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stroemiacese as a small separate tribe. Scapha, Ch. and Dray- tonia, A. Gr. are united with Saurauja. Thea, as modified by Seemann, is regarded as a section of Camellia rather than as generically distinct. Btaploclathra, a new genus founded on opposite-leaved species of Caraipa, and Marila, are referred to BonnetiesB as anomalous members. Visneacece, Ch. is incorpo- rated with Ternstroemiacese. Bentaphylax is appended to the same tribe.

Ixionanthes and Ochthocosmus, Mr. Bentham excludes from the order. He considers them allied to Saxifrageae. Marcgraa- viacese, Juss. are included in Ternstroemiacese proper ; — the genus Antholonia, which has been associated with this group, De Labil- lardiere's figure would indicate to be a Bassia.

Tristylium, Turcz. is reduced to Cleyera, and XowalewsJcia, published as Ternstroemiaceous by the same botanist, is a Mexi- can Clethra. Descriptions of the species of Caraipa, and of four new Ternstroemiaceee, collected by Mr. Spruce, are appended to this paper. Bentham, George. — Notes on Anonacese. Linn. Proc. v. pp. 67-72.

Eeferring especially to the American species. Mr. Bentham, with Dr. Hooker, proposes to suppress the tribe Anonece, uniting it with Xylopiece. Oxymitra, Bhceanthus and Monodora are in- cluded in the modified tribe Mitrephorece.

Guatteriece takes the name of Unonece, the American genus Guatteria belonging to the Uvariece, which are characterized by petals imbricate in aestivation. The Asiatic species which have been referred to Guatteria are reduced to Bolyalthia.

Guatteria heteropetala, Benth., allied to Bliceantlius, is sepa- rated as the type of a new genus — Heteropetalum, as is also Tlvaria brasiliensis, Veil., under the name Cymbopetalum.

New species of Trigyneia and Bocagea are described from South America and a Monodora from the Niger. The ovary of the latter genus Mr. Bentham finds to consist of numerous carpels, as indicated by its longitudinal furrows and the curva- tures or lobation of the peltate centrical stigma. Botanical Memoranda. Linn. Proc. v. pp. 73-8.

1. Involucre of Anemone. Regarded as a single amplexicaul leaf divided to the base into distinct segments.

2. Stigmas of Bapaveracece. In Bomneyece and in Hypecoum the stigmatic summits of the carpels remain distinct and alter- nate with the placentas, indicating an approach to the apocar- pous structure of Bammculacese. In the rest of the order the stigmas, or even the summit of all the carpels are more or less confluent, as may be traced in gradation from Stylopkorum through Bocconia, Sanguinaria, Chelidonium, Argemone, Meco- nopsis and other genera to Bapaver, in which the radiating stigmas answer to the stigmatic margins of the summits of the carpel- lary leaves, and are consequently over the placentas.


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Asa-foetida, Ammoniacurn unci Gralbanum. With 8 plates. St. Petersb. Mem. iii. 40 pp.

A description, with figures, is given of a new Ferula, (near F. soongarica, Pall.), called " Schair" by the inhabitants, the milk-sap of which possesses the characteristics of Gralbanum, which latter is stated to be obtained from Ferula rubricaulis, Boiss.

Brown, Robert. — Phanerogamous Plants and Perns of Caithness. Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinb. vi. pp. 328-9.

A list of species new to the " North Highland" province of Watson's " Cybele Britannica" is given.

Buckley, S. B. — Descriptions of several new species of Plants. Phil. Acad. Proc. 1860, p. 443.

Buiise, P. — Aufzahlung der auf einer Reise durch Transkaukasien und Persien gesammelten Pflanzen in Gremeinschaft mit Dr. E. Boissier in G-enf bearbeitet. Nouv. Mem. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou. xii. pp. 246. With 10 plates and a map.

Nearly seventy pages are devoted to Dr. Buhse's itinerary, including extended notices of the vegetation and physical features of his route, which extended by Erivan (1847) and the Caucasus through Tabriz and Ardebil to Teheran (1848), thence to Aste- rabad, Jesd (1849) and Ispahan ; returning by the Caspian. One of the most interesting plants collected was a new Ferula (F. galbaniflua, sp. nov.) affording Griim Gralbanum. It was frequent about the Demavend mountains to the north-east of Teheran, at an elevation of from 4 to 8000 feet. Many new species are described, including 17 of Astragalus.

Bttigknet, H. — Recherches sur la matiere sucree contenue dans les fruits acides, son origine, sa nature et ses transformations. 59 pp. 4to. Paris, 1860.

Cantoni, GrAETAiro. — Nuovi principi cli fisiologia vegetale applicati all' agricoltura. 24 pp. 8vo. Milan, 1860.

Carriere, M. — Considerations generates sur l'espece. Exemples de variation et de formation des races, &c. Rev. Hort. 1860. pp. 555-559, 613-616, 639-643.

Robinier faux-acacia monophylle, 1. c. pp. 629-632. With

figures.

A variety of Fobinia pseud-acacia raised by a Prench nursery- man, usually developing but terminal leaflets, which acquire a length of 5 to 6 inches.

Carttel, Th. — Proclromo della Plora toscana. 8vo. pp. 127. Flo- rence, 1860. Paris, Bailliere.

Caspary, Robt. — Einige Pelorien (Orchis latifolia, L., Columnca Schiedeana, Schldl., Digitalis purpurea, L.) Konigsb. Phys. Gles. Schrift. 1860. pp. 59-65.

Bulliarda aquatica, DC. 1. c. pp. 66-91.

An account of its structure, history, and distribution.

• Ueber Sonnenrisse. 1. c. pp. 92-4.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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artificiellement par K. F. Gaertner). Bull. Soc. Botan. Tom. vii. pp. 343-4.

A list of the parent species of 40 hybrids is given, belonging to the following genera, viz. : — Dianthus, Lychnis, Silene, OEno- thera, Lobelia, Nicotiana, Verbascum, and Digitalis.

Costa, A. C. — Index Seminum in horto botanico Archigymnasii Barcinonensis. Ann. S. N. ser. iv. (Bot.) Tom. xiii. pp. 103-5.

Cetjoee, H. — Die Entwickelung der Blume von Napoleona imperials, Beauv. Bot. Z. 1860, 361-6. With figures.

The double corona and the discoid ring surrounding the pistil originate subsequent to the development of the staminal whorl ; the inner corona is adnate below with the filaments. The affini- ties of Napoleona are discussed.

Einiges ueber die Gewebsveranderungen bei der Fortpflan-

zung durch Stecklinge. Bot. Z. 1860, 369-374. "With 1 plate.

Ceockee, C. W. — Notes on the Germination of certain species of Cyrtandreae. Linn. Proc. v. pp. 65-7. With 1 plate.

The cotyledons of Streptocarpus polyanthus at first equal, be- come in a few days after germination remarkably unequal, the larger continuing its expansion until it attains frequently a foot in length, constituting usually the only leaf of the plant. A simi- lar development of one cotyledon is exhibited by S. JRexii and S. biflorus. Mr. Crocker's observations agree with those pre- viously published by Dr. Caspary.

Cuzent, G. — Tahiti. Eecherches sur les principales productions vegetales de Tile. 8vo. pp. 275. Paris, 1860. V. Masson.

Daeach, De. — Plants flowering in the neighbourhood of Philadel- phia during the months of July, August, September and October. Phil. Acad. Proc. 1860, pp. 511-515.

Delavaud, C. — Fleurs soudees et peloriees de Linaria striata. Bull. Soc. Botan. Tom. vii. pp. 174-5.

Dickson, Alexaitoee.— On some Bisexual Cones occurring in the Spruce Fir (Abies excelsa). Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinb. vi. pp. 418-423.

The lower portion of these cones was covered with stamens, the upper producing bracts and scales as in normal female cones. Dr. Dickson found the bracts of the terminal portion to be seri- ally continuous with the stamens of the lower part.

Dippel.— Ueber die Entstehung und den Bau der Tiipfel. 1. Die Tiipfel der Holz und Geiasszellen. 2. Die Tiipfel in den Quer- wanden dikotyler GefasszeUen. Bot. Z. 1860, pp. 329-336. With 2 plates.

The development of the "pits" or " pores" on the wood-cells and vessels, takes place in a similar manner in all plants provided with them, which were examined by the author. He selects Pinus as especially suited for their study, from the large size of the pits, and its ready accessibility. The " pit" (Tiipfel), which is a closed pore widened at its base, is first formed by a folding-


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368 368 BIBLIOGRAPHY.

cissus poeticus collected in the south of France, M. Gay concludes that the corona is not a special organ nor an appendage com- parable to stipules, but that it is formed by the marginal union of the dilated connectives of three metamorphosed anthers. GrAUDrN", Ch. T. — Sur la vegetation contemporaine de l'homme primitif.

Arch. Sc. Phys. et Nat. Aug. 1860, p. 280. Goppeet, H. E. — Ueber die Anordnung der Alpenpflanzen im bota- nischen Garten zu Breslau. Flora, 1860, pp. 561-8.

Arranged with a view to afford popular instruction in the character and general relations of the Floras of high latitudes and elevations. Gbenieb, Ch. — Eecherches sur le Posidonia Caulini, Kon. Bull. Soc. Botan. Tom. vii. pp. 362-6.

An account of notices of the species from the time of Homer, with its synonymy. Gbis, Abthtje.— Note sur une plante qui constitue probablement un nouveau genre de la Tribu des Marantees. Bull. Soc. Botan. Tom. vii. pp. 320-322,

This plant, allied to Phrynium, is described under the name of Marantochloa Comorensis. Ad. Br.

Note sur l'origine et le mode de Formation des Canaux peri-

spermiques dans la Graine des Marantees. Ann. S. N. Ser. iv. (Bot.) Tom. xiii. pp. 97-102. With 2 plates. Also BuU. Soc. Botan. Tom. vii. pp. 237-9.

The canals, which are branches of the chalaza, are due to the curvature of the axis of the nucleus. Their formation may be traced as the ovule assumes its campylotropous form, from, at first, slight depressions to the long narrow blind canals, which were considered by E. Brown to be due to aborted embryos. Geisebach, A. H. E. — Flora of the British West Indian Islands. Sect. i. pt. 3. Leguminosse (Teramnus) to Loranthaceae. With Index to Section I.

New genera described are Prioria (Leguminosse, near Copai- fera) ; Anamomis (Myrtacese) ; PJuryckcenia, Chcenopleura, Criig., Pleurochcenia, Octopleura (Melastomacea?) ; Cionandra, Gionosicys (Cucurbitaceae) ; Triads and Trilolacis (Turneracese).

A synoptical key is given to the West Indian genera of Me- lastomacea?, 29 in number. Several of the generic descriptions are re-written.

Erlauterungen ausgewahlter Pflanzen des tropischen Ame-

rikas. 58 pp. 4to. (Ext. Bd. ix. Ablm. K. G. Wissen. Gottingen), 1860.

This brochure was published simultaneously with the first volume of the author's " Flora of the British West Indian Islands," and serves to explain the grounds upon which certain changes, chiefly affecting generic or ordinal circumscription, were intro- duced into that work.

Phytolaccacea?. The genus Aadestis, Moc. Sess., referred by De Candolle to Menispermacese, and by Prof. Grisebach to Phyto- laccacese, as suggested by Mr. Bentham ? is described in detail.


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370 370 BIBLIOGEAPHY.

Phlebot&nia (Poly galeae), Ditto, (Euphorbiaceae), Carpodiptera (Bombacese), Bheedia (Guttiferse), Gyrotcenia (Urticacese), Lino- dendron (Thymelese), are the new genera described.

Halliee, Eenst. — Bewegung der Pflanzen gegen verschiedene Licht- quellen, beobachtet nnd gemessen an Ornithogalum caudatum, Ait.-Plora, 1860, pp. 689-694.

Herr Hallier found the scape more susceptible to reflected than to direct solar light. It was similarly affected by artificial light, the stem bending rather towards a sheet of white paper than to the taper illuminating it.

Hanstein, Johannes. — Versuche uber die Leitung des saftes durch die Einde und Polgerungen daraus. Pringsheim's Jahr- bucher fur Wiss. Botanik. Bd. ii. pp. 392-467.

The subject is discussed under the several heads of, (1.) Can the roots nourish themselves ? or whence and in what manner do they receive assimilated nutrient matter ? (2.) Can leaves alone assimilate nutriment ? or what is required besides them to effect this ? (3.) By what channel does the plastic sap ascend to its destination ? (4.) What has the bark to do with the passage of re- dissolved substances which have been in reserve, and of assimilated sap ? (5.) Which are especially the sap-conducting tissues of the bark ? Among the general results of the author's enquiries are the following. Both roots and leaves together, must effect the assimilation of the various nutrient elements which they each take up ; neither can, apart from the other, assimilate. The sap is conveyed from the root to the leaves by the wood, the bark alone serves as the return channel for the assimilated matter. In uninjured plants the bark directly conveys, both upwards and downwards, the plastic sap derived from the leaves, and without the supply of this channel neither are the leaf-buds developed, the fruits matured, or the elements of the wood duly thickened. The bark also appears to be concerned in re-conveying to the buds dissolved reserve-nutriment. The unthickened bundles of liber- cells (BastrShren) probably serve as the principal special cortical system, conveying the plastic sap ; the cambium layer itself would seem to take as little part in the descent of formative sap as it does in the upward flow of the wood-sap.

Haetingee, Ant. — Oesterreich's u. Deutschland's wildwachsende od. Garten gezogene Giftpflanzen. Nothwendiger Atlas zu Adf. JNrtsche's Giftpflanzenbuch u. Giftpflanzen-Kalender, in natur- getreuen Abbildgn. 1. Lfg. gr. Pol. (4 chromolith. Blatt.) Wien, (Wallishausser's B.)

Heee, Oswald. — Untersuchungen tiber das Klima und die Vegeta- tionsverh'altnisse des Tertiaren landes. (Separatabdruck aus Bd. iii. d. tertiaren Plora der Schweiz). Winterthur, 1860.

Heney, Aime. — TJeber die Bildung der Wurzelfasern von Sedum Telephium, S. maximum und 8. Fabaria. With 2 plates. Bonn. Yerhand, d. N. H. V. 1860, pp. 1-12.


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Howaed, J. E. — Illustrations of the Nueva Quinologia of Pavon. Parts 5 and 6, with 6 plates. Pol. London, 1860.

Htjet, A. — Sur diverses plantes decouvertes dans le Department du Var. Bull. Soc. Botan. Tom. vii. pp. 344-6.

Jamais, Alex. — Sur une excursion scientifique aux environs de Cherbourg en Juin 1859. Bull. Soc. Botan. Tom. vii. pp. 157-164.

Jaeden", Edel. — Supplement au Zephyritis taitensis de Guillemin. Mem. Soc. Sc. Nat. Cherbourg, vii. pp. 239-244.

Kaesten, H. — Plora3 Coluinbise Terrarumque adjacentium specimina selecta. Tom. i. Ease. 3. Berlin, 1860. Polio. 20 plates.

Marssonia, a new genus of Primulacese with the habit of Cyrtandrese, is described.

Kaesten, Heematcn — Zur Parthenogenesis. Bot. Z. 1860, 387-8. Observations on a criticism of Schleiden's upon Dr. Karsten's omitting to notice the persistence of the stigma in his remarks upon the occurrence of normal fertilization in Coelebogne (in ' Das Geschlechtsleben der Pflanzen und die Parthenogenesis').

Keenee, A. — Niederosterreichische "Weiden. Yien. Z. B. V. 1860. Separatabdruck, pp. 160.

Chamitea, g. n. is founded upon Salix reticulata.

Die Eormationen immergriiner Ericineen in den nordlichen

Kalkalpen. (Schluss.) Pt. 3. Bonpl. viii. Jahrg. pp. 305-8.

Kieschlegee, Ee. — Observations sur la derniere livraison des anno- tations a la flore de Erance et d'Allemagne de M. C. Billot. Bull. Soc. Botan. Tom. vii. pp. 375-381.

Elore d' Alsace. 3e volume. 2epartie. Guide du botaniste

herborisateur a travers 1' Alsace et les montagnes des Vosges. 12mo. Strasbourg, 1860.

Klotzsch, Ee. — Linne's Natiirliche Pflanzenklasse Tricoccce des Ber- liner Herbarium's im AEgemeinen und die naturliche Ordnung Euphorbia cece insbesondere. Berlin, 1860. 4to. pp. 108. (Aus Abh. K. Ak. Wissen.).

Under the head of ' Tricocca,' Linnaeus, in i Philosophica Bo- tanica' (1751) grouped, on the ground of their close natural affinity, a number of genera for which A. L. de Jussieu, in his 1 Grenera Plantarum' (1791) proposed the name JSujihorbice, and which constitute, with the additions since made to them, the Euplwrbiacece of most recent writers.

Prof. Klotzsch, with his colleague Dr. Grarcke, proposes to break up the group into six ' natural orders,' viz. (uni- ovulate) Euphorbiacea?, Peraceas, Acalyphacese, (bi- rarely uni- ovulate), Buxacese, Phyllanthacea?, Antidesmacese.

His Order Euphorbiacese, based upon the genus JEttphorbia as commonly received, Pedilanthus and Anthostema, is to consist of 19 genera, the section Euphorbiese, EX and Grk. including 15, viz. (A. Anisophylla3 — Involucri lobimembranacei,basi callo varii- formi (glandula) instructi). Anisophyllum, Haw., Alectoroctonum, Schlecht, Tricherosterigma, Kl. and Gk., Eumecanthus, EX and


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blattrige Maranteen.— Mitth«? Euss. Gartenb. Ver. 1860. Heft 2. pp. 81-97.

Landeeek, Dr. — Botanische Mittheilungen aus Griechenland. Flora. 1860, pp. 705-713. Referring chiefly to economic products.

Lange, Joh. — Pugillus plantarum imprimis hispanicarum. 82 pp. 8vo. Copenhagen, 1860. (Ext. Nat. Videns. Med. 1860.)

Lawes, J. B., J. H. Gilbebt, and E. Pugh.— On the Sources of the Nitrogen of Vegetation, with special reference to the question whether Plants assimilate free or uncombined Nitrogen. (Abstract.) E. S. Proc. 21 June, 1860. pp. 16.

The experiments of the authors with certain Graminaceae and Leguminosae did not indicate the assimilation of free nitrogen by- plants.

Eurther investigations are required upon the question, and also as to the sources whence combined nitrogen may be derived by vegetation.

Lawson, Geokge. — Contributions to Microscopical Analysis : — Celas- trus scandens, L., with Eemarks on the Colouring Matters of Plants. Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinb. vi. pp. 362-8.

Eeferring to the histological character of the colouring sub- stance of the cells of the arillus, which occurs in the form of minute, elongated, and straight or curved granules of a bright scarlet colour.

Le Jolis, Aug. — Plantes vasculaires des environs de Cherbourg. Mem. Soc. Sc. Nat. Cherbourg, viii. pp. 245-360.

An account of the climate and general character of the vege- tation of the environs of Cherbourg is prefixed to the Catalogue of Species, — 954 in number, — which are arranged in conformity with the ' Elore de Erance' of Grenier and Godron.

Line-ley, John. — Descriptions of Coniferae sent from Japan, by J. G-. Veitch. Gard. Chron. 1861, pp. 22-3.

Livingstone, J. S.— On the Anaesthetic effects of Chloroform, Ether, and Amylene, on Sensitive Plants. Trans. Brit. Soc. Edinb. vi. p. 325.

The anaesthetic influence was found always to proceed from above downwards. The most marked effects were produced by amylene.

— — Experiments on the Effects of Narcotic and Irritant Gases on Plants. Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinb. vii. pp. 380-7.

Details are given of the effects of Sulphurous and Hydro- chloric Acid, Chlorine, Sulphuretted Hydrogen, Nitrous and Car- bonic Oxide, and Coal Gas, on Laburnum, Balsam, and a Psoralea. As regards their action on plants, the author distinguishes the two classes of narcotic and irritant gases. Plants exposed to the former until the leaves begin to droop, although the colour remains unchanged, inevitably perish. In irritant gases the action is more local, affecting first the tips of the leaves, which become disco-


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376 376 BIBLIOGRAPHY.

been just previously disturbed by the breaking up of the surface of the pebbly soil for planting ; the same circumstance favouring the increase of Achillea millefolium, upon which it is parasitic. Miers, Jon^. — On the Calyceracese. A. N. H. Ser. 3, vi. pp. 174-190, 279-238, 350-356, 396-404.

A general account of the floral structure of the group precedes the descriptive portion of the Memoir. The tubercle crowning the ovary in Calyceracese, Mr. Miers regards as an epigynous disk, adnate more or less with the base of the style within, and with the corolla- tube outside. The five glandular areola alternat- ing with the stamens probably appertain to the disk. The genus Amomocarpus is founded upon seven Chilian species. Fifteen new species of Calyceracege are described. Miquel, E. A. "W. — Flora Indiae Batavse. Suppleinentum primum. Prodromus Florae Sumatrana>, Amsterdam, Van der Post, 1860, pp. 160. With 2 plates.

With chapters on the geognosy, climate and meteorology of Sumatra, its cultivated and wild food and economic plants. A list of species hitherto found in the island is given, with locali- ties. Mueller, P. — Notes on the Plants collected during Mr. John M. Stuart's recent Expedition into the North- west interior of South Australia. Trans. Phil. Inst. Victoria, iv. pp. 183-8. Muller, Hermann. — Nachtrage und Bemerkungen zu Karsch's Phanerogamenflora der Provinz Westfalen. (Mit Beitragen von Beckhaus und Ascherson.) Bonn. Yerhand, d. N. IT. V. 1860, pp. 179-198. Muller, Karl. — Der Pflanzenstaat, oder Entwurf einer Entwicke-

lungsgeschichte des Pflanzenreiches. Leipzig. Eorstner, 1860. Murray, A.— Notes on Californian Trees. Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinb.

vi. pp. 330-353, 369-370. Neisler, H. M. — Notes on the Habits of the Common Cane (Arun- dinaria macrosperma, Mich.) Sillim. Journ. xxx. (1860), pp. 14- 16. Neubert, W. — Eahigkeit der Pilanzenwurzel feste oder gebundene

Stoffe aufzulosen. Wiirt. Nat. Jahr. xvi. p. 50. Oliver, Daniel. — On Sycopsis. - Linn. Trans, xxiii. pp. 83-9. With 1 plate.

Bycopsis is a new genus of Hamamelidece near to Distylium, S. and Z. An account is given of the geographical distribution of the Hamamelidece, and of the histological character of the wood- cells of the order. Philippi, E. A.— Elorula Atacamensis seu Enumeratio plantarum in itinere per desertum Atacamense observatarum. pp. 62. Tabb. vi. 4to. Appended to ' Eeise durch die Wiiste Atacama. Halle, 1860.

The new genera described are Stichophyllum, Micropliyes, Diazia, Silvcea (Portulacea?), Eulychnia (Cactacea?), Eremocharis,


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gigkeit der Keimung von der Temperatur. Pringsheim's Jalir- biicher fur Wiss. Botanik. Bd. ii. pp. 338-377.

The author's inquiries, conducted chiefly in the winters 1857-8 and 1858-9, were instituted with a view to determine the extremes of temperature at which the seeds of various species would germi- nate, the rate of development of the organs as affected by diverse or constant temperatures, and the effect of a fixed temperature on the different stages of development of germinating plants. The results of experiments (upon Maize, Barley, Wheat, Phaseolus multiflorus, Pea, Bean, Gucurbita JPepo and other species) are detailed — (1) on the change in the rate of extension of germi- nating rootlets and ascending organs under like temperatures : (2) the temperature most favourable to rapid development of the germ: (3) the minima and maxima at which germination takes place : and (4) the dependence of ulterior development on temperature.

A criticism upon A. DeCandolle's theory of the relation of vegetation to temperature, (Bibl. Geneve, Mars, 1860, and ' Geog. Bot.' i. 51), and a proposed formula for the expression of the empirical relation of temperature to vegetation, are added to the above details.

Savi, Pieteo. — Nota sulla morfologia e micrografia degli organi delle Cicadacee. II Nuovo Cemento, xii. 1860. Ext. pp. 8.

Schacht, H. — Der Baum. Studien iiber Bau und Leben der hoheren Gewachse. 2nd edition, 4 plates and 227 wood engravings. 8vo. Berlin, 1860.

De Maculis in plantarum vasis cellulisque lignosis obviis. An.

Sc. Nat. Bot. xiii. pp. 218-235.

Sciiafenee, Dr. — Zur Entwicklungsgeschichte des Embryos und Samens von Leucojum vernum. Flora, 1860, 577-582. With 1 plate.

Appendages of delicate membranous texture are described, developed from the germinal vesicle and projecting beyond the apex of the embryo sac. They are lost when the embryo is matured.

Schenk, Peoe. — Ueber Parthenogenesis im Pflanzenreiche. Wiirz. Nat. Z. Bd. i. pp. 85-9.

The result of experiments, chiefly upon Cannabis saliva and Mercurialis annua. No female flower, which had been cut oft' from the access of pollen, perfected fruit.

Sciilechtendal, D. F. L. v. — Nachtrag zur Geschichte der Sonnen- blume {Heliantlius annuus, L.) Bot. Z. 1860, pp. 349-350.

Abnorme Weizenahren, Bot. Z. 1860, 381-3. _

Sciilotthauber, Dr. — Zunahme der Temperatur in der unteren Region der Atmosphare, sowie Erklarung und Einfluss dieser Erscheinung auf die Vegetation. Bonplandia, 1860, pp. 371-3.

ScnoENEEELo, W. — Sur le mode de Vegetation de Y Aldrovanda vesi-


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Dr. Alex. Schrenk annis 1840-1843, collectaruni (contmuabitur). — Mosc. Bull. 1860, pp. 65-162.

Prom Manunculacece to CaryopJiyllacece. Diptycliocarpus, a new genus of Cruciferse, is described.

Tremeait de Bochebrtj^e, A. et A. Savatier. — Catalogue raisonne des plantes phanerogaines qui croissent spontanement dans le departement de la Charente. 8vo. pp. 294. Paris, Bailliere.

Treyirai^tjs, L. C. — Ueber die Prucht yon Chimonanthus, Bot. Z. 1860, p. 337.

At the narrowed extremity of the fruits were formed five re- flexed organs, which observation of their development showed to be persistent, elongated and thickened filaments.

Ueber Melampyrum pratense mit gold-gelben Kronen. Bot.

Z. 1860, pp. 337-8.

— — Weitere Bemerkun^en liber monstrose Blatter von Aristo-

locliia macrophylla. With 1 pi. Bon. Yerhand, d. N. H. V. 1860,

pp. 327-330.

With an account of the progressive stages in the development of

abnormal cup- and trough-shaped appendages on the under surface

of the leaves. Verlot, B. — Voyage de la Societe botanique de Prance a Grenoble

et dans les Hautes-Alpes en 1860. Eev. Hort. I860, pp. 521-

531.

Itinerary, with record of the interesting species collected. Wagner, Pudole. — Ueber den Oelgehalt einiger forstlicher Samen.

Wiirz. Nat. Z. Bd. 1 pp. 161-2.

Giving the percentage of oil obtained from the seeds of Beech,

Hazel, species of Pinus, &c. Wartmaists", Elie. — Note relative a 1' influence de froids excessifs sur

les graines. Arch. Sc. Phys. et Nat. Aug. 1860, p. 277. Walker-Arnott, G-. A. — Note on Hypericum anglicum, A. N. H.

Ser. 3. vi. pp. 362-6. Watson, H. C. — Part Pirst of a Supplement to the ' Cybele Britan-

nica.' Loud. 1860. (Privately distributed).

Containing two tabulated lists of British plants, showing, to- gether, the distribution of each species through the subprovincial

areas adopted by Mr. Watson in the 4th vol. of the ' Cybele.' The

subprovinces, 38 in number, are denoted by figures. Weber, C. O. — Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Pflanzlichen Missbild-

uno-en. With 2 plates. Bonn Yerhand. d. N. H. Y. 1860, pp. 333-

388. Weddell, M. — Papport sur un Memoire relatif au Cynomoriwn coc-

cineum (Brongniart, Tulasne, and Decaisne, Commissaires). C.

Eend. Aug. 1860. Welcej5R, H. — Notiz ueber das Ausspritzen des Saffces beim Zerreis-

sen saftio;er Pflanzentheile. Pringsheim's Jahrbiicher, fiir Wiss.

Bot. Bd. ii. pp. 468-9. Wydler, II. — Kleinere Beitrage zur Kenntiiiss einheimischer Gre-


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382 882 BIBLIOGRAPHY.

Strasbourg where this Eqimetum grows very abundantly, and is collected for market. He finds the toothing of the sheaths to be very variable, even upon the same stem or upon stems from the same rhizome.

Eaton, Dan. C. — Filices Wrightianse et Fendlerianse, nempe "Wright- ianae Cubenses et Fendlerianse Venezuelanse (nonnullis Panamen- sibus, etc. ex coll. A. Schott et S. Ha}^es interjectis), enumerata? novseque descripta?. Mem. Ac. Am. Sc. et Ant. 1860. N. B. vol. viii. pp. 193-220.

Haszltjstsky. — Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Karpathen-Flora. Le- bermoose. "Wien. Z. B. V. Band x. p. 315.

About 50 species of Eicciaceae, Marchantiacese and Junger- manniaceae are here given as belonging to the Flora of the dis- trict, but the author admits that the account is probably incom- plete. No new species are described.

Juratzea.. — Zur Moosflora Oesterreichs. Vien. Z. B. V. Band x. pp. 121, 367, 673.

These are three short papers on the mosses of Austria. They are almost entirely of local interest, but the second contains some remarks on " Neckera Sendtneriana" of the Bryologia Europsea. The author has lately discovered the plants in fruit, the occur- rence of which is very rare. The plant is dioecious, and he de- scribes its male and female flowers, and gives reasons for retaining it in the genus Neckera instead of placing it in Omalia, as pro- posed by Lobarzewski and Schimper.

Lowe, E. J. — Eerns, British and Exotic. Vol. viii. 108 plates. 8vo. London, 1860.

Moore. — Index Eilicum. Part 10. London. "William Pamplin.

This part contains figures of the following genera : Yittaria, Lindssea, Schizoloma, Dictyoxyphium, Adiantum, Hewardia, Adi- antopsis, Cheilanthes, Hypolepis, Cassebeera, Plecosorus and Onychium.

Kegel, E. — Ueber Earn und deren anzucht aus Sporen. Mitthn. Euss. Gartenb. Yer. 1860. Heft 2, pp. 97-105.

Eeltstsch, Pall. — Morphologische Mittheilungen. (Schluss).

Weitere Beobachtung des Ueberganges getrennter alterni- render Wirtel in eine Spiralwindung an einem unfruchtbaren Sten- gel von Equisetum Telmateia, nebst Bestatigung der in einem friiheren Aufsatze (Flora, 1858) gegebenen Erklarung dieser Erscheinung. Flora, I860, pp. 737-740.

2. Muscales.

Helflee. — Untersuchungen iiber die Hypneen Tirol's, von Ludwig Eitter von Heufler (aus den Yerhandlungen der k. k. Zool. bot. Gesellschaft in Wien (Jahrgang 1860, Abhandlungen) besonders abgedruckt.)

Of the 113 European species, 83 are described as Tyrolean,


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384 384 EIBLIOGRAPITY.

axis, as may be observed in Bartramia Halleriana Hedw. and in many Dicrana.

3. By observing the number of shoots, where several are united together, and form what the author calls a Sympodium. Some mosses produce horizontal subterranean runners, which eventually appear above ground, and produce leaves and fruit. At the point where each runner bends upwards, a bud is deve- loped in the axil of a leaf. This bud forms a second subterranean runner, and at last appears above ground like the former one. This process is repeated yearly, so that by counting the number of shoots which appear above ground, the age of the moss is ar- rived at. Minum unduiatum Hedw., Climacium dendroides W. and M., and Thamnium alopecurum Schpr. may be examined in this way.

4. This method applies to Polytrichum only, and depends upon the fact of the growth of the stem in that genus being carried on through the inflorescence.

5. The 5th method (an uncertain one) is by observation on the size of the leaves. The early spring leaves are the smallest, and those produced as the year advances become gradually larger and larger. "With the following spring the small-sized leaves reappear. Thus each point of commencement of the small-sized leaves marks the commencement of a year. In Leucobryum and in many Dicrana this plan may be used.

In the pleurocarpous mosses, the fruit not being terminal, the growth of the principal axis is not limited, and it is in most cases not possible to fix the age of the stem. An exceptional case exists in Ili/locomium splendens Schpr. where new axes of growth are formed at regular intervals.

The age of moss stems determined in this manner is found to vary between 3 and 10 years, but this does not represent the duration of the whole period of vegetation of a moss. As the moss grows, the older portions of the stem decay by degrees, and in order to determine the length of the whole period of vegetation, it is necessary to examine instances where the decay is arrested. This may be done in the case of Sphagnum where the old portions have formed peat, or where, as sometimes happens, the lower parts of a moss have become incrusted with carbonate of lime.

We have not space to go into the details of the author's re- marks upon this part of the subject, but he arrives at the con- clusion that mosses attain an age equal to that of the oldest trees. Eoze, Ernest, and E. Bescherelle. — Note sur quelques Mousses rares ou nouvelles, recemment trouvees aux moirons de Paris. Bull. Soc. Bot. vii. pp. 433-4.

3. Lichens. Massalongo. — Catagraphia nonnullarum Graphidearum Brasilien-


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386 386 BIBLIOGRAPHY.

SchwexbeneBj S. — Untersuchungen fiber den Elechten- thallus. Yon Dr. S. Schweiidener. Erster Theil, Die Strauchartigen Elechten ; mit 7 lithogr. Tafeln. Leipzig, Engelmann, 1860.

The autlior commences with the genus Usnea, describing the structure of the thallus, the division into medullary and cortical tissue, the nature of that tissue, the gonidia, the soredia, and the mode of attachment of the thallus to its support, and adds some remarks upon the nature of some species or varieties of the genus. He then treats of some other fruticulose Lichens, viz., Bryopogon, Cornicularia, Cetraria, Eamalina, Evernia, Hogenia, Spharophorus, Eoccella, Thamnolia, Cladonia, Stereocaulon, and Lichina. The Part concludes with a collection of the genera, and a description of the plates. Stenhammeb. — Exsiccater af Svenska Lafrar. Ofvers. Stockholm, 1859.

4. iPungi.

Bail. — Ueber die Myxogasteres Er. (Myxomycetes Walbroth), von Dr. Tli. Bail, mit einer Tafel. xxi. Yien. Z. B. Y. Band ix. p. 31. The author observed the process of development of Lycogala miniatum, JPhysarum columbinum, and JEthalimn septicum, and arrived at the following conclusions : That the Myxogastres have no true mycelium ; that the fruit capsules do not consist of a true membrane, and are not composed of cells, but are formed by the confluence of sarcode threads, and by the hardening of the muci- lage ; that the spores are not produced on basidia, or in asci, or in niother-cells, properly so called ; that the spores, when placed in water, do not emit germ-filaments, but the primordical utricle escapes from the ruptured spore in the form of a contractile ciliated motile organism.

He concludes that De Bary has rightly considered the Myxo- gastres as belonging to the Bhizopoda. Baela. — Descriptions et figures de quatre especes de champignons, par J. B. Barla, de Nice, M. de 1* Acad, de Nat. Cur. Nov. Act. Yol. xix. (Jenae, 1860).

This paper contains descriptions, accompanied by coloured plates, of a hew Agaric of the tribe Elammula, two new Boleti, and a new Clavaria. Baby, A. de. — Die Mycetozoen. 5 plates. Z. w. Z. x. 1.

Ueber Schwarmsporenbilduug bei einigen Pilzen. Sep. Abdk.

a. d. Ber. Nat. (xes. Ereiburg, 1860.

This paper relates to the discovery by the author of Zoospores in Eungi. The species to which the observations relate are Cys- topus candidus, Cystopus cubicus, and Peronospora devastatrix.

A translation of the paper, with illustrative figures, has ap- peared in the Annales d. Sciences Naturelles. Bebkeley. — Outlines of British Eungology, containing characters of


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388 388 BIBLIOGRAPHY.

Fries. — Calendrier des champignons sous la latitude moyenne de la Suede, par M. Elias Fries, Professeur de Botanique a l'Universite d'Upsal. Ann. S. N. tome xii. pp. 298-319.

This memoir is a translation of a communication read by M. Fries to the Academy of Sciences, at Stockholm, on the 13th May, 1857. It contains, in addition to some introductory re- marks, an account of the Fungi which appear at different times of the year, which the author divides into twelve periods : — 1. The glacial period (mensis glacialis, L.), including January and February, or the greater part of it. 2. The period of thaw {men- sis regelationis, L.), from the end of the February to the 15th or 21st of April. 3. The period of sowing, or of the flowering of the AmentacesB (mensis germinationis, L,). 4. The period of the open- ing of leaves (mensis frondescenlicE, L.), from the middle of May to the second week in June. 5. The period of the solstice (mensis jlorescentice, L.), corresponding to the three latter weeks of the month of June. 6. Midsummer, comprising the greater part of the month of July. 7. The period of hay-harvest (mensis matu- rationis, L.), including the last week of July and the first two weeks of August. 8. Harvest-time {messis, L.), extending over the latter half of August and the first eight days of September.

9. The end of summer (L'arriere-ete, Efter sommaren) (mensis disseminationis, L.), from September 8 to the end of the month.

10. The fall of the leaf (mensis defoliationis, L.), commencing with the first nights of intense frost, usually at the end of Sep- tember or the beginning of October. 11. The period of frost (mensis congelationis, L.), when mild days alternate with frosty nights, corresponding usually with November. 12. The period of snow, or the time when snow lies, being usually December.

Hoffmann. — Untersuchungen iiber die Keimung der Pilzsporen von Hermann Hoffmann. Jahrbiicher fur wissenschaftliche Botanik Band ii. Heft 3. Berlin, 1880. Hirchswald.

This paper contains figures of the spores of 48 species of Fungi belonging to different families ; the figures in most cases, though not in all, exhibiting also the mode of germination of the spores. In some instances the germinating thread or the con- tents of the spore were observed to assume a blue colour under iodine, or iodine and sulphuric acid, and the same reaction was observed in the asci of Bulgaria inquinans and Peziza vesiculosa. In speaking of the germination of Hymenogaster Klotzschii Tul. the author expresses an opinion that the hyaline sac spoken of by Tulasne as enclosing two spores, is not really a sac but an inver- sion of a very wide basidium. The second part of the paper con- tains an account of the author's apparatus and mode of observa- tion; some general remarks upon the development, structure and composition of spores, their mode of dispersion and germina- tion. The effect of light, of different degrees of temperature, and of various chemical substances upon germination is also dis-


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390 390 BIBLIOGRAPHY.

gives the name of Ditiola mucida. He calls attention to the con- flicting accounts given by mycologists of the fructification of Ditiola, and inclines to Bail's opinion that the genus is really ascigerous. The first paper also contains some observations upon the structure of Dacrymyces stillatus, tending to show that a true hymenial layer sometimes exists in that plant.

The second paper relates to the Sclerotium of Agaricus tube- rosus Bull, and to the fungus produced by it. The author con- siders that the Sclerotium and the Agaric have each a special individuality, and that they stand to each other in the same relation as Hydnum auriscalpium does to the fir-cones upon which it grows. He observes that the Agaric when withered revives in water, and that therefore it is rather a Marasmius than a Collybia, notwithstanding the nature of its stem. This latter paper also contains an account of an Agaric supposed to be a variety of Agaricus horizontals Bull. It is described at length and well-figured. It has cinnamon spores, and would belong to the series Derminus, but its consistence is that of a Marasmius. This leads the author to suggest that it might be advisable to extend the genus Marasmius, so as to include all central stemmed persistent Agaricini, whether the spores be white or coloured. The writer is in error in supposing that Agaricus horizontalis has not been observed since the time of Bulliard. It occurs occa- sionally (although rarely) upon elm-trees in this country. (See

B. and Br. Notices of British Fungi, No. 391, and Berkeley's Out- lines of Fungology.)

Niessl. — Zweiter Beitrag zur Pilzflora von Nieder-Oesterreich von

G-. v. Niessl. Vien. Z. B. V. Band ix. p. 177. Pasteur, L. — Recherches sur le mode de nutrition des Mucedinees.

C. rend. LI. p. 709,

Rabekhorst. — Fungi Europsei exsiccati (Klotzschii herbarii vivi my-

cologici continuatio) . Editio nova, series secunda. Centuria ii.

Cura Dr. L. Babenhorst. Dresd. MDCCCLX. Typis Caroli

Heinrich, 4.

The species published in this century are set out in Botanische

Zeitung, 11 Mai, 1860. Ravekel, H. W.— Fungi Caroliniani exsiccati: Fungi of Carolina

illustrated by natural specimens of the species. Fasc. i. — v. Richter. — Commentatio de favo ejuscuie fungo. Dissert, inaug.

pathol. bot. quain cons. grat. medicor. ord. in univers. Yiadrina d.

xxiii. m. Junii, etc.,publ. def. auctor Bert'.ioldus Richter, Silesius,

etc. Adjectse sunt tabulae duse lithographicse. Yratislavias typ.

Boehmeri et Minuthii. 8, 63, s. Tulasne. — De Quelques Spherics fongicoles a propos d'un memoire

de m. Antoine de Bary sur les Nyctalis par MM. Tulasue. Ann.

des Sc. Nat. T. xiii. (Botanique), p. 6. 4 ser.

This paper is noticed at some length in the review of Mr.

Berkeley's work (sup. p. 12). In addition to the matter there

referred to, it contains a monograph of the genus Hypomyces,


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392 392 BIBLIOGRAPHY.

transversely into four spores, and fixed to a reticulate placenta ; the other containing, in the interior, a mass of round spores, immersed in the middle of a filamentous tissue. Crouan. — Notice sur quelques especes et genres nouveaux d'algues marines de la rade de Brest, par MM. Crouan freres, Pharma- ciens. Ann. S. N. Vol. xii. p. 288. 4 ser.

Vlvella Crouan, (gen. nov.)

Frond green, lentiform, 1-2 mill, in diameter, horizontal, ad- herent by the whole inferior surface ; formed in the centre of its surface of round, oval, or angular cells, embedded in a sub-gelati- nous substance, reticulated, and containing some sporidia in their interior. Towards the periphery they become ovoid or rec- tangular, are much smaller, separated from one another, and disposed in radiant lines, simple or forked at their extremities. A vertical section of the frond exhibits the central cellules, ar- ranged in almost perpendicular series, and filled with endochrome.

This genus (the authors say) resembles, at first sight, under the microscope, the first state of development of the sporidia of Enteromorpha ; but its uniform size at all seasons of the year, its structure, and sporidia, point to its being a new genus of the Ulvacea?.

Cruoriella Crouan (gen. nov.)

Frond horizontal, 1-2 centimetres in diameter, adherent by the whole of its inferior surface, of a deep purple, having the ap- pearance of a Peyssonelia, composed of filaments, plunged in and held together by gelatine; the surface exhibiting the lines of* the spherical cellules radiating towards the periphery in the form of a fan. JVematheccd numerous, scattered over the frond, very slightly prominent, formed of simple articulated filaments,, the lower joints very large, spherical, or square, then becoming 1£ times as long as broad, and 3-4 times as long as broad at the summits, which are attenuated, cystocarps immersed in the middle of the nematoid filaments, at the spot where their diameter becomes abruptly diminished, bearing round or square spores, joined end to end, and resembling little heaps, in a simple or cli- chotomous series, fixed together by gelatine. Sphserospores oblong, crucial, attached to the summit of a long articulated pe- dicel, and immersed in the middle of forked and fibrillose filaments constituting the Nematheca.

This plant, the authors observe, differs in fructification and structure from all known Squamarias.

Rhododiscus Crouan (gen. nov.)

Frond, 3-8 mill, in diameter, disciform, of a beautiful rose- carmine, adherent by the whole of its inferior surface, a little thickened in the centre, which is sometimes lifted up and detached from its support ; fining off towards the periphery into a very delicate, fan- shaped, lobed membrane, sometimes laciniated, and presenting on its surface dichotomous series of ovoid or angular


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394 394 BIBLIOGRAPHY.

Harvey. -Index Generum Algarum ; or, a Systematic Catalogue of tlie Genera of Alga?, Marine and Freshwater, with an alphabetical key to all the names and synonyms, by W. H. Harvey, M.D., E.E.S., &c. London, John van Voorst, 1860.

Dr. "W. H. — Phycologia Australica; or, a History of Aus- tralian Sea Weeds, 1860. London, L. Keeve. Vol. iii. and iv. fasc. 31, 32. Tab. cxxi.-cxcii.

Hicks. — On the amoeboid condition of Volvox globator, by J. Brax- ton Hicks, M.D., Lond,, E.L.S., &c. Q. J. M. S. April, 1860. Vol. viii. p. 99.

. Contributions to the knowledge of the development of the

gonidia of Lichens in relation to the unicellular Algse, &o, by J. Braxton Hicks, M.D., Lond., E.L.S., &c. Fasc. I. Q. J. M. S. October, 1860. Vol. viii. p. 239.

Contributions to the knowledge of the development of the

gonidia of Lichens in relation to the unicellular Alga?. By J. Braxton Hicks, M.D. Lond., E.L.S. Fasc. II. Quart. J. M. S. New Series, part I.

Hohenacker, Dr. E. P.— Alga? marina? siccata?. Eine Sammlung europaischer u. auslandischer Meeralgen in getrockneter Exem- plaren, mit einem kurzen Texte versehen von Prof. Dr. Kiitzmg. Achte Lieferung, 50 Arten enthaltend. Herausgegeben von Dr. E. E. Hohenacker Kirchheim u. T., Konigreich Wurtemberg, 1860, fol.

Johnstoke and Croall. — The nature-printed sea-weeds : a history, accompanied by figures and dissections, of the Alga? of the British Isles, by William Grosart Johnstone and Alexander Croall. Nature-printed, by Henry Bradbury. Vols. 2, 3, 4. London, Bradbury, 1859-60. Eoy. 8vo. Vol. 2. Ehodospermea?. Vol. 3. Melanospermea?. Vol. 4. Chlorospermea?.

Karsten.— Berechtigung zu Pringsheim's Nachtrag zur Kritik und Geschichte der TJntersuchungen ii-ber das Algengeschlecht von Dr. Hermann Karsten Botanische Zeitiuig, Dec. 14, 1860.

This paper refers to a matter (of opinion) in dispute between the author and Dr. Pringsheim as to the mode of impregnation in Vaucheria. The bitterness of feeling which it exhibits, and the uncourteous manner in which the author speaks of his opponent, are much to be regretted, and are of a nature rarely to be met with in a scientific discussion. It is surprising that the editors of the Botanische Zeitung should have admitted such personalities into their columns.

Kutzing, Fr. T. — Tabulae phycologicae od. Abbildgn. der Tange. Vol. x. 100 plates. Eoy. 8vo. Nordh. 1860. col. plates.

Lawson, Geo. — On the structure and development of Botrydium Granulatum. Ed. Bot. Soc. Trans, vi. 424-431. With 1 PL

Lobb. — On the self-division of Micrasterias denticulata by Mr. Lobb.

Q. J. M. S. New Series, No. 1. Lowe, John.— On Sarcina ventriculi, Good. Ed. Bot. Soc. Trans, vi. 371-7.


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396 396 BIBLIOGRAPHY.

the left or to the right ; that if the direction of the turn of the spiral and of its revolutions on its axis coincide, the plant moves forwards ; if the contrary, backwards : that for each revolution on its axis, the plant progresses or retrogrades to the extent of one turn of the spiral ; that one revolution lasts generally from one to five seconds ; that each plant has a revolving pendulum motion* (Kreispendel-Schwingung), which may take place either at one end or both ; that one such revolution coincides in time with one revolution of the plant on its own axis ; that the revolv- ing pendulum motion may take place either to the left or to the right ; that the direction of the pendulum motion in left-handed spirals is always to the left, in right-handed spirals, sometimes to the left and sometimes to the right.

The second part of the paper is devoted to an inquiry into the probable causes of the motion, the result of which is summed up" as follows, viz. : that special causes of motion, such as cilia, &c. do not exist ; that external influences, such as light, heat, cur- rents of water, &c. are not the cause ; that the origin of the motion must be sought for in the plant itself, and stand in some relation to its vital condition ; that the movements observed in the higher plants (which are also unexplained) cannot be com- pared with those of the OscillarisB ; that endosmose affords no sufficient explanation ; that the resemblance in many respects to animal motion is undeniable, but that there is no sufficient proof to establish the animal nature of the alga or of its movements.

Roper, E. C. 8. — On Triceratimn arcticum. Q. J. M. S. vol. viii. p. 55.

Smith.— -Notes on Diatomacea?, found near Gambia, O. By Professor Hamilton L. Smith, of Kenyon College, Grambia, O. Q. J. M. S. vol. viii. p. 33.

Stizeistberger. — Dr. Ludwig Rabenhorst's Algen Sachsens resp. Mittel-Europa's Decade I — C. Systematisch geordnet (mit Zu- grundelegung eines neuen Systems) von Dr. Ernst Stizenberger. Dresden, 1860. Heinrich.

Venture — Beobachtungen iiber die Fructifications- or gane der Elo- rideen von Dr. Gustav Venturi. Wien. Z. B. Y. Band x. p. 583. This paper relates to the discovery, by the author, of certain organs in Wrangelia penicellata, Polysiphonia elongata, and Calli- thamnion versicolor, which have the appearance of being anthe- riclia. True spermatozoa have not been seen, although in Cal- lithamnion versicolor the upper cells of the antheridia contained minute cellules in which slight movements were observed. Erom the author's account we suspect this motion was only molecular.

in any plane, and is so set in motion as to cause its extremity to describe a circle
 * That is to say, the motion of a pendulum, when the extremity of it can move

or an ellipse.


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398 398 BIBLIOGRAPHY.

G-ennart, Dr. — Cryptogamae vasculares Ligusticre. Mem. Ace. clt Torino, 1859.

Glaser. — Blicke in die Cryptogamenwelt der Ostseeprovinzen. 2. Ab- tlieilung, (Aus den Arckiv fiir die JNatiirkunde Liv.-Ehst-und Kurland's abgedruckt.) Dorpat, 1859. 8vo. (54 pp.) (Glaser.)

Montagne. — Huitierne centurie de plantes cellulaires nouvelles tant indigenes qu'exotiques, par Camille Montagne, D. M. Decades IX et X. Ann. S. N. Tom. xii. pp. 167-192. 4 ser.

This paper contains descriptions of some new Algae, Lichens, and Fungi, including some vegetable productions, found in the mineral waters of Gazost, St. Honor e,Valdieri, Ems and Loueche. The author also calls attention to the mode of growth of the pro- embryonal filaments of Gymnostomum calcareum, which were found forming a green velvety layer on the stone-work of a bath. It will be curious (says the author), to know whether this deve- lopment is normal or exceptional, or dependent upon locality ; and especially whether the plant, under such circumstances, would perfect its development.

Poetsch. — Neue Beitrage zur Kryptogamen- flora Nieder Oester- reichs, von J. S. Poetsch. Wien. Z. B. V. Band ix. p. 127.

Pokornt.— Beitrag zur Flora des ungarischen Tieflandes von Dr. A. Pokorny. Wien Z. B. V. Band x. p. 283.

Eabenhorst. — Cryptogamae vasculares Europeae. Die Gefass. Kryp- togamen Europa's, unter Mitwirkung mehrerer Freunde der Botanik gesammelt und herausg. v. Dr. L. Babenhorst. Fasc. III. No. 51-75. Dresden, 1860. Druck v. Heinrich.

The species published in this fascicle are set out in the Bota- nische Zeitung for July 20, 1860.


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Rh CRYPTO GAMIA, 397

Figures of the anthcridia in each of the three species accompany the paper.

"Wallich. — On the development and structure of the Diatom-valve. By G. C. Wallich, M.D., F.L.S. Q. J. M. S. April, 1860. Vol. viii. p. 129.

On the Siliceous Organisms of the digestive cavities of the

Salpae, and their relation to the flint nodules of the chalk forma- tion. By Surgeon G. C. Wallich, M.D., Eetired List H. M. Indian Army. Q. J. M. S. January, 1860. Vol. viii. p. 36. Descriptions of Desmidiacea3 from Lower Bengal. A. N. H.

3 ser. v. p. 184.

Weise, J. P. — Les Diatomaces du limon d'Arensbourg de Haspal et de Staraia-Boussa. Petersb. Mem. I.

West. — Bemarks on some Diatomaceae, new or imperfectly des- cribed, and a new Desmid. By Tuffen West, F.L.S. Q. J. M. S. July 1860. Vol. vii. p. 147. <

Bemarks on some new Microscopic Alga3, collected by Tlios.

Atthey. Tynes. Trans, iv. p. 321.

6. Miscellanea of Gryptogamic Botany.

Bertolent. — Mora Italica cryptogarua, Fasc. ii. Bononiae, 1859. 8vo. pp. 129-256. Wien, Sallmayer and Co.

Bischoef. — Allgemeine Uebersicht der Organisation der phaneroga- men imd kryptogamen Pllanzen. 3911 lithographirte Abbildun- gen auf 77 Tafeln mit organologischen, systematischen und Namen-register (Abdruck aus dem Handbuche der botanischer Terminologie und System-kunde) 2. Abtheilungen. Neue wohl- feile Ausgabe. Leipsic. Schrag. 4.

1. Phanerogamen-kunde mit 2200 Abbildungen auf 47 Tafeln, 23 pp.

2. Kryptogamen-kunde mit 1712 Abbildungen auf 30 Tafeln, 19 pp.

Breetel. — Flora G-ermanica exsiccata Cryptogamica. Centuria I. 2te Auflage. Pol.

A collection of dried cryptogamic plants, of which this first century contains 8 species of vascular cryptogams, 8 species of liverworts, 66 species of mosses (including 10 of Sphagnum), and 18 species and varieties of Algae, chiefly from the Baltic.

Ciccoke. — De la nature des globules ovoides dans les vers a soie, par M. A. Ciccone.

The author remarks that it is beyond a doubt that the ovoid corpuscles play an important part in the prevalent malady of silk- worms, but that it remains to be proved what those corpuscles are. Are they, he asks, crystals, or psorosperms, or haernatozoids, or unicellular algae, or panhistophytons, or merely organic elements of the worm ? The author decides that the globules in question are organic elements of the silk-worm, and are a modified form of certain small globules found in the body of th* wo—


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Luders. — EJnige Bemcrkungcn iiber Diatomeen-Cysten unci Diato- meen-Schwarmsporen von Joh. E. Luders. Botanische Zeitung, 30 November, 1860.

The author, after referring to the observations of Smith (Bri- tish Diatomacea?, Vol. 2, p. xv.) and of Hofrneister (Bericht iiber die Verhandl. der Konigl. Sachs. Gesellschaft der Wissensch. zu Leipzig, 1S54, i. p. 28), and to the remarks of De Bary in the Supplement to the Bot. Zeitung for 1858 (p. 62) gives an account of his own observations upon Synedra radians, Cocconema, and Gromphonema, which he says show clearly that the cysts are formed by Amoeba?. He also describes the production of infu- soria in the cells of Podosphenia Lyngbyei, Achnanthes longipes, Melosira Borrerii, Amphora ovalis, Gomphonema constricta, acu- minata and intricata. He considers it probable that these infu- soria or some allied productions have given rise to the notion of the existence of zoospores in the Diatomacea?, but adds that he has never yet succeeded in finding true zoospores in that tribe of plants.

Norman. — On some undescribed species of Diatomaceae by Greorge Norman, Esq., of Hull. Quart. Journ. of Mic. Sc. New Series, Part 1.

Prixgsheim. — Nachtrag zur Kritik und Greschichte der Untersuch- ungen iiber das Algengeschlecht von N. Pringsheim ; Jahrbiicher fiir wissenschaftliche Botanik, Band ii. Drittes Heft, p. 470.

This paper relates to the reproductive process in Vaucheria, and is devoted to a refutation of Dr. Karsten's objections to the author's published observations on that phenomenon.

Pritchard. — A History of Infusoria, including the Desmidiacea? and DiatomaceaB, &c. By Andrew Pritchard, M.E.I. Fourth edition, enlarged and revised by J. T. Arlidge, W. Archer, J. Ealfs, W. C. Williamson, and the author. 40 plates, pp. 968.

Eabexhorst, Dr. L. — Die Algen Sachsens, resp. Mittel-Europa's. Unter Mirwirkg. der H. H. Ardissone, de Bary, Bulnheim, etc. gesammelt u. hrsg. Decade 97-100. gr. 8. (a 10 Bl. m. aufgekleb- ten Pflanzen u. Alphabet. Verzeichniss 16 S.) Dresden, 1860, (am Ende.) cart.

Eeixice^;, E. — Die Bewegung der Oscillarien besonders der Spiru- lina. Beitrage zur neuern Mikroskopie, zweiter Heft. 8vo. Dresden.

The first part of this paper contains some remarks upon the movements of the Oscillariae, with reference to the observations of Adanson, Brown, Saussure, Karsten, Mayer, and d'Alquen ; but the principal portion is devoted to the author's observations on the movements of a new species of Spirulina (Spirulina gra- cillima, Eabenhorst, Algen Sachsens, resp. Mittel-Europas, No. 895). He gives, as the result of his observations, the following facts : that in this species the spiral is sometimes left- sometimes right-handed ; that each spiral can revolve on its axi*, either to


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radiating cellules ; spharospores numerous, internal, obovate, crucial, occupying the summit of the perpendicular series of cel- lules.

This plant is classified by the authors in Trib. II. of the Squa- maria? (J. Ag.), for which they establish a new section.

The above paper contains also descriptions of a new species of Callithamnion, and a new species of Calothrix. It is accompanied by 2 plates, containing 41 figures.

Dippel. — Versteinerte algen. Eegensburg Flora, 1SG0, p. 207.

Donkls. — On the marine DiatomaceaD of Northumberland, with a description of several new species. By Arthur Scott Donkin, M.D., L.E.C.S. Quart. J. M. S. New series, pt. 1.

Druce. — On the reproductive process in the Confervoidae. By T. C. Druce, Esq. Q, J. M. S. April, 1860. Yol. viii. p. 71.

Famestzin". — Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Yalonia utricularis von A. Famintzin. Botanische Zeitung, Oct. 26, 1860.

From the results of his observations, the author draws the conclusion that the groups of cells of Valonia must be considered, not as colonies of unicellular individuals, but as multicellular plants, composed of stem, root, and branch cells. He considers that Yalonia, in its structure, growth, and mode of junction of its cells, as well as in the development and structure of its zoospores, is clearly allied to Cladophora, from which it differs in the want of apical growth and irregular ramification of its thallus, and par- ticularly in the fact of each cell (except the root- cells) being capable of throwing out branches from any point of the surface.

Greville. — On Campylodiscus, &c, by E. K. Greville, L.L.D., F.E.S.E., &c. Q. J. M. S. Jan. 1860, vol. viii. p. 29.

■ " A monograph of the genus Asterolampra, including Asterom-

phalus and Spatangidium, by E. K. Greville, L.L.D., F.E.S.E., &c. Q. J. M. S. April, 1860, vol. viii. p. 102.

Grlxow. — Ueber neue oder ungeniigend gekannte Algen. Erste Folge Diatomaceen, Familie NavicuLaceen. "VYien. Z. B. Y. Band x. p. 503.

This paper contains some general introductory remarks upon the structure of diatoms, followed by a new arrangement of the order (making eleven families and 73 genera), founded principally upon the system of Kiitzing. Smith's arrangement is objected to, as having the effect of separating closely allied genera, and of breaking up of other genera and even species. The author gives a detailed account of the family Naviculacc?e, which he arranges in 13 genera, including a new one, Scoliopleura, formed for the reception of Navicula Jenneri, convexa and AYestii of Smith, and of tAvo new species discovered by the writer. The genus is dis- tinguished from Navicula by the fact of the median line not being always sigma-shaped, and by the relative position of the valves, which, when seen from above, do not cover, but cut one another at an acute angle,


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and some remarks upon the identity of Trichodcrma viride with Hygocrea nifa, and upon the conidia of Hypocrea delicatula, Tul. (a new species), and of Cordyceps ophioglossoides, Pers. Westekdorp. — Sixieme notice sur quelques Cryptogames inedites ou nouvelle pour la Flore Beige ; par Gr. D. Westendorp. Bul- letin de l'Academie Eoyale de Belgique. 2 ser. vol vii.

This paper is a continuation of others, which have appeared in the 12th, 18th, 19th, and 21st vols, of the first series, and in the 2nd vol. of the 2nd series of the Eeports of the Belgian Aca- demy. It describes (besides some Mosses and Lichens from Lux- embourg and Hainault), a number of Pyrenomycetes, including a new species of Cordyceps, eleven new species of Sphseria, two new species of Pestalozzia, two new species of Macroplodia ; two new species of Staurosphseria ; and two new species of Phoma. Some observations on the nature of ergot will be found at p. 80.

5. Algce.

Archer. — On the occurrence of Zoospores in the family Desmidi- acese, by William Archer. Natural Hist. Review, and Quarterly Journal of Science, July, 1860. Quarterly Journal of Microsco- pical Science, October, I860.

Arnott.— On Cyclotella, by G. A.Walker Arnott. Q. J. M. S. October, 1860. Vol. viii. p. 244.

Brady, Geo. S. — A Catalogue of the Marine Algae of Northumber- land and Durham. Tynes. Trans, iv. p. 266.

Brightwell. — On some of the rarer or undescribed species of Dia- tornaceaa. Part II. By T. Brightwell, F.L.S. Q. J. M. S. Jan. 1860. Vol. viii. p. 93.

Crouan, Freres. — Liste des algues marines decouvertes dans le Finistere depuis la publication des algues de ce departement en 1852. Bull. Soc. Botan. Tom. vii. pp. 367-373:

■ Notice sur le genre Hapalidium, par MM. Crouan freres,

Pharmaciens. Ann. S. N. Vol. xii. p. 284. 4 ser.

The wish (say the authors) to elucidate the characters of the genus Hapalidium, of which the fructification has hitherto been unknown, has induced us to study it ; and we are happy to be able to rectify the characters of the genus, and to make known the two kinds of fructification, as well as to publish three new species.

Genus Hapalidium Kutz. — Phyc. gen. p. 385. Sp. Alg. p. 698. Crouan M. S. char, reform.

Frond calcareous, formed of capillary dichotomous articulate filaments, or of little lobes or flabelliform disks, fixed horizontally, and adherent by all their parts ; stratum simple, formed of cel- lules, arranged in lines radiating towards the periphery, square or rectangular, furnished in the centre with a rosy nucleus, and sur- rounded by a cretaceous border, forming a net- work. Ceramidia not opaque, of two sorts, the one sort enclosing, in the lower part, a mass of elliptical or pyriform spha?rospores, straight, divided

VOL. I. — S, H. R. 3 E


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cussed, and the details of a number of observations upon these points are added. Hoffmann. — Beitrage zur Entwickelungsgeschichte mid Anatomie

dor Agarieinen von Hermann Hoffmann. Bot. Z. 21 Dec. and 28 Dec. 1860.

■ Mycologische Studien uber die Gahrung, von Hermann

Hoffmann. Botanische Zeitung, 3rd Feb. I860, and 6th Feb. 1860.

Index Mycologicns. Sistens Icones et epecimina sicca

fungorum Europa?orum et exoticorum imprimis nupcr (indc a publicatione Friesiani systematis mycologici, et quoad species germanicas — Babemhorstii manualis florae germanicas cryptoga- micse) edita, ordine alphabetico composita, cum synonymic Autore Hermann Hoffmann.

This Index is in the form of a supplement to the Botanische Zeitung, 1860.

Hofmeister. — TJeber die Entwickelung der Sporen von Tuber sati- vum Yittad. Pringsheim's Jahrb. fur wiss. Bot. vol. 3, pt. 3, 1860.

Maisoxxeeve. — Note sur le Sphoeria militaris, Ehrh. considere comme parasite de la chenille processionaire du Pin (Bombyx pityocampa, Fabr.), communiquee au Congres cles delcgues des societes savantes en Avril, 1S59 ; par M. Durieu de Maisonneuve. (A pamphlet in 8vo. of eight pages, without date or indication of its origin, extracted, it would seem, from the proceedings of the meeting).

In the department of the Grironde, the caterpillar, which de- vours the leaves of the young shoots of firs, had made such ravages in the year 1858, that the proprietors were alarmed for the fate of their woods. This fact was followed by the appear- ance, in immense quantities, of SpJi. militaris, Ehrh., one of the club-shaped species of Sphoeria parasitic on the larva? of insects, and which is remarkable for its golden red colour. M. Durieu de Maisonneuve, having visited the woods in December, 1858, observed at once several individuals of this Sphoeria parasitic upon the caterpillar, which was enclosed in its cocoon, not having yet passed into its chrysalid condition. In all the other parts of the woods which he visited, he observed the same Fungus, at- tached to the same caterpillar, dead, and buried in the ground. M. Tulasne has observed that the perfect state of Sph. militaris is much more rare than its secondary or isarioid condition ; and that this latter is more rare than its primary or byssoid state ; and inasmuch as the perfect plant "occurred in such quantities that the ground round the diseased trees was covered with it, the quantity of caterpillars destroyed by this Sphoeria in all stages of its growth must (in the author's opinion) have been prodigious.

Muggexberg. —Beitrage zur Pilzkunde von St. Schulzer v. Muggen- burg. Wien. Z. B. V. Band x. p. 321 and 807.

The first of these two papers contains an account of a new fungus supposed to be a species of Ditiola, to which the author


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above a thousand species of Fungi, and a complete list of all that have been described as natives of the British Isles. By the Rev. M. J. Berkeley, M.A., F.L.S., Author of " Introduction to Oryp- togamic Botany." London : Lovell Eeeve, 1860. (This work is noticed, sup. p. 5.)

Bom)eden. — Zur Kenntniss einiger der wichtigsten G-attungen der Coniomyceten und Cryptoniyceten, von Dr. Bonorden, mit drei colorirten tafeln. Halle. Schmidt, 1860.

Boussingault.— Observations relatives au developpement des My- codermes. C. Een. LI. p. 671.

Coemans. — Notice sur le Pilobolus crystallinus ; par Eug. Coemans. Bull, de l'Acad. Eoy. de Belgique, 2nd Ser. vol. viii. p. 199.

This paper contains observations on the structure and develop- ment of the vegetative portion of P. crystallinus, as also on the structure of the sporangium, and of its covering membrane, and of the cause and mode of its projection from the plant.

Eecherches sur la genese et les metamorphoses de la Peziza

Sclerotiorum Lib., par M. Eugene Coemans, Bull, de l'Acad. Eoy. de Belgique. 2 ser. vol. ix. 1860, p. 62.

The first state of the fungus (periode nematoide ou sphacelienne) consists of a system of filaments which produce acrogenous spores. After a few weeks these filaments become condensed and form a rounded or irregular mass, and a black epidermis is formed from the extremities of the filaments. In this state (l'etat sclerotien) the fungus lives through the winter. In spring the epidermal cellules swell and become elongated, and produce a rounded stem which bears a cinnamon-coloured cup. The plant is then in the perfect state (l'etat pezizoide) and the fungus recognizable as Peziza Sclerotiorum Lib.

The author describes at length the three different stages above mentioned. He notices the production during the Sphace- lioid state of three sorts of spores, viz. small oval spores, large cylindrical or fusiform spores 5 and rounded spores, but no true spermatia. A section is devoted to the different parasites ob- served to grow in company with the sphacelia. In the Scle- rotioid state M. Coemans observed an exudation similar to that mentioned by Tulasne in Sclerotium Clavus. The author then describes his experiments with the Sclerotium. He did not succeed in rearing the Peziza from Sclerotia suspended in bottles, but those sown in pots, in mould, produced an abundant crop. M. Coemans entertains no doubt, of the Sclerotium being the Mycelium of the Peziza, there being, he says, no ground for sus- pecting parasitism, as in the cases of Agaricus tuberosus and Ag. stercorarius. The Sclerotia from which the Peziza was produced varied much in appearance, answering to the forms described as species under the names varium Pers., compactum D.C. tectum Ei, bullatum D.C. and spha?ri?eformis Lib. Eermond, Ch. — Sur une prolification de Y Agaricus eclulis. Bull. Soc. Bot. vii. pp. 496-8.


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sum (ex herbario Heufleriano) auctore A. D. B. Massalon^o. Wien. Z. B. V. Band x. p. 675.

This paper contains a description, accompanied by figures, of the apothecia and fruit of seven new Lichens from Brasil. The description is preceded by a short " Conspectus Graph idearum." Two of the plants described belong to the genus Opegrapha, one to Pyrrhographa, two to Arthothelium, and one to Thecographa. The seventh constitutes a new genus, Creographa, allied to Me- dusula.

Nylakder. — Prodromus expositionis Lichenum Novas Caledonia, seripsit Wm. Nylander. Ann. des Sc. Naturelles, tome xii. pp. 280-283.

This paper contains an account of a small collection (twenty- six in number) of Lichens made in New Caledonia, by D. D. Yieillard and Paucher. Six of the species are European, the rest Polynesian, Japanese and Australian. The author remarks that of the species which are found in New Zealand more than half are European.

Dispositio Psoromatum et Pannariarum, seripsit Wm. Ny-

lander. Ann. des Sc. Naturelles, tome xii. p. 293-295.

The author remarks that,- so far as regards the distinction between these genera, it is sufficient to say that the thallus of Psoroma has true gonidia, and that of Pannaria only gonimic granules, a distinction, he adds, analogous to that which exists between Nephroma and Nephromium, and Sticta and Stictina. The author divides Psoroma into two sections, separated by the nature of the margin of the apothecia, and Pannaria into two sections, the first having lecanorine, and the second biatorine apothecia.

De Stictis et Stictinis adnotatio. Eegensburg Elora, 1860,

pp. 65, 66.

Conspectus TJmbilicariarum. Eegensburg Flora, 1860, pp.

-117, 18. Payod, Y.— Elore de Chamounix. Eamille des Lichens. Bulletin

de la Soc. Vaudoise des Sciences naturelles. Tome vi. p. 421.

An account of the Lichens of Chamounix. Eabexhorst, L. — Lichenes Europsei exsiccati. Die Elechten Eu-

ropa's unter Mitwirkung mehrerer nahmhafter Botaniker. Gres.

u. herausg. v. Dr. L. Eabenhorst, Ease, xviii. ; Dresden, Druck v.

C. Heinrich. 8vo.

A list of the species published nthis fascicle is given in the

Botanische Zeitung for June 29, 1860. Cladoniae Europaeae. Die Cladonien Europa's. Unter Mit-

wirkg. mehrerer Ereunde der Botanik gesammelt u. hrsg. Eol.

(12 S. u. 39 Bl. m. aufgeklebten Pnanzen). Ebd. 1860. In Carton. Senft, Dr. — Die Elechten im Dienste der Natur. Eegensburg Flora,

1860, pp. 193-199.


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and the synonymy of cadi species is given. The systematic part of the work is preceded by some general remarks on the soil, on the influence of light, warmth, moisture, &c„ on the difference between North and South Tyrol with regard to the presence of certain species, on the relation of the Tyrolean Moss-Mora to that of other countries, and on the probability of the discovery of further species. Loeextz. — Beitrage zur Biologie u. Geographie der Laubmoose. Eine Abhandlung zur Erlangung der philosophischen Doetor- wiirde ron Paul G-tmther Lorentz. Munchen, 18G0. 4.

This work contains details of the ranges of altitude of upwards of 300 Mosses observed by the author in Bavaria, the Black Forest, the Austrian Alps, and in Switzerland, with notices of the chemical nature of the soil in many localities. The author also speaks of the changes which different mosses undergo under diffe- rent circumstances. Notabis (J. de) Musei Napoani, siye Muscorum ad flumen Napo in Columbia a clariss. Osculati lectorum recensio. Tur. Mem. xviii.

Appunti per im nuovo censimento delle Epatiche italiane.

Tur. Mem. xviii. Rabeshobst. — Hepaticae europaeae. Die Lebermoose Europa's unter Mitwirkg. mehrerer namhafter Botaniker gesammelt u. hrsg. Decas 13 u. 14. gr. 8. (20 Bl. m. aufgeklebten Pflanzen.) Ebd. 1860, cart. Eeichabdt. — Ueber das Alten der Laubmoose von Dr. H. W. Eeichardt. Wien. Z. B. V. Band x. p. 589.

The following is a short account of the contents of this paper. Botanists acknowledge two methods of determining the age of a plant. 1st, the anatomical, founded upon peculiarities of struc- ture, as in the case of annual rings. 2ndly, the morphological, founded upon the nature of the growth of the plant, especially the regular succession of certain axes, as in the case of the scars on the rhizome of Convallaria Polygonatum. The second method alone is applicable to mosses. The age of a moss is always deter- minable when there is a regular succession of axes, each of which has a limited growth lasting for a year ; otherwise there is no certainty. Therefore the age of the stems of acrocarpous mosses is determinable, but not that of pleurocarpous mosses.

The author gives five methods of arriving at the age of the stem of the acrocarpous moss.

1. By observing the number of whorls of branches standing one above another, a method applicable to most acrocarpous mosses which grow in thick tufts.

2. By observing the number of capsules. This method is applicable in cases where the growth of the stem is carried on, year by year, from axillary buds beneath the terminal fruit, and where the new stem-growth pushes aside the fruit of the preced- ing year, and forms an apparent continuation of the principal

vol. i. — is T. ii. b. 3 n


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Rh PHAKEEOGAMTA. 381

wachse (Fortsetzung). Flora, 1860, pp. 517-559 (Compositee) : 593-600 (Campanulaceae, Vaceineae) : 609-617 (Ericine??, Pyro- leae, Monotropeae) : 625-631 (Ebenacese, Oleacea?, Jasminea?, Asclepiadere, Apocyneae), 673-685 (Boragineae).

Kleinere Beitrage zur Kenntniss emheimiseher Gewachse.

Berichtigungen uud Zusatze zu der XN. 2-13 dieses Jahrganges.

—Flora. 1860. pp. 753-765. Zetteestedt, J. E. — Vegetations-skizzer fran Pyreneerna. Overs.

Svensk. Handl. (Stockholm, 1860), pp. 23-51. Sect. 1. Jemfdrelse

mellan Superbagneres ocli Cazaril. ii. Excursion till Venascpie

ocli Castenese. iii. Excursion till Pic du Midi, Marbore ocli

Breche de Eoland. 1. c. pp. 407-121.

Botanisk resa till medlersta Xorges fjelltraker under Sommarren,

1858.

XXXIX. — Cetptogamia. 1. Filicales.

Beegeeotst, G-eoeges. — Sur l'existence de trachees dans les Fougeres.

Bull. Soc. Botan. Jour. vii. pp. 338-9.

M. Bergeron finds unrollable spiral vessels in the bulbils

of Diplazium poliferum, Ccenopteris fcenicula, C. Thalictroides,

Asplenium, proliferum, &c. They also occur in very young loaves

of the first named species. They become eventually replaced by

scalariform, annular or reticulated vessels. Bolle, Gael. — Zur Vegetationsgeschichte Beschreibung Cultur, &c.

des Asplenium Seelosii. Bonpl. 1861, pp. 18-23. Beaun, A. — Eevisio Selaginellarum. A. S. IS", xiii. Ceugee. — Zur Kenntniss der Hyuienophyllaceen von H. Criiger.

Botanische Zeitung, 9 Nov. 1860.

This paper contains some observations, accompanied by figures,

on the fructification of the genera Trichomanes and Hymeno-

phyllum. Duval-Jouee, J. — Sur une particularite que presente V Equisetum

hiemale, L. Bull. Soc. Botan. Tom. vii. pp. 164-7.

The author's observations were made in the neighbourhood of

togamic Botany into five portions, viz., Filicales, Muscales, Lichens, Fungi and Algre. Under the head Filicales will be included works relating to the following orders, namely, Filices, Ophioglossaceae, Equisetacea?, Marsiieacese and Lycopo- diaca?. Under " Muscales" will be found the works relating to the orders Ricciaceae, Marchantiacae, Jungermannise, and Musci. Works on the Gharacese will be placed under " Algte."
 * For convenience of reference it is intended to divide the Bibliography of Cryp-


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Rh the socialistic newspapers. A law to prevent the publication of such boycotting announcements was proposed in the Swedish riksdag this year, but was defeated.

Here we have a practical illustration of the power of Socialism when it rests upon an economic organization, and the effectiveness and far-reaching activity of unionism when it is inspired by the Socialist ideal. Now as an equally valuable object lesson in American unionism, an object lesson in how not to do it, let us picture a typical state of affairs in the machine industry. The moulders' contract with the boss expires and they go out on strike. In a machine shop the moulder occupies a position intermediate between the patternmaker and the machinist, or, as they are called in Ireland, the engineers. When the moulders go out the boss who has had all his plans laid for months beforehand brings in a staff of scabs and installs them in the places of the striking workers. Then the tragicomedy begins. The union patternmaker makes his patterns and hands them over to the scab moulder; the scab moulder casts his moulds and when they are done the union machinist takes them from him and placidly


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culosa en hiver et au printcmps. Bull. Soc. Botan. Tom. vii. pp. 389-391.

The floating hibernal buds of this plant were found to vege- tate, in cultivation, without first sinking to the bottom, as is believed usually to be the case in nature.

Scuultz, C. H. (Bipont.) — Ueber die Catanancheen. Bonplandia, 1860, pp. 367-71.

With description, analysis of species, history and distribution of the group. Piptocephalum, gen. nov. is described.

Sbemajtn", Berthold. — Synopsis Crescentiacearum : an Enumeration of all the Crescentiaceous Plants at present known. Linn. Trans, xxiii. pp. 1-22.

With amended character of Creseentiacea?, and diagnoses of the genera and twenty-six species composing the group. "Dr. Seemann adopts the Tribes Tanceciece {Calyx persistens, regularise 5-merus) and Crescentiece (Calyx deciduus, irregularis — spathaceus vel bipartitus). No new genera are founded. Schlegelia and Tripin- naria are suppressed, being identical with Tancecium and Colea respectively. Periblema, DC. is excluded from the Order. The Crescentiaceae chiefly prevail in the islands of East Africa, whence further additions are probably to be received. Two species occur in Asia, ten in America.

Sendtner, O. — Die Vegetations- Verhaltnisse des bayerischen Waldes nach den Grundsatzen der Pflanzengeographie geschildert. 8 plates, 8vo. Munich, 1860.

Sturm, J. W. and A. Schnitzleen-. — Verzeichniss der Phanerogamen und gefasskryptogamischen Pflanzen in der TJmgegend von Niirnberg und Erlangen. Ed. ii. Niirnberg, Schmid. 1860.

Tchihatcheff, P. De — Asie mineure. Description physique, sta- tistique et archeologique de cette conferee. 3e partie. Botanique. Atlas of 44 plates. Eoy. 8vo. Paris, 1860.

Thwaites, G. H. K. and J. D. Hooker. — Enumeratio Plantaruin ZeylanisB. Part 3, 1860.

Compositge (Elephantopus) to Labiates (Leucas). New genera described are Dasyaulus and DicJwpsis (Sapo- taceee), JDcedalacanthus, T. Anders, and Ptyssiglottis, T. Anders, (Acanthacese).

Timbal-Lagrave, E. — Essai monographique sur les especes, varietes et hybrides du genre, Mentha, L., qui sont cultivees ou qui crois- sent spontanement dans les Pyrenees centrales et dans la partie superieure du bassin sous-pyreneen"(Haut- Garonne). Bull. Soc. Botan. Tom. vii. pp. 231-6, 254-261, 328-334, 352-358).

Todaro, Agostino. — Nuovi Generi e nuove Specie di Piante colti- vate nel real Orto botanico di Palermo. Fasc. 2°. pp. 21-38. Palermo, 1860. 8vo.

. Bianccea, n. g. (Leguminosa?, sub-order, Casalpiniece), with new species of Duranta, Hermione, and Oxalis are described.

Trautvetter, E. E. von. — Enumeratio Plantaruin Songaricarum a


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JDomeyJcoa (TJmbellifersB), Urmenetea, CJiondrochilus, Gypotham- nium, Oxyphyllum, Jobapkes, Bolycladus, Bracliyandra, Vazquezia, (Composite), Varasia (Gentians), Rhopalostigma, Waddingtonia (Solanaoete). Puel, T. — Specimen d'un Catalogue des Plantes vasculaires de Prance. Bull. Soc. Botan. Tom. vii. pp. 269-273.

Bevue critique de la Flore du Departement du Lot. Bull.

Soc. Botan. Tom. vii pp. 373-5. Eamokd, A. — Sur le Brassica des falaises de Norinandie, Bull. Soc.

Botan. Tom. vii. pp. 339-312. Kegel, E. — Beobachtungen ueber Viola epipsila, Ledeb. Moskau,

1860, 4 pp. Eegel, E. and H. Tiling. —Elorula Ajanensis. Aufzahlung der in der Umgegend von Ajan wildwachsenden Phanerogamen unci hoheren Cryptogamen, nebst Beschreibung einiger neuer Arten unci kritischen Bemerkungen uber verwandte Pllanzen- Arten. — Nouv. Mem. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou. Tom. xi. pp. 1-137.

Ajan is a factory of the Busso- American Company, on the sea of Ochotsk, 56° 28' N. lat, 138° 29' E. long.

This Elorula is based upon collections made by Dr. Tiling in the immediate neighbourhood of the factory during the five years (from 1816-1851) he was stationed there as medical officer.

It was the intention of the late C. A. Meyer to have worked up these materials in conjunction with Dr. Tiling ; in consequence of his decease, however, they have been elaborated by M. Eegel.

An introductory essay by Dr. Tiling on the physical features of Ajan and neighbourhood, is prefixed to the descriptive portion of the work. The phanerogams of this Elorula belong to 58 Natu- ral Orders, of which Composite furnishes the largest number of representatives. Then follow Banunculacea?, Cruciferse, Eosacea?, and Cyperaceas. The species of these five Orders amount to more than one-third of the total. Sixteen Orders are represented by solitary species. The new genera described are Tilingia (Umbel- liferse, near Cnidiuni) and Kruhsea (Sinilaceae) founded on Smila- cina streptopoides, Ledb. 351 species are enumerated, includino- Eerns and Lycopods. Beixsch, Paul.— Morphologische Mittheilungen (Schluss). TJeber die dreierlei Arten der Blatter der Sagittaria sagittcefolia, L. Ueber die Bildung der Triebe an dem stamme der Draba aizoides, L. Mora, 1860, pp. 710-3.

Morphologische Mittheilungen. Flora, 1S60, pp. 721-726.

"With 1 plate.

1. Notice of the occurrence of Bagus sylvatica, with three coty- ledons. 2. Elorets formed by the union of two hermaphrodite ones in the female capitula of Betasites officinalis. 3. An abnormal example of Cirsium lanceolatum. Sacks, Julius. — Physiologische Untersuchungen liber die Abhan-


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Rh PTTANTrROOAMTA. 375

loured. If the stem be not attacked, the plant recovers when

removed.

Lowe, E. T.— Some Account of the " Chaparro" of Fuerteventura, a new species of Convolvulus, A. N. H. ser. 3. vi. pp. 153-6.

The ' Chaparro' {Convolvulus Caput- Medusae) is a dwarf, woody, spinose plant, growing in dense convex masses on the sterile sea- ward slopes of the western shore of Fuerteventura. The root and wood are reported to possess a fragrance rendering it commer- cially valuable : this property Mr. Lowe was unable to confirm. The plant is, however, readily inflammable, while green or even growing.

Malt, J. K. — Flora von Deutschland, nach der analytischen Methode. AVien. 1860, pp. 585.

Mastitis, C. F. Ph. VoN.-Mun. Sitz. 1860. Heft iii. pp. 308-330.

A critical and detailed seriatim examination into the value of the

characters upon which certain genera {Ladenbergia and JRemijia)

have been based, at the expense of the Linnean genus Cinchona.

Herr v. Martius proposes to reunite these.

Maximowicz, C. J. — Nova Grenera Cucurbitacearum. Ann. S. 1ST. Ser. iv. (Bot.) Tom. xiii. pp. 95-6.

Descriptions of Schizopepon and Mitrosicyos from the author's ' Prhnitia? Flora3 Amurensis.'

Mettexius, G-. — Beitrage zur Anatomie der Cycadeen. Leipsic, I860.

Miciialet, Ettgeke. — Sur la conservation dans le sol des graines de diverses plantes. Bull. Soc. Botan. Tom. vii. pp. 334-338.

In pools in alluvial deposits bordering the Jura, which, accord- ing to a custom of the country, are drained at intervals and cultivated, M. Michalet notes the re-appearance of certain sj^ecies after the intervals (sometimes extending to 12 or 15 years) of submergence and exposure. Among the species springing up on the drained surface, and which are rare or infrequent in the dis- trict generally, are Carex cyperoides, Scirpus llichelianus, Mumex maritimus, Potentilla supina, Bidens fasligiata (Michal.).

On the occasion of the construction of a road in which gravel was employed, brought from a pit excavated in a sterile field, Galium anglicum, a rare plant near Chaussin (Jura), sprung up wherever the gravel had been deposited and in the pit from which it was obtained. This was five years ago, and the Galium has since disappeared.

Tripolium filiforme, L. (T. micrantJium, Viv.), a plant affecting the coast and valleys of the large rivers, was found in plenty by heaps of gravel used for road-making near Dole. As an example of a species presenting instances of almost instantaneous diffusion, the author mentions Phelipcea ccerulea, which usually occurs very sparingly. In 1851 and 1852, it was found in enormous quantity by the Doubs. The following year none was to be found. The unwonted abundance of Phelipcea he attributes to the seeds having vol. i. — n. n. e. 3 c


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Gk., Tithgmalopsis, KL and Gk., Dichropliyllum, Kl. and Gk., Leptopus, Kl. and Gk., Adenopetalum, Kl. andGk., (B. Tithymalse, — Involucri lobi exteriores supra callo carnoso(Glandula)toti tecti), Euphorbia, L., Medusea, Kl. and Gk., Arthrothamnus, Kl. and Gk., Tithymalus, Scop, (to which belong most of the British species), Sterigmanthe, Kl. and Gk., Eupliorhiastrum, Kl. and Gk., Poin- settia, Grah.

Section Pedilanthese, Kl. and Gk. includes Pedilanthus, Neck., Hexadenia, Kl. and Gk. and Diadenaria, Kl. and Gk. ; — Antho- steineae, Kl. and Gk., the genus Anthostema, Juss.

Besides nearly ninety pages devoted to a systematic enumera- ration of species, &c. the essay contains a historical sketch of the Tricoccae, the treatment of the group by various authors, critical remarks on M. Baillon's work on Euphorbiacea?, and observations upon the changes proposed by the author. Kokntcke, Fr. — Monographic Marantearum Prodromus. — Nouv. Mem. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou. Tom. xi. pp. 297-362. With 8 plates.

The author's investigations on the structure of the flower in Marantaceae are based upon species cultivated in the St. Peters- burg Botanic Garden and upon herbarium specimens. He regards the corolla as tripetalous, and the staminodia as biserial. In Ma- ranta (and Phrynium) there are two staminodia in the outer series ; in Calatliea, Thalia, and Ischnosiplion, but one ; while in Monosticlie, Marantopsis, and Distention, they are entirely want- ing. The three staminodia of the inner series are either all pre- sent, — one bearing the fertile anther-cell, — or (in Distemon) one is abortive.

The structure of the several whorls of the flower in various genera is described in detail, as also that of the fruit and seed.

The distinctions between Cannaceae and Zingiberaceae are summed up as follows. In Cannaceae, it is the inner circle of staminodia, which, by preference, is developed, while the outer always remains incomplete. The fifth staminodium is petaloid and bears the fertile half-anther.

In Zingiberaceae, it is especially the outer circle of staminodia which becomes developed, the inner always remaining imperfect. The fertile stamen is the sixth of the series. It is symmetrical and bears a perfect anther.

A synopsis and critical descriptions of the genera of Marantecz (adopted as a Tribe of Cannaceae) is given. Ischnodphon and MonosticJie are genera founded by the author on South American and West Indian species. The characters of the last genus are not contrasted in the synoptical key owing to the allied genus Calatliea being described, through a lapsus, as destitute of an outer staminodium. The species are not described. ■ — ■ Ueber Calathea fasciata, Bgl. et Kor. und einige andere bunt-


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A description of the internal structure, (1st.) of the steins of the above species, which offer no peculiarity—and (2nd.) of the root and root-fibres, which become thickened and tuberiform. After passing into the root, the circle of woody tissue which, in the stem, is interposed between the pith and bark, resolves itself into two to six distinct rings or bundles which traverse the greatly developed, starch-abounding parenchyma of the tuber, and ulti- mately, in approaching the extremity of the root converge, re- uniting to form a single central mass. The author compares this structure in Sedum, — the independent woody bundles of the tubers — to certain abnormal liane formations figured by Graudi- chaud from a certain South American Sapindacea.

Hoffman, Eh. — Jahresbericht uber die Eortschritte der Agricul- turchemie mit besonderer Berucksichtigung der Pflanzenchemie und Pflanzenphysiologie. Vol. II. 1859-60. 8vo. Berlin, 1861.

Hooker, J. D. — Illustrations of the Moras of the Malayan Archipe- lago, and of Tropical Africa. Linn. Trans, xxiii. pp. 155-172 With 9 plates.

The new genera described are Disepalwn, Sphcerothalamus (Anonaceae) ; Pacliynocarpus (Dipterocarpese) ; Irvingia (Sima- rubeae) ; Pentaspadon, HaematostapJiis, Parishia (AnacardieEe) ; Trigonochlamys, Triomma (Burserese) ; Hemiandrina (Conna- raceae). Mgures are given of most of these.

— An account of the Plants collected by Dr. Walker in Green- land and Arctic America, during the expedition of Sir Francis M'Clintock, B.K, in the yacht " Pox." Linn. Proc. v. pp. 79-89. The principal interest of Dr. Walker's collection attaches to an herbarium of 46 flowering and 58 cryptogamic plants gathered at Port Kennedy, in the Peninsula of Boothia, the flora of which was previously unknown. The Port Kennedy Morula appears to be poorer than that of the surrounding islands, although favoured by the absence of snow for about four months each year, and ample variety of surface. Tables are given by Dr. Hooker of 20 species occurring in Melville Island, which are wanting at Port Kennedy ; of 6 species found at the latter absent from Melville Island ; of 5 species of Port Kennedy plants absent from the Western shores of Baffin's Bay, (Pond's Bay to Heme Bay), and 7 absent from the Western Islands. Catalogues are appended of the collection : The Musci and Lichens, by Mr. Mitten, the Algae, by Dr. Dickie, and the Fungi, by Mr. Berkeley. Observations on temperature, &c. at Point Kennedy, are added by Dr. Walker.

Hooker, W. J. and Gr. A. Walker- Arnott.— The British Mora. Ed. viii. London, 1860.

Hooker, W. J. — Curtis's Botanical Magazine. Ser. iii. vol. xvi. London, 1860.

Including Begonia frigida, DC. bearing occasionally flowers with superior carpels; Narthex Asafcetida, Falc. and Cocos ptumosa, Hk.


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Amarantaceae. Woelileria, a new genus from Cuba, is described.

Euphorbiaceae. Critical observations upon the affinities of the Order and its subdivision into Tribes and Subtribes. The West Indian genera are grouped under the following sections, viz. : —

A. Ovarii loculi 2-ovulati.

Trib. I. Buxece. Capsula loculicida, dissepimentis connexis.

Sernina ecarunculata. Trib. II. Bhyllanthece. Capsula in coccos divisa v. baccata, Semina srepius ecarunculata. Subtrib. 1. Drypetece. Subtrib. 2. Euphyllanthece.

B. Ovarii loculi 1-ovulati.

Trib. III. Crotonece. Capsula in coccos divisa, raro baccata.

Subtrib. 1. Iatrophece.

Subtrib. 2. Ricinece.

Subtrib. 3. Eucrotonece.

Subtrib. 4. Ditaxidece.

Subtrib. 5. Acalyphece.

Subtrib. 6. Hippomanece.

Subtrib. 7. JZuphorbiece. The genera Acidocroton, Gr., Mettenia, Gr., Adelia, L., Ber- nardia, P. Br., Lasiocroton, Gr. and Leucocroton, Gr. (gen. nov.) are described at length.

Bixineae. The following tribes are proposed, viz. : —

1. Bixece. Capsula sicca, medianicida. Stamina hypogyna, indefinita.

2. Flacourtianece. Pericarpium carnosum. Stamina disco libero inserta.

3. Prockiece. Pericarpium carnosum, indehiscens. Stamina disco perigyno inserta.

4. Samydece. Pericarpium dehiscens. Stamina perigyna. — Pedicelli articulati.

Diagnoses are given of the genera Samyda, L., Guidonia, Gr., Casearia, Iq., Casinga, Gr. (nov. gen.), and Sadymia, Gr.

Malpighiacese. Henlea, is a new genus, founded on a Cuban plant of Eugels.

Eutacea?. Prof. Grisebach adopts, as sub tribes,

1. Pilocarpece. 2. Zanthoxylece, and 3. Simarubece.

Juglandese. The character of the group is modified to admit JPicrodendron, PL, which is described from additional and more complete material.

Melastornacese. Critical observations on the structure of the seed, embryo, and anthers, with a review of the West Indian genera, (vide supra.). Geisebacu, A. H. E. — Plantse Wrightiana3 e Cuba Orientali (Poly- petalae et Apetalae). Smith. Contr. viii. pp. 153-192.

Determinations of Mr. C. Wright's plants collected from 1856 to 1860, with the distribution numbers.


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Rh PHAKEROGAMIA.

in of the primary cell-wall all round. Its further formation results, in part, from the extension of this projecting fold, in part from the deposition of thickening layers around it. The original membrane dividing two opposed pores, becomes absorbed when the adjacent cells contain air, and persists in those which continue to be filled with fluid.

Dresser, C. — The Morphological Import of certain Vegetable Or- gans. Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinb. vi pp. 321-2.

The Stem or Axis as the Fundamental Organ in the Vege- table Structure. 1. c. pp. 432-4.

Duchartre, P. — Note sur le Lilas blanchi par la culture forcee. Bull. Soc. Botan. Tom. vii. pp. 152-4.

Dufotjr, Leox. — De la valeur historique et sentimentale d'un her- bier. Souvenirs d'Espagne (Suite). Bull. Soc. Botan. Tom. vii. pp. 146-151, 169-173.

Diagnoses et Observations critiques sur quelques plantes

d'Espagne malconnues ou nouvelles. Bull. Soc. Botan. Tom. vii. pp. 221-7, 240-7, 323-328, 347-352.

Eng-el, L. C. — Influence des climats et de la culture sur les pro- prietes medicales des plantes. 35 pp. 4to. Strasburg, 1860.

Fermokd, Ch. — Note sur les fruits et l'ecorce du Sapindus divari- catus du Bresil. Bull. Soc. Botan. Tom. vii. pp. 214-219.

A detailed account is furnished of the fruit, seed, and bark of this Sapindus, sent from Brazil as the produce of a tree called the " Savonnier" or " Arlre-a-savon ;" the " Pao-de-Sabao" men- tioned by M. Guibourt in " Hist, Nat. des Drogues."

Eremt, E. — Eecherches sur la matiere colorante verte des Eeuilles. Ann. S. N. Ser. iv. (Bot.) Tom. xiii. pp. 45-53.

M. Eremy resolves the colouring matter of chlorophyll into blue and yellow elements by treatment with a mixture of ether and dilute hydrochloric acid. The blue substance he calls phyllo- cyanine ; the yellow, pkylloxanthine. The latter is the more stable element, and is found in autumnal as well as nascent leaves, from which phyllocyanine is absent.

Garcke, A.' — Ueber die Stellung von Plagianthus and Hoheria in Natiirlichen Systeme. Bonplandia, 1860, pp. 365-7.

Confirms the relation of these genera to Malvaceae by the structure of the pollen granules, which are dotted with the warts characteristic of this Order : not smooth as in Sterculiaceae.

Gay, J. — Le Printemps de 1860, compare a celui de 1859, dans son eflet sur la floraison de quelques plantes observees a Paris. Bull. Soc. Botan. Tom. vii. pp. 307-8.

Elowering was retarded in the case of the nine species (of Ajacc, Narcissus, and Syringa intermedia) observed from 12 to 31 days.

Nouvelles observations sur la Couronne des Narcissees. 1. c.

pp. 309-16. With woodcuts.

From an examination of some partially double flowers of JS r ar-

VOL. I. — N. H. R. 3 B


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Rh PHA3CEBOGAMIA. 365

Observations by Hr. Busolt on cracks in the bark and cam- bium-layer of the Lime, occasioned by exposure to the sun.

Caspabt, Bobt. — Flora des Kolner Doms. Bonn. Verhand. d. N. H. Y. I860, pp. 331-2.

A list of fifteen Phaneroganiia collected on a terrace of the unfinished south-west tower of Cologne Cathedral, at an eleva- tion of 177 feet, on two visits in Sept. 1857 and May, 1858. Of these Privet, Dog-Bose and Violet have probably been planted in soil carried up for them.

Cuaboisseatt, L'Abbe. — Observations sur douze especes de Ruins du Departement de la Yienne. Bull. Soc. Botan. Tom. vii. pp. 265-9.

Chapman, A. W. — Flora of the "Southern United States, containing an abridged description of the Flowering Plants and Ferns of Tennessee, N. and S. Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, and Florida. The Ferns by D. C. Eaton. 1 vol. Svo. New York, I860.

An Introduction includes a brief sketch of the Elements of Botany, a Glossary of Terms and an Analysis of the Natural Orders. Synopses of the genera are given in the larger Orders.

Chaten", A. — Orclre des Thesiacees ou Santalacees, Bapports de leur structure anatomique avec leur classification. C. Bend. Oct. 16, I860.

Choist, Pkof. — Du genre Discostigma (Hassk.) appartenant a la Famille des Clusiacees. Glen. Mem. xv. pp. 431-9. With 2 plates.

Founded on the plant distributed by Zollinger under No. 3276. A supposed second species of the genus figured (Zoll. No. 1192) is apparently Eubiaceous.

Cohn, F. — Ueber contractile u. irritable Gewebe d. Pflanzen. Virch. Arch. xxii. p. 405.

Coldsthea:m, W. — Experiments with Ana?sthetic Agents on Sensitive Plants. Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinb. vi. pp. 390-7.

A true anaesthesia was most decided in experiments on the irritable stamens of Herberts, exposed to the action of Chloro- form, Amylene, Sulphuric and Chloric Ether. Immediately after exposure to the vapour, the stamens sprung towards the pistil, returning slowly to their former position. They were then found to be destitute of irritability. Their irritable condition was usually restored by exposure to the sun.

Cosson, E. — Note sur le Gagea Bohemica. Bull. Soc. Botan. Tom. vii. pp. 212-13.

Near Nemours this species appears to multiply itself princi- pally by bulbils which detach from the bulbs of the parent plants ; the fertilization of the ovules being imperfect. M. Cosson is satisfied that Gr. saxatilis, Koch, and Gr. lohemica, Schult. are specifically identical.

Sur les hybrides de l'herbier de M. de Franqueville (obtenus