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12 not limited to employers who, through the sum of all of their employment actions, treat the class of men differently than the class of women. Instead, the law makes each instance of discriminating against an individual employee because of that individual’s sex an independent violation of Title VII. So just as an employer who fires both Hannah and Bob for failing to fulfill traditional sex stereotypes doubles rather than eliminates Title VII liability, an employer who fires both Hannah and Bob for being gay or transgender does the same.

At bottom, these cases involve no more than the straightforward application of legal terms with plain and settled meanings. For an employer to discriminate against employees for being homosexual or transgender, the employer must intentionally discriminate against individual men and women in part because of sex. That has always been prohibited by Title VII’s plain terms—and that “should be the end of the analysis.” 883 F. 3d, at 135 (Cabranes, J., concurring in judgment).

If more support for our conclusion were required, there’s no need to look far. All that the statute’s plain terms suggest, this Court’s cases have already confirmed. Consider three of our leading precedents.

In Phillips v. Martin Marietta Corp., 400 U. S. 542 (1971) (per curiam), a company allegedly refused to hire women with young children, but did hire men with children the same age. Because its discrimination depended not only on the employee’s sex as a female but also on the presence of another criterion—namely, being a parent of young children—the company contended it hadn’t engaged in discrimination “because of” sex. The company maintained, too, that it hadn’t violated the law because, as a whole, it tended to favor hiring women over men. Unsurprisingly by now,


text:
Page:The Last Judgement and Second Coming of the Lord Illustrated.djvu/311

 displayed in worldly magnificence. All such interpretations of the prophecy are utterly unworthy of so profound a subject, and they are rather adapted to terrify the ignorant than to instruct the thoughtful. The very fact that "the sign of the Son of man" is to appear in heaven seems sufficient to show that He never designed that statement to be understood as a declaration that He would personally come again upon earth. The prediction that all the tribes of the earth are to see Him coming in the clouds of heaven cannot mean that all the people of the world are to behold Him descending in the clouds of the air. That would be impossible. The clouds, at their greatest elevation, are not far from the earth. When high and large, they can only be seen at a very inconsiderable distance, and

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
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Rh these submissions did not sway the Court. That an employer discriminates intentionally against an individual only in part because of sex supplies no defense to Title VII. Nor does the fact an employer may happen to favor women as a class.

In Los Angeles Dept. of Water and Power v. Manhart, 435 U. S. 702 (1978), an employer required women to make larger pension fund contributions than men. The employer sought to justify its disparate treatment on the ground that women tend to live longer than men, and thus are likely to receive more from the pension fund over time. By everyone’s admission, the employer was not guilty of animosity against women or a “purely habitual assumptio[n] about a woman’s inability to perform certain kinds of work”; instead, it relied on what appeared to be a statistically accurate statement about life expectancy. Id., at 707–708. Even so, the Court recognized, a rule that appears evenhanded at the group level can prove discriminatory at the level of individuals. True, women as a class may live longer than men as a class. But “[t]he statute’s focus on the individual is unambiguous,” and any individual woman might make the larger pension contributions and still die as early as a man. Id., at 708. Likewise, the Court dismissed as irrelevant the employer’s insistence that its actions were motivated by a wish to achieve classwide equality between the sexes: An employer’s intentional discrimination on the basis of sex is no more permissible when it is prompted by some further intention (or motivation), even one as prosaic as seeking to account for actuarial tables. Ibid. The employer violated Title VII because, when its policy worked exactly as planned, it could not “pass the simple test” asking whether an individual female employee would have been treated the same regardless of her sex. Id., at 711.

In Oncale v. Sundowner Offshore Services, Inc., 523 U. S. 75 (1998), a male plaintiff alleged that he was singled out by his male co-workers for sexual harassment. The Court


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Page:Cicero (Collins 1871).djvu/108

96 on the subject, entitled respectively, 'On Oratory,' 'Brutus,' and 'The Orator,' as well as in some other works of which we have only fragments remaining. With the first of these works, which he inscribed to his brother, he was himself exceedingly well satisfied, and it perhaps remains still the ablest, as it was the first, attempt to reduce eloquence to a science. The second is a critical sketch of the great orators of Rome: and in the third we have Cicero's view of what the perfect orator should be. His ideal is a high one, and a true one; that he should not be the mere rhetorician, any more than the mere technical lawyer or keen partisan, but the man of perfect education and perfect taste, who can speak on all subjects, out of the fulness of his mind, "with variety and copiousness."

Although, as has been already said, he appears to have attached but little value to a knowledge of the technicalities of law, in other respects his preparation for his work was of the most careful kind; if we may assume, as we probably may, that it is his own experience which, in his treatise on Oratory, he puts into the mouth of Marcus Antonius, one of his greatest predecessors at the Roman bar.

"It is my habit to have every client explain to me personally his own case; to allow no one else to be present, that so he may speak more freely. Then I take the opponent's side, while I make him plead his own cause, and bring forward whatever arguments he can think of. Then, when he is gone, I take upon myself, with as much impartiality as I can, three different characters—my own, my opponent's, and that of

title: Page:Cicero (Collins 1871).djvu/108


text:
Page:In ghostly Japan (IA cu31924014202687).pdf/203

 46.—Kokoro no shi to wa naré; kokoro wo shi to sezaré.

Be the teacher of your heart: do not allow your heart to become your teacher.

47.—Kono yo wa kari no yado.

This world is only a resting-place.

48.—Kori wo chiribamé; midzu ni égaku.

To inlay ice; to paint upon water.

49.— The bird that cries korokoro in the mountain rice-field I know to be a hototogisu;—yet it may


text:
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Rh the jury. Whatever point seems likely to help the case rather than injure it, this I decide must be brought forward; when I see that anything is likely to do more harm than good, I reject and throw it aside altogether. So I gain this,—that I think over first what I mean to say, and speak afterwards; while a good many pleaders, relying on their abilities, try to do both at once."

He reads a useful lesson to young and zealous advocates in the same treatise—that sometimes it may be wise not to touch at all in reply upon a point which makes against your client, and to which you have no real answer; and that it is even more important to say nothing which may injure your case, than to omit something which might possibly serve it. A maxim which some modern barristers (and some preachers also) might do well to bear in mind.

Yet he did not scorn to use what may almost be called the tricks of his art, if he thought they would help to secure him a verdict. The outward and visible appeal to the feelings seems to have been as effective in the Roman forum as with a British jury. Cicero would have his client stand by his side dressed in mourning, with hair dishevelled, and in tears, when he meant to make a pathetic appeal to the compassion of the jurors; or a family group would be arranged, as circumstances allowed,—the wife and children, the mother and sisters, or the aged father, if presentable, would be introduced in open court to create a sensation at the right moment. He had tears ap-

title: Page:Cicero (Collins 1871).djvu/109


text:
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14 held it was immaterial that members of the same sex as the victim committed the alleged discrimination. Nor did the Court concern itself with whether men as a group were subject to discrimination or whether something in addition to sex contributed to the discrimination, like the plaintiff’s conduct or personal attributes. “[A]ssuredly,” the case didn’t involve “the principal evil Congress was concerned with when it enacted Title VII.” Id., at 79. But, the Court unanimously explained, it is “the provisions of our laws rather than the principal concerns of our legislators by which we are governed.” Ibid. Because the plaintiff alleged that the harassment would not have taken place but for his sex—that is, the plaintiff would not have suffered similar treatment if he were female—a triable Title VII claim existed.

The lessons these cases hold for ours are by now familiar. First, it’s irrelevant what an employer might call its discriminatory practice, how others might label it, or what else might motivate it. In Manhart, the employer called its rule requiring women to pay more into the pension fund a “life expectancy” adjustment necessary to achieve sex equality. In Phillips, the employer could have accurately spoken of its policy as one based on “motherhood.” In much the same way, today’s employers might describe their actions as motivated by their employees’ homosexuality or transgender status. But just as labels and additional intentions or motivations didn’t make a difference in Manhart or Phillips, they cannot make a difference here. When an employer fires an employee for being homosexual or transgender, it necessarily and intentionally discriminates against that individual in part because of sex. And that is all Title VII has ever demanded to establish liability.

Second, the plaintiff’s sex need not be the sole or primary cause of the employer’s adverse action. In Phillips, Manhart, and Oncale, the defendant easily could have pointed to some other, nonprotected trait and insisted it was the


text: A Chinese Biographical Dictionary/Fêng Fu


text:
Page:Cicero (Collins 1871).djvu/110

98 parently as ready at his command as an eloquent and well-known English Attorney-General. Nay, the tears seem to have been marked down, as it were, upon his brief. "My feelings prevent my saying more," he declares in his defence of Publius Sylla. "I weep while I make the appeal"—"I cannot go on for tears"—he repeats towards the close of that fine oration in behalf of Milo—the speech that never was spoken. Such phrases remind us of the story told of a French preacher, whose manuscripts were found to have marginal stage directions: "Here take out your handkerchief;"—"here cry—if possible." But such were held to be the legitimate adjuncts of Roman oratory, and it is quite possible to conceive that the advocate, like more than one modern tragedian who could be named, entered so thoroughly into the spirit of the part that the tears flowed quite naturally.

A far less legitimate weapon of oratory—offensive and not defensive—was the bitter and coarse personality in which he so frequently indulged. Its use was held perfectly lawful in the Roman forum, whether in political debate or in judicial pleadings, and it was sure to be highly relished by a mixed audience. There is no reason to suppose that Cicero had recourse to it in any unusual degree; but employ it he did, and most unscrupulously. It was not only private character that he attacked, as in the case of Antony and Clodius, but even personal defects or peculiarities were made the subject of bitter ridicule. He did not hesitate to season his harangue by a sarcasm on the cast in the prosecutor's eye, or the wen on the defendant's neck, and to direct the attention of the court to these

title: Page:Cicero (Collins 1871).djvu/110


text: A Chinese Biographical Dictionary/Fêng Hou (風后)


text:
Page:The Last Judgement and Second Coming of the Lord Illustrated.djvu/312

 any object upon them no bigger than a man could not be discerned for half a dozen miles around. How utterly untenable, then, is the idea of such an object being a spectacle for all the inhabitants of the earth. What could the people of America see of any atmospheric occurrence in Europe? At night we cannot see the sun, although he is shining upon the other side of our globe: how, then, could our antipodes see any event which may take place in the clouds with us? However reluctant people may be to give up the common interprctation of the above passage, it is quite clear that it cannot be maintained. The mistake has originated in fastening natural ideas upon figurative terms, and it can be rectified only by a knowledge of that spiritual philosophy which recognises the connection between spiritual and natural things. Of this we shall give an example when we come to show what is the true meaning of the expression, "the clouds of heaven.' There is no more reason for supposing that the Lord will make His appearance in the natural clouds, than there is for believing He will come with natural fire, and be surrounded with a natural tempest, or that He will come to judgment riding upon a natural horse. David said, "Our God shall come: a fire shall devour before Him, and it shall be very tempestuous round about Him. He shall call to the heavens from above, and to the earth, that He may judge His people." And John writes, "I saw heaven opened, and behold a white horse; and He that sat upon him was called Faithful and True, and in righteousness He doth judge." Every one sees that the Lord coming in fire, with tempest, or riding upon a horse, does not mean that He will come according to these descriptions, understood in a natural sense. The fire, the tempest, and the white


text: A Chinese Biographical Dictionary/Fêng Hou (馮后)


text:
Page:Bostock v. Clayton County (2020).pdf/19

Rh more important factor in the adverse employment outcome. So, too, it has no significance here if another factor—such as the sex the plaintiff is attracted to or presents as—might also be at work, or even play a more important role in the employer’s decision.

Finally, an employer cannot escape liability by demonstrating that it treats males and females comparably as groups. As Manhart teaches, an employer is liable for intentionally requiring an individual female employee to pay more into a pension plan than a male counterpart even if the scheme promotes equality at the group level. Likewise, an employer who intentionally fires an individual homosexual or transgender employee in part because of that individual’s sex violates the law even if the employer is willing to subject all male and female homosexual or transgender employees to the same rule.

What do the employers have to say in reply? For present purposes, they do not dispute that they fired the plaintiffs for being homosexual or transgender. Sorting out the true reasons for an adverse employment decision is often a hard business, but none of that is at issue here. Rather, the employers submit that even intentional discrimination against employees based on their homosexuality or transgender status supplies no basis for liability under Title VII.

The employers’ argument proceeds in two stages. Seeking footing in the statutory text, they begin by advancing a number of reasons why discrimination on the basis of homosexuality or transgender status doesn’t involve discrimination because of sex. But each of these arguments turns out only to repackage errors we’ve already seen and this Court’s precedents have already rejected. In the end, the employers are left to retreat beyond the statute’s text, where they fault us for ignoring the legislature’s purposes


text: A Chinese Biographical Dictionary/Fêng I (馮異)


text:
Page:Cicero (Collins 1871).djvu/111

Rh points, as though they were corroborative evidence of a moral deformity. The most conspicuous instance of this practice of his is in the invective which he launched in the Senate against Piso, who had made a speech reflecting upon him. Referring to Cicero's exile, he had made that sore subject doubly sore by declaring that it was not Cicero's unpopularity, so much as his unfortunate propensity to bad verse, which had been the cause of it. A jingling line of his to the effect that

had been thought to be pointed against the recent victories of Pompey, and to have provoked him to use his influence to get rid of the author. But this annotation of Cicero's poetry had not been Piso's only offence. He had been consul at the time of the exile, and had given vent, it may be remembered, to the witticism that the "saviour of Rome" might save the city a second time by his absence. Cicero was not the man to forget it. The beginning of his attack on Piso is lost, but there is quite enough remaining. Piso was of a swarthy complexion, approaching probably to the negro type. "Beast"—is the term by which Cicero addresses him. "Beast! there is no mistaking the evidence of that slave-like hue, those bristly cheeks, those discoloured fangs. Your eyes, your brows, your face, your whole aspect, are the tacit index to your soul."

title: Page:Cicero (Collins 1871).djvu/111


text: A Chinese Biographical Dictionary/Fêng I (馮夷)


text:
User talk:Ong Kai Jin

Welcome
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Hello, Ong Kai Jin, and welcome to Wikisource! Thank you for joining the project. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers:
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Again, welcome! -- Beardo (talk) 05:46, 2 March 2024 (UTC)

World Taekwando Federation & Anor v Tuan Wing Keong & Anor (Pendaftar Cap Dagangan, Malaysia, interested party)
Please note what is the source for this item. Was it originally in English ? -- Beardo (talk) 05:49, 2 March 2024 (UTC)

 * Done. Yes. Ong Kai Jin (talk) 14:09, 2 March 2024 (UTC)
 * Hello. Wikisource accepts only works which are in the public domain. May I ask if there is any reason to believe that the added text is not copyrighted? If there is, we need to add a proper license to the end of the text, see Help:Copyright tags. --Jan Kameníček (talk) 16:02, 3 March 2024 (UTC)

title: User talk:Ong Kai Jin


text: A Chinese Biographical Dictionary/Fêng Kuo-hsiang


text:
Page:Cicero (Collins 1871).djvu/112

100 It is not possible, within the compass of these pages, to give even the briefest account of more than a few of the many causes (they are twenty-four in number) in which the speeches made by Cicero, either for the prosecution or the defence, have been preserved to us. Some of them have more attraction for the English reader than others, either from the facts of the case being more interesting or more easily understood, or from their affording more opportunity for the display of the speaker's powers.

Mr Fox had an intense admiration for the speech in defence of Cælius. The opinion of one who was no mean orator himself, on his great Roman predecessor, may be worth quoting:—

title: Page:Cicero (Collins 1871).djvu/112


text:
Page:Self-help with illustrations of conduct and perseverance (IA selfhelpwithillu00smiliala).pdf/327

 labouring amongst the Bechuanas, he dug canals, built houses, cultivated fields, reared cattle, and taught the natives to work as well as worship. When he first started with a party of them on foot upon a long journey, he overheard their observations upon his appearance and powers—" He is not strong," said they; "he is quite slim, and only appears stout because he puts himself into those bags (trousers): he will soon knock up." This caused the missionary's Highland blood to rise, and made him despise the fatigue of keeping them all at the top of their speed for days together, until he heard them expressing proper opinions of his pedestrian powers. What he did in Africa, and how he worked, may be learnt from his own 'Missionary Travels,' one of the most fascinating books of its kind that has ever been given to the public. One of his last known acts is thoroughly characteristic of the man. The 'Birkenhead' steam launch, which he took out with him to Africa, having proved a failure, he sent home orders for the construction of another vessel at an estimated cost of 2000l. This sum he proposed to defray out of the means which he had set aside for his children arising from the profits of his books of travels. "The children must make it up themselves," was in effect his expression in sending home the order for the appropriation of the money.

The career of John Howard was throughout a striking illustration of the same power of patient purpose. His sublime life proved that even physical weakness could remove the mountains in the pursuit of an end recommended by duty. The idea of ameliorating the condition of prisoners engrossed his whole thoughts and possessed him like a


text: A Chinese Biographical Dictionary/Fêng Min-ch'ang


text:
Page:The Missing Chums.djvu/53

came from Chet Morton or Biff Hooper the following day. Although the parents of the chums tried to allay their fears by assuming that the lads had not stopped off at Hawk Cove after all or had neglected to write, as is the way of boys the world over, when three days passed without further news, the situation became serious.

"They were wrecked in that storm, I know it!" declared Iola Morton, with conviction, when the Hardy boys called at the farmhouse on the third day. "Mother is almost frantic and daddy doesn't know what to do. It isn't like Chet to make us wait this long for some word of where he is, particularly when he knew we'd be anxious."

"The Hoopers are terribly worried about Biff," Joe put in. "We went over there last night to see if they had heard anything. Mr. Hooper had telephoned to nearly all the fish-

title: Page:The Missing Chums.djvu/53


text: A Chinese Biographical Dictionary/Fêng Pao


text:
Page:Journal of the Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society. (IA mobot31753002848262).pdf/54

 "STAR-GAZERS."

(LEPTOSCOPIDAE.)

Information is wanting, but, I think the Pukul gendang (Percis pulchella) is rare and economically unimportant.

SPINY-EELS.

(MASTACEMBELIDAE.)

These are eel-shaped carnivorous fishes, very common throughout Malaya where they are known by the generic term Tilan. The largest species reach a length of three feet and the flesh of all species is of excellent quality. They are found far inland and often at considerable elevations.

Day states, "Excellent as food, although owing to their resemblance to eels (in fact they are eels with spines) or snakes, some people object to them." Buchanan observes, "sought after by the natives, the highest of whom in Bengal make no scruple of eating them; and by Europeans they are esteemed the best of the eel-kind."

FROG-FISHES.

(BATRACHIDAE.)

These carnivorous fishes apparently delight in mud and dirty water; they frequent the shores, ascending tidal rivers and estuaries. At Penang "the natives attribute poisonous qualities to these fishes, and reject them even as manure" (Cantor).

ANGLER-FISHES AND "CROAKERS."

(ANTENNARIIDAE & MALTHIDAE.)

These fishes have no economic value.

LEATHER-JACKETS.

(TRIACANTHIDAE AND BALISTIDAE.)

These two families may be conveniently taken together in this small work as there is a strong affinity between them.

Though containing many species of no economic value one species, the Jěbong (Balistes stellatus), is preferred to all other fish by many Malays, including fishermen, whom I have questioned. I think that the main reason for this preference is that the flesh of this fish more nearly resembles that of a chicken than any other fish, and consequently the change to what approximates to a meat diet is welcomed.

The Jĕbong has a tough leathery skin which has to be removed before it is cooked. The cook should not be allowed to remove the head which is the best part of this fish, and of many others, especially perhaps the Tenggiri.

Leather-jackets are held in considerable esteem in Australia as food fish and are commonly served in hotels and restaurants.


text:
Page:The Missing Chums.djvu/54

48 ing villages up the coast, but none of them had seen anything of the boat."

Iola turned pale.

"They hadn't seen the boat at all?"

Frank shook his head.

"Either the boys were wrecked or they were swept out to sea," said the girl. She turned away and dabbled at her eyes with a handkerchief. She was on the verge of breaking down. "Oh, can't something be done to find trace of them?"

"It's time we were getting busy," Frank agreed. "I think we'd better organize a searching party."

"With the motorboats?" asked Joe.

"Yes. We can take our boat. Perhaps Tony Prito will be able to come along with the Napoli and we'll get the rest of the fellows. We can cruise along the bay and up the coast and perhaps we'll find some trace."

"Will you do that?" asked Iola, brightening up. "Oh, if you only will! At least we'll know that some one is searching for them."

"I've been thinking that possibly their boat got wrecked and they were washed up on an island or on some part of the coast a long way from any village," Frank observed. "I don't think they've been drowned. They are both good swimmers and it would take a lot to kill either of them."

title: Page:The Missing Chums.djvu/54


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Page:The Missing Chums.djvu/55

Rh "Well, if we're going to go we may as well get started."

"All right, Joe. We'll take some grub with us and count on staying until we find some trace of them. Perhaps two or three days."

A sudden thought struck Joe.

"How about mother?"

Frank whistled.

"Gosh—I'd forgotten! But perhaps she can get some one to stay with her. Seeing it isn't a pleasure trip we're going on, she might let us go."

"Oh, I hope she does!" exclaimed Iola. "As long as we know you boys are out searching for Chet and Biff we'll be a lot easier in our minds."

"Well, let's go back home and see what arrangements we can make," Frank said briskly. "The sooner we get away, the better."

The lads mounted their motorcycles and turned toward the city. The idea of organizing a searching party for the missing chums had occurred to Frank previously, but he had been waiting, hoping against hope that some word might be received regarding the two boys. The fact that Mrs. Hardy would be left alone at home had been the one circumstance that had prevented him from starting out in search of the chums before this, but now the situation seemed to warrant action at all costs.

title: Page:The Missing Chums.djvu/55


text:
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50 "If mother is afraid to stay at home alone, I guess the trip is off," he said to Joe. "But when she knows how serious it is, I don't think she'll mind."

"I don't like to leave her alone, myself," replied Joe. "But some one has to organize a searching party. I've been more worried about Chet and Biff than I'd like to admit."

"Me too."

When the lads returned to the house they found Mrs. Hardy opening the morning mail. She had a letter in her hand as they entered the living room and she glanced up with a smile of pleasure.

"We're going to have a visitor."

"Who?"

"Your Aunt Gertrude!"

Frank glanced at his brother.

Well did they know their Aunt Gertrude. She was a maiden lady of middle-age who spent the greater part of her life in a sort of grand circuit series of visits to all her relatives, far and near. Aunt Gertrude had no fixed place of abode. Accompanied by numerous trunks, satchels and a lazy yellow cat by the name of Lavinia, she was apt to drop in at any time in the course of a year, brusquely announcing her intention of remaining for an indefinite stay. Then she would install herself in the guest room and proceed to manage the

title: Page:The Missing Chums.djvu/56


text:
Page:Journal of the Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society. (IA mobot31753002848262).pdf/21

 Its cultivation is a considerable industry in the Philippines, the Sandwich Islands and Java, and Day records that, in South Canara, Hyder Ali introduced it from the sea into tanks of fresh and brackish water where it still thrives.

Seale gives a most interesting and valuable account of the cultivation of this fish, which is known by the Filipinos as the Bangos; I quote the following extracts:

"The Milk-fish is one of the most important commercial fishes in the Islands. It is raised chiefly in the fish ponds at Malabon and at other places near Manila and therefore can be secured at any time regardless of the weather.

"This fish is particularly adapted to pond culture being a vegetable feeder of rapid growth.

"The eggs are deposited in the sea. The young appear during the months of April, May, June and July. They are to be found in great numbers along the beaches and are captured by the natives and placed in large earthen jars full of water called palyok. They are then conveyed to the fish ponds, frequently a hundred miles distant.

"One of the jars contains about 2,500 young Bangos. About 60,000 are used to stock one pond of 1 hektare. As the fish grow they are thinned out by transfer to other ponds. Thirty-three per cent should reach marketable size and a yearling should measure half a metre."

"If it is desired to cultivate the food alga, the water of the pond is allowed to drain off and the clay is exposed to the full power of the sun. The alga rapidly makes its appearance and a little water is then permitted to cover the bottom. This is gradually increased as the Oedogonium develops.

"The average value of the ponds about Manila Bay is probably 40 centavos per square metre, giving a total of more than 6,000,000 pesos for the pond value alone, which I am convinced is a conservative estimate."

There should be no great difficulty in establishing a similar industry in Malaya and there are many mangrove areas on the West Coast of the Peninsula where series of ponds could be constructed.

There are many places where these fish are feeding on beds of sea moss and I saw millions of fry not far from Butterworth recently (March 21st) which a Javanese told me were Anak jangas. The Milk Fish attains a length of 5 feet. It is not often captured as it will not take a bait and will jump over a seine or drift net.


text:
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Rh household until the hour of her departure.

Aunt Gertrude was formidable. Her word was law. And, because she was possessed of a small fortune and a sharp tongue, none dared offend her. Relatives had discovered that the best plan was to suffer her visits in silence and pray for her speedy departure.

Now she was coming to visit the Hardys.

"Aunt Gertrude is coming? Isn't that great?" exclaimed Joe.

Mrs. Hardy looked at her son suspiciously. The Hardy boys had never been known to evince much enthusiasm over Aunt Gertrude's visits before. The worthy lady had a habit of regarding them as though they were still in swaddling clothes and she invariably showed a tendency to dictate as to their food, their hours of rising and going to bed, their companions, and their choice of literature. Many a Sunday afternoon she had thrust on them a weighty volume of Pilgrim's Progress and sat guard over them as they miserably strove to pretend an interest in the allegorical adventures of Bunyan's hero.

"I didn't think you cared for Aunt Gertrude," ventured Mrs. Hardy when she saw that both Frank and Joe were beaming with satisfaction.

"When will she be here?"

"This afternoon, according to her letter.

title: Page:The Missing Chums.djvu/57


text:
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52 She never gives one a great deal of notice."

"She couldn't have come at a better time. For once in her life, Aunt Gertrude will be useful," Frank declared, and with that, he told his mother of their desire to organize a searching party for the missing chums.

Mrs. Hardy had been deeply concerned over Chet and Biff since their departure from Bayport and now she agreed that a search should indeed be conducted.

"And now that Aunt Gertrude is coming, you won't be afraid to stay here alone," Joe pointed out.

Mrs. Hardy smiled. "And you'll leave me here all alone to the mercies of that managing woman?"

"There's not much use having us all here. Aunt Gertrude will run things anyway, whether there's three of us or a hundred."

"Yes, I suppose so. Well, I shan't be afraid to stay here as long as Aunt Gertrude is in the house. I imagine any burglar would rather deal with a vicious bulldog. Go ahead on your trip. When do you intend to start?"

"As soon as we can see Tony Prito and the rest of the boys. We want to make a real searching party of it. By the way, when will Aunt Gertrude arrive?"

"On the four o'clock train, I expect."

"Then we'll leave at about three o'clock,"

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 HERRINGS.

(CLUPEIDAE.)

This is a very large and important family. The members range in size from the Parang-parang (Chirocentrus dorab) which is said to exceed a length of 12 feet to the Bilis (Stolephorus tri) which measures not more than 3 or 4 inches.

Although this family is of great commercial importance in Malaya, and the Herrings, Shad, Sprat, Sardines, White-bait and Anchovies belonging to it are highly esteemed for their flavour and food value by the Malays and all Eastern races, they are unknown to the great majority of European residents in this part of the world, with the exception of the Bilis, which is occasionally seen served as "White bait" or as a sambal with curries or in bottled form as Macassar Red fish.

From an economic point of view this family is second to none in importance and the fact that some of the most valuable kinds associate at certain periods in immense shoals accounts for the usefulness of the family as a food supply.

The following are the most important members of the herring family in our waters:

The Parang-parang (Chirocentrus dorab), the Tĕrubok (Clupea (Alosa) macrura), the Sělangat (Dorosoma spp.), the Tamban (Clupea (Harengula) spp.), (Dussumieria spp.) and (Spratelloides spp.), the Bilis (Stolephorus spp.) and the Bulu ayam (Engraulis spp.).

The Parang-parang is a very bony fish of excellent flavour and its capture by hand line provides a livelihood for several hundred Malays in Singapore alone.

Passengers by steamers proceeding through the Eastern entrance to Singapore roads will see a large number of small canoes in the deep water channel and will hear the noise of the rattles, which each Malay fisherman wields unceasingly. These rattles do not attract the fish, but keep the hand occupied and the fisherman on the "qui vive." The Parang-parang is not a greedy biter and does not stay in one place. He is a rapid swimming predacious fish who has no time for more than a snap as he darts through the water. Bites are usually few and far between and an inexpert or somnolent fisherman would catch nothing. With an ever moving hand engaged with a rattle the fish is struck and hooked almost at the instant he bites.

The Tĕrubok is a Shad and is considerably larger than the ordinary herring. It is known to Europeans in India as the "Hilsa" or "Sable fish." Day says:

"They are excellent as food until they have deposited their ova, when they become thin and positively unwholesome. Their flavour has been compared to a combination of that of the salmon and herring: they are rather heavy of digestion."


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 passion; and no toil, nor danger, nor bodily suffering could turn him from that great object of his life. Though a man of no genius and but moderate talent, his heart was pure and his will was strong. Even in his own time he achieved a remarkable degree of success; and his influence did not die with him, for it has continued powerfully to affect not only the legislation of England, but of all civilized nations, down to the present hour.

Jonas Hanway was another of the many patient and persevering men who have made England what it is—content simply to do with energy the work they have been appointed to do, and go to their rest thankfully when it is done—

He was born in 1712, at Portsmouth, where his father, a storekeeper in the dockyard, being killed by an accident, he was left an orphan at an early age. His mother removed with her children to London, where she had them put to school, and struggled hard to bring them up respectably. At seventeen Jonas was sent to Lisbon to be apprenticed to a merchant, where his close attention to business, his punctuality, and his strict honour and integrity gained for him the respect and esteem of all who knew him. Returning to London in 1743, he accepted the offer of a partnership in an English mercantile house at St. Petersburg engaged in the Caspian trade, then in its infancy. Hanway went to Russia for the purpose of extending the business; and shortly after his arrival at the capital he set out for Persia, with a caravan of English bales of cloth making twenty carriage loads. At


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Rh declared Frank, with a grin, for the boys' dislike of their tyrannical aunt was no secret in the Hardy household.

Mrs. Hardy smiled reprovingly, and the lads hustled away in search of Tony and the other boys.

Tony Prito was afire with enthusiasm when they broached the subject to him. A few words with Mr. Prito, and he obtained permission to have the use of the Napoli for as long as would be necessary.

"We'll start out as soon as we can get ready," Frank told him. "See if you can get Jerry and Phil to go with you, and we'll go and look up Perry Robinson. Perhaps he'll come along with us. We don't want to lose any time."

Perry Robinson, more familiarly known as "Slim," readily agreed to accompany the boys on the search.

"You bet I'll go," he declared. "When do we start?"

"Three o'clock, if we can be ready by then. Meet us at the boathouse and bring along some grub."

"I'll be there," promised Slim.

The Hardy boys carried blankets and a small tent down to the boat and stowed them away. Then came cooking utensils and a supply of food sufficient to last them for several days.

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54 They would, of course, be able to get supplies at the fishing villages along the coast, but as they had no idea where their search would lead them they were determined to take no chances.

"Thank goodness we'll be away from here before Aunt Gertrude arrives," chuckled Frank, as the boys were putting on their outing clothes at two o'clock that afternoon.

"She'll be madder than a wet hen when she finds we've escaped her. If there's anything she likes better than bossing us around and showing us our faults, I don't know what it is."

Alas for the best laid plans! Aunt Gertrude must have had some premonition of the truth. She advanced the time of her arrival by a good two hours. The two o'clock train brought her to Bayport, bags, baggage, and Lavinia, the cat. The boys were first apprised of her advent when they heard a taxicab pull up in front of the house. Joe peeped out the window of their room.

"Sweet spirits of nitre! Aunt Gertrude herself!"

"No!"

"Yes!"

"Let me see!"

Frank rushed to the window in time to see Aunt Gertrude, attired in voluminous garments of a fashion dating back at least a

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 The roe of the Těrubok (Tělor těrubok) is a highly valued delicacy and the fish are still caught in large quantities near Bĕngkalis (Siak) and the roes dried and salted for export. Cantor writing in 1850, states that 40 years ago the Raja of Siak is said to have obtained an annual revenue of 72,000 guilders from the Těrubok roe industry alone.

The Sělangat of the southern part of the Peninsula is known as Nandong in Penang and Kedah, and as Kěbasi on the East coast. It is also known to the Filipinos as Kabasi. The English or American name for it is the Basling Shad and in Australia a member of the same sub-family is known as the Bony Bream or "Hair-back."

It is a bony little fish but very plentiful and cheap; it is dried and salted in enormous quantities both for local consumption and export.

The Tamban is one of our commonest fish and will eventually be one of our most important and valuable food fishes.

Dr. Cantor who wrote a catalogue of Malayan Fishes in 1850, says of the Tamban bulat: "It is highly valued for its delicate flavour and passes commonly as a sardine": and of the Tamban nipis he writes, "They pass in the Settlements of the Straits under the denomination of Sardines' in imitation of which they are sometimes preserved in oil."

The Moros in the Philippines have the same name Tamban for this fish and Seale writes "Any of these sardines would compare favourably with the species put up in oil on the Pacific Coast."

We continue to import thousands of cases of sardines annually into the Straits and F. M. S., while our seas swarm with sardines.

It is popularly supposed that sardines are preserved in olive oil but I have more than a suspicion that refined coconut oil, sesame or gingelly oil, and other vegetable oils, which are largely exported from the East, return to us with the imported tinned herrings and sardines.

The Bulu ayam and Bilis (Moro: Dilis) are anchovies and sprats.

Stead writing of the Engraulis antipodum of Australia, says, "For all practical and economic purposes there is no difference between our Anchovies and the famous fishes of that name in the Mediterranean Sea."

A glance at the systematic list of members of the herring family will show that we have at least 8 species of Engraulis and 3 species of Stolephorus.


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Rh decade, laboriously emerging from the taxicab. She was a large woman with a strident voice, and the Hardy boys could hear her vigorously disputing the amount of the fare. This was a matter of principle with Aunt Gertrude, who always argued with taxi drivers as a matter of course, it being her firm conviction that they were unanimously in a conspiracy to overcharge her and defraud her at all times.

With Lavinia under one arm and a huge umbrella under the other, Aunt Gertrude withered the taxicab driver with a fiery denunciation and, when he helplessly pointed to the meter and declared that figures did not lie, she dropped both cat and umbrella, rummaged about in the manifold recesses of her clothing for a very small purse, produced the exact amount of the fare in silver, counted it out and handed it to the man with the air of one giving alms.

"And, just for your impudence, you shan't have a tip!" she announced. "Carry my bags up to the house."

The driver gazed sadly at the silver in his hand, pocketed it and clambered back into the car.

"Carry 'em up yourself!" he advised, slamming the door. The taxi roared away down the street.

Frank chuckled.

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56 "That's one on Aunt Gertrude!"

But Aunt Gertrude had no intention of carrying the bags up to the house. Suddenly she glared up at the window from which the two boys had been watching the scene.

"You two boys up there!" she shouted. "I see you. Don't think I can't see you! Come down here and carry up my bags. Hustle now!"

They hustled.

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 QUEENSLAND-SMELT, ETC.

(SCOPELIDAE.)

One of the best known members of this family is the Lumi or Luli (Harpodon nehereus) which, when newly taken, is brilliantly phosphorescent all over the body: in a salted and dry condition it is the "Bombay-duck" so highly esteemed by Anglo-Indians.

It is quite common in our waters. I have seen many immature specimens in purse-nets, but full grown specimens are often taken in sunken basket-traps off Singapore in the neighbourhood of the Karimon Islands.

Day says "this fish is highly esteemed as food whether fresh or salted." It is curious that this fish which is a delicacy in India should be disregarded in Malaya. Malays do not care much for it, as the flesh is soft and flabby and they prefer firm and flaky meat.

The Bělungkor (Saurida tumbil) is known to Australians as the Queensland Smelt and is a fair edible fish, though somewhat dry.

The Mudin (Saurus myops) is a useful food fish.

"MILLIONS."

(CYPRINODONTIDAE.)

I have called these fishes "Millions" in the absence of any English name, because they belong to the same family as the fish known as "Millions" in Barbados. To this latter fish, which eats mosquito larvae, as our fish does, the immunity from fever, which the inhabitants of Barbados enjoy, is attributed. It is a tiny fish, very common in swamps and drains in Singapore and elsewhere.

CAT FISHES.

(SILURIDAE.)

This family which contains one fourth of the known fresh water fishes of the world is not represented in the British Isles, but in this region they are to be found wherever there is water and a muddy bottom, whether it be fresh, brackish or salt water.

Members of the family may be found in swamps, pools and roadside drains and many of the fresh water varieties will make considerable journeys overland to find new pools or streams. They are found in all our rivers and some species may be caught miles out in the sea. Some of the largest exceed 6 feet in length.

With the exception of the Lele and Lembat ( spp.) which have no spines, all the members of this family are armed with spines.


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 The Tapah has a pair of pectoral spines only, but the Sembilang, Patin, Lawang, Pědukang and Baung have both pectoral spines and a dorsal spine.

A wound from these spines is extremely painful and the angler who captures one of these fish for the first time is advised to take a lesson from a Malay in the proper method of grasping them, which is very simple but worth knowing.

They are valuable food fishes and are in great demand among all Malays, Chinese and natives of India. Some species are considered to possess exceptionally nourishing qualities and are prescribed for patients recovering from illness.

They will live for hours out of water and can be transported for long distances.

The popularity of the Krian district of Perak among natives of India is due primarily to the rice fields and secondly to the fact that cat-fishes, as well as other fish, swarm in the rice fields and irrigation ditches.

A volume might be written on the Cat-fishes alone. One interesting characteristic is the great care they take of their eggs and young. The Pědukang, for instance, lays very few but very large eggs which look like gelatine capsules and these they carry about in their mouths. As the Pědukang are among the commonest estuarine fishes, any observer can obtain them during the breeding season and see for himself the egg in every stage of development, and in the final stage, immediately before hatching, the tiny fish is distinctly visible through the translucent envelope of the egg.

LOACHES AND CARP.

(COBITIDAE & CYPRINIDAE.)

Only two Loaches, the Ikan pasir and the Lali, are mentioned in this work, but judging from records of species in Java, Sumatra and Borneo, there should be at least 20 species.

The Ikan pasir (Acanthopsis choirorhynchus) is quite common in the Pahang river and is good eating.

The Carp family of fresh water fishes to which our Roach, Tench and Gudgeon belong is represented in our Malayan rivers by certainly not less than 100 species.

The very incomplete list in this book gives some 28 Malay synonyms only. There is an interesting hobby and good sport with a fly and spinner awaiting any planter or prospector who lives near the upper reaches of any of the rivers in the Peninsula. An oil drum can easily be converted into a specimen tank in which rare fish may be preserved in spirit. The Directors of the F. M. S. and S. S. Museums would be only too glad, I feel sure, to mount and display specimens, and as the field is practically untouched the collector has more than a sporting chance of discovering and perhaps giving his name to a new species.


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 During the breeding season, the males of many species assume a more brilliant livery, or develop excrescences and tubercles on various parts of the head, especially on the snout, or also on the body and fins.

The common Carp of Europe is said to have been introduced from China early in the seventeenth century. The Chinese continue to import Carp into Malaya and to grow them in stock-ponds. The imported Carp are the Tiam (Chinese) (Labeo molitorella), the Ling (Chinese) (Cyprinus carpio), and the Hwan (Chinese) (Ctenopharyngodon idellus).

The ova are shipped from China in large jars full of fresh water and the contents of the jars are regularly and vigorously stirred with a stick or paddle during the voyage, to oxygenize the eggs, and by the time the jars arrive in this country they contain thousands of fry.

These fish are very popular among the Chinese and fetch high prices in the markets. They attain a length of three feet or more and a weight of perhaps 20 to 25 pounds. The utilitarian owners feed them on food of such a disgusting nature, principally excreta, that I can say nothing as to their edible qualities, as I have never felt any wish to taste them.

I imported some many years ago and intended to stock a pond in Kuala Pilah but unfortunately the ship was placed in quarantine and as their period of confinement in jars is limited, all the fry perished. These imported Carp have not, so far as I know, been bred in this country and it is more than likely that they require fresh running streams for the natural development of their ova.

The question of stocking some of our streams may be worth consideration, but I doubt it, as we have so many indigenous Carp. In this connection it is well to remember that these Carp which have been artificially bred for centuries, have yielded numerous examples of hybridism. I have read in an American magazine of a sportsman who for lack of other bait used aquarium gold fish (Carp) very successfully as live bait. He kept a stock of them in a fountain where they interbred with small species of American Carp with the most extraordinary results.

Professors Max Weber and de Beaufort write of the Cyprinus, "Distribution: Fresh water of temperate parts of Asia and Europe, from where introduced in many parts of the world and changed into many varieties."

We have many species of Barbus including the famous sporting fish the Mahseer of India, our Těmoleh (Barbus mosal). The Kěrai (Barbus neilli) is said by Day to attain a weight of 50 or 60 pounds.


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 The Catla (Catla buchanani) of India, Burma and Siam has not yet been identified in our rivers and as it attains a length of at least 6 feet and a corresponding weight, I suggest the quest of the Catla, as a sound sporting proposition, to the anglers of Kuala Lipis, and other up country stations, with a good chance of success.

EELS.

ANGUILLIDAE, MURAENIDAE, CONGRIDAE, ETC.

The Eels are placed on the Order which has several families and not less than 30 species, represented in Malayan waters. Eels are more popular perhaps with the Chinese than with any other race in Malaya. The Congers (Malong) are quite common and find a ready sale in the markets.

One eel (Thyrsoidea macrura) known as the Pampan or Pompa by the Javanese is probably the largest eel in the world and exceeds 10 feet in length. It has been found in the shallow seas and estuaries, and even rivers, of Sumatra, New Guinea, Natal, India, Ceylon and Queensland, but has not yet been recorded by local scientists.

SWAMP-EELS.

SYMBRANCHIDAE.

The Bělut (Monopterus albus) is confined to the fresh or brackish waters of Burma, the Malay Archipelago and China.

"This eel is numerous at Chusan, in streamlets, canals, and estuaries. As it is a favourite article of food it is kept by the inhabitants of Chusan in large jars, with fresh water. But it is capable of living a considerable time out of water. It is of voracious habits, feeding on smaller fishes, and it takes hooks baited with earthworms." (Cantor).

SEA-HORSES AND SKELETON-FISHES.

(SYNGNATHIDAE & AMPHISILIDAE.)

The little Sea-Horse, Kuda-kuda laut (Hippocampus spp.), which is so like the conventional knight of the chess-board, is a familiar object in most Museums. It has, of course, no economic value.

A peculiarity of this curious family is that "the males are provided with a pouch (in some species there is only a broad groove) in which the eggs are hatched after being deposited by the female.

"The males take full charge of them, and the young remain in the pouch usually for a short time, after being hatched." (Stead).

The Skeleton-Fish, as I have called it, Amphisile scutata, is known to Malays as Ikan kĕring. It is only a few inches long and, as it has practically no flesh on its bony carcase, it has no edible value.


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 GAR-FISH, GAR-PIKE AND FLYING-FISH.

(SCOMBRESOCIDAE.)

Most of the members of this family, of which about 200 species are known, are marine: some are carnivorous, and others mainly herbivorous, feeding on green algae. Nearly all are in the habit of making great leaps out of the water, this tendency culminating in the Flying-fish (Exocoetus), and there is every passage between the small pectoral fin of a Gar-fish and the swallow-like "wings" oi the most developed Flying-fish.

They are excellent edible fish and the Todak (Belone spp.) which have green bones are nevertheless very palatable and useful food fish. There is a more or less prevalent idea that fishes with green bones are poisonous; this is one of the popular fallacies which no facts or arguments will ever overcome.

The Puput or Jĕnjulong (Hemirhamphus spp.) or Half-beak can be easily identified by the fact that the lower jaw only is prolonged. Both jaws of the Todak are prolonged into a long slender beak.

The Todak though common is a very shy and wily fish. It gives a boat a wide berth and though a rapid swimming and predacious fish it disdains ordinary lures and baits. The Malay fishermen, however, circumvent them by fishing with a kite from which dangles a length of fine line terminating in a noose. The bait is attached to the noose. Given a breeze sufficient to keep the kite flying, quite good sport is obtained, perhaps a dozen fish or more in an hour. The Todak makes a fierce dash at the bait, the noose tightens round the upper jaw, and the recurved teeth prevent the noose from slipping.

The Puput is also a shy biter when it sees its would-be captor at the other end of a rod or line, and the Malays consequently use short baited lines attached to floats (Pĕlontang puput) which they send adrift and pick up when the movements of the float shew that a fish is firmly hooked.

Flying-fishes are very good eating but not often obtained. I have picked them up on the deck after a squally night at sea.

SAND-SMELTS.

(ATHERINIDAE.)

These pretty little fishes, called Rennyau or Paku in Malay, are common all along our coasts and also frequent estuaries and tidal river. Seale writes:

"It is almost impossible to land at any wharf or to go ashore on any beach without seeing these little fish in countless numbers. They usually grow to a length of from 10 to 12 centimeters. They have a greenish tint on the back and a bright silvery band on the sides.


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 regularly bear excellent nuts, probably up to the physical limit of the tree to hold them up.

If we could just get a new idea into the minds of the American farmers and of the creative leaders of American agriculture! That new idea is this: The chestnut offers an opportunity for an American forage crop, especially pig feed, productively covering hundreds of thousands of acres in addition to the few tens of thousands of acres needed to supply the human food market. I can see no reason why the best Chinese varieties we now have should not replace corn on many an Appalachian hillside, and perhaps on level land.

There is no reason to think them inferior to the European in productiveness. Here is a record made with care on U. S. Department of Agriculture grounds:

The seed of the parent tree of Nanking variety was planted in 1936.

In 1943 it bore 2.3 pounds.

In 1944 it bore 34.4 pounds.

In 1945 it bore 37.8 pounds.

In 1946 it bore 1.0 pound (due to big freeze).

In 1947 it bore 87.7 pounds.

In these 5 years it bore 163.2 pounds.

If that tree is given room, air and food, and no freezes, it will probably bear somewhere between 500 and 750 pounds in the next 5 years. A row of such trees would almost support a family at the present price of 30¢ to 50¢ a pound.

For the forage crop, we probably need new varieties of chestnuts, and the attempt to get them may easily give us good new varieties for the table. Breeding possibilities appear to be very great. The Chinese chestnut, the Japanese chestnut, and the chinkapin all interbreed with ease, and they offer rich possibilities to the plant breeder.

Within these three species there is a great variety of quality.

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 "There are five or six different species.

"The most common species is possibly Atherina temmincki (Bleeker).

"They are known as ' pescados del rey ' or fishes of the king, among the Spaniards.

"They are greatly valued as food. The young are termed white bait. The method of catching is usually by seine or corral. A profitable industry could be built up by preparing these fish in a good sauce, by pickling them with spices, or by drying. They abound at all seasons."

GREY MULLETS.

(MUGILIDAE.)

The Grey Mullet are a widely distributed and very important family. They inhabit shallow water in the seas, estuaries and rivers and none are known to occur in very deep water. Their habit of keeping to the shallows, in large shoals, renders their capture, in enclosures, which dry out at low tide, and in mullet nets, an easy matter. As there are no restrictions as to size and no close season, mullet are getting scarcer every year in Malayan waters. Grey Mullet feed, more or less, on the organic matter found in mud and they are peculiar among fish in that they have a true gizzard, lined with a thick horny epithelium. Mullet are very common and highly appreciated in Australia. Stead writes:

"During a recent year in New South Wales alone 45,000 baskets of Mullet—principally Sea Mullet—were received for disposal at the various fish markets. The average basket of Mullet contains about 75 pounds weight; and, if we calculate the fish at an average of one pound weight each, we find that we have the imposing total of 3,375,000 individuals."

In New South Wales Mullet may only be netted at certain times and at certain places, and there is a legal limit as to size as with all valuable edible fish in that Colony.

The breeding season with most of our Mullet appears to be between November and February during the N. E. monsoon.

At this time I have seen the Anding in myriads in the surf, near the mouth of the Trengganu river and other rivers on the East coast. A quantity of yellowish foam and scum is brought down by the rivers which are usually in full spate in November and December, and this foam either contains food or provides a suitable shade and shelter for the ova of the Mullet which are, I believe, pelagic or floating eggs. A day of steady incessant tropical rain during the N. E. monsoon is the day above all others to which all


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 Trengganu Malays, male and female, look forward. When the rivers are in full flood, the sun obscured, the N. E. monsoon blowing half a gale, the surf thundering on the beach and full of yellow yeasty foam, then you will see all the Malay ladies trooping out in their best silk coats and sarongs, and all the old blades and young bloods are in attendance.

They are all out for the day to enjoy themselves and to catch mullet and the more it rains and blows the better they like it, the ladies, perhaps, because their vivid silken raiment looks best when it is wet, or may be it fits their figures better so, and the men, perhaps, because they will catch more mullet!

These ladies have designed and made their own costumes. Raw Chinese silk has been teased, wound and spun; fast dies of vivid colours, orange, pink, vermilion, green; every colour and every shade have been prepared from roots, bark and leaves, and the garments have been woven in intricate designs, tartans, checks, watered silks and shot silks; a creative art which has been lost on the West, and will soon be lost on the East Coast, in these days of cheap imitation silks and aniline dyes. But let us get back to the mullet and the rain.

And the more it rains the fresher keep the flowers in the ladies' hair. These ladies wear no hats and there are no collars, draggled skirts or squelchy boots in this picnic party.

Let us again to the mullet. Now this catching of mullet is an affair of casting-nets and he who catches the most mullet is some ace. It is not a simple poaching trick of slinging a net over a sleepy fish in a pool, but quite a different business, I assure you.

The nets are made of the finest and strongest cotton, water-proofed in white of egg which renders them to the touch, for a season, as though they were made of the finest gut or sinews. The small net or jala anding when thrown covers perhaps 100 square feet of surface and it is weighted with little chains of pure tin. The light cord attached to the thrower's wrist is usually 30 feet long and the net is often thrown so as to drop fully expanded at the full extent of the cord, and that throw is in the teeth of a North-east gale.

Each fisherman has perhaps two or three such nets and, in reserve, a much larger and stronger casting net for the Pělong which is the giant of all our mullet.

Keeping far back on the sandy beach, the men follow the shore line until mullet (Anding) are seen, and, to the novice, it is a difficult matter to see them. But there they are, and when you know what to look for, in the smother and foam, you will notice little black heads, in hundreds, between the breakers. Now these Anding are the shyest fish that swim. A wave of the hand and they have disappeared to pop up again at a distance further seaward, where no man can hope to reach them.


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 The Japanese chestnut is a weaker tree than the Chinese and somewhat more susceptible to blight, but there are many trees now living in the United States after forty years of exposure to the blight. This species has an enormous productivity, great precocity, and an astounding variation in the flavor and size of the nuts, which range from the size of your little finger up to nuts that rival eggs in size.

A Japanese chestnut called the Japan Mammoth, grown years ago by one Julius Schnadelbach of Grand Bay, Alabama, was photographed life size, and the photograph showed a profile 2.5 inches by 1.9 inches. A large egg measures 2.16 by 1.72 inches. Multiply the length by the breadth, and the Schnadelbach chestnut gives 4.75 square inches, the egg 3.715 square inches. Harvesting chestnuts like the Schnadelbach would therefore be like gathering eggs or potatoes, and could perhaps be done by hand for forage, perhaps even in high-wage America, because almost the only labor cost about it would be for picking them up. But pigs will pick them up without charge!

The flavor of the Japanese chestnut is not high, but the nut is regarded as a good food in Japan, when cooked. Certainly it is good enough in its natural condition for the pigs and other farm animals.

The American chinkapin is relatively blight resistant, tremendously productive, and very precocious, producing its burrs in strings. The very small, shiny nuts are easily the king of all chestnuts for sweetness. Turkeys might pick them up and fatten themselves on them and get a rare flavor in so doing.

The theory of plant breeding depends upon (1) the fact of variations of individuals within the species or within the crossing range, and (2) crossing to get new combinations of qualities, and what is even more significant, getting qualities not in either parent.

The amount of variation among trees of the same species is a

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 This, then, is the manner of their capture. There will come a moment when a great wave, like a wall, hurls itself on the beach. In fact these waves do it all the time! However, there is measure of two or three moments and no more when that wave stands like a wall between you and the fish, and the fish forget your existence. In that brief time your caster of the mullet net sprints down to the very verge of the breaking wave and up to or over his knees in the water; the net truly held and truly swung, with a long pendulum swing, clears the crest of the approaching wave and falls fairly on the group of mullet concealed in the hollow beyond, and in this way perhaps he may be fortunate enough to take one or two hundred fish in one cast. But you will serve a long apprenticeship, and will, when learning, throw half a hundred times and have no mullet.

When the sport is in full swing perhaps 10 or 20 men dart simultaneously down the beach and as many nets shoot out and over the waves. Suddenly there comes a wild yell of excitement. Pělong which have been disturbed or enclosed in the Anding nets leap several feet in the air and break their way through the nets. Silvery six-pounders and even larger fish instinctively jump when their brothers jump. There is a rush up the beach and a race back to the breakers with the Pělong nets. The nets are thrown at random (tebar rambang) in every direction. There may be a shoal of Pělong and, if so, some excitement I promise you.

Once a Pĕlong sees the net over him, he makes one upward dash to the apex of the net. The fisherman hurls himself at the fish and must grasp him then or not at all, for the next powerful dash for liberty takes the fish down to the bottom and he is under the chains and out of the net before you can wink. Out of your depth in a strong surf with a couple of lusty Pělong in your arms and a smother of net, chain and cord about you, you come to the conclusion that life was never more worth living and that if you are off to kingdom come you will take the Pělong with you.

As I write, at Tanjong Katong, Singapore, I can see some Boyanese, syces probably, with baby casting nets catching shrimps, sprats and baby fish in a sea like glass; a miserable messy business. The real gladiators of the casting net are to be found only on the East coast.

Our Mullet (Bělanak) include the Jĕmpul (Mugil planiceps) which attains at least a foot and a half in length.

The Tamok (M. waigiensis), according to Day, attains at least 3 feet in length. The Anding and Kěděra, which grow to about a foot and a half, are excellent eating.

The Bělanak tamok (M. waigiensis) is known in Australia as the Diamond Scaled Mullet. It attains a weight of several pounds and is of a pretty silvery colour, each scale being prettily margined with black.


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 THREAD FINS.

(POLYNEMIDAE.)

These fish are all excellent as food and from some rough isinglass or fish sounds are obtained.

One of our Kurau (Polynemus paradiseus) is the Tupsi fish of India and the Mango fish of Burma. This small fish which attains a length of about 9 inches only, is considered a great luxury both in India and Burma. It has very long filaments, longer than itself, proceeding from each side, just below the pectoral fins.

The common Kurau (P. indicus) attains a length of 4 feet and about 20 lbs. in weight.

The Kurau janggut (P. tetradactylus), which is also known on the Queensland coast by the very unsuitable name "Cooktown Salmon," grows to a very large size.

Day quotes Hamilton Buchanan as observing "I have been assured by a creditable native that he saw one which was a load for six men and which certainly therefore exceeded in weight 320 pounds avoirdupois."

BARRACUDAS.

(SPHYRAENIDAE.)

The Alu-Alu are carnivorous and highly voracious fishes which give good sport with a trolling bait or spinner.

Cantor mentions two species only, S. jello and S. obtusata, as inhabiting the seas off Penang and Singapore but I have a snapshot of one taken by me off Pahang which does not agree with Day's plates of either of these fish and is I think S. novae-hollandiae. It is more than probable that other species will be discovered in these waters.

A well known American game fisherman from Honolulu who visited Singapore recently recognised the fish both in the Singapore market and from the photograph as the Alu-alu of Hawaii.

Roughley writes of Sphyraena novae-hollandiae,

"The Short-finned Pike is an edible fish of very considerable value and is deservedly popular, though it has probably never been tasted by a very great portion of the community.

"It forms one of a too numerous collection of very valuable table fishes which are scarcely utilised, owing to the unenterprising methods adopted in their capture."


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 POMFRETS.

(STROMATEIDAE.)

The Bawal is one of our well known and most popular edible fish and takes a high place among our very best food fishes.

Of the three species known, the Bawal chermin (Stromateus atous) is most esteemed, though all are good.

The Bawal puteh and Bawal itam (S. cinereus) are identical, the fish getting darker as it reaches maturity. A shoal of immature fishes of this species seen on a calm, clear night is a most beautiful sight. In the reflected light of the moon, they look like tiny silvery stars. The Malays call them Bawal bintang. When mature they are a darker gray colour.

The mature Bawal itam are very much better eating than the immature Bawal puteh.

The Bawal tambak (S. niger) is the largest of the family. It grows to a length of two feet and is excellent eating.

These fishes are considered by fishermen the stupidest fish that swim. They have a curious sheep-like habit of huddling together and are also afflicted with a kind of ovine curiosity. They will follow anything that excites their curiosity such as a boat and this habit leads to their capture.

When a shoal is observed the fishermen manoeuvre their boat so as to attract the interest of the fish until they are all following in a compact flock. At the same time the boat is taking a circular course and the net is being shot very quietly. At the right moment all the fishermen raise a tremendous din with clappers and at the same time splash the water with their paddles. The shoal does a perfect right-about turn and each fish dashes headlong into the net.

MURREL.

(OPHIOCEPHALIDAE.)

These fresh-water fishes are provided with a respiratory organ on each side, above and communicating with the gills, which enables them to breath atmospheric air.

They can live for long periods out of water and travel over the land from one piece of water to another. They are useful food fish and well adapted for pond culture provided that the pond is well stocked with the small fish and frogs on which they feed, but if the food runs short, they will go elsewhere.

Day writes, "Jugglers both in India and China exhibit these fishes walking on the land, and children amuse themselves by making them crawl along."

The young as a rule are of a more or less orange or scarlet colour.


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 These fishes appear to be monogamous, some breeding in grassy swamps or the edges of tanks and others in holes in the river banks.

They construct nests amongst the water-weeds where the ova are deposited. When very young the fry of all species, Aruan, Toman, Bujok, etc., keep with, and are defended by, their parents, but as soon as they are sufficiently strong to capture prey for themselves, they are driven away to seek their own subsistance: those which are too obstinate to leave being eaten by their progenitors.

The Malays have a saying Bagai toman makan anak, "Like the Toman fish which eats its own young," which is applied to persons in high places who misuse their powers, oppressing those whom they should protect.

The Aruan and Toman will readily take a bait, especially a frog, and are said to rise to the salmon fiy. The largest run well over 3 feet in length.

They are caught in great quantities in the Krian irrigation reservoir at Bukit Merah and sent alive in tubs all over the F. M. S.

NANNYGAI.

(BERYCIDAE.)

The Sěběkah karang (Myripristis murdjan) is a small fish of no particular economic importance.

The, of which there are about 70 species, live, mostly at great depths, in the seas all over the world.

The "Nannygai" of Australia, which belongs to this family, is highly esteemed on account of its delicate flavour and firm white flesh. Roughley writes,

"Until recently the supply of Nannygai' to the market has been an intermittent one, occasional specimens only being found there.

"The trawlers have now quite altered this and large quantities are being received from them daily, with the result that it is one of the commonest fish seen in the market.

"Hundreds of people visiting there in search of trawled fish are now seeing the Nannygai' for the first time."

I suggest that the capture of the "Nannygai" and other, hitherto unrecorded, species of good edible deep water fish, by means of a commercial steam trawler, is well within the region of possibility. We have, as a perusal of this book will shew, many fish in our waters which range as far as Australia but no engines or methods of capture are utilized in our waters which take bottom feeding fishes in depths of 50 fathoms.


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 Roughley writes, "The most prolific grounds are found to be between 50 and 60 fathoms in depth," and again, "Many species, which before the advent of trawling were very rarely seen in the markets and which were in fact considered by many to occur only in small numbers on our coast, could now be counted in thousands."

KNIGHT-FISHES.

(MONOCENTRIDAE.)

The Sětonggang (Monocentris japonicus) is a curious little fish with enormous bony scales and two long ventral spines. It has no edible value.

"BULL'S-EYES."

(PEMPHERIDAE.)

I have no personal knowledge of these fishes and, as they are never captured in numbers, they are unimportant from an economic standpoint.

"DRUMMERS."

(KYPHOSIDAE.)

The Tělan rumput (Kyphosus cinerascens) as its name explains is a herbivorous fish, subsisting chiefly on "sea-grass" and "sea-moss." It is a congener of the Drummer of New South Wales (Kyphosus sydneyanus) and belongs to the same family as that excellent food and sporting fish known in New South Wales as the Blackfish.

DUSKY-PERCH.

(LOBOTIDAE.)

The Pěchah pěriok (Lobotes surinamensis) is a large perch-like estuary fish which reaches a length of 3 or 4 feet and a weight of 25 to 30 pounds. It is known in Australia as the Dusky Perch.

According to Boulenger's classification, the family contains two genera, Lobotes and Datnioides, each with two species, and though the two species of Datnioides are known to occur in the estuaries and rivers of the Malay Peninsula, they have not yet, as far as I am aware, been identified under a Malay name.

The Pěchah pěriok is an excellent food fish and it readily takes a fish bait.

It has a very wide range, being found in Queensland, the West Indie, on the east coast of the United States of America, as far North as Cape Cod, in the Mediterranean Sea, India and China.


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 PLATE XI

TĔMBĔLIAN

Carp.

(Barbus sp.)


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PART III.

Chanos chanos Forsk. Bělida. Chirocentrus dorab Forsk. Spratelloides delicatulus Benn. gracilis Schleg. 35 CHANIDAE (THE MILK-FISH). 25 Dussumieria acuta C. V. 33 27 CLUPEIDAE (HERRINGS, 35 Dorosoma nasus Bl. chacunda H, B. Setipinna breviceps Cant. taty C. V. Lycothrissa crocodilus Blkr. Engraulis baelama Forsk. grayi Blkr. mystax Bl. Schn, setirostris Brouss, hasseltii Blkr. Stolephorus commersonii Lac. indicus v. H. tri Blkr. Coilia dussumieri C. V. quadrifilis Günth. Bandang, Měnangin. Bulan-bulan. spp. Clupeoides lile C. V. Bandang, Jangas. SHADS, ETC.). Parang-parang. Anak tamban jěboh. Tamban bulat, T. jeboh. Tamban jeboh. Selangat belau, Nandong, Kěbasi. Selangat, Kebasi, Nandong, Pias. Biang-biang. 27 Měm purong. Kasi-kasi. Bangkok. Bulu ayam. Bangkok. Tiram, Měmpinis, Jembědi. Bilis, Teri. Bunga ayer, Teri. Teri, Bilis. Bulu ayam. Tamban, T. chinchang re bong.


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 and a bright-eyed, bewhiskered little man came bustling into the room.

"I have here a writ of habeas corpus for the release of Mr. Tony Guarino," he announced with dignity and flourished a document.

The detectives gasped. For a writ to be run so soon indicated that the prisoner had "connections." They had never dreamed that this kid was hooked up with the systematized elements of the underworld. But here the writ was. As they hadn't sufficient evidence to place a charge against Tony and book him, they had to honor the writ and release him.

"No hard feelings, boys," he said pleasantly as he followed the lawyer out.

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found his connection with the O'Hara gang active and pleasant. At first the Irish boys were somewhat suspicious of a Wop in their midst but when it was whispered around that it was he who had shot the redoubtable Al Spingola, their hostility vanished like fog in sunshine and they welcomed him with open enthusiasm. Tony himself never mentioned the occurrence, neither denying it nor bragging about it. But day and night he was watching for a reprisal from some of Spingola's henchmen. He still had his armed bodyguard following behind every time he went outside and not even the members of his own gang knew that.

Tony's executive ability soon revealed itself and before long he was acting as O'Hara's lieutenant. He made it plain to Klondike from the first, however, that he would not take a hand in "second-story jobs," robberies, hold-ups or burglaries of any sort. And he explained his stand with his little phrase which later was to become so famous:

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 "I ain't riskin' a pinch for a coupla bucks."

It wasn't a matter of ethics with him; it was a matter of economics, the balancing of probable gain against probable risk and finding out whether it was worth it. Anyway, there was no fun to "rough stuff," no adventure or sportsmanship about it. Tony liked the smoother and wittier forms of larceny, those that bordered on extortion and blackmail. For instance, he could convince a small storekeeper in a few minutes that five or ten dollars a month was very cheap protection against having his store robbed or himself knocked on the head when he went home at night. And there were any amount of ignorant, fearful mothers who could be convinced readily that a quarter or half dollar per month per child was cheap insurance against having their children kidnaped and held for ransom. And once convinced, they paid their tribute regularly and unwhimperingly whenever he sent his collector around, just as they would insurance. He could think up two or three new schemes like that a day, and they always worked. As he said to O'Hara:

"What's the use of stickin' people up or bangin' 'em on the head when you can talk 'em out of it. My way's not only a lot safer but more fun."

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 On all sides now he was accorded the greatest respect. And he knew why; it was because the word had gone around that he was a "killer." He had killed only once, really in self-defense, and actuated largely by fear, yet he was marked as a killer and through life he would be subject to the advantages and disadvantages that went with the appellation.

His income now was running about three hundred a week—which was enormous for a gangster before Prohibition came along and made them millionaires—and with Vyvyan's help he was managing to have a nice time. He had taken a nicer flat for her by now and she had quit the show.

"I just can't bear to think of other men starin' at them pretty legs of yours, kid," he explained when insisting that she quit. "I'm makin' plenty o' dough for both of us, so throw up the job."

Being fond, like most blondes, of an easy life secured with the smallest possible expenditure of energy, she obeyed orders. Tony himself was still living at home but intended to move as soon as he could get up the necessary courage. His brother Ben, the policeman, hearing of his headquarters grilling over the Spingola killing, had given him another one at home while the rest of the family

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 wailed in the background. But the wily Tony had been grimly silent at the right moments and suavely voluble at others, with the result that he convinced his family, just as he had the detectives, that he had nothing to do with Spingola's demise.

Tony went to Vyvyan's flat shortly before seven one Saturday night, feeling in rather high spirits.

"Well, kid, what do you want to do to-night?" he asked.

"Let's go to Colosimo's."

"Naw, I don't like that joint. Let's go out to one of those nice North Side places."

"No, I want to go to Colosimo's." Her lower lip puckered threateningly.

"Naw, I don't like that joint, I said."

"Why not?"

"A lot of the old Spingola mob do their stepping out there on Saturday night."

"Afraid?" she sneered. She seemed to be in a nasty humor to-night.

"No!" he snapped. "But I never liked the idea of bein' shot in the back."

"Oh, all right, if that's the way you feel about it. How about Ike Bloom's?"

"Well, it ain't very far from Colosimo's, but it

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 has a lot nicer people. All right, we'll go there if you wanta."

Tony kept most of his wardrobe at the flat. He bathed and shaved now, and dressed carefully in a well-tailored, nicely-pressed tuxedo. But when he stepped out into the living-room, there was a revolver in a shoulder holster hanging in his left arm pit, and a tiny blue steel automatic fitted snugly into his right vest pocket.

Vyvyan was quite stunning in a flashing green evening gown and a soft white cloak. They made a handsome couple as they descended to the street and entered the waiting limousine. It belonged to Tony; he had made good his promise of having a car better than his brother's and of getting it as easily.

At Ike Bloom's enormous and beautiful cabaret on Twenty-second street, they took a table at the edge of the balcony, a point of vantage from which they could see everything without being at all conspicuous themselves. And they were around at one end of the horseshoe-shaped café, so that Tony might have his back to the wall and therefore enjoy the evening more.

They had a splendid dinner, with excellent champagne, saw the sparkling if somewhat naked revue,

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a moment there was the utmost confusion aboard the craft. The words of Blake, the sudden motion as the rope broke, the tossing and pitching, as the boat was borne on the crest of the flood, seemed to deprive them all of the ability to act.

Blake himself had nearly been carried overboard, so suddenly did the cable part, but he managed to grasp a rail and so saved himself.

"Can you see anything?" yelled Mr. Ringold, as he was struggling into his raincoat.

"Only when it lightens," answered Blake. "It's a fierce storm, all right."

The others came out on deck, and, as flash succeeded flash, they viewed the mad scene all about them.

On raced the motor boat, a frail thing indeed in that wild waste of waters.

"We've got to start the engine!" yelled Mr.


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140 Ringold, for one needed to yell to be heard above that storm. "It's the only way we can be safe," the manager added. "Start the motor!"

"And where will we steer?" Mr. Piper wanted to know.

"Anywhere we can, to get in some sheltered place," suggested Blake. "But it's doubtful if we can stem this wind and current."

"We'll have to quarter it," spoke Mr. Ringold, when he had taken an observation, by the aid of a lightning flash.

Meanwhile Joe and Mr. Piper had started the motor, and, as the welcome throb and hum were heard, Blake and the manager went to the wheel.

"Better light up," the moving picture man said. "No telling what we may run into, or what might run into us. There are probably boats afloat, bad as the storm is."

Save for a single light in the cabin, and a riding light outside, the Clytie was in darkness when the cable parted. But now the incandescents were switched on. They were operated by a large storage battery, charged by a dynamo, run by the motor flywheel.

With a powerful searchlight at her bow, her stern light, and the red and green side lamps, as well as the cabin lights, aglow, the craft now presented a more cheerful aspect, and she was cer-


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 then relaxed—smoking, drinking, chatting—until the evening's gayety began shortly after eleven. Tony scrutinized carefully the other guests as they entered. But by twelve-thirty, when the place was practically filled, he hadn't seen an enemy, nor even any one of whom he was suspicious. So he consented to dance with Vyvyan.

They took advantage of almost every dance after that, drinking and nibbling at various inconsequential but expensive items of food between times. And every hour a new revue was presented.

During the presentation of one of these shows, while a huge woman with a nice voice and too many diamonds, crooned something about lovin' in the moonlight, Tony suddenly sat straight up, his gaze riveted to a woman straight across from him at the other end of the balcony. She was a brunette, a stunning brunette, obviously young, and dressed in a gorgeous white evening gown. The bulky young man with her looked like a prizefighter.

"What a dame!" breathed Tony in admiration.

"Where?" snapped Vyvyan.

"That brunette over there in white."

Vyvyan looked, anxiously and with narrowed gaze. Then she glanced back at Tony.

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Rh tainly safer. The lights, too, helped to take away the really terrifying effect of the vivid lightning.

The place at the wheel was partitioned off, and that little pilot house, as it were, was left in darkness, to enable Blake and Mr. Ringold to see to steer.

They could do little, however, save to try and cross the current in a diagonal direction, to make their way to some sheltered cove.

"This certainly is the limit!" murmured Blake, as he stood at the manager's side. "I didn't think there was any more rain left in the clouds."

"There seems to be plenty coming down," observed the theatrical man, grimly. They listened to it pelting on the cabin roof. It was a constant roar, and added to it was the thunder of the sky artillery, following each flash, and the never-ceasing hiss and hum of the rushing river.

"We'll have to look out for debris as best we can," spoke Mr. Ringold. "There are some big logs afloat, and if one hits us end on"

He did not finish, but Blake realized what he meant.

"Look! That struck just in front of us!" cried the youth, as he and his companion shrank back, instinctively, from a particularly vivid flash.

His words were drowned in the shock that fol-


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Rh embraced Christianity, but expounds its doctrines to his people, I will here give a brief sketch of his career.

His great-grandfather Mochoasele was a great traveller, and the first that ever told the Bakwains of the existence of white men. In his father's lifetime two white men, whom I suppose to have been Dr.Cowan and Captain Donovan, passed through the country (in 1808), and descended the river Limpopo. They and their party all died of fever. The rain-makers, fearing lest their waggons might drive away the rain, ordered them to be thrown into the stream. A son of the chief at whose village they perished remembered, when a boy, partaking of one of the horses, and said it tasted like zebra's flesh. The Bakwains were then rich in cattle; and it is one of the many evidences of the subsequent desiccation of the country', that streams are pointed out where thousands and thousands of cattle formerly drank, and in which water now never flows.

When Sechele was still a boy, his father, also named Mochoasele, was murdered by his own people for taking to himself the wives of his rich underchiefs. The children were spared, and their friends invited Sebituane, the chief of the Makololo, who was then in those parts, to reinstate them in the chieftainship. He undertook the task, and surrounded the town of the Bakwains by night. Just as it began to dawn his herald proclaimed in a loud voice that he had come to revenge the death of Mochoasele. His followers, who encircled the place, beat loudly on their shields, and the panic was tremendous. There was a rush like that from a theatre on fire, while the Makololo used their javelins on the terrified fugitives with a dexterity which they alone can employ. Sebituane had given orders that the sons of Mochoasele should be spared. One of the men, meeting Sechele, put him in ward by giving him such a blow on the head with a club as to render him insensible. The usurper was killed, and Sechele was restored to the chieftainship.

He married the daughters of three of his underchiefs who, on account of their blood relationship, had stood by him in his adversity. This is one of the modes adopted for cementing the allegiance of a tribe. They are fond of the relationship to great families. If you meet a party of strangers, and the


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142 lowed, and indeed it was seen that the bolt had struck the water but a little way in advance of the boat. A smell, as of sulphur, filled the air, and there was a sensation as though everyone aboard the craft had received a mild electric shock.

"That was close enough!" murmured Joe, as he come into the cabin, after having seen to the oiling of the motor.

"I should say so!" agreed Mr. Piper, who followed him.

Try as Mr. Ringold did to send the craft out of the main current, he seemed unable to accomplish it. It was as though the boat were in the grip of some powerful hand, that was shoving her forward.

Several times, as they fairly flew onward, the propeller aiding the current in making speed, those aboard felt the bumps and shocks as they struck objects in the water. Fortunately the debris was moving at considerable speed also, and in the same direction as was the motor boat, or serious damage might have been done.

"There goes another hit!" cried Blake, as he saw a second lightning bolt descend into the water. This one, though, was far enough off so that no unpleasant effects were felt by our friends. The bolt from the sky, however, hit and


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Rh split wide open a big tree that was floating down stream.

"If it strikes us," murmured Mr. Piper, "we'll" And then he thought better of what he was evidently going to say, and did not finish his sentence.

"It's of no use," said Mr. Ringold, after a while, "We can't make any headway across the river. We'll just have to go on and trust to luck."

He and Blake kept a sharp lookout ahead, and managed to avoid, several times, collisions with floating debris in the shape of logs, and parts of buildings.

As they rounded a turn, which could be made out by the flashes of lightning, Blake uttered a cry.

"What's that—just ahead?" he shouted.

He pointed to a large black object, looming up on the right.

At the same moment there came another flash, seemingly of greater intensity than any that had preceded it. The flash appeared to completely envelope the big, dark object, and with one voice Blake and Mr. Ringold cried:

"A cotton barge!"

"And struck by lightning, too!" added Blake, a second later, as, despite the downpour of rain,


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 "I can't imagine what you see in her," she snapped scornfully.

"Jealous?"

"Of that? I should say not. And that bum with her looks like a burglar."

"Maybe he is," assented Tony imperturbably. "There's worse professions. But she's a stunner. I wonder who she is."

"Some common hussy, I'll bet."

"Well, I'll bet she ain't," snapped Tony, and beckoned the waiter over. "Say, do you know who that dame is—the good-lookin' brunette in white over there?"

The waiter looked, then smiled.

"That's Miss Jane Conley," he answered.

"Never heard that name before," muttered Tony.

"Perhaps you've heard of her under her other name," suggested the waiter. "She's known mostly as 'The Gun Girl,' "

"My God!" gasped Tony. "Is she the gun girl?"

"Yes, sir. Though we like to keep it quiet because we don't want any trouble here."

"No, of course not," agreed Tony dryly.

"Who's the gun girl?" demanded Vyvyan snappishly when the waiter had gone.

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144 flames burst from several places on the loaded boat.

The lightning had indeed set fire to the cotton, which was floating down the river. It had probably broken away from the place where it had been moored, or from the tug that was towing it. Rapidly the flames gained headway, and, as there came a sudden cessation to the rain, which might have extinguished them, the tongues of fire leaped higher and higher.

"I hope we will be able to keep well away from her," murmured Mr. Ringold, and for a time it seemed as though they might, for the burning barge was well in advance of our friends.

But it was a vain hope. A little later the barge suddenly grounded on some obstruction, and remained stationary, while the motor boat was borne down directly on it.

"Steer to one side!" yelled Blake.

"I'm trying to!" echoed the manager, but it was easily seen that he was not going to be able to do this in time. A moment later the Clytie poked her bow against the barge, with great force.

Fortunately, however, a bale of cotton, hanging partly overboard, took the brunt of the blow, so no damage was done.


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 "Well, kid, I'll wise you up a little on underworld stuff, though God knows that ain't the only thing you're dumb in. A really good gunman is usually pretty well known, not only to other crooks but to the cops. Whenever they see him on the street, they stop him and frisk him, to see if he's up to something. He can't go two blocks in any direction without bein' stopped and frisked by somebody—either dicks or harness bulls. So he has to have somebody else—usually a good-lookin' well-dressed girl that nobody would suspect—carry his gat for him and trail him till he's ready to use it. Then she hurries up, slips it to him and strolls slowly down the block. He pulls off his job and runs down the street, slippin' her the gat as he goes past. Immediately she disappears—street car, taxi, or afoot, any way—but without lookin' like she's in a hurry. So if he should git pinched, they can't find anything on him. See?"

"I don't see anything so grand in that."

"You don't, eh? Well, let me tell you, there's nothin' scarcer than a good gun girl. It takes brains and a lot of guts. That girl across there—if that waiter didn't lie to me—is the most famous of all of 'em. She's known as The Gun Girl. I've heard about her for a couple years but I didn't even

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