and insects in an adjoining wood kept up a continued din of music. The croaking of bull-frogs, buzzing of insects, cooing of turtle-doves, and the sound from a thousand musical instruments, pitched on as many different keys, made the welkin ring. But even all this noise did not drown the singing of a party of the slaves, who were seated near a spring that was sending up its cooling waters. "How prettily the negroes sing," remarked Carlton, as they were wending their way towards the place from whence the sound of the voices came. "Yes," replied Georgiana; "master Sam is there, I'll warrant you: he's always on hand when there's any singing or dancing. We must not let them see us, or they will stop singing." "Who makes their songs for them?" inquired the young man. "Oh, they make them up as they sing them; they are all impromptu songs" By this time they were near enough to hear distinctly every word; and, true enough, Sam's voice was heard above all others. At the conclusion of each song they all joined in a hearty laugh, with an expression of "Dats de song for me;" "Dems dems."

"Stop," said Carlton, as Georgiana was rising from the log upon which she was seated; "stop, and let's hear this one." The piece was sung by Sam, the others joining in the chorus, and was as follows:

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 The song was not half finished before Carlton regretted that he had caused the young lady to remain and hear what to her must be anything but pleasant reflections upon, her deceased parent. "I think we will walk," said he, at the same time extending his arm to Georgiana. "No," said she; "let's hear them out. It is from these unguarded expressions of the feelings of the negroes, that we should learn a lesson." At its conclusion they walked towards the house in silence: as they were ascending the steps, the young man said, "They are happy, after all. The negro, situated as yours are, is not aware that he is deprived of any just rights." "Yes, yes," answered Georgiana: "you may place the slave where you please; you may dry up to your utmost the fountains of his feelings, the springs of his thought; you may yoke him to your labour, as an ox which liveth only to work, and worketh only to live; you may put him under any process which, without destroying his value as a slave, will debase and crush him as a rational being; you may do this, and the idea that he was born to be free will survive it all. It is allied to his hope of immortality; it is the ethereal part of his nature, which oppression cannot reach; it is a torch lit up in his soul by the hand of Deity, and never meant to be extinguished by the hand of man."

On reaching the drawing-room, they found Sam snuffing the candles, and looking as solemn and as dignified as if he had never sung a song or laughed in his life. "Will Miss Georgy have de supper got up now?" asked the negro. "Yes," she replied. "Well," remarked Carlton, "that beats anything I ever met with. Do you think that was Sam we heard singing?" "I am sure of it," was the answer. "I could not have believed that that fellow was capable of so much deception," continued

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 he. "Our system of slavery is one of deception; and Sam, you see, has only been a good scholar. However, he is as honest a fellow as you will find among the slave population here. If we would have them more honest, we should give them their liberty, and then the inducement to be dishonest would be gone. I have resolved that these creatures shall all be free." "Indeed!" exclaimed Carlton. "Yes, I shall let them all go free, and set an example to those about me." "I honour your judgment," said he. "But will the state permit them to remain?" "If not, they can go where they can live in freedom. I will not he unjust because the state is."

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text: Clotel/Chapter 16

title: Clotel/Chapter 16


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Page:Peterson Magazine 1869B.pdf/70

 REVIEW

W BOOKS. OF NE

75

By T. A. Trollope. 1 vol., 12 mo. Leonora Casaloni. A NEW VOLUME of this Magazine begins with the present Philada : T. B. Peterson & Brothers .-Those who have been number. This will afford a good opportunity to subscribe, delighted , as we have, with "Gemma," " Marietta ," and specially to those persons who do not wish the back num- "Beppo," will be glad to have another Italian novel by the bers. New subscribers, however, who prefer to begin with same author. The pictures of life in Italy, as drawn by the January number, can be accommodated, as back num- Trollope, are as charming as they are true. In the present work, the description of the basilica of St. John of Lateran , bers for the current year are always kept on hand. at Rome, of the hills on the sea-coast where Leonora --IF YOU TRAVEL, be civil and accommodating to all. Nobe- lived, and of the wild passes of the Appenines through which Ceasare traveled, are among the most vivid things of their thing betrays your character more quickly than your kind in fiction. The character of Gobbo is quite an original havior when traveling in crowded cars. one, and the poor fellow strangely enlists our sympathies. LE d NE ishe PTAB in MAGAZI publ "THE BEST AND MOST ACCE 's rson ey ier try . The volume is printed in very handsome style. this coun ," says the Vall (Va.) Cour, " is Pete Hans Breitmann About Town. With Other New Ballads. Itis our favorite of all such works published anywhere." Philada : T. B. Peter leshers Leland .is a1 vol., By G. .-This 8 ro. ERS g CRIB ar ttin e CLUB SUBS , by remi one doll, can hav the son Char & Brot series of the "Haus Breitsecond "Star of Bethlehem." We make this offer in reply to numer- mann's Ballads ," and contains an entirely new set of these humorous productions. It is printed on tinted paper, in a ons requests. r e ce AN OPPORTUNITY, ONCE LOST, is never recovered. Life is a very elegant manner. We refe to our noti of thes ballads, in the May number, for our opinion of them in detail. oad n s railr trai and stop for no laggards. Agnes Wentworth. By E. Foxton. 1 vol., 12 mo. Philada : J. B. Lippincott & Co.-We have here a new novel by the author of" Herman," and " Sir Pavon and St. Pavon," works REVIEW OF NEW BOOKS. which attracted a good deal of attention when they first r per ishe in the Publ Andrew Bradford, the First Newspa appeared. " Agnes Wentworth" shows a marked advance, vol., ro. 1 8 Middle States. By Horatio Gates Jones. even on these. We cordially commend it to the novel -reading ly inal ess g ada rd.—This orig , is an addr Phil : Kin & Bai public. Like all the books of this house, it is printed in read before the Historical Society of Pennsylvania, and since published by a resolution of that Association. It is a very superior style. well-written memoir of Andrew Bradford, one of the Notes, Critical, Explanatory and Practical, on the Book of early printers of Pennsylvania, and the first person to Psalms. By Rer. Albert Barnes. 3 vols., 12 mo. New York: a newspaper in the Middle States. The family of Harper & Brothers .- This is by the author of "Notes on the • startford s was a family of printers . Andrew's father was a New Testament ," " Lectures on the Evidences of ChrisBrad printer, in both New York and Philadelphia : his mother tianity," etc., etc., one of the ablest of the commentators on was the daughter of a London printer, quite eminent in the y Scripture. time of the Commonwealth ; and Andrew himself was a HolThe Girls ofFeversham. By Florence Maryatt. 1 vol., 8vo. prominent printer in Philadelphia for nearly half a century. Boston : Loring.-This is the last and best of Miss Maryatt's He printed the first edition of the laws of the colony, and novels. It forms one of that popular series, " Loring's Railsubsequently a second edition, besides various books of a way Library," and comes in, at this period of the year, quite lighter character. His journal, the Mercury, was ably conducted, and held its own, even after Franklin started a rival seasonably. The Cloud on the Heart. By A. S. Roe. 1 rol., 12 mo. Andrew Bradford was a leading citizen of his day and to it.e. He was a vestryman in Christ Church for many New York: G. W. Carleton .- We are glad to welcome Mr. plac years, and a member of the City Council, both offices indicat- Roe back to the field of fiction. His earlier novels were ing a much higher social position than they would now. Mr. all good of their kind, sensible, honest, realistic, full of Jones is a Vice President of the Historical Society, and local color. We consider this last fiction his best. already favorably known to the literary public ; but in this Only Temper. By Mrs. C. J. Newby. 1 vol., 8 vo. Philada : excellent memoir he has added to his reputation ; for nothing Turner Brothers & Co.-A very readable novel, printed in double-column octavo, and forming number eight of of the kind could be done in better taste. The Malay Archipelago. By Alfred Russel Wallace. 1 "Turners' Select Novels." By Horatio Alger, Jr. 1 rok, rol., 12 mo. New York: Harper & Brothers .- This author Boy. Mark, the ng.-A well-written story for boys, on: hLori BostMatc has already written two very excellent works, " Travels ly printed and bound. It forms the third in the " Ragneatmo. on the Amazon and Rio Negro ," and " Palm Trees of the 16 Amazon ." In the volume before us, he devotes himself to ." Late To Mend. By Charles Reade. 1 vol., Serir esToo a group of islands, of which very little is popularly known : gedItDick Is Neve that Malay Archipelago which includes Borneo, Java, Su- 8 vo. New York: Harper & Brothers .-A cheap edition of matra, and Celebes : a terra incognita, comparatively, even one of the best of Reade's novels. The story, to a certain in the nineteenth century. As Mr. Wallace well says, in extent, turns on convict life. bis title -page, this Archipelago is the land of the Orangutan Dotty Dimple at School. By Sophie May. 1 vol., 24 mo. and the Bird of Paradise : we may add, of wonderful trees, Boston : Lee & Shepard .-A story for young children. It is the famous Upas included, and of strange races that even yet suggest " monsters and chimeras dire." Hence the book one ofthe "Dotty Dimple Series ." ng on is one of the freshest we have read for years. We have Farming by Inches. 1 vol.,es12 mo. Bost : Lorins .- Indevoured it, in fact, with something of the same ardor with tended to show the advantag of science and brai as apch ,we to devo the ago. of the oodur narrativ whiors k isearl our boyh of navi valu-- plied to agriculture. Very will written. , long fullier in used Thees wor gat Kathleen. By the author of "Raymond's Heroine." 1 vol., ion r ring incident 8 vo. New York : Harper & Brothers.-Hardly an improveable informat, howeve , as well as of stir and novel adventure. It is neatly printed and bound, and ment on the earlier work by the same author. The Ark of Elm Island. By Rev. E. Kellogg, 1 vol., is profusely illustrated. Boston : Lee & Shepard .- A tale for boys, very well Salt-Water Dick. By May Mannering. 1 vol., 16 mo. mo.forming one of the "Elm Island Stories ." told, Boston : Lee & Shepard.-A storyfor juveniles, well written , 16 and making part of the "Helping -Hand Series."

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 EDITOR'S

TABLE.

EDITORIAL CHIT- CHAT. RUNNING UP STAIRS is as healthy a method of exercise as INTRODUCTIONS AT PARTIES, even at dinuer-parties, are can be taken. It sends the air to the remotest brauches of ceasing to be the fashion. At least, in many houses, both the windpipe and to the air-cells, distending them to their in Philadelphia and in New York, it has been the custom for fullest capacity, and thus greatly promotes lung developthe past year not to introduce people. The new fashion ment, and wards off consumption from the narrow-chested comes to us from abroad. We notice it in order to con- and sedentary. Such a feat, performed at three regular demn it. People who live permaneutly in New York, Phila- times every day, together with some pumping operation, delphia, or Boston, and who go out much in society, gener- would cause a physical development of the chest in a few ally know each other, at least by sight, or know something weeks, or months, at most, which actual measurement about each other, which answers all ordinary social pur- would mathematically demonstrate ; having the advantage poses. They arrive, at any rate, at some superficial know- over gymnasiums and out-door rides or walks, in that it ledge of the exterior of the chief men and women whom can be attended to every day, rain or shine, cold or hot, they meet, and learn to know them, as it were, by head and without costing any money. It is to be hoped that mark. But, after all, to know who every one is, is quite many an invalid and sedentary reader will note the su_Lesimpossible even for such devotees ; and to visitors, to whom tion and practice upon it. By beginning slowly, and cally all the world is not known, the effect produced by the habit going faster, you can soon ascend the stairs, two at a tine. ofnon-introduction must be perfectly bewildering Of course, the exercise will not suit all, especially al Besides the visitors from the country, there are also women; and it is especially hurtful to people with heartpeople with whom the claims of society are not made mat- disease. But most persons will find themselves greatly ters of paramount importance, but who yet desire, occasion- benefited by it, iftaken with discretion. ---ally, to enter into the world. Both these sets of people are BECOMING BONNETS, strange to say, are worn by very few lost at an evening-party under the present arrangement. Unless they recognize one or two friends, they have no one women. One can see in almost any store the sort of boutets with whom they can converse. After all is said, too, about which would suit to a nicety; but they are either left unthe pleasure of seeing one's friends, it must be allowed that { bought, or are worn by women for whom they were never we go into society with the hope of seeing new faces and intended. When a man goes into a bonnet store, and exgetting to know fresh people, rather than with the inten- amines the various devices which are exhibited around him, tion of simply meeting all the people with whom we were he wonders that a woman is ever seen with a bonnet on quite well acquainted before. Of course, it may be said that which does not set her face off to advantage. But a dark people who meet in society and know that there are to be woman will stick a monstrous green bonnet upon her head, no introductions, ought to take it for granted that all the or a fair woman will wear red, or a sallow woman yellow, people present are persons whom they would like to know and never think that she is doing herself an injury, and the if they do not, and that conversations should go on accord- } public, who are obliged to look upon her, a wrong. The ingly. They ought to do so, indeed, but practically they do ribbons or trimming are often in shocking contrast with the Lething of the kind; and one result is that in the inter- color of her dress. It may be said that some people have course of society people really make fewer, instead of more no eye for harmony of color, but those who do possess the gift seldom have the courage to follow their own ideas. numerous, acquaintances than under the old system. Ladies are the chief sufferers by this plan. There are not They take what is recommended to them in the store. many among them who, finding themselves in a society ALPHABET FOR MARKING.- In the front of the number, we where few or none of the members were personal acquaintances, could summon up heart of grace to approach and give the first half of an Alphabet for Marking, printed in enter into conversation with others. It is very well to say colors. The rest of the Alphabet, with numerals from che they might, but the fact is they do not. Besides, it spoils to ten, will be published in the August issue. Work the the zest of conversation not to know to whom we are outlines in chain-stitch with black sewing-silk ; fill in with speaking; to have no special mode of address, and no ready Turkey red working-cotton in satin-stitch; stuffing the means of identification of our interlocutor with any one of letter well before doing the over-stitch. Work all the the people whom we desire to become acquainted with, and black in chain-stitch, making the solid parts by working whom we know to be present. At dinner-parties, especially, the chain-stitch close. This is the only Magazine, remem→ this habit of not introducing persons is particularly absurd. ber, that gives these colored patterns. You sit, perhaps, for two or three hours, at the side of a A VALUABLE SECRET.-The unpleasant odor produced by lady whom you do not know, and who, for all you can tell to the coutrary, may think you impertinent if you address respiration is the source of vexation to persons who are her. Really, this habit of imitating foreign customs, when subject to it. Procure some compound spirits of ammonia, they have no applicability to our own social institutions, is and place about two tablespoonfuls in a basin of water. going too far. Fashionable Americans are fast becoming- Washing the face, hands, and arms with this, leaves the we must use the phrase, though we do not like it- uumiti- skin as clean, neat and fresh as one could wish. The wash is perfectly harmless, and very cheap. It is recommended gated snobs. on the authority of an experienced physician, and it ought TEA IN RUSSIA is made by putting the tea-leaves into a to be tried, at least, by all those whose persons are so offentea-pot, and pouring boiling water over them. After stand- sive in this respect. ing two minutes, the beverage is poured out into glass tumIT IS NEVER TOO LATE to subscribe for this periodical. blers placed on glass saucers, and is sweetened with sugar and flavored with a slice of lemon. No milk is used. Being “ Home is not home," a lady writes, " without Peterson's left to stand longer than two minutes is supposed to impair } Magazine." its flavor, by bringing out the coarser qualities of the leaves, FORGIVE, BUT ALSO FORGET.-To remember injuries is not Made this way the tea has a clear and sparkling appearance Christian-like. Forget, as well as forgive. when poured out into the tumbler. 74

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 HANDKERCHIEF- BOX, WITH PIN - CUSHION TOP. BY MRS. JANE WEAVER.

THIS box is made of deal, and measures ten inches square, and three inches and a half deep. The inside of the box, and the outside of the lid are covered with quilted blue glace silk ; five squares in Cluny are fastened on the cover. On the outside of the cover, where the outer and inner coverings are joined together, sew on fine olue silk braid ; make a loop in front, as seen

in illustration. The sides of the box are covered on the outside by a quilling of blue satin ribbon. Round the edge of the outside and inside sew on a ruche of narrower satin ribbon. Fasten a button in front to correspond with the loop. At the sides the lid is fastened on the top by means of narrow ribbon. The top forms a pincushion.

EDGINGS.

73

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 72

COVER FOR MUSIC-STOOL.

round them sixteen double, and inclose the chain teen stitcues, work double round them. The in the same manner as for the larger ones. For slightly bent shape is given in sewing them on each double leaf make a chain of twelve or four- with black silk, which also forms the veins. The fringe forthe outer trimming, represented in No. 3, consists principally of crochet picots containing five chain, and one double in the first of these. Crochet always eleven of these picots in one row ; then reckoning the last as the point of one of the bunches of fringe, work upon the remaining ten, ten more picots back, looping each middle double-stitch in the chain taken up by the double of the picot of the first row; six chain form the joining to the next fringe bunch, the three first picots of which are joined onby single instead of three chain to the three upper picots of the finished fringe. When the fringe is sufficiently long, join it by the last pattern to the round, crochet five double round the six chain at the joining of the separate patterns ; and for the upper conclusion work a picot row, containing alternately one picot and one double in every other stitch of the preceding row. The fringe measures five inches in length, and the tufts are two threads thick, tied on as shown in the design ; and the heading is carefully sewn to the edge of the net, as shown in No. 1. The little leaves extending from the fringe are ornamented with picots ; the larger contains six, the smaller four picots on each side.

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 COVER

FOR

MUSIC - STOOL ,

IN CROCHET APPLIQUE ON NET. BY MRS. JANE WEAVER.

ll l l /l l l l l l l l l l l l

MATERIALS. -Coarse net, boar's-head cotton, } 2nd row: One double again in each double of No. 30, red marking cotton, black ingrain silk. the ring, working through the whole stitch, and No. 1 shows the entire cover much reduced in between them seven chain, in order to form one size ; No. 2 a part of the wreath in the proper of the outer picots ; by these the finished flower size. The net foundation measures twelve and is afterward fastened firmly with red stitches on the net. a quarter inches. For each of the large flowers ornamenting The inner ring is fastened on the net with this round, commence with one hundred and white, and consists of a calyx of stamens formed eight stitches, close the last twelve in a ring, with tufts of thread, in the same manner as the and crochet round them twenty-four double. { well-known woolen balls, with skeins of thread Previously to working each stitch draw the of thirty threads thick, tied round at regular loop always through the fourth following stitch distances and cut in separate balls. For the small flowers make a chain of eightyof the chain, hanging free at the ring, so as to one stitches, close eight of these in a ring, work lay in curled picots at the ring. 71

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 DIAGRAM OF BASQUINE

70

FOR A YOUNG

MISS.

THIS is a Basquine, with a Pelerine Garrick, { On this page we give a diagram by which to for a young Miss of twelve or fourteen years cut out the basquine. A. HALF OF FRONT OF BASQUINE. of age. In the design, we give a back and B. HALF OF BACK OF BASQUINE. front view complete. The bottom of the bas-

3/2IN

721

72

1

12IN

24 IN-

28IN C

B

A 28IN

24 IN

272IN

33/2 IN

10 %

25IN

102 IN 13 N

9I

8I

N

N

5½I

42

IN LU

E

14I

20IN

N

13N IN

28

EN

quine is finished with a flounce set on four { C. SIDE- PIECE OF BACK. D. UPPER AND UNDER Part of SLEEVE. inches in depth, cut bias and bound with black satin on the bottom. The pelerine is trimmed { E. PELERINE GARRICK. to simulate three capes, with a serpentine braid This is a very seasonable, as well as a very above a binding of black satin. pretty, article of dress.

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 NEW

PATTERN

FOR

A

NIGHT - CAP.

BY MRS. JANE WEAVER.

WE give here an engraving of a new style of Also an illustration of it, when off the head, so Night- Cap, as it appears when being worn. as to show how it may be made.

BASQUINE

FOR

A A

YOUNG

MISS.

BY EMILY H. MAY.

69 69

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 C8

VARIETIES FOR THE MONTII.

in front and train-shaped at the back ; a large bow of pink satin is placed halfway up the skirt. Underskirt of white satin, trimmed with a gathered flounce and a bouillon with a heading, the whole of the same material. Opera- cloak of black satin, lined with crimson, or any other suitable color, trimmed with gold cord as seen in the engraving. This opera-cloak will be a suitable wrap, when going out to an evening- party, in summer.

Next we give an in-door toilet, with quite a new style of trimming, and one equally charming for a dress of black silk, or for one of colored silk. The train alone is formed by four flounces, gradually dereasing toward the waist ; the first flounce is finished off on each side by a rosette; the flounces are headed by a puff; the front part of the dress is quite plain, with a row of silk buttons. Plain, high bodice ; coat -sleeves, trimmed with small flounces. The top one is placed upward; it is, indeed, remarkable, that this sumThese, in addition to what we give in the mer, trimmings on the shoulders are all placed front of the number, are the most noticeable of with the headings upward, and not falling back the new dresses for the month. They are all upon the sleeve, as it used to be last winter. favorite styles in Europe.

DESIGNS IN BERLIN WOOL FOR BAGS, SLIPPERS, ETC.

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 VARIETIES

FOR

THE

MONTH.

BY EMILY H. MAY. THE advent of summer begins to make people think of watering-places. Already, ladies in our great cities are talking of Saratoga, Newport, Sharon, Long Branch, Cape May, and the White Mountains. As a matter of health, those who live near the sea are benefited by going, in summer, to the hills or to the interior, while

therefore, we give a pretty bathing-dress and some appropriate watering- place toilets. A pretty bathing-dress is very rare, but the one we give is really elegant. It is made of striped blueand-white serge, and trimmed with blue of a darker shade. The "bottines " are of canvas, bordered at the tops with blue, and have flexible leather soles. At the back of the cap, to which a couple of blue streamers are generally attached, is an oilskin- bag designed those who reside in the interior, away from the } ocean, derive new health and spirits , from to hold the bather's back-hair. Our second engraving represents a very spending a few weeks beside the "boisterous stylish evening-dress of pink poult de soie, deep." At least, this is what the physicians say ; shot with white ; it is trimmed round the botand such is also our experience, for it is change tom with a flounce of Honiton lace, headed with of air that is required, more than anything else. a ruche of pink satin. This dress is looped up As appropriate for this time of the year, 67 VOL. LVI.-5

od

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 76

OUR ARM- CHAIR.-MUSICAL CORNER.

OUR ARM- CHAIR. Mas. ANN S. STEPHENS' NOVELS are published by T. B. Peterson & Brothers, No. 306 Chestnut street, Philadelphia, bound in paper cover, as follows : · $1.50 Curse ofGold, · 1 50 Mabel's Mistake, · 1 50 Doubly False, · 1 50 The Soldier's Orphans, - 1 50 Silent Struggles, - 150 The Wife's Secret, 1 50 The Rejected Wife, 150 Mary Derwent, 1 50 Fashion and Famine, 150 The Old Homestead, The Heiress, · 150 150 The Gold Brick, Or, bound in cloth, at $175 each. On receipt of the money, T. B. Peterson & Brothers will send, post-paid, a copy of either of the above to any address. THE MASON & HAMLIN ORGAN COMPANY, even with their immense factory, are barely able to supply the demand for their celebrated instruments, though they finish and deliver from one hundred to one hundred and fifty Organs every week. It is part of their system to print their lowest prices, which are fixed and invariable. They sell always at smallest remunerative profits ; and as cost of production is diminished by invention of new machinery, prices are reduced. They send their circulars, with full particulars, free of charge, to any one desiring them ; and they contain a great amount of information which must be ofimportance to any one thinking of buying an Organ. FIVE HUNDRED SUITS.- Miss S. II. Alexander, of Newbern, Va., writes:-" We have had our Wheeler & Wilson machine for ten years; have made five hundred suits of heavy cloth upon it, quite a number of tents- which is very heavy work -a quantity of family sewing, from the finest material to the coarsest, and never spent a cent for repairs. I have seen a great many other machines, but would not now exchange mine for any other." ADVERTISEMENTS inserted in this periodical at reasonable rates. "Peterson" is the most valuable vehicle in the United States for advertising, for it has a larger circulation than any other Magazine, and goes to every town, village, and cross-ronds in the Nation. For terms, etc., address PETERSON'S MAGAZINE, 306 Chestnut street, Philadelphia. " THE CURSE OF GOLD," says the Philadelphia Press, "is Mrs. Stephens' best story, after ' Fashion and Famine,' which, after many years, we remember with pleasure." It is published by T. B. Peterson & Brothers, 306 Chestnut street, Philadelphia. Price, in cloth, 1.75 : in paper covers, $1.50.

BOTH A NECESSITY AND LUXURY. -The Doylestown (Pa.) Democrat says :-"The writers for ' Peterson's Magazine' are of acknowledged merit, standing foremost in their rank, as first-class American authors. Such a periodical cannot fail of being a success, for it is both a necessity and a luxury." MUSICAL CORNER. HOW TO SING BALLADS.- After all, it is the well sung ballad that gives the most universal pleasure in the home circle. It is the ballad that moves the sympathies and enchains the attention of the majority of hearers. Few amateurs can hope to sing Italian music in a manner that shall satisfy ears accustomed to the singing of the great operatic " Stars; " but those who, by the aidof taste, feeling,

and expression, can succeed in giving full interpretation to an English, Irish, or Scotch song or ballad, may rely upoa finding attentive and delighted listeners even among the most zealous of opera habitues. Vocal solos may be divided into two classes—songs and ballads. Songs may be sacred or secular : but they do not, of necessity, embody a story. It may even be questioned whether they must, of necessity, be expressed in words. The song of the nightingale calls in no aid of language ; but it is a song, and one of the best of songs, nevertheless. The famons variations to Rode's air, the glory and delight of florid vocalists, though executed upon the open sound of A, with never a word in it from beginning to end, is in the same way a song. A Song, however, in the ordinary accep tation of the word, is an expression of feeling or sentiment in verse, unallied to any dramatic or narrative interest. A Ballad, on the contrary, embodies some story or legend. To take two instances, familiar to every reader-Waller's exquisite lines, beginning " Go, lovely rose,'" offer one of the best specimens of the genus Song, while Professor Kingsley's well-known " Three Fishers" may fairly stand as our representative of the Ballad. The first step toward singing a ballad should be a careful study of the words. These should be considered from every point of view, and read aloud with every effort to give them full expression, either by retarding or hurrying, raising or lowering the voice, in accordance with the sentiments of the story. When the best interpretation-or, as it is technically called, the best “ reading”—of the poem has been decided upon, the singer has then to study the resources and capability of the melody, and to practice till she suc ceeds in singing the words with precisely those same dramatic and sensational effects of utterance which she employed when reading them aloud. But to do this is by no means easy. It is often difficult to pronounce a harshsounding word on a high note. It sometimes happens that the very word which should be delivered with most power falls upon the weakest note of the singer's voice. Grating consonants must often be softened down. Vowels must sometimes be made the most of. Sibillants, above all, re quire the most dexterous treatment. For these, and a hundred similar emergencies, the ballad-singer must le always prepared. The art of taking breath is also of considerable importance. Only the merest tyro would, of course, take breath in the middle of a word ; but to avod this one error is not enough. The singer must be careful never to take breath in a way that breaks the flow of a sentence, or interrupts the sense of the words. The poem, whether read or sung, must be respected above all else; for to sing, be it remembered, is but to recite vocally. A good singer punctuates by taking breath judiciously. There are, ofcourse, passages in some ballads where, in order to give the effect of strong passion, such as hope, terror, joy. despair, the singer finds it necessary to let the breath eme and go in that fluttering, intermitting way, which, in cases of real emotion, is caused by the accelerated action of the heart. Again, there are occasions when the voice seems to fail from emotion, and where the words are interrupted by pauses, or broken by repressed sobs. Effects of this kind, when skillfully indicated rather than broadly expressed, give immense charm to the rendering of a pathetic ballad; provided always that they are not indulged in too frequently. The efforts of every singer should be bounded by the capabilities of her voice. She should know her own voice thoroughly, its strong and weak points, its shoals and quicksands, its utmost limits. Those who attempt to strain the voice beyond its natural compass inevitably sacrifice expression and accentuation to an unwise ambition. The consciousness of effort is fatal to that self-possession, that ease of delivery, and that freedom of thought, without which it is impossible to express delicate shades of meaning, of

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 THE GARDEN.

OUR

the fluctuations of emotion. Nor is this all. The singer who attempts to force her voice beyond its own natural limits, can only gain compass at the expense of sweetness and strength. For every high or low note unduly acquired, the whole middle register is made to suffer. Her voice, thus impoverished, is also less durable. It becomes, ere-long, thin, quavering, and unreliable, and finally deserts her come years sooner than it would have done with fair play and commonly careful treatment. Finally, every singer should be able to play her own accompaniment. Granted that she has a mother or sister always at hand, trained to the work, thoroughly familiar with every song she sings, and prepared beforehand for every shade of expression ; still there must come occasions when this alter ego is missing, and when the singer must either play for herself or trust to the tender mercies of an unaccustomed accompanist, or be silent altogether. That she should be able to play for herself is, of course, the one thing needful and desirable; and if she cannot do this, she had far better choose the latter alternative, and not sing at all. She may, however, rely upon it, that (excepting only, perhaps, the professor whose pupil she is, and who, having taught her the song, is competent to lead her) she is, at all times and under all circumstances, her own best accompanist. No one else can so well know when to bear up her voice by playing loudly, when to play softly, when to hurry, when to loiter. No one else can be in such entire sympathy with her. There is, of course, a class of songs (as the Italian bravura or the more florid sacred song of Handel) in which the singer can only command sufficient breath by standing upright, and having nothing else to do or think of but attack and overcome difficulties of elaborate execution; but our business on the present occasion is with the Bailad, and not the operatic scena.

THE GARDEN. THE PLEASURES OF GARDENING.-It is not to be denied that there is great satisfaction to be derived from the skillful labors of others, and much gratification obtained by having a regular gardener; but let those who have gardens, and yet cannot afford this luxury, comfort themselves by the thought that the actual enjoyment of gardening, as of most other pursuits, is greater in proportion to the pains we have personally taken in it. The love of work for work's sake is not common, but something resembling this is undoubtedly one of the sources of much healthy enjoyment. Show us a person who does like work, of whatever nature, mental or mechanical, who puts his heart and his mind into it, and who is not satisfied unless he has done it as well as he can, and we will show you a happy man or woman. So, among the many advantages a garden brings with it the gratification of this healthy love of work is not the least ; where this love is not, the sooner it is acquired the better, and few pursnits help on the acquisition so well as gardening. If it extends from this pleasant occupation to more serious and naturally irksome work, so much the better. The same rule applies to dull, dry, uninteresting work of every kind. The true plan for making it pleasant is to endeavor to do it (whatever it is) as perfectly as possible. No one was ever yet interested in work who did it any way; for not only is the result of such careless labor most unsatisfactory, so that it is often labor lost, but the work itself is insufferably tedious. But set to with a will, resolve and endeavor to do it neatly and completely, to make your work look well, to make it finished work, and, whether you will or not, you will feel an interest in it while doing it, and a pleasure in contemplating it when done, utterly unknown to the slovenly worker. "In all labor there is profit." It may be added, that in

NEW

COOK- BOOK.

77

almost all labor there may be pleasure, if we do it well and are not overtasked, for then, alas ! "Labor dire it is and weary woe." There is a certain charm to most people in the mechanical part of their work ; they like doing it, they cannot tell why, even where it is so purely mechanical as to leave the mind free to follow its own fancies. The fingers seem to feel pleasure in being employed ; and no one who has ever tried the experiment can deny the fact, that, when suffering under anxiety, aye, or even in sorrow, they have found more relief of mind from some work of the hand than they could derive from attempts to occupy and employ the mind. Any gardening work takes a high rank among the efficacious means of soothing and occupying a harassed mind; and it would be ungrateful, indeed, to Him who " gives us all things richly to enjoy," not to acknowledge His goodness in thus making work so often an alleviation of our cares, and also in granting us the means of recreation and relief that such pleasant labor confers. I have rambled off from the subject of our garden to the delights of hearty work, but I will allow myself the pleasure of an extract to my subject. "Yes, we should all have our work to do ; work of some kind. I do not look upon him as an object of compassion who finds it in hard manual labor, so long as the frame is not overtasked, and springs after rest with renewed vigor to its toil. Hard labor is a source of more pleasure în a great city, in a single day, than all which goes by the especial name of pleasure throughout the year. We must all have our task. We are wretched without it."

wwwwww OUR NEW COOK - BOOK. Every receipt in this Cook-Book has been tested by a practical housekeeper. BARON BRISSE'S RECEIPTS. Valenciennes Rice.- Heat half a pint of good olive-oil, or halfa pound of fresh butter, in a sauce-pan, until a slight vapor arises; then throw in half a pound of large rice and some pieces ofveal or poultry, or even clams, taking care that the fragments are of small dimensions. Add chopped onions, tomatoes, and sweet peppers, if you have them, a pinch of powdered saffron, a little chopped parsley, salt and pepper, and a clove of garlic, if you like it; leave it ten minutes, then pour about a pint of water in the sauce-pan, and cover it up. The rice will soon swell, and after half an hour or three-quarters at the most, the water will have disappeared. Then throw all into a colander, skim off the oil which has not been absorbed ; turn out the rice, which will now be of a fine yellow, upon a dish, place this dish in a hot oven a moment to brown the surface, and serve it, accompanied with lemons, which each guest may use at his pleasure. Fried Clams.- Melt a lump of butter in a sauce-pan ; stir in a little flour ; add a little raw ham, hashed, some slices of onions, two or three chopped mushrooms, pot-herbs, and a head of cloves ; moisten with broth, and put over the fire; let it stew half away; pass through the colander, warm it over, thicken with the yolks of two eggs, withdraw it from the fire, and keep this sauce, which should be pretty thick, hot. Take the clams from their shells and dip them one by one in the warm sance ; put them to cool separately ; fry them carefully, one by one also, until they are nicely browned; pile them up on a dish and serve. A garnish of fried parsley is the best ornament for this dish of clams, which I can recommend to my readers. To Improve Maccaroni.- While the water is boiling in which the maccaroni cooks at its ease, and at the moment you think it is done, throw into the sauce-pan a large glass of cold water, and take it immediately from the fire. This fresh water has the effect of hardening the paste of the maccaroni and renewing its consistence.

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 78

OUR NEW

соок - воок.

Fresh Codfish a la Hollandaise.--After having emptied and scraped the cod, wipe it, put a handful of coarse salt in the interior, sprinkle both sides with fiue salt, and let it lie thus several hours in a cool place. Before cooking, tie the head, make some incisions in the back, put it to soak in fresh water, place it afterward in a fish-kettle, pour boiling salt water over it, and put it on the fire until it comes to a boil. Withdraw the fish-kettle without allowing it actually to boil, and let it keep at this temperature for three hours. During this time boil twenty potatoes in some of the liquor. To serve, put the fish on a dish, back upward, peel the potatoes, surround the fish with them, mingled with parsley, and send it to table accompanied with a sauce-boat of melted butter seasoned with salt, pepper, grated nutmeg, and lemon-juice or a dash of vinegar. White Sauce.-This is fine for asparagus or artichokes. Put in a little sauce-pan three or four raw yolks of eggs, six tablespoonfuls of olive-oil, (or butter,) salt, pepper, and a pinch of nutmeg ; heat some water in a sauce-pan larger than the first, and when it is just too hot to bear the hand, dip the former into it, and stir the eggs and oil briskly with a wooden spoon. This sauce should never get much more than tepid; if the surrounding water is hot enough to cook the yolks, they will, of course, not mingle with the oil. When intimately mixed, take out the sauce-pan and serve the sauce. Waffles. With two fresh eggs, half a pound of flour, quarter of a pound of sifted-sugar, two slices of butter, melted in a little milk, and some drops of orange-flower water, compose a batter well mixed, containing no lumps, and which ropes in pouring. Heat your waffle-iron, grease it inside with butter, fill it with the batter, close it and return to the fire, browning the waffle on both sides. After being assured that it is ofa good color, take it out and keep hot until the moment of serving. Fried-Bread.- Slices of toasted bread, dipped in milk or wine, and fried in honey, are excellent. Then, instead of calling them " fried-bread," they are torejas, an excellent Spanish delicacy, I can assure you. Please understand there is neither butter nor lard. Simply melt the honey in a pan, and when it is very hot, put in the bread, which is served hot also, after becoming nicely browned, and without sugar, recollect. Lovers of honey can take notice. PRESERVES AND JELLIES. Rhubarb-Jelly. Take a sufficient quantity of freshlygathered red rhubarb to fill a large jar ; it must be thoroughly washed, but care must be taken not to pare it. Cut it into pieces of two or three inches long, and when the jar is quite fall tie it over with paper, and either set it in a slow oven, or place it in a sauce-pan of boiling water till the juice is all drawn out of the rhubarb, then turn it out into a sieve and let the juice drain through ; measure the quantity, put it into a clean stew-pan, and boil it up quickly for a quarter of an hour; then add one pound of loaf-sugar for every pint of the juice, and keep stirring it, taking off the scum as it rises. After the sugar is added, let the whole boil for thirty-five or forty minutes, and then pour into jars or moulds. If these directions are attended to, the jelly will be as stiff as apple-jelly. Candied Orange and Lemon-Peel.-Peel the fruit so that the peel remains in halves. Take equal quantities of the peel of Seville oranges, large, sweet oranges and lemons, and throw them into pretty strong salt and water for six days. Boil them in clear spring water until they are tender, and spread them on a sieve to drain. Make a syrup of one pound of loaf-sugar to a quart of water, and boil the peels in it until they look clear. Make a syrup of two pounds of loafsugar to a pint ofwater, and boil the peels in it over a slow fire until the syrup candies about the stew-pan and peels. Remove them from the syrup which remains, place them before the fire, strew fine sugar over them, and when they are dry put them away in a cool, dry store-room.

To Preserve Fruits without Sugar.-Currants, damsons, and plums, are excellent. We have kept these two years, and they have been as good as though just gathered from the garden. Boil the fruits in the usual way. Have ready jars or wide-mouthed bottles, which have been held over a vapor, caused by throwing a little flour of sulphur on your stove ; then, while the vapor is still in the jar, fill up with the fruit as hot as possible, till within three inches of the top ; then stick three little wax vesta matches into the fruit, leaving the phosphorous ends standing up about an inch, when the bladder is damped and ready to use, set fire to the matches, and tie over quickly while still burning ; when the air is exhausted the fire dies out. We have never known fruit done in this way to fail. Excellent Receipt for Bottling Fruit.- To uine pounds of fruit put five pounds of white sugar, when it comes to a boil. Boil ten minutes. Be careful to stir the fruit as little as possible, not to bruise it. Pour into an earthenware ves sel to cool. When cold, put in wide-necked bottles, cover with a bladder. Gooseberries, black currants, red currants, and raspberries, mixed, made last year, you can hardly tell from fresh fruit. The receipt for currants, currants and raspberries, and plums of all kinds, are specially recommended. To Candy Fruit.-Take one pound of best loaf-sugar, dip each lump into a bowl of water, and put the sugar in a preserving-kettle. Boil it down until clear, and in a candying state. When sufficiently boiled, have ready the fruits you wish to preserve. Large, white grapes, oranges separated into small pieces, or preserved fruits, taken out of their syrup and dried, are nice. Dip the fruits into the prepared sugar while it is hot, then put them in a cold place ; they soon become hard. Peel Preserved in Syrup.- Choose and prepare the peel as for candied orange and lemon, and make them a syrup with the proportion of two pounds of, sugar to a pint of water. Let the peels boil in this over a slow fire for half an hour. Then pack them close in a jar, pour the syrup over them, and tie the jar down with a bladder. We can answer for this being capital for using soon, but we do not know whether the syrup will keep through the summer. To Preserve Pine-Apple -Cut the pine-apples into slices about half an inch thick, put them into a jar, make a syrup, using half a pound of sugar to a pint of water, and let it simmer quietly till dissolved. Let it stand a day, and thea pour it cold over the fruit ; after a short time take it away, and let it simmer again, having added a little more sugar. Repeat this process three or four times, and the last time pour the syrup boiling over the fruit. To Preserve Siberian Crabs.- Boil a pint of water and one pound and a half of refined sugar till it is very clear, skim it, and let it become cold. Pare the crabs, and to this quantity of syrup put one pound of fruit, and simmer slowly till tender. Remove each apple separately, and pour the syrap over when a little cooled, and add orange and lemon-peel boiled tender. Cherry- Marmalade or Jam -Take out the stones and stalks from some fine cherries, and pulp them through a coarse sieve ; to every three pounds of pulp add half a pint of currant-juice, and three-quarters of a pound of sugar to each pound of fruit ; mix together, and boil until it will jelly. Put it into pots or glasses. Cherry Cheese.- Take twelve pounds of juicy cherries, stone them, and boil them for two hours, till they become a little cloggy, but take care that they do not burn. Then add to them four pounds offine sugar, and boil another hour. PICKLES AND CATCHUPS. To Pickle Lemons -To pickle lemons for veal or boiled chickens take two hard, good lemons, cut them into quarters, take out the pips, put them into a side-monthed bottle, add a teaspoonful of salt, and cover them over with good vinegar; they are ready for use next day.

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 OUR NEW

COOK- BOOK. -FASHIONS.

Beet- Root.-Beat-root, when pickled, will keep as long as any other kind of pickle. Wash it perfectly clean, but do not cut away any of the fibres ; boil in a large quantity of boiling water, with a little salt, for halfan hour; if the skin will come off easily, it is done enough. Lay it on a cloth, and with a coarse one rub off the skin. Cut it into slices, put it into a jar, and pour over it a hot pickle of white vinegar, a little ginger, pepper, and horseradish sliced. Cover close. When first taken from the ground, beet-root may be kept for winter use by placing it in layers of dry sand; the mould must not be removed from about the root. To Pickle Onions. -In the month of September choose the small, white onions, take off the brown skin, have ready a very nice tin stew-pan of boiling water; throw in as many onions as will cover the top. As soon as they look clear on the outside, take them up as quick as possible with a slice, and lay them on a clean cloth; cover them close with another, and scald some more, and so on. Let them lie to be cold, then put them in a jar, or glass, or wide-mouthed bottles, and pour over them the best white wine vinegar, just hot, not boiling. When cold, cover them. Should the outer skin shrivel, peel it off. They must look clear. To Pickle Cusumbers.-Get very small cucumbers, wipe them clean, and lay them into stone jars. Allow one quart ofcoarse salt to a pail of water; boil the salt and water until the salt is dissolved ; turn it boiling hot on the cucumbers ; cover them up tight, and let them stand twenty-four hours. Turn them into a basket to drain. Boil as much of the best vinegar as will cover the encumbers ; wash out the jars, and put the cucumbers into them. Turn on the vinegar boiling hot ; cover them with cabbage-leaves, and cover the jars tight. In forty-eight hours they will be fit for use. Pickles ofany kind are good made in the same way. Pickled- Mushrooms -Take small button mushrooms, cut off the stalks, and wash in cold water, rub them with flannel, and throw them into fresh water; see they are quite clean, and put them into a sauce-pan in cold water; boil them eight or ten minutes, strain them, and lay them in the folds of a dry cloth; take a quart of vinegar. quarter of an ounce each ofwhite pepper and allspice, a teaspoonful of salt, and a blade or two of mace ; let the vinegar and the spices boil ; put the mushrooms into a jar, and when all is cold, pour the vinegar and spices over them. Fasten them down close. Tomato-Catchup.- Take ripe tomatoes, (the small, red ones are preferable,) wash, but not skin them, and thoroughly boil one hour, and then put them through a hair-sieve, and to one quart of juice add one tablespoonful of cinnamon, one ofblack pepper, half of Cayenne, half of nutmeg, one of good mustard, two-thirds of a teacupful of salt. Boil three hours, and then to one quart of juice add one pint of pure cider vinegar. Boil half an hour longer; bottle hot and seal up. This catchup will keep for years, and not require "shaking before using." A porcelain kettle should be used. To Preserve Tomatoes for Winter and Early Summer Use,— The most economical mode for family purposes is to put them into wide-mouthed jars, holding two, three, or more quarts, according to the size of the family. The tomatoes, previously to their going into winter quarters, are merely cooked without seasoning of any sort, and put, while hot, into the jars, which should be filled full, and the corks driven home tightly and tied down. Preserved in this manner, they will keep as fresh almost as when first picked. Tomato-Marmalade.-Take fine, ripe tomatoes, cut them in halves, and squeeze out the juice. Put them in a preserving-pan, with a few peach-leaves, a clove of garlic, some slices of onion or shalot, and a bundle of parsley. Stew them until they are sufficiently done, pulp them through a sieve, and boil them down like other marmalade, adding salt. Put them into small jars, pepper the tops, and pour clarified butter over. Eat it with fish, etc., or stir the contents of a small pot into the gravy of stews or fricassees.

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Belsize Tomato-Sauce.-Slice tomatoes in a jar, and sprinkle salt over every layer of slices. Place the jar in a warm place by the fire, stir the contents pretty often for three days, and let it remain untouched for twelve days. Press out the juice, and boil it with mace, pepper, allspice, ginger, and cloves. There should be two ounces of spice to a quart of juice, the pepper and allspice greatly predominating. At the end of three months it should be boiled up with fresh spice. Pickled Eggs.-The eggs should be boiled hard- say ten minutes-and then divested of their shells ; when quite cold, put them in jars, and pour over them vinegar, sufficient to quite cover them, in which has been previously boiled the usual spices for pickling. Tie the jars down tight with bladder, and keep them till they begin to change their color.

FASHIONS FOR JULY. FIG. 1.- DINNER-DRESS OF LAVENDER-COLORED GRENADINE over a silk slip of the same color ; the skirt is quite plain, the body cut square, and the sleeves puffed at the elbow, where they are finished by a fall of lace. White cashmere mantelet, with a hood, embroidered in gold, and lined with gold-colored satin. FIG. 1.-SHORT DINNER-DRESS OF CANARY-COLORED SILK, trimmed with seven narrow flounces ; over-dress of thin, white spotted muslin, looped up over the same. The sleeves are short, and waist low of the silk body, and long and high of the white body. FIG. I.- EVENING-DRESS OF POPPY-COLORED SILK.-The skirt is quite plain. The camargo pannier is trimmed with a ruffle, headed by a ruche of the same material, and looped up by a large bow. At the waist is a large sash bow without ends. The low body is finished by a ruffle of the silk. FIG. IV - DINNER-DRESS OF WHITE MOHAIR. - The front width is made en tablier, and trimmed with quillings of green silk; the deep flounce commences at each side of the front width and is headed by a quilling of green silk; the high waist, sleeves, and pannier, are trimmed to correspond. FIG. V.-WALKING-DRESS OF BLUE CHANGEABLE SILK.- The lower-skirt is trimmed with four deep puffs. The upperskirt and body are in one ; the body is worn open over a chemisette ; the skirt made quite long, and open in front, over a kind of apron trimming, and ornamented with a puffing and narrow frill. FIG. VI.- EVENING-DRESS OF WHITE CHAMBERY GAUZE, with a pink satin stripe. The upper-skirt is rather long in front, and made in the Watteau style at the back: and both skirts are trimmed with black lace. FIG. VII -WALKING-DRESS FOR A YOUNG LADY.-The underdress is of blue poplin, made quite plain with a high waist and long sleeves ; the upper-dress of white-iron barege, has short sleeves, low, square waist, and is looped up by large blue rosettes ; a piping of blue or deep white fringe finish the trimmings. GENERAL REMARKS .-We also give this month the latest styles of bonnets, collars, and sleeves, patterns for nightdresses, chemises, panniers, or tournures, as they should more properly be called, which are made of crinoline, or muslin and whalebone, to make the dress set out properly at the back. Fashion, after having made vain attempts to bring back the scant, narrow toilets of the First Empire, attempts which good taste reproved, after having tried successively and simultaneously several other styles, is now completely devoted to the Louis XV. style, to the models of the time of the youth of Marie Antoinette, of graceful memory. And so we see nothing but skirts and tunics looped up into puffs, gathered flounces, pinked-out rnches, and bows with large loops. All materials which can be draped well are fashionable ; this is easy to understand with the puffs

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 80

FASHIONS

FOR JULY.

and loopings-up of modern toilets. Two ancient materials gant they appear after their long banishment from “ things are come back to us, and have not even changed their that are worn." Without cutting them in any way, they names; they are chaly and mousseline de laine ; chaly, a are fitted to the figure and fastened with au agrafe of silk very soft woolen material, forms graceful folds ; mousseline gimp of every color in the shawl. If the shawl is long, it de laine, much lighter, will be worn with under-skirts. describes at the back a small pointed hood, which is ornaAlmost all pretty, delicate colors are equally fashionable. mented in front with appliques of gimp; it has revers enGray is much seen, there are lovely gray tints, fresh and tirely of gimp, and terminating with long tassels. If the delicate. Gray grenadines, in particular, are quite pretty, cashmere shawl is square, it has quite another aspect, being and compose complete toilets at once simple and distingue. made up into a casaque, with plaits at the waist, and wide Que also employs with great success, for draped dresses, sleeves. The lining used is shot silk. Nothing drapes the black English brillantine, a soft material, thicker than figure better than a soft cashmere ; but to arrange a shawi, grenadine, which can be draped in perfection, falling in so as to look like anything but a shawl, without using the beautiful soft folds. scissors, requires no ordinary skill. It is only at Worth's, Some variety is being introduced in walking-dresses ; for and at a few of the large houses, where it is attempted. SHOES are to be worn in and out-of-doors. Those for outthe numerous forms of mantles, sacques, etc., of black silk, white muslin, grenadine, etc., which the French call confec- of-doors are of morocco, made to come up well over the intions, are somewhat replacing the costumes, which are the step, and fastened at one side with a steel buckle- inst the walking-dresses with sacque, skirts, waist, all made of one same shape, in fact, as men have always worn. For in-doors color and material. These confections will give a much and evening wear, kid and satin shoes are fashionable of the greater variety to the dress; and for young ladies, nothing old shape, only that high heels are indispensable ; very large can be prettier than fichus, basques, mantles, etc., of white bows are worn, which come up high over the instep. In muslin, trimmed with knots of ribbon ruffles, or white order to make these set properly, an additional flap of grenadine over colored linings. leather or satin (according to the material of which the The wide sash is sometimes replaced by bows of different shoes are made) is inserted at the top of the shoe on the materials. Ifthe costume be of satin and taffetas, the bows front of the foot. The flap should be of the following dinenare of the same, even if of two colors ; this is only when the sions : two inches and a half deep, at the bottom three inches colors are a deep shade. The bows are placed in rows-four wide ; at the top four They are curved a little in two very at the top, five or six in the next, and the last row is formed shallow scallops, the point coming in the middle of the fit, by bows of a different shape, forming a kind of fan. and should be bound round like the shoes. The bows, which Cherusques, or wide fan-shaped trimmings of gauze or are sewn on them, are made as follows : They are four inches lace, recalling somewhat the Elizabethan frill, are often long, three inches wide at the bottom, and three and a half worn to complete the low bodies. Hitherto they have been at the top. They are placed on the shoes an inch and a half merely worn as evening-dress, but it is said they will be from the top. At both top and bottom the rosettes are fashionable with the spring toilet. rounded. The narrowest part consists of six loops of ribbon. We find the dinner and evening-dresses are made, for ex- arranged downward round the bottom of the rosettes; abcre ample, opened in front, with a revers of very wide lace, the that a circle of five loops, with the buckle in the midde: same lace forming the cherusque. then seven rows of loops packed as closely together as pos Two of the most admired dresses recently worn in Parissible, and arranged upward, so that the part of the rosette were quite simple. The first, worn by the Princess Metter- which rests on the instep is very thick and bunchy, and that nich, was what is called a robe nuage, consisting of skirt nearest the toes much flatter. It is an exceedingly becoming upon skirt, and all of white tulle ; the last, or upper-skirt, style to the foot. The variety of buckles worn is endless, was studded with small streaks of silver ; a tunic of white and those which once belonged to our graceful grandmothers tulle, trimmed with a plaiting to match, opened en tablier are now called into play, to adorn their- let us hope. no 1over the dress. The sash was made of Havannah-brown withstanding all that modern grumblers may say no less watered silk, and the ends were very long. Three rows of graceful grand-daughters. splendid diamonds encircled the Princess' throat ; and a spray of diamonds, with a brown feather, besides the long tail of a bird of Paradise-all of that peculiar shade of CHILDREN'S FASHIONS. brown called " Ilavannah"-formed her head-dress. FIG. 1.- DRESS OF PINK BAREGE, FOR A LITTLE GIRL- The The other dress was worn by Madame Leopold Leban, and was a striped steel-gray dress, with a deep flounce round the lower-skirt has three narrow ruffles ; the upper one is puffed edge of the skirt ; upon this flounce there were roses with up a good deal at the back, and is trimmed with a ruffle flexible stalks, so carelessly arranged that they had the which extends up the front and around the neck of the low effect of being scattered upon it from a basket, and, not- body. A white muslin under-waist, with long sleeves, is withstanding the informality of arrangement, the effect worn with it. FIG. II.-WHITE MUSLIN DRESS FOR A LITTLE GIRL - The was exceedingly happy. SHAPES OF BONNETS are unaltered ; the only variety is in skirt has one rather deep ruffle, headed by two small ones. the trimming. One of the prettiest we have seen is a black The upper is short, trimmed with a ruffle, and looped sp lace bonnet, ornamented at the side with blue feathers ; one with rosettes of green ribbon. The waist opens in frent of the lace lappets passes under the chin, and is fastened over a chemisette, and that and the short sleeves are tritanear the left ear with a white rose-bud. Many of the new med with bows of green ribbon. FIG. III -DRESS OF BLUE FOULARD FOR A YOUNG GIFL -The bonnets are fastened thus at the side, the other lappet being thrown back over the shoulder. under-skirt is made with a full pleating of the same arcu HATS are of all shapes, to suit all styles of faces. The the bottom. The upper-skirt opens in front, and is trimme- 1 Watteau, which is flat and wide, and drooping both back to correspond with the under-skirt. The pleating of the and front, is very becoming to some, but not to all faces. upper-skirt does not extend all the way around the bottera Others are in the Louis XIV. style, with large feathers of it, gathers it up in a puff at the back about three-fourths thrown back. For certain countenances this style of hat is of the way down. The sleeves and waist are high and plain, infinitely more becoming than the little flat toquet, which and a square cape, trimmed with a pleating, is worn over the body. is without distinction and style. FIG. IV. KNICKERBOCKER SUIT OF GRAY CASHMERE, trimThe new mode of arranging Indian cashmere shawls has quite brought them into fashion again, and exceedingly ele- med with braid, for a little boy.

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ཏུ ཏུ ཏྭ ཏྱཾ ཀུ ཤྩ དྭྱ ཥ ཥུ TO THE WORKING CLASS - I am now prepared to furnish all classes with constant employment at their homes, the Business whole of the or for the spare profitable. new, light andtime, Fifty centsmoments. to $5 per evening is easily earned by persons of either sex, and the boysabd girls earn nearly as much as men. Great inducelen's are offered those who will devote their whole time to the business ; and, that every person who sees notice, may send me their address and test the businessthis for themselves I make the following unparalleled offer : To all who are not well satisfied with the business, I will send $1 to pay for the trouble of writing me. Full particulars, difeetions, &c ., sent free. Sample sent by mail for 10 cents. Address E. C. ALLEN, Augusta, Me. $ 3000 SALARY. Address U. S. PIANO C).. N. Y.

CIRCULAR TO ADVERTISERS SENT FREE TO ANY ADDRESS, CONTAINING A List ofSeven Hundred and Fifty choice Advertising mediums, sub-divided into more than 50 small Lists, with Price Cards showing the cost of any advertisements from one line to one column.

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A List of the leading Daily papers in all the large towns and cities of the United States and GEO. P. ROWELL & CO'S Canada. ADVERTISING AGENCY. A List of Two Hundred leading Weekly and " They have reduced advertising to a more perfeet sysMonthly publications, with estimates showing than has been known heretofore. "-Hazleton, ( E ) the cost of an advertisement of from 5 to 25 tem Sentinel, Oct. 31, 1867. lines, from one week to two months. "Whatever is prompt, methodical and straightforward. they practice in their dealings and only that.Bist`s A List of Prominent Advertisers who have pat- Commonwealth, Nor. 30, 1867. ronized this Advertising Agency, and letters " They now probably do the heaviest advertising bustshowing the opinions of such men concerning ness in the country." -Manchester ( N. H.) Daily Uni Jan. 25, 1858. the advantages it offers. " Their establishinent is perhaps the most extensive in the United States. "- Cape Ann Advertiser, Gloucester, ADDRESS Mass. " This firm is now the most substantial business hense for advertising in the country. "-American Mining Indiez, GEORGE P. ROWELL & CO. (N. Y) April 2, 1868. "With their reputation they can and do get the lowest ADVERTISING AGENTS and most advantageous terms." -Mishawaka, ( Ind.) terprise. We are prepared to receive advertise40 PARK ROW, N. Y. ments for all American Newspapers , at UILDERS Architee prices as low as can be obtained at the for Catalogue new all J. BE tural Books andsend Journals. Addressof A. BICKNELL & offices of publication. Co., Publishers, Troy, N. Y., or Springfield, Ill. GEO. P. ROWELL & CO . VINS' PATENT HAIR-CRIMPERS. - Every lady should ADVERTISING AGENTS, have them. For sale at Variety Stores. Made only by Philadelphia. E. IVINS, 1301 Marshall Street, 40 Park Row, N. I.

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 countries. We say much, against European despotism; let us look to ourselves. That government is despotic where the rulers govern subjects by their own mere will—by decrees and laws emanating from their uncontrolled will, in the enactment and execution of which the ruled have no voice, and under which they have no right except at the will of the rulers. Despotism does not depend upon the number of the rulers, or the number of the subjects. It may have one ruler or many. Rome was a despotism under Nero; so she was under the triumvirate. Athens was a despotism under Thirty Tyrants; under her Four Hundred Tyrants; under her Three Thousand Tyrants. It has been generally observed that despotism increases in severity with the number of despots; the responsibility is more divided, and the claims more numerous. The triumvirs each demanded his victims. The smaller the number of subjects in proportion to the tyrants, the more cruel the oppression, because the less danger from rebellion. In this government, the free white citizens are the rulers—the sovereigns, as we delight to be called. All others are subjects. There are, perhaps, some sixteen or seventeen millions of sovereigns, and four millions of subjects.

"The rulers and the ruled are of all colours, from the clear white of the Caucasian tribes to the swarthy Ethiopian. The former, by courtesy, are all called white, the latter black. In this government the subject has no rights, social, political, or personal. He has no voice in the laws which govern him. He can hold no property. His very wife and children are not his. His labour is another's. He, and all that appertain to him, are the absolute property of his rulers. He is governed, bought, sold, punished, executed, by laws to which he never gave his assent, and by rulers whom he never chose. He is not a serf

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 Printed by ma

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 ARANT

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 Peterson 's Magazin e,. August 1869

WXX

67890

Colors in Marking for t;. Alphabe

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 B 1

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 the sons of Ham. It was a dark, dismal looking place in one corner of the gallery, grated in front like a hen-coop, with a black border around it. It had two doors; over one was B. M.—black men; over the other B. W.—black women.

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 OUR PICNIC BY THE SEA.

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 YOUNG MISSES' DRESS. CHILD'S DRESS.

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 CARRIAGE- DRESS, WITH MANTILLA. COLLAR AND SLEEVE.

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 DINNER -DRESS, WITH BLACK SILK PANNIER. COLLAR.

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 PANNIER DRESS. HAT. BONNET.

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 WALKING-DRESS. BONNET. HAT.

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 Ի 14711

SILK AND ALPACA APRONS. SAILOR COSTUME FOR BCY.

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 APRONS FOR SMALL CHILDREN AND MISSES.

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 examine all strangers, to assure the authorities that they were not in league with the revolted negroes. "With trembling heart the fugitive handed the key of her trunk to the officers. To their surprise, they found nothing but woman's apparel in the box, which raised their curiosity, and caused a further investigation that resulted in the arrest of Clotel as a fugitive slave. She was immediately conveyed to prison, there to await the orders of her master. For many days, uncheered by the voice of kindness, alone, hopeless, desolate, she waited for the time to arrive when the chains were to be placed on her limbs, and she returned to her inhuman and unfeeling owner.

The arrest of the fugitive was announced in all the newspapers, but created little or no sensation. The inhabitants were too much engaged in putting down the revolt among the slaves; and although all the odds were against the insurgents, the whites found it no easy matter, with all their caution. Every day brought news of fresh outbreaks. Without scruple and without pity, the whites massacred all blacks found beyond their owners' plantations: the negroes, in return, set fire to houses, and put those to death who attempted to escape from the flames. Thus carnage was added to carnage, and the blood of the whites flowed to avenge the blood of the blacks. These were the ravages of slavery. He graves were dug for the negroes; their dead bodies became food for dogs and vultures, and their bones, partly calcined by the sun, remained scattered about, as if to mark the mournful fury of servitude and lust of power. When the slaves were subdued, except a few in the swamps, bloodhounds were put in this dismal place to hunt out the remaining revolters. Among the captured negroes was one of whom we shall hereafter make mention.

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 To the Ladies of Allentown, Pa.

THE

LEHIGH

POLKA.

COMPOSED AND ARRANGED FOR THE PJANP -FORTE.

BY

DANIEL A. DRESHER.

Published by permission of W. R. SMITH, 135 North Eighth Street.

Allegretto. 4 PIANO.

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 THE LEHIGH POLKA.

7

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SELFORD

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Margue

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e s r u o C

NAMES FOR MARKING. EMBROIDERY PATTERN.

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 Printed

illman Brothers

KROMANC E DEAFOAP E IHT SCHOCI .

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 PETERSONS MACAZINE.

369.

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 Peterson's Magazine July

1869

E D C B A

GHI I

MNO

Alphabet Marking Colors for in

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 HY IN THE HARVEST FIELD.

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 1

1

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 FOR CHILDREN'S FASHIONS JULY.

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 EVENING-DRESS. BONNETS.

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 WALKING-DRESS, COLLAR AND SLEEVE.

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 PANNIERS. CHEMISETTES, ETC., ETC.

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 CRINOLINES. SKIRTS. CORSET BODY. APRON.

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 aril

HANDKERCHIEF CORNER. NAME FOR MARKING. MONOGRAMS.

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MONOGRAMS. NAMES FOR MARKING. HANDKERCHIEF CORNER. INITIALS.

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