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198

Then spake to him the margrave: “The four and twentieth day

From now, I dare to promise, shall see us on our way.

I’ll send and tell Gotlinda, my dear wife, presently,

That I myself will envoy unto Kriemhilda be.”

So thence unto Bechlaren sent Rüdeger straightway.

Both sorrowful and proud was the margravine that day.

A wife by him, he told her, must for the king be woo’d;

Still tenderly, as living, she thought of Helka good.

For when her husband’s letter the margravine did spell

Some little was she troubled and straight to weeping fell.

Would she another mistress like her have e’er again?

And when she thought of Helka it gave her heartfelt pain.

In seven days’ space had Rüdeger set forth from Hungary.

A glad man was King Etzel, and gay at heart was he.

Already in Vienna the travelling gear was made,

Nor would he that the journey should longer be delayed.

Gotlinda at Bechlaren awaited Rüdeger;

The margravine his daughter was also waiting there,

And glad she was on seeing her father and his men.

And many fair young maidens watch’d kindly for them then.

Ere Rüdeger the noble forth for Bechlaren went

From out Vienna’s city, all his accoutrement

Was perfectly made ready and on the sumpters laid.

They travell’d in such fashion that nothing was waylaid.


text: Poems, Chiefly Lyrical/Sonnet to J.M.K.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Poems, Chiefly Lyrical/Sonnet to J.M.K.


text:
Sonnet to J.M.K.

 * "Sonnet to J.M.K.", in Poems, Chiefly Lyrical (1830)
 * "Sonnet to J. M. K.", in Poems, Volume I (1843)

title: Sonnet to J.M.K.


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 ted presbyterians had in the preceding reigns sought refuge among dells and thickets, caves and cataracts,—in spots the most extraordinary and secluded—although he had heard of the champions of the Covenant, who had long abidden beside Dobs linn on the wild heights of Pelmoodie, and others who had been concealed in the yet more terrific cavern called Creehope-linn, in the parish of Closeburn, yet his imagination had never exactly figured out the horrors of such a residence, and he was surprised how the strange and romantic scene which he now saw had remained concealed from him while a curious investigator of such natural phenomena. But he readily conceived, that, lying in a remote and wild district, and being destined as a place of concealment to the persecuted preachers and professors of non-conformity, the secret of its existence was carefully preserved by the few shepherds to whom it might be known.


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XX.]

When they to Bechelaren within the town did fare,

The host his fellow travellers bade kindly welcome there,

And offer’d board and lodging. Good quarters each one had.

The noble Gotelinda to see him come was glad.

Likewise his well-loved daughter, the little margravine,

At her dear father’s coming could ne’er have gladder been,

The heroes out of Huns’ land how glad she was to see!

And them the noble maiden accosted merrily:

“Right heartily be welcome my father and his men!”

And readily, to thank her, fair words were spoken then

Unto the margrave’s daughter, by many a worthy knight.

Sir Rüdeger’s demeanour Gotlinda read aright.

For when alone at night-time by Rüdeger she lay,

How lovingly besought him the margravine to say

Whither the king from Huns’ land had bidden him to go.

Said he: “My wife Got’linda, I’ll gladly let thee know.

“I for the king my master must seek another wife,

Now that the beauteous Helka departed hath this life.

Therefore to fetch Kriemhilda unto the Rhine ride we;

To Huns’ land she is coming a mighty queen to be.”

“God grant,” said Gotelinda, “that that may come to pass

Since we have heard, in honour, how much she doth surpass.

She may replace my lady  belike, in days to be,

We’ll let her wear in Huns’ land the queen’s crown willingly.”


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 As, breaking from these meditations, he began to consider how he should traverse the doubtful and terrific bridge, which, skirted by the cascade, and rendered wet and slippery by its constant drizzle, traversed the chasm above sixty feet from the bottom of the fall, his guide, as if to give him courage, tript over and back without the least hesitation. Envying for a moment the little bare feet which caught a safer hold of the rugged side of the oak than he could pretend to with his heavy boots, Morton nevertheless resolved to attempt the passage, and, fixing his eye firm on a stationary object on the other side, without allowing his head to become giddy, or his attention to be distracted by the flash, the foam, and the roar of the waters around him, he strode steadily and safely along the uncertain bridge, and reached the mouth of a small cavern on the farther side of the torrent. Here he paused; for a light, proceeding from a fire of red-hot charcoal, permitted him to see the inte-


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 fully narrow dimensions and uncertain footing. The upper end of the tree rested on the platform on which they stood—the lower or uprooted extremity extended behind a projection on the opposite side, and was secured, Morton's eye could not discover where. From behind the same projection glimmered a strong red light, which, glancing in the waves of the falling water, and tinging them partially with crimson, had a strange preternatural and sinister effect when contrasted with the beams of the rising sun, which glanced on the first broken waves of the fall, though even its meridian splendour could not gain the third of its full depth. When he had looked around him for a moment, the girl again pulled his sleeve, and pointing to the oak and the projecting point beyond it, (for hearing speech was now out of the question,) indicated that there lay his farther passage.

Morton gazed at her with surprise; for, although he well knew that the persecu-


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 ror of the cave, and enabled him to contemplate the appearance of its inhabitant, by whom he himself could not be so readily distinguished, being concealed by the shadow of the rock. What he observed would by no means have encouraged a less deteremined man to proceed with the task which he had undertaken.

Burley, only altered from what he had been formerly by the addition of a grizly beard, stood in the midst of his cave, with his clasped Bible in one hand and his drawn sword in the other. His figure, dimly ruddied by the light of the red charcaal, seemed that of a fiend in the lurid atmosphere of Pandemonium, and his gestures and words, as far as they could ha heard, seemed equally violent and irregular. All alone, and in a place of almost unapproachable seclusion, his demeanour was that of a man who strives for life and death with a mortal enemy.

"Ha! ha!—there—there!" he exclaimed, accompanying each word with a thrust,


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 urged with his whole force against the impassible and empty air—"Did I not tell thee so?—I have resisted, and thou fleest from me!—Coward as thou art—come in all thy terrors—come with mine own evil deeds, which render thee most terrible of all—there is enough betwixt the boards of this book to rescue me!—What mutterest thou of grey hairs?—It was well done to slay him—the more ripe the corn the readier for the sickle.—Art gone?—art gone?—I have ever known thee but a coward—ha! ha ha!"

With these wild exclamations he sunk the point of his sword, and remained standing still in the same posture like a maniac whose fit is over.

"The dangerous time is by now," said the little girl who had followed; "it seldom lasts beyond the time that the sun's ower the hill; ye may gang in and speak wi' him now. I'll wait for you at the other side of the linn; he canna bide to see twa folk at anes."


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 Slowly and cautiously, and keeping constantly upon his guard, Merton presented himself to the view of his old associate in command.

"What! comest thou again when thine hour is over?" was his first exclamation, and flourishing his sword aloft, his countenance assumed an expression in which ghastly terror seemed mingled with the rage of a demoniac.

"I am come, Mr Balfour," said Morton, in a steady and composed tone, "to renew an acquaintance which has been broken off since the fight of Bothwell Bridge."

As soon as Burley became aware that Morton was before him in person,—an idea which he caught with marvellous celerity,—he at once exerted that mastership over his heated and enthusiastic imagination, the power of enforcing which was a most striking part of his extraordinary character. He sunk his sword point at once, and as he stole it composedly into the scabbard, he muttered something of the damp


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200

Then said the margrave to her: “Beloved wife of mine,

The men who hence are riding with me unto the Rhine,

All kindly must thou offer with them thy stores to share:

When heroes fare right nobly more stout of heart they are.”

She answered: “There is no man who cares to take of me,

To whom whate’er beseemeth I give not willingly,

Or ever hence depart ye, thou and thy fighting men.”

Then said to her the margrave: “So doth it please me then.”

Ay, and what noble garments they from the store-rooms bare!

For every noble warrior there was a plenteous share.

All lined they were with peltry downwards from throat to spur;

What best his purpose suited was chosen of Rüdeger.

Upon the seventh morning from Bechelaren rode

The host with all his warriors. Weapons and raiment good

They bore with them in plenty through the Bavarian land;

Nor on the road were harass’d by any robber band.

Within a twelve days’ journey they to the Rhine did ride;

The tidings of their coming small chance there was to hide.

Some to the king gave warning, and eke his men did tell,

That stranger-guests were coming. The host to asking fell

If they were known to any? that was he fain to know.

One saw their sumpter-horses so heavy-laden go:

That they were very wealthy was plain enough to see.

In the great town was found them a hostel presently.


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XX.]

Now when the all-unknown ones were given an abode,

Upon these self-same nobles vast was the heed bestow’d:

Men wondered whence the warriors to the Rhine had found their way.

The host sent after Hagen, if haply he could say.

Then spake the knight of Tronjé: “I have not seen them yet,

I doubtless may declare you when sight of them I get,

From whence they’ve come a-riding into this land. I trow

They must indeed be strangers if naught of them I know.”

By this time every stranger a place of lodging had.

Then forward came the envoy, in rich apparel clad,

With all his noble comrades; and so to court they rode.

Fine raiment were they wearing right well-devised in mode.

Then quoth the ready Hagen: “For all that I can tell—

Not having seen these nobles for somewhat of a spell—

Such like is their demeanour as Rüdeger might have,

Out of the Hunnish country,— a noble knight and brave.”

“How am I to believe it,” the king replied straightway,

“That he of Bechelaren is hither come this day?”

But as the royal Gunther from speaking did forbear,

Bold Hagen saw for certain that it was Rüdeger.

He and his friends to meet them, did hasten everyone.

One saw from off their horses five hundred knights stand down.

These messengers from Hunsland right welcome were they made,

And never yet were envoys so gallantly array’d.


text:
Page:CAB Accident Report, Capital Airlines Flight 983.pdf/2

 At the time of takeoff the aircraft weighed 81,253 pounds, which was 4,284 pounds under the maximum allowable gross takeoff weight at Pittsburgh for an intended landing at Charleston The maximum allowable gross landing weight for L-049 aircraft for rumvay 32 at the Kanawha County Airport is 83,000 pounds. There were 44 persons on board which included 38 passengers and a crew of six. Two of the passengers were nonrevenue company employees and one was an infant.

At approximately 1518 the flight reported to the company at Charleston that it was in range and had 1,800 gallons of fuel on board, and was estimating the Kanawha County Airport at 1525. At that time the special U.S. Weather Bureau report No. 7 was given the flight as follows: clouds 600 feet scattered, higher clouds 1,500 feet scattered, estimated overcast 3,000 feet; visibility 5 miles; light rain showers, ground fog, wand east-northeast 3 knots; remarks, ground fog rising from the valleys. At 1522 the Charleston tower cleared the flight to make an ILS (instrument landing system) approach to runway 23 and upon reaching the outer marker to circle visually to runway 32; the wind was given as north-northwest 3 knots, and the flight was advised to report when reaching the outer market and that it was cleared to land. This clearance was acknowledged. In a short time the flight advised the tower that the approach was being abandoned and seconds later the crew advised that it was in the clear and would cross the airport, make a left turn, and would again report on downwind leg. Captain Ohm, who was seated in the left pilot's seat, took control of the aircraft at this time. A normal downwind leg report was made and the flight was again cleared to land on runway 32. Tower personnel said the flight disappeared from their view momentarily behind scud or ground fog when turning to base leg but, following this, remained at all tunes in clear sight

According to eyewitnesses, the approach appeared to be normal and the aircraft touched down 800 to 1,000 feet from the approach end of runway 32 and within the first third of the runway distance. The aircraft did not appear to decelerate and just before it approached the intersection of runways 32 and 23 at veered to the left, a blast of engine power was heard at that time. continued across runway 23 and left the paved surface at the far left side of the intersection. The aircraft continued a left groud loop as it crossed the sodded area. At the edge of the embankment it crossed a ridge two feet high then disappeared from sight over the edge of the steep embankment. When it went over the embankment it appeared to do so right wing first and then the tail section, almost as if it were traveling backwards. As the aircraft came to rest it immediately caught on fire and was destroyed. One passenger and the flight engineer-trainee were killed. The time of the accident was 1529.

The alarm was quickly sounded and the fire apparatus responded immediately; however, because of the steep downgrade it could not get closer than 200 feet to the aircraft. Efforts vero largely centered on getting occupants away from the burning wreckage and up the hill.

It was later determined that one passenger left the aircraft through the emergency exit over the left wing; the other passengers departed through the passenger entrance door at the rear of the aircraft, and the crew departed through the cockpit windows.


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202

Then Hagen spake of Tronjé, and in a loud voice cried;

“Now in God’s name be welcome ye thanes who hither ride,

The Warden of Bechlaren, and each one of his men.”

An honourable greeting the doughty Huns had then.

King Gunther’s nearest kinsmen, came forth to where they were,

The lord of Metz, Sir Ortwein, then said to Rüdeger:

“Ne’er yet in all our life-time have we until this day

Set eyes on guests so gladly: that may I truly say.”

Thanks gave they for the greeting unto the warriors all;

So with their noble escort, they went unto the hall.

And there they found King Gunther with a gallant company,

And from his throne upstood he, such was his courtesy.

With what right courtly breeding did he the envoys meet!

Gernot, as well as Gunther, was full of zeal to greet

The guest and eke his liegemen, as did his rank demand.

Good Rüdeger King Gunther himself took by the hand.

Unto the seat he led him, on which himself he sat:

Then to the strangers served they,— all gladly did they that—

Of right good mead full beakers, and of the best of wine

That ever one could meet with in all the land of Rhine.

Now Giselher and Gere had both of them appear’d;

And Dankwart, too, and Volker, who all of them had heard

About the guests arriving; they were in gladsome mood:

Before the king they greeted the noble knights and good.


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 broken propeller blade penetrated the left main fuel tank, and the fuselage broke open on both sides just aft of the forward bulkhead in the forward lounge.

Except for the empennage surfaces, outer wing panels, and the noe gear, the entire structure was destroyed by fire. All powerplants had been subjected to such intense fire that most of the magnesium casings completely burned out. Bach engine, with the exception of the No. 3, was found on the ground in its correct position with relation to the wings and fuselage. All propellers had broken blades and all blades were bent forward and counter to rotation. Because of the severe damage to these engines and the fact that the crew said they were functioning in a normal manner when the accident occurred, a tear-down examination was not made.

The crew said the approach was made in a normal manner and that the flaps were extended late in the final approach and were fully down at touchdown. They also said that during the final portion of the approach an airspeed of 105 knots was carried. Witnesses said the flaps were completely down at or just after touchdown. According to the company's flight manual for this type aircraft, the approach speed when crossing the airport boundary (fence speed) is 95 knots.

The crew said further that touchdown was made within the first third of the runway distance and that the brakes were applied immediately. Although the brake system appeared to be functioning in a normal manner, with break pressure normal and hard pedals, the aircraft failed to respond to all efforts to slow it down. the captain said that he ordered the first officer to raise the flaps early landing roll to put weight on the wheels and increase traction; the first officer did not hear the command. When It became evident that the airplane could not be stopped within the limits of the runway and that it also could not be flown out safely, the captain decided to make a left ground Loop and called for full power on No. 4 engine. The flight engineer misunderstood this command and applied power to all four engines. When the aircraft did not respond as the captain wished, he glanced quickly at the control pedestal with brake presto and, recognizing that all throttles were forward, quickly closed throttles one, two, and three. The aircraft then began the loft turn but too late to remain within the airport boundaries.

eyewitnesses to the accident stated that the airplane touched down within or about the first third of the runway. An air traffic controller in the tower said that the approach appeared to be normal. Several persons thought the airplane landed faster than this type airplane usually landed. All were in agreement that there was no apparent deceleration of the aircraft in the early stages of the landing roll. One witness said the aircraft was rolling on all three landing gears when 2,000 feet down the runway.

Three other aircraft were landed at the Kanawha County Airport near the time of this accident and when the weather conditions were similar. One a scheduled air carrier flight reported normal braking while the second, also an air carrier, reported air poor braking. The third, a light airplane, experienced difficulty in breaking


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XX.]

Then Hagen, knight of Tronjé, unto his lord did say:

“These warriors of ours should be beholden aye

For kindness that the margrave hath shown to us before:

Fair Gotelinda’s husband must have reward therefore.”

Then spake the royal Gunther: “I can no more delay;

In health how are they faring, that tell to me, I pray;—

Etzel, I mean, and Helka, who over Hunsland reign?”

“All will I,” said the margrave, “gladly to you make plain.”

Straight from the seat uprose he, as eke did all his men,

And to the king thus spake he: “If thus it may be then,

And you, O prince, allow it, I will no more delay

The tidings that I bring you, but willingly will say.”

He said: “Whate’er the tidings that unto us you bear,

I wait not friendly counsel, but bid you to declare.

Let me and my men hear them, whatever they may be;

I bid you, in all honour, discharge your embassy.”

Then spake the trusty envoy: “To you upon the Rhine

His faithful service tenders that mightful lord of mine;

To every friend moreover that unto you may be,

This message I deliver, in faith and honesty:

“The noble king doth ask for your pity in his need.

All joyless are his people: my lady she is dead,

The rich and mighty Helka, of my good lord the wife;

And now full many a maiden doth lead an orphan’d life—


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204

“Children of noble princes, whom she did rear of late—

And therefore is the country in lamentable state:

These now, alas, have no one to rear them faithfully.

I doubt there is no ending to the king’s misery.”

“Requite him God,” said Gunther, “for that to me he sends

So willingly his service, as eke unto my friends!

The greeting thou hast brought me right gladly have I heard:

My kinsmen and my lieges shall merit his good word.”

Then spake, from the Burgundians, Gernot the warrior:

“The world fair Helka’s dying  may rue for evermore,

For all her many virtues, which she to cherish knew.”

The doughty knight, Sir Hagen, agreed that this was true.

But Rüdeger said further, the high ambassador:

“Since you, O king, allow me, I have to tell you more

Of that which my dear master hath bidden me fulfil;

Since from the death of Helka things have with him gone ill.

“It hath been told my master that, Siegfried being dead,

Kriemhilda is a widow. If this be so, indeed,

And you to her will grant it, then she a crown shall wear

Before King Etzel’s warriors: this have I to declare.”

The mighty monarch answer’d (in courteous mood was he):

“I’ll tell her my opinion, if she perchance agree.

I’ll see that you our answer in three days’ time shall know,

How should I, ere I’ve asked her, say unto Etzel, no?


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XX.]

Meanwhile they had good lodgings made ready for each guest.

So well provided were they, that Rüdeger confess’d

That he had friends in plenty amongst King Gunther’s men;

As he had once served Hagen, so Hagen served him then.

So Rüdeger abode there till the third day was come.

The king a council summon’d, (as was his wise custom)

Inquiring of his kinsmen if they would deem it right

That Kriemhild should to Etzel her faith in wedlock plight.

They all, save only Hagen, agreed with one accord;

But he unto the warrior, to Gunther spake this word:

“If you are rightly minded, so will you take good heed,

That, even though she wish it, you will not do this deed.”

“And wherefore,” answer’d Gunther, “should I not do this thing?

Whate’er of love the future unto the queen may bring,

I surely shall not grudge her: sister she is to me.

We ought ourselves to seek it, if for her good it be.”

But once again spake Hagen: “With further talk be done!

Knew you as much of Etzel as I of him have known,—

And were she him to marry, as I have heard you say,—

Then would you see good reason, at length to rue the day.”

“And wherefore?” answered Gunther, “since I should take good care

“Never to come so nigh him, e’en though my sister were

His wife, that I need suffer from any hate of his.”

But once again said Hagen: “I’ll ne’er agree to this.”


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Rh down the halls, their boot-heels resounding like the march of a private of dragoons, and take a look at every patient. Of course this helped to keep us awake. Then, as it came toward morning, they began to beat eggs for breakfast, and the sound made me realize how horribly hungry I was. Occasional yells and cries came from the male department, and that did not aid in making the night pass more cheerfully. Then the ambulance-gong, as it brought in more unfortunates, sounded as a knell to life and liberty. Thus I passed my first night as an insane girl at Bellevue.

6 o’clock on Sunday morning, Sept. 25, the nurses pulled the covering from my bed. “Come, it’s time for you to get out of bed,” they said, and opened the window and let in the cold breeze. My clothing was then returned to me. After dressing I was shown to a washstand, where all the other patients were trying to rid their faces of all traces of sleep. At 7 o’clock we were given some horrible mess, which Mary told us was chicken broth. The cold, from which we had suffered enough the day previous, was bitter, and when I complained to the nurse she said it was one of the rules of the institution not to turn the heat on until October, and so we would have to endure it, as the steam-pipes had not even been put in order. The night nurses then, arming themselves with scissors, began to play manicure on the patients. They cut my nails to the quick, as they did those of several of the other patients. Shortly after this a handsome young doctor made his appearance and I was conducted into the sitting-room.

“Who are you?” he asked.

“Nellie Moreno,” I replied.


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Rh woman to lead me up the plank to reach the shore. An ambulance was standing there, and in it were the four other patients.

“What is this place?” I asked of the man, who had his fingers sunk into the flesh of my arm.

“Blackwell’s Island, an insane place, where you’ll never get out of.”

With this I was shoved into the ambulance, the springboard was put up, an officer and a mail-carrier jumped on behind, and I was swiftly driven to the Insane Asylum on Blackwell’s Island.

the wagon was rapidly driven through the beautiful lawns up to the asylum my feelings of satisfaction at having attained the object of my work were greatly dampened by the look of distress on the faces of my companions. Poor women, they had no hopes of a speedy delivery. They were being driven to a prison, through no fault of their own, in all probability for life. In comparison, how much easier it would be to walk to the gallows than to this tomb of living horrors! On the wagon sped, and I, as well as my comrades, gave a despairing farewell glance at freedom as we came in sight of the long stone buildings. We passed one low building, and the stench was so horrible that I was compelled to hold my breath, and I mentally decided that it was the kitchen. I afterward found I was correct in my surmise, and smiled at the signboard at the end of the walk: “Visitors are not allowed on this road.” I don’t think the sign would be


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Rh chance to prove his innocence. Who would not rather be a murderer and take the chance for life than be declared insane, without hope of escape? Mrs. Schanz begged in German to know where she was, and pleaded for liberty. Her voice broken by sobs, she was led unheard out to us.

Mrs. Fox was then put through this weak, trifling examination and brought from the office, convicted. Miss Annie Neville took her turn, and I was again left to the last. I had by this time determined to act as I do when free, except that I would refuse to tell who I was or where my home was.

“, the doctor wants you,” said Miss Grupe. I went in and was told to sit down opposite Dr. Kinier at the desk.

“What is your name?” he asked, without looking up.

“Nellie Brown,” I replied, easily.


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Rh

examination over, we heard some one yell, “Go out into the hall.” One of the patients kindly explained that this was an invitation to supper. We late comers tried to keep together, so we entered the hall and stood at the door where all the women had crowded. How we shivered as we stood there! The windows were open and the draught went whizzing through the hall. The patients looked blue with cold, and the minutes stretched into a quarter of an hour. At last one of the nurses went forward and unlocked a door, through which we all crowded to a landing of the stairway. Here again came a long halt directly before an open window.

“How very imprudent for the attendants to keep these thinly clad women standing here in the cold,” said Miss Neville.

I looked at the poor crazy captives shivering, and added, emphatically, “It’s horribly brutal.” While they stood there I thought I would not relish supper that night. They looked so lost and hopeless. Some were chattering nonsense to invisible persons, others were laughing or crying aimlessly, and one old, gray-haired woman was nudging me, and, with winks and sage noddings of the head and pitiful uplifting of the eyes and hands, was assuring me that I must not mind the poor creatures, as they were all mad. “Stop at the heater,” was then ordered, “and get in line, two by two.” “Mary, get a companion.” “How many times must I tell you to keep in line?” “Stand still,” and, as the orders were issued, a shove and a push were administered, and often a slap on the ears. After this third and final halt, we were marched into a long, narrow dining-room, where a rush was made for the table.


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Rh will be sick, and who knows but what, with these surroundings, you may go crazy. “To have a good brain the stomach must be cared for.”

“It is impossible for me to eat that stuff,” I replied, and, despite all her urging, I ate nothing that night.

It did not require much time for the patients to consume all that was eatable on the table, and then we got our orders to form in line in the hall. When this was done the doors before us were unlocked and we were ordered to proceed back to the sitting-room. Many of the patients crowded near us, and I was again urged to play, both by them and by the nurses. To please the patients I promised to play and Miss Tillie Mayard was to sing. The first thing she asked me to play was “Rock-a-bye Baby,” and I did so. She sang it beautifully.

more songs and we were told to go with Miss Grupe. We were taken into a cold, wet bathroom, and I was ordered to undress. Did I protest? Well, I never grew so earnest in my life as when I tried to beg off. They said if I did not they would use force and that it would not be very gentle. At this I noticed one of the craziest women in the ward standing by the filled bathtub with a large, discolored rag in her hands. She was chattering away to herself and chuckling in a manner which seemed to me fiendish. I knew now what was to be done with me. I shivered. They began to undress me, and one by one they pulled off my clothes. At last everything was gone excepting one garment. “I will not remove it,” I said vehemently, but they took it off. I gave one glance at the group of patients gathered at the door


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68 swiftly into the hall and there was a skirmish for hats. Such hats!

never forget my first walk. When all the patients had donned the white straw hats, such as bathers wear at Coney Island, I could not but laugh at their comical appearances. I could not distinguish one woman from another. I lost Miss Neville, and had to take my hat off and search for her. When we met we put our hats on and laughed at one another. Two by two we formed in line, and guarded by the attendants we went out a back way on to the walks.

We had not gone many paces when I saw, proceeding from every walk, long lines of women guarded by nurses. How many there were! Every way I looked I could see them in the queer dresses, comical straw hats and shawls, marching slowly around. I eagerly watched the passing lines and a thrill of horror crept over me at the sight. Vacant eyes and meaningless faces, and their tongues uttered meaningless nonsense. One crowd passed and I


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Rh “Oh, give me a pillow and pull the covers over me, I am so cold.”

At this I saw Miss Grupe sit down on her and run her cold hands over the old woman’s face and down inside the neck of her dress. At the old woman’s cries she laughed savagely, as did the other nurses, and repeated her cruel action. That day the old woman was carried away to another ward.

suffered greatly from cold. One morning she sat on the bench next to me and was livid with the cold. Her limbs shook and her teeth chattered. I spoke to the three attendants who sat with coats on at the table in the center of the floor.

“It is cruel to lock people up and then freeze them,” I said. They replied she had on as much as any of the rest, and she would get no more. Just then Miss Mayard took a fit and every patient looked frightened. Miss Neville caught her in her arms and held her, although the nurses roughly said:

“Let her fall on the floor and it will teach her a lesson.” Miss Neville told them what she thought of their actions, and then I got orders to make my appearance in the office.

Just as I reached there Superintendent Dent came to the door and I told him how we were suffering from the cold, and of Miss Mayard’s condition. Doubtless, I spoke incoherently, for I told of the state of the food, the treatment of the nurses and their refusal to give more clothing, the condition of Miss Mayard, and the nurses telling us, because the asylum was a public institution, we could not expect even kindness. Assuring


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Rh and pleading from the room. She was also taken to the closet, and her cries grew lower and lower, and then ceased.

The nurses returned to the room and Miss Grady remarked that she had “settled the old fool for awhile.” I told some of the physicians of the occurrence, but they did not pay any attention to it.

One of the characters in Hall 6 was Matilda, a little old German woman, who, I believe, went insane over the loss of money. She was small, and had a pretty pink complexion. She was not much trouble, except at times. She would take spells, when she would talk into the steam-heaters or get up on a chair and talk out of the windows. In these conversations she railed at the lawyers who had taken her property. The nurses seemed to find a great deal of amusement in teasing the harmless old soul. One day I sat beside Miss Grady and Miss Grupe, and heard them tell her perfectly vile things to call Miss McCarten. After telling her to say these things they would send her to the other nurse, but Matilda proved that she, even in her state, had more sense than they.

“I cannot tell you. It is private,” was all she would say. I saw Miss Grady, on a pretense of whispering to her, spit in her ear. Matilda quietly wiped her ear and said nothing.

this time I had made the acquaintance of the greater number of the forty-five women in hall 6. Let me introduce a few. Louise, the pretty German girl whom I have spoken of formerly as being sick with fever, had the delusion that the spirits of her dead parents were with her. “I have gotten many beatings from


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88

is little in the wards to help one pass the time. All the asylum clothing is made by the patients, but sewing does not employ one’s mind. After several months’ confinement the thoughts of the busy world grow faint, and all the poor prisoners can do is to sit and ponder over their hopeless fate. In the upper halls a good view is obtained of the passing boats and New York. Often I tried to picture to myself as I looked out between the bars to the lights faintly glimmering in the city, what my feelings would be if I had no one to obtain my release.

I have watched patients stand and gaze longingly toward the city they in all likelihood will never enter again. It means liberty and life; it seems so near, and yet heaven is not further from hell.

Do the women pine for home? Excepting the most violent cases, they are conscious that they are confined in an asylum. An only desire that never dies is the one for release, for home.

One poor girl used to tell me every morning, “I dreamed of my mother last night. I think she may come to-day and take me home.” That one thought, that longing, is always present, yet she has been confined some four years.

What a mysterious thing madness is. I have watched patients whose lips are forever sealed in a perpetual silence. They live, breathe, eat; the human form is there, but that something, which the body can live without, but which cannot exist without the body, was missing. I have wondered if behind those sealed lips there were dreams we ken not of, or if all was blank?

Still, as sad are those cases when the patients are always conversing with invisible parties. I have seen them


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90 trained, makes the evenings pass very pleasantly in hall 7. They sing and dance. Often the doctors come up and dance with the patients.

One day when we went down to dinner we heard a weak little cry in the basement. Every one seemed to notice it, and it was not long until we knew there was a baby down there. Yes, a baby. Think of it—a little, innocent babe born in such a chamber of horrors! I can imagine nothing more terrible.

A visitor who came one day brought in her arms her babe. A mother who had been separated from her five little children asked permission to hold it. When the visitor wanted to leave, the woman’s grief was uncontrollable, as she begged to keep the babe which she imagined was her own. It excited more patients than I had ever seen excited before at one time.

The only amusement, if so it may be called, given the patients outside, is a ride once a week, if the weather permits, on the “merry-go-round.” It is a change, and so they accept it with some show of pleasure.

A scrub-brush factory, a mat factory, and the laundry are where the mild patients work. They get no recompense for it, but they get hungry over it.

day Pauline Moser was brought to the asylum we heard the most horrible screams, and an Irish girl, only partly dressed, came staggering like a drunken person up the hall, yelling, “Hurrah! Three cheers! I have killed the divil! Lucifer, Lucifer, Lucifer,” and so on, over and over again. Then she would pull a handful of hair out, while she exultingly cried, “How I deceived the divils. They always said God made hell, but he didn’t.”


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Rh

after I had bidden farewell to the Blackwell’s Island Insane Asylum, I was summoned to appear before the Grand Jury. I answered the summons with pleasure, because I longed to help those of God’s most unfortunate children whom I had left prisoners behind me. If I could not bring them that boon of all boons, liberty, I hoped at least to influence others to make life more bearable for them. I found the jurors to be gentlemen, and that I need not tremble before their twenty-three august presences.

I swore to the truth of my story, and then I related all—from my start at the Temporary Home until my release. Assistant District-Attorney Vernon M. Davis conducted the examination. The jurors then requested that I should accompany them on a visit to the Island. I was glad to consent.

No one was expected to know of the contemplated trip to the Island, yet we had not been there very long before one of the commissioners of charity and Dr. MacDonald, of Ward’s Island, were with us. One of the jurors told me that in conversation with a man about the asylum, he heard that they were notified of our coming an hour before we reached the Island. This must have been done while the Grand Jury were examining the insane pavilion at Bellevue.

The trip to the island was vastly different to my first. This time we went on a clean new boat, while the one I had traveled in, they said, was laid up for repairs.

Some of the nurses were examined by the jury, and made contradictory statements to one another, as well as to my story. They confessed that the jury’s contemplated visit had been talked over between them and the


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206

Then messengers to Gernot and Giselher they sent,

To ask of these two princes if they were well content

To have Kriemhilda marry the rich and noble king.

Sir Hagen still gainsayed it, but had no following.

Then spake of the Burgundians the warrior Giselher:

“Now may you show, friend Hagen, that loyal still you are:

Make good to her the evil that you to her have done:

If aught may bring her fortune, that should you leave alone.

“You’ve wrought unto my sister such evil manifold,”—

So Giselher spake further,— the knight of spirit bold:

“That she hath had good reason to hold you in despite.

Ne’er yet was any woman bereft of more delight.”

“That am I well aware of and willing to allow.

And should she marry Etzel and live for long enow,

She’ll do us yet much evil, howe’er she it contrive;

For many a goodly warrior to serve her there doth live.”

Thereon the valiant Gernot to Hagen answeréd:

“In that case it behoves us, until they both be dead,

To study that we ride not into King Etzel’s land.

We must be loyal to her: thus honour doth demand.”

Whereto again spake Hagen: “No man can me gainsay!

And should the noble Kriemhild wear Helka’s crown one day,

She’ll do to us a mischief, howe’er it may be done:

It better would beseem you to leave the thing alone.”


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XX.]

Then wrathfully cried Giselher, of Uté fair the son:

“We need not all be traitors, though thou perchance be one!

If honour doth befall her, right joyful should we be,

Whate’er thou sayest, Hagen, I’ll serve her faithfully.”

When Hagen heard that saying, anger’d was he in mood:

For Giselher and Gernot, proud warriors both and good,

And mighty Gunther likewise, did all of them agree

That if it pleased Kriemhilda they would no hindrance be.

Then spoke the princely Gere: “The lady I’ll advise

That she do let King Etzel find favour in her eyes:

So many knights obey him, and suit and service owe,—

He yet may make her happy in spite of all her woe.”

Then went the ready warrior where Kriemhild he did see;

She graciously received him: how quickly then spake he!

“Well may you greet me, lady, and give me herald’s bread,

For good luck comes to save you now out of all your need.

“For love of you, dear lady, lo! there hath hither sent

One of the best and greatest that e’er had government

O’er realm with highest honour, or ever crown shall wear;

And noble knights sue for him: your brother bids declare.”

Then spake the sorrow-laden: “Now God prohibit thee

And all my friends from making a mockery of me!

Of me, the poor forlorn one! what could I be to one

Who heart-felt love hath ever from a good woman won?”


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208

She sorely strove against it; but presently to her

There came her brother Gernot and the lad Giselher.

These tenderly besought her to be of cheerful mood:

If she the king would marry, ’twould be for her true good.

Not one of them was able the lady to persuade,

That she should e’er be willing another man to wed;

Then did the thanes beseech her: “At least we beg of thee—

If thou naught else wilt grant us— the messengers to see.”

“That will I not refuse ye,” replied the noble wife,

“For gladly would I look on Sir Rüdeger in life,

For all his many virtues. If he it had not been,

Whoever were the envoy, I would have stay’d unseen.”

She spake: “To-morrow morning, I pray ye, bid him go

To see me in my chamber; then will I let him know

What is my will, right surely: to tell him am I fain.”

Then did her grievous sorrow break forth in tears again.

To Rüdeger the noble naught better could have been

Than that he should be granted to see the mighty queen:

He knew that, could this happen, so wise in words was he,

She, by the warrior’s talking, must needs persuaded be.

So, early on the morrow, after the mass was sung,

Arrived the noble envoys; then mighty was the throng.

Of those who to the palace with Rüdeger should go,

All gallantly accoutred; one saw a goodly show.


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XX.]

The highborn dame Kriemhilda her heart with trouble sore,

For Rüdeger was waiting,— the goodly warrior.

He found her in the raiment she wore for ev’ry day:

But none the less her women had donn’d their best array.

She rose and went to meet him, and by the door she stood,

And unto Etzel’s liegeman she gave a welcome good.

With but eleven comrades he came therein to her.

Worship had he, for never came nobler messenger.

One bade them all be seated,— the leader and his men.

The while before her standing they saw her margraves twain,

Counts Eckewart and Gere,— both noble knights and good.

For sake of her, their mistress, none seem’d of joyful mood.

They saw beside her sitting vfull many a lady fair.

For nothing save her sorrow had Kriemhild any care.

The raiment on her bosom was wet with tear-drops hot,

Nor fail’d the noble margrave Kriembhilda’s grief to note.

Then spake the lordly envoy: “Daughter of kingly race,

To me and to my comrades who here with me have place,

I pray you leave to grant us that we before you stand

And tell to you the errand that brings us to this land.”

“Now be it to you granted,” the queen in answer said,

“To speak as ye are minded; for I am purposed

Right willingly to listen: thou art a herald good.”

Yet to the others’ hearing unwilling was her mood.


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 ever had to such a reputation, master Vivian entered into all those amourettes in very beautiful style.

But Vivian Grey was a young and tender plant in a moral hot-house. His character was developing itself too soon. Although his evenings were now generally passed in the manner we have alluded to, this boy was, during the rest of the day, a hard and indefatigable student; and having now got through an immense series of historical reading, he had stumbled upon a branch of study certainly the most delightful in the world,—but, for a boy, as certainly the most pernicious,—.

And now every thing was solved! the inexplicable longings of his soul, which had so often perplexed him, were at length explained. The want, the indefinable want, which he had so constantly experienced, was at last supplied; the grand object on which to bring the

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 powers of his mind to bear and work was at last provided. He paced his chamber in an agitated spirit, and panted for the Senate.

It will be asked, what was the evil of all this? and the reader will, perhaps, murmur something about an honourable spirit and youthful ambition. Ah! I once thought so myself—but the evil is too apparent. The time drew nigh for Vivian to leave for Oxford—that is, for him to commence his long preparation for entering on his career in life. And now this person, who was about to be a pupil—this boy, this stripling, who was going to begin his education,—had all the feelings of a matured mind—of an experienced man; was already a cunning reader of human hearts; and felt conscious, from experience, that his was a tongue which was born to guide human beings. The idea of Oxford to such an individual was an insult!

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34 look of disgust, ordered him to leave me alone, saying that he would take charge of me himself. He then lifted me carefully out and I walked with the grace of a queen past the crowd that had gathered curious to see the new unfortunate. Together with the doctor I entered a small dark office, where there were several men. The one behind the desk opened a book and began on the long string of questions which had been asked me so often.

I refused to answer, and the doctor told him it was not necessary to trouble me further, as he had all the papers made out, and I was too insane to be able to tell anything that would be of consequence. I felt relieved that if was so easy here, as, though still undaunted, I had begun to feel faint for want of food. The order was then given to take me to the insane pavilion, and a muscular man came forward and caught me so tightly by the arm that a pain ran clear through me. It made me angry, and for a moment I forgot my role as I turned to him and said:

“How dare you touch me?” At this he loosened his hold somewhat, and I shook him off with more strength than I thought I possessed.

“I will go with no one but this man,” I said, pointing to the ambulance-surgeon. “The judge said that he was to take care of me, and I will go with no one else.”

At this the surgeon said that he would take me, and so we went arm in arm, following the man who had at first been so rough with me. We passed through the well-cared-for grounds and finally reached the insane ward. A white-capped nurse was there to receive me.

“This young girl is to wait here for the boat,” said the Surgeon, and then he started to leave me. I begged him not to go, or to take me with him, but he said he wanted to get his dinner first, and that I should wait there for him. When I insisted on accompanying him he claimed he had to assist at an amputation, and it would not


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Rh look well for me to be present. It was evident that he believed he was dealing with an insane person. Just then the most horrible insane cries came from a yard in the rear. With all my bravery I felt a chill at the prospect of being shut up with a fellow-creature who was really insane. The doctor evidently noticed my nervousness, for he said to the attendant:

“What a noise the carpenters make.”

Turning to me he offered me explanation to the effect that new buildings were being erected, and that the noise came from some of the workmen engaged upon it. I told him I did not want to stay there without him, and to pacify me he promised soon to return. He left me and I found myself at last an occupant of an insane asylum.

I stood at the door and contemplated the scene before me. The long, uncarpeted hall was scrubbed to that peculiar whiteness seen only in public institutions. In the rear of the hall were large iron doors fastened by a padlock. Several stiff-looking benches and a number of willow chairs were the only articles of furniture. On either side of the hall were doors leading into what I supposed and what proved to be bedrooms. Near the entrance door, on the right-hand side, was a small sitting-room for the nurses, and opposite it was a room where dinner was dished out. A nurse in a black dress, white cap and apron and armed with a bunch of keys had charge of the hall, I soon learned her name, Miss Ball.

An old Irishwoman was maid-of-all-work. I heard her called Mary, and I am glad to know that there is such a good-hearted woman in that place. I experienced only kindness and the utmost consideration from her. There were only three patients, as they are called. I made the fourth. I thought I might as well begin work at once, for I still expected that the very first doctor might declare me sane and send me out again into the wide, wide


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36 world. So I went down to the rear of the room and introduced myself to one of the women, and asked her all about herself. Her name, she said, was Miss Anne Neville, and she had been sick from overwork. She had been working as a chambermaid, and when her health gave way she was sent to some Sisters’ Home to be treated. Her nephew, who was a waiter, was out of work, and, being unable to pay her expenses at the Home, had had her transferred to Bellevue.

“Is there anything wrong with you mentally as well?” I asked her.

“No,” she said. “The doctors have been asking me many curious questions and confusing me as much as possible, but I have nothing wrong with my brain.”

“Do you know that only insane people are sent to this pavilion?” I asked.

“Yes, I know; but I am unable to do anything. The doctors refuse to listen to me, and it is useless to say anything to the nurses.”

Satisfied from various reasons that Miss Neville was as a sane as I was myself, I transferred my attentions to one of the other patients. I found her in need of medical aid and quite silly mentally, although I have seen many women in the lower walks of life, whose sanity was never questioned, who were not any brighter.

The third patient, Mrs. Fox, would not say much. She was very quiet, and after telling me that her case was hopeless refused to talk. I began now to feel surer of my position, and I determined that no doctor should convince me that I was sane so long as I had the hope of accomplishing my mission. A small, fair-complexioned nurse arrived, and, after putting on her cap, told Miss Ball to go to dinner. The new nurse, Miss Scott by name, came to me and said, rudely:

“Take off your hat.”


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Rh “I shall not take off my hat,” I answered. “I am waiting for the boat, and I shall not remove it.”

“Well, you are not going on any boat. You might as well know it now as later. You are in an asylum for the insane.”

Although fully aware of that fact, her unvarnished words gave me a shock. “I did not want to come here; I am not sick or insane, and I will not stay,” I said.

“It will be a long time before you get out if you don’t do as you are told,” answered Miss Scott. “You might as well take off your hat, or I shall use force, and if I am not able to do it, I have but to touch a bell and I shall get assistance. Will you take it off?”

“No, I will not. I am cold, and I want my hat on, and you can’t make me take it off.”

“I shall give you a few more minutes, and if you don’t take it off then I shall use force, and I warn you it will not be very gentle.”

“If you take my hat off I shall take your cap off; so now.”

Miss Scott was called to the door then, and as I feared that an exhibition of temper might show too much sanity I took off my hat and gloves and was sitting quietly looking into space when she returned. I was hungry, and was quite pleased to see Mary make preparations for dinner. The preparations were simple. She merely pulled a straight bench up along the side of a bare table and ordered the patients to gather ’round the feast; then she brought out a small tin plate on which was a piece of boiled meat and a potato. It could not have been colder had it been cooked the week before, and it had no chance to make acquaintance with salt or pepper. I would not go up to the table, so Mary came to where I sat in a corner, and, while handing out the tin plate, asked;

“Have ye any pennies about ye, dearie?”


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38 “What?” I said, in my surprise.

“Have ye any pennies, dearie, that ye could give me. They’ll take them all from ye any way, dearie, so I might as well have them.”

I understood it fully now, but I had no intention of feeing Mary so early in the game, fearing it would have an influence on her treatment of me, so I said I had lost my purse, which was quite true. But though I did not give Mary any money, she was none the less kind to me. When I objected to the tin plate in which she had brought my food she fetched a china one for me, and when I found it impossible to eat the food she presented she gave me a glass of milk and a soda cracker.

All the windows in the hall were open and the cold air began to tell on my Southern blood. It grew so cold indeed as to be almost unbearable, and I complained of it to Miss Scott and Miss Ball. But they answered curtly that as I was in a charity place I could not expect much else. All the other women were suffering from the cold, and the nurses themselves had to wear heavy garments to keep themselves warm. I asked if I could go to bed. They said “No!” At last Miss Scott got an old gray shawl, and shaking some of the moths out of it, told me to put it on.

“It’s rather a bad-looking shawl,” I said.

“Well, some people would get along better if they were not so proud,” said Miss Scott. “People on charity should not expect anything and should not complain.”

So I put the moth-eaten shawl, with all its musty smell, around me, and sat down on a wicker chair, wondering what would come next, whether I should freeze to death or survive. My nose was very cold, so I covered up my head and was in a half doze, when the shawl was suddenly jerked from my face and a strange man and


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Rh Miss Scott stood before me. The man proved to be a doctor, and his first greetings were:

“I’ve seen that face before.”

“Then you know me?” I asked, with a great show of eagerness that I did not feel.

“I think I do. Where did you come from?”

“From home.”

“Where is home?”

“Don’t you know? Cuba.”

He then sat down beside me, felt my pulse, and examined my tongue, and at last said:

“Tell Miss Scott all about yourself.”

“No, I will not. I will not talk with women.”

“What do you do in New York?”

“Nothing.”

“Can you work?”

“No, senor.”

“Tell me, are you a woman of the town?”


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40 “I do not understand you,” I replied, heartily disgusted with him.

“I mean have you allowed the men to provide for you and keep you?”

I felt like slapping him in the face, but I had to maintain my composure, so I simply said:

“I do not know what you are talking about. I always lived at home.”

After many more questions, fully as useless and senseless, he left me and began to talk with the nurse. “Positively demented,” he said. “I consider it a hopeless case. She needs to be put where some one will take care of her.”

And so I passed my second medical expert.

After this, I began to have a smaller regard for the ability of doctors than I ever had before, and a greater one for myself. I felt sure now that no doctor could tell whether people were insane or not, so long as the case was not violent.

Later in the afternoon a boy and a woman came. The woman sat down on a bench, while the boy went in and talked with Miss Scott. In a short time he came out, and, just nodding good-bye to the woman, who was his mother, went away. She did not look insane, but as she was German I could not learn her story. Her name, however, was Mrs. Louise Schanz. She seemed quite lost, but when the nurses put her at some sewing she did her work well and quickly. At three in the afternoon all the patients were given a gruel broth, and at five a cup of tea and a piece of bread. I was favored; for when they saw that it was impossible for me to eat the bread or drink the stuff honored by the name of tea, they gave me a cup of milk and a cracker, the same as I had had at noon.

Just as the gas was being lighted another patient was added. She was a young girl, twenty-five years old.


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Rh She told me that she had just gotten up from a sick bed. Her appearance confirmed her story. She looked like one who had had a severe attack of fever. “I am now suffering from nervous debility,” she said, “and my friends have sent me here to be treated for it.” I did not tell her where she was, and she seemed quite satisfied. At 6.15 Miss Ball said that she wanted to go away, and so we would all have to go to bed. Then each of us—we now numbered six—were assigned a room and told to undress. I did so, and was given a short, cotton-flannel gown to wear during the night. Then she took every particle of the clothing I had worn during the day, and, making it up in a bundle, labeled it “Brown,” and took it away. The iron-barred window was locked, and Miss Ball, after giving me an extra blanket, which, she said, was a favor rarely granted, went out and left me alone. The bed was not a comfortable one. It was so hard, indeed, that I could not make a dent in it; and the pillow was stuffed with straw. Under the sheet was an oilcloth spread. As the night grew colder I tried to warm that oilcloth. I kept on trying, but when morning dawned and it was still as cold as when I went to bed, and had reduced me, too, to the temperature of an iceberg, I gave it up as an impossible task.

I had hoped to get some rest on this my first night in an insane asylum. But I was doomed to disappointment. When the night nurses came in they were curious to see me and to find out what I was like. No sooner had they left than I heard some one at the door inquiring for Nellie Brown, and I began to tremble, fearing always that my sanity would be discovered. By listening to the conversation I found it was a reporter in search of me, and I heard him ask for my clothing so that he might examine it. I listened quite anxiously to the talk about me, and was relieved to learn that I was considered hopelessly insane. That was encouraging. After the re-


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42 porter left I heard new arrivals, and I learned that a doctor was there and intended to see me. For what purpose I knew not, and I imagined all sorts of horrible things, such as examinations and the rest of it, and when they got to my room I was shaking with more than fear.

“Nellie Brown, here is the doctor; he wishes to speak with you,” said the nurse. If that’s all he wanted I thought I could endure it. I removed the blanket which I had put over my head in my sudden fright and looked up. The sight was reassuring.

He was a handsome young man. He had the air and address of a gentleman. Some people have since censured this action; but I feel sure, even if it was a little indiscreet, that the young doctor only meant kindness to me. He came forward, seated himself on the side of my bed, and put his arm soothingly around my shoulders. It was a terrible task to play insane before this young man, and only a girl can sympathize with me in my position.

“How do you feel to-night, Nellie?” he asked, easily.

“Oh, I feel all right.”

“But you are sick, you know,” he said.

“Oh, am I?” I replied, and I turned my head on the pillow and smiled.

“When did you leave Cuba, Nellie?”

“Oh, you know my home?” I asked.

“Yes, very well. Don’t you remember me? I remember you.”

“Do you?” and I mentally said I should not forget him. He was accompanied by a friend who never ventured a remark, but stood staring at me as I lay in bed. After a great many questions, to which I answered truthfully, he left me. Then came other troubles. All night long the nurses read one to the other aloud, and I know that the other patients, as well as myself, were unable to sleep. Every half-hour or hour they would walk heavily


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endeavour to trace, if possible, more accurately the workings of Vivian Grey's mind at this period of his existence. In the plenitude of his ambition, he stopped one day to inquire in what manner he could obtain his magnificent ends.

"—pooh! law and bad jokes till we are forty; and then, with the most brilliant success, the prospect of gout and a coronet. Besides, to succeed as an advocate, I must be a great lawyer; and, to be a great lawyer, I must give up my chance of being a great man. in war time are

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 fit only for desperadoes (and that truly am I); but, in peace, are fit only for fools. is more rational. Let me see: I should certainly like to act Wolsey; but the thousand and one chances against me! And truly I feel my destiny should not be on a chance. Were I the son of a Millionaire, or a noble, I might have all. Curse on my lot! that the want of a few rascal counters, and the possession of a little rascal blood, should mar my fortunes!"

Such was the general tenor of Vivian's thoughts, until, musing himself almost into madness, he at last made, as he conceived, the. "Riches are Power, says the Economist:—and is not Intellect? asks the philosopher. And yet, while the influence of the Millionaire is instantly felt in all classes of society, how is it that 'Noble Mind' so often leaves us unknown and unhonoured? Why have there been statesmen who have never

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 ruled, and heroes who have never conquered? Why have glorious philosophers died in a garret? and why have there been poets whose only admirer has been Nature in her echoes? It must be that these beings have thought only of themselves, and, constant and elaborate students of their own glorious natures, have forgotten or disdained the study of all others. Yes! we must mix with the herd; we must enter into their feelings; we must humour their weaknesses; we must sympathise with the sorrows that we do not feel; and share the merriment of fools. Oh, yes! to rule men, we must be men; to prove that we are strong, we must be weak; to prove that we are giants, we must be dwarfs: even as the Eastern Genie was hid in the charmed bottle. Our wisdom must be concealed under folly, and our constancy under caprice.

"I have been often struck by the ancient tales of Jupiter's visits to the earth. In these

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 adventures, the God bore no indication of the Thunderer's glory; but was a man of low estate, a herdsman, or other hind; and often even an animal. A mighty spirit has in Tradition, Time's great moralist, perused 'the wisdom of the ancients.' Even in the same spirit, I would explain Jove's terrestrial visitings. For, to govern man, even the God appeared to feel as a man; and sometimes as a beast, was apparently influenced by their vilest passions. Mankind, then, is my great game.

"At this moment, how many a powerful noble wants only wit to be a Minister; and what wants Vivian Grey to attain the same end? That noble's influence. When two persons can so materially assist each other, why are they not brought together? Shall I, because my birth baulks my fancy—shall I pass my life a moping misanthrope in an old château? Supposing I am in contact with this magnifico, am I prepared? Now, let me probe my very soul.

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 Does my cheek blanch? I have the mind for the conception; and I can perform right skilfully upon the most splendid of musical instruments—the human voice—to make those conceptions beloved by others. There wants but one thing more—courage, pure, perfect courage;—and does Vivian Grey know fear? He laughed an answer of bitterest derision.

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any one surprised that Vivian Grey, with a mind teeming with such feelings, should view the approach of the season for his departure to Oxford, with sentiments of thorough disgust? After many hours of bitter meditation he sought his father; he made him acquainted with his feelings, but concealed from him his actual views, and dwelt on the misery of being thrown back in life, at a period when society seemed instinct with a spirit peculiarly active, and when so many openings were daily offered to the adventurous and the bold.

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 the expression which befitted the approaching interview, and in a moment Miss Graves and the physician were left alone.

"Very amiable young woman. Miss Gusset appears to be, Dr. Sly?"

"Oh! the most amiable being in the world—I owe her the greatest obligations."

"So gentle in her manners.'"

"O yes, so gentle."

"So considerate for every body."

"Oh, yes! so considerate," echoed the Aberdeen M. D.

"I am afraid though, she must sometimes meet with people who don't exactly understand her character. sS [sic]uch extraordinary consideration for others is sometimes liable to misconstruction."

"Very sensibly remarked. Miss Graves; I am sure Miss Gusset means well; and that kind of thing is all very admirable in its way—but—but—"

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 "Yes, indeed—it is quite enough to make one sick—eh! Dr. Sly?"

The Doctor shook his head mournfully, remembering the haunch.

"They say Ernest Clay's in sad difficulties, Miss Gusset."

"Well, I always expected his dash would end in that. Those wild harum-scarum men are monstrous disagreeable.—I like a person of some reflection— eh! Dr. Sly?"

Before the doctor could bow his usual assent, there entered a pretty little page, very daintily attired in a fancy dress of green and silver. Twirling his richly chased dirk with one tiny white hand, and at the same time playing with a pet curl, which was most picturesquely flowing over his forehead, he advanced with ambling gait to Miss Gusset, and, in a mincing voice, and courtly phrase, summoned her to the imperial presence.

The lady's features immediately assumed

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44 “Then why did you give the name of Brown?” he asked. “What is wrong with you?”

“Nothing. I did not want to come here, but they brought me. I want to go away. Won’t you let me out?”

“If I take you out will you stay with me? Won’t you run away from me when you get on the street?”

“I can’t promise that I will not,” I answered, with a smile and a sigh, for he was handsome.

He asked me many other questions. Did I ever see faces on the wall? Did I ever hear voices around? I answered him to the best of my ability.

“Do you ever hear voices at night?” he asked.

“Yes, there is so much talking I cannot sleep.”

“I thought so,” he said to himself. Then turning to me, he asked: “What do these voices say?”

“Well, I do not listen to them always. But sometimes, very often, they talk about Nellie Brown, and then on other subjects that do not interest me half so much.” I answered, truthfully.

“That will do,” he said to Miss Scott, who was just on the outside.

“Can I go away?” I asked.

“Yes,” he said, with a satisfied laugh, “we’ll soon send you away.”

“It is so very cold here, I want to go out,” I said.

“That’s true,” he said to Miss Scott. “The cold is almost unbearable in here, and you will have some cases of pneumonia if you are not careful.”

With this I was led away and another patient was taken in. I sat right outside the door and waited to hear how he would test the sanity of the other patients. With little variation the examination was exactly the same as mine. All the patients were asked if they saw faces on the wall, heard voices, and what they said. I might also add each patient denied any such peculiar freaks of sight


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Rh and hearing. At 10 o’clock we were given a cup of unsalted beef tea; at noon a bit of cold meat and a potatoe, at 3 o’clock a cup of oatmeal gruel and at 5.30 a cup of tea and a slice of unbuttered bread. We were all cold and hungry. After the physician left we were given shawls and told to walk up and down the halls in order to get warm. During the day the pavilion was visited by a number of people who were curious to see the crazy girl from Cuba. I kept my head covered, on the plea of being cold, for fear some of the reporters would recognize me. Some of the visitors were apparently in search of a missing girl, for I was made take down the shawl repeatedly, and after they looked at me they would say, “I don’t know her,” “ [sic] or “she is not the one,” for which I was secretly thankful. Warden O’Rourke visited me, and tried his arts on an examination. Then he brought some well-dressed women and some gentlemen at different times to have a glance at the mysterious Nellie Brown.

The reporters were the most troublesome. Such a number of them! And they were all so bright and clever that I was terribly frightened lest they should see that I was sane. They were very kind and nice to me, and very gentle in all their questionings. My late visitor the night previous came to the window while some reporters were interviewing me in the sitting-room, and told the nurse to allow them to see me, as they would be of assistance in finding some clew as to my identity.

In the afternoon Dr. Field came and examined me. He asked me only a few questions, and ones that had no bearing on such a case. The chief question was of my home and friends, and if I had any lovers or had ever been married. Then he made me stretch out my arms and move my fingers, which I did without the least hesitation, yet I heard him say my case was hopeless. The other patients were asked the same questions.


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46 As the doctor was about to leave the pavilion Miss Tillie Mayard discovered that she was in an insane ward.

She went to Dr. Field and asked him why she had been sent there.

“Have you just found out you are in an insane asylum?” asked the doctor.

“Yes; my friends said they were sending me to a convalescent ward to be treated for nervous debility, from which I am suffering since my illness, I want to get out of this place immediately.”

“Well, you won’t get out in a hurry,” he said, with a quick laugh.

“If you know anything at all,” she responded, “you should be able to tell that I am perfectly sane. Why don’t you test me?”

“We know all we want to on that score,” said the doctor, and he left the poor girl condemned to an insane asylum, probably for life, without giving her one feeble chance to prove her sanity.

Sunday night was but a repetition of Saturday. All night long we were kept awake by the talk of the nurses and their heavy walking through the uncarpeted halls. On Monday morning we were told that we should be taken away at 1.30. The nurses questioned me unceasingly about my home, and all seemed to have an idea that I had a lover who had cast me forth on the world and wrecked my brain. The morning brought many reporters. How untiring they are in their efforts to get something new. Miss Scott refused to allow me to be seen, however, and for this I was thankful. Had they been given free access to me, I should probably not have been a mystery long, for many of them knew me by sight. Warden O’Rourke came for a final visit and had a short conversation with me. He wrote his name in my notebook, saying to the nurse that I would forget all about it in an hour. I smiled and thought I wasn’t sure of that. Other people


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Rh called to see me, but none knew me or could give any information about me.

Noon came. I grew nervous as the time approached to leave for the Island. I dreaded every new arrival, fearful that my secret would be discovered at the last moment. Then I was given a shawl and my hat and gloves. I could hardly put them on, my nerves were so unstrung. At last the attendant arrived, and I bade good-bye to Mary as I slipped “a few pennies” into her hand. “God bless you,” she said; “I shall pray for you. Cheer up, dearie. You are young, and will get over this.” I told her I hoped so, and then I said good-bye to Miss Scott in Spanish. The rough-looking attendant twisted his arms around mine, and half-led, half-dragged me to an ambulance. A crowd of the students had assembled, and they watched us curiously. I put the shawl over my face, and sank thankfully into the wagon, Miss Neville, Miss Mayard, Mrs. Fox, and Mrs. Schanz were all put in after me, one at a time. A man got in with us, the doors were locked, and we were driven out of the gates in great style on toward the Insane Asylum and victory! The patients made no move to escape. The odor of the male attendant’s breath was enough to make one’s head swim.

When we reached the wharf such a mob of people crowded around the wagon that the police were called to put them away, so that we could reach the boat. I was the last of the procession. I was escorted down the plank, the fresh breeze blowing the attendants’ whisky breath into my face until I staggered. I was taken into a dirty cabin, where I found my companions seated on a narrow bench. The small windows were closed, and, with the smell of the filthy room, the air was stifling. At one end of the cabin was a small bunk in such a condition that I had to hold my nose when I went near it. A sick girl was put on it. An old woman, with an


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48 enormous bonnet and a dirty basket filled with chunks of bread and bits of scrap meat, completed our company. The door was guarded by two female attendants. One

was clad in a dress made of bed-ticking and the other was dressed with some attempt at style. They were coarse, massive women, and expectorated tobacco juice about on the floor in a manner more skillful than charming. One of these fearful creatures seemed to have much faith in the power of the glance on insane people, for, when any one of us would move or go to look out of the high window she would say “Sit down,” and would lower her brows and glare in a way that was simply terrifying. While guarding the door they talked with some men on the outside. They discussed the number of patients and then their own affairs in a manner neither edifying nor refined.

The boat stopped and the old woman and the sick girl were taken off. The rest of us were told to sit still. At the next stop my companions were taken off, one at a time. I was last, and it seemed to require a man and a


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 "Vivian," said Mr. Grey, "beware of endeavouring to be a great man in a hurry. One such attempt in ten thousand may succeed: these are fearful odds. Admirer as you are of Lord Bacon, you may perhaps remember a certain parable of his, called 'Memnon, or a youth too forward.' I hope you are not going to be one of those sons of Aurora, 'who, puffed up with the glittering show of vanity and ostentation, attempt actions above their strength.'

"You talk to me about the peculiarly active spirit of society; if the spirit of society be so peculiarly active, Mr. Vivian Grey should beware lest it outstrip him. Is neglecting to mature your mind, my boy, exactly the way to win the race? This is an age of unsettled opinions and contested principles:—in the very measures of our administration, the speculative spirit of the present day is, to say the least, not impalpable. Nay, don't start, my dear

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210

Then he of Bechelaren, Prince Rüdeger, began:

“With plenteous love, and faithful, Etzel, a great sovran,

To this thy land, fair lady, hath sent an embassy

Of knights to seek thy favour,— a goodly company.

“He offers thee right frankly love free from all alloy:

And eke such stedfast friendship thou shalt with him enjoy,

As erewhile did dame Helka, so near his heart who lay.

Ay, he hath mourn’d her virtues for many a joyless day.”

“Sir Rüdeger the margrave,” in answer spake the queen,

“No one who hath already my bitter sorrow seen,

To any man would bid me myself in wedlock bind.

Ay! I have lost the best one that ever wife did find.”

“What else,” the bold man answer’d, “for sorrow may atone

So well as loving friendship, if such may be, from one

Who for himself is choosing what seems to him the best?

Naught, after heartfelt sorrow, can give such happy rest.

“If to my noble master to give thy love thou’lt deign,

Of twelve right wealthy kingdoms thou shalt be sovereign.

My lord will also give you full thirty princes’ lands,

Each one of which was conquer’d by his all-potent hands.

“Thereto shalt thou be mistress of many a worthy wight

Who to my lady Helka did service owe of right;

And over many a lady who dwelt beneath her sway,

Of high and princely lineage.” Thus did the bold knight say.


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XX.]

“My lord will likewise give thee, as he doth bid me say—

If with the king thou deignest to wear the crown one day—

The highest power that ever he unto Helka gave:

Thou over Etzel’s vassals authority shalt have.”

Then spake the queen: “What pleasure remains for me in life,

That ever I should covet to be a hero’s wife?

Such sorrow have I suffer’d all through the death of one,

That I must aye be joyless, until my life be done.”

But once more spake the Hunsman: ‘Most high and noble queen,

Your life along with Etzel so glorious would be seen,

Naught would it be but gladness, if this should come to pass:

And many a handsome warrior the mighty monarch has.”

“The damsels of Queen Helka, the maids that follow thee,

Shall make with one another a single company;

A sight at which the warriors shall merry be of mood.

Be counsell’d therefore, lady; in sooth ’tis for thy good!”

With courtesy she answer’d: “Now let this parley be

Until to-morrow early; then come again to me

And you shall have my answer to what you have at heart.”

Needs must the valiant warrior agree, and so depart.

When they unto their hostel had all returnéd home,

Then sent the noble lady for Giselher to come,

And likewise for her mother: and unto both did vow,

That nothing else save weeping was fitting for her now.


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212

Said Giselher, her brother: “Sister, ’tis my belief—

And some to me have said it— that all thy bitter grief

King Etzel will make vanish: and shouldst thou marry him—

Whatever others counsel— well done I will it deem.

“He surely may console thee,” said Giselher again:

“From Rhone unto the Rhine-stream, from Elbe unto the main,

There’s not another sovran so powerful as he.

Right soon may’st thou be happy, if wife he makes of thee.”

“My brother well belovéd, how canst thou thus advise?

To weep and mourn seems ever more fitting in mine eyes.

How, at the court there, should I before the warriors go?

If ever I were comely, no longer am I so.”

Then spake the lady Uté her daughter dear unto:

“Whate’er thy brothers counsel, fail not, dear child, to do;

Follow thy friends’ advising, so will it prosper thee.

Too long have I beheld thee in thy great misery.”

Then God she pray’d right sorely that store of worldly gear,

Of silver, gold and raiment be granted unto her,

To give; as when her husband in life and health she had;

Though never as aforetime could life again be glad.

Within her heart she ponder’d: “Shall I my body give—

Who am a Christian woman— and with a heathen wive?

Fore all the world and ever disgrace on me ’twould bring,—

Though all his wealth he gave me, I would not do this thing!”


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Rh inaccessible through lack of efficiency; and from envy to revenge and revolution the transition is natural and easy.

In the youth of a nation there is virtual equality of fortunes — all are poor. Sixty years ago there were probably not a half dozen millionaires in America; the number now is not definitely known, but it runs into thousands; that of persons of less but considerable wealth — enough to take attention — into the hundreds of thousands. Poverty used to be rather proud of our millionaires ; they were so few that the poor man seldom or never saw them, to mark the contrast between their abundance and his privation. Now the two are everywhere neighbors. The poor man sees " the idle rich " (who mostly work like beavers) in their carriages, while himself walks and, if it please him so to do, "takes their dust." He looks into the windows of ballrooms and erroneously believes that the gorgeous creatures within are happier than he. If he happen to be so intellectual as to be distinguished in letters, art or some other profitless pursuit as to be sought by them, all the keener is his sense of the difference; all the more humiliating his inability to suffer their particular kind of disillusion. Partly because


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XX.]

And so she left the matter: but all night long, till day,

The lady on her pillow with endless brooding lay.

Her eyes that shone so brightly, from tears were never dried,

Until at dawn of morning unto the mass she hied.

The kings came thither also close on the hour of mass;

They had been taking counsel upon their sister’s case:

To marry they advised her the king of Hungary.

But neither found the lady disposed more cheerfully.

Forthwith were orders given King Etzel’s men to bring,;

Who now would leave have taken and home been travelling,—

Accepted or rejected, whichever of the twain.

Then to the court came Rüdeger. The heroes urged again

That he should rightly fathom the noble Gunther’s mood,

And do it very quickly: to all did this seem good:

To get back to their country, they needs must journey far.

And so unto Kriemhilda they usher’d Rüdeger.

With kindly words of pleading began the warrior;

The noble queen beseeching that she would let him hear

What message for his master, to Etzel’s land she sent.

I ween he found her answer naught save discouragement:

That she forsooth would never again wed anyone.

Whereon the margrave answer’d: “That surely were ill-done!

Why shouldst thou thy fair body so wastefully disdain?

Thou mightst become with honour a good man’s wife again.”


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214

But naught avail’d their praying, until that Rüdeger

All privately did whisper into the great queen’s ear,

That all she ever suffer’d he would make good again.

Whereat her great misliking somewhat began to wane.

Unto the queen thus spake he: “Let now your weeping be. If you among the Hunsfolk had ne’er a friend save me,

And all my trusty kinsmen, and eke my liegemen true,

Hath any done you evil right dearly should he rue.”

Thenceforth the lady’s humour somewhat more gentle grew.

She said: “An oath now give me: whatever men may do

That you will be the first one to right mine injury.”

Whereto the margrave answer’d: “That will I readily.”

With all his men did Rüdeger swear by an oath to her

That he would serve her truly; and that no warrior

Should ever aught deny her, throughout King Etzel’s land,

In what concern’d her honour. So pledged her Rüdeger’s hand.

Then, faithful-hearted, thought she: “Since on my will to wait

I’ve met with friends so many, I’ll let the people prate

Howe’er they have a mind to, of me, poor wretched wife!

What if I yet have vengeance for my dear husband’s life?”

She thought: “Since Etzel holdeth so many knights in fee,

I also may command them, and do what pleaseth me.

So wealthy is he also, I shall have much to give:

Me did that hateful Hagen of all my goods deprive.”


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 ther overclouded. Let us see a glimpse of sunshine in the last chapter; it is quite essential."

Nothing would be more easy for me, madam, than to comply with your injunctions; for, in truth, the parties in whom you have had the goodness to be interested, did live long and happily, and begot sons and daughters."

"It is unnecessary, sir," she said, with a slight nod of reprimand, "to be particular concerning their matrimonial comforts.—But what is your objection to let us have, in a general way, a glimpse of their future felicity?"

"Really, madam, you must be aware, that every volume of a narrative turns less and less interesting as the author draws to a conclusion, just like your tea, which, though excellent, is necessarily weaker and more insipid in the last cup. Now, as I think the one is by no means improved by the luscious lump of half-dissolved sugar usually found at the bottom of


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 it, so I think a history, growing already vapid, is but dully crutched up by a detail of circumstances which every reader must have anticipated, even though the author exhaust on them every flowery epithet in the language."

"This will not do, Mr Pattieson," continued the lady; "you have, as I may say, basted up your first story very hastily and clumsily at the conclusion; and, in my trade, I would have cuffed the youngest apprentice who had put such a horrid and bungled spot of work out of her hand.—And if you do not redeem this gross error by telling us all about the marriage of Morton and Edith, and what became of the other personages of the story, from Lady Margaret down to Goose-Gibbie, I apprize you, that you will not be held to have accomplished your task handsomely."

"Well, madam," I replied, "my mate rials are so ample, that I think I can satisfy your curiosity, unless it descend to very minute circumstances indeed."


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 "First, then," said she, "for that is most essential,—Did Lady Margaret get back her fortune and her castle?"

"She did, madam, and in the easiest way imaginable, as heir, namely, to her worthy cousin, Basil Olifant, who died without a will; and thus, by his death, not only restored, but even augmented, the fortune of her, whom, during his life, he had pursued with the most inveterate malice. John Gudyill, reinstated in his dignity, was more important than ever; and Cuddie, with rapturous delight, entered upon the cultivation of the mains of Tillietudlem, and the occupation of his original cottage. But, with the shrewd caution of his character, he was never heard to boast of having fired the lucky shot which repossessed his lady and himself in their original habitations. 'After a',' he said to Jenny, who was his only confidante, 'he was my Leddy's cousin, and a grand gentleman; and though he was acting again the law, as I understand, for he ne'er shewed ony


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 consent, sir? I love books which teach a proper deference in young persons to their parents. In a novel they may fall in love without their countenance, because it is essential to the necessary intricacy of the story, but they must always have the benefit of their countenance at last. Even old Delville received Cecilia, though the daughter of a man of low birth."

"And even so, madam, Lady Margaret was prevailed on to countenance Morton, although the old Covenanter, his father, stuck sorely with her for some time. Edith was her only hope, and she wished to see her happy; Morton, or Melville Morton, as he was more generally called, stood so high in the reputation of the world, and was in every other respect such an eligible match, that she put her prejudice aside, and consoled herself with the recollection, that marriage went by destiny, as was observed to her, she said, by his most Sacred Majesty, Charles the Second of happy memory, when she shewed him the


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XX.]

To Rüdeger thus spake she: “If it were known to me

That he were not an heathen, I would come willingly,

Whithersoe’er he listeth, and take him for my lord.”

The margrave answer’d: “Lady, heed not a single word.

“He hath so many warriors, who in Christ’s faith believe

That with the king at no time shall you have cause to grieve.

What if your faith should win him to take the Christian life?

Then might you well be happy to be King Etzel’s wife.”

Then said her brothers also: “Now, sister mine, say ‘Yes,’

And so be quit for ever of your unhappiness.”

Thus long did they beseech her, till, full of sorrow, she

Before the heroes promised King Etzel’s wife to be.

She said: “You will I follow, a queen right sad of heart,

And fare with you to Huns’ land; so may we now depart,

When I the friends have found me to bring me to his land.”

To that, before the heroes, fair Kriemhild gave her hand.

Then to her said the margrave: “Hast thou a pair of men,

To them I can add many: it will be easy then

To bring you with due honour unto Rhine’s further side:

No longer, mid Burgundians, lady, must thou abide.

“I have five hundred liegemen, and kinsmen too, of whom

Thou mayst command the service,— or here, or there at home

To do thy bidding, lady; and I will do the same,

Whene’er thou claim’st my promise,— that so I have no shame.


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was mine earnest wish, most courteous Reader, that the "Tales of my Landlord" should have reached thine hands in one entire succession of tomes, or volumes. But as I sent some few more manuscript quires, containing the continuation of these most pleasant narratives, I was apprised, somewhat unceremoniously, by my publisher, that he did not approve of novels (as he injuriously called these real histories) extending beyond four volumes, and, if I did not agree to the first four being published separately, he threatened to decline the article (O, ignorance! as if the vernacular article of our mother English were capable of declension!) Whereupon,


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 warrant, or required Lord Evandale to surrender, and though I mind killing him nae mair than I wad do a muir-cock, yet it is as weel to keep a calm sough about it.' He not only did so, but ingeniously enough countenanced a report that old Gudyill had done the deed, which was worth many a gill of brandy to him from the old butler, who, far different in disposition from Cuddie, was much more inclined to exaggerate than suppress his exploits of manhood. The blind widow was provided for in the most comfortable manner, as well as the little guide to the Linn; and"

"But what is all this to the marriage—the marriage of the principal personages?" interrupted Miss Buskbody, impatiently tapping her snuff-box.

"The marriage of Morton and Miss Bellenden was delayed for several months, as both went into deep mourning on account of Lord Evandale's death. They were then wedded."

"I hope, not without Lady Margaret's


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Rh Snipe, Jack, early appearance of, 435

Sparrowhawk, nesting habits of, 346, 436

Sparrowhawks flocking, 28

Sphæriidæ, 161

Sphærium corneum, 161

„ lacustre, id.

,, rivicola, id.

Spoonbill in Dorsetshire, 309

Stanley, Henry M., 'Through the Dark Continent' (review), 307

Starlings destroying Larks' eggs, 451 „ Rose-coloured, 16

Stercorarius parasiticus, 154

,, pomatorhinus, id.

Stonechat, nesting habits of, 294

Strickland, H. E., M.A., F.R.S., 'Rules for Zoological Nomen- clature' (review), 272

Succinea elegans, 87

„ putris, id.

Sunfish on the coast of Devon, 351

Swallow, late, 45

Swannery at Abbotsbury, 208

Swift, Pallid, egg of, 25

Swordfish in Mount's Bay, 351 ; on the coast of Devon, id.

Tape-fish, Morris's, at Pennan, Aber- deenshire, 60

Terns in the Estuary of the Moy, 26

Thrush, Song, incubating on the ground, 350

'Transactions of the Norfolk and Norwich Naturalists' Society' (re- view), 464

Truffles, 226

Turdus iliacus, 153

„ pilaris, id.

Turtles, Soft-shelled, some pecu- liarities in the anatomy of, 401

Turtur auritus, 154

Unio pictorum, 163, 181

„ tumidus, 163

Unionidæ, 163

Univalves, 85, 163

Valvata cristata, 165 „ piscinalis, 164

Valvatidse, 164

Vanellus cristatus, 154

Variety of the Mole, 22, 128 ; of the Weasel, 434

Vertigo antivertigo, 123

,, edentula, id.

„ pygmaea, id.

Vitrina pellucida, 87

Waders, autumnal migration of, 43

Wagtail, Grey, gregarious at roosting time, 390

Pied, 28

Warbler, Blue-throated, 44

Waterhen, pugnacity of, 347

Weasel carrying its young, 252; variety, 434 ; stealing eggs, 451 Whale, Atlantic Right, 4

„ Beaked, killed in the Menai Strait, 13

„ Broad-fronted Beaked, 7

„ Caing, 10

,, Common Beaked, 7

„ Cuvier's, id.

„ Driving, 10

„ Greenland Right, 4

,, Humpbacked, id.

„ Pilot, 10

„ Sowerby's, 8

,, Sperm, 6

„ Two-toothed, 15

„ White, 8; at the Westminster Aquarium, 232

'Whale, the White' (review), 270

Whales, Toothed, 3

„ Whalebone, id.

Wheatear, nesting habits, 294

Whinchat, nesting habits, id.

Whyte-Melville, G.J., 'Riding Re- collections' (review), 310

Wildfowl breeding in Norfolk, 42

Wonfor, Mr. T. W., death of, 455

Woodcock, 45 ; double migration of, 389

Woodpeckers, notes from the New Forest on, 345

Wren, Willow, nesting at a height from the ground, 351

„ Wood, in Ireland, 348

Wryneck, albino specimen, 29; in Perthshire, 437


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216

“Now see that you have ready your horse accoutrement;

What Rüdeger doth counsel you never shall repent;

And say this to your maidens whom you will thither bring:

‘Ay, many a chosen hero shall we meet travelling.’”

Still much of wrought equipment from Siegfried’s time they had,

That had been used in riding; wherewith full many a maid

Might take the road with honour whene’er they thence should fare.

Ay! goodly were the saddles they gave the ladies fair.

If such-like costly raiment they ere had worn before,

Now ready for the journey they had a goodly store;

For of the King such marvels had unto them been said.

Chests that had long been standing close-lock’d were open laid.

Unwearyingly work’d they till unto the fifth day;

They sought from out the presses the stores that in them lay.

Her treasure-chests to open Kriemhild herself did go.

On Rüdeger’s good liegemen she fain would wealth bestow.

Still had she somewhat over of gold from Niblung-land;

(Among the Huns she thought to divide it with her hand),

A hundred sumpter horses the load could nowise bear.

This tale about Kriemhilda was brought to Hagen’s ear.

Quoth he: “Because Kriemhilda will ne’er to me be kind,

The gold that once was Siegfried’s, she needs must leave behind.

Why should I such a treasure unto my foes let go?

Right well I know what Kriemhild with all this gold will do.