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 Rh it is explained that Iblis did not prostrate himself.

(4) Muhkam.—Perspicuous sentences, the meaning of which is incontrovertible: e. g. Súra-i-Máida (v.), 98, "He (God) knoweth all things."

Hidden sentences are either Khafí, Mushkil, Mujmal, or Mutashábih.

(1) Khafí.—Sentences in which other persons or things are hidden beneath the plain meaning of a word or expression contained therein: e. g. Súra-i-Máida (v.), 42, "As for a thief whether male or female cut ye off their hands in recompense for their doings." In this sentence the word Sáriq, "thief," is understood to have hidden beneath its literal meaning, both pickpockets and highway robbers.

(2) Mushkil.—Sentences which are ambiguous: e.g. Súra-i-Dahr (lxxvi.), 15, "Vessels of silver and decanters which are of glass, decanters of glass with silver whose measure they shall mete."

(3) Mujmal.—Sentences which are compendious, and have many interpretations: e. g.


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. She seems much brighter.

. Don't you think a change would do her good?

. A change would do every one of us good. I must be going; I still have two or three visits to make.

. Do you find much sickness?

. Much as usual. I have no reason for complaint.

. You are not losing many patients?

. The death-rate is not as active as might be wished.

. Heavens! What a dreadful thing to say!

. Not that I wish any man harm. Few should die, but let them be well selected. That is what I had in mind when I said that it was not as active as might be wished. Good night, Doña Carmen. Good night, Luisita. [To ] My regards to your brother and to your intended.

. Thanks. I shall remember you to them both.

. He is still your intended?

. Oh, yes indeed! Our engagement, as you may suppose, is quite serious. We are not children.

. Don't come to the door. Doña Carmen. I insist…

. [At the rear] Ramona, open the door for Don Hilario. Good evening, Don Hilario.

. Don Hilario is a nice man.

. He is so honest.

. As a physician, I should say he was entirely out of date.

. We are not in a position to judge. At least Don Hilario does not deceive us; he recommends no unnecessary expense.

. Yes, that is more than can be said of all doctors. We always suffered from a perfect plague of diseases

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The head of Orion is marked by two small stars and a larger one. These stars form a tiny triangle named Meissa, which means "The Head of the Giant." The three stars form rather a small head for the rest of the giant's well proportioned body, so they are sometimes placed on the side of his head and sometimes as beauty-spots upon his face, according to the fancy of the artist who portrays him. The triangle is faint but very easily seen and a happy addition to the figure; without them, or if they happened to lie in another position, the constellation might well have represented something other than a giant.

There is a curious optical illusion which occurs when the moon is among these stars, for the big, round full face of the moon actually passes through the sides of this (seemingly) tiny triangle. But one must be on the alert to view this interesting occurrence for the Moon-goddess travels swiftly in her chariot over the sky and leaves even her lover no more than a passing caress. The explanation is, that the triangle of stars on Orion's head appears small in comparison with the great quadrilateral figure which lies below it, and the delusion as to the size of the moon is accounted for partly as a result of its brightness (the bright rays spreading its image on the retina), and partly because there is nothing in the sky with which to compare it. When the moon rises behind a tree on the hillside it seems a mammoth thing, a silver ball so huge that it seems almost absurd to state that it can flit between the sides of Orion's triangle. Yet the closer it comes to Orion's head the smaller does it seem to become and the larger becomes the triangle. When the two touch sides, the triangle is seen to be large enough to contain the moon, which slides through without touching its stars.

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 34 Súra-i-Máʾrij (lxx.), 19, "Man truly is by creation hasty."

(4) Mutashábih.—Intricate sentences, or expressions, the exact meaning of which it 1s impossible for man to ascertain until the day of resurrection, but which was known to the Prophet: e. g. the letters Alif, Lám, Mím (A. L. M.); Alif, Lám, Rá (A. L. R.); Alif, Lám, Mím, Rá (A. L. M. R.), etc., at the commencement of different Súras or chapters. Also Súra-i-Mulk (lxvii.) 1, "In whose hand is the Kingdom," i. e. God's hand (Arabic, yad); and Súra-i-Twá H (xx.), "He is most merciful and sitteth on His throne," i. e. God sitteth (Arabic, istawá); and Súra-i-Baqr (ii.),115, "The face of God" (Arabic, waj-ullah).

III. The use (istiʾmál) of words in the Qurán is divided into four classes. They are either Haqíqat, Majáz, Saríh, or Kináyah.

(1) Haqíqat.—Words which are used in their literal meaning: e. g. rukú, a prostration; ziná, adultery.

(2) Majáz.—Words which are figurative.

(3) Saríh.—Words the meaning of which is


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 at our house. Poor papa went through three operations in eight years, which he never recovered from; the misfortunes of our family date from that time. As for Aunt Virginia, everybody knows she was insane for five years after her husband returned from the Philippines, when she thought he was dead. Naturally, it was a good deal of a shock. My brother and I, fortunately, do not know what it means to have a doctor in the house, nor to take medicine either, except a little Carabaña water now and then before retiring at night. So no wonder I am apprehensive. Generally, the person you think is the strongest and healthiest is taken, and he is lucky if he ever gets up. González Flores's wife was telling me yesterday about one of their friends. They subscribed to a box at the Opera together. When their turn came, there she sat with them in the box, but by the time their turn came round again they had a corpse on their hands, so now they are trying to change the box. The number is thirteen and they are becoming superstitious.

. We must avoid these sad subjects on Luisita's account.

. Oh, yes! I beg your pardon. All the same, they are fascinating.

. How is it that you are alone to-night?

. My brother and Galán are right on my heels; I left them at home working. My brother was dictating some papers to Galán, so I decided not to wait. Ah, I have good news for you! Galán receives his promotion next month; he has the Minister's promise.

. Congratulations.

. I suppose, then, you will marry at once?

. No, we plan to do nothing rash. Until his salary has been increased to sixteen thousand pesetas, it is out of the question. I have wailed seven years already, so we shall not mind an additional three or four.


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Although most popularly known as the "Belt of Orion," this Belt is also known by other names. In the Book of Job it is referred to as the "Bands of Orion"; in the mythology of Greece and Rome, as the arrow with which Diana killed the hunter when he was wading in the sea, and in the mythology of Northern races, as Frigga's jeweled Spinning Wheel with which the Goddess wove the long threads of fleecy clouds. Miss Proctor says that the Eskimos believe that the stars may be three seal hunters who have lost their way, and call them the "Lost Ones," although they also think that the Belt resembles three steps cut in a snowbank. The native Australians unite the Belt stars in a picture with the Pleiad group above Orion's shoulder and, according to Allen, imagine them as three young men "dancing a corroboree" while the Pleiades are the maidens playing for them. In England the Belt is called the "Ell and Yard," the "Yard Wand" and the "Golden Yard," because its stars are equidistant like a measuring rod; it is also called "Jacob's Staff" and sometimes the stars are called the "Three Kings," although the Germans call them the "Three Mowers." Far south on the hot deserts, the Arabs see the Belt stars as a "String of Pearls" and the Arabian astronomers, giving each pearl a name, called the first Mintaka, the second Alnilam and the third Alnitak. Other countries have called the stars "The Spangles" and "The Golden Grains," while Tennyson speaks of them as being "burnished by the frosty dark," which is the poet's way of saying that the stars of the Giant's Belt are exceptionally beautiful.

Modern astronomers turning their telescopes upon the stars of

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 this Belt note that there is more to be seen here than meets the unaided eye, for suspended from either side, like an added attempt at decoration, hang tiny stars of different sizes, daintily colored. Mintaka (δ), the double star on the west, is a white and pale violet, of the 2nd and the 7th magnitudes. Alnitak (ζ) on the lower end to the southeast, is a topaz-yellow, light purple and gray, of the 2nd, 6th and 10th magnitudes. The faint star just below Alnitak is composed of an exquisite group of delicate stars of various colors.

If the north pole of our earth was shot out like a dart, it would hit the dome of our sky somewhere in the vicinity of the North Star. Likewise, if the earth's equator could be conceived of as swelling and swelling and swelling, it would hit Orion just about at the top star of his belt. The circular line where this imaginary terrestrial hoop would fit against the heavens is called the celestial equator and it, of course, is in a position equally distant between the two heavenly poles. A good way to remember just where the celestial equator passes is noticing the pathway which the star mentioned above traces in its journey from east to west. A teacher of astronomy would now add that not only is the terrestrial equator marked as the celestial equator in the sky, but every meridian of the 'swollen' earth is traced up there as an hour circle, all of the hour circles being fastened in a great framework to both poles, as they are on earth. But instead of latitude the astronomer says declination, and in place of longitude he says right ascension, just as in place of meridian, he says hour circle. He then can designate the places of the stars in the sky in exactly the manner in which he designates the position of a sea or a city on the earth and as large telescopes are provided with equatorial mountings, so that their axes conform with that of our earth, objects in the sky can be located by the use of graduated circles and verniers, thus greatly facilitating astronomical research.

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Wikisource:WikiProject Film/Library of Congress National Film Registry Listing

These films have been selected by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant." The goal of the National Film Registry is to assure the long-term preservation of them for future generations.

Following films are in the public domain in the United States.

century

 * Newark Athlete (1891)
 * Blacksmith Scene (1893)
 * Dickson Experimental Sound Film (1894-1895)
 * Edison Kinetoscopic Record of a Sneeze (1894)
 * The Kiss (1896)
 * Rip Van Winkle (1896)
 * Corbett-Fitzsimmons Title Fight (1897)
 * Mardi Gras Carnival (1898)
 * Something Good—Negro Kiss (1898)

1901–1905

 * Demolishing and Building up the Star Theatre (1901)
 * (1901)
 * Ringling Bros. Parade Film (1902)
 * Emigrants Landing at Ellis Island (1903)
 * Life of an American Fireman (1903)
 * The Great Train Robbery (1903)
 * Westinghouse Works 1904 (1904)
 * Interior New York Subway, 14th Street to 42nd Street (1905)

1906–1910

 * Dream of a Rarebit Fiend (1906)
 * San Francisco Earthquake & Fire: April 18, 1906 (1906)
 * A Trip Down Market Street (1906)
 * Dixon-Wanamaker Expedition to Crow Agency (1908)
 * A Corner in Wheat (1909)
 * Lady Helen's Escapade (1909)
 * (1909)
 * Jeffries–Johnson World's Championship Boxing Contest (1910)
 * White Fawn's Devotion (1910)

1911 ✅

 * Little Nemo (1911)

1912

 * Musketeers of Pig Alley
 * The Cry of the Children
 * A Cure for Pokeritis
 * From the Manger to the Cross
 * The Land Beyond the Sunset

1913

 * Suspense
 * Bert Williams Lime Kiln Club Field Day
 * The Evidence of the Film
 * Matrimony's Speed Limit
 * Preservation of the Sign Language
 * Traffic in Souls

1914

 * Kid Auto Races at Venice
 * The Bargain
 * The Exploits of Elaine
 * Gertie
 * In the Land of the Head Hunters
 * Mabel's Blunder
 * The Perils of Pauline
 * Tess of the Storm Country
 * Uncle Tom's Cabin
 * The Wishing Ring: an Idyll of Old England

1915

 * The Birth of a Nation
 * The Cheat
 * Fatty's Tintype Tangle
 * A Fool There Was
 * The Italian
 * Regeneration

1916

 * 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea
 * Civilization
 * The Curse of Quon Gwon
 * Hell's Hinges
 * Intolerance
 * Shoes
 * Where Are My Children?

1917

 * The Girl Without a Soul
 * The Immigrant
 * The Poor Little Rich Girl
 * Unmasked
 * Wild and Woolly

1918

 * Bread
 * The Sinking of the Lusitania
 * The Blue Bird

1919

 * Jubilo
 * Broken Blossoms
 * The Dragon Painter
 * A Virtuous Vamp

1920

 * Daughter of Dawn
 * Heroes All
 * Humoresque
 * The Last of the Mohicans
 * The Making of an American
 * The Mark of Zorro
 * One Week
 * Within Our Gates

1921 ✅

 * The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse
 * The Kid
 * Manhatta
 * Tol'able David

1922

 * Cops
 * Foolish Wives
 * Miss Lulu Bett
 * Nanook of the North
 * Sky High
 * Two-Color Kodachrome Test Shots No. III

1923 ✅

 * Safety Last!
 * Salomé

1924

 * The Navigator
 * He Who Gets Slapped
 * Reverend Solomon Sir Jones films
 * The Chechahcos
 * Greed
 * The Iron Horse
 * Peter Pan
 * Sherlock, Jr.
 * The Thief of Bagdad

1925

 * Body and Soul
 * A Tale of the Christ
 * The Big Parade
 * Clash of the Wolves
 * The Freshman
 * The Gold Rush
 * Grass
 * Lady Windermere's Fan
 * The Lost World
 * The Phantom of the Opera
 * Theodore Case Sound Test: Gus Visser and His Singing Duck

1926 ✅

 * The Flying Ace
 * The Black Pirate
 * Ella Cinders
 * Hands Up!
 * Mighty Like a Moose
 * So's Your Old Man
 * The Son of the Sheik
 * The Strong Man

1927

 * The Battle of the Century
 * Flesh and the Devil
 * The General
 * It
 * The Jazz Singer
 * The Life and Death of 9413: a Hollywood Extra (1928?)
 * 7th Heaven
 * Stark Love
 * Sunrise: A Song of Two Humans
 * Wings

1928

 * The Beau Brummels
 * Steamboat Bill, Jr.
 * The Cameraman
 * The Crowd
 * The Docks of New York
 * The Fall of the House of Usher
 * Fox Movietone News: Jenkins Orphanage Band
 * The Last Command
 * Lonesome
 * Pass the Gravy
 * The Power of the Press
 * The Sex Life of the Polyp
 * Show People
 * Steamboat Willie
 * There It Is
 * The Wedding March
 * The Wind (1928 film)

Reference

 * Complete National Film Registry Listing


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 pose, among a lot of bachelors. I should think he must be quite comfortable and happy.

The governors and the senators have gone, too. I have kissed Father good night, and sent Maggie away, for I could n't bear the sight of her to-night, and had hard work not to tell her so. And now Job and I are locked in. Job is asleep in his basket bed by the window; and when the June-beetles hit on the screen, he growls in his dreams, for there never was anybody so intelligent as Job; but when the moths come, they are so beautiful and so stealthy, he does not growl. As I write, they whirl and flit, and retreat and advance, and yield and persist, like half-embodied souls entangled in some eternal game. That invisible barrier between them and delight and death seems to tantalize them beyond endurance.

It is eleven o'clock.

is half-past eleven. I have n't begun to undress. I think there never was anything worse than the weather to-night. I cannot get breath enough to think. Job squirms about in his basket, and sits up and begs like a china dog in a country grocery. I think he wants a walk. I believe I 'll slip out into the garden with him; I 've done it before, as late as this. The moon


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 Rh clear and palpable: e. g. "Thou art free," "Thou art divorced."

(4) Kináyah.—Words which are metaphorical in their meaning: e. g. "Thou art separated; by which may be meant "thou art divorced."

IV. The deduction of arguments, or istidlál, as expressed in the Qurán, is divided into four sections: ʾIbárat, Ishárat, Dalálat, and Iqtizá.

(1) ʾIbárat.—The plain sentence.

(2) Ishárat.—A sign or hint: e. g. "Born of him;" meaning, of course, the father.

(3) Dalálat.—The argument arising from a word or expression: e. g. Súra-i-Baní Isráíl (xvii.), 23, "Say not unto your parents fie" (Arabic, uff); from which it is argued that children are not either to abuse or beat their parents.

(4) Iqtizá.—Demanding certain conditions: e. g. Súra-i-Nisá (iv.), 91, "Whoso killeth a Mumin (believer) by mischance shall be bound to free a slave.: Here the condition demanded is that the slave shall be the property of the person who frees him.

An acquaintance with the use of these


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 is as bright as an army with banners. There is something martial and terrible about it—it seems to move right over one, as if it had orders to prepare for a vast battle of the elements. I believe there 'll be a tremendous easterly storm to-morrow. I always know before the weather bureau does when an easterly is on the way. Perhaps I may come to my senses out in the garden.

is twelve o'clock—it is, to be precise, half-past twelve o'clock.

I did come to my senses out in the garden—or I lost them forever, and the terrible thing is that I cannot tell which.

For Job and I went out into the garden, and the world was as white as death, and as warm as life, and we plunged into the night as if we plunged into a bath of warmth and whiteness—and I ran faster than Job. The yellow June lilies are out, and the purple fleurs-de-lis; the white climber is in blossom on the tree-house, and the other roses—oh, the roses! There was such a scent of everything in one—a lily-honey-iris-rose perfume—that I felt drowned in it, as if I had been one flower trying to become another, or doomed to become others still. It was as quiet as paradise. I ran up the steps to


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88 to the supplying canal, and are always fenced with some care (pl., a). Before the Pimas obtained barbed wire from the Government the fences were of willow wattling or the tops of mesquite trees and various kinds of brush. When a tract was newly brought under irrigation a committee of six men was chosen to make allotments to those who had assisted in digging the ditches. They chose the best land for themselves, which seems to have been taken as a matter of course, in a measure compensating for their trouble. The plots were from 100 to 200 "steps" (see p. 93) in width, according to the number in the family to whom they were allotted. The brush was not difficult to remove even with the primitive implements at their command; the mesquite trees were not cut down, but their lower branches were trimmed so that they did not shade the ground to any considerable extent.

The canals were dug with the digging stick and shovel (fig. 10, a, b), the former being also used to prepare the easily pulverized ground and to plant the seed. In addition to the digging stick and shovel the primitive agriculturists also used a wooden implement which served the purpose of a hoe, though it resembled a weaver's batten in appearance (fig. 10, c). In comparatively recent times the wooden plow (fig. 11) was added to the list of implements. From the Mexicans they also obtained a hybrid implement (fig. 10, d) that combined the functions of spade and hoe. At the present time the tribe is supplied with modern agricultural implements by the Government. The crops, however, are stored in much the same way that was followed in prehistoric times, in circular bins of willow, arrow bush, and wheat straw, the last having been used since the introduction of wheat.

One of the Pima villages (pl., b) situated southwest of the Maricopa wells was too far from the river to obtain water from it and depended, as do their kinsfolk and neighbors, the Kwahadkʼs, already referred to, on flood irrigation. To secure the benefit of this, they cleared fields on mesa slopes, over which water from the surrounding hills might be conducted whenever there were summer rains. Around the lower sides of the diminutive fields low dikes were raised to catch and retain the water. On the slopes of the Santan hills north of the present Pima village of Santan there are several hundred acres of stony mesa that have been cleared and cultivated (pl. a, b). The rocks have been gathered in rows that inclose rectangular areas of but a few square yards in extent. There are about six clumps of creosote bush inclosed in it. This locality adjoins a large ancient canal and

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One of the most impressive spectacles in the sky lies on the center of the Sword of Orion. This Sword is adorned with three stars, the central one appearing misty, "like an eye in tears." A large telescope discloses that this is not a star after all but beautiful cloudy masses of nebulæ, which cover the whole central part of the constellation. A photograph uncovers a still further surprise (for the eye of a camera is more sensitive to light than the eye at a telescope), and one sees then that the nebula spreads in all directions, over and beyond most of the stars on the Hunter's figure.

Vast masses of dark nebulæ in the Nebula of Orion are also effectively revealed in telescopes. The dark nebula is visible in the photographs as veil-like clouds obscuring the light of the stars beyond them, or, again, as definitely outlined black blotches lying like some huge object on a brilliantly glowing background. Such a 'blotch' is the Dark Bay or Dark Horse Nebula in Orion whose photograph is so fearfully suggestive and wonderfully beautiful.

Nebulous clouds are, in general, dark rather than luminous. These clouds are believed by many astronomers to be cosmic dust-particles driven out from bright stars. These particles finally col-

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] an extensive ruin of a stone pueblo. Learning that the chief had declared that these fields had been cultivated within the memory of living men, the writer sent for him, but learned on questioning that neither he nor any other Pima knew aught about them. All the fields, canals, and cleared roads over the lava hills that appear in plate, c were the work of the Hohokam.

The work of clearing the fields, planting, and irrigating devolved upon the men. The women harvested the crops, carrying the products in their kiâhâs. The men thrashed the wheat—with horses after those animals were introduced. Prior to that time, and even now when the crop is small, the women beat out the grain with straight sticks. As it was thrashed, the women winnowed it in baskets and piled it on a cotton cloth, the corners of which were tied together, forming a sort of sack that was thrown upon a horse and taken by the men to the storehouse or brought in sacks on their heads by the women (fig. 6). Pumpkins and all crops except wheat were carried by the women in their kiâhâs. Considering the fact that the Pimas were constantly harassed by the Apaches, so that the men could not safely lay aside their bows during any waking moment, this distribution of labor was not discreditable to them.

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82

A tree, attaining 100–120 feet in height, with a stem 2 to 3 feet in diameter above Its enlarged base. Branches crowded to the ground, with slender, pendulous branchlets, which are often 7 to 8 feet in length and sparsely covered in their first and second seasons with greyish pubescence. Pulvini long and slender, directed forwards. Leaves often nearly an inch long, rounded on both surfaces, the dorsal surface keeled and bearing 10 to 12 rows of stomata, the ventral surface dark green, shining with a prominent midrib, apex obtuse or short pointed. The leaves, on account of the shoots being pendulous, are radially arranged (never pseudo-distichous), their apices pointing outwards and downwards.

Cones on short stalks (¼ inch), oblong-cylindrical, gradually narrowed from the middle to each end, 2½ to 5 inches long by ¾ to 1 inch wide; scales broadly obovate with entire rounded margins; bracts minute, concealed, oblong, with denticulate upper margin. Seed with long wing (three times the length of the seed itself). The cones are pendent, greenish, or purplish green when fully grown, becoming dull brown when ripe, and open to let out the seed in autumn, but generally remain on the branches till the winter of the following year.

This tree has a more limited range than any other spruce, being confined, so far as we know at present, to a few stations in northern California and southwestern Oregon, on the Siskiyou Mountains, where it was discovered at an elevation of about 7000 feet, in June 1884, by Mr. Thomas Howell, who directed me to the best place from which the locality can be approached, a settlement called Waldo, about 40 miles west of Grant's Pass station, on the Southern Pacific Railway.

I went to this station in August 1904 with the intention of visiting Waldo; but finding that Messrs. Jack and Rehder, of the Arnold Arboretum, had just returned, and hearing from them that there were no cones on the trees in that year, I did not feel inclined to spend three days on the trip. I am, however, much indebted to these able botanists for the following information, and especially to Mr. Rehder for a beautiful negative of the tree, which is here reproduced (Plate 29).

There seems to be only a small grove of the trees about 20 miles south of Waldo, over the Californian boundary, which is best reached by following the trail to Happy Camp, and turning west near the summit of the pass to a place called Big Meadows, which is four miles from the pass.

There is another place where it grows near Selma, which is more accessible


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84 destructive, it is to be feared that unless special measures are taken for its protection by the State of Oregon this very beautiful tree may become extinct

The timber, which I only know from a specimen in the Jesup Collection of North American Woods, preserved in the American Museum of Natural History at New York, is said by Sargent to be considerably heavier than that of other American spruces, soft, close-grained, with a satiny surface, the sapwood hardly distinguishable. The specimen alluded to is 13¼ inches in diameter under the bark at 166 years old.


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Author:William Peck

Works

 * The Handy Star Map (1880)
 * The Constellations and How to Find Them (1887)
 * Popular Handbook and Atlas of Astronomy (1890)
 * The Observer's Atlas of the Heavens (1898)
 * The Southern Hemisphere Constellations and How to Find Them (1911)
 * An Introduction to the Celestial Sphere: Volume I, the Topography and Mythology of the Star Groups (1919)

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86 Farther north, according to Maximowicz, it extends throughout the territory of the lower Amur and the coast province facing the Sea of Ochotsk, reaching its northern limit in the interior in the Stanovoi mountains about latitude 55° 50', and on the coast at Ajan, lat. 56° 27'. Schmidt says that thick forests of Picea ajanensis occur in the lower Amur and in the coast territory. A mountain at 1000 feet in the Amgun valley was clothed with a thick mossy wood of this spruce, in the shadow of which snow still lay on the 30th May. On the crest of the Bureja range it occurs as a low prostrate shrub. It descends very seldom to the river banks. Middendorff also notes that it is confined to the hills on the coast of the Sea of Ochotsk. Occasionally it grows on swampy flats in Amurland.

Schmidt describes the bark as being moderately rough and divided into generally 6-angled plates, about an inch in diameter and ½ to 1 line in thickness; and that the form and colour of the leaves are very variable, their points being either acute or obtuse.

In the island of Saghalien, in its south-western part, there is a coniferous forest composed of Picea ajanensis and Abies sachalinensis, which clothes the slopes of the mountains up to 800 feet on the coast, and higher in the interior, where even the lofty crests are covered with dark forests of these two species.

In the Kurile Isles this species is confined to the three islands north of Yezo, namely Kunashiri, Shikotan, and Etorofu, reaching its northern limit in the last named. In Shikotan it forms with Abies sachalinensis a dense mixed forest, which in habit and height and cover of the ground strikingly resembles the coniferous forests at moderate elevations in Germany. The cones borne by the tree in this island are, however, small in size, and the tree itself does not attain its maximum dimensions.

In Yezo, Mayr reports that he has seen trees 130 feet in height, and considers reliable the reports of the Japanese foresters that it occasionally attains even 160-200 feet. It occurs in all the mountains of Yezo, only reaching the coast in the west of the island, where it is found in cold, marshy localities immediately behind the dunes, being only separated from the sea by a growth of Rosa rugosa and shrubby Quercus dentata. The important forests of it lie in the western and central mountains of Yezo, and also in the high ranges of Kitami, Kushiro, and Nemoro, where it forms mixed woods with the Saghalien silver fir and Picea Glehnii.

We do not know that any plants of the continental Ajan spruce have been grown in Europe.

John Gould Veitch visited Hakodate in 1860, and sent home specimens and seeds of a weakly form of the Yezo Picea ajanensis, which was described by Lindley as a


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88 it is largely used in Japan for chip-braid, a peculiar Japanese industry, which has lately attained considerable importance, the export for 1903 amounting to no less than 1,363,000 yen—equal to about £140,000. This braid is mainly used for making hats and bonnets, but it is also woven into floor-matting, and as shown at the St. Louis Exhibition is both ornamental and cheap.

There are many different varieties of chip-braid, some of which are dyed of different colours, and others are plaited with a mixture of silk. It is exported in bundles of 50 to 60 yards long and 1 to 1½ inches wide, and is valued according to quality at 1s. to 6s. per bundle. The best are made by mixing chips of Populus tremula and Picea ajanensis.


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90 Picea hondoensis.—Leaves flat, with bands of stomata confined to the dorsal surface. On the lower surface of lateral branchlets the twig is bare, with the leaves directed outwards at right angles.

Picea Alcockiana.—Leaves quadrangular in section, with lines of stomata on the ventral surface, in addition to the bands of stomata on the dorsal surface. On the lower surface of lateral branchlets the twig is not quite bare, and the leaves are directed forwards at an acute angle.

Picea hondoensis, Picea ajanensis, and Picea sitchensis have been distinguished, so far as leaves and branchlets are concerned, in the key to Section Omorica. The cones of these three species are much alike. Those of Picea sitchensis, however, have scales oblong in outline, with their upper edge scarcely emarginate or erose; the bracts are large and visible between the scales towards the base of the cone. In the other two species the scales of the cones are oval with erose margins, while the bracts are minute, concealed, and differently shaped.

The cones of Picea Alcockiana differ considerably from those of the three preceding species. Their scales are rounded, being nearly semicircular in outline, with the upper edge almost entire or only minutely denticulate; and their outer surface is markedly striated.

Picea hondoensis is confined to the central chain of mountains in the main island of Japan, occurring at altitudes above 4000 feet. Shirasawa (loc. cit.) mentions as localities, Fuji, Mitake, Novikura, Sirane to Nikko, Chokarsan to Ugo, etc.; and says that in the lower levels it is accompanied by Tsuga diversifolia, and ascends to 8000 feet in company with Abies Veitchii. Mayr states that on Fuji it is accompanied by Picea bicolor (Alcockiana), both occurring in mixed woods with Larix leptolepis and Abies Veitchii. Farther north, Picea polita joins the two spruces just named; and all three reach their northern limit in the high mountains of Iwashiro at 38° lat. Its southern limit is 35° lat.

Elwes saw very little of this tree in Japan, but near the top of the Wada-toge pass there were some small spruces growing at about 4500 feet elevation, which he believes to have been this species. Tohi is the Japanese name.

Picea hondoensis was introduced in 1861 by John Gould Veitch. It was distributed as Abies Alcoquiana, an unfortunate circumstance, due to the fact that the seeds of the two spruces growing on Fujiyama (Picea hondoensis and Alcockiana) were both collected for Mr. Veitch by natives and were mixed together. Dr. Masters cleared up the question as to the distinctness of these two species in an article in the Gardeners' Chronicle, in which, however, he retained the name Picea ajanensis for the spruce, which Mayr afterwards separated as Picea hondoensis. If


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90

Possessed of the foremost American cereal, maize, at least one variety of legume, and the cotton plant, as well as species of Cucurbitacæ and other plants, the agriculture of the Pimas was well beyond the initial stages before the arrival of the whites. "In the year 1858, the first year of the Overland Mail Line, the surplus crop of wheat was 100,000 pounds, which was purchased by the company; also a large quantity of beans called taperis, and a vast quantity of pumpkins, squashes, and melons. In 1859 Mr St John was sent among them as a special agent with a supply of seeds and some agricultural implements. That year they sold 250,000 pounds of wheat and a large supply of melons, pumpkins, and beans. In 1860 they sold 400,000 pounds of wheat—all the Mail Company would purchase. They had more, and furnished the Government and private teamsters all that was necessary for transportation from Fort Yuma to Tucson. Beyond this they had no market, except for about 40,000 pounds of wheat which Mr White purchased for the supply of Fort Breckenridge. In 1861 they sold to Mr White 300,000 pounds of whest, 50,000 pounde of corn, 20,000 pounds of beans, and a large amount of dried and fresh pumpkins, which was all intended for the support of the California Column. The greater part of this crop was destroyed or given back to the Indians by the Texans under the guerrilla, Hunter, who arrived at the Pimo villages that year, robbed Mr White of his property, and took him prisoner in their flight to the Rio Grande. The Pimos sold, during the same year, 600 chickens and a large amount of other stuff, showing a gradual increase of production under the encouragement of an increased demand, In 1862 they sold to the Government over a million pounds of wheat, included in which was a portion of the previous year's crop, returned to them by the Texans. They furnished pinole, chickens, green peas, green corn, pumpkins, and melons for the entire California Column, subsisting nearly a thousand men for many months." (J.R. Browne, Adventures in the Apache Country, 110.) Browne's statements about the Pimas, though not grossly inaccurate, are not generally reliable, but as he was intimately acquainted with A.M. White, with whom he traveled from California, it is probable that the above estimates are as nearly correct as circumstances permitted.

The Pimas distinguished haif a dozen varieties of maize, to which they have now added the large corn brought by the Americans. The first crop is planted in April and the second in July, the first being gathered in June and July and the second in October. When gathering corn the women lay aside the best ears for seed; they are stuck in pairs on sticks and carried in the hand. Wheat is now the principal crop, and when a wet season insures sufficient water several million pounds are raised. It is sowed in December and reaped with hand sickles in June. Of the several varieties "Sonora" and "Australian" are favorites. One called skaofktco was raised before Kâʼmâl tkâk's father was born. Wheat is ground for the Pimas at the Government mill at Sacaton (pl. ), but a great deal of it is yet parched and ground on the metates to be made into pinole.

There have been at least half a dozen trading stores on the Gila River reservation for a number of years whose principal trade has been in wheat. The traders have naturally encouraged the growing of this cereal as much as possible and assisted in the introduction of suitable varieties. They have also profited in a legitimate way from the contracts awarded by the Government in times of famine for the support of the natives.

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 part, I took it most kindly; and determined to make him a present of them, when we got to the end of our journey, for the trouble they had put him to, of arming himself at all points against them.

Before I go further, let me get rid of my remark upon Avignon, which is this; That I think it wrong, merely because a man's hat has been blown off his head by chance the first night he comes to Avignion;—that he should therefore say, "Avignion is more subject to high winds than any town in all France:" for which reason I laid no stress upon the accident till I had inquired of the master of the inn about it, who telling me seriously it was so—and hearing moreover, the windyness of Avignion spoke of in the country about as a proverb—I set it down, merely to ask the learned what can


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 be the cause—the consequence I saw—for they are all Dukes, Marquisses, and Counts, there—the duce a Baron, in all Avignion—so that there is scarce any talking to them, on a windy day.

Prithee friend, said I, take hold of my mule for a moment—for I wanted to pull off one of my jack-boots, which hurt my heel—the man was standing quite idle at the door of the inn, and as I had taken it into my head, he was someway concerned about the house or stable, I put the bridle into his hand—so begun with my boot:—when I had finished the affair, I turned about to take the mule from the man, and thank him

—But Monsieur le Marquis had walked in


text: The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman/Volume 7/Chapter 42


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Had now the whole south of France, from the banks of the Rhône to those of the Garonne to traverse upon my mule at my own leisure—at my own leisure—for I had left Death, the lord knows—and He only—how far behind me—"I have followed many a man thro' France, quoth he—but never at this mettlesome rate"—Still he followed,—and still I fled him—but I fled him chearfully—still he pursued—but like one who pursued his prey without hope—as he lag'd, every step he lost, softened his looks—why should I fly him at this rate?

So notwithstanding all the commissary of the post-office had said, I changed the


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] Oats are seldom raised in that region. They are called "white tassels" by the Pimas. Barley is the universal grain feed of Arizona, and there is a ready market for the small quantity the Pimas raise.

Watermelons, muskmelons, pumpkins, and squashes are extensively cultivated. The watermelons are preserved until after the 1st of January by burying them in the sands of the river bed. The pumpkins, squashes, and muskmelons are cut in strips and dried, the best-keeping varieties being left in the storehouses until midwinter (pl., f). According to tradition the first pumpkins, called rsasʼkatûk, were obtained from the Yumas and Maricopas.

There are three species of wild gourds that are quite common along the Gila, namely: Cucurbita fœtidissima H.B.K., C. digitata Gray, and Apodanthera undulata Gray. Cultivated gourds have been known to the Pimas for a long period—how long it is impossible to say. The Papagos have a tradition that this plant was introduced by Navitco, a deity who is honored by ceremonies at intervals of eight years—or, if crops are bountiful, at the end of every four years—at Santa Rosa. The gourd is used as a canteen (fig. 7), and if it becomes cracked a rabbit skin is stretched over it which shrinks in drying and renders the vessel water-tight again. Dippers and canteens are occasionally made of gourds, but the chief use of gourds seems to be in the form of rattles (fig. 8) which contain a little

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 mode of my travelling once more; and after so precipitate and rattling a course as I had run, I flattered my fancy with thinking of my mule, and that I should traverse the rich plains of Languedoc upon his back, as slowly as foot could fall.

There is nothing more pleasing to a traveller—or more terrible to travel-writers, than a large rich plain; especially if it is without great rivers or bridges; and presents nothing to the eye, but one unvaried picture of plenty: for after they have once told you that 'tis delicious! or delightful! (as the case happens)—that the soil was grateful, and that nature pours out all her abundance, they have then a large plain upon their hands, which they know not


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 what to do with—and which is of little or no use to them but to carry them to some town; and that town, perhaps of little more, but a new place to start from to the next plainand so on.

—This is most terrible work; judge if I don't manage my plains better.

Had not gone above two leagues and a half, before the man with his gun, began to look at his priming.

I had three several times loiter'd terribly behind; half a mile at least every time: once, in deep conference with a drum-maker, who was making drums for the fairs of Baucaira and Tarascone—I did not understand the principles


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92 gravel and are mounted on a handle. Gourds are never used as forms over which to mold pottery.

At least five varieties of beans are now cultivated. The first known, the tatcoa pavfi, "white bean," is said to have been brought in some forgotten time from the valley of the great "Red river," the Colorado. Considerable quantities are raised and the thrashing is done by horses driven in a circle on the same hard floor that is prepared for the wheat thrashing.

Not with the withering drought alone has the Gileño planter to contend, but also with the myriads of crows that are extravagantly fond of a corn diet, and with the numerous squirrels and gophers that thrive apace where protected in a measure from the coyotes, which are themselves a menace to the fields. From the birds and predatory animals the fields are guarded during the day by the boys, who amuse themselves meanwhile by a dozen games that develop skill in running, and shooting with the bows and arrows which scarcely leave their hands during their waking hours. Scarecrows, "men artificial," are used, but a fluttering rag was never as effective as a feathered shaft hurtling from a well-drawn bow. Night marauders were in olden times kept at a distance by the rings of the terrible cholla cactus, Opuntia bigelovii Engelm., that were laid up around the individual plants. Plate illustrates this cactus as it grows on the hills about Sacaton. It is recognized as the most effectually armed of the many cacti and is the symbol in Pima lore of impenetrability.

For purposes of trade or in gambling the following values were recognized: A gourd was equivalent to a basket; a metate, a small shell necklace, or the combination of a basket and a blanket and a strand of blue glass beads was equivalent to a horse; a string of blue glass beads 4 yards long was equivalent to a bag of paint; and a basket full of beans or corn to a cooking pot.

The principal linear measurement was the hmakâ os, "one stick," equal to the distance from the center of the breast to the finger tips. The writer is inclined to regard this as a primitive Pima measurement, notwithstanding its resemblance to the yard of the invading race. This corresponds with the Aztec cenyollotli, the Cakchiquel ru vach qux, and the Maya betan. It was the basis of a sort of decimal system, as follows: Ten "sticks" made one "cut" of calico, equivalent to a "load" of wheat, or about 150 pounds. Ten cuts or loads were equivalent to

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text: The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman/Volume 7/Chapter 43


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 The second time, I cannot so properly say, I stopp'dfor meeting a couple of Franciscans straiten'd more for time than myself, and not being able to get to the bottom of what I was about—I had turn'd back with them

The third, was an affair of trade with a gossip, for a hand basket of Provence figs for four sous; this would have been transacted at once; but for a case of conscience at the close of it; for when the figs were paid for, it turn'd out, that there were two dozen of eggs cover'd over with vine-leaves at the bottom of the basket—as I had no intention of of buying eggs—I made no sort of claim of them—as for the space they had occupied—what signified it? I had figs enow for my money


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 —But it was my intention to have the basket—it was the gossip's intention to keep it, without which, she could do nothing with her eggs—and unless I had the basket, I could do as little with my figs, which were too ripe already, and most of 'em burst at the side: this brought on a short contention, which terminated in sundry proposals, what we should both do

—How we disposed of our eggs and figs, I defy you, or the Devil himself, had he not been there (which I am persuaded he was) to form the least probable conjecture: You will read the whole of itnot this year, for I am hastening to the story of my uncle Toby's amours—but you will read it in the collection of those which have arose out of the journey


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] one horse in value. Two units were employed in measurement of distances. One of these is an ancient measurement which it will be of interest to apply to the Hohokam ruins of the region. It is hmakâ kirspa, "one step"—that is, one step with the same foot, equal to about 5 feet. Land is divided into plots 100 or 200 "steps" in width, according to the size of the family. Long distances were measured in terms of a day's journey on foot; thus it is said to be seven days to Zuñi. The term "step" is also applied to the English mile, but they have had as yet little opportunity to acquire a definite knowledge of the meaning of the latter term.

For a long period prior to 1833 the Maricopas lived at Gila Bend and came at harvest time to trade with the Pimas. Soon after that time they settled beside the Pimas, living upon such intimate terms with them that barter between the tribes was of no more consequence than between two Pima villages. With all other tribes they were perpetually at war, except with their Papago kinsfolk to the southward. These people live in a vast territory of cactus-covered plains, here and there interrupted by up-thrust barren peaks that, with striking outlines, form good landmarks and yet offer little to those that hunger and are athirst. The Papagos are a desert tribe, and yet so well had they mastered their all but hopeless environment that the trade which they carried on with the Pimas was by no means one-sided, as may be seen from the following list of products that were formerly brought to the Gila at the time of the June harvest. Of vegetable products there were saguaro seeds, the dried fruit and sirup; tciʼaldi, a small hard cactus fruit; agave fruit in flat roasted cakes; agave sirup; rsat, an unidentified plant that grows at Santa Rosa; prickly pear sirup; wild gourd seeds; a small pepper, called tcĭl’tipĭn; acorns of Quercus oblongifolia; baskets of agave leaf; sleeping mats; kiâhâs and fiber to make them; maguey fiber for picket lines. They brought the dried meat of the mountain sheep, deer meat, deer tallow in small ollas, buckskins, dried beef, tallow, cheese, and cords of human hair. Cattle were formerly traded "sight unseen," but the modern "education" of the Papagos led them to exaggerate the good qualities of their stock and even to deal in "fictitious values," or cattle that the new Pima owner sought in vain to find, until finally the Pimas would consider no proposition to trade stock unless the animals were exhibited. Of mineral products they brought red and yellow ochers for face and body paint, and the buff beloved by Pima weavers. They

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 across this plainand which, therefore, I call my

How far my pen has been fatigued like those of other travellers, in this journey of it, over so barren a track—the world must judge—but the traces of it, which are now all set o' vibrating together this moment, tell me 'tis the most fruitful and busy period of my life; for as I had made no convention with my man with the gun as to time—by stopping and talking to every soul I met who was not in a full trot—joining all parties before me—waiting for every soul behind—hailing all those who were coming through cross roads—arresting all kinds of beggars, pilgrims, fiddlers, fryars—not passing by a woman in a mulberry-tree


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 without commending her legs, and tempting her into conversation with a pinch of snuff—In short, by seizing every handle, of what size or shape soever, which chance held out to me in this journey—I turned my plain into a city—I was always in company, and with great variety too; and as my mule loved society as much as myself, and had some proposals always on his part to offer to every beast he met—I am confident we could have passed through Pall-Mall or St. James's-Street for a month together, with fewer adventures—and seen less of human nature.

O! there is that sprightly frankness which at once unpins every plait of a Languedocian's dress—that whatever is beneath it, it looks so like the simplicity


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 which poets sing of in better days—I will delude my fancy, and believe it is so.

'Twas in the road betwixt Nismes and Lunel, where there is the best Muscatto wine in all France, and which by the bye belongs to the honest canons of —and foul befall the man who has drank it at their table, who grudges them a drop of it.

—The sun was set—they had done their work; the nymphs had tied up their hair afresh—and the swains were preparing for a carousal—My mule made a dead point—'Tis the fife and tabourin, said I—I'm frighten'd to death, quoth he—They are running at the ring of pleasure, said I, giving him a prick—By saint Boogar, and all the saints at the backside of the door of pur-


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58. THE MASNAVI. [BOOK I. Know the great mystery of 'Whatever verses we cancel,

Or cause you to forget, we substitute better for them.'[1]

Whatever law God cancels, He makes as a weed,

And in its stead He brings forth a rose.

So night cancels the business of the daytime,

When the reason that lights our minds becomes inanimate.

Again, night is cancelled by the light of day,

And inanimate reason is rekindled to life by its rays.

Though darkness produces this sleep and quiet,

Is not the water of life in the darkness? [2]

Are not spirits refreshed in that very darkness?

Is not that silence the season of heavenly voices?

For from contraries contraries are brought forth,

Out of darkness was created light.

The Prophet's wars brought about the present peace,

The peace of these latter days resulted from those wars.

That conqueror of hearts cut off a thousand heads,

That the heads of his people might rest in peace."

God's rebuke to Adam for scorning Iblis (p. 9).

To whomsoever God's order comes,

He must smite with his sword even his own child.

Fear then, and revile not the wicked, For the wicked are impotent under God's commands.

In presence of God's commands bow down the neck of pride.

Scoff not nor chide even them that go astray!

One day Adam cast a look of contempt and scorn Upon Iblis, thinking what a wretch he was. He felt self-important and proud of himself, And he smiled at the actions of cursed Iblis. God Almighty cried out to him, "O pure one, Thou art wholly ignorant of hidden mysteries. If I were to blab the faults of the unfortunate, ¹ Koran ii. 100. in the land of darkness discovered
 * Alluding to the "water of life" by Khizr.

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 36 expressions used in the exegetical commentaries of the Qurán is of great assistance to the Bazaar-preacher, for it often happens that Maulavís interrupt the preacher by putting some difficult question, which the most able missionary will find it difficult to answer to the satisfaction of a mixed assemblage. For instance, an interesting discourse or discussion is often interrupted by a Maulaví putting the following question: "What did Jesus mean when He said, "All that ever came before me were thieves or robbers? The sole object of the Maulaví being to interrupt a profitable conversation or sermon, the best reply to such an one would be, "Maulaví Sahib, you know sentences are Záhir or Khafí, hidden or evident. That is Khafí. Hidden sentences you know are of four kinds, Khafí, Mushkil, Mujmal, or Mutashábih. I consider the text you have quoted to be Mujmal, and you must admit that it would take up too much time to explain a Mujmal sentence in the midst of my present discourse." Most probably the Maulaví will be satisfied, for the preacher has applied a little flattering unction, in supposing that the Maulaví is learned in the principles of exegesis.


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 Rh We have frequently silenced a troublesome objector, who has introduced the subject of the Trinity for no other purpose than to disturb the preaching, by telling him that it was mutashábih, i.e. intricate, and at the same time asking him if he knew the meaning of Alif Lám Mím at the commencement of the second chapter of the Qurán. This appears to have been our blessed Lord's method with troublesome objectors: "The baptism of John: whence was it?"

It is often painful to observe how some of our native preachers will attempt to explain the sacred mysteries of our faith in the midst of an ignorant mob. Whereas learned Muslim doctors, if placed in the same position, would decline to discuss mysterious questions under such conditions. They would say, as the Christian Divine might also say, "Many things in God's word are hidden (khafí), and cannot be explained to such a mixed audience as this, and besides this, in speaking of the nature (zát) of God, there is always some fear of blasphemy (kufr); I prefer speaking to you on that subject alone, after the preaching is over."

Some passages of the Qurán are contradic-


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 gatory, said he—(making the same resolution with the abbesse of Andoüillets) I'll not go a step further—'Tis very well, sir, said I—I never will argue a point with one of your family, as long as I live; so leaping off his back, and kicking off one boot into this ditch, and t'other into that—I'll take a dance, said Iso stay you here.

A sun-burnt daughter of Labour rose up from the groupe to meet me as I advanced towards them; her hair, which was a dark chesnut, approaching rather to a black, was tied up in a knot, all but a single tress.

We want a cavalier, said she, holding out both her hands, as if to offer them


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 38 tory, and are often made the subject of attack; but it is part of the theological belief of the Muslim doctor that certain passages of the Qurán are mansúkh, or abrogated by verses afterwards revealed. This was the doctrine taught by the Arabian prophet in the Súra-i-Baqr (ii.), 105, "Whatever verses we (i. e. God) cancel or cause thee to forget, we bring a better or its like." This convenient doctrine fell in with that law of expediency which appears to be the salient feature in Muhammad's prophetical career.

In the Tafsír-i-ʾAzízí it 1s written, that abrogated (mansúkh) verses of the Qurán are of three kinds: (1) Where the verse has been removed from the Qurán and another given in its place; (2) Where the injunction is abrogated and the letters of the verse remain; (3) Where both the verse and its injunction are removed from the text. This is also the view of Jalál-ud-Dín, who says, that the number of abrogated verses has been variously estimated from five to five hundred, and he gives the following table of twenty verses which most commentators acknowledge to be abrogated,


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 And a cavalier ye shall have; said I, taking hold of both of them.

Hadst thou, Nannette, been array'd like a dutchesse!

—But that cursed slit in thy petticoat!

Nannette cared not for it.

We could not have done without you, said she, letting go one hand, with self-taught politeness, leading me up with the other.

A lame youth, whom Apollo had recompenced with a pipe, and to which he had added a tabourin of his own accord, ran sweetly over the prelude, as he sat upon the bank—Tie me up this tress instantly, said Nannette, putting a piece of string into my hand—It taught


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 Rh or Mansúkh, with those verses which cancel them, or are Násikh.


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 me to forget I was a stranger—The whole knot fell down—We had been seven years acquainted.

The youth struck the note upon the tabourin—his pipe followed, and off we bounded"the duce take that slit!"

The sister of the youth who had stolen her voice from heaven, sung alternately with her brother—'twas a Gascoigne roundelay.

The nymphs join'd in unison, and their swains an octave below them

I would have given a crown to have it sew'd up—Nannette would not have given a sous—Viva la joia! was in her lips—Viva la joia! was in her eyes. A tran-


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 sient spark of amity shot across the space betwixt us—She look'd amiable!—Why could I not live and end my days thus? Just disposer of our joys and sorrows, cried I, why could not a man sit down in the lap of content here—and dance, and sing, and say his prayers, and go to heaven with this nut brown maid? capriciously did she bend her head on one side, and dance up insiduous—Then 'tis time to dance off, quoth I; so changing only partners and tunes, I danced it away from Lunel to Montpellier—from thence to Pesçnas, Beziers—I danced it along through Narbonne, Carcasson, and Castle Naudairy, till at last I danced myself into Perdrillo's pavillion, where pulling a paper of black lines, that I might go on straight for-


text: The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman/Volume 7/Chapter 44


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Thou art vainly seeking in the open sands of the sea, the pearl which still remains enclosed in the silent shell.

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My life upon’t, young though thou art, thine eye hath stayed upon some favor that it loves.

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text: The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman/Volume 8


text: The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman/Volume 9


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Page:The life and opinions of Tristram Shandy (Volume 9).pdf/5

 THE

AND

OF

TRISTRAM SHANDY,.

VOL. IX.

LONDON:

Printed for and, in the Strand. MDCCLXVII.


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If thou wouldst treat him a little friendly, he would marry thee yet if thou wert willing.

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Page:Pentagon-Papers-Part IV. C. 6. c.djvu/106

 100. Deputy Secretary of Defense, Memorandum for Secretaries of the Military Departments, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Assistant Secretaries of Defense, Subject: Southeast Asia Deployment Program #6(u), dated 4 April 1968(s).

101. White House Press Release, 3 April 1968. Rh


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Page:Poems for Workers - ed. Manuel Gomez (1925).djvu/22

 Bellies

By

At Washington,

I was a bass-drum belly

Waddling through a luxurious corridor of the Capitol.

This belly was a high dignitary

Who sits on an authoritative bench,

And dictates the laws of the gaunt bellies of the poor.

There were other bass-drum bellies waddling about

And lounging in executive chambers;

They make the laws for gaunt bellies of the poor.

And I saw the bass-drum bellies of the rich,

The bankers, the industrial magnates and their lackeys,

Laughing, talking, whispering with these official bass-drum bellies.

And I thought: "What can be the meaning of all this?"

I looked to the North and saw the gaunt bellies of strikers unlawfully beaten and jailed.

I looked to the South and saw the gaunt bellies of factory children denied their constitutional rights.

I looked to the West and saw the gaunt bellies of farmers bankrupt by legalized robbery.

Everywhere I looked I saw the gaunt bellies of the poor

Oppressed and denied their constitutional rights

By these official bass-drum bellies at Washington.

Surely, I thought: "This is a Belly Government,

Of, by and for the bass-drum bellies of the rich." 20


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Page:Pentagon-Papers-Part IV. C. 6. c.djvu/99

Declassified per Executive Order 13526, Section 3.3 NND Project Number: NND 63316. By: NWD Date: 2011 TOP SECRET – Sensitive dependent upon South Vietnamese political development as it would be on American arms. This realization, then, made it possible to limit the American military commitment to South Vietnam to achieve the objectives for which this force had originally been deployed. American forces would remain in South Vietnam to prevent defeat of the Government by Communist forces and to provide a shield behind which that Government could rally, become effective, and win the support of its people. Rh


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Page:Pentagon-Papers-Part IV. C. 6. c.djvu/97

Declassified per Executive Order 13526, Section 3.3 NND Project Number: NND 63316. By: NWD Date: 2011 TOP SECRET – Sensitive Accordingly, we will establish contact with the representatives of North Vietnam. Consultations with the Government of South Vietnam and our other allies are now taking place.

The first step on That would undoubtedly be a long and tortuous road to peace apparently had been taken. In one dramatic action, President Johnson had for a time removed the issue of Vietnam from domestic political contention. In an unexpectedly prompt and responsive reply to his initiative, Hanoi had moved the struggle for South Vietnam into a new path

As has been indicated, little had been expected to result from the partial bombing halt and the limitation upon U.S. troop commitments to South Vietnam. Why, then, were these steps taken?

In March of 1968, the choice had become clear-cut. The price for military victory had increased vastly, and there was no assurance that it would not grow again in the future. There were also strong indications that large and growing elements of the American public had begun to believe the cost had already reached unacceptable levels and would strongly protest a large increase in that cost.

The political reality which faced President Johnson was that "more of the same" in South Vietnam, with an increased commitment of American lives and money and its consequent impact on the country, accompanied by no guarantee of military victory in the near future, had become unacceptable to these elements of the American public. The optimistic military reports of progress in the war no longer rang true after the shock of the TET offensive.

Thus, the President's decision to seek a new strategy and a new road to peace was based upon major considerations:

(1) The convictions of his principal civilian advisers, particularly Defense Clifford, that the troops requested by General Westmoreland would not make a military victory any more likely; and Rh


text: Author:Minamoto no Sanetomo

title: Author:Minamoto no Sanetomo


text:
Page:Pentagon-Papers-Part IV. C. 6. c.djvu/50

Declassified per Executive Order 13526, Section 3.3 NND Project Number: NND 63316. By: NWD Date: 2011 TOP SECRET – Sensitive General Wheeler fought back with arguments contained in two documents. The first was a backchannel message from COMUSMACV, dated 2 March, which answered specific questions concerning the planned use of additional forces. These questions had been asked by General Wheeler in a backchannel message the previous day. The first question concerned the military "and other" objectives additional forces were designed to advance. General Westmoreland was ambitious, indeed, and stated that these objectives were to:

(1) Defeat and evict from SVN the new NVA units now present in Western Quang Tri and Central Thua Trien provinces, to include the Ashau Valley and base areas 1 31 and 114.

(2) Maintain positive governmental and military control over Quang Tri and Thua Thien provinces, particularly the populous areas of the coastal lowlands and the DMZ area. Be prepared to block or interdict the infiltration/invasion routes from NVN through Laos.

(3) Destroy VC/NVA main force units and base areas in the remainder of I Corps and in the northeastern coastal and northwestern Laos border areas of II Corps

(4) Reduce the II calculate d risk ll currently entailed in our economy of force posture in II and III Corps by providing the added flexibility and "punch" of an armored cavalry regiment.

(5) Conduct aggressive and continuing offensive campaigns throughout the coastal areas of II Corps and into traditional enemy base areas and sanctuaries in III Corps along the Cambodian border; especially in war zones "C" and "D". Restore the offensive combat and pacification momentum lost in III Corps as a result of the enemy's TET offensive and the requirement to transfer the 101st Airborne Division (-) to I Corps to stem the NVA incursion into Quang Tri.

(6) Be prepared for contingency operations if required.

The second question asked by General Wheeler was:

Question B: What specific dangers are their dispatch to SVN designed to avoid, and what specific goals would the increment of force aim to achieve -

In the next 6 months?

Over the next year? Rh


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Page:Pentagon-Papers-Part IV. C. 6. c.djvu/8

Declassified per Executive Order 13526, Section 3.3 NND Project Number: NND 63316. By: NWD Date: 2011 TOP SECRET – Sensitive a few. The MRF has been significantly successful in depriving the enemy of freedom and initiative in the population and resources rich Delta areas. The helicopter has established itself as perhaps the single most important tool in our arsenal -- and we will welcome more. To air support in both RVN and NVN (Army, Navy, Marine and Air Force) goes much of the credit for our accomplishments." 1

The enemy's TET offensive, which began with the attack on the U.S. Embassy in Saigon on 31 January 1968, although it had been predicted, took the U.S. command and the U.S. public by surprise, and its strength, length, and intensity prolonged this shock. As the attacks continued, the Secretary of Defense, on 9 February, requested the Joint Chiefs of Staff to furnish plans which would provide for emergency reinforcement of COMUSMACV.

After extensive backchannel communication with General Westmoreland, the JCS forwarded these plans on 12 February. The Joint Chiefs assessment of the current Vietnam situation differed markedly from COMUSNACV's year-end assessment submitted only 17 days earlier:

"a. The VC/NVA forces have launched large-scale offensive operations throughout South Vietnam

"b. As of 11 February 1968, Headquarters, MACV, reports that attacks have taken place on 34 provincial towns, 64 district to towns, and all of the autonomous cities.

"c. The enemy has expressed his intention to continue offensive operations and to destroy the Government of Vietnam and its Armed Forces.

"d. The first phase of his offensive has failed in that he does not have adequate control over any population center to install his Revolutionary Committees Which he hoped to form into a coalition with the NLF.

"e. He has lost between 30 and 40 thousand killed and captured, and we have seized over seven thousand weapons.

"f. Reports indicate that he has committed the bulk of his VC main force and local force elements down to platoon level throughout the country, with the exception of six to eight battalions in the general area of Saigon

"g. Thus far, he has committed only 20 to 25 percent of his North Vietnamese forces. These were employed as gap fillers where VC strength was apparently not adequate to carry out his initial thrust on the cities and towns. Since November, he has Rh


text:
Author:Asukai Masatsune

Works

 * Asukai-shū
 * Asukai-shū

title: Author:Asukai Masatsune


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text:
Author:Fujiwara no Ietaka

Works

 * Shin Kokin Wakashū, as contributor
 * Shin Kokin Wakashū, as contributor

title: Author:Fujiwara no Ietaka


text:
Page:Pentagon-Papers-Part IV. C. 6. c.djvu/45

Declassified per Executive Order 13526, Section 3.3 NND Project Number: NND 63316. By: NWD Date: 2011 TOP SECRET – Sensitive 3. RVNAF, knowing the availability of support from U.S. reaction forces, would perform more aggressively.

4. This would permit the patrolling and securing of populated areas to be accomplished primarily by Vietnamese forces.

5. U.S. forces would keep active in what is now the enemy's zone of movement, no longer presenting static positions against, which the enemy can mass and attack. This, plus his increased logistical problems, would reduce U.S. casualties while increasing his. In effect, we would force him to come to us, fight on terrain of our choosing

7. Garrisoning U.S. forces closer to RVNAF would facilitate joint operations at the maneuver level (battalion, company), again increasing RVNAF aggressiveness.

8 . with RVNAF thus supported by U.S. forces, it can be expected to remain in uniform and engage in operations as long as it is paid and fed.

No disadvantages of this strategy were noted. or listed in the memorandum.

Details of this strategy, by Corps area, were examined in an appendix. In I Corps, our present precarious position could be relieved.

"Were MACV to be provided guidance to forego position defense in areas remote from population centers and concentrate upon mobile offensive operations in and contiguous to the coastal plain, one division equivalent - eight to 10 U.S. maneuver battalions - could eventually be relieved from operations in, or related to defense of Khe Sanh. Undoubtedly, however, these eight to 10 battalions would be required to restore tactical flexibility to and insure logistical sufficiency for the forces presently disposed in the Quang-Tri-Hue-Danang area. MACV presently is planning operations in the Aeschau [Sic] Valley after April 1968; the new guidance would preclude these."

Guidance to MACV in II Corps

""...should counsel continued economy of force and should specifically exclude determined defense of all but province" Rh


text: Page:The Statutes of the Realm Vol 8 (1702-7).pdf/533


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92

A tree, sometimes exceeding 200 feet in height, with a trunk 4 to 20 feet in diameter, tapering above its enlarged and buttressed base; in Alaska dwindling to a low shrub. Bark with large, thin, red-brown scales. Branchlets yellow, shining, glabrous. Buds ovoid, acute at the apex, with ovate obtuse scales. Leaves arranged on lateral branchlets as in Picea ajanensis, ending in sharp cartilaginous points; deeply keeled on the ventral green surface, and almost convex on the dorsal surface, which has two white broad bands of stomata. The male catkins are solitary at or near the ends of the branchlets, and are of an orange reddish colour.

Cones: on short straight stalks, cylindrical-oval, blunt at the free end, 2½ to 4 inches long by 1 to 1½ inches wide, composed of oblong or oblong-oval scales, rounded towards the apex, denticulate and scarcely erose in margin; bracts lanceolate, denticulate, about half as long as the scales, and peeping out between them towards the base of the cone. The cones when ripe are yellow or brown, and generally fall off in the autumn and winter of the first year. Seeds, with a wing, three to four times as long as the seed itself.

The Sitka spruce seems to vary considerably over its wide area. There are specimens at Kew from the Columbia River, with pubescent young shoots, and bearing small cones which have oval, not oblong, scales, and minute almost orbicular bracts. Other specimens from Alaska have larger cones than usual, but with bracts shorter than usual, and the leaves are not so deeply keeled or so sharp-pointed as in the type.

Cultivated trees are generally broadly pyramidal in outline, and when old, often show the enlarged and buttressed base, so characteristic of wild trees; the roots sometimes extending superficially above the ground for several feet. The tree often produces on its lateral branches small erect shoots, on which the leaves spread radially in all directions.


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94 Sargent says its growth is very rapid, the leading shoots of young trees on Puget Sound being often 3 to 4 feet long.

John Muir measured a tree in Washington 180 feet high, at 240 years old, with a trunk 4 feet 6 inches diameter. Another near Vancouver, B.C., only 48 years old, had a trunk 3 feet in diameter.

In Alaska, Gorman measured two trees—one grown in a dense wood, well protected from wind, was 160 feet high, at 267 years old, with a diameter of 3 feet 11 inches; and the other on a hillside exposed to fierce north-east gales, was 4½ feet in diameter at 14 feet from the ground, and 434 years old. The heart of this tree was 32 inches from the south-west side, and only 16½ inches from the north-east side, showing the effect of prevalent winds on the production of branches and wood.

A tree measured by Muir at Wrangel, Alaska, was no less than 764 years old, with a trunk 5 feet in diameter, and this, I think, is the greatest age to which any recorded spruce has attained.

Though discovered in Puget Sound in May 1792 by Archibald Menzies, who was surgeon and naturalist to Vancouver's expedition, it was not introduced to cultivation until 1831 by David Douglas, and was described by Lindley under the name of Abies Menziesi one year after Bongard had made it known to science under the specific name which we adopt. It is, however, still commonly known in Great Britain as Menzies' spruce, and his name it may well bear. According to Loudon, only a very few plants were raised in the Horticultural Society's Garden in the year 1832, of which some still survive.

The Oregon Association, which was formed a little later by a few Scottish arboriculturists for the purpose of introducing the conifers of the Pacific coast, and who sent out John Jeffrey as a collector about 1850, were fortunate in procuring a large quantity of seed, from which the pineta of Scotland and England have been stocked, and it has now become a common tree.

Though Menzies' spruce loves a wet climate, it loves a wet soil even more, and soon becomes unsightly and loses its foliage in dry localities. No conifer, except perhaps the Douglas fir, grows so rapidly where it has a suitable situation, and in some parts of Scotland it is now being planted experimentally as a forest tree.

It is easily raised, either from home-grown or imported seed, and is, like all spruces, slow of growth for the first few years, and requires at least five or six in the nursery before it is large enough to plant out.

At Durris, in Aberdeenshire, on the property of Mr. H.R. Baird, there is a plantation of Sitka spruce about 15 acres in extent, of which Mr. John Crozier, the forester in charge of the estate, gives us the following particulars in a letter dated 12th September 1904:—


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96 6 inches; and at Boconnoc, Cornwall, the seat of J.B. Fortescue, Esq., a tree was recorded in 1891 as being 85 feet high by 12 feet in girth at the age of 48 years. In 1905 Elwes measured this and found it to be 86 by 15 feet.

At the same time* a tree growing at Howick Hall, Northumberland, the seat of Earl Grey, was 90 feet high at the age of 58 years.

At Beauport, Sussex, a tree measured in 1904 95 feet by 12 feet 10 inches. It has very wide-spreading superficial roots, one extending over the ground 16 feet in length. According to Sir Archibald Lamb, the tree five years ago was 12 feet 3 inches at 3 feet up, its present girth (1904) at that height being 13 feet 4 inches (Plate 30).

In Scotland the largest tree we know of, and probably the largest in Great Britain, is at Castle Menzies, said to have been 46 years old in October 1892, when its exact measurement was given by Mr. J. Ewing as 96½ feet high by 11 feet in girth. I measured it carefully in April 1904, and found it to be 110 feet high by 13 feet 2 inches. This tree is growing on the banks of a pond in good and damp soil, and has produced a greater amount of timber in a short time than any conifer I know in Scotland, except, perhaps, the Douglas fir, though Sequoia sempervirens may run it close in England. But spruce timber grown so fast is very soft, coarse, and knotty, close planting being essential to give the tree any economic value.

At Abercairney, Perthshire, there is a tree which was measured by Henry in August 1904, as 99 feet in height by 9 feet 9 inches in girth. This was 76 feet by 7 feet 5 inches in 1891.

At the Keillour Pinetum, in the same county, on boggy ground on a hillside, there is a remarkable Menzies' spruce, 86 feet in height by 15 feet 9 inches in girth. It has wide-spreading buttressed roots, and is branched to the ground. According to a MS. account in the possession of Col. Smythe of Methven Castle this tree was planted in 1834 or 1835. In this pinetum many species of conifers were planted in these two years, and owing to the wet, boggy nature of the soil some kinds have grown slowly, such as Picea nigra, Pinus Cembra, Abies balsamea, and Abies Pinsapo. Abies grandis has perhaps succeeded best, next to Picea sitchensis, which has produced an amount of timber far in excess of the other species. Abies grandis here is 90 feet by 7 feet 3 inches. A Picea alba, planted presumably at the same time, is only 52 feet by 5½ feet.

Mr. Crozier reports that there is a Menzies' spruce 13 or 14 feet in girth at Dunrobin in Sutherland.

At Murraythwaite, in Dumfriesshire, the seat of W. Murray, Esq., a tree 78 feet by 8 feet 10 inches, planted about the year 1855, is growing near a pond, and is a fine healthy specimen, broadly pyramidal, and feathered to the ground.

A tree at Keir, near Dunblane, measured, in 1905, 82 feet by 9 feet 10 inches. At Smeaton Hepburn, Haddington, the seat of Sir Archibald Buchan Hepburn, Bart., where there is a remarkably varied collection of trees, a fine Menzies' spruce


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trees or shrubs belonging to the division Taxaceæ of the order Coniferæ. Bark reddish or reddish brown, thin and scaly. Branches spreading, giving off branchlets, of one kind only, irregularly alternate, surrounded at their bases by brownish scales. Buds globular or ovoid, of imbricated scales. Leaves inserted on the branchlets in a spiral order, on upright shoots spreading radially, on horizontal shoots disposed by twisting on their petioles in one plane in a pectinate arrangement, the upper and lower leaves being of the same length, with their dorsal surfaces turned upwards and their ventral surfaces downwards. In fastigiate varieties all, or most, of the branchlets assume an erect position, and the leaves in consequence are arranged radially. The leaves are linear, flat, with recurved margins, dark green above, paler green below; the lower surface only bearing stomata, which never form conspicuous white bands; narrowed at the base into a short petiole, arising from a linear cushion on the twig; mucronate or acute at the apex and without a resin-canal.

Flowers diœcious, or in rare individuals monœcious, on the under surface of the branchlets of the preceding year, in the axils of the leaves, the female flowers being less numerous than the male flowers. Male flowers composed of a stalk, girt at its base by imbricated scales, and bearing above a globose head of 6–14 stamens with short filaments. The stamen is expanded above into a peltate connective, which bears on its lower surface 5 to 9 pollen sacs, united with each other and with the filament. The female flowering shoot, arising out of the axil of the leaf, is composed of a number of imbricated scales, in the axil of the uppermost one of which is borne an ovule, placed so close to the apex of the shoot as to appear terminal; in the scale next below a bud occurs, which occasionally develops into a second ovule. The ovule, which has a small membranous disc at its base, projects out of the scales by its micropyle. Seed sessile in a fleshy, juicy cup, forming an aril (the enlarged disc), open at the top and free from the seed in its upper part. The seed variable in form, 2, 3, or 4-angled, is generally ellipsoid and has a ligneous testa, containing oily white albumen, in the upper part of which is an axile straight cylindrical minute embryo with two cotyledons.

Yews differ from all other Coniferæ in the character of the fruit. They


text: Page:Joan of Arc - Southey (1796).djvu/353


text:
Author:Alexander Klemin

Works

 * Aeronautical engineering and airplane design (1918)

title: Author:Alexander Klemin


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Page:TheTreesOfGreatBritainAndIreland vol01.djvu/128

100

The chief characters of the species have been given in the generic description. The different geographical forms are distinguished as follows:—

1. Var. typica. Common Yew.—A tree or shrub. Leaves falcate, acute, or acuminate, the apex diminishing gradually into a cartilaginous mucro; median nerve only slightly prominent above. Buds ovoid or globose, of closely imbricated brownish, rounded scales, usually not keeled on the back.

In certain Himalayan specimens the leaves are long and narrow, with a long acuminate apex, and the buds have keeled scales. Intermediate forms occur; and all Indian botanists and foresters seem to be agreed that the Himalayan yew cannot be separated from the European form even as a variety.

2. Var. cuspidata (Taxus cuspidata, S. et Z. ), Japanese Yew.—A tree or shrub. Leaves straight, scarcely falcate, median nerve prominent above, apex giving off abruptly a short mucro. Buds oblong, composed of somewhat loosely imbricated scales, which are ovate, very acute and keeled. In cultivated specimens the under surface of the leaves is yellow in colour, the buds being bright chestnut brown.

3. Var. sinensis, Chinese Yew.—A tree. Leaves short, rigid, median nerve not prominent above, apex rounded and giving off abruptly a short mucro. Buds ovoid, brownish, composed of densely imbricated scales, which are ovate, obtuse, and not keeled.

4. Var. brevifolia (Taxus brevifolia, Nutt. ), Pacific Coast Yew.—A tree. Leaves falcate, short, median nerve slightly prominent above, apex abruptly mucronate. Buds large, with loosely imbricated yellowish green scales, which are lanceolate, mucronate, and keeled.

5. Var. canadensis (Taxus canadensis, Marshall ), Canadian Yew.—A low, prostrate shrub. Leaves narrow, falcate; median nerve slightly prominent above, apex abruptly mucronate. Buds globose, small, with somewhat loosely imbricated, greenish, ovate, obtuse, keeled scales.

6. Var. Floridana (Taxus floridana, Chapman ), Florida Yew.—A shrub or


text:
If I Should Die To-night

 * "If I Should Die To-night", poem by Arabella Eugenia Smith
 * "If I Should Die To-night", parody of Smith's poem, by Ben King

title: If I Should Die To-night


text:
If I Should Die To-night (King)

 * "If I Should Die" in Ben King's Verse (1884)
 * "If I Should Die To-night" in Famous Single Poems (1924)

title: If I Should Die To-night (King)


text:
Page:Pentagon-Papers-Part IV. C. 6. c.djvu/96

Declassified per Executive Order 13526, Section 3.3 NND Project Number: NND 63316. By: NWD Date: 2011 TOP SECRET – Sensitive "and the world's hopes for peace in the balance every day, I do not believe that I should devote an hour or a day of my time to any personal partisan causes or to any duties other than the awesome duties of this office -- the Presidency of your country.

Accordingly, I shall not seek, and I will not accept, the nomination of my Party for another term as your President.

But let men everywhere know, however, that a strong, a confident, and a vigilant America stands ready tonight to seek an honorable peace -- and stand ready tonight to defend an honored cause -- whatever the price, whatever the burden, whatever the sacrifices that duty may require.

Thank you for listening.

Good night and God bless all of you."

II

On April 4, 1968, the Deputy Secretary of Defense, in a memorandum for the Secretaries of the Military Departments and the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff established Southeast Asia Deployment Program #6. This program added 24,500 per som1e l to the approved Program #5, and placed a new ceiling of 549,500 on U.S. forces in South Vietnam. None of the some 200,000 troops requested by General Westmorel and on 27 February were to be deployed.

Late in the afternoon of April 3, 1968, the White House released the following statement by President Johnson:

"Today the Government of North Vietnam made a statement which included the following paragraph, and I quote:

"However, for its part, the Government of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam declares its readiness to appoint its representatives to contact the United States representative with a view to determining, with the American side the unconditional cessation of the United States bombing raids and all other acts of war against the Democratic Republic of Vietnam so that talks may start."

Last Sunday night I expressed the position of the United States with respect to peace in Vietnam and Southeast Asia as follows:

"Now, as in the past, the United States is ready to send its representatives to any forum, at any time, to discuss the means of bringing this war to an end."" Rh


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Page:Pentagon-Papers-Part IV. C. 6. c.djvu/55

Declassified per Executive Order 13526, Section 3.3 NND Project Number: NND 63316. By: NWD Date: 2011 TOP SECRET – Sensitive The paper, then, concluded that the larger forces of Option I and IA would "greatly reduce risks to Free World forces in SVN and will accomplish U.S. objectives more rapidly than the forces of the other options," and recommended that immediate action be taken to provide the forces of Option I.

Read another way, however, the Joint Staff analysis could be taken to indicate that the United States could successfully pursue a strategy of "population security" by adapting Option III, adding 50,000 troops to the current level in SVN.

At the 2 March meeting of the senior members of the Secretary of Defense's Working Group conducting the reassessment, no consensus was reached on a new U. S. strategy. Apparently, Mr Warnake and Mr. Gaulding were given the task of drafting a new memorandum for the President which would be less controversial than the initial ISA document.

The draft memorandum for the President, dated 3 March 1968, which was prepared by these two individuals, differed markedly in tone from the initial memorandum presented to the Cliffard Group on 2 March. Gone was any discussion of grand strategy. This memorandum recommended simply:

1. Meeting General Westmareland's request by deploying as close to May 1 as practical 20,000 additional troops (approximately 1/2 of which would be combat).

2. Approval of a Reserve call-up and an increased end strength adequate to meet the balance of the request and to restore a strategic reserve in the United States, adequate far possible contingencies.

3. Reservation of the decision to deploy the balance of General Westmareland's new request. While we would be in a position to make these additional deployments, the future decision to do so would be contingent upon:

a. Cantinuaus reexamination of the desirability of further deployments on a week-by-week basis as the situation develops;

b. Improved political performance by the GVN and increased contribution in effective military action by the ARVN;

c. The results of a study in depth, to be initiated immediately, of a possible new strategic guidance for the conduct of US military operations in South Vietnam. Rh


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Page:Pentagon-Papers-Part IV. C. 6. c.djvu/16

Declassified per Executive Order 13526, Section 3.3 NND Project Number: NND 63316. By: NWD Date: 2011 TOP SECRET – Sensitive between 30,000 and 40,000 additional trained personnel will be retained in the Army for each month of extension. For example, during the first six-month period of extension of terms of service, the Army would gain in excess of 500 helicopter pilots, of which there is a critical shortage. Other critical skill shortages could be similarly affected.

"(2) Selective callup of individual Reservists. The Army Iwnediate Ready Reserve contains 490,000 personnel, of which more than 90 per cent are in grades of E-4 and E-5. A selective callup of individual Reservists, coupled with an extension of terms of service, will alleviate virtually all of the Army's current critical skill shortages.

"b.

(1) Involuntary extension of enlistments of all enlisted personnel would produce an average of 5,766 enlisted men per month through June. Within this gain, an average of 1,728 experienced NCOs per month would be gained.

"(2) Selective recall of individual Reservists would be necessary in order to bring mobilized units up, to provide the essential rank and skills not contained in the organized Reserve. Within the Marine Corps Reserve, "out outside of the organized units, there is an invaluable pool of key personnel: noncommissioned officers, officers (particularly pilots), and Marines possessing long lead time " hard skill " Military Occupation Specialties.

"c. Navy . In the deploying ships of the Navy, there is a shortfall of 32,500 in officers and the top six enlisted pay grades.

(1) Involuntary extension of Reserve Officers and selected recall of Reserves would fulfill officer manning requirements in one to three months.

"(2) Cancellation of early releases and selective involuntary extensions, recall of Fleet Reserves, deferral of transfers to Fleet Reserve, and recall of Ready Reserves would achieve 100 percent enlisted requirements by rate/rating in one to three months.

"d. Air Force . If extension of terms of service were granted the Air Force could, on a selective basis, hold approximately 20,000 skilled personnel out of a possible 70,000 that would be discharged over a six-month period. Retaining these critical skills would sustain the force at an acceptable level. Should Rh


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Waiting (Burroughs)

 * (1876)
 * "Waiting" in Famous Single Poems (1924)

title: Waiting (Burroughs)


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Page:Bible (1901 American Standard Version).pdf/40

21. 3

had spoken to him.  And Abraham called the name of his son that was born unto him, whom Sarah bare to him, Isaac.  And Abraham circumcised his son Isaac when he was eight days old, as God had commanded him.  And Abraham was a hundred years old, when his son Isaac was born unto him.  And Sarah said, God hath made me to laugh. Every one that heareth will laugh with me.  And she said, Who would have said unto Abraham, that Sarah should give children suck? For I have borne him a son in his old age.

And the child grew, and was weaned. And Abraham made a great feast on the day that Isaac was weaned.  And Sarah saw the son of Hagar the Egyptian, whom she had borne unto Abraham, mocking.  Wherefore she said unto Abraham, Cast out this handmaid and her son. For the son of this handmaid shall not be heir with my son, even with Isaac.  And the thing was very grievous in Abraham's sight on account of his son.  And God said unto Abraham, Let it not be grievous in thy sight because of the lad, and because of thy handmaid. In all that Sarah saith unto thee, hearken unto her voice. For in Isaac shall thy seed be called.  And also of the son of the handmaid will I make a nation, because he is thy seed.  And Abraham rose up early in the morning, and took bread and a bottle of water, and gave it unto Hagar, putting it on her shoulder, and gave her the child, and sent her away. And she departed, and wandered in the wilderness of Beer-sheba.  And the water in the bottle was spent, and she cast the child under one of the shrubs.  And she went, and sat her down over against him a good way off, as it were a bowshot. For she said, Let me not look upon the death of the child. And she sat over against him, and lifted up her voice, and wept.  And God heard the voice of the lad. And the angel of God called to Hagar out of heaven, and said unto her, What aileth thee, Hagar? Fear not. For God hath heard the voice of the lad where he is.  Arise, lift up the lad, and hold him in thy hand. For I will make him a great nation.  And God opened her eyes, and she saw a well of water. And she went, and filled the bottle with water, and gave the lad drink.  And God was with the lad, and he grew. And he dwelt in the wilderness, and became, as he grew up, an archer.  And he dwelt in the wilderness of Paran. And his mother took him a wife out of the land of Egypt.

And it came to pass at that time, that Abimelech and Phicol the captain of his host spake unto Abraham, saying, God is with thee in all that thou doest.  Now therefore swear unto me here by God that thou wilt not deal falsely with me, nor with my son, nor with my son's son. But according to the kindness that I have done unto thee, thou shalt do unto me, and to the land wherein thou hast sojourned.  And Abraham said, I will swear.  And Abraham reproved Abimelech because of the well of water, which Abimelech's servants had violently taken away.  And Abimelech said, I know not who hath done this thing. Neither didst thou tell me, neither yet heard I of it, but to-day.  And Abraham took sheep and oxen, and gave them unto Abimelech. And they two made a covenant.  And Abraham set seven ewe lambs of the flock by themselves.  And Abimelech said unto Abraham, What mean these seven ewe lambs which thou hast set by themselves?  And he said, These seven ewe lambs shalt thou take of my hand, that it may be a witness unto me, that I have digged this well.  Wherefore he called that place Beer-sheba. Because there they sware both of them.  So they made a covenant at Beer-sheba. And Abimelech rose up, and Phicol the captain of his host, and they returned into the land of the Philistines.  And Abraham planted a tamarisk tree in Beer-sheba, and called there on the name of Jehovah, the Everlasting God.  And Abraham sojourned in the land of the Philistines many days.

And it came to pass after these things, that God did prove Abraham, and said unto him, Rh


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