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Rh ginners proceed. But, after a certaip time, it is not a good way of proceeding. To think in the language which we learn is the great object. A good French scholar never translates in his mind, he thinks in French. And I have no doubt that our native pupils who speak and write English best think in English, and would often be utterly unable to turn into Bengali a sentence of Locke or Hume which they understand as well as we do. I have suggested a slight alteration in pencil.—[Book L. page 202.] 12th December, 1837.

The Supreme Government request advice as to the best means of promoting instruction in Civil Engineering.—I am rather inclined to think that the best course would be to establish a school of Engineering and Surveying at Calcutta. It might be formed on a plan somewhat similar to that of the Medical College; though at a smaller expense. I should think it pernicious to connect it with the Hindu College, because the Hindu College admits only Hindus and is closed against Mahomedans, East Indians, Europeans, Parsees, and other classes. I would follow as nearly as possible the pattern of the Medical College, except that I would give no stipends. Young men now study medicine at the Medical College, while their general education is still going on at the Hindu College. The first student at the Hindu College was a favorite pupil of Dr. Baily. In the same manner, young men may attend the school of Surveying and Civil Engineering while they are still studying at the Hindu College or at the Madrassa.

I would also institute a class of students of Surveying and Civil Engineering at the Hooghly College, as the funds will afford it. This is all that now occurs to me.—[Book O. page 113.] 19th May, 1837.

Surveying.— I have every disposition to encourage Surveying, but I cannot consent to make it obligatory on every student of the higher classes at the Hindu College that he shall qualify himself to be a Surveyor, I think that the right course is to give a good general education and to make it obligatory on the students to attend to those pursuits without which they cannot be good surveyors, good physicians or good judges. But I would no more require them all to learn surveying, than I would require them all to learn physic or to learn law. The best student at the Hindu College is also a distinguished student at the Medical College. Would it be reasonable to require him to study surveying as well as medicine?

A certain knowledge of mathematics is an essential part of a liberal education. But expertness in surveying land is of little use to a person who is to be a physician or a vakeel. And the only effect of our compelling a Medical student to practice


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 "The reason, my dear Samuel, does not disquiet me," replied Kennedy; "the 'why' preoccupies me less than the fact. It is thus, and that's the great point after all."

"It is a good thing to be something of a philosopher, my dear Dick—that can do no harm at any rate."

"Let us philosophize; I wish to do so very much. We have plenty of time—we are scarcely moving."

"The wind is afraid to blow; it is asleep."

"This cannot last," said Joe. "I fancy I see some streaks of cloud in the east."

"Joe is right," said the doctor.

"Good!" cried Kennedy. "I wonder whether we shall reach that cloud, with the beautiful rain and the strong wind it can give us."

"We shall soon see, Dick."

"This is Friday, sir; and I do not like Fridays."

"Well, I hope that even to-day you will lose your distrust for them."

"I hope so, sir. Ouf!" he cried, wiping his face. "Heat is an excellent thing, particularly in winter, but in summer it need not take such a mean advantage of us."

"Are you not afraid of the effects of the sun upon your balloon?" asked Kennedy of the doctor.

"No, the gutta-percha with which the silk is coated is able to endure a much higher temperature. I have sometimes submitted it inside to a heat of 158 degrees, and the 'envelope' does not appear to have suffered."

"A cloud, a real cloud!" cried Joe at this juncture, whose sharp eyes beat all glasses.

In fact, a thick and solid band was distinctly rising slowly above the horizon; it appeared large and bloated. It was a pile of small clouds which always kept their original shapes, from which the doctor concluded that no current of air existed in their masses.

This compact heap had appeared about eight o'clock in the morning; at eleven it had reached the sun, which disappeared entirely behind this thick curtain. At this very moment the lower end of the cloud rose above the horizon, which appeared clear and bright.

"It is only a single cloud, and we must not count upon it. Look, Dick, its form is exactly the same as it was this morning."

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Rh surveying would probably be, that we should make him a very indifferent physician and a very indifferent surveyor.—[Book O. page 127.] 8th July, 1837.

Surveying.—I do not object to the proposed letter. My opinion is that if the Government will provide a good instructor or instructors, a proper apparatus and a place for meeting, a large surveying class will soon be formed. I think this a much better course than to connect the study of surveying with the existing schools. Such a general surveying class as I spoke of would include the Hindus, Mahomedans and Christians. If we form a surveying class at the Hindu College, that class will contain only Hindoos. If we form one at the Madrassa it will contain only Mahomedans. The expense of forming a really good surveying class at either of those institutions would probably be nearly as great as the expense of forming a class such as I propose, which would include students of all races and religions.—[Book O. page 131.] 21st July, 1837.

Application for a Mastership.—Mr. —————— seems indeed to be so little concerned about proselytising, that he does not even know how to spell the word, a circumstance which, if I did not suppose it to be a slip of the pen, I should think a more serious objection than the Reverend which formerly stood before his name. I am quite content with his assurances.—[Book M. page 144.] 2nd September, 1837.

School library available to the public.—I would allow strangers to take books under such regulations as may protect the interest of the school which is the first object, but I would in all such cases require a payment to be applied to the purpose of buying fresh books.—[Book O. page 186.] 8th August, 1837.

Proposed increase of the Secretary's Salary.—Mr. Sutherland states very correctly that of late his duties have increased, and no addition has been made to the salary of his office. But after considering the whole subject with a most sincere desire to do justice both to our Secretary and to the public, I cannot say that I should feel myself justified in proposing an increase. The question of course is to be considered not merely as it affects an existing incumbent, but generally. For it is much easier to keep a salary down than to cut it down when it has been increased. The real point to be determined is whether, in the existing state of the demand and supply of intellectual labour in India, 500 Rupees a month and a house, (for that I think is the present remuneration of our Secretary) be sufficient to procure good and efficient services.

It is to be remembered that the business of our Secretary by no means occupies the whole of the principal part of the time


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 "So, Samuel, there is neither rain nor wind for us, at least."

"I fear not, it keeps up very high."

"Well, Samuel, so we are going to hunt this cloud, which will not break over us?"

"I do not think that would do much good," replied the doctor; "that would expend a quantity of gas and water. But in a position such as ours, it will not do to neglect anything; we will go up higher."

The doctor developed a tremendous heat from the blow-pipe, and the balloon soon rose under the influence of the expanded hydrogen.

About 1,500 feet from the ground, they encountered a thick mass of cloud, and entered into a thick mist pervading at this height, but they did not find the least breath of wind. The fog even appeared to be deprived of moisture, and objects exposed to contact with it were scarcely wetted. The "Victoria," enveloped in this vapor, perhaps proceeded a little faster there, but that was all.

The doctor was with sadness considering the very meager result obtained from his maneuver, when he heard Joe cry out in surprised accents:

"Oh! look here!"

"What is it, Joe?"

"Oh, sir! oh, Mr. Kennedy! is not that extraordinary!"

"What have you there?"

"We are not alone here! There are intruders; they have stolen our invention from us."

"Has he gone mad?" asked Kennedy.

Joe stood as immovable as a statue.

"I think the lad is suffering from sunstroke," said the doctor, turning towards him.

"What do you say?" said he.

"Look there, sir," said Joe, indicating a certain direction.

"By St. Patrick!" cried Kennedy, in his turn, "that is scarcely creditable. Samuel, Samuel, look here!"

"I see," replied the doctor quietly; "another balloon, with other travelers like ourselves."

In fact, 200 paces distant, a balloon was floating in the air, with car and travelers complete. It was following exactly the same route as the "Victoria."


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R. D. BLACKMORE,

IN THREE VOLUMES.

LONDON: SAMPSON LOW, SON, & MARSTON, CROWN BUILDINGS, 188, FLEET STREET. 1869.


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14 to (4) posterior fourth position; right foot steps to (5) anterior third position. It is usually repeated several times. Executed in closed position of the couple.

Execution of the figure occupies two measures of music; steps done in half-time are indicated by the word "and," instead of a number. The learner will find it useful to chant the count aloud, avoiding stress on the half-count of "and."

Let it be understood that the word "and," used in counting, has the above significance in descriptions to come.

7. A figure whose execution occupies three measures. The steps of the first bar are quick, those of the second slower; the difference of speed should be emphasised.

First bar: As the left foot crosses over to "3," it will be noted that the next placement of the right foot is marked "and"; this is done because the time occupied by the little movement is only one-half beat. In practice the steps are counted, one, two, three and four. The left foot's step marked "4" is a coupé; as the foot is planted, it displaces the right foot; which takes a position extended to the rear, raised from the floor.


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Rh an industrious man is able to devote to business. Mr. Sutherland, as we all know finds it possible to unite the discharge of his duties as Secretary with other very laborious pursuits. I should imagine from what I see of the business that it would not require, on an average, two hours a day. And the business differs from the business of a public officer of a Court of law, in this very important circumstance, that it is business for which a man can chusechoose [sic] (sic) his time. Mr. Prinsep must be at Council at eleven on Wednesday. The Chief Justice must be in Court on a certain day at a certain hour. Mr. Trevelyan must attend the Board of Revenue regularly for a certain time. But the Secretary of the Education Committee can chusechoose [sic] his own day and hour for doing his work,—can, if he pleases transact it before breakfast, or keep it for the evening, clear it off day by day, or suffer it to accumulate during a few days, while he is engaged with other business and then clear it off by giving one uninterrupted morning to it.

Considering these things, and considering that the salary of our Secretary and the other advantages which he has amount very nearly to the pay of a Chaplain of the Company, I can hardly think that an increase is necessary. I am inclined to think that many qualified men both in the Civil and Military Services, would be heartily glad to obtain, such an addition to their incomes, and would find it possible to spare from their other avocations time sufficient for the proper performance of the duties.

I fully admit the value of Mr. Sutherland's services as an examiner; and I admit also that it is a description of work which requires skill and knowledge. But the salary, as now fixed, would be immoderately high, if it were paid for any but a very high description of labour. It is only because literary and scientific acquirements are required in our Secretary, that his remuneration is so large as it is. For if drafting letters of business and keeping our accounts were all that we require, we might certainly have those duties well performed for a smaller salary by a very inferior person.

If my colleagues differ from me, I shall have real pleasure in seeing myself out voted.

But, as at present advised, I shall not think myself justified in recommending any change.

I approve of what is proposed as to the establishment of new Schools.— [Book O. page 139.] 18th August, 1837.


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R. D. BLACKMORE,

IN THREE VOLUMES.

LONDON: SAMPSON LOW, SON, & MARSTON, CROWN BUILDINGS, 188, FLEET STREET. 1869.


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 "Well," said the doctor, "it only remains for us to make them a signal. Take the flag, Kennedy, and show them our colors."

It seemed that the travelers in the other balloon had conceived the same idea at the same time, for a similar flag repeated the identical signal in a hand which held it in the same position.

"What is the meaning of that?" asked the Scot.

"They are monkeys," said Joe, "and they are imiating us."

"It means," replied Ferguson, laughing, "that it is yourself who is making the signal to you, my dear Dick; that is to say, that we ourselves are in the other car, and that that balloon is really our own 'Victoria.'"

"Well, sir, with all due respect to you," said Joe, "you will never make me believe that."

"Get up on the edge of the car, Joe, and wave your arms; then then you will see if I am right."

Joe obeyed, and his gestures were exactly and instantaneously repeated.

"It is only the effect of mirage," said the doctor, "nothing more a simple optical delusion—and is due to the unequal rarefaction of the air-strata—that's all."

"It is most extraordinary," said Joe, who could not take it all in, and kept waving his arms about to convince himself on the subject.

"A curious sight, indeed!" said Kennedy. "It is pleasant too to see our brave 'Victoria.' Do you know she has quite a grand appearance, and floats in a right royal manner."

"You have explained this appearance very well in your own way," said Joe, "but it is a singular effect all the same."

But the "double" of the "Victoria" gradually disappeared, the clouds ascended to a great height above the balloon, which did not attempt to follow them, and in about an hour they disappeared.

The wind, even hitherto scarcely perceptible, appeared to drop altogether. The doctor, in despair, descended towards the ground.

The travelers, who had been aroused from their preoccupation by the appearance of the mirage, again yielded


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R. D. BLACKMORE,

IN THREE VOLUMES.

LONDON: SAMPSON LOW, SON, & MARSTON, CROWN BUILDINGS, 188, FLEET STREET. 1869.


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 to their gloomy thoughts, overcome by the tremendous heat.

Towards four o'clock Joe signaled some objects standing in relief against the sandy background, and soon he was able to announce that two palm-trees were visible at a short distance.

"Palms!" cried Ferguson; "then there is a fountain or a well there." He took up a telescope to assure himself that Joe had not made a mistake.

"At last!" he cried. "Water, water! we are saved; for although we are going very slowly, we are moving, and we must get there."

"Well, sir," said Joe, "suppose we have a drink in the meantime—the heat is stifling."

"By all means, my lad."

No one had any objections, and a pint of water was distributed. The store was now reduced to three and a half pints.

"Ah! that does one good," cried Joe. "Better than all Barclay and Perkins's brewings."

"Such are the advantages of privation," said the doctor.

"They are small, taking them altogether," said Kennedy; "and though I should never be allowed again to experience the pleasure of drinking a glass of water, I would consent to lose the pleasure as the condition of never being deprived of the substance."

At six o'clock the "Victoria" was floating about the palms. They were two miserably small, dried-up trees—two specters of trees, without foliage—more dead than alive. Ferguson contemplated them with fear in his heart.

At their base the broken stones of a well were discernible, but these stones, baked by the sun, seemed little more than dust. There was not the faintest trace of water. Ferguson's heart sank within him, and he was beginning to share the terrors of his companions, when their exclamations attracted his attention.

Stretching out of sight to the westward was extended a long line of whitened bones. Fragments of skeletons surrounded the fountain; evidently a caravan had reached thus far, marking its passage by a trail of bones! The weakest had fallen, one after the other, upon the distant sand; the stronger ones had struggled on to the desired


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 fountain, and on its brink had found a horrible death. The travelers gazed with whitened faces at these dreadful signs.

"Do not descend," said Kennedy; "let us fly this horrible sight. There is not a drop of water to be obtained."

"Not so, Dick. Let us do our best about this. We may as well pass the night here as anywhere else. We will sound these wells—a spring has existed here-perhaps there are traces of it still."

The "Victoria" was brought to the ground. Joe and Kennedy threw into the car a weight of sand equivalent to their own, and they got out. They ran towards the wells, and penetrated into the interior by means of a stairway, already crumbling to dust. The spring appeared to have been dried up for years. They dug into the dry and powdered sand—that most arid of all sands—but there was not even a trace of dampness.

The doctor saw them returning, perspiring, disheveled, and covered with fine dust; they were defeated, discouraged, and desperate. He perceived the failure of their search. He had expected such a result, and said nothing. He felt that from this day forward he must have courage and energy for all three.

Joe had brought up the remains of an old dried leather bottle, which he threw angrily amongst the bones scattered around him. During supper, not a word was spoken by the travelers; they ate without appetite. And yet they had not hitherto really suffered the torments of thirst, and they only despaired for the future.

distance accomplished by the "Victoria" during the preceding day did not exceed ten miles, and to sustain her in the air they had used 162 cubic feet of gas.

On Saturday morning the doctor gave the signal for departure.

"The blow-pipe," said he, "can only work for six hours longer. If in that time we do not reach a well or spring, God alone knows what will become of us."


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Rh The Secretary’s duties.—I shall be truly glad to join with Sir in doing any thing in my power which may serve to lighten the Secretary labours.—[Book O. page 153.] 18th August, 1837.

Masters of schools ought not to be the Secretaries of Local Committees.—I agree with Mr. Sutherland in thinking that the master ought not to be Secretary, if anybody else can be found.—[Book O. page 137.] 8th August, 1837.

Donations for prizes.—I think that it is always best, as the proverb says, not to look a gift horse in the mouth. I would let the donation be invested, and the interest expended in the manner proposed, subject always to our general rules as to the number of prizes; rules which, as they were framed not on grounds of economy, but with a view to the greater efficiency of our system of education, ought not to be infringed merely because our friends are willing to bear the expense of infringing them.—[Book P. page 36.] 4th August, 1837.

The employment of educated natives.—This is a most important question, and surrounded with difficulties on every side. I have thought much about it; and can come to no conclusion satisfactory to my own mind. I very much wish that Mr. Shakespeare, and other gentlemen practically acquainted with the working of the existing system would give their opinions first. My opinion, such as it is, is altogether founded on general reasonings, and on what I have seen in a state of society very different from that which exists in India.—[Book O. page 166.] 4th November, 1837.

The employment of educated natives.—I vote for Mr. Mangles’s proposal, as modified by Mr. Bird’s suggestion.

I should, I own, greatly dislike any plan which gave to our pupils a monopoly of public employments, or which tended to separate them from the body of their countrymen. The education which they receive necessarily has, to a considerable degree, this latter tendency; and this is a set off against the advantages of that education. We mean these youths to be conductors of knowledge to the people, and it is of no use to fill the conductors with knowledge at one end, if you separate them from the people at the other.

It is absolutely necessary that these young men, should, to a certain degree, be estranged from their countrymen by the mode in which they are brought up. It is impossible, but that this estrangement should produce the effects which Mr. Shakespeare points out, and which we all admit. We should I fear, increase the evil if on emerging from their schools they are regularly admitted into situations carefully reserved for them alone, into situations for which none of their countrymen are


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Rh suffered even to be candidates. But it does not appear to me that Mr. Mangles’s proposition modified as Mr. Bird suggests, is open to this objection. I therefore am disposed to adopt it.

As to jobbing and favouritism, I defy any human being to shew any manner in which this system can possibly tend to increase jobbing or favouritism. The objections to it are of quite a different kind. It has no tendency whatever to enable men in power to promote unfit candidates for office. The danger is that it may prevent men in power from promoting people whom they know to be deserving, but who have not the prescribed diploma. It is a check on the freedom of the dispensers of patronage, and like all such checks, tends to render favouritism more difficult. It is in this respect analogous to the rules which limit the amount of salary to be drawn by young Civil Servants, and the number of officers who may be taken from duty with a regiment, for staff employment. These rules may be good or bad, but every body knows that they render it much more difficult than it would otherwise be for a Governor to gratify his favourites.

It is true that, under the proposed system, favouritism and jobbing may still be practised,—if there should be collusion between the dispensers of patronage and the examiners. But in the first place it is in the highest degree improbable that there will be such collusion. In the next place, if there should be such collusion in every case, we still shall be only where we now are. The worst that can happen will be that unfit men will be appointed after a pretended examination. Under the present system they may be appointed without any examination at all.

When I express my assent to Mr. Mangles’s proposition, I do not mean that I agree with him in thinking that lectures on Jurisprudence and Political Economy ought to he instituted at our great schools. It may be very true that elementary knowledge is better than no knowledge. But the danger is that what may be taught may be not elementary truth, but positive error. Elementary knowledge in reading may be taught by a very ignorant person. A and B, are written and pronounced in the same way by the most learned scholar and by the most foolish old woman. It is the same with the elements of Arithmetic. A very inferior man may be able to teach addition and multiplication as well as Sir. But I do not see that there is any thing in such sciences as Political Economy and Jurisprudence which is analogous to the horn-book and the multiplication table. The greatest men who have written on those sciences are at variance about the very first principles. It is rather amusing and may be useful to observe that Mr.


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Rh Mangles selects a particular proposition as an instance of the very important truths which Political Economy will teach. Colonel Young strongly seconds the proposal for teaching Political Economy, but declares, that, as soon as the boys understand Political Economy they will perceive the fallacy of the very proposition which, as Mr. Mangles thinks, is one of the most certain truths in Political Economy. Now it is clear that we are not at all likely to have at any out-station, or indeed at Calcutta, so good a teacher of Political Economy as either of our friends, one of whom must necessarily be in the wrong on a question admitted to be of the highest moment. It is therefore to be expected that any teachers whom we may employ will often teach wrong doctrines on questions of the highest moment. Is it desirable to employ teachers for this purpose? Would Mr. Mangles himself like to have thirty gentlemen preaching Colonel Young’s doctrines to our pupils? Or does he think that our School-masters are likely to be better teachers than Colonel Young? I might ask Colonel Young the same questions about Mr. Mangles. I am for leaving these subjects alone, not because I think ignorance better than a little knowledge, but because I think ignorance better than error.—[Book O. page 198.] 30th December, 1837.

College Examinations.—I will examine. But I fear that I shall not be here long enough to see the essays, which will be sent in some time later. I should be glad to be spared till after Christmas day, as I am much employed in the mornings at present.

As to the examination at Hooghly, I should think Mr. perfectly qualified to examine, and the proposed remuneration seems reasonable.—[Book P. page 55.] 15th December, 1837.

Mr. Bird’s accession to the Committee.—Mr. Bird’s services would be valuable in any Sub-Committee. I had intended to propose him as a member of the Sub-Committee of finance. But I do not see why we might not add him to both. At present he belongs to none.—[Book L. page 190.] 23rd November, 1837.

Establishment of new schools.—Bareilly and Furruckabad would seem to be better entitled to attention than any of the other places which have applied. I would propose that schools should be established there and that the Sub-Committee for the choice of School-masters should be requested to select teachers. I think 300 Rupees each should be the maximum.


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Rh I cannot depend much on my own judgment as to what remains to be done. But I doubt whether Sabathoo be a place of sufficient importance. I have made a proposition elsewhere about Sehore. On the whole I think that RajshahaiRajshahi [sic] has as fair a claim as any district: I would propose that a school be established there, and that a master be selected by the Sub-committee. Two hundred and fifty rupees a month ought, I think, to be the maximum expense of this school.

We shall then have at least 650 Rs. left at our disposal, and I am inclined to think that we cannot employ this sum to more advantage than by founding a school at Ajmere. That is, I think, the most important place within the sphere of our operations for which nothing has yet been done.

A head master and an Assistant would be required at Ajmere. We might therefore authorize the Sub-Committee to go as far as 450 Rs. for both. It ought to be definitely understood that all contracts with us are to be in Company’s rupees.

The suggestions of the Sub-Committee seem to me to be generally deserving of adoption.—[Book K. page 32.] 26th February, 1836.

Exclusion of boys of low parentage at Bhaugulpore.—I do not understand why the number of pupils of low country parentage should be limited in the manner described in the 4th paragraph of the letter of the Local Committee. No such distinctions ought to be tolerated in any School supported by us.—[Book K. page 25.] 11th February, 1836.

Hill school at Bhagulpore.—The account may require time. But the estimate of what will be wanted for the future may surely be made at once. I should imagine that one English teacher of the lowest class that we employ and one teacher of the Vernacular language would suffice. A hundred and fifty rupees would I think be the maximum that we should ask.—[Book N. page 44.] 24th August, 1836.

Bhagulpore Hill school.—That this school is at present absolutely useless, and that we might as well throw our 300 Rs. a month into the Hooghly, seems clear.

Nothing but a thorough recasting of the whole can do any good; and I have some doubts as to our competency to make so extensive a change without a previous reference to the Government. I should recommend that we should apply to Government for authority to deal with this school in whatever manner may seem to us most likely to improve it. When we have obtained this permission, we may proceed to make now arrangements.—[Book M. page 83.] 30th December, 1836.


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came back from Oxford with the degree of B. Litt., some unpaid tailors' bills, and the conviction that the world owed him a living because he had been suffered within the sacred precincts of Balliol College for three years. A Rhodes scholarship is one of the most bounteous gifts the world holds for a young man; but in Lester's case Oxford piled upon Harvard left him with a perilous lot to unlearn. You can tell a lot about a man when you know what he is proud of; and Lester was really proud of having worn a wrist watch and a dinner jacket with blue silk lapels three or four years before they became habitual in the region of Herald Square. But let us be just: he was also proud of his first editions of Conrad and George Moore; for he was much afflicted with literature.


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 leaders to attempt to retain power by any and all means—and would suggest that there is no line a President cannot cross. The Senate should make clear to the American people that it stands ready to protect them against a President who provokes violence to subvert our democracy.


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 Lester originated in the yonder part of Indiana, but when he returned from Oxford he made up his mind to live in New York. He felt it appropriate that he should be connected in some way with the production of literature, and after hiring a bedroom on the fourth floor of an old house on Madison Avenue, where two friends of his were living, he set out to visit the publishers.

There is a third-rate club in London called the Litterateurs' Club. A few years ago it was in urgent need of funds, and a brilliant idea struck the managing committee. Every writer listed in the American "Who's Who" was circularized and received a very flattering letter saying that, owing to the distinction of his contributions to contemporary letters, the Litterateurs' Club of London would be very much pleased to welcome him as a member, upon a nominal payment of five guineas. About seven hundred guileless persons complied, and transatlantic travel became appreciably denser on account of these men of letters crossing to England to revel in their importance as members of a club of which no one in London has ever heard. And by some fluke the managing committee had got hold of the name of Lester Valiant, then at Oxford—perhaps because he had once published a story in the Cantharides Magazine. Probably they


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Rh Bhagulpore school for the Hill Tribes.—I see no reason for giving an opinion. Indeed my own opinion, if I were considering the question merely as a question of education, would be, that there were many places where schools might be more beneficially established. The Hill school is maintained on political grounds, of which we are not to judge. I would forward the application without comment.—[Book L. page 197.] 24th November, 1837.

The Master of Bhaugulpore English School resigns, because he cannot get a house.—This is exceedingly vexatious. I should be inclined to advise the building of a School-house with rooms for the master as speedily as possible. We determined to lay out 50,000 Rupees which lately came into our hands as a windfall in this way. And there can be no stronger case.—[Book N. page 95.] 24th May, 1837.

Bhaugulpore English School.—The questions raised by this minute of the Secretary are so closely connected with the statement which we may expect to receive immediately from the Sub-Committee of Finance, that it would perhaps be the most regular course to let the whole lie over, till we receive that statement. As, however, the discussion has been opened, I will give my opinion.

I must premise that we have at our disposal a monthly surplus of more than 900 Rupees.

I am very much disposed immediately to set up a school at Bhagulpore, and to desire Mr. Ridge to remain there. Mr. Brown should also be proposed to Government for the Local Committee. There are strong reasons for establishing schools by preference at stations where we can reckon on the cordial co-operation of important functionaries: and this seems to be the case at Bhagulpore.—[Book N. page 118.] 2nd August, 1837.

Delhi College.—I am as little disposed as Mr. Sutherland to expect much from the arrangements which have been made at Delhi. I have no confidence in Mr. Taylor’s co-operation, and should be glad to be rid of him altogether. But this is impossible. If he is to remain in our employment, and if his son is to be head master, I think that what has been proposed, and what I understood to be resolved upon, is as good an arrangement as we can make. At all events I think that Mr. Ridge will, at the present moment, be more useful at Bhagulpore than any where else; and Mr. Pereira can remain for the present at.

I am decidedly favorable to the proposition for establishing a school at. The arrangements about the master properly belong to the Sub-Committee for School-masters.


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Rh I am less eager about, though I cannot agree with Mr. Sutherland that we ought to do nothing at a place, because we find that the friends of education are already doing something there from their private means. As Mr. Dent says that Mr. Macleod the master, who appears from his letter to be a person of respectable qualifications, is well known to some members of our Committee, I should be glad to learn what they think of him.

I defer making any proposition about the disposal of the rest of our surplus, till the financial statement comes before us, which I hope will be very soon.—[Book N. page 118.] 2nd August, 1837.

Payment of the alleged arrears of the personal allowance of the Saugur School Pandit.—I cannot quite agree with Mr. Trevelyan. Whether the personal allowance made to Kessen Rao was too great or not, was a question to be considered when it was determined. To give it him, to omit paying it, and then to tell him that we do not mean to pay arrears because the sum is so large, seems to me a very slovenly and not a very fair mode of proceeding. If his allowance is to be reduced, let it be reduced prospectively, not, as Mr. Trevelyan proposes, retrospectively. The arrears are a debt and cannot be withheld. What is to come may perhaps be under our control.

I agree with Mr. Trevelyan’s other propositions.—[Book K. page 22.] 30th January, 1836.

Saugur School.—If the Saugur fund will not pay the whole of Guru Churn Mitra’s salary, the deficiency must be made up out of our general fund. Any thing is better than to keep him at Benares doing nothing. If the Saugur Fund can afford him only 75 Rs. we shall have 50 Rs. a month to pay. And this is both a cheaper and better arrangement than to give him, as we now do, 100 Rs. a month without any equivalent.—[Book K. page 48.] 8th March, 1836.

Saugur School.—I do not very much like either Mr. Shore’s plan or Mr. Sutherland’s. If we are to lay out upwards of 400 Rupees a month at Saugur, I should think that our best course would be to send thither a master competent to give a really good English education, and to allow him 250 Rupees a month. This is the course which we have followed at Patna, Dacca, and other places: nor do I see why Saugur should be placed under a different system. We shall expend on that district a sum as large as would support one of our best Schools; and


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 bought a mailing list from some firm in Tottenham Court Road.

Cecil Rhodes's executors paid his five guineas, and he had his cards engraved:

The use of these pasteboards brought him ready entrée in the offices of New York publishers. If he had not been so eager to impress the gentlemen he interviewed with his literary connoisseurship, undoubtedly he would have landed a job much sooner. But publishers are justly suspicious of anything that savours of literature, and Lester's innocent allusions to George Moore and Chelsea did much to alarm them. At length, however, Mr. Arundel, the president of the Arundel Company, took pity on the young man and gave him a desk in his editorial department and fifteen dollars a week. Mr. Arundel had once walked through the quadrangle of Balliol, and he was not disposed


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 to be too severe toward Lester's naïve mannerisms.

To his amazement and dismay, Lester found his occupation not even faintly flavoured with literature. He was set to work writing press notes about authors of whom he had never heard at Oxford and whose books he soon discovered to be amateurish or worse. He had been nourishing himself upon the English conception of a publisher's office: a quaint, dingy rookery somewhere in Clifford's Inn, where gentlemen in spats and monocles discuss, over cups of tea and platters of anchovy toast, realism and the latest freak of the Spasmodists. The Arundel office was a wilderness of light walnut desks and filing cases, throbbing with typewriters, adding machines, and hoarse cries from the shipping room at the rear. Here sat Lester, gloomily writing blurbs for literary editors, and wondering how long it would be before he would earn forty dollars a week. He reckoned that was what one ought to get before incurring matrimony.

Like all young men of twenty-three, Lester thought a good deal about marriage, although he had not yet chosen his quarry. The feeling that he could marry almost anybody was delicious to him. But this heavenly eclecticism endures such


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“ in Europe,” says Oscar Browning, “has passed through three phases, which may conveniently be called humanism, realism, and naturalism. The first is grounded upon the study of language, and especially of the two dead languages, Greek and Latin. The second is based upon the study of things instead of words, the education of the mind through the eye and the hand. Closely connected with this is the study of those things which may be of direct influence upon and direct importance to life. The third is not in the first instance study at all. It is an attempt

Rh


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 a short time! For youth abhors generalities and seeks the concrete instance. Also, much reading of George Moore sets the mind brooding on these things. Lester used to stroll in Madison Square at dusk before going back to his room, and his visions were often of a dark-panelled apartment in the Gramercy Park neighbourhood where an open fire would be burning and someone sitting in silk stockings to endear him as he returned from the office.

His arrival caused something of an upheaval in the placid breasts of the two old college friends whose sitting room he shared on Madison Avenue. They were sturdy and steady creatures, more familiar with Edward Earle Purinton and Orison Swett Marden than with Swinburne and Crackanthorpe and Mallarmé. To his secret annoyance, Lester learned that both Jack Hulbert and Harry Hanover were earning more than thirty dollars a week, and he even had an uneasy suspicion that they were saving some of it. When he spoke about Beardsley or Will Rothenstein or the Grafton Galleries they were apt to turn the talk upon Ty Cobb and Tris Speaker. When he showed them his greatest treasure, a plaster life mask of himself that a sculpturing friend in Chelsea had made, they were frankly ribald. Jack was in the cir-


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 culation department of a popular magazine, and Harry performed some unexplained tasks in the office of a tea importer. Lester was fond of them both, but it seemed to him a bitter travesty that these simple-minded Philistines should possess so much higher earning power than he. So he thought of taking a garret in Greenwich Village, but in the Madison Avenue house he was sharing a big sitting room at little expense. So he spread his books about, hung up his framed letter from Przybyszewski, put his hammered brass tea caddy on the reading table, and made the best of the situation.

Even on fifteen dollars a week a young man may have a very amusing time in New York. For his room and breakfast Lester paid six dollars a week; for his other meals he used to hunt out the little table-d'hôte restaurants of which there are so many in the crosstown streets between the Avenue and Broadway. To come in from the snowy street on a winter evening, sit down to a tureen of Moretti's hot minestrone, open a new packet of ten-cent cigarettes, and prop up a copy of the Oblique Review against the cruet stand, seemed to Lester the prismatic fringe of all that was je ne sais quoi and ne plus ultra. The dandruffians in the little orchestra under the stairs would hammer out some


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Page:พรบ ให้ใช้ ธศย ๒๕๔๓.pdf/6

 The Vice Presidents of the Supreme Court of Justice, the Vice Presidents of the Court of Appeal, the Vice Presidents of the Regional Courts of Appeal, or the deputy chief judges of the courts of first instance shall also have the power under (2) and shall have the duty to assist the President of the Supreme Court of Justice, the President of the Court of Appeal, the Presidents of the Regional Courts of Appeal, or the chief judges of the courts of first instance, as the case may be, as authorised by the President of the Supreme Court of Justice, the President of the Court of Appeal, the Presidents of the Regional Courts of Appeal, or the chief judges of the courts of first instance.

The presiding judges of the divisions or the presiding judges of the agencies called otherwise in accordance with section 10, paragraph 1, must be responsible for the work of their divisions or agencies called otherwise in order that it proceed in an orderly manner according to those which are designated the announcements of the Courts of Justice Judicial Administration Commission constituting those divisions or agencies called otherwise, and must observe the orders of the President of the Supreme Court, the President of the Court of Appeal, the President of the Regional Court of Appeal, the chief judge of the court of first instance, or the presiding judge of the court.

There shall be one regional chief judge for each of the nine regions, of which the locations and jurisdiction shall be designated by the Courts of Justice Judicial Administration Commission by means of publication in the Royal Gazette.

When a position of regional chief judge becomes vacant or when a regional chief judge becomes unable to serve, the President of the Supreme Court of Justice shall order a particular judge to act instead.

No senior judge or junior judge shall act in any position under paragraph 1.

A regional chief judge shall also be a judge of the courts under his jurisdiction, having the powers and duties as designated in section 11, paragraph 1, in addition to the following powers and duties:

to order the chiefs of the court of justice offices to report about cases or other affairs of the courts under his jurisdiction;

in the event of necessity, he may order any judge of a court under his jurisdiction to go assist in the work of another court for a temporary period of not exceeding three months with the consent of that judge, and shall promptly report this to the President of the Supreme Court of Justice.

No court of justice shall accept for trial and adjudication a case which another court of justice has duly accepted, save where such case is transferred to it in accordance with the provisions of a procedural law or with the Charter of the Courts of Justice.

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 to build up the whole nature of man,—to educate first his body, then his character, and lastly his mind.”

The sixteenth century was wedded to the humanistic ideal of education. Without regard for the diversity of avocations, classical culture was held to be the safest and best training for the manifold duties of life. Aristotle’s Politics was considered the wisest utterance on the direction of affairs of state; Cæsar’s Commentaries the safest guides to military eminence; the practical Stoicism of the Latin authors the most infallible basis for ethics and the regulation of conduct; and as for agriculture, had not Virgil written a treatise on that subject? It was clear in the minds of the sixteenth-century humanists that classical culture furnished the best preparation, alike for theologians and artisans.

To accomplish this purpose, as soon as the child was considered sufficiently matured for linguistic discipline, and this varied from the sixth to the ninth years, he was initiated into the mysteries of Latin eloquence. His preliminary training consisted in a verbal study of the Latin grammar for purposes of precision in speech and successful imitation; but, as the grammar was printed in Latin, with its hundreds of incomprehensible rules and exceptions, all of which had to be “learned by heart,” the way of the young learner was, indeed, a thorny one. True, the classical authors were later read, but chiefly for the purpose of gleaning from them choice phrases to be used in the construction of Latin sentences, or for purposes of disputations in dialectics. Logic and history were given most subordinate places in the course of study, the former merely that it might give greater precision


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Rh one meets this ore all over the country. It is frequently rich enough to show a metallic fracture and bears a close resemblance to the ironstones described by Horsfield es appearing in such profusion in the tin-mining districts of Banka. I have never observed this ore, however, in Sarawak in the extensive veins and reticulations mentioned by him; but, if one may be allowed to form and opinion from the written descriptions only of Horsfield and Logan, these iron ores belong to the same class as the Ironstone of the former writer, and the Lateritic iron-ores of Logan's writings on the Malay Peninsula.

.—The first of these minerals has been detected in very unimportant traces in Upper Sarawak on the Dutch border; the two latter, though often reported, have not been discovered even in traces. Galena is said to have been obtained in the vicinity of Bidi, but I am not in a position to vouch for the accuracy of the report. Copper occurs in minute quantities in the form of green and blue carbonate in connection with the antimony lodges at Busan, but there is no evidence at present to lead us to suppose that any workable deposit of Copper ores will be discovered in Sarawak. As the Tin, on the contrary, there is reasonable ground for expecting that it will be found to exist; having regard to the close similarity in geological constitutions between certain parts of the Territory, and the richly-stanniferous localities of Banka and Malacca.

has long been known as the staple mineral export of Sarawak. It ores are distributed over the whole of the Territory as well as being found beyond the frontiers in Brunei and in Dutch Borneo; but they have not been ascertained to be in workable quantity in any part of the island except in the district of Upper Sarawak (Proper), where, however, all the more accessible deposits are exhausted.

The most productive localities worked have been the Busan veins, the Jambusan, Busan, and Piat surface ore and the Bidi lodes and surface ore. At all these places, with perhaps the exception of Bidi, the out-put has either ceased altogether, or has greatly decreased during the past three years, but a great deal of inferior ore is still turned out. Bearing in mind the history of the mining operations as Jambusan, a new find may yet be heard of even in the bandoned working—so easy is it in a country densely covered with jungle, like Borneo, to go on working for months and years within a few yards of a valuable deposit which is revealed at length by mere accident. In addition to the above-mentioned localities, antimony has been marked