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NS/mh 41 (Mr. Alarcon de Quesada, Cuba) Is the defence of the legitimate interests of the Kuwaiti Government really the concern that has led the United States delegation to act as it is doing now, or is it the hegemonist and interventionist ambitions of the United States in the Middle East? My delegation has no doubt as to what the answers to those questions would be, but the Council and the international community have no reason for any doubt in that regard either.

The draft resolution before us was originally received by all of us in an almost identical version when it was faxed to us from the United States Mission at 5.48 p.m. on Friday, 3 August. Now an attempt is being made to justify this on the ground that Iraq has failed to carry out the withdrawal of its forces from Kuwaiti territory or by interpreting various statements made at Baghdad on Sunday or what has been said here by the Permanent Representative of Iraq. But that is not the truth.

The plan to impose sanctions on Iraq actually existed before we entered this new phase of Security Council deliberations, at a time when no one even knew about the statement made by the Iraqi Government, also on 3 August, to the effect that it was going to commence the withdrawal of its troops from Kuwait. But apart from this, while we were discussing or negotiating or holding consultations on this draft resolution, the United States Government sent a contingent of marines to the territory of Liberia. I do not recall any consultations held on that subject. I am not aware of any Security Council resolution or request made by any group of States to invite United States marines to enter the territory of Liberia without permission. Yet there they are and the United States has said, there they will remain for as long as they consider necessary.


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NS/mh 42 (Mr. Alarcon de Quesada, Cuba) To justify this draft resolution, reference is now being made to the positions taken by various States or groups of States concerning this lamentable conflict between Iraq and Kuwait. But we cannot help recalling that for 23 years all the States of the region — Iraq, Kuwait and all the other States — all the non-aligned States and the General Assembly, almost unanimously, have condemned Israel's occupation of the territories which we have come to describe, by diplomatic tradition, as the occupied territories. Apparently those territories can be occupied for ever. There seems to be no need to impose sanctions against the occupier when it is Israel. Was any account taken of the opinions of the non-aligned countries and the countries of the Middle Eastern region, with proposals for more effective actions to compel Israel to withdraw its troops from the occupied territories and recognize the rights of other Arab people, the people of Palestine?

But all of us also know that some six months ago this same Security Council considered in informal consultations a draft resolution on the latest developments with respect to the occupied territories. What did the Council do? Was it able to act? Why was it not able to act? Is there anybody who does not know the reason? We all know that it was the opposition of the delegation of the United States of America even to a declaration that the occupation was illegal, let alone to sanctions or to more effective measures against the occupying State.

The territory of Angola — part of it — was occupied for some 15 years by the South African regime's troops. My delegation does not recall any occasion when anybody discovered the principle of non-interference and respect for territorial integrity, let alone urged the imposition of effective sanctions upon South Africa to compel it to abandon Angolan territory.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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NS/mh 43 (Mr. Alarcon de Quesada, Cuba) The territory of Lebanon – or part of it – has been occupied by Israel for 12 years, and on the eve of this deplorable and regrettable conflict between Kuwait and Iraq, as we all know, the Council had to consider once again the situation concerning the United Nations force in southern Lebanon. We had to confine ourselves to renewing that force's mandate and to issuing a terse and carefully worded presidential declaration which made no reference to strong sanctions against Israel, notwithstanding the fact that Israel, as the Secretary-General's own report stated, is not complying with the relevant Security Council resolution, is not co-operating with the United Nations force in the area and, even worse, is attacking it.

Worse still, we had to learn from the report that two Nepalese soldiers had lost their lives in unprovoked incidents. They were the victims of Israeli weapons. Since we did not adopt sanctions, did we at least express the Security Council's condemnation of that situation? Did we even state that we deplored the fact that after 12 years of the occupation of southern Lebanon, Israel still was not expressing any willingness to leave the territory? Did we even express concern? Was there any initiative faxed to our missions for an immediate meeting of the Council to adopt such decisions? Evidently that was not the case.

Seven months ago the territory of another small and weak country was invaded by the military force of a great power and in a matter of hours that power, the United States, took possession of that country. There was one innovation in that case which was perhaps without precedent: it installed a new Government, perhaps the first in the world in which the President, the Head of Government, took the oath of office at a United States military base, naturally in the presence of the commanding general of the occupying forces. That happened seven months ago. There was, of course, no United States draft resolution calling for the imposition of


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NS/mh 44-45 (Mr. Alarcon de Quesada, Cuba) sanctions against the United States, but beyond that — regrettably I must say this — there was likewise not much sentiment in favour of such a proposal among the other members of the Council, and consequently the Security Council did not even make a statement on the matter. The General Assembly did do so on that occasion; it voted to adopt a resolution, and the vote showed that four of the countries sponsoring the draft resolution now before us voted against the General Assembly's resolution concerning the illegal United States invasion of Panamanian territory.

It has been said by some in our consultations that our inability to adopt positions consistent with the defence of those principles in other cases should not make us fail to do so now. In other words, we should let the United States choose how, where and when those principles should be applied. However, we are not talking about past history now. The Council can, if it wishes, adopt effective measures with respect to the Power which continues to occupy the "occupied territories". The Council could take effective decisions concerning the Power which continues illegally to occupy southern Lebanon, and of course against the Power which continues to occupy Panama seven months after its invasion. Then, if there were the slightest intention of being consistent, we could begin here and now to rectify this contradiction which arises when, in a selective fashion, an attempt is made for the second time, as Ambassador Pickering has reminded us, to institute such drastic sanctions against a country.


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BHS/edd 46 (Mr. Alarcon de Quesada, Cuba) I can recall another occasion which may be the one that the representative of the United States was referring to: the decision taken by the Security Council concerning the illegal régime of Rhodesia when it unilaterally declared the independence of that Territory, for the purpose, as we all remember, of preventing the people of Zimbabwe — which, fortunately, lives in an independent, sovereign land today — from achieving genuine independence.

But the authorities of that racist minority regime in Rhodesia took that unilateral decision in 1965. The General Assembly immediately adopted a resolution, with extensive support from the overwhelming majority of its members, calling for effective steps against that regime to restore legality and to make possible a real decolonization process that would lead, as it eventually did, to independence. When did the Security Council act? In October 1965, in November, in December? Did it act in less than 48 hours? Or did it wait days, or weeks, or months? Notwithstanding the fact that all the States in the region — the African countries — all the non-aligned countries and the overwhelming majority of the General Assembly were urging the Council to carry out its task and adopt effective measures against Rhodesia, the Security Council acted in 1967, two years after that attempt to deprive the people of Zimbabwe of its inalienable national rights.

My delegation has no doubt that the adoption of this draft resolution, far from helping to bring a speedy solution to this conflict — which we believe must be achieved through the withdrawal of Iraqi forces and the full restoration of Kuwait's sovereignty — will, we are convinced, serve or be used, as part of the designs of the United States to intensify its intervention in a part of the world which it appears to regard as its own property.

I am grateful to Ambassador Pickering for something which, it seems to me, is quite illuminating. I listened very carefully to his statement, as I always do,


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 the demonical vilenesses who inhabited the Blood-Red Tower of Nak-Jad.

There, at first, I had tried to fight against my fate, in regal indignation, for I had not then lost my pride and arrogance, even though I no longer queened it by the side of Hesperus.

But such awful punishment had been dealt me by Grarhorg that it very effectually slew the last temerarious thought of resistance. So that thereafter I had dared do naught else than tamely submit to whatsoever of humiliating degradation he might choose next to inflict upon his—"toy." And after he had become wearied of me and had cast me to his legion—I had been in even worse plight, likewise endured inertly, indifferently at times, when the overtaxed spirit could no longer recognize varying degrees of agonized, excruciating suffering.

All this was flashing through my mind as that bony grisliness clutched me by my throat. But at that chill touch, the rapidly mounting wrath within me exploded. Exerting a strength I knew not before that moment that I possessed, I struck violently at that pallid white forearm. It broke! Broke like a brittle twig! The fleshless, thickless fingers fell at my feet. In my turn I grappled that elongated animate skeleton and lifted! It was feather-light. I hurled it from me out in the Lake of the Dark Blue Ooze!

"You would be thick!" I screamed. "Wallow there, then, and soon shall you become thick indeed!"

The skeleton fell on the surface of the slimy lake, but did not sink, for the stuff was too dense; although it was not exactly solid, either, being more like the grumbo mud of my natal region upon earth. After considerable struggling the animate abhorrence got to its feet, but it no more resembled a skeleton. I had plenty of time to watch; as the other members of the pursuing band had halted in a hesitant group.

I laughed, openly, mocking them. Actually, I had at last encountered, some things that were afraid of me! Yet, I knew that, did I attempt to retrace my steps and go back upon me like so many ravening wolves; and against such odds I could not dare to contend. Also, doubtless, there would be many others like them, and probably things even worse to be encountered should I escape them, so long as I should stay in that Gorge.

I turned again to observe the thing I had flung into the lake. It was no longer pallid white. Rather, it more resembled a corpse decaying and blackening from putrescence. It was not a pretty sight, even to eyes such as were mine, inured to horrid sights. It had accumulated all the thickness it could carry, and too much; albeit not of the sort it had desired so avidly. As I watched, its knees buckled, overweighted, and it went down and stayed prone. Slowly, very slowly, it partially settled into the gummous ooze.

A wild idea possessed me. Upon earth the suicide disposes of one shell at least, speedily. Already I had lost two, and could have not so very many more remaining. Behind me were the animate skeletons who waited and before me the Lake of the Dark Blue Ooze. well, I would intentionally cast myself upon the bosom of that sinister-appearing Lake, and if the ooze swallowed me, then I would have rid myself of all my woes at a single stroke. And if I should find that I had but lost another shell, with others still remaining, I'd no longer flee from any menacing Things; but would, rather, welcome them as unintentional deliverers.

RUSHED out upon the surface of that ooze and found that it would bear my weight so long as I kept mov-


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 In the year 854, the Year of the Rat (2035 BE), grand stupas were instituted for the relics of His Divine Highness Borommatrailok and His Divine Highness Borommarachathirat the Lord.

In the year 858, the Year of the Dragon (2039 BE), He conducted the rite of Twenty-Five for Himself and had the Ocean Churning rite performed.

In the year 859, the Year of the Serpent (2040 BE), He had the rite of Primary Action held.

In the year 861, the Year of the Goat (2042 BE), inaugurated was the building of an image hall [at] Si Sanphet Temple.

In the year 862, the Year of the Ape (2043 BE), His Divine Highness Ramathibodi the Lord ordered inauguration of the casting of the buddha Phra Si Sanphet and the casting was inaugurated on Sunday, the 8th waxing-moon day of the 6th month. Once it reached the year 865, the Year of the Boar (2046 BE), on Friday, the 11th waxing-moon day of the 8th month, celebrations were held for the buddha Phra Si Sanphet. Measured from his feet to the top of his aureole, that buddha was eight wa tall; his face was four sok long; the width of his face was three sok; and his chest was eleven sok wide. And the bronze cast into that buddha weighed five myriad and three thousand chang. The gold coating him weighed five myriad and three thousand chang: in the front was the seventh-grade gold weighing and two kha, in the back was the sixth-grade gold weighing two kha.

In the year 877, the Year of the Boar (2058 BE), on Tuesday, the 15th waxing-moon day of the 11th month, at the time of eight chan, three roek, and nine roek after the dayspring, His Divine Highness Ramathibodi went unto Nakhon Lamphang Town. He conquered the town.


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RV 401 (CANTO III.])


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 and received him with a hauteur which intensified the simplicity of her attire; Bouchotte was en déshabille. The worthy Magistrate seized the score of Aline, Queen of Golconda, and the love-letters which the singer carefully preserved in the drawer of the table by her bed, for she was an orderly young woman. He was about to withdraw when he espied a cupboard, which he opened with a careless air, and found machines capable of blowing up half Paris, and a pair of large white wings, whose nature and use appeared inexplicable to him. Bouchotte was invited to complete her toilette, and, in spite of her cries, was taken off to the police-station.

Monsieur Salneuve was indefatigable. After the examination of the papers seized in Bouchotte’s house, and acting on the information of Montremain, he issued a warrant for the arrest of young d’Esparvieu, which was executed on Wednesday, the 27th May, at seven o’clock in the morning, with great discretion. For three days, Maurice had neither slept nor eaten, loved nor lived. He had not a moment’s doubt as, to the nature of the matutinal visit, At the sight of the police magistrate a strange calm fell on him. Arcade had not returned to sleep in the flat. Maurice begged the magistrate to wait for him, dressed with care, and then accompanied the magistrate to the taxi that was waiting at the door. He felt


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 a calmness of mind which was barely disturbed oa the door of the Conciergerie closed on him. Alone in his cell, he climbed upon the table to look out. His tranquillity was due to his weariness of spirit, to his numbed senses, and to the fact that he no longer stood in fear of arrest. His misfortune endowed him with superior wisdom. He felt he had fallen into a state of grace. He did not think too highly or too humbly of himself, but left his cause in the hands of God. With no desire to cover up his faults, which he would not hide even from himself, he addressed himself in mind to Providence, to point out that if he had fallen into disorder and rebellion it was to lead his erring angel back into the straight path. He stretched himself on the couch and slept in peace.

On hearing of the arrest of a music-hall singer and of a young man of fashion, both Paris and the provinces felt painful surprise. Deeply stirred by the tragic accounts which the leading newspapers were bringing out, the general idea was that the sort of people the authorities ought to bring to justice were ferocious anarchists, all reeking and dripping from deeds of blood and arson; but they failed to understand what the world of Art and Fashion should have to do with such things. At this news, which he was one of the last to hear, the President of the Council and Keeper of the Seals started up in his chair.


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 The Sphinxes that adorned it were less terrible than he, and in the throes of his angry meditation he cut the mahogany of his imperial table with his penknife, after the manner of Napoleon. And when Judge Salneuve, whose attendance he had commanded, appeared before him, the President flung his penknife in the grate, as Louis XIV flung his cane out of the window in the presence of Lauzun; and it cost him a supreme effort to master himself and to say in a voice of suppressed fury:

“Are you mad? Surely I said often enough that I meant the plot to be anarchist, anti-social, fundamentally anti-social and anti-governmental, with a shade of syndicalism. I have made it clear enough that I wanted it kept within these lines; and what do you go and make of The vengeance of anarchists and aspirants to freedom? Whom do you arrest? A singer adored of the nationalist public, and the son of a man highly esteemed in the Catholic party, who receives our bishops and has the entrée to the Vatican; a man who may be one day sent as ambassador to the Pope. At one blow you alienate one hundred and sixty Deputies and forty Senators of the Right on the very eve of a motion to discuss the question of religious pacification; you embroil me with my friends of to-day, with my friends of to-morrow. Was it to find out if you were in the same dilemma as des Aubels that you seized the love-letters of


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 young Maurice d’Esparvieu? I can put your mind at rest on that point. You are, and all Paris knows it. But it is not to avenge your personal affronts that you are on the Bench.”

“Monsieur le Garde des Sceaux,” murmured the Judge, nearly apoplectic and in a choked voice. “I am an honest man.”

“You are a and a provincial. Listen to me; if Maurice d’Esparvieu and Mademoiselle Bouchotte are not released within half an hour I will crush you like a piece of glass. Be off!”

Monsieur René d’Esparvieu went himself to fetch his son from the Conciergerie and took him back to the old house in the Rue Garancière. The return was triumphant. The news had been disseminated that Maurice had with generous imprudence interested himself in an attempt to restore the monarchy, and that Judge Salneuve, the infamous freemason, the tool of Combes and André, had tried to compromise the young man by making him out to be an accomplice of a band of criminals.

That was what Abbé Patouille seemed to think, and he answered for Maurice as for himself. It was known, moreover, that breaking with his father, who had rallied to the support of the Republic, young d’Esparvieu was on the high road to becoming an out-and-out Royalist. The people who had an inside knowledge of things


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Page:The Czechoslovak Review, vol3, 1919.djvu/81

 A great impression was made upon the American public by the wonderful posters, mostly recruiting posters, drawn by a Czech artist, Vojtech Preisig, professor at the Wentworth Institute in Boston. The Czechoslovak Arts Club of New York published with rare taste a number of booklets, among them Declaration of Independence of Czechoslovak Nation; Czech artists of Chicago have also applied their talents in the service of their people. The French bi-monthly, La Nation Tcheque, is received by the Alliance from Paris, and hundreds of copies are mailed regularly by the Chicago office to the principal libraries and to individuals who have manifested an interest in this valuable periodical. A great deal was also done through the medium of addresses. Hundreds of speeches in English were delivered before large audiences, prominent clubs, social gatherings, scientific and business societies. Charles Pergler has been foremost in this work, while Dr. Smetanka, Prof. B. Šimek, Prof. J. J. Zmrhal, Prof. Šárka Hrbkova, Albert Mamatey, John Straka, Rev. Oldřich Zlámal and Rev. Francis Jedlička have been doing faitfully and successfully the work of informing the American public about the aims and accomplishments of the Czechoslovaks. Joseph Martinek, a Czech socialist who spent six months in Russia and witnessed the evil effects of Bolshevism, delivered a number of lectures on the condition of the Czechoslovak Army in Russia and the unfortunate situation caused by the Bolshevik revolution. A great debt of gratitude is due to the Bohemian and Slovak press in America. All the other races had among their publications in this country numerous sheets fighting the interests of their own people from motives more or less creditable. But out of more than one hundred Bohemian periodicals only one small weekly served the interests of Austria—the ill-famed Vesmír which soon went down under the indignation of the people. All the rest of our press stood firmly by their people; without its steady and enthusiastic support the great work of the Bohemian National Alliance could not have been accomplished.

The past year is the culmination of our work not merely from the political point of view, but also in the matter of organization. The constantly growing scope of activities of the Czechoslovak National Council implied large demands upon our financial ability. At the beginning of 1918 the Central Committee of America of the Bohemian National Alliance, not including the Catholic branch, prepared a budget which provided for the collection of half a million dollars. It was no small task to gather such a large sum among our working people in the United States and Canada, for even in 1918 most of the gifts came in small amounts from the great mass of the people, rather than from the few wealthy men. The National Alliance is divided into sixteen districts, and the Central Committee determined the proportion which each district should raise of the total required. As the various districts sent in their collections month by month, they were advised of their standing, so that soon there was a rivalry among the various districts as to which would exceed its percentage by the biggest margin. All of them came up to what was expected of them, and some did unusually well. Thus the Pacific District with headquarters at San Francisco turned in 310 per cent of the amount expected of it, the farming district centering around Omaha collected 301 per cent. Chicago was first as far as the actual sum collected, for it turned over to the Central Committee over $200,000.

The best means of raising money were national bazaars. Thus the Chicago bazaar brought in $50,000 of net proceeds, the Texas bazaar netted $60,000 and the Omaha bazaar was first of them all with $70,000. There have been many bazaars held in this country in support of various war charities, but I feel sure that none of them were run with such a small proportionate expense. Our bazaars never paid out more than 8 per cent of the receipts for running expenses, and the bazaar of Cedar Rapids which turned in over $25,000 had not a cent of expense; all was done or donated free. These are only some of the larger bazaars, but similar fairs and national fetes were held in almost every Bohemian settlement in the United States.

Another undertaking, in which the Catholics took part, was the campaign for a national thanksgiving offering. It was scheduled for the Thanksgiving Day, but the collection went on during December. Its proceeds amount now to $320,000, while the total expense connected with this nation-wide campaign is only $2200, less than one per cent of what was collected. Recently one million francs out of this sum was sent to the Czechoslovak Foreign Minister


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RV 402 (CANTO II.])


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Talk:Castes and Tribes of Southern India/Tali-kettu kalyanam

Painfully racist, colonist wording.
Such writing cannot surely be still circulated. It simply perpetuates painful and abusive narratives that are openly racist and colonial. I cannot read it without cringing. I humbly request those to whose community and ancestry this ceremony belongs to please update this entry. 2601:602:8702:D9D2:7D71:C016:EC88:8EA5 16:25, 2 November 2023 (UTC)
 * This is the work as it was published at the time, and we reproduce it as it was without commentary. All works are always a product of their time, then or now. Commentary on a book would belong elsewhere, rather than through a 2023 opinion added to a work reflecting our own opinions of whichever race, nationality, gender, sexuality, etc. we individually profess today. — billinghurst  sDrewth  01:08, 5 November 2023 (UTC)


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Page:The Czechoslovak Review, vol3, 1919.djvu/82

 in Paris for the purchase of food for Bohemia. Chicago gave over $100,000 toward this national tax or offering, Cleveland $40,000; all of it was collected in small sums, mostly in dollar bills. People who are very poor and some who are invalids came themselves and brought their offering; poor coal miners from Pennsylvania and small renters from Texas all gave more than they could afford. Farmers drove days and days over the muddy roads of Nebraska and Minnesota to visit every Czech farmer in their county. In North Dakota an old woman who is supported by public charity called in the collectors who wanted to pass her by and made them take 50c, all she had. Money came to Chicago headquarters from six hundred different local collecting centers. We are proud of our people, and America may be proud of such citizens who know how to give.

Our organization, even though very efficient, was always rather loose, for the policy was to leave as much freedom and dicretion to the various districts as possible. This resulted in the participation of large numbers of faithful and able workers, all volunteers. As to American politics, of course, the Bohemian National Alliance kept strictly aloof. Its attitude has been all along; absolute loyalty to the United States and the fullest participation by every citizen of Czechoslovak birth in all activities which may help to win the war. On July 4, 1918, when various immigrant races in this country manifested their devotion to the American Republic and its institutions, the Czechoslovaks took everywhere a prominent part and presented to President Wilson an address of loyalty which was read at every Czechoslovak celebration on that day along with the Declaration of Independence. Then again in September and October parades and celebrations were held to show the gratitude of our people for the recognition by America of Czechoslovak independence; the manifestatiions in Chicago, St. Louis, St. Paul, New York and elsewhere were particularly impressive.

Most impressive, however, were the wondeful receptions held in Chicago, New York and Cleveland for Masaryk upon his arrival in this country from Russia. It may be said that the size and enthusiasm of these demonstrations first made the American public realize, what a large figure Masaryk was.

The end of the year crowned this long campaign with victory; the Czechoslovaks are now free. Their brothers in America are proud that they have had a share in the fight and in the victory, and soon a delegation of the Bohemian National Alliance and the Slovak League will visit the land of their fathers to bring greetings and congratulations and to find out, what other help could be given to the newly born nation. The delegation will take with them a splendid flag to be presented to the 22nd Regiment of the Czechoslovak Army which fought bravely on the French front and which is composed principally of volunteers from this country.

Today, when the political struggles are over, the hearts of the Czechoslovaks in America, each of whom has relations in the old country, turn toward the great problem of giving some measure of relief to the misery brought on by the war, to the relief of the widows and orphans whose number reaches into millions.

Independent Bohemia. By Vladimir Nosek, J. M. Dent & Sons, London.—A great many articles and pamphlets have been written about the Czechoslovak people during the war, but only two books on that subject have been published so far. One is Dr. Edward Beneš, the present minister of foreign affairs of the Czechoslovak Republic, and the second is this book by Vladimir Nosek, secretary of the Czechoslovak Legation in London.

The new publication of 190 pages gives a very full account of the part played by the Czechoslovaks in the great war. The chapter discussing the Czech political parties before and during the war is a feature that was neglected in other accounts of the Czechoslovak cause, and the incorporation of numerous documents illustrating the revolutionary movement is particularly valuable. The story is brought down to the break-up of the Austrian empire and the day of liberation.

One criticism which suggests itself to readers on this side of the Atlantic is the omission of all reference to the work done by the Czechoslovaks in America. In his chapter on "The Military and Political Action of the Czechoslovaks Abroad" Mr. Nosek starts out to say: "The most important part was taken, however, by the Czechoslovak colonies in Bussia and America". And after telling what was done in Bussia he forgets to go back to America.

It is announced that a daily aerial service between Paris and Prague has been established. Czechoslovaks delegates to the peace conference will now be enabled to keep in touch with their government in Prague.


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84

Soon had the doughty giant girded his armout on,

Set on his head his helmet, and quickly seized upon

And swung aloft his buckler, and opened wide the gate:

How straightly then on Siegfried he rush’d, with scowl of hate!

“How had he dared awaken so many a gallant man?”

And straight upon the question his hand to smite began.

The noble guest prepared him a bold defence to make,——

But, at the porter’s onset, his very shield-clasps brake,

Smashed by a bar of iron; the knight was sore distrest,

And somewhat was he fearful that death would end his quest,—

Seeing the huge gate-keeper did smite so sturdily;

Which yet his master Siegfried was not ill-pleased to see.

Se mighty was their combat that all the castle rang.

Throughout the halls of Niblung men heard the crash and clang.

At last he threw the giant, and bound him foot and hand;

The tidings soon spread over the whole of Niblung-land.

The noise of fierce strife sounded deep through the mountain side,

Where Alberich the bold one— a wild dwarf—did abide:

With speed he seized his weapons, and ran to where he found

This brave and noble stranger, as he the giant bound.

A fierce wight was this Albrich, of strength he had good store;

A helmet and a hauberk he on his body wore;

A weighty whip, gold-handled, he carried in his hand:

With all his swiftness ran he to where Siegfried did stand.


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A. POETRY.—Kviða generally denotes a narrative poem; mál a poem in dialogue or didactic; ljóð, söngr a lay, song; tal a genealogical, drápa a laudatory heroic poem; ríma a rhyme or rhapsody.

 * I. :—Völu-spá, Háva-mál (mythical-didactic), Grímnis-mál, Vafþrúðnis-mál, Skírnis-mál, Alvís-mál, Loka-senna, Harbarðs-ljóð, Vegtams-kviða, Þryms-kviða, Hýmis-kviða, Hyndlu-ljóð, Forspjalls-ljóð (mod.)2. Poems in the form of a ‘drápa,’ but upon mythical subjects:—Haustlöng, Hús-drápa, Þórs-drápa, Ragnars-kviða.

 * II. :—Fáfnis-mál, Sigrdrífi-mál, Hamðis-mál, Sigurðar-kviða (in three poems), Guðrúnar-kviða (in three poems), Brynhildar-kviða, Atla-kviða, Atla-mál, Völundar-kviða, Rígs-mál, Helga-kviða Hjörvarðs-sonar, Helga-kviða Hundings-bana (in two poems), Helreið Brynhildar, Oddrúnar-grátr, Guðrúnar-hefna, Grotta-söngr, Gró-galdr, Fjölsvinns-mál, Ynglinga-tal, Háleygja-tal, Bjarka-mál, Getspeki Heiðreks, and other poems in Hervarar Saga, Darraðar-ljóð. Most of these poems (in I. II) are contained in the old collection commonly called Sæmundar Edda: the various editions differ in the distribution of the verses; in this Dictionary references are made to the edition of Möbius, Leipzig 1860; that of Sophus Bugge, Christiania 1867. has now superseded all former editions, and is cited in special instances.

 * III. :—Höfuð-lausn, Sona-torrek, Arinbjarnar-drápa (all published in the Egils Saga), Hákonar-mál (published in Hkr. i) Vell-ekla, Darraðar-ljóð, Rekstefja.2. Poems later than the middle of the 12th century:—Kráku-mál (published in Fas. i), Hugsvinns-mál (paraphrase of Cato’s Disticha) Sólar-ljóð (published along with Sæmundar Edda), Hátta-tal (published along with the Edda), Jómsvíkinga-drápa, Íslendinga-drápa, Merlinus-spá (an Icelandic metrical paraphrase of Geoffrey of Monmouth), Málshátta-kvæði (collection of proverbs in a MS. Cod. Reg. of Edda), Konunga-tal (published in Flateyjar-bók ii. 520 sqq.), Placidus-drápa, Harm-sól, Leiðar-vísan, Líknar-braut (religious poems, edited by Dr. Egilsson, published 1833 and 1844), Geisli (published in Fb. i. beginning), Guðmundar-drápa (published in Bs. ii. 187 sqq.), Lilja or the Lily (published in H. E. ii. 398 sqq.), both poems of the 14th century.3. Ólafs-ríma (published in Fb. i. 8 sqq.), Skáld-Helga-rímur (published in Grönl. Hist. Mind. ii), Þrymlur, Völsungs-rímur (edited by Möbius), Skíða-ríma (a satirical poem of the 14th or 15th century), etc.

 * IV. :—Bragi (9th century); Hornklofi, Þjóðólfr Hvinverski (9th or 10th century); Egill, Kormakr, Eyvindr Skálda-spillur (all of the 10th century); Hallfreðr (born 968, died 1008); Sighvatr, Arnórr (both of the 11th century); Einarr Skúlason (12th century), etc.

B. LAWS.—The Icelanders and Norsemen first began to write their laws at the end of the 11th and the beginning of the 12th century; before that time all laws were oral.

 * I. :—Grágás (vide that word), a collection of the laws of the Commonwealth, published in two volumes by the Arna-Magnaean Legate, Copenhagen, 1829. Parts or sections of the law are, Kristina-laga-þáttr, Þingskapa-þáttr, Vig-slóði, Bauga-tal, Tíundar-lög, Landbrigða-þáttr, Arfa-þáttr, Ómaga-bálkr, Festa-þáttr, Lögréttu-þáttr, Lögsögumanns-þáttr, etc. These laws are chiefly contained in two private collections or MSS. of the 12th century, called Konungs-bók (marked Grág. Kb.) and Staðarhóls-bók (marked Grág. Sb.); the new edition (Copenhagen 1853) is a copy of the Konungs-bók; but the Arna-Magn. edition, which is cited in this Dictionary, is a compilation from both MSS., having however Staðarhóls-bók as its groundwork. The Kristin-réttr Þorláks ok Ketils (K.Þ.K.) is cited from a separate edition (Copenhagen 1775).

 * II. contained in a collection of three volumes, called Norges Gamle Love (published by Munch and Keyser, Christiania 1846, 1847). The 1st vol. is most frequently cited, and contains the laws of Norway previous to A. D. 1263; the 3rd vol. contains Réttar-bætr or Royal Writs, cited by the number. The Gulaþings-lög or Lands-lög, = the Code of King Magnus (died 1281), is contained in the 2nd vol. of this collection, but is cited from a separate edition (Copenhagen 1817).

 * III., given after the union with Norway:—Kristin-réttr Arna biskups (published at Copenhagen in 1777); Járn-síða (Copenhagen 1847), the Law of Iceland from A. D. 1272-1280; Jóns-bók (Hólum 1709) is the Icelandic Code of Laws of A. D. 1280 (still in use in Iceland).

C. HISTORIES OR TALES OF A MYTHICAL CHARACTER.

 * I. :—In this Dictionary only the prose work of Snorri Sturluson (born 1178, died 1241) is cited under this name; the poems of the so-called Sæmundar Edda are all cited separately by their names (vide A). The Edda consists of three parts, the Gylfa-ginning or Mythical Tales (pp. 1-44), Skáldskapar-mál or the Poetical Arts and Diction (pp. 45-110). Hátta-tal (marked Edda Ht.) = a poem on the metres, and lastly, Þulur or Rhymed Glossary of the Synonymes (marked Edda Gl.) The edition cited is that of Dr. Egilsson, Reykjavík (1848) in one vol.; the Arna-Magn. (1848 sqq.) in two vols. (the third is still in the press) is now and then referred to. The Edda is chiefly preserved in three vellum MSS., the Konungs-bók (Kb.), the Orms-bók (Ob.), and the Uppsala-bók (Ub.), which is published in the Arna-Magn. Ed. ii. 250-396.2. The prose parts of the Sæmundar Edda (here marked Sæm.)

 * II. :—Fornaldar Sögur, a collection published in three volumes by Rafin, Copenhagen 1829, 1830: the 1st vol. contains Hrólfs Saga Kraka (pp. 1-109), Völsunga Saga (pp. 115-234, again published by Bugge, Christiania 1865), Ragnars Saga (pp. 235-299 and 345-360), Sögu-brotor Skjöldunga Saga (a fragment, pp. 363-368), Hervarar Saga (p. 411-533), Norna-Gests Saga (pp. 319-342): the 2nd vol. contains Hálfs Saga (pp. 25-60), Friðþófs Saga (pp. 63-100 and 488-503), Örvar-Odds Saga (almost wholly fabulous): the 3rd vol., Gautreks Saga (pp. 1-53): the rest are mere fables, and belong to G below. Hemmings-þáttr, from the Flateyjar-bók, 3rd vol., partly cited from MSS.; this tale contains a myth parallel to that of William Tell.2. Ynglinga Saga by Snorri Sturlson, containing lives of the mythical kings of Sweden from Odin down to the historical time, cited from Heimskringla, 1st vol.

D. ÍSLENDINGA SÖGUR OR HISTORIES referring to the ICELANDIC COMMONWEALTH and the time following the union with Norway.

 * I. :—Landnáma or Landnáma-bók, a History of the Discovery and Settlement of Iceland, originally written by Ari Fróði (born 1067, died 1148), but worked out into its present form by Sturla Þórðarson (born 1214, died 1284); this important work is cited from the Copenhagen Ed. of 1843, where the figures are


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VIII.]

Seven knots, both hard and heavy, hung down in front of it,

With which the bold man’s buckler so ruthlessly he hit,—

As in his hand he held it,— that it in pieces fell.

Then was the goodly stranger in fear for life as well.

The shield, that now was broken, he from his hand did throw,

And thrust into its scabbard his sword,—’twas long enow.—

His treasurer he would not, an he could help it, slay:

His breeding he forgat not, as was his righteous way.

With his strong hands for weapons at Alberich he ran,

And by the beard he gripp’d him, that old and grizzly man!

So ruthlessly he pull’d it, that loud the old man cried:

The grip of the young hero could Albrich ill abide,

Loud was the bold dwarf’s outcry: “I prithee now, have done;

An I could be the liegeman of any knight, save one

To whom I have sworn fealty to be his vassal aye,—

Rather than die, I'd serve thee!” the crafty one did say.

But Alberich was bound as the giant had been bound,

And by the strength of Siegfried much pain and trouble found.

The dwarf began to question: “How are you call’d?” quoth he,

He said: “My name is Siegfried: I should be known to thee!”

“That is a goodly hearing!” said Alberich the dwarf.

“Now know I of a surety what metal you are of,

And know you have good reason to lord it in the land.

If you my life will leave me, I’ll do what you command.”


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86

Thus spake the hero Siegfried: “Then must thou straightway go

And bring me of the warriors the best we have, I trow;

Of Nibelungs a thousand I fain would here behold.”

But wherefore these he wanted that was to no man told,

Of Albrich and the giant the fetters he unbound.

Then Alberich ran quickly to where the knights he found.

The Nibelungs he wakened from sleep right cautiously,

And said; “Up now, ye heroes! to Siegfried hasten ye!”

Then sprang they from their couches all ready at his call,—

A thousand active warriors equipp’d stood in the hall.

So went they unto Siegfried, who by himself did stand,

And fairly did he greet them,— some knelt to kiss his hand.

They lit full many a taper, pure wine for him they pour’d.

He thank’d them all for coming so promptly at his word.

Then spake he: “Ye must yonder with me across the flood!”

For this he found them ready, those heroes bold and good.

Full thirty hundred warriors had come at his behest;

From out their numbers took he a thousand of the best.

To these were brought their helmets, and all their gear to hand,—

Because he fain would lead them unto Brunhilda’s land.

He spake: “Ye good knights, hearken to that which now I say:

Your raiment should at court be exceeding rich and gay,—

For many a lovely woman will look on us, I trow;

So make your bodies handsome with good clothes ere we go.”


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VIII.]

All on a morning early the bold knights rode away.

What gallant comrades Siegfried had got himself that day!

They all had good war-horses, and garments rich and grand:

With knightly mien and bearing they came to Brunhild’s land.

Upon the turrets standing was many a winsome maid.

Then spake the queen: “Doth any know who be these,” she said,

“Whom I see sailing hither from o’er the sea so far?

Their sails be richly woven,— whiter than snow they are.”

And the Rhine-king made answer: “My warriors are they,

Whom I did on the journey bid near at hand to stay.

I sent to fetch them, lady, and here they come, I see.”

Whereon the noble strangers were eyed all wond’ringly.

For plainly saw they Siegfried upon the foredeck stand,

Arrayed in costly raiment, with all his warrior-band.

Then said the queen: “Now must you, my Lord King, counsel me:

Shall these new guests be welcomed? or shall I let them be?”

He spake: “Without the palace to meet them you should go,

As if we saw them gladly, that they may take it so.”

Then did the queen according unto the king’s behest;—

Though, in her greeting, Siegfried she sever’d from the rest.

A lodging was found for them, their goods were put in store.

And now so many strangers had landed en that shore,

That great the throng of folk was, whichever way one went.

The knights on sailing homewards to Burgundy were bent.


text: Wallenstein/The Death of Wallenstein/A1S11


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88

Then spake the Queen Brunhilda: “Right thankful should I be

To him who could my silver and gold divide for me

Between my guests and Gunther’s; an ample store I have.”

Then Dankwart said:—the liegeman of Giselher the brave—

“Most noble Queen and Lady, let me now have the key.

I trow I can divide it: if shame should fall on me,

So let it be mine only.” Thus spake the doughty thane,

That he a gentle knight was, was from his bearing plain.

As soon as Hagen’s brother the key had at command,

So rsany gifts and costly dispensed the hero’s hand:

To those who one mark needed, such bounty did he give,

That all the poorest, henceforth, in comfort well might live.

Pound pieces by the hundred he, without reck’ning, gave.

In clothing rich, full many that royal hall did leave

Who ne’er such splendid raiment before that time had worn.

This vexed the queen right sorely, it was not to be borne!

She spake, in her vexation: “Sir King, it seems to me

This chamberlain of yours is with all my goods so free

He soon will leave me nothing: he throws my gold away!

I shall be aye beholden to him who this can stay.

Such rich gifts doth he lavish, the thane must sure believe

I’ve sent for Death to take me: but I would longer live!

Whate’er my father left me I trow I well can spend.”

On such a spendthrift treasurer did never queen depend!”


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Rh the old regime in France. As early as 1580, Montaigne opened up the subject. His Essays (Les Essais, livre I, Chapter XXX on Cannibals are based upon direct observation of American Indian life. He had once met some Idoquois ambassadors and talked with them through an old frontiersman of New France. "They are savage or wild, just as we call the fruits produced by nature in due course of time wild." His rhapsodies were taken up by La Hontan and subsequently were embellished by Voltaire and Rosseau. To Voltaire's encyclopaedic information the American Indian was another illustration for the theory of the degradations of civilisation and the nobleness of savagery. "The Huron, the Algonquin, the Illinois, the Kaffir and the Hottentot know how to make everything they need; and this our boors cannot do. The peoples of Africa and America are free, but our savages are without even the idea of freedom"

Thus we find a great many different motivations at work. But again, it was a new phase of human activity—an effort to break loose from the old shackles and forge ahead. According to Wallace there is a double layer of mental and physical universes and it is the physical universe coming in contact with a finer sphere that starts a new phase in evolution. The Hindu seer-thinker, Satyasrayee (1892-1928), in his Bengali book on The Evolution of Universal Spiritual Life, has tried to show how, after the evolution of man from lower organic forms by descent of energy from higher mental spheres, there has been an evolution of higher and higher mental type-men in the human age itself. He takes up the seers in India who were contemporaries of Columbus and Luther in Europe, namely, Chaitanya (1485-1527), Kabir (1440-1518), Nanak (1469-1538), as examples of the dawn of such a new mental epoch in human culture carried further in the nineteenth century in the mental discoveries of such seer-thinkers as Ramkrishna, Sivadayal, Saligram,


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BHS/edd 47 (Mr. Alarcon de Quesada, Cuba) and, at the same time, I was following the text of the press release circulated by the United States Mission and containing the text of his statement. There were a number of additional paragraphs, additional ideas, which he inserted during his statement. However, there was one phrase which he left out, which is in the press release but was not spoken by Ambassador Pickering. I can understand his reasons for not wanting to pronounce it, and I am grateful to him for having spoken as he did.

The second paragraph on page 2 of the text circulated by the United States Mission contains a reference to 660 (1990), and thereafter it is stated that the Security Council must unequivocally establish today that the family of civilized nations will not tolerate such behaviour, that is, the behaviour of a State which, according to the text of the statement, fails to comply with the Council's decision. After this comes a phrase which disappeared from the statement as spoken by the representative of the United States. It is very short, containing just four words, and I shall quote it: not here, not ever.

That phrase could not be uttered because it highlights that inconsistency and that unacceptable selectivity of approach which the United States adopts with respect to this resolution. The United States really is not in a position to have these principles applied not merely here but also there and everywhere, not merely today but always, without fail. The reasons for this are, I think, more than evident, and there is no need to labour the point.

Because we are convinced that the draft resolution presented here does not really help to settle the conflict and because, moreover, we believe that it is based on an approach which should not be assumed by the international community, one which is motivated not by a desire to restore legality or to safeguard the legitimate rights of the Government of Kuwait but by a desire to foster the


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VIII.]

Then Hagen spake of Tronjé: “Fair lady, have no fear!

The king of the Rhine river hath gold enough, and gear

To lavish just as freely; and well may we forego

To take Brunhilda’s treasure when hence we homeward go.”

“Nay, for mine own sake, hear me,” the queen said, “for I will

Take with me twenty coffers, which I with gold will fill

And silken staffs, which also I’ll give with mine own hand,

When we come over yonder unto King Gunther’s land.”

With precious stones and jewels they did her coffers lade;

Her own lords of the chamber to help therewith she bade;

For she would put no trust in the men of Giselher.

Gunther, therefore, and Hagen began to laugh at her.

Then spake the Queen Brunhilda: “To whom leave I my land?

That first must be determimed by thine and mine own hand.”

The noble king made answer: “Let him forthwith appear

Who best thereto would please you,— we'll leave him steward here.”

One of her noblest kinsmen the lady to her bade,

(It was her mother’s brother) to him the maiden said:

“To you be now entrusted my castles and the land,

Until they come directly under King Gunther’s hand.”

Then did she of her people choose twenty hundred men,

Who with her to the Rhineland must make the voyage then,—

Beside the thousand warriors who came from Niblung land.

Then all to start made ready: they rode down to the strand.


text: Wallenstein/The Death of Wallenstein/A1S12


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BHS/edd 48 (Mr. Alarcon de Quesada, Cuba) strategic interests of a great Power which considers itself the master of the Middle East - for those reasons, my delegation cannot support this draft resolution.

The President: I thank the representative of Cuba for his kind words addressed to me.

Mr. Peñalosa (Colombia) (interpretation from Spanish): Since the earliest days of the creation of the United Nations, States have expressed their concern for the defence of life, liberty and independence and the preservation of human values from the use of force; they have recognized the need to maintain international peace and security and to establish an organization based upon the principle of the sovereign equality of peace-loving States. It was in that spirit of peace that the United Nations was founded, and it is that abiding spirit which has brought us here today.

Nevertheless, more than four decades have passed since that time, and the world has witnessed many instances of international conflicts, occupation and military confrontation, resulting in millions of deaths and incalculable material damage, which we were unable to prevent or resolve. On various occasions the Security Council expressed its condemnation but was unable to impose sanctions upon those responsible for the violation of the principles which we ourselves had formulated and respect, or upon those who refused to comply with the decisions of this Council.

In such situations the so-called veto power has prevailed, for reasons of a political nature. Had this not been the case, we could have created solid precedents which might have prevented the recurrence of the type of situation we are dealing with today. Colombia has, since the founding of the United Nations, pointed out the harm caused by the exercise of that discriminatory veto power, and we wish to take this opportunity to urge respect for and compliance with the


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90

Of women six and eighty along with her she took,

And eke a hundred maidens, who comely were in look.

Then they delay’d no longer,— they wearied to be gone;

But those they left behind them, these wept, ay, many a one!

With seemly grace the lady fared from her fatherland;

She kissed her nearest kinsmen, who stood on either hand.

With kindliest leave-takings they came unto the shore;—

To her forefathers’ country the lady came no more!

One heard of games of all kinds to pass the time away

And make the journey shorter: a hundred pastimes gay.

They had, too, for their voyage a right good sailing wind.

With merriment and laughter they left their land behind.

Not once upon the journey did she embrace her lord:

Until they reached his palace their pleasure was defer’d.

At Worms they, in the castle, their wedding feast would hold;

Where they, ere long, with gladness came with their heroes bold.

When they nine days had travel’d upon their homeward way,

Spake Hagen, lord of Tronjé: “Now hark to what I say!

We yet have sent no tidings to Worms upon the Rhine:

Your heralds should be, surely, in Burgundy long syne.”


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 on the left gathered the rest around him, and in a few moments the rustling and rushing of an invisible flock through the glades of the forest apprised us that we had started, though we could not see, the prey. Ergimo, who kept close beside me, and who had often witnessed the sport before, kept me informed of what was proceeding underneath us, of which I could see but little. Glimpses here and there showed that we were pursuing a numerous flock of large white-plumed or white-haired creatures, standing at most some four feet in height; but what they were, even whether birds or quadrupeds, their movements left me in absolute uncertainty. Worried and frightened by the falcons, which, however, never ventured to close upon them, they were gradually driven in the direction intended by the huntsman towards the open plain, which bordered the forest at a distance of about six miles to the northward. In half-an-hour after the "find," the leader of the flock broke out of the wood two or three hundred yards ahead of us, and was closely followed by his companions. I then recognised in the objects of the chase the strange thernee described by Eveena, whose long soft down furnished the cloak she wore on our visit to the Astronaut. Their general form, and especially the length and graceful curve of the neck, led one instinctively to regard them as birds; but the fore-limbs, drawn up as they ran, but now and then outstretched with a sweep to strike at a falcon that ventured imprudently near, had, in the distance, much more resemblance to the arm of a baboon than to the limb of any other creature, and bore no likeness whatever to the wing even of the bat. The object of the hunters was not to strike these crea-


text: The Lay of the Nibelungs/Chapter 8

title: The Lay of the Nibelungs/Chapter 8


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 tures from a distance, but to run them down and capture them by sheer exhaustion. This the great wing-power of the caldectaa enabled us to do, though by the time we had driven the thernee to bay my own Pegasus was fairly tired. The hunters, separating and spreading out in the form of a semicircle, assisted the movements of the hawks, driving the prey gradually into a narrow defile among the hills bordering the plain to the north-eastward, whose steep upward slope greatly hindered and fatigued creatures whose natural habitat consists of level plains or seabord forests. At last, under a steep half-precipitous rock which defended them in rear, and between clumps of trees which guarded either flank—protected by both overhead—the flock, at the call of their leader, took up a position which displayed an instinctive strategy, whereof an Indian or African chief might have been proud. The caldectaa, however, well knew the vast superiority of their own strength and of their formidable beaks, and did not hesitate to carry us close to but somewhat above the thernee, as these stood ranged in line with extended fore-limbs and snouts; the latter armed with teeth about an inch and a half in length tapering singly to a sharp point, the former with spikes stronger, longer, and sharper than those of the porcupine; but, as I satisfied myself by a subsequent inspection, formed by rudimentary, or, more properly speaking, transformed or degenerated quills. The bite was easily avoided. It was not so easy to keep out of reach of the powerful fore-limb while endeavouring to strike a fatal blow at the neck with the long rapier-like cutting weapons carried by the hunters. My own shorter and sharp sword, to which I


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 had trusted, preferring a familiar weapon to one, however suitable, to which I was not accustomed, left me no choice but to abandon the hope of active participation in the slaughter, or to venture dangerously near. Choosing the latter alternative, I received from the arm of the thernee I had singled out a blow which, caught upon my sword, very nearly smote it from my hand, and certainly would have disarmed at once any of my weaker companions. As it was, the stroke maimed the limb that delivered it; but with its remaining arm the creature maintained a fight so stubborn that, had both been available, the issue could not have been in my favour. This conflict reminded me singularly of an encounter with the mounted swordsmen of Scindiah and the Peishwah; all my experience of sword-play being called into use, and my brute opponent using its natural weapon with an instinctive skill not unworthy of comparison with that of a trained horse-soldier; at the same time that it constantly endeavoured to seize with its formidable snout either my own arm or the wing or body of the caldecta, which, however, was very well able to take care of itself. In fact, the prey was secured at last not by my sword but by a blow from the caldecta's beak, which pierced and paralysed the slender neck of our antagonist. Some twenty thernee formed the booty of a chase certainly novel, and possessing perhaps as many elements of peril and excitement as that finest of Earthly sports which the affected cynicism of Anglo-Indian speech degrades by the name of "pig-sticking."

When the falcons had been collected and recaged, and the bodies of the thernee consigned to a carriage


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 brought up for the purpose by a subordinate who had watched the hunters' course, our birds, from which we had dismounted, were somewhat rested; and Ergimo informed me that another and more formidable, as well as more valuable, prey was thought to be in sight a few miles off. Mounted on a fresh bird, and resolutely closing my ears to his urgent and reasonable dissuasion, I joined the smaller party which was detached for this purpose. As we were carried slowly at no great distance from the ground, managing our birds with ease by a touch on either side of the neck—they are spurred at need by a slight electric shock communicated from the hilt of the sword, and are checked by a forcible pressure on the wings—I asked Ergimo why the thernee were not rather shot than hunted, since utility, not sport, governs the method of capturing the wild beasts of Mars.

"We have," he replied, "two weapons adapted to strike at a distance. The asphyxiator is too heavy to be carried far or fast, and pieces of the shell inflict such injuries upon everything in the immediate neighbourhood of the explosion, as to render it useless where the value of the prey depends upon the condition of its skin. Our other and much more convenient, if less powerful, projective weapon has also its own disadvantage. It can be used only at short distances; and at these it is apt to burn and tear a skin so soft and delicate as that of the thernee. Moreover, it so terrifies the caldecta as to render it unmanageable; and we are compelled to dismount before using it, as you may presently see. Four or five of our party are now


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 armed with it, and I wish you had allowed me to furnish you with one."

"I prefer," I answered, "my own weapon, an air-gun which I can fire sixteen times without reloading, and which will kill at a hundred yards' distance. With a weapon unknown to me I might not only fail altogether, but I might not improbably do serious injury, by my clumsiness and inexperience, to my companions."

"I wish, nevertheless," he said, "that you carried the mordyta. You will have need of an efficient weapon if you dismount to share the attack we are just about to make. But I entreat you not to do so. You can see it all in perfect safety, if only you will keep far enough away to avoid danger from the fright of your bird."

As he spoke, we had come into proximity to our new game, a large and very powerful animal, about four feet high at the shoulders, and about six feet from the head to the root of the tail. The latter carries, as that of the lion was fabled to do, a final claw, not to lash the creature into rage, but for the more practical purpose of striking down an enemy endeavouring to approach it in flank or rear. Its hide, covered with a long beautifully soft fur, is striped alternately with brown and yellow, the ground being a sort of silver-grey. The head resembles that of the lion, but without the mane, and is prolonged into a face and snout more like those of the wild boar. Its limbs are less unlike those of the feline genus than any other Earthly type, but have three claws and a hard pad in lieu of the soft cushion. The upper jaw is armed with two formidable tusks about twelve inches in


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 length, and projecting directly forwards. A blow from the claw-furnished tail would plough up the thigh or rip open the abdomen of a man. A stroke from one of the paws would fracture his skull, while a wound from the tusk in almost any part of the body must prove certainly fatal. Fortunately, the kargynda has not the swiftness of movement belonging to nearly all our feline races, otherwise its skins, the most valuable prize of the Martial hunter, would yearly be taken at a terrible cost of life. Two of these creatures were said to be reposing in a thick jungle of reeds bordering a narrow stream immediately in our front. The hunters, with Ergimo, now dismounted and advanced some two hundred yards in front of their birds, directing the latter to turn their heads in the opposite direction. I found some difficulty in making my wish to descend intelligible to the docile creature which carried me, and was still in the air when one of the enormous creatures we were hunting rushed out of its hiding-place. The nearest hunter, raising a shining metal staff about three and a half feet in length (having a crystal cylinder at the hinder end, about six inches in circumference, and occupying about one-third the entire length of the weapon), levelled it at the beast. A flash as of lightning darted through the air, and the creature rolled over. Another flash from a similar weapon in the hands of another hunter followed. By this time, however, my bird was entirely unmanageable, and what happened I learned afterwards from Ergimo. Neither of the two shots had wounded the creature, though the near passage of the first had for a moment stunned and overthrown him. His rush among the party dispersed


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 them all, but each being able to send forth from his piece a second flash of lightning, the monster was mortally wounded before they fairly started in pursuit of their scared birds, which—their attention being called by the roar of the animal, by the crash accompanying each flash, and probably above all by the restlessness of my own caldecta in their midst—had flown off to some distance. My bird, floundering forwards, flung me to the ground about two hundred yards from the jungle, fortunately at a greater distance from the dying but not yet utterly disabled prey. Its companion now came forth and stood over the tortured creature, licking its sores till it expired. By this time I had recovered the consciousness I had lost with the shock of my fall, and had ascertained that my gun was safe. I had but time to prepare and level it when, leaving its dead companion, the brute turned and charged me almost as rapidly as an infuriated elephant. I fired several times, and assured, if only from my skill as a marksman, that some of the shots had hit it, was surprised to see that at each it was only checked for a moment and then resumed its charge. It was so near now that I could aim with some confidence at the eye; and if, as I suspected, the previous shots had failed to pierce the hide, no other aim was likely to avail. I levelled, therefore, as steadily as I could at its blazing eyeballs and fired three or four shots, still without doing more than arrest or rather slacken its charge, each shot provoking a fearful roar of rage and pain. I fired my last within about twenty yards, and then, before I could draw my sword, was dashed to the ground with a violence that utterly stunned me. When I recovered my senses,


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 Ergimo was kneeling beside me pouring down my throat the contents of a small phial; and as I lifted my head and looked around, I saw the enormous carcass from under which I had been dragged lying dead almost within reach of my hand. One eye was pierced through the very centre, the other seriously injured. But such is the creature's tenacity of life, that, though three balls were actually in its brain, it had driven home its charge, though far too unconscious to make more than convulsive and feeble use of any of its formidable weapons. When I fell it stood for perhaps a second, and then dropped senseless upon my lower limbs, which were not a little bruised by its weight. That no bone was broken or dislocated by the shock, deadened though it must have been by the repeated pauses in the kargynda's charge and by its final exhaustion, was more than I expected or could understand. Before I rose to my feet, Ergimo had peremptorily insisted on the abandonment of the further excursion we had intended, declaring that he could not answer to his Sovereign, after so severe a lesson, for my exposure to any future peril. The Camptâ had sent him to bring me into his presence for purposes which would not be fulfilled by producing a lifeless carcass, or a maimed and helpless invalid; and the discipline of the Court and central Administration allowed no excuse for disobedience to orders or failure in duty. My protest was very quickly silenced. On attempting to stand, I found myself so shaken, torn, and shattered that I could not again mount a caldecta or wield a weapon; and was carried back to Askinta on a sort of inclined litter placed upon the carriage which had conveyed our booty.


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 I was mortified, as we approached the place where our vessel lay, to observe a veiled female figure on the deck. Eveena's quick eye had noted our return some minutes before, and inferred from the early abandonment of the chase some serious accident. Happily our party were so disposed that I had time to assume the usual position before she caught sight of me. I could not, however, deceive her by a desperate effort to walk steadily and unaided. She stood by quietly and calmly while the surgeon of the hunters dressed my hurts, observing exactly how the bandages and lotions were applied. Only when we were left alone did she in any degree give way to an agitation by which she feared to increase my evident pain and feverishness. It was impossible to satisfy her that black bruises and broad gashes meant no danger, and would be healed by a few days' rest. But when she saw that I could talk and smile as usual, she was unsparing in her attempts to coax from me a pledge that I would never again peril life or limb to gratify my curiosity regarding the very few pursuits in which, for the highest remuneration, Martialists can be induced to incur the probability of injury and the chance of that death they so abjectly dread. Scarcely less reluctant to repeat the scolding she felt so acutely than to employ the methods of rebuke she deemed less severe, I had no little difficulty in evading her entreaties. Only a very decided request to drop the subject at once and for ever, enforced on her conscience by reminding her that it would be enforced no otherwise, at last obtained me peace without the sacrifice of liberty.


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BHS/edd 49-50 (Mr. Peñalosa, Colombia) principles of international law, the primacy of which underlies coexistence, harmony and universal peace.

We note with satisfaction and a sense of optimism that on this occasion the five permanent members of the Security Council are acting unanimously to condemn and impose sanctions against the use of force, the violation of Kuwait's sovereignty and territorial integrity by a State Member of the United Nations.

Colombia has supported and joined in sponsoring this draft resolution, which establishes such measures, a development of 660 (1990), adopted last week. We have done so because we regard those measures not only as just but also as constituting a historic precedent and a warning for the future course of relations in the international community.


text: Across the Zodiac: the Story of a Wrecked Record/Volume 2/Chapter 15


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JSM/pt 51 (Mr. Peñalosa, Colombia) Success in the implementation of today's measures will affect the future of many States and millions of human beings around the world, all the more so because, with the changes in international politics, there are increasing possibilities of regional confrontation. It is in a positive spirit that we view the negative consequences which may result for the world from the imposition of these sanctions, which are bound to have an impact upon vast areas of international economic life and development, for they simply have to be adopted for the sake of peace and future generations.

Mr. Al-Ashtal (Yemen) (interpretation from Arabic): I should like to put before the Council some comments concerning the draft resolution before us. Since the outbreak of the present conflict between Iraq and Kuwait, the Republic of Yemen has not ceased to exert continuous efforts to contain the conflict between these two brotherly countries. We have tried to discuss and deal with all issues in a spirit of understanding and within the framework of the one Arab family in a way that would consolidate Arab solidarity, keep the region free from foreign intervention, guarantee the consolidation of national Arab security, and spare it from danger.

In this respect, brother Ali Abdulla Salah, President of the Republic of Yemen, has undertaken during the last three days visits to Iraq, Egypt and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. He met with the leaders of these three countries to discuss the prevailing conflict. He also received brother Taha Yassin Ramadhan, member of the Revolutionary Command Council and the Deputy Premier of Iraq, to whom he delivered a letter to his brother, President Saddam Hussein. President Salah confirmed the need for the speedy withdrawal of Iraqi forces from the territory of brotherly Kuwait.


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 we saw this, we cowered down, and leaned each of us a knee upon the ground, pointing the pistols through the bush, with an aim so steady, that it was impossible to miss our victim.

He came deliberately on, pausing at times so long, that we dreaded he was going to turn. Gil-Martin dreaded it, and I said I did, but wished in my heart that he might. He, however, came onward, and I will never forget the manner in which he came! No—I don't believe I ever can forget it, either in the narrow bounds of time or the ages of eternity! He was a boardly ill-shaped man, of a rude exterior, and a little bent with age; his hands were clasped behind his back, and below his coat, and he walked with a slow swinging air that was very peculiar. When he paused and looked abroad on nature, the act was highly impressive: he seemed conscious of being all alone, and conversant only with God and the elements of his creation. Never was there such a picture of human inadvertency! a man approaching step by step to the one that was to hurl him out of one existence into another, with as much ease and indifference as the ox goeth to the stall. Hideous vi-


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 sion, wilt thou not be gone from my mental sight! If not, let me bear with thee as I can! When he came straight opposite to the muzzles of our pieces, Gil-Martin called out "Eh!" with a short quick sound. The old man, without starting, turned his face and breast toward us, and looked into the wood, but looked over our heads. Now!" whispered my companion, and fired. But my hand refused the office, for I was not at that moment sure about becoming an assassin in the cause of Christ and his Church. I thought I heard a sweet voice behind me, whispering me to beware, and I was going to look round, when my companion exclaimed, "Coward, we are ruined!"

I had no time for an alternative: Gil-Martin's ball had not taken effect, which was altogether wonderful, as the old man's breast was within a few yards of him. "Hilloa!" cried Blanchard; "what is that for, you dog!" and with that he came forward to look over the bush. I hesitated, as I said, and attempted to look behind me; but there was no time: the next step discovered two assassins lying in covert, waiting for blood. "Coward, we are ruined!" cried my indignant friend; and that moment my piece was discharged. The effect was as


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 might have been expected: the old man first stumbled to one side, and then fell on his back. We kept our places, and I perceived my companion's eyes gleaming with an unnatural joy. The wounded man raised himself from the bank to a sitting posture, and I beheld his eyes swimming; he, however, appeared sensible, for we heard him saying in a low and rattling voice, "Alas, alas! whom have I offended, that they should have been driven to an act like this! Come forth and shew yourselves, that I may either forgive you before I die, or curse you in the name of the Lord." He then fell a-groping with both hands on the ground, as if feeling for something he had lost, manifestly in the agonies of death; and, with a solemn and interrupted prayer for forgiveness, he breathed his last.

I had become rigid as a statue, whereas my associate appeared to be elevated above measure. "Arise, thou faint-hearted one, and let us be going," said he. "Thou hast done well for once; but wherefore hesitate in such a cause? This is but a small beginning of so great a work as that of purging the Christian world. But the first victim is a worthy one, and more of such lights must be extinguished immediately."


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 We touched not our victim, nor any thing pertaining to him, for fear of staining our hands with his blood; and the firing having brought three men within view, who were hasting towards the spot, my undaunted companion took both the pistols, and went forward as with intent to meet them, bidding me shift for myself. I ran off in a contrary direction, till I came to the foot of the Pearman Sike, and then, running up the hollow of that, I appeared on the top of the bank as if I had been another man brought in view by hearing the shots in such a place. I had a full view of a part of what passed, though not of all. I saw my companion going straight to meet the men, apparently with a pistol in every hand, waving in a careless manner. They seemed not quite clear of meeting with him, and so he went straight on, and passed between them. They looked after him, and came onward; but when they came to the old man lying stretched in his blood, then they turned and pursued my companion, though not so quickly as they might have done; and I understood that from the first they saw no more of him.

Great was the confusion that day in Glasgow. The most popular of all their preachers of morali-


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 ty was (what they called) murdered in cold blood, and a strict and extensive search was made for the assassin. Neither of the accomplices was found, however, that is certain, nor was either of them so much as suspected; but another man was apprehended under circumstances that warranted suspicion.—This was one of the things that I witnessed in my life, which I never understood, and it surely was one of my patron's most dexterous tricks, for I must still say, what I have thought from the beginning, that like him there never was a man created. The young man who was taken up was a preacher; and it was proved that he had purchased fire arms in town, and gone out with them that morning. But the far greatest mystery of the whole was, that two of the men, out of the three who met my companion, swore, that that unfortunate preacher was the man whom they met with a pistol in each hand, fresh from the death of the old divine. The poor fellow made a confused speech himself, which there is not the least doubt was quite true; but it was laughed to scorn, and an expression of horror ran through both the hearers and jury. I heard the whole trial, and so did Gil-Martin; but we left the journeyman preacher to


text: An Icelandic-English Dictionary/Classification of Works and Authors Cited in this Dictionary