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64c. 36

Northern Ireland Assembly Disqualification Act 1975 (c. 25) 9.—(1) In Part II of Schedule 1 to the Northern Ireland Assembly Disqualification Act 1975 (bodies whose members are disqualified), the entry relating to the Data Protection Tribunal is omitted and there is inserted at the appropriate place—
 * “The Information Tribunal”.

(2) In Part III of that Schedule (disqualifying offices), the entry relating to the Data Protection Commissioner is omitted and there is inserted at the appropriate place—
 * “The Information Commissioner”.

Tribunals and Inquiries Act 1992 (c. 53) 10. In paragraph 14 of Part I of Schedule 1 to the Tribunals and Inquiries Act 1992 (tribunals under direct supervision of Council on Tribunals)—
 * (a) in sub-paragraph (a), for “The Data Protection Commissioner” there is substituted “The Information Commissioner”, and
 * (b) for sub-paragraph (b) there is substituted—
 * “(b) the Information Tribunal constituted under that section, in respect of its jurisdiction under—
 * (i) section 48 of that Act, and
 * (ii) section 57 of the Freedom of Information Act 2000.”

Judicial Pensions and Retirement Act 1993 (c. 8) 11. In Schedule 5 to the Judicial Pensions and Retirement Act 1993 (retirement provisions: the relevant offices), in the entry relating to the chairman and deputy chairman of the Data Protection Tribunal, for “the Data Protection Tribunal” there is substituted “the Information Tribunal”.

12. In Schedule 7 to that Act (retirement dates: transitional provisions), in paragraph 5(5)(xxvi) for “the Data Protection Tribunal” there is substituted “the Information Tribunal”. Data Protection Act 1998 (c. 29) 13.—(1) Section 6 of the Data Protection Act 1998 (the Data Protection Commissioner and the Data Protection Tribunal) is amended as follows.

(2) For subsection (1) there is substituted—
 * “(1) For the purposes of this Act and of the Freedom of Information Act 2000 there shall be an oﬃcer known as the Information Commissioner (in this Act referred to as “the Commissioner”).”

(3) For subsection (3) there is substituted—
 * “(3) For the purposes of this Act and of the Freedom of Information Act 2000 there shall be a tribunal known as the Information Tribunal (in this Act referred to as “the Tribunal”).”

14. In section 70(1) of that Act (supplementary definitions)—
 * (a) in the definition of “the Commissioner”, for “the Data Protection Commissioner” there is substituted “the Information Commissioner”, and
 * (b) in the definition of “the Tribunal”, for “the Data Protection Tribunal” there is substituted “the Information Tribunal”.

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Rh

15.—(1) Schedule 5 to that Act (the Data Protection Commissioner and the Data Protection Tribunal) is amended as follows.

(2) In paragraph 1(1), for “Data Protection Commissioner” there is substituted “Information Commissioner”.

(3) Part III shall cease to have effect.

Interests represented by lay members of Tribunal 16. In section 6(6) of the Data Protection Act 1998 (lay members of Tribunal)—
 * (a) for the word “and” at the end of paragraph (a) there is substituted—
 * “(aa) persons to represent the interests of those who make requests for information under the Freedom of Information Act 2000,”, and
 * (b) after paragraph (b) there is inserted “and
 * (bb) persons to represent the interests of public authorities.”

Expenses incurred under this Act excluded in calculating fees 17. In section 26(2) of that Act (fees regulations), in paragraph (a)—
 * (a) after “functions” there is inserted “under this Act”, and
 * (b) after “Tribunal” there is inserted “so far as attributable to their functions under this Act”.

Information provided to Commissioner or Tribunal 18. In section 58 of that Act (disclosure of information to Commissioner or Tribunal), after “this Act” there is inserted “or the Freedom of Information Act 2000”.

19.—(1) Section 59 of that Act (confidentiality of information) is amended as follows.

(2) In subsections (1) and (2), for “this Act”, wherever occurring, there is substituted “the information Acts”.

(3) After subsection (3) there is inserted—
 * “(4) In this section “the information Acts” means this Act and the Freedom of Information Act 2000.”

Deputy commissioners 20.—(1) Paragraph 4 of Schedule 5 to that Act (officers and staff) is amended as follows.

(2) In sub-paragraph (1)(a), after “a deputy commissioner” there is inserted “or two deputy commissioners”.

(3) After sub-paragraph (1) there is inserted—
 * “(1A) The Commissioner shall, when appointing any second deputy commissioner, specify which of the Commissioner’s functions are to be performed, in the circumstances referred to in paragraph 5(1), by each of the deputy commissioners.”

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66c. 36

Exercise of Commissioner’s functions by others 21.—(1) Paragraph 5 of Schedule 5 to that Act (exercise of functions of Commissioner during vacancy etc.) is amended as follows.

(2) In sub-paragraph (1)—
 * (a) after “deputy commissioner” there is inserted “or deputy commissioners”, and
 * (b) after “this Act” there is inserted “or the Freedom of Information Act 2000”.

(3) In sub-paragraph (2) after “this Act” there is inserted “or the Freedom of Information Act 2000”. Money 22. In paragraph 9(1) of Schedule 5 to that Act (money) for “or section 159 of the Consumer Credit Act 1974” there is substituted “, under section 159 of the Consumer Credit Act 1974 or under the Freedom of Information Act 2000”.

SCHEDULE 3 Issue of warrants 1.—(1) If a circuit judge is satisfied by information on oath supplied by the Commissioner that there are reasonable grounds for suspecting—
 * (a) that a public authority has failed or is failing to comply with—
 * (i) any of the requirements of Part I of this Act,
 * (ii) so much of a decision notice as requires steps to be taken, or
 * (iii) an information notice or an enforcement notice, or
 * (b) that an offence under section 77 has been or is being committed,

and that evidence of such a failure to comply or of the commission of the offence is to be found on any premises specified in the information, he may, subject to paragraph 2, grant a warrant to the Commissioner.

(2) A warrant issued under sub-paragraph (1) shall authorise the Commissioner or any of his officers or staff at any time within seven days of the date of the warrant—
 * (a) to enter and search the premises,
 * (b) to inspect and seize any documents or other material found there which may be such evidence as is mentioned in that sub-paragraph, and
 * (c) to inspect, examine, operate and test any equipment found there in which information held by the public authority may be recorded.

2.—(1) A judge shall not issue a warrant under this Schedule unless he is satisfied—
 * (a) that the Commissioner has given seven days’ notice in writing to the occupier of the premises in question demanding access to the premises, and
 * (b) that either—
 * (i) access was demanded at a reasonable hour and was unreasonably refused, or

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 THE

L I V E S

O F T H E

P O E T S

A POET who flourished in the reign of Charles I. but of whose birth and life we can recover no particulars. He was highly esteemed by some wits in that reign, as appears from a Poem called Steps to Parnassus, which pays him the following well turned compliment. Vol. II. N°. 6. B Let


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 sure, which would be thus induced, is counteracted by greater rapidity of the heart, and constriction of the vessels in other regions. Thus dilatation of the abdominal vessels during the act of digestion is accompanied by the proverbial coldness of the skin, and the constricted vessels and cold feet of active brain work are familiar to us all. These instances of the obviously protective action of the cardiac and vascular reflexes might be multiplied indefinitely, but there are many others the significance of which is not so apparent. Among these may be mentioned the reflex inhibition of the heart, which is so easily excited by irritation of the air passages and lungs. There is little reason to doubt, however, that like the similar inhibition of the respiration from irritation of the interior of the heart, they play an important part in the mutual regulation of the intimately interdependent functions of the circulation and respiration. The cardiac, vaso-motor, and respiratory

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LAWS, BOOK IV pleted. He should always venerate them, by never failing to provide a continual memorial, and assigning to the deceased a due share of means which fortune provides for expenditure. Every one of us, if we acted thus and observed these rules of life, would win always a due reward form the gods and form all that are mightier than ourselves, and would pass the greatest part of our lives in the enjoyment of hopes of happiness. As regards duties to children, relations, friends and citizens, and those of service done to strangers for Heaven's sake, and of social intercourse with all those classes,--by fulfilling which a man should brighten his own life and order it as the law enjoins,--the sequel of the laws themselves, partly by persuasion and partly (when men's habits defy persuasion) by forcible and just chastisement, will render our State, with the concurrence of the gods, a blessed State and prosperous. There are also matters which a lawgiver, if he shares my view, must necessarily regulate, though they are ill-suited for statement in the form of a law; in dealing with these he ought, in my opinion, to produce a sample for his own use and that of those for whom he is legislating, and, after expounding all other matters as best he can, pass on next to commending the task of legislation.

CLIN. What is the special form in which such matters are laid down?

ATH. It is by no means easy to embrace them all in a single model of statement (so to speak); but let us conceive of them in some such way as this, in case we may succeed in affirming something definite about them.

CLIN. Tell us what that "something" is. 301


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 2 The L I F E of

 * Let Brewer take his artful pen in hand,
 * Attending muses will obey command,
 * Invoke the aid of Shakespear's sleeping clay,
 * And strike from utter darkness new born day.

Mr. Winstanley, and after him Chetwood, has attributed a play to our author called Lingua, or the Contention of the Tongue and the Five Senses for Superiority, a Comedy, acted at Cambridge, 1606; but Mr. Langbaine is of opinion, that neither that, Love's Loadstone, Landagartha, or Love's Dominion, as Winstanley and Philips affirm, are his; Landagartha being written by Henry Burnel, esquire, and Love's Dominion by Flecknoe. In the Comedy called Lingua, there is a circumstance which Chetwood mentions, too curious to be omitted here. When this play was acted at Cambridge, Oliver Cromwel performed the part of Tactus, which he felt so warmly, that it first fired his ambition, and, from the possession of an imaginary crown, he stretched his views to a real one; to accomplish which, he was content to wade through a sea of blood, and, as Mr. Gray beautifully expresses it, shut the Gates of Mercy on Mankind; the speech with which he is said to have been so affected, is the following,

 * Roses, and bays, pack hence! this crown and
 * robe,
 * My brows, and body, circles and invests;
 * How gallantly it fits me! sure the slave
 * Measured my head, that wrought this coronet;
 * They lie that say, complexions cannot change!
 * My blood's enobled, and I am transform'd
 * Unto the sacred temper of a king;
 * Methinks I hear my noble Parasites
 * Stiling me Caesar, or great Alexander,
 * Licking my feet,—&c.

Mr.


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 realised the state of affairs he would not have been indifferent to the disgrace that must be his, should his wife's liaison become public property. It is unlikely that he had any suspicion of Slêman, but, if he had, it would never occur to him that any man would have the courage to do more than carry on a clandestine intrigue, and of that he suspected Maimûnah had already been guilty. Least of all would it seem possible for a foreigner supported by a dozen followers to brave the power and resentment of well nigh the greatest chief of a powerful State.

In this, however, he was misled by the suave manners of the quiet stranger.

Slêman's suit prospered, and he was not satisfied to continue indefinitely filling the rôle of false friend to Iskander and fearful lover to his wife. However much he despised the man, however easily he found he could profit by Iskander's indifference, he meant to play a bolder game and make Maimûnah his own at all hazards if she were prepared to face the risk.

Her courage was equal to his own (for failure meant probably death to her as to him), and one night, while Iskander lay in his boat dreaming over his opium-pipe, the stranger was carrying off his royal spouse within earshot, almost from under his very eyes.

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superconductivity, quantum electronics, and acoustics. Most of the plasma and MHD work occurs at the institutes of the CSAV. The studies involve microwave energy absorption effects of pulses on inert gas plasma columns, transverse wave penetration into plasma, beam-plasma interactions, and plasma diagnostics. With regard to quantum electronics, the Technical University of Prague appears to have developed significant capabilities probably aimed at developing lasers for communications. At the present time, laser specialists are studying means for single-mode modulation by using acoustic waves. Others at the Technical University are studying frequency shift techniques which can lead to development of better means of frequency control. In acoustics, scattered efforts are indicated by the few studies reported on shock and detonation, vibrations, and oscillations. The central interest appears to be the state of real gases following primary and reflected shock waves and their structures.

Mathematical research is strong and is of good quality and of substantial quantity. The mathematical capabilities of the Czechoslovaks appear sufficiently strong so that they can be expected to continue to do well in this field. Their continued productivity in spite of social upheavals is also a good indicator of this prospect. The range of subjects treated is wide, with recent emphasis being placed on analysis (especially ordinary differential equations), logic (including graph theory), geometry, statistics, numerical methods, and applications (such as mathematical programming, information theory, and automatic control). The overall output of research may have slackened in recent years, but the output of mathematics applicable to other fields seems to be increasing. The Czechoslovakian performance of mathematics research is not much behind the outstanding performance in Hungary, but the emphasis is more toward applications.

Mathematical activity is centered in the universities and in the mathematics institutes of the CSAV, which publishes five journals oriented toward the subject. There is evidently a good effort toward maintaining communication with mathematicians throughout the world so that Czechoslovak research is often published in Western and Eastern Europe, the United States, and Asia.

Little recent information is available on computers in Czechoslovakia, but the frequency of papers on numerical analysis and applications indicates that computers are receiving substantial attention. They are being used for control of industrial processes. In other respects, computer software developed in the country is more advanced than that in the U.S.S.R. Currently Czechoslovak computers come from the United Kingdom, France, the U.S.S.R., and the United States. The U.S. computers are usually obtained through the United Kingdom and France, although some U.S. computer firms, for example, Hewlett-Packard and Uarian, are exporting directly to Czechoslovakia. Also, IBM has a sizable share of the market.

c. Astrogeophysical sciences (C)

(1) Astronomy—Astronomical research is competent but generally is not outstanding. However, the country enjoys an international reputation in cometary and meteor astronomy, and except for the U.S.S.R., it is the leading East European country in solar research. The science of astronomy enjoys a high standing with the general public, and there are about 50 public observatories and several planetariums in Czechoslovakia. The Czechoslovak Astronomical Society, comprised of both amateur and professional astronomers, is a respected organization, and there is astronomical activity in several of the universities.

Professional research is guided by the Scientific Board of Astronomy, Geophysics, Geodesy, and Meteorology of the CSAV-SAV. One primary center of activity is the Astronomical Institute of the CSAV, Prague, which includes the Ondrejov Observatory, about 40 km. southeast of Prague. The second principal center is the Astronomical Institute of the SAV, Bratislava, and its Skalnate Pleso (Rocky Lake) Observatory on Lomnicky Stit. Both the Ondrejov and the Skalnate Pleso observatories are equipped for stellar, solar, and cometary and meteor astronomy. The largest instrument is a 2-meter reflecting telescope at Ondrejov, useful particularly for stellar spectroscopy. The Skalnate Pleso Observatory has a solar corona station on the summit of Lomnicky Stit. There is also a network of about 22 all-sky camera stations distributed throughout Czechoslovakia for determining the trajectories of large meteors and to aid in locating any resulting meteorites.

Astronomical research includes some theoretical cosmology and celestial mechanics and both theoretical and observational galactic and stellar astronomy. However, the principal areas are cometary and meteor astronomy and solar research, in which both the Ondrejov and Skalnate Pleso observatories engage. Theoretical studies and optical and radio observations are made. In the solar area, the major effort is at Ondrejov, where emphasis is on the study of solar flares in which there is cooperation with the U.S.S.R. and the West. There has also been a

20

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 ANTHONY BREWER. 3

Mr. Langbaine ascribes to Brewer the two following plays,

Country Girl, a Comedy, often acted with applause, printed in 4to. 1647. This play has been revived since the Restoration, under the title of Country Innocence, or the Chamber-maid turned Quaker.

Love-sick King, an English Tragical History, with the Life and Death of Cartesmunda, the Fair Nun of Winchester; printed in 4to. London, 1655; this play was likewise revived 1680, and acted by the name of the Perjured Nun. The historical part of the plot is founded upon the Invasion of the Danes, in the reign of King Ethelred and Alfred.

This last play of Anthony Brewer's, is one of the best irregular plays, next to those of Shakespear, which are in our language. The story, which is extremely interesting, is conducted, not so much with art, as spirit ; the characters are animated, and the scene busy. Canutus King of Denmark, after having gained the city of Winchester, by the villainy of a native, orders all to be put to the sword, and at last enters the Cloister, raging with the thirst of blood, and panting for destruction; he meets Cartesmunda, whose beauty stops his ruffian violence, and melts him, as it were, into a human creature. The language of this play is as modern, and the verses as musical as those of Rowe; fire and elevation rim through it, and there are many strokes of the most melting tenderness. Cartesmunda, the Fair Nun of Winchester, inspires the King with a passion for her, and after a long struggle between honour and love, she at last yields to the tyrant, and for the sake of Canutus breaks her vestal vows. Upon hearing that the enemy was about to enter the

B 2 Cloister,


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31 centres are all closely inter-related to each other. Of these the respiratory is most readily influenced, both from the periphery and the higher centres, and it is not improbable that many of the variations in cardiac rhythm and vascular tone so induced are in reality conditioned only mediately through the respiration. With the exception of the depressor and the nerves of the air passages and lungs, moderate stimulation of perhaps all other sensory nerves, general and special, causes constriction of the blood-vessels, with a rise of blood pressure and acceleration of the heart. This, however, is a rule liable to many exceptions, the conditions of which are not as yet in all respects satisfactorily determined.

In states of exhaustion, and when the stimulation is of a sudden or intense character, more particularly when of visceral origin, there is a fall in blood pressure and reflex inhibition of the heart, which, in certain conditions, may be fatal. As an instance of this kind one may quote Goltz's famous "Klopfversuch," by which it is shown that a smart tap on the abdomen of a frog causes stoppage of the heart and dilatation of the splanchnic blood-

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 vessels. The vascular dilatation so induced is so enormous that practically the whole of the blood in the body is accumulated in the abdomen, and the animal dies by haemorrhage into its own veins. The heart may continue to beat, but to no purpose; its cavities are empty and no blood passes through it. It is, in all probability, to vaso-motor paralysis of this nature that the symptoms of surgical shock are due, as has been maintained by Lauder Brunton, Crile, and others. In this relation also the recent researches of Embley on the cause of death from chloroform are deserving of the most attentive consideration. In the early stages of chloroform inhalation the heart is weakened and more susceptible to the influence of the vagus. The inhibitory mechanism is also more excitable, so that there is thus a twofold risk of permanent inhibition of the heart, especially when the blood pressure is greatly reduced. Fortunately, in profounder anaesthesia the cardiac reflexes are almost abolished, so that in addition to its

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 beneficent action in annulling pain, chloroform minimises the otherwise dangerous, or even fatal, depression that might result from severe surgical procedure.

Most, if not all, of the cardiac and vascular reflexes are capable of being elicited through the medullary centres alone, and they can be obtained with great facility, as Brodie and I have found, in decerebrate animals.

The cardiac and vascular reflexes have an especial bearing on the circulation in the brain. The cerebral circulation has many features of an exceptional character. The doctrine propounded by Monro Secundus, supported by Kellie and Abercrombie, and most ably advocated at the present day by Leonard Hill, is that, as the cranium is a closed cavity and the brain substance incompressible, the quantity of blood within the skull must practically be at all times the same—the blood flowing out of the veins to make room for that flowing in by the arteries—those conditions only being excepted in which fluid or other matter is effused or secreted by the blood-vessels, for, in such circumstances, a quantity of blood equal

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34 in bulk to the effused matter will be pressed out of the cranial cavity. It has been argued in opposition to this doctrine that the free ebb and flow of the cerebro-spinal fluid between the cerebral and spinal cavities must allow of considerable variation in the volume of blood in the cranium, but under normal conditions the amount of this fluid is so small as to be practically a negligible quantity. The variations in blood-supply extend for the most part only to the relative proportion between the arterial and venous. The brain fills the cranial cavity as a hand a glove, and is closely appressed to the interior of the skull-cap. The pressure exerted from within outwards varies greatly; directly with the venous, and only proportionately with the arterial pressure. It is increased with each pulsation of the hearty and with each expiration if at all forcible. The average is about lOO millimetres H^O, but the pressure is of importance purely in its bearing on the circulation. The functions of the brain cease if the arterial pressure is too low to cause an effective flow throughout the capillaries, or if the venous pressure is too high to permit of the arteries emptying them-

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 selves. In either case the circulation in the brain fails, and loss of consciousness ensues. The brain tissue, however, as such can carry on its functions at any pressure from zero up to 50 millimetres of Hg. or more. Thus, in a patient who had been trephined, and the brain, therefore, exposed to atmospheric pressure, Hill found that the intracranial pressure fell slightly below zero when he stood upright; and in a case of strychnine convulsions the pressure was estimated at 50 millimetres Hg., and yet both patients retained their mental faculties unimpaired. Up to the present no satisfactory experimental evidence has been furnished as to the existence of vaso-constrictors or vaso-dilators of the cerebral blood-vessels. Morison, however, and Gulland have both, within the last few years, demonstrated the presence of nerve plexuses on the vessels of the pia mater in all respects like those of vaso-motor nerves elsewhere. Yet no active change in the calibre of the cerebral blood-vessels can be produced by stimulation of the cervical sympathetic or stellate ganglion

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 —practically the whole of the sympathetic supply to the carotid and vertebral arteries—or even, according to Hill, of the central end of the cut spinal cord or the vaso-motor centre itself. The opposite results obtained by Nothnagel, Cavazzani, and others are attributable to defective methods of experiment, which do not differentiate between active and passive variations in the calibre of the vessels, or exclude changes due to mere atmospheric exposure. This negation of vaso-motor regulation of the cerebral blood-vessels seems to be in flagrant contradiction with the positive demonstration of nerves accompanying the vessels of the pia mater, as well as with other facts, such as the apparently independent variations of the plethysmographic volume records described by Mosso, and we can scarcely doubt that there must be some intrinsic mechanism which can secure a greater flush of blood in one part as compared with another in an organ in which there is proved localisation of function. Roy and Sherrington believed that they had discovered such a mechanism in the products of cerebral meta-

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 holism dissolved in the lymph which bathes the cerebral arterioles—products capable of inducing variation in the calibre of the blood-vessels in correspondence with local variations in functional activity. This, however, has been contested by Hill. Brodie and I have, however, succeeded in rendering it more than probable that the cerebral blood-vessels are under the influence of vaso-motor nerves, though so far we have not been able to determine their origin and course.

As already mentioned, perfusion with supra-renal extract of an organ supplied with vaso-motor nerves causes constriction of the arterioles so that the flow through the capillaries is diminished or altogether stopped. It was found by Biedl and Reiner that injection of suprarenal extract into the cerebral end of the carotid caused a rise of blood pressure in the circle of Willis, and diminution of the outflow from one of the lateral sinuses—a result which might be attributed to the action of adrenalin on the terminals of cerebral vaso-motor nerves. But the conclusion is not free from fallacy owing to the non-determination of the condi-

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38 tions affecting the outflow from the other sinus. This fallacy, however, is eliminated by Brodie's method. By the injection of adrenalin into the basilar artery of the carefully removed brain, and measurement of the outflow from the torn sinuses, he found that with a moderate amount there was distinct diminution of the outflow, and complete stoppage when the dose of the extract was increased. This appears to afford satisfactory proof of the existence of cerebral vaso-constrictors, though, as compared with those of other organs, their influence is relatively slight ; and there seems, therefore, no further reason for doubting the existence of some intrinsic vaso-motor regulation of the cerebral circulation. The cerebral circulation, however, varies for the most part only passively with the circulation as a whole. The blood is so disposed in the body that it may be temporarily diverted from one region in order to secure a richer supply to another which requires it. It has been calculated that when the body is at rest the thoracic and abdominal organs contain from 60 to 70 per cent, of the whole blood. In the state of activity this percentage is reversed. Thus Ranke estimates that in

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 Cloister, Cartesmunda breaks out into the following beautiful exclamation:

 * The raging foe pursues, defend us Heaven!
 * Take virgin tears, the balm of martyr'd saints
 * As tribute due, to thy tribunal throne;
 * With thy right hand keep us from rage and murder
 * Let not our danger fright us, but our sins;
 * Misfortunes touch our bodies, not our souls.

When Canutus advances, and first sees Cartesmunda, his speech is poetical, and conceived in the true spirit of Tragedy.

 * Ha! who holds my conquering hand? what
 * power unknown,
 * By magic thus transforms me to a statue,
 * Senseless of all the faculties of life?
 * My blood runs back, I have no power to strike;
 * Call in our guards and bid 'em all give o'er.
 * Sheath up your swords with me, and cease to
 * kill:
 * Her angel beauty cries, she must not die,
 * Nor live but mine: O I am strangely touch'd!
 * Methinks I lift my sword, againft myself,
 * When I oppose her—all perfection!
 * O see! the pearled dew drops from her eyes;
 * Arise in peace, sweet soul.

In the same scene the following is extremely beautiful.

 * I'm struck with lightening from the torrid zone;
 * Stand all between me, and that flaming sun!
 * Go Erkinwald, convey her to my tent.
 * Let her be guarded with more watchful eyes
 * Than heaven has stars :
 * If here she stay I shall consume to death,
 * 'Tis time can give my passions remedy,

Art


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§ 1.] There was at first little change in these relations, when the remains of ancient science passed over into the culture of the present peoples of Europe as the determining forces of their intellectual life. Content and task of that which the Middle Ages called philosophy coincided with the conception held by later antiquity. And yet the meaning of philosophy underwent an essential change by finding philosophy's task already performed, in a certain sense, by religion. For religion, too, afforded not only a sure conviction as a rule for the guidance of personal life, but also in connection with this, a general theoretical view of all reality, which was the more philosophical in its character, as the dogmas of Christianity had been formulated entirely under the influence of ancient philosophy. Under these circumstances, during the unbroken dominance of Church doctrine, there remained for philosophy, for the most part, only the position of a handmaid to ground, develop, and defend dogma scientifically. But just by this means philosophy came into a certain opposition to theology as regards method; for what the latter taught on the ground of divine revelation, the former was to win and set forth by means of human knowledge.

But the infallible consequence of this relation was, that the freer individual thinking became in its relation to the Church, the more independently philosophy began the solution of the problem which she had in common with religion; from presentation and defence of doctrine she passed to its criticism, and finally, in complete independence of religious interests, sought to derive her teaching from the sources which she thought she possessed in the "natural light" of human reason and experience. The opposition to theology, as regards methods, grew in this way to an opposition in the subject matter, and modern philosophy as "world-wisdom" set itself over against Church dogma. However manifold the aspects which this relation took on, shading from a clinging attachment to a passionate conflict, the office of "philosophy" remained always that which

title: Page:History of Philosophy.djvu/25


text:
Page:Malay Sketches.pdf/206

 Once in Slêman's boat, and the bark had been silently unmoored and allowed to drift out of sight and hearing, little time was lost in getting out the oars and pulling with might and main down river towards the coast.

All night long the rowers bent to their work, but when morning broke and less than half the distance to the river's mouth had been traversed, Slêman ordered the men to pull in to the bank, fasten up the boat and rest.

It seemed a foolhardy proceeding to waste the precious time, for with the dawn the elopement would be discovered and Iskander would be in pursuit before the sun had cleared the tops of the jungle trees.

Raja Slêman's quiet serenity was not disturbed by anticipations of capture or fear of the outraged husband's fury. On the contrary, he procured a small boat and a messenger, and he indited a letter to Raja Iskander, informing him he had carried away the Raja Maimûnah, but that he had not gone far, having only reached the place he named. He added that he would wait there for one night and one day against the coming of any who might wish to try and take the lady from him, and that after that time he should continue his journey to the coast and thence to his own country.

title: Page:Malay Sketches.pdf/206


text:
Page:The lives of the poets of Great Britain and Ireland to the time of Dean Swift - Volume 2.djvu/15

 THOMAS MAY. 5

 * Art thou not gone! kill him that gazeth on her;
 * For all that see her sure must doat like me,
 * And treason for her, will be wrought against us.
 * Be sudden—to our tents—pray thee away,
 * The hell on earth is love that brings delay.

Thomas May,

A POET and historian of the 17th century, was descended of an ancient, but decayed family in the county of Sussex, in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, and was educated a fellow commoner in Sidney Sussex College in Cambridge. He afterwards removed to London, and lived about the court, where he contracted friendships with several gentlemen of fashion and distinction, especially with Endymion Porter esquire, one of the gentlemen of the bedchamber to King Charles I. while he resided at court be wrote five plays, which are extant under his name. In 1622, he published at London, in 8vo. a translation of Virgil's Georgics with annotations; and in 1635, a Poem on King Edward III. It was printed under the title of the Victorious Reign of Edward III. written in seven books, by his Majesty's command. In the dedication to Charles I. our author writes thus; "I should humbly have craved your Majesty's pardon for my omission of the latter part of King Edward's reign, but that the sense of mine own defects hath put me in mind of a most necessary suit, so beg forgiveness for that part which is here written. Those great actions of Edward III. are the arguments of this poem, which is here

•Langbaine's Lives of the Poets.

B 3 *' ended^


text:
Page:The plastic age, (IA plasticage00mark).pdf/121

Rh he had not only learned a lot but that he had en¬ joyed the evening heartily.

The college grew quieter and quieter as the day for the examinations approached. There were seminars on everything, even on the best way to prepare cribs. Certain students with low grades and less honor would somehow gravitate together and discuss plans for “foxing the profs.” Opinions differed. One man usually insisted that notes in the palm of the left hand were safe from detection, only to be met by the objection that they had to be written in ink, and if one’s hand perspired, “and it was sure as hell to,” nothing was left but an inky smear. Another held that a fellow could fasten a rubber band on his forearm and attach the notes to those, pulling them down when needed and then letting them snap back out of sight into safety. “But,” one of the conspirators was sure to object, “what th’ hell are you going to do if the band breaks?” Some of them insisted that notes placed in the inside of one’s goloshes—all the students wore them but took them off in the examinationroom—could be easily read. “Yeah, but the proc¬ tors are wise to that stunt.” And so ad infinitum. Eventually all the “stunts” were used and many more. Not that all the students cheated. Every¬ thing considered, the percentage of cheaters was not great, but those who did cheat usually spent


text:
Page:The plastic age, (IA plasticage00mark).pdf/171

CHAPTER XV
SANFORD defeated Raleigh this year in foot¬ ball, and for a time the college was wild with excitement and delight. Most of the free lumber in Haydensville was burned in a triumphant bonfire, and many of the undergraduates celebrated so joyously with their winnings that they looked sadly bedraggled for several days afterward.

The victory was discussed until the boys were thoroughly sick of it, and then they settled down to a normal life, studying; playing pool, billiards, and cards; going to the movies, reading a little, and holding bull sessions.

Hugh attended many bull sessions. Some of them he found interesting, but many of them were merely orgies of filthy talk, the participants vying with one another in telling the dirtiest stories; and although Hugh was not a prig, he was offended by a dirty story that was told merely for the sake of its dirt. Pudge Jamieson’s stories were smutty, but they were funny, too, and he could send Hugh into paroxysms of laughter any time that he chose.

One night in late November Plugh was in Gordon Ross’s room in Surrey along with four


text:
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90 was kissed by a man she had never seen before and never would again, nor did she object—Wayne Gitford was turning handsprings, and many of the stu¬ dents were feebly fluttering their hands, voiceless, spent with cheering, weak from excitement.

Early in the fourth quarter, however, Raleigh got its revenge, carrying the ball to a touch-down after a series of line rushes. Sanford tried desperately to score again, but its best efforts were useless against the Raleigh defense. The final whistle blew; and Sanford had lost. Cheering wildly, tossing their hats into the air, the Raleigh students piled down from the grand stand upon the field. With the cheer-leaders at the head, waving their megaphones, the boys rapidly formed into a long line in uneven groups, holding arms, dancing, shouting, winding in and out around the field, between the goal-posts, tossing their hats over the bars, waving their hands at the Sanford men standing despondently in their places—in and out, in and out, in the triumphant serpentine. Finally they paused, took off their hats, cheered first their own team, then the Sanford team, and then sang their hymn while the Sanford men respectfully un¬ covered, silent and despairing.

When the hymn was over, the Sanford men quietly left the grand stand, quietly formed into a long line in groups of fours, quietly marched to the college flagpole in the center of the campus. A Sanford


text:
Page:History of Philosophy.djvu/26

4 antiquity had assigned to it, to supply from scientific insight a foundation for a theory of the world and of human life, where religion was no longer able to meet this need, or at least to meet it alone. In the conviction that it was equal to this task, the philosophy of the eighteenth century, like that of the Greeks, considered it its right and duty to enlighten men with regard to the nature of things, and from this position of insight to rule the life of the individual and of society.

In this position of self-security philosophy was shaken by Kant, who demonstrated the impossibility of a philosophical (i.e. metaphysical) knowledge of the world beside of or above the individual sciences, and thereby restricted once more the conception and the task of philosophy; for after this quitclaim the realm of philosophy, as a particular science, was narrowed to just that critical consideration by Reason of itself, from which Kant had won his decisive insight, and which needed only to be extended systematically to activities other than that of knowing. With this function, could be united what Kant called the universal or cosmical conception of philosophy,—its vocation in the practical direction of life.

It is, to be sure, far from true that this new and apparently final conception of philosophy gained universal acceptance at once. It is rather the case that the great variety of philosophical movements of the nineteenth century has left no earlier form of philosophy unrepeated, and that a luxuriant development of the "metaphysical need" even brought back, for a time, the inclination to swallow up all human knowledge in philosophy, and complete this again as an all-embracing science.

2. In view of these mutations through which the meaning of the word "philosophy" has passed in the course of time, it seems impracticable to pretend to gain a general conception of philosophy from historical comparison. None of those brought forward for this purpose apply to all those structures of mental activity which lay claim to the name. Even the subordination of philosophy under the more general conception "science" is questionable in the case of those types of teaching which place a one-sided emphasis on the

title: Page:History of Philosophy.djvu/26


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Page:Malay Sketches.pdf/207

 Raja Iskander received this missive whilst yet undecided what course to take in the untoward disaster that had befallen him. The letter did not greatly help him to arrive at a decision, and he was still discussing with his chiefs who should have the honour of pursuing and punishing the abductor when the twenty-four hours expired.

Neither Iskander nor any of his people ever started on that quest, and Raja Slêman carried Maimûnah in safety to his own country.

The disconsolate husband, whose ideas were in accord with a civilisation beyond the education or sympathetic comprehension of his subjects, decided to divorce his faithless wife and leave her lover to marriage and the punishment of his own conscience. It is a painful fact that this conduct earned him not the admiration but the contempt of his people.

Iskander had one revenge: he discovered amongst Maimûnah's women two who had carried messages between the lovers. One was a woman of twenty-five, the other a girl of fourteen, and both were incontinently strangled.

As for Slêman and Maimûnah, they were duly married, and she bore him a daughter in all respects like her mother, though not, the old people say, her

title: Page:Malay Sketches.pdf/207


text:
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270 because he thought Norry could help him but be¬ cause he had to talk to somebody and Norry already knew the worst. They went walking far out into the country, idly discussing campus gossip or pausing to revel in the beauty of the night, the clear, clean sky, the pale moon, the fireflies spar¬ kling suddenly over the meadows or even to the tree-tops. Weary from their long walk, they sat down on a stump, and Hugh let the dam of his emotion break. “Norry,” he began intensely, “I’m in hell—in hell. It’s a week since Prom, and I have n’t had a line from Cynthia. I have n’t dared write to her.”

“Why not?”

“She—she—oh, damn it!—she told me before she left that everything was all off. That’s why she left early. She said that we did n’t love each other, that all we felt was sex attraction. I don’t know whether she’s right or not, but I miss her like the devil. I—I feel empty, sort of hollow in¬ side, as if everything had suddenly been poured out of me—and there’s nothing to take its place. I was full of Cynthia, you see, and now there’s no Cynthia. There’s nothing left but—oh, God, Norry, I’m ashamed of myself. I feel—dirty.” The last word was hardly audible.

Norry touched his arm. “I know, Hugh, and I’m awfully sorry. I think, though, that Cynthia


text: Author:Charles Henry Morse

title: Author:Charles Henry Morse


text: Punch and Judy/Chapter 1

title: Punch and Judy/Chapter 1


text: Punch and Judy/Chapter 2

title: Punch and Judy/Chapter 2


text:
Page:Malay Sketches.pdf/208

 peer in beauty. The laudator temporis acti is a common and flourishing plant in Malaya.

In the two children born before the elopement, it is difficult to trace any resemblance to their mother.

Maimûnah died years and years ago, the victim of a malignant disease; but Slêman still lives in his own country, his hair is getting grey, but otherwise he shows few signs of age. Time has only intensified the courteous bearing and quiet repose of manner which seem to fitly accompany his gentle winning voice; no one would suspect that this man, almost single-handed, carried off the chief spouse of an Oriental prince, and then defied the whole country to take her from him.

There are no local bards to record Slêman's story in deathless song, and the people are so impregnated with vice that they seek for no excuses to palliate his conduct, and have no condemnation for this ruthless destroyer of Iskander's happy home. But they are Muhammadans, and seldom allow themselves the luxury of burning moral convictions. I have never seen a missionary proselytising amongst the Malays, but many years ago I was told that a Christian missionary came to Malâya full of zeal and confident of success. He began with a man who seemed an earnest, truthful person, anxious to

title: Page:Malay Sketches.pdf/208


text: Punch and Judy/Chapter 3

title: Punch and Judy/Chapter 3


text:
Page:History of Philosophy.djvu/27

§ 1.] practical significance of their doctrine· still less can we define the subject-matter and form of philosophy considered as a special science, in a way that shall hold good for all cases. For even aside from the primitive or the revived standpoint for which philosophy is a universal science, the attempts to limit it are extremely various. The problems of natural science form at first almost the sole objects of interest for philosophy, then for a long period are included in its scope, and do not separate from it until modern times. History, on the other hand, has remained an object of indifference to most philosophical systems, and has emerged as an object of philosophical investigation relatively late and in isolated cases. Metaphysical doctrines, again, in which the centre of philosophy is usually sought, we see either pushed one side at important turning-points in history or declared to be entirely impossible ; and if at times the ability of philosophy to determine the life of the individual or of society is emphasised, a proud standpoint of pure theory has renounced such a menial occupation

From still another side it has been claimed that philosophy treats the same subjects as the other sciences, but in another sense and by another method; but neither has this specific characteristic of form historical universality. That there is no such acknowledged historical method would of course be no objection if only the endeavour after such a method were a constant characteristic of all philosophies. This is, however, so far from being the case that in fact many philosophers imprint on their science the method of other disciplines, e.g. of mathematics or of investigation of nature, while others will have nothing at all to do with a methodical treatment of their problems, and regard the philosophic activity as analogous to the creations of genius in art.

3. From these circumstances is explained also the fact that there is no fixed relation of philosophy to the other sciences, which is capable of a definition valid for all history. Where philosophy presents itself as the universal science, the other sciences appear only as its more or less distinctly separated parts. Where, on the contrary, philosophy is assigned the task of grasping the results of the par-

title: Page:History of Philosophy.djvu/27


text: Punch and Judy/Chapter 4

title: Punch and Judy/Chapter 4


text:
Page:The instinct of workmanship, and the state of the industrial arts, (IA instinctofworkma00vebl 0).pdf/119

Contamination of Instincts in Primitive Technology contemporary lower cultures bears only equivocally on the point of first interest here,—viz., the antecedents of the Western civilisation. What is more to the point, though harder to get at in any definitive way, is the pre-history of this civilisation. Here the inquiry will perforce go on survivals and reminiscences and on the implications of known facts of antiquity as well as of certain features still extant in the current cultural scheme.

It seems antecedently improbably that the domestication of the crop plants and animals could have been effected at all except among peoples leading a passably peaceable, and presently a sedentary life. And the length of time required for what was achieved in remote antiquity in this respect speaks for the prevalence of (passably) peaceable conditions over intervals of time and space that overpass all convenient bounds of chronology and localisation. Evidence of maternal descent, maternal religious practices and maternal discretion in the disposal of goods meet the inquiry in ever increasing force as soon as it beings to penetrate back on the conventionally accepted dawn of history; and survivals and reminiscences of such institutions appear here and there within the historical period with increasing frequency the more painstaking the inquiry becomes. And that institutions of this character require a peaceable situation for their genesis as well as for their survival is not only antecendently probably on grounds of congruity, but it is evidenced by the way in which they incontinently decay and presently disappear wherever the cultural situation takes on a predatory character or develops a large-scale civilisation, with a coercive government, differentiation of classes—especially in the pecuniary


text: Punch and Judy/Chapter 5

title: Punch and Judy/Chapter 5


text:
Page:Malay Sketches.pdf/209

 learn, a promising subject. The missionary told. him the story of the Immaculate Conception. The Malay listened to the end, showing great interest in the miraculous narrative of the Blessed Virgin; then he said, "If that had happened to my wife, I should have killed her."

title: Page:Malay Sketches.pdf/209


text:
History of the Berwickshire Naturalists' Club

Volumes

 * Volume 1, on 1831-1833(1834)
 * Volume 2, on 1842-1849(1849)
 * Volume 3, on 1850-1856(1857)
 * Volume 4
 * Volume 5
 * Volume 6, on 1869-1872(1872)
 * Volume 7, on 1873-1876(1876)
 * Volume 8, on 1876-1878(1879)
 * Volume 9, on 1879-1881(1882)
 * Volume 10, on 1882-1884(1885)
 * Volume 11, on 1885-1886(1887)
 * Volume 12, on 1887-1889(1890)
 * Volume 13
 * Volume 14, on 1890-1891(1892)
 * Volume 15, on 1894-1895(1897)
 * Volume 16, on 1896-1898(1899)
 * Volume 17, on 1899-1900(1901)


text: Punch and Judy/Chapter 6

title: Punch and Judy/Chapter 6


text:
User talk:Handpigdad

A Letter from Freud
Hello, thanks for trying to improve the page. I have noticed that you tried to revert your own edit, but the edit filter prevented you from doing so by mistake. I have done the edit and corrected the filter at the same time. --Jan Kameníček (talk) 15:30, 5 October 2023 (UTC)

title: User talk:Handpigdad


text:
Punch and Judy/The Tragical Comedy of Punch and Judy

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text: Punch and Judy/Punch's Pranks

title: Punch and Judy/Punch's Pranks


text:
Page:Malay Sketches.pdf/305

 shoots rays of gold over Penang in the north and the Dinding Islands in the south, seventy miles apart. This golden light spreads for a space upward through the bank of clouds, till, paling into a belt of grey that again deepens into blue, and ever gaining in intensity, it rises to the zenith and fills the empyrean.

Meanwhile the darkness which seemed to be settling over the distant eastern ranges is gradually suffused with soft tints of rose dorée, transfiguring peak after peak and clearly defining every ridge and valley. This aftermath of day, wherein the sun returns to kiss the hills with one last lingering caress, fills the whole atmosphere with a rosy effulgence, then fades reluctantly away. 'Twixt western sea and eastern hill lies that great sea-indented plain over which night settles slowly but surely, while still the sky and hills are vivid with colour. But even the plain assumes its night garb with no less grace and beauty. A faint mist has risen from swamp and river, and, spreading itself over the land, takes soft hues of opal and heliotrope deepening into purple, while only the pools and river-reaches shine out, like scraps of mirror stealing borrowed glory from the sky.

Soon this light wanes; purple turns to grey, the

title: Page:Malay Sketches.pdf/305


text:
Page:Malay Sketches.pdf/304

 same valley through which the river, plainly visible twenty miles away, winds in a silver streak. On the right stands Gunong Bubu, the isolated mass terminating in a needle-like point nearly 6000 feet high. The spurs of this mountain spread out in every direction, north to the Pass from Larut into the Perak Valley, east to the Perak River, and southwards nearly to the coast. In the south-east, across the Perak River, rise five or six ranges of hills of ever-increasing height. Over the first range can be seen the valley of the Kinta, with its many fantastic limestone cliffs standing clearly out; then follow Chabang, Korbu, and finally the mountains dividing Perak from Pahang. Those hills fading out of sight in the far-away south are near the borders of Perak and Selangor.

As we turn our faces back to the setting sun, the great disc, now grown a deep crimson, is sinking through a bank of clouds into a sea of flame. The waters beyond the influence of the sun's light are a brilliant sapphire, a reflection of the sky above. There is only one long, low bank of cloud, and that is on the horizon.

A moment later and the sun itself has gone, but from the spot where it disappeared is radiating a lurid glow which kindles the clouds into fire and

title: Page:Malay Sketches.pdf/304


text: Page:Early English prose romances (Thoms, 1858, v. 3).djvu/8


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text: Rudyard Kipling's Verse, Inclusive Edition, 1885-1918/The Mary Gloster


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 be madness to land at Blanja, where we should be like rats in a trap, and the only course was to go on at once and at all hazards before they had time to stop us.

The idea of returning up-river was unpleasant and well nigh impossible, it was therefore discarded at once.

All the men in both my boats had heard what Haji Ali said, and as some of them did not relish the prospect of trying to run the gauntlet, I decided to leave one boat and only take those who volunteered to go. That question was very soon settled, every Perak man declined the journey; my Manila boy took the rudder, three foreign Malays and Mahmud's two men formed the crew, and Mahmud and I were the passengers. There was my Chinese servant, he was not a man of war, and I thought he would prefer to remain where he was, for they all realised that the danger would be in staying with me. When I asked him, however, he smiled a not quite pleasant smile, and producing a long knife said he did not mean to move. It was quite clear that if it came to close quarters he would give a good account of himself.

By this time we were ready to start, but just as the men were preparing to get the boat out into the stream, Haji Ali appeared again to take us on

title: Page:Malay Sketches.pdf/278


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Page:Malay Sketches.pdf/274

 village, talked to the people, and in the absence of the headman I sent for his deputy. He came accompanied by four or five men all armed to the teeth, and we had a conversation wherein I think each side did its best to "bluff" the other. It so happened that we had come away without the proclamations, and I asked the headman to send to Kuala Kangsar, when I got back, and I would give the papers, that he might post them in Kôta Lâma.

He said they only acknowledged one chief in Kôta Lâma, and he was the Raja Bendahara, and they would do nothing without his orders. I told them I would ask the Bendahara to give the necessary instructions, but inquired, "What about the Sultan?" To which they replied that he lived a long way off. They added, "We won't hinder you if you want to post the proclamations," but they did not say it in the politest fashion, and I told them the permission was unnecessary, as, if I had had the proclamations, I should have posted. them. After this we had a long and comparatively friendly talk, and it was nearly dark when I left them.

Raja Mahmud stood by and said nothing, but they knew well enough who he was, and it is possible they might have acted differently had he

title: Page:Malay Sketches.pdf/274


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Page:The lives of the poets of Great Britain and Ireland to the time of Dean Swift - Volume 2.djvu/16

 ended where his fortune began to decline, where the French by revolts, and private practices regained that which had been won from them by eminent and famous victories; which times may afford fitter observations for an acute historian in prose, than strains of heighth for an heroic poem." The poem thus begins,

 * The third, and greatest Edward's reign we sing,
 * The high atchievements of that martial King,
 * Where long successful prowesse did advance,
 * So many trophies in triumphed France,
 * And first her golden lillies bare; who o're
 * Pyrennes mountains to that western shore,
 * Where Tagus tumbles through his yellow sand
 * Into the ocean; stretch'd his conquering hand.

From the lines quoted, the reader will be able to judge what sort of versifier our author was, and from this beginning he has no great reason to expect an entertaining poem, especially as it is of the historical kind; and he who begins a poem thus insipidly, can never expect his readers to accompany him to the third page. May likewise translated Fucan's Pharsalia, which poem he continued down to the death of Julius Caesar, both in Latin and English verse.

Dr. Fuller says, that some disgust was given to him at court, which alienated his affections from it, and determined him, in the civil wars to adhere to the Parliament.

Mr. Philips in his Theatrum Poetarum, observes, that he stood candidate with Sir William Davenant for the Laurel, and his ambition being frustrated, he conceived the most violent aversion to the King and Queen. Sir William Davenant, besides the acknowledged superiority of his abilities, had ever distinguished himself for loyalty, and was patronized and favoured by men of power, especially the Marquis of Newcastle: a circumstance which

we


text: Index:The History of Concord- From Its First Grant in 1725, to the Organization of the City Government ... (IA historyconcordf01boutgoog).pdf


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text: Page:The History of Concord- From Its First Grant in 1725, to the Organization of the City Government ... (IA historyconcordf01boutgoog).pdf/4


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 we find not to have happened to May: it is true, they were both the friends of the amiable Endymion Porter, esq; but we are not informed whether that gentleman interested himfelf on either side.

In the year 1647, was published in London in folio, The Hiitory of the Parliament of England, which began November 3, 1640, with a short and Necessary View of some precedent Years, written by Thomas May, Esq; Secretary to the Parliament, and published by their authority. In 1650 he published in 8vo. A Breviary of the History of the Parliament of England. Besides these works, Mr. Philips tells us, he wrote a History of Henry IV. in English verse, the Comedy of the Old Wives Tale, and the History of Orlando Furioso ; but the latter, Mr. Langbaine, who is a higher authority than Philips, assures us was written before May was able to hold a pen, much less to write a play, being printed in 4to. London, 1594. Mr. Winstanley says, that in his history, he shews all the spleen of a mal-content, and had he been preferred to the Bays, as he happened to be disappointed, he would have embraced the Royal interest with as much zeal, as he did the republican; for a man who espouses a cause from spite only, can be depended upon by no party, because he acts not upon any principles of honour or conviction. Our author died suddenly in the year 1652, and was interred near the tomb of Camden, on the West side of the North isle of Westminster Abbey, but his body, with several others, was dug up after the restoration, and buried in a pit in St. Margaret's church yard. Mr. May's plays are,

1. Agrippina, Empress of Rome, a Tragedy, printed in 12mo. London, 1639. Our author has

fj Wood's Fafli Oxon. vol. i. p. 205*

B 4 followed


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text: User:SnowyCinema/P/A Venetian June

title: User:SnowyCinema/P/A Venetian June


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User talk:Megb64

Beeswaxcandle (talk) 17:18, 5 October 2023 (UTC)

title: User talk:Megb64


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User talk:Sosdately

Beeswaxcandle (talk) 17:18, 5 October 2023 (UTC)

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 followed Suetonius and Tacitus, and has translated and inserted above 30 lines from Petronius Arbiter; this circumstance we advance on the authority of Langbaine, whose extensive reading has furnished him with the means of tracing the plots of most part of our English plays; we have heard that there is a Tragedy on this subject, written by Mr. Gray of Cambridge, the author of the beautiful Elegy in a Country Church Yard; which play Mr. Garrick has sollicited him to bring upon the stage; to which the author has not yet consented.

2. Antigone, the Theban Princess, a Tragedy, printed in 8vo. London, 1631, and dedicated to Endymion Porter, Esq; Our author in the contexture of this Tragedy, has made use of the Antigone of Sophocles, and the Thebais of Seneca.

3. Cleopatra, Queen of Egypt, a Tragedy, acted 1626, and printed in 12mo. London, 1639, and dedicated to Sir Kenelme Digby: The author has followed the historians of those times. We have in our language two other plays upon the same subject, one by Shakespear, and the other by Dryden

4. Heir, a Comedy, acted by the company of revels, 1620; this play is much commended by Mr. Thomas Carew, in a copy of verses prefixed to the play, where, amongst other commendations bestowed on the stile, and natural working up of the passions, he says thus of the economy of the play.

 * The whole plot doth alike itself disclose,
 * Thro' the five Acts, as doth a lock, that goes
 * With letters, for 'till every one be known,
 * The lock's as fast, as if you had found none.

If


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6 ticular sciences in their general significance, and harmonising them into a comprehensive knowledge of the world, we have as the result peculiarly complex relations· in the first place, a dependence of philosophy upon the existing condition of insight reached in the particular disciplines—a dependence which expresses itself principally in the furtherance of philosophy by the prominent advances made by individual sciences; in the next place, an influence in the opposite direction, when philosophy takes part in the work of the particular sciences. This action is felt as help or as hindrance, according as the philosophical treatment of the questions embraced under the particular disciplines sometimes contributes valuable factors for their solution, by means of its wider range of vision and its tendency toward unity, but at other times presents itself only as a duplication which, if it leads to like results, appears useless, or if it wishes to furnish other results, dangerous.

Prom what has been said it is evident farther, that the relations of philosophy to the other activities of civilisation are no less close than its relation to the individual sciences. For the conceptions arising from the religious and ethical and artistic life, from the life of the state and of society, force their way everywhere, side by side with the results won from scientific investigation, into the idea of the universe which the philosophy of metaphysical tendencies aims to frame; and the reason's valuations (Werthbestimmungen) and standards of judgment demand their place in that idea the more vigorously, just in proportion as it is to become the basis for the practical significance of philosophy. In this way humanity's convictions and ideals find their expression in philosophy side by side with its intellectual insights; and if these convictions and ideals are regarded, erroneously often, as gaining thereby the form of scientific intelligence, they may receive under certain circumstances valuable clarification and modification by this means. Thus this relation also of philosophy to general culture is not only that of receiving, but also that of giving.

It is not without interest to consider also the mutations in external position and social relations which philosophy has experienced. It may be assumed science was from the first, with perhaps a few exceptions (Socrates), pursued in Greece in closed schools. The fact that those, even at a later time, had the form

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 If this comedy, is no better than these wretched commendatory lines, it is miserable indeed.

5. Old Couple, a Comedy, printed in 4to; this play is intended to expose the vice of covetousness.

John Taylour, Water-Poet,

WAS born in Gloucestershire, where he went to school with one Green, and having got into his accidence, was bound apprentice to a Waterman in London, which, though a laborious employment, did not so much depress his mind, but that he sometimes indulged himself in poetry. Taylour retates a whimsical story of his schoolmaster Mr. Green, which we shall here insert upon the authority of Winstanley. "Green loved new milk so well, that in order to have it new, he went to the market to buy a cow, but his eyes being dim, he cheapened a bull, and asking the price of the beast, the owner and he agreed, and driving it home, would have his maid to milk it, which she attempting to do, could find no teats; and whilst the maid and her master were arguing the matter, the bull very fairly pissed into the pail;" whereupon his scholar John Taylour wrote these verses,

 * Our mafter Green was overseen
 * In buying of a bull,
 * For when the maid did mean to milk,
 * He piss'd the pail half full.


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THE AUTHOR.


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Author:George Sloan

 * George White Sloan (1835–1903), Indiana author

title: Author:George Sloan


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Author:George White Sloan

Articles

 * "Fifty Years in Pharmacy" (1903)

title: Author:George White Sloan


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Page:NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE SURVEY 18; CZECHOSLOVAKIA; SCIENCE CIA-RDP01-00707R000200110012-0.pdf/27

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Czechoslovak Commission on Solar-Terrestrial Physics, and studies in this area, as well as on other aspects of solar research, are conducted by the Geophysical Institute of the CSAV, Prague, and by that of the SAV, Hurbanovo.

(2) Space science and aeronomy—Since the beginning of space activity, the space science effort has been directed principally to satellite tracking. The country participates in the Soviet-sponsored INTEROBS optical tracking program for the determination of short-period changes in upper atmospheric density and in various Soviet- or Western-sponsored photographic tracking programs. The Ondrejov Observatory has cooperated also with the U.S.S.R. in making photometric observations of satellites, including the study of atmospheric optical properties and aerosol and ozone distributions.

Czechoslovakia is one of the principal participants in the Soviet-sponsored Intercosmos cooperative space program of the East European Communist countries. It has provided some of the instrumentation for, or otherwise has participated in experiments involving, several of the Soviet-launched satellites of the Intercosmos series. These vehicles, the first of which, Interkosmos-1, was launched in October 1969, have had various missions, including solar, cosmic ray, magnetospheric, and ionospheric research. A recent contribution by Czechoslovakia was the provision of some of the instrumentation for Interkosmos-8 launched in December 1972 to make ionospheric observations. Czechoslovakia also participated in the cooperative solar and ionospheric experiments conducted by means of the high-altitude geophysical rockets Vertikal-1 and Vertikal-2, launched by the Soviets in 1970 and 1971, respectively. In addition, it has cooperated in developing instrumentation for Soviet meteorological satellites and is a party to a 1971 agreement by the East European Communist countries to establish the Soviet-sponsored communications satellite system.

Czechoslovak research in the disciplines relating to the high atmosphere is competent but not internationally present. Cosmic ray observational activity is centered in the Institute of Experimental Physics, Kosice, of the SAV. It has a cosmic ray laboratory on Lomnicky Stit and has cooperated with the U.S.S.R. in making observations in Antarctica. The principal center for ground-based ionospheric research is the Geophysical institute of the CSAV, Prague, which has ionospheric observatories at Pruhonic and at Panska Ves. Research includes the making of vertical incidence soundings, investigations of ionospheric structure, and radio-wave propagation research. The Upper Atmosphere Department, Prague, of the Astronomical Institute of the CSAV conducts airglow research and is active in twilight-sky studies of the aerosol content of the upper atmosphere. Ground-based photometric observations are made at the Ondrejov and Skalnate Pleso observatories, and twilight sky measurements have been made from aircraft and from stratospheric balloons in cooperation with the French.

(3) Meteorology—Meteorological research in Czechoslovakia is not outstanding. That conducted by the Hydrometeorological institute, which is headquartered in Prague, is predominantly in climatology and synoptic meteorology. Similar type research is done also by the Institute of Meteorology and Climatology, Bratislava, of the SAV, and in the universities. The Hydrometeorological Institute has also done a small amount of numerical forecasting research. The Institute of Physics of the Atmosphere, Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, is located in Sporilov. The institute conducts research on general circulation of the atmosphere and also conducts studies in dynamic climatology, physics of the clouds, and precipitation and the boundary layer of the atmosphere. Czechoslovakia is one of the three countries in Europe with the greatest air pollution. Atmospheric physics research is playing an important role in improving the dissipation of smoke stack gases caused by a sprawling power, engineering, metallurgical, and chemical industry.

(4) Terrestrial geophysics and geology—Czechoslovakia exhibits a high level of competence in terrestrial geophysics, particularly in seismology. The most important center is the Geophysical Institute, Prague, of the CSAV. Other principal centers are the Geophysical Institute of Charles University; a center of the SAV, Hurbanovo; and the Institute of Applied Geophysics, Brno. Czechoslovakia has major geomagnetic observatories at Pruhonice, Budkov, and Hurbanovo, and a seismograph network with instruments at Pruhonice, Prague, Kasperske Hory, Bratislava, Srobarova, Hurbanovo, and Skalnate Pleso. In addition to the network station, there is an experimental subterranean station at Kasperske Hory.

In research on geomagnetism, the study of solar influences on the geomagnetic field is emphasized. However, work is done also on geomagnetic pulsations, in making aeromagnetic surveys and preparing geomagnetic maps, and in paleomagnetism. Magnetotelluric (earth) current observations have also been made in studies of the deep geological structure in Czechoslovakia.

21

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Author:George Sloane (1864-1942)

As illustrator

 * A Venetian June (1896) by Anna Fuller

title: Author:George Sloane (1864-1942)


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Page:History of Philosophy.djvu/29

§ 1 ] of societies with religious laws would not in itself alone, in view of the religious character of all Greek judicial institutions, prove a religious origin of these schools, but the circumstance that Greek science worked out its contents directly from religious ideas, and that certain connections with religious cults present themselves unmistakably in a number of directions, makes it not improbable that the scientific societies sprang originally from religious unions (the Mysteries) and continued in a certain connection with them. But when the scientific life had developed to complete independence, these connections fell away and purely scientific schools were founded as free unions of men who, under the guidance of persons of importance, shared with each other the work of research, exposition, defence, and polemic, and at the same time had an ethical bond in a common ideal of the conduct of life.

With the advent of the larger relations of life in the Hellenistic and Roman period, these unions naturally became loosened, and we frequently meet writers, especially among the Romans, who are active in the field of philosophy in a purely individual way, neither members of a school nor professional teachers. Such were Cicero, Seneca, and Marcus Aurelius. Not until the latest period of antiquity were the ties of the schools drawn more closely again, as in Neo-Pythagoreanism and Neo-Platonism.

Among the Romanic and Germanic peoples the course of events has been not unlike that in the ancient world. The science of the Middle Ages also appears in the tram of the Church civilisation, it has its seats in the cloister-schools, and is stimulated toward independent development primarily by questions of religious interest. In it, too, the oppositions of various religious orders, such as the Dominicans and Franciscans, assert themselves for a time, and even the freer scientific associations out of which the universities gradually developed, had originally a religious background and an ecclesiastical stamp. Hence there was always but a slight degree of independence with reference to Church doctrine in this corporate philosophy of the universities, and this held true on into the eighteenth century for the Protestant universities also, in the foundation and development of which ecclesiastical and religious interests had a foremost place.

On the other hand, it is characteristic of the "world-wisdom" or secular philosophy which was gaining its independence at the beginning of the modern period, that those who bring and support it are not at all men of the schools, but men of the world and of life. An escaped monk, a state-chancellor, a cobbler, a nobleman, a proscribed Jew, a learned diplomat, independent men of letters and journalists,—these are the founders of modern philosophy, and in accord with this, their work takes for its outer form not the test-book or the deposit of academical disputations, but the free literary production, the essay.

Not until the second half of the eighteenth century did philosophy again become corporate, and domesticated in the universities. This took place first in Germany, where the most favourable conditions were afforded by the rising independence of the universities, and where a fruitful interchange between teachers and students of the university was beneficial to philosophy also.

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Author:George Sloane

 * George Sloane (1864–1942), American artist
 * George Benedict Sloane (1898–1958), American philatelist

title: Author:George Sloane


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Page:Korean Romanization.pdf/13

 {|style="width:100%"|
 * style="width:50%"|金 哲源
 * style="width:50%"|Kim Ch’ŏr-wŏn
 * 이 석민
 * Yi Sŏng-min
 * 류 성민 (or 유 성민)
 * Yu Sŏng-min
 * 나 민주 (or 라 민주)
 * Na Min-ju
 * 안 중근
 * An Chung-gŭn
 * 吳 齡蕙
 * O Yŏng-hye
 * 이 어령
 * Yi Ŏ-ryŏng
 * 김 창룡
 * Kim Ch’ang-nyong
 * 김 철운
 * Kim Ch’ŏr-un
 * 이 율곡
 * Yi Yul-gok
 * 김 지하
 * Kim Chi-ha
 * 김 소월
 * Kim So-wŏl
 * }
 * 김 철운
 * Kim Ch’ŏr-un
 * 이 율곡
 * Yi Yul-gok
 * 김 지하
 * Kim Chi-ha
 * 김 소월
 * Kim So-wŏl
 * }
 * 김 소월
 * Kim So-wŏl
 * }
 * }

(b) Connect the syllables of a forename or pseudonym (호, 필명, 법명) when they are not preceded by a family name.

Exception 1: The surnames 李 and 異, written in Hangul as 리 or 이, are always romanized as Yi no matter how they are written.

Exception 2: When a personal name is written in Hangul, and the first part of person’s given name begins with ㄹ, consider this to be evidence that the initial ㄹ is intended to be pronounced, and romanize the initial ㄹ as r.

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 would have been powder wasted, as it was impossible to recover the game.

The travelers moved at the rate of about twelve miles an hour, and soon found themselves in 38° 20' longitude, over the village of Tounda. "That is the place," said the doctor, "where Burton and Speke succumbed to fever, and for a time believed their expedition must be given up. They were as yet but a little distance from the coast, but already fatigue and privation began to tell upon them."

In fact, in this region a perpetual malaria exists. Even the doctor could only escape its attacks by rising in the balloon above the miasma, which the burning sun caused to rise from the swampy earth.

Sometimes they could perceive a caravan reposing in a "kraal," waiting for the cool hours of evening to resume their journey. These "kraals" stand in large cleared spaces surrounded by hedges and jungle, where the traders are secure, not only from the attacks of wild beasts, but from those of the pillaging native tribes. The natives fled in every direction at the appearance of the "Victoria." Kennedy wished to have a nearer view, but the doctor would not hear of it.

"The chiefs are armed with muskets," he said, "and our balloon is too good a shot for them."

"Would a bullet-hole bring the balloon down?" asked Joe.

"Not immediately; but the aperture would soon extend to an immense fissure, through which all our gas would escape."

"Then I vote we keep at a respectful distance from those wretches. I wonder what they think of us up here. I am sure they want to worship us?"

"Let them worship us as much as they please at a distance. That pleases us all round. Look here, the country is already changing, villages are fewer, the mangoes have disappeared; their growth ceases in this latitude. The land is hilly, a sign we are approaching mountains. In fact," said Kennedy, "I fancy I can descry some mountains this side of us."

"In the west—those are the first chain of the Ourizara—Mount Duthumi, no doubt, behind which I hope we shall encamp for the night. I will stir up the blow-pipe a little,


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{|style="width:100%"|
 * style="width:50%"|
 * style="width:50%"|
 * 최란
 * Ch’oe Ran
 * 하 리수
 * Ha Ri-su
 * 이 류환
 * Yi Ryu-hwan
 * }
 * 이 류환
 * Yi Ryu-hwan
 * }

For given names of Western origin, romanize the ㄹ as r or l corresponding to its counterpart in the Western word being romanized, following rule 10 below.

Exception 3: When the pronunciation of a historically well-known person’s given name, beginning with ㄴ or ㄹ, is in conflict with the romanization rule, romanize to represent the pronunciation. If pronunciation is in doubt, refer to this reference work: 한국 민족 문화 대백과 사전. 경기도 성남시 : 한국 정신 문화 연구원, 1991. 10. Words of Western Origin

Do not give special treatment to words of Western origin. Apply the McCune-Reischauer romanization rules to words of Western origin, with exception of words beginning with the letter ㄹ. For the words beginning with the letter ㄹ, romanize the ㄹ as r or l corresponding to its counterpart in the Western word being romanized; however, when the first letter of the Western equivalent is silent, apply this rule to the next non-silent consonant.

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 for we shall be obliged to rise here to about 500 or 600 feet."

"That is a first-rate idea of yours, sir," said Joe; "the movement is neither difficult nor fatiguing; just turn a tap, and it is all done."

"We shall be more comfortable," said Kennedy, "when the balloon is higher up; the reflection from that red sand is very trying."

"What splendid trees those are!" exclaimed Joe; "though quite natural, they are magnificent. Why, a dozen of them would make a forest!"

"They are the 'baobab,'" replied Doctor Ferguson. See, one of their trunks must be almost 100 feet in circumference. It was, perhaps, at the trunk of that very tree that the unfortunate Frenchman, Maizan, was murdered in 1845, for we are just above the village of Deje la Mhora, whither he penetrated alone. He was captured by the chief of this territory, tied to the foot of the tree, and then the savage negro cut him slowly limb from limb, while he chanted a war-song. Then, making a deep incision in his victim's throat, he stopped to sharpen his knife, and literally tore the half-severed head from the body of the unfortunate Frenchman. He was only twenty-six."

"And did not France demand satisfaction for such a crime?" asked Kennedy.

"France did so, and the Said of Zanzibar did all he could to arrest the murderer, but without success."

"I hope I shall not be stopped in that way," said Joe.

"Up higher, sir, if you have any regard for me."

"And the more willingly, Joe, that Mount Duthumi is peering at us. If my calculations be correct, we shall have passed it before 7 "

"Shall we travel during the night?" asked the Scot.

"No; not unless we are obliged to do so. With precaution and careful watching we might do so in safety. But it is not enough to cross Africa, we must see it too."

"Hitherto we have not had much to complain of, sir. The country is the best cultivated and the most fertile in the world; not a desert, as the geographies would have us believe."

About half-past six the "Victoria" was opposite Mount Duthumi. It was necessary, to avoid it, to rise more than


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 3,000 feet, and for that the doctor had only to raise the temperature eighteen degrees. It might be said that he worked the balloon with his hand. Kennedy warned him of the obstacles to avoid, and the "Victoria" rose through the air skimming past the mountain.

At eight o'clock they descended on the opposite side, but the descent was slower than the ascent. The grapnels were cast out, and one after the other came in contact with the branches of an enormous Indian fig, where they fastened themselves. Then Joe let himself slip down by the cord and secured the balloon as firmly as possible. The silk ladder was then thrown to him, and he reascended briskly. The balloon remained almost motionless, shaded from the wind.

The evening meal was prepared. The travelers, with appetites excited by their aerial trip, made a great hole in their provisions.

"What distance have we made to-day?" asked Kennedy, while masticating some troublesome morsels.

The doctor ascertained the day's work by means of lunar observations, and consulted the excellent map which served him as a guide—it was part of the atlas published in Gotha by his friend Petermann, which he had sent to him. This atlas would serve the doctor for the whole journey, for it contained the route of Burton and Speke to the great lakes, that to the Soudan undertaken by Barth, to the lower Senegal by William Lejean, and to the delta of the Niger by Dr. Baike.

Ferguson also possessed a book which contained all the speculations written respecting the Nile, and entitled, "The Sources of the Nile; being a general survey of the basin of that river, and of its head stream, with the history of the Nilotic discovery. By Charles Beke, D.D."

He also had the excellent maps published in the Transactions of the Royal Geographical Society of London, so any point of the country hitherto discovered could not now escape him.

Following the map, he found that the latitudinal route had been two degrees, or 120 miles, to the west. Kennedy remarked that the route turned towards the north; this direction satisfied the doctor, who wished as soon as possible to follow up the tracks of his predecessors.


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 It was decided that the night should be divided into three watches, so that each could in his turn keep guard for the others. The doctor took the 9 watch, Kennedy the midnight turn, and Joe that at 3  So Kennedy and Joe, wrapped up in their rugs, laid down under the awning, and slept calmly while the doctor kept his vigil.

night was calm: nevertheless, upon the following morning (Saturday), Kennedy, on waking, complained of lassitude and shivering. The weather began to change, and the sky became covered with heavy clouds, as if preparing for a second deluge. Zungomero is a very "weeping" region indeed, for in that delightful locality it rains all the year round except perhaps for about fifteen days in January.

The heavy rain was not slow to assail the travelers. Below them the paths, intersected by "nullahs," the beds of mountain torrents, became impassable, choked as they were besides with bindweed and prickly plants. The travelers distinctly perceived the odor of sulphuretted hydrogen spoken of by Captain Burton.

"As he declared," said the doctor, "and he was right, one can almost believe that a dead body is hidden beneath each bush."

"A villainous country, certainly," said Joe, "and it seems to me that Mr. Kennedy is none the better for having passed the night in it."

"Well, to tell the truth, I have got a pretty strong touch of fever," said the Scot.

"My dear Dick, that is nothing wonderful; we are now in one of the most unhealthy spots in Africa. But we shall not be here long. Let us go."

Thanks to a rapid maneuver of Joe's, the grapnel was detached, and by means of the ladder he regained the car. The doctor at once expanded the gas and the "Victoria" resumed her voyage, impelled by a fairly strong breeze.

Some huts were scarcely visible in the pestilential mist beneath, but the country began soon to change its aspect.


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 It is often the case in Africa that malarious regions of small extent border upon the most perfectly healthy districts.

Kennedy was suffering, and the fever prostrated him.

"This is scarcely the place to be laid up in," said he, as he wrapped himself in his rug and lay down.

"Just a little patience, Dick," replied the doctor, "and you will recover rapidly."

"Recover! By Jove, my dear Samuel, if you have any drug that will set me up, let me have it at once. I will swallow it with my eyes shut."

"I know something better than that, friend Dick. I will give you a dose that will cost nothing."

"How?"

"It is very simple. I am about to mount right over these clouds which are drowning us, and get free from this pestilential atmosphere. I only ask ten minutes to expand the gas."

The ten minutes had scarcely elapsed, when the balloon had passed out of the wet zone.

"Now, wait a little, Dick, and you will soon feel the benefit of the pure air and sunshine."

"There is indeed a remedy," cried Joe. "It is really wonderful!"

"Not at all—only natural."

"Oh! I don't doubt it is perfectly natural!"

"I only send Dick into purer air, as people are sent every day in Europe."

"Ah!" cried Kennedy, who already was beginning to feel better. "This balloon is really 'paradise.'"

"In any case it leads there," said Joe seriously.

The view beneath the balloon at that moment was a curious spectacle; the masses of cloud were piled up in magnificent array, moving one above the other, and tinged with the glorious rays of the sun. The "Victoria" had attained an altitude of 4,000 feet, and the thermometer indicated a fall in the temperature. The earth was invisible. About fifty miles westward, Mount Rubeho raised its sparkling head, which indicated the limit of the country of Ugogo, in 36° 20' longitude. The wind had the force of twenty miles an hour, but the travelers felt nothing of this rapid movement; they experienced no inconvenience whatever, indeed they were scarcely aware of the progress they


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 made. Three hours later, the prediction of Doctor Ferguson was verified. Kennedy's fever had departed, and he breakfasted with a good appetite.

"This is better than sulphate of quinine," said he, with evident satisfaction.

"Decidedly," cried Joe. "I shall come up here when I grow old."

About six o'clock in the morning the atmosphere cleared. They perceived an opening in the clouds; the earth reappeared, and the "Victoria" insensibly approached it. Doctor Ferguson was on the look-out for a current to carry the balloon towards the northeast, and at about 600 feet from the ground he fell in with it. The country became uneven, and even hilly. The district of Zongomero was lost in the east, and with it the last cocoa-nut trees of that latitude.

The mountains soon began to assume a more decided form. Some peaks shot up here and there. It was necessary to keep a watchful eye upon the sharp peaks, which appeared to rise up in an unexpected manner. "We are amongst the breakers," said Kennedy.

"All right, Dick. Don't be uneasy, we shall not touch them," said the doctor.

"This is a first-rate way to travel, all the same," said Joe.

The doctor managed his balloon with a wonderful dexterity, certainly.

"If we had been obliged to go on foot over that marshy ground," said the doctor, "we should have had to crawl slowly along in a regular slimy morass. Since our departure from Zanzibar, in that case, half our beasts of burthen would have been now dead with fatigue. We should have been looking like ghosts, and despair would have been gnawing at our hearts. We should have had incessant disputes with our guides and porters, and exposed to their attacks. During the day we should have suffered from a damp steamy air insupportable, and altogether enervating. At night there is frequently an almost intolerable coldness in the atmosphere, and the bites of a species of fly, which can pierce the stoutest cloth, would drive us mad. All these little enjoyments we should have had, without counting wild beasts and ferocious people."