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 "The intercession of Baron T in my behalf, had so much weight with the governor, that he suffered me to escape without punishment, and sent me on the recruiting business, in order to get rid of me without provoking my anger: O that he had rather loaded me with his resentment, than with his bounty, and punished me as I deserved; perhaps it would have opened my eyes and brought me back to the path of honesty00."

"My ruin was now completed: I began my recruiting business with great alacrity and cheerfulness, and found but too many opportunities of exerting my plotting skill, which I did with so much success, that my comrades were astonished, and my superiors so highly pleased with my zeal, that they put the greatest confidence in me, and intrusted me with sums which enabled me to abandon myself to all manner of dissipation; the few remaining sparks of honesty and virtue were extinguish-


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 ed by degrees, and I was hurrying with rapid steps into the abyss of destruction."

"My dissipations tempted me to defraud my superiors, and soon intricated me in a maze of embarrassment, where I found myself entirely bewildered. I got acquainted and intimately connected with the most dangerous sort of people, with robbers and their infernal associates: Allured by my cunning and artful tricks, they did every thing in their power to gain my confidence, and to win me over to their party, which, alas! laid the foundation to my ruin: I became a spy, a traitor, and, at last, their accomplice in the perpetration of the most shocking crimes."

"My recruiting business was neglected, and my superiors were going to call me back: Being not able to give an account of large sums that had been intrusted to me, I could not appear before my commanding officer, and no other means were left me to escape

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I. Yugoslavia

It was evident that neither the Pavelitch government nor the Italian forces in Croatia could cope with the widespread activities of the Partisans. Accordingly, it devolved upon General Lueters, Commander of German Troops in Croatia, to take appropriate measures.

General Lueter's first large-scale action was Operation WEISS. This was to be executed in conjunction with Italian forces, with the mission of annihilating strong Partisan units in the mountainous region west and northwest of Sarajevo. The operation was to be completed in three phases, with Italian troops holding zone two on the Italian side of the demarcation line and allowing the Germans to move into zone three, evacuated some time previously and heavily infiltrated by the guerrillas.

The German force committed to WEISS included the 7th SS Mountain and 717th Infantry Divisions, the recently arrived 369th Infantry Division, and a regiment of the 187th Infantry Division. The Italian force was the V Corps of the Italian Second Army. In sharp fighting in the first phase of WEISS, the Germans and their allies inflicted more than 8,500 casualties on the Partisans, taking 2,010 prisoners. The German losses totalled 335 dead and 101 missing, with Croatian losses in proportion; Italian casualties were markedly lighter, since the Italian units lacked aggressiveness and the proper balance in heavy weapons to engage in sustained fire fights. WEISS I was concluded on 18 February, and the divisions immediately regrouped for the second phase, to be completed by mid-March.

Heavy fighting marked the opening of WEISS II. Additional troops of the VI Corps in Montenegro arrived to bolster the Italian force, but substantial numbers of Partisans managed to break through the Italian line and escape south and southeast into the wilder mountain regions of Hercegovina, Montenegro, and eastern Bosnia. Dispersing into almost inaccessible areas, the Partisan command group and numerous individuals managed to elude their pursuers. WEISS III, the Italian part of the operation, was completely unsuccessful.

WEISS was satisfactory from the German point of view in that the important bauxite-producing area of Yugoslavia was cleared of Partisans and heavy casualties were inflicted among them in the proc- 36


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 the impending storm, but to disappear entirely, which I effected in such a manner, that every one firmly believed I was no more."

"I conducted ten robbers, disguised as recruits, through a large town, where many of my profession resided, and, as soon as we had reached the adjacent wood, they took to their heels: I ran to the next village, raving like a madman, related my misfortune, wept, cried, and then returned to the wood, dissembling to be in the greatest despair."

"The robbers, who were waiting for me, made me pull off my uniform, dressed a dead man in it, who, perhaps, had been murdered for that purpose, put a pistol in his hand, and disfigured him by blowing his brains out."

"Now I was no longer Volkert the serjeant; I was Volkert the robber and murderer; I painted my face, feigned to be


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GERMAN ANTIGUERRILLA OPERATIONS IN THE BALKANS (1941–1944) ess. Moreover, the guerrillas were driven into barren and sparsely populated mountain areas offering little sustenance and few recruits to replace the battle losses.

The Chetniks became a matter of sharp contention between German and Italian commanders during the course of Operation WEISS. In fact, the Italians had been requested to disarm their Chetnik auxiliaries as part of WEISS III. However, regarded as allies by the Italians, many Chetnik units were supplied with arms and ammunition and given important missions in the conduct of operations.

Since repeated requests to disarm these Chetniks were met with evasion, local German commanders were instructed to disarm and detain as prisoners any Chetniks encountered in their areas of responsibility. Strong German protests to Mussolini finally had the desired effect, and the Italian field commanders were directed to cease delivery of arms and munitions to the Chetniks and to disarm them as soon as the Partisans had been destroyed.

To forestall any repetition of the events that made necessary such a large-scale undertaking as Operation WEISS, the German Armed Forces High Command directed the Commander-in-Chief, Southeast, to retain forces in that part of Croatia just cleared of the Partisans and to secure the bauxite mines in Dalmatia, in conjunction with the Italians. The commander of German forces in the Balkans was further directed to accelerate the organization of Croatian units and to keep the matter a secret from the Italians. Presumably, these measures would provide a large number of native troops to replace German units.

However, it soon became obvious that the situation would not be improved by such measures as the expansion of the demoralized Croat police and military forces. Large concentrations of Chetniks, including those supported by the Italians, formed a constant threat to German forces in the event of an Allied landing, and the Commander-in-Chief, Southeast, directed that Operation SCHWARZ, under the Commander of Troops in Croatia, be undertaken in May and June to destroy the Chetniks in Hercegovina and Montenegro.

In addition to the divisions he already had assigned to him, the Commander in Croatia received the 1st Mountain Division from the Russian front and a reinforced regimental combat team of the 104th Light Division from the German forces in Serbia for the projected operation. Achieving surprise, the German forces inflicted heavy casualties on the Chetniks, capturing their commander in Montenegro, Major Djurisic, with 4,000 men, and forcing Mihailovitch to flee back into Serbia with the battered remnants of his command.


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 twenty years older than I really was, and thus escaped being known by my former acquaintances; I soon became famous under the name of Father Francis, bought houses in several towns, and every body took me for what I appeared to be, an old harmless man. Yet I was known at length by one of my former messmates, when in the Hn service, who was recruiting in the empire, and forced me to assist him in his business."

"The cunning rogue had not forgotten my skill in executing deceitful plots, and his expectation, that I should be of great service to him by my artifices, did not deceive him. I never spread my nets in vain when I wanted to catch a well made young fellow, and we had enlisted within a short time a great number of recruits. How easy I could remove every obstacle I will prove by a single instance, which will give you a true notion of my intricated artifices."


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38 There were also disorders in Serbia during this period. For the first three months of the year, 985 incidents were reported, including sabotage, attacks on native officials and police, and attacks on small German and Bulgarian troop units and installations. In a particularly unenviable position were the local officials, forced to remain in office by the Germans and regarded as collaborators by both Chetniks and Partisans. Fifty-eight were murdered during the first quarter of 1943, and 197 town halls were burned or damaged. In reprisal, in addition to burning some villages and levying fines in livestock, the occupation authorities ordered the shooting of several hundred hostages from among those arrested on suspicion of being members or supporters of the Chetnik and Partisan movements. These ruthless measures had the desired effect for a time, but could not prevent the regrouping of both Chetniks and Partisans as soon as the thinly spread German or Bulgarian forces had left a particular area.

Retaliation for attacks on the Bulgarian forces was even swifter, in many cases, than the reprisals meted out by the Germans. In one such incident, in March of 1943, 32 Bulgarians were killed and 26 wounded in an attack south of Skoplje. In their fury, the Bulgarian troops shot 288 persons in the vicinity, burned 550 houses, and placed 715 person under arrest. The readiness of the Bulgarians to shoot suspects without investigation of any kind finally prompted the German Commander in Serbia to request a careful preliminary examination of each case before an execution was carried out.

'''II. Greece'''

Receiving supplies and equipment by air through the 12 British liaison officers assigned by the British Middle East forces, the EDES organization had expanded from the 98 men with which it had commenced operations in 1942 to some 600 men two months later. This growth was accelerated by British broadcasts to Greece and the award of a high British decorataion to the EDES commander. The rapid growth of the force soon made it necessary to form a provisional battalion.

By March 1943, some 4,000 strong, EDES found it necessary to form more battalions and several regiments, some of which were commanded by former Greek Army officers. By July 1943, EDES had 8 to 10 units of two regiments each, the regiments each consisting of 2 battalions, and a total strength of 7,000 men. The headquarters and bulk of these forces were located in Epirus, and smaller groups operated in Thessaly and the Peloponnesus.

ELAS, leaderless until Sarafis assumed command in May 1943, was restricted to that time to a series of uncoordinated attacks. Under its new commander, however, ELAS soon emerged as an organized force.


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 GERMAN ANTIGUERRILLA OPERATIONS IN THE BALKANS (1941–1944) With an estimated seven "divisions" and 12,000 men by mid-1943, ELAS units were active the length of Greece, with the exception of the Pindus Mountains area, held by EDES.

The initial successes of the guerrillas against the occupation forces in 1943 were brought to an abrupt end when the German 1st Mountain Division moved from Serbia into Greece and Albania in June to bolster the Italian effort. The guerrillas, with ample warning by their excellent intelligence system, planned a heavy blow against the new enemy before he could establish himself in his occupation role.

The guerrilla operation was to be launched as the mountain troops moved south through the village of Leskovic, high in the mountains along the Greek-Albanian frontier, on the Albanian side. (Map 4.) At that time, however, the border was crossed at will by local inhabitants, and the operation was primarily a Greek undertaking.

As was their custom, the guerrillas cleared the village of all inhabitants, then placed their own men in position in the buildings along the main street. Their plan was to allow the advance guard to pass, and then to fire on the main body when the troops were confined to the street and roadway. A large force of guerrillas would then emerge from hiding places in the hills nearby to complete the destruction of the demoralized Germans.

Instead of marching blindly into the village, however, the Germans first enveloped it from either flank, and a number of the guerrillas opened fire prematurely. Deploying rapidly, the main body of the mountain troops surrounded Leskovic and shelled it thoroughly before launching their assault. The guerrilla force in hiding outside the village was routed by artillery fire when it attempted to relieve the ambushers, and Leskovic was reduced in a house-to-house operation. The stone construction of the houses afforded considerable protection to the besieged guerrillas, who inflicted heavy casualties on the mountain troops before the latter could bring a sufficient number of infantry and antitank guns into action to batter down their positions.

A number of the irregulars escaped by posing as fleeing civilians while the battle was at its height. When the Germans recognized their opponents at close range, however, they halted everyone attempting to leave the village, and soon held a motley collection of ragged men and youths. Examinations of these prisoners and of the bodies found in the rubble of Leskovic revealed most of the guerrillas to have been in civilian clothing or parts of German and Italian uniforms, with their only insignia a small hammer and sickle. The aggressive attitude of the new occupation troops, with their heavier firepower and greater battle experience, soon discouraged such ventures as the attack at Leskovic, and for a time EDES also ceased all active operations against them. However, in deference to the British Middle East


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 40 forces, Zervas could not openly accept the German offer of a truce. ELAS, on the other hand, persisted with small-scale attacks on individuals and small parties.

'''III. The German Situation by Mid-1943'''

With both Yugoslav and Greek guerrillas withdrawn from large-scale operations for the moment, the Germans hastened to take steps to secure the Balkans against a threatening Italian collapse or surrender. Arrangements were made to replace Italian garrisons with German troops, and German forces were disposed in locations from which they could move quickly to contest Allied landings. As directed by the new chief of the Supreme General Staff, Generale D'Armata (General) Vittorio Ambrosio, Italian units were to withdraw without delay, ostensibly for the defense of Italy against a threatening Anglo-American invasion. In many cases, Italian units left their assigned areas before the arrival of their German relief, and the Germans had to drive out infiltrating guerrillas before occupying their new positions.

Various expedients were attempted by the Germans in an effort to fill the power vacuum the Italian withdrawal was causing. One such measure was the westward extension of the Bulgarian occupation zones in Greece and Yugoslavia. However, the certain resentment of the population and the refusal of King Boris to move Bulgarian troops farther away from the Turkish-Bulgarian border made necessary the cancellation of these plans. Deeply concerned about the possibility of Turkey's entering the war on the Allied side, the Bulgarians kept idle major forces of first-line troops while sending second-rate divisions of older reservists to garrison their zones of Greece and Yugoslavia.

Nor was the reorganization of the Croat Army and security forces of any avail. Except for the Legion troops under German command, the Croatian military and security forces were confined to the larger centers of population. Desertions became more frequent, and even Legion troops could no longer be depended upon for missions not including a hard core of German units.

It was obvious that more German troops would be required if the Balkans were to be held. Temporarily, it would suffice to have satellite and puppet military and security forces hold the interior while German units moved to the coastal areas and likely invasion points. However, it would eventually be necessary to have reliable and combat-experienced troops to replace the puppet units or to furnish a cadre to stiffen them in operations. Accordingly, plans were made to strengthen the German forces by the induction of more ethnic Germans, by organizing several new divisions, and by bringing in a number of divisions and higher commands from other fronts and from German-occupied Europe.


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104c. 43

Dentists Act 1957 (5 & 6 Eliz. 2 c.28) 19. In section 34(3) of the Dentists Act 1957 for “section one hundred and four of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1952” substitute “section 127(1) of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”. Affiliation Proceedings Act 1957 (5 & 6 Eliz. 2 c. 55) 20. In section 5(5) of the Affiliation Proceedings Act 1957 for “section fifty-two of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1952” substitute “section 59 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”. 21. In section 6A of the Affiliation Proceedings Act 1957—
 * (a) in subsection (1) for “section 53 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1952” substitute “section 60 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”;
 * (b) in subsection (2) for “the said section 53” substitute “the said section 60”;
 * (c) in subsection (5) for “section 63 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1952” substitute “section 75 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”.

Housing Act 1957 (5 & 6 Eliz. 2 c. 56) 22. In section 191(5) of the Housing Act 1957 for “subsection (3) of section one hundred and twenty-two of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1952” substitute “subsection (3) of section 145 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”. Maintenance Orders Act 1958 (6 & 7 Eliz. 2 c. 39) 23. In section 18 of the Maintenance Orders Act 1958—
 * (a) in subsection (1) for “subsection (2) of section sixty-five of the Magistrates’ Courts” substitute “subsection (2) of section 77 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”;
 * (b) in subsection (6) for “section sixty-seven of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1952” substitute “section 79 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”.

24. In section 21(1) of the Maintenance Orders Act 1958 for “the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1952” substitute “the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980” and for “subsection (2) of section one hundred and twenty-four thereof” substitute “subsection (2) of section 148 thereof”. Adoption Act 1958 (7 Eliz. 2 c. 5) 25. In section 9(2) and (4) of the Adoption Act 1958 for “section fifteen of the Justices of the Peace Act 1949” substitute “section 144 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”.

26. In section 48 of the Adoption Act 1958 for “the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1952” substitute “the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”.


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 "A well made, young, and amiable Livonian, lodged with me, at the same Inn, at T, and my associate took such a liking to him, that he offered to acquit me of all farther services, if could ensnare this young man"

"I promised to do my utmost, and went instantly to work, ordering some of the gang I was connected with, and who then resided at T on account of the great fair, to purloin his ring, snuff-box, purse, and watch, returning him the latter in a public place, telling him that I had detected the thief."

"This done, I left him suddenly, without giving him time to make farther inquiries, my sole view being to excite his curiosity, and to gain his confidence, in which I succeeded admirably well."

"The Livonian became very anxious to get acquainted with me, watched my return to the Inn several nights, and attempted to


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 converse with me; in short, he was very impatient to draw from me an information of the means by which I had detected the thief, but I always shunned him, and baffled his endeavours a great while, until, at last, I found it necessary to pay him a visit, in order to console him about the loss of a bill of exchange, which my myrmidons had got in their power, along with his pocket-book."

"This bill having contained all the little wealth he had got about him, he was under the necessity of either remaining some time longer at T, or of selling his linen and every thing of value, and thus return to his own country, in a most distressing condition: I gave him two notes, each of a hundred dollars, the binding money from the recruiting officer."

"My unexpected visit and my seeming generosity, put him into the greatest asto-


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 GERMAN ANTIGUERRILLA OPERATIONS IN THE BALKANS (1941–1944) By late June the 1st Panzer Division had arrived from France, where it had refitted after commitment on the northern and central Russian fronts. The newly formed LXVIII Corps headquarters, in army group reserve, was assigned the 1st Panzer and 117th Light Divisions, and given the mission of defending the Peloponnesus. Two other divisions were in the process of formation, the 100th Light Division in Croatia and the 297th Infantry Division in Serbia. Additional Bulgarian troops also arrived, to bring the number of Bulgarian divisions in the occupied Balkans to seven.

As of the end of June, the Germans had a total of three Bulgarian, one Italian, and 12 of their own divisions scattered throughout those areas of the Balkans under nominal German control. Several separate regiments and security battalions, the Russian Guard Corps, and a number of coastal defense battalions and supporting units were also available, though most were of limited combat potential. The Germans planned to commit their Croatian and Serbian puppet and security troops only in an auxiliary role.

The population of the areas held by the Germans, their weakening Italian allies, the Bulgarians, and the Pavelitch government totalled almost twenty-five million persons. In Greece, the occupiers were opposed by ELAS and EDES forces estimated at 18,000 to 20,000 men; in Yugoslavia by 50,000 to 60,000 Partisans, and 12,000 to 15,000 Chetniks (mobile units only); in Albania, by a total estimated to be as many as 20,000, with the strongest group that of the Communist leader, Enver Hoxha.

Many excesses of the occupation troops, particularly of the Croat Ustascha, had alienated large segments of the population. This changing attitude was promptly exploited by the guerrilla leaders, particularly the communists, who adopted a nationalist and popular front appeal to gain sympathy and support. Many former collaborationists were forgiven and accepted into the guerrilla bands, their ranks further swelled by Italian and Bulgarian deserters.

Eventual Allied victory had also become more obvious to the mass of the Balkan population by mid-1943, and few desired to be associated with a losing cause and reprisals. The judicious use of gold by the Allied liaison teams had brought a number of independent mountaineer chieftains into the guerrilla camp, and the promise of weapons secured the loyalty of many clans in the more remote regions.

The successful Allied lodgment in Sicily on 10 July and the worsening internal situation in the Balkans again raised the specter of enemy landings along the Adriatic, on the Aegean islands, or against the western coast of Greece. Accordingly, the German Armed Forces High Command, on 26 July, issued Directive No. 48, introducing


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Rh

Manoeuvres Act 1958 (7 & 8 Eliz. 2 c. 7) 27. In section 9 of the Manoeuvres Act 1958 for “the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1952” substitute “the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”. County Courts Act 1959 (7 & 8 Eliz. 2 c. 22) 28. In section 179(b) of the County Courts Act 1959 for “the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1952” substitute “the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980 (disregarding section 81(1) of that Act)”. Highways Act 1959 (7 & 8 Eliz.2 c. 25) 29. In section 295(1) of the Highways Act 1959, in the definition of “petty sessions area”, for “the Magistrates’ Courts 1952” substitute “the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”. Street Offences Act 1959 (7 & 8 Eliz.2 c. 57) 30. In section 2(2) of the Street Offences Act 1959 for “section fifteen of the Justices of the Peace Act 1949” substitute “section 144 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980” and for “sections forty-seven to forty-nine of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1952” substitute “sections 55 to 57 of that Act”. Mental Health Act 1959 (7 & 8 Eliz. 2 c. 72) 31. In section 67(4) of the Mental Health Act 1959 for “section twenty-nine of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1952” substitute “section 38 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”.

32. In section 72(6)(b) of the Mental Health Act 1959 for “subsection (3) of section ninety-one of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1952” substitute “subsection (3) of section 115 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”.

33. In section 73(2)(b) of the Mental Health Act 1959 for “section twenty-eight or section twenty-nine of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1952” substitute “section 37 or section 38 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”.

34. In section 77(3) of the Mental Health Act 1959 for “section one hundred and five of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1952” substitute “section 128 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”. Road Traffic Act 1960 (8 & 9 Eliz. 2 c. 16) 35. In section 257(1) of the Road Traffic Act 1960, in the definitions of “magistrates’ court” and “petty sessions area”, for “the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1952” substitute “the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”. Administration of Justice Act 1960 (8 & 9 Eliz.2 c. 65) 36. In section 13(5) of the Administration of Justice Act 1960, in paragraph (c) for “subsection (3) of section fifty-four of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1952” substitute “subsection (3) of section 63 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”, and in the words following paragraph (c) for “the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1952” substitute “the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”. E3


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 42 major organizational changes and centralizing authority for the defense of the entire Balkan Peninsula. Generalfeldmarschall (Field Marshal) Maximilian von Weichs, formerly commander of Army Group B in southern Russia, became Commander-in-Chief, Southeast, replacing General Loehr, whose Army Group E was now restricted to Greece and the Greek islands. Marshal von Weichs, with headquarters at Belgrade, also directly commanded Army Group F, controlling all occupational troops in Yugoslavia and Albania.

One issue with the Italians was settled, at least temporarily, by the inclusion of the Italian Eleventh Army under the German theater command. In turn, the German LXVIII Corps, replacing the Italian VIII Corps on the Peloponnesus, came under control of Eleventh Army. Also, German forces in areas occupied by the Italians were placed under Italian command for tactical purposes.

Like similar directives issued earlier, the primary mission assigned the new Commander-in-Chief, Southeast, was to prepare the coastal defense of the Greek islands and mainland. To secure his rear area while so engaged and to prevent the disruption of his supply line and the movement of reinforcements in the event of Allied landings, he was further directed to destroy the guerrilla forces operating the length of the peninsula.

A mobile task force of 2 armored, 2 mountain, and 2 light infantry divisions was to be concentrated along the rail line south of Belgrade. In addition to securing the most sensitive section of the Belgrade–Athens line, this centrally located force would be available for commitment against any major beachhead the Allies might succeed in effecting.

The Bulgarian 7th Infantry Division in Thrace was attached to the German command at Salonika, and the Bulgarian corps would come under German control in the event of an Allied landing. All German civilian and government agencies, with the exception of the two chief representatives of the Foreign Office, also became subordinate to the Commander-in-Chief, Southeast.

Measures to effect a more thorough reorganization of the German forces in Greece and Yugoslavia and to complete the transposition of some headquarters from administrative (territorial) to tactical status followed Directive 48. The headquarters of the XXII Mountain Corps was formed from a part of the personnel from the headquarters of the Military Commander, Southern Greece; the functions of this area commander were absorbed by the new Military Commander, Greece, whose headquarters was formed from the remaining personnel. The headquarters in Serbia was disbanded, the personnel being used to form the headquarters of the XXI Mountain Corps, assigned to Albania, and the Military Command, Southeast. A third corps head-


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 GERMAN ANTIGUERRILLA OPERATIONS IN THE BALKANS (1941–1944) quarters, the XV Mountain, was formed from personnel of the headquarters of the Commander of German Troops in Croatia; General Lueters assumed command of the new corps with many of his old staff.

Other corps headquarters formed at the time or moved into the area included the III SS Corps, V SS Mountain Corps, and the LI and LXIX Corps. One higher headquarters, that of Second Panzer Army, arrived from the Soviet Union and established its headquarters at Kragujevac, its mission to control the large mobile force to be formed in this central Balkan area south of Belgrade and to act as a mobile reserve to counter any Allied landings in force.

A number of small-scale operations were carried out against both Partisans and Chetniks throughout Yugoslavia during this period. In contrast to large-scale operations, these had the advantage of making easier the security of preparations and the achieving of surprise, and succeeded in keeping the irregulars constantly on the move. However, they had the disadvantage of allowing individual Partisans and Chetniks to slip through repeated encirclements and escape into areas recently combed by other units or where the occupation troops were not so active at the moment.

With the Italian ally about to join the enemy, the Commander-in-Chief, Southeast, was faced with the problem of holding extensive and rebellious areas with inadequate forces, while securing a long and exposed sea flank against an enemy having overwhelming naval and air superiority. Taking advantage of the situation, Partisan units became active in the Sarajevo area; in Albania, troops of the 100th Light Division had to be committed against guerrillas who had seized control of the Tirana airfield and were effectively blocking the landing of much-needed German reinforcements by air.


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 nishment, and I left him again abruptly, without entering into conversation with him."

"He was now enlisted without suspecting it, but I did not, as yet, know how I could put him into the power of my employer; however, my inventive genius soon suggested to me the proper means of effecting my purpose. By some letters from his mother, which I had found in the pocket book, I had learned, that she had died a little time before, very ill satisfied with his conduct, on account of his dissipations when at university."

"The characters engraved on the inside of the ring which I had taken from him, being the same with those the letters of his mother were signed with, put it out of doubt that the miniature picture of an old lady it was adorned with, must be the likeness of his mother."

"One of my associates, whose features had by accident some resemblance with those of


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106c. 43

Factories Act 1961 (9 & 10 Eliz.2 c. 34) 37. In section 176(1) of the Factories Act 1961, in the definition of "magistrates’ court", for “the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1952” substitute “the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”. Criminal Justice Act 1961 (9 & 10 Eliz. 2 c. 39) 38. In section 1(4) of the Criminal Justice Act 1961 for “section twenty-eight of the Magistrates’ Courts 1952” substitute “section 37 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”.

39. In section 3(4) of the Criminal Justice Act 1961 for “section one hundred and eight of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1952” substitute “section 133 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”.

40. In section 4(4) of the Criminal Justice Act 1961 for “subsection (3) of section fourteen of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1952” substitute “subsection (3) of section 10 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”.

41. In section 5(5) of the Criminal Justice Act 1961 for “Part III of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1952” substitute “Part III of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”.

42. In section 12(4) of the Criminal Justice Act 1961 for “subsection (3) of section fourteen of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1952” substitute “subsection (3) of section 10 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”. Plant Varieties and Seeds Act 1964 (c. 14) 43. In section 23(2) of the Plant Varieties and Seeds Act 1964 for “section 104 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1952” substitute “section 127(1) of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”.

44. In section 28 of the Plant Varieties and Seeds Act 1964—
 * (a) in subsection (1) for “section 104 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1952” substitute “section 127(1) of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”;
 * (b) in subsection (2) for “the said section 104” substitute “the said section 127(1)”.

Licensing Act 1964 (c. 26) 45. In section 22(4) of the Licensing Act 1964 for “section 85(2) of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1952” substitute “section 109(1) of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”.

46. In section 28(2) of the Licensing Act 1964 for “Section 118(2) of the Magistrates' Courts Act 1952” substitute “Section 141(2) of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”.

47. In section 48(3) of the Licensing Act 1964 for “section 104 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1952” substitute “section 127(1) of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”.

48. In section 192(2) of the Licensing Act 1964 for “section 3 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1952” substitute “section 3 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”.


text: German Antiguerrilla Operations in the Balkans (1941-1944)/Part Three


text: German Antiguerrilla Operations in the Balkans (1941-1944)/Chapter 7


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Rh

49. In Schedule 2 to the Licensing Act 1964, in paragraph 9, for “Subsections (1), (3) and (4) of section 77 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1952” substitute “Subsections (1), (3) and (4) of section 97 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”.

50. In Schedule 6 to the Licensing Act 1964—
 * (a) in paragraph 16(2), for “subsections (1) and (3) of section 77 and section 98 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1952” substitute “subsections (1) and (3) of section 97 and section 121 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”;
 * (b) in paragraph 18, for the words from “section 15 of the Justices of the Peace Act 1949” to the end substitute “section 144 of the Magistrates’ Courts 1980, shall have effect subject to any rules so made and to any rules made under section 15 of the Justices of the Peace Act 1949 (which was re-enacted in the said section 144) after 3rd August 1961”.

Administration of Justice Act 1964 (c. 42) 51. In section 38(1) of the Administration of Justice Act 1964 for “section 28 or 29 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1952” substitute “section 37 or 38 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”. Magistrates' Courts Act (Northern Ireland) 1964 (c. 21 (N.I.)) 52. In section 104B of the Magistrates’ Courts Act (Northern Ireland) 1964—
 * (a) in subsection (1) for “section 72A of the Magistrates Courts Act 1952” substitute “section 90 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980” and for “the said Act of 1952” substitute “the said Act of 1980”;
 * (b) in subsection (2) for “section 72A of the Magistrates Courts Act 1952” substitute “section 90 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”.

Finance Act 1965 (c. 25) 53. In section 92(7) of the Finance Act 1965 for “Section 104 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1952” substitute “Section 127(1) of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”. Gas Act 1965 (c. 36) 54. In section 21(4) of the Gas Act 1965 for “section 35 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1952” substitute “section 44 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”. Backing of Warrants (Republic of Ireland) Act 1965 (c. 45) 55. In the Schedule to the Backing of Warrants (Republic of Ireland) Act 1965, in the proviso to paragraph 2, for “the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1952” (in both places) substitute “the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”. E4


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 nothing to do credit to his rank and title, and to introduce himself with eclat. His equipage was one of the most splendid at Paris; his servants' liveries were in the highest taste; his dress was selected with elegance; and before many weeks were elapsed, we were introduced in the best circles of the town, and in some received with cordiality.

The amusements of that capital are too well known to require a minute description. The play, dancing, parties of pleasure, and particularly the charm of the fine arts, never miss their aim. The Count was not much attracted by them. My character, on the contrary, impels me forcibly to seek that sort of amusement. We mixed, therefore, with the gay circles, and enjoyed the pleasures of Paris, but without being much diverted. We made new connexions, and continued the old ones, without sacrificing much to them; and spared every day at least a few hours

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108c. 43

Criminal Procedure (Attendance of Witnesses) Act 1965 (c. 69) 56. In section 8 of the Criminal Procedure (Attendance of Witnesses) Act 1965 for “section 77 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1952” substitute “section 97 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”. General Rate Act 1967 (c. 9) 57. In section 97(3) of the General Rate Act 1967 for “section 15 of the Justices of the Peace Act 1949” substitute “section 144 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”.

58. In section 98 of the General Rate Act 1967 for “the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1952” substitute “the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”.

59. In section 104(2) of the General Rate Act 1967 for “section 15 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1952” substitute “section 13 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”.

60. In section 107(1) of the General Rate Act 1967 for “section 122(3) of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1952” substitute “section 145(3) of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”. Criminal Law Act 1967 (c. 58) 61. In section 2(1) of the Criminal Law Act 1967 for “section 29 of the Criminal Law Act 1977” substitute “section 33 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”, for “subsection (2) of section 23 of the said Act of 1977” substitute “subsection (2) of section 22 of the said Act of 1980” and for “the said section 23” substitute “the said section 22”. Wireless Telegraphy Act 1967 (c. 72) 62. In section 11(4) of the Wireless Telegraphy Act 1967 for “section 115 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1952” substitute “section 140 of the Magistrates’ Courts 1980”. Criminal Justice Act 1967 (c. 80) 63. In section 7 of the Criminal Justice Act 1967 for “section 2 of this Act” substitute “section 102 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”.

64. In section 11(3) of the Criminal Justice Act 1967 for “section 15 of the Justices of the Peace Act 1949” substitute “section 144 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”.

65. In section 32(3)(b) of the Criminal Justice Act 1967 for “section 26 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1952” substitute “section 30 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”.

66. In section 36(2) of the Criminal Justice Act 1967 for “the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1952” substitute “the Magistrates’ Courts 1980”.


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 for more important conversations in our closet.

It was very favourable to our purpose, that many of my former acquaintances and friends gradually gathered around us. Don Bernhard and Count S******i were the first, and more strongly captivated with our plans than I had left them. They were surprised to the highest degree at Count S******'s adventures, and impatient to have those mysterious incidents elucidated. The sufferings and experiences of some years had ripened our characters, and rendered them more harmonious; and we found, in the mutual exchange of our ideas, comforts, pleasures, and prospects which none of us had expected.

Our method of proceeding was also altered very much through the existing circumstances. Having divested ourselves of our former timidity, we made no secret of our plans, but spoke of them wherever we met; and while we thus gained many

title: Page:Horrid Mysteries Volume 3.djvu/36


text:
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Rh

67. In section 56 of the Criminal Justice Act 1967—
 * (a) in subsection (2) for “sections 28 and 29 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1952” substitute “sections 37 and 38 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”;
 * (b) in subsection (6) for “section 28 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1952 " substitute “section 37 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”.

68. In section 62(7) of the Criminal Justice Act 1967 for “section 29 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1952” substitute “section 38 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”.

69. In section 90(2) and (4) of the Criminal Justice Act 1967 for “section 104 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1952” substitute, in each case, “section 127(1) of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”. Companies Act 1967 (c. 81) 70. In section 49(3) of the Companies Act 1967 for “section 104 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1952” substitute “section 127(1) of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”. Criminal Appeal Act 1968 (c. 19) 71. In section 1 of the Criminal Appeal Act 1968—
 * (a) in subsection (1) insert at the beginning “Subject to subsection (3) below”;
 * (b) insert after subsection (2)—
 * “(3) Where a person is convicted before the Crown Court of a scheduled offence it shall not be open to him to appeal to the Court of Appeal against the conviction on the ground that the decision of the court which committed him for trial as to the value involved was mistaken.
 * (4) In subsection (3) above “scheduled offence” and “the value involved” have the same meanings as they have in section 22 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980 (certain offences against property to be tried summarily if value of property or damage is small).”.

Firearms Act 1968 (c. 27) 72. In section 51(4) of the Firearms Act 1968 for “section 104 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1952” substitute “section 127(1) of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”.

73. In Part II of Schedule 6 to the Firearms Act 1968, in paragraph 3—
 * (a) in sub-paragraph (1) for “Schedule 3 to the Criminal Law Act 1977” substitute “Schedule 1 to the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”;
 * (b) in sub-paragraph (2) for “sections 19 to 24 of the said Act of 1977” substitute “sections 18 to 23 of the said Act of 1980”;


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110c. 43

Trade Descriptions Act 1968 (c. 29) 74. In sections 19(2) and 40(1)(a) of the Trade Descriptions Act 1968 for “section 104 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1952” substitute “section 127(1) of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”. Civil Evidence Act 1968 (c. 64) 75. In section 8(6) of the Civil Evidence Act 1968 for “section 15 of the Justices of the Peace Act 1949” substitute “section 144 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”. Medicines Act 1968 (c. 67) 76. In section 125(1) of the Medicines Act 1968 for “section 104 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1952” substitute “section 127(1) of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”. Sea Fisheries Act 1968 (c. 77) 77. In section 12(3) of the Sea Fisheries Act 1968 for “Sections 65(1) and 66 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1952” substitute “Sections 77(1) and 78 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”. Children and Young Persons Act 1969 (c. 54) 78. In section 2 of the Children and Young Persons Act 1969—
 * (a) in subsection (4) for “subsections (3) and (4) of section 47 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1952” substitute “subsections (3) and (4) of section 55 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”;
 * (b) in subsection (6) for “Section 77 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1952” substitute “Section 97 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”;
 * (c) in subsection (13) for “section 96 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1952” substitute “section 120 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”.

79. In section 7(1) of the Children and Young Persons Act 1969 for “section 28(1) of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1952” substitute “section 37(1) of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”.

80. In section 8(3) of the Children and Young Persons Act 1969 for “Subsections (2) and (4) of section 40 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1952” substitute “Subsections (2) and (4) of section 49 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”.

81. In section 16(2) of the Children and Young Persons Act 1969 for “subsections (3) and (4) of section 47 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1952” substitute “subsections (3) and (4) of section 55 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”.


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 such a catastrophe so preyed upon the minds of the populace that it is reported in the "Tshu-King," one of the oldest chronicles in existence, that the ancient astronomers Ho and Hi had their heads laid before their feet for failing to predict an eclipse of the sun. Plenty of time to get out drums and kettles and to make the deafening noise which had always caused the monster to drop the sun was always given after this little incident. Douglas, in "History of China," relates that at this time, the intervention of every official in the country is called upon to save the sun from being destroyed.

The Grecians, however, ascribing all things to the gods, thought that the phenomenon was due to Jupiter, who, sometimes wishing to keep his business on earth secret from the other immortals on Mount Olympus, kept them from seeing him by hanging a little covering over the sun.

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text: The Music of the Spheres/Chapter 11

title: The Music of the Spheres/Chapter 11


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Rh

82. In section 18(2) of the Children and Young Persons Act 1969 for “section 15 of the Justices of the Peace Act 1949” substitute “section 144 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980 ".

83. In section 23 of the Children and Young Persons Act 1969—
 * (a) in subsection (4) for “section 28 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1952" substitute “section 37 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”;
 * (b) in subsection (5) for “section 105(5) of the said Act of 1952 " substitute “section 128(7) of the said Act of 1980”.

84. In section 31(6) of the Children and Young Persons Act 1969 for “the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1952” substitute “he Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”.

85. In section 70(1) of the Children and Young Persons Act 1969, in the definition of “petty sessions area”, for “the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1952” substitute “the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”.

86. In Schedule 4 to the Children and Young Persons Act 1969, in paragraph 5(1), for “section 28(1) of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1952” substitute “section 37(1) of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”.

87. In Schedule 5 to the Children and Young Persons Act 1969, in paragraph 55, for “sections 2 and 9 of the Criminal Justice Act 1967” substitute “section 9 of the Criminal Justice Act 1967 and section 102 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”. Administration of Justice Act 1970 (c. 31) 88. In section 41(8) of the Administration of Justice Act 1970 for “section 64 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1952” substitute “section 76 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980” and for “paragraph 2 of Schedule 3 to that Act" substitute “paragraph 2 of Schedule 4 to that Act”.

89. In Schedule 1 to the Administration of Justice Act 1970 for “section 54(3) of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1952” substitute “section 63(3) of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”. Merchant Shipping Act 1970 (c. 36) 90. In section 56(2) and (7) of the Merchant Shipping Act 1970 for “subsections (1), (3) and (4) of section 77 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1952” substitute, in each place, “subsections (1), (3) and (4) of section 97 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”. Guardianship of Minors Act 1971 (c. 3) 91. In section 13(1) of the Guardianship of Minors Act 1971 for “section 54(3) of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1952” substitute “section 63(3) of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”.


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have just obtained a close view of one of the stars of the Galaxy,—the nearest star, our own sun,—and have gazed in admiration at the pearly setting of its corona, the turbulent waves of its crimson atmosphere, its black spots and moving belts, and our admiration increases as we visualize in our mind's eye, the eight fine planets which swing unceasingly around in its beautiful light.

In comparison with the sun, these planets are very small; either the earth, Mars, Venus or Mercury could be dropped into an average-sized sun-spot, or all four into an extra large sun-spot, while a thousand globes huge as Jupiter would scarcely balance the globe of the sun. Indeed, it has been computed that if the total mass of the whole solar system, with the exception of the sun, were called I, then the mass of the sun on the same scale would be 744.

All of the planets of the solar system roll as if on a great shield, one orbit set within the other at widely separated intervals. These orbits are not round but elliptical, with the sun shining at one focus of each elliptical orbit.

An unseen force called gravitation holds the planets in their pathways, always just so near and just so far from the sun. This is the same force that holds the stars in a Galaxy and keeps the objects on the earth from sliding off into space. Since the attractive power of the sun is tremendous, the planets must travel around their pathways at a tremendous rate in order to develop enough

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 centrifugal force to offset the gravitational pull, and the closer the planet the faster it must fly. Mercury, for instance, travels at a rate of 35 miles a second while Neptune, seventy-five times as far off, has an orbital velocity of only 3.4 miles a second. The following table shows the distances of each planet from the sun and the time it takes it to complete its journey around its orbit, beginning with Mercury, the nearest planet to the sun, and continuing outward.

Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars are sometimes called the inner planets because they form a group nearest the sun but more

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112c. 43

92. In section 16(5) of the Guardianship of Minors Act 1971—
 * (a) for “section 15 of the Justices of the Peace Act 1949” substitute “section 144 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”;
 * (b) for “section 55(1) of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1952” substitute “section 64(1) of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”.

Vehicles (Excise) Act 1971 (c. 10) 93. In section 34 of the Vehicles (Excise) Act 1971—
 * (a) for “section 1(2) of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1957” substitute “section 12(2) of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”;
 * (b) for “section 15 of the Justices of the Peace Act 1949” substitute “section 144 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”;
 * (c) for “the said section 1(2)” substitute “the said section 12(2)”.

Courts Act 1971 (c. 23) 94. In section 7(2) of the Courts Act 1971 for “subsection (1) above” substitute “section 7 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”.

95. In section 13 of the Courts Act 1971—
 * (a) in subsection (5)(e) for “sections 94 and 95 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1952” substitute “sections 118 and 119 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”;
 * (b) in subsection (8) for “the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1952” substitute “the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”.

96. In section 52(5) of the Courts Act 1971 for “section 55 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1952” substitute “section 64 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”. Attachment of Earnings Act 1971 (c. 32) 97. In section 3 of the Attachment of Earnings Act 1971—
 * (a) in subsection (1)(c) for “section 52(1) of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1952” substitute “section 59(1) of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”;
 * (b) in subsection (4) for “section 64 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1952” substitute “section 76 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980” and for “section 64 of the said Act of 1952” substitute “section 76 of the said Act of 1980”.

98. In section 8(3) of the Attachment of Earnings Act 1971 for “section 65(2) of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1952” substitute “section 77(2) of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”.

99. In section 17(3)(e) of the Attachment of Earnings Act 1971 for “Part III of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1952” substitute “Part III of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”.


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Page:Journal of the Optical Society of America, volume 30, number 12.pdf/14

 plying assistance and material for use in studies of scientific color interest. She has continued the assistance given by Mr. Spry to the subcommittee of the Colorimetry Committee of this society on the smoothing of the Munsell data. And Mr. Carlson, without whose steady eye and hand it would be hard to imagine a satisfactory supply of all of the regular and special Munsell colors that have been made since 1912, is still painting Munsell colors, although from 1931 to 1939 he was not regularly employed for full time by the company. At the present time, Mrs. J. E. O. Munsell is making provision for the development of special colors which is helping to keep Mr. Carlson with the company. Only Mrs. Bellamy and Mr. Carlson now remain of the earlier group. But the fact should be noted that a large proportion of the others connected at one time or another with the Munsell work are now employed in a wide variety of color activities. Working with the Munsell company never narrowed oneto the confines of a single “system”; rather it encouraged a broad outlook on the entire color field.

Applications of the Munsell system in scientific work have been made to a greater extent from outside the Munsell laboratories than from within.

In March, 1927, the writer was employed by the United States Department of Agriculture to develop and carry on certain adaptations of the Munsell system for purposes of color measurement that had been started in connection with hay standards and color scales for meat grading. The development of a disk type colorimeter followed, the actual spinning of disks being eliminated by spinning an optical rhomb or wedge in one side of the viewing beam. The first instrument, suggested by one made by Carl W. Keuffel as the answer to an early discussion by Priest, Munsell, and Keuffel as to whether a spinning optical part could be used for mixing colors, was developed for the Department of Agriculture through the cooperation of Mr. Keuffel, and a commercial model of this instrument was made and sold by the Keuffel and Esser Company. About the same time an eyepiece for the observation of spinning disks in comparison with a sample such as cotton or hay was developed for work in the Department of Agriculture laboratories by the. In 1933 this was followed by the manufacture of a simplified form of disk colorimeter, the Bausch and Lomb HSB Color Analyzer—HSB for 1922 Optical Society terms hue, saturation, and brilliance. When this instrument appeared, the Keuffel and Esser Company stopped making the larger type. A revised model of the Bausch and Lomb disk colorimeter is now completed, and it is hoped that the rush of optical work due to the present defense program will not unduly delay its commercial production.

In 1929 the disk method of color measurement, using Munsell disks as secondary standards, was described in a technical bulletin of the U. S. Department of Agriculture. Since that time, the method of disk colorimetry, using disks calibrated for measurement of particular products, has spread to many fields of work, sometimes with instruments, sometimes without. Three papers by the writer concerning this method have appeared in the Journal of the Optical Society, , and other reports concerned with disk colorimetry have been published elsewhere. A technical paper to serve as a handbook on disk colorimetry is now in preparation by the Department of Agriculture.

Other developments outside of the Munsell laboratories consist chiefly of the 1935 Glenn Killian data on the Munsell papers ; the work of a subcommittee of the Colorimetry Committee of this society in reviewing the spacing of the Munsell system ; measurements by Granville, Nickerson, and Foss of the more than 400 special Munsell papers (in addition to those which appear on the regular charts) ; a report by Tyler and Hardy at the October, 1939, O.S.A. meeting ; a report by Nickerson and Granville in the April, 1940, Journal of the Optical Society ; preparation of I.C.I. values for the


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 frequently are called the Terrestrial Planets because they all have solid crusts like the earth.

Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune, forming a group called the outer or major planets, are more or less in a gaseous condition and are very huge in comparison to the first four.

The orbit of Neptune, the farthermost planet, encloses the orbits of all the other planets, and is so very large that it requires 165 years for Neptune to travel around it. This is quite a contrast to the time consumed by little Mercury who flies so close to the sun that he travels around it in 88 days. This, of course, means the length of the year on each of these planets.

Since the planets shine by light reflected from the sun, half of their globes are always bright,—and the other half is always hidden in the darkness of the shadow which trails behind. Each planet, however, rotates on its axis, which gives each side in turn a night and day. Exception to this must be made in the case of Mercury and Venus, their rotation with respect to the sun having been destroyed by the powerful tidal actions of the sun eons ago. Hence only one hemisphere in each of these planets is warmed by the light of the sun; the other forever faces the darkness and the cold of outer space.

The period of a planet's rotation is determined by watching its markings, just as the period of the sun's rotation was determined by watching its spots. The larger planets rotate much more swiftly than the smaller ones; a "day" on Jupiter or Saturn is not half as long as on Mars or on Earth.

The seasons of a planet depend on the angle at which its axis is tipped. The axis of the earth tips over at an angle of 23½ degrees from the perpendicular to the plane of its orbit, so its seasons are fairly well divided. Jupiter leans only 3 degrees and has little seasonal change but poor Uranus is inclined about 98 degrees and is subjected to the direst extremes. Since the year of Uranus

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text: Page:The Pharsalia of Lucan; (IA cu31924026485809).pdf/64


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Rh

100. In section 19 of the Attachment of Earnings Act 1971—
 * (a) in subsection (4) for “section 43 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1952” substitute “section 51 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”;
 * (b) in subsection (5) for “section 104 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1952” substitute “section 127(1) of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”.

101. In section 25 of the Attachment of Earnings Act 1971—
 * (a) in subsection (1), in the definition of “rules of court”, for “section 15 of the Justices of the Peace Act 1949” substitute “section 144 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”; and
 * (b) in subsection (6) for “Part III of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1952” substitute “Part III of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”.

Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 (c. 38) 102. In section 25(4) of the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 for “section 104 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1952” substitute “section 127(1) of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”. Fire Precautions Act 1971 (c. 40) 103. In section 26(1) of the Fire Precautions Act 1971 for “the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1952” substitute “the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”. Immigration Act 1971 (c. 77) 104. In section 6(2) of the Immigration Act 1971 for “section 14(3) of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1952” substitute “section 10(3) of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”. Maintenance Orders (Reciprocal Enforcement) Act 1972 (c. 18) 105. In section 14(3) and (6) of the Maintenance Orders (Reciprocal Enforcement) Act 1972 for “section 77(1), (3) and (4) of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1952” substitute, in each case, “section 97(1), (3) and (4) of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”.

106. In section 18(1) of the Maintenance Orders (Reciprocal Enforcement) Act 1972 for “section 15 of the Justices of the Peace Act 1949” substitute “section 144 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”.

107. In section 21(1) of the Maintenance Orders (Reciprocal Enforcement) Act 1972, in the definition of “prescribed”, for “section 15 of the Justices of the Peace Act 1949” substitute “section 144 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”.

108. In section 27 of the Maintenance Orders (Reciprocal Enforcement) Act 1972—
 * (a) in subsection (9) for “section 52 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1952” substitute “section 59 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”;
 * (b) in subsection (10) for “section 15 of the Justices of the Peace Act 1949” substitute “section 144 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”.


text: Page:The Pharsalia of Lucan; (IA cu31924026485809).pdf/65


text:
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114c. 43

109. In section 38(4) and (6) of the Maintenance Orders (Reciprocal Enforcement) Act 1972 for “section 77(1), (3) and (4) of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1952” substitute, in each case, “section 97(1), (3) and (4) of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”.

110. In section 41 of the Maintenance Orders (Reciprocal Enforcement) Act 1972—
 * (a) in subsections (1), (2A) and (2B) for “section 53 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1952” substitute, in each case, “section 60 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”;
 * (b) in subsection (2A) for “section 15 of the Justices of the Peace Act 1949” substitute “section 144 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”;
 * (c) in subsection (2B) for “section 47(3) of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1952” substitute “section 55(3) of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”.

Road Traffic Act 1972 (c. 20) 111. In section 104(2) of the Road Traffic Act 1972 for “section 1(2) of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1957” substitute “section 12(2) of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”.

112. In Part I of Schedule 4 to the Road Traffic Act 1972, in column 4 of the entries relating to section 2 and section 99(b), for “section 28 of the Criminal Law Act 1977” substitute, in each case, “section 32 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”. Civil Evidence Act 1972 (c. 30) 113. In section 2(8) of the Civil Evidence Act 1972 for “section 15 of the Justices of the Peace Act 1949” substitute “section 144 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”. Criminal Justice Act 1972 (c. 71) 114. In section 46 of the Criminal Justice Act 1972—
 * (a) in subsection (1) for the words from “Sections 2” to “those sections)” substitute “Section 102 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980 and section 9 of the Criminal Justice Act 1967 (which respectively allow written statements to be used as evidence in committal proceedings and in other criminal proceedings) and section 106 of the said Act of 1980 and section 89 of the said Act of 1967 (which punish the making of false statements which are tendered in evidence under the said section 102 or 9, as the case may be)”;
 * (b) in subsection (2) for “The said section 2” substitute “The said section 102”.

115. In section 49(1) of the Criminal Justice Act 1972 for “Part III of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1952” substitute “Part III of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980”.


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 he died at Stanway, in Essex, in November 1859, at the ripe age of eighty years.

Not long ago Sir Roderick Murchison discovered at Thurso, in the far North of Scotland, a profound geologist, in the person of a baker there, named Robert Dick. When Sir Roderick called upon him at the bakehouse in which he baked and earned his bread, Robert Dick delineated to him, by means of flour upon the board, the geographical features and geological phenomena of his native county, pointing out the imperfections in the existing maps, which he had ascertained by travelling over the country in his leisure hours. On further inquiry, Sir Roderick ascertained that the humble individual before him was not only a capital baker and geologist, but a first-rate botanist. "I found," said the President of the Geographical Society, "to my great humiliation that the baker knew infinitely more of botanical science, ay, ten times more, than I did, and that there were only some twenty or thirty specimens of flowers which he had not collected. Some he had obtained as presents, some he had purchased, but the greater portion had been accumulated by his industry, in his native county of Caithness; and the specimens were all arranged in the most beautiful order, with their scientific names affixed."

Sir Roderick Murchison himself is an illustrious follower of these and kindred branches of science. A writer in the 'Quarterly Review' cites him as a "singular instance of a man who, having passed the early part of his life as a soldier, never having had the advantage, or disadvantage as the case might have been, of a scientific training, instead of remaining a fox-hunting country gentleman, has


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text:
Page:The Works of Lord Byron (ed. Coleridge, Prothero) - Volume 3.djvu/148

 Variants


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tale of "Shirley" had been begun soon after the publication of "Jane Eyre." If the reader will refer to the account I have given of Miss Brontë's school-days at Roe Head, he will there see how every place surrounding that house was connected with the Luddite riots, and will learn how stories and anecdotes of that time were rife among the inhabitants of the neighbouring villages; how Miss Wooler herself, and the elder relations of most of her schoolfellows, must have known the actors in those grim disturbances. What Charlotte had heard there as a girl came up in her mind when, as a woman, she sought a subject for her next work; and she sent to Leeds for a file of the "Mercuries" of 1812, '13, and '14; in order to understand the spirit of those eventful times. She was anxious to write of things she had known and seen; and among the number was the West Yorkshire character, for which any tale laid among the Luddites would afford full scope. In "Shirley" she took the idea of most of her characters from life, although the incidents and situations were, of course, fictitious. She thought that if these last were purely imaginary, she might draw from the real without detection, but in this she was mistaken; her studies were


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 color system based upon photometry and disk mixture which will be in satisfactory agreement with the requirements of an ideal psychological system. It would seem to be worth while to study the psychophysical color system resulting from five new principal colors chosen so that their equal-area disk mixture will have the same trichromatic coefficients (x,y) as the illuminant. When this is done, we should be able to decide with certainty not only whether the 1919, 1926, or 1929 series of Munsell colors more closely approach a psychological system or the psychophysical system dealt with here, but also the more important question whether or not a simply defined psychophysical color system similar to it can be made to meet the requirements of the ideal psychological system envisaged by A. H. Munsell.

An examination has been made of the Munsell color system as it existed in 1919 and 1926. This examination has been based on colorimetric data derived from published and unpublished spectrophotometric measurements made in those years on samples representative of the Munsell Atlas. The relation between Munsell value and luminous apparent reflectance, $$V^2=100k( Y-0.007)$$, closely similar to that found by others, has been confirmed in a general way. While there are large individual variations, it is found that the above relation, with k close to unity, adequately represents the data as a whole. The white point on this scale corresponds to magnesium oxide, the black point to a sample reflecting diffusely about 0.7 percent.

The relation between Munsell Atlas hue and dominant wave-length depends upon the neutral (reference) point adopted. At best there are significant deviations from one-to-one correspondence. Therefore the terms for dominant wave-length and for Munsell hue as illustrated by the original papers of the Munsell system cannot be used interchangeably.

A psychophysical system has been developed, based on the inverse $$CV$$ weighting indicated in the Atlas instructions for a disk mixture to yield neutral gray.

In this psychophysical system the trichromatic coefficients $$(x, y)$$ of a Munsell color of a given hue depend only upon the ratio of value to chroma $$(V/C)$$. The following relations between excitation purity and colorimetric purity on the one hand and Munsell chroma and value on the other are obtained from this derivation:

$$P_{e(V/C)}=\frac{P_{e(5/5)}y_{5/0}}{y_{5/5}(V/C-1)+y_{5/0}}$$

$$P_{c(V/C)}=(C/V)P_{c(5/5)}$$

The 1919 and 1926 data indicate rough agreement with these relations, particularly for middle Munsell values; but there are consistent deviations from them, greater at low Munsell values than at high. Comparison of the data of this paper with the psychological data obtained by the Newhall subcommittee indicates that the above departures from the psychophysical system are in the direction to give chroma scales which are perceptually more uniform, and therefore that there has been an intentional departure from the psychophysical system.

1. Dorothy Nickerson, “,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. 30, 575 (1940).

2. I. G. Priest, K. S. Gibson and H. J. McNicholas, “An examination of the Munsell color system. I. Spectral and total reflection and the Munsell scale of value,” Bur. Stand. Tech. Paper No. 167 (1920).

3. A. H. Munsell, Atlas of the Munsell Color System (Wadsworth-Howland & Co., Malden, Mass., 1915). (Preliminary charts A and B published in 1910.)

4. H. J. McNicholas, “Equipment for routine spectral transmission and reflection measurements,” J. Research Nat. Bur. Stand. 1, 793 (1928); RP30.

5. G. F. A. Stutz, “Observations of spectrophotometric measurement of paint vehicles and pigments in the ultraviolet,"” J. Frank. Inst. 200, 87 (1925).

6. K. S. Gibson, “Spectrophotometry at the Bureau of Standards,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. 21, 564 (1931).

7. A. C. Hardy, Handbook of Colorimetry (Technology Press, Cambridge, Mass., 1936).

8. A. H. Munsell, “On the relation of the intensity of chromatic stimulus (physical saturation) to chromatic sensation,” Psychol. Bull. 6, 238 (1909).

9. A. H. Munsell, “A pigment color system and notation,” Am. J. Psychol. 23, 236 (1912).

10. A. H. Munsell, Color Diary, Bibliofilm Document No. 1307 ($2.50) obtainable from the American Docu


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Page:The Works of Lord Byron (ed. Coleridge, Prothero) - Volume 3.djvu/149

 Notes


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 The third feature with which the Emperor has defiled the faith of the followers of Christ (consists in the fact) that he uses pagan power arbitrarily and wilfully, with plenty of haughtiness and arrogance, paying ho heed to the circumstance that he is a Christian and that he uses authority over Christians who were redeemed by the blood of Christ and who are, therefore, servants subject to the authority of the highest Lord of lords; the Emperor himself wants to rule over them, to dicatatedictate [sic] to them and to administer them. O, the arrogant pride of the emperors, kings and other lords! If they would ever remember (that they are Christians) they should never dare rule over people so wilfully, just to suit their whims. They would respect and stand in awe before the Lord of this people...; they would know that if they rule wilfully in whatever manner over the people, against the Highest Lord, they and their rule would fall under His judgment

I am not too much concerned about the corpore al wrong-doings which they inflict upon the people, such as the collecting of taxes and the imposition of week work and boon work. These corporeal servitudes are the cause of impoverishment and of a fatiguing burden on their serfdom; still, 121*

title: Page:The Net of Faith.pdf/451


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. If I might offer a suggestion to Your Majesty, perhaps if the Empress were to continue in ignorance…

. Quite superfluous. She will be more careful another time, now that she is advised that she has a grandson who is so enterprising. [Aside to the ] She will be proud of him, too, I assure you. [The  goes out] Attention, Sergeant! For this breach of discipline, which is your first, you are forbidden to go skating this afternoon, and for the next three days you may eat by yourself, apart from your brother and sister.

. What a blessed relief!

. Don't you envy me?

. It serves you right.

. I could tell grandfather some nice stories about you and Maurice.

. You are a fine soldier—a tattle-tale and a coward.

. Who? I?

. Silence! That will do. Herr Stirger, continue your instruction in the library. I require this apartment for a private conference, as it has a separate entrance.

. We have concluded our studies for the day.

. Good! Then the Countess may accompany the Princes to pay their respects to the Empress. Margaret, my dear, a kiss; Maurice, your hand. Alex…

. Will Your Majesty forgive me?

. Coward! A man never apologizes.

. I forgive you this time, but if it happens again—Maurice, read him the army regulations.

. May I go skating with Margaret and Maurice?

. Of course you may.

. I don't mind eating by myself, because Maurice and Margaret always tease me.


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122* if the people endured them in humility, these (impositions) would not harm their consciences.

However, a much greater concern should be given to the fact that this power and system is so vicious and devoid of good when judged from the point of view of faith. In this matter the lords want to do nothing regarding their consciences or the conscience of those over whom they rule. They are all Christian and at least some of them have, on account of faith, a bad conscience when they kill, do violence to others, and rob them of their property. But (on the whole) they do not hold these things to be sinful. Driven by pride they fight for goods and chattles, for worldly honor, and if someone touches their property, immediately they declare war, round up the people like cattle and drive them to war where all murder and rob one another. How can it not be dangerous, therefore, for good Christians, to live under such powers which force them to do evil and to trespass the divine commandments! And what I esteem more cruel, they drive Christian men to war and there are Christians on both sides with orders to kill and rob others. A brother will go against a brother to do violence to him; he who by faith should lay down his life for him goes to kill and despoil his brother, simply because he is compelled to do so by the ignoble

title: Page:The Net of Faith.pdf/453


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Author talk:George Godfrey Cunningham

Contributor to The Original?
George Cunningham may have been "G. C.", the contributor of translations (and original stories) to William John Thoms' weekly periodical The Original (1832). One original G. C. story "A Singular Passage in My Own Life" may be able to confirm/dispel this. -- Yodin T 14:11, 7 February 2024 (UTC)

 * G. C. also wrote "Some Account of the Death of Morgan O’Doherty". Since Morgan O’Doherty was a pseudonym that became associated with William Maginn, it shows G. C. either was Maginn, or knew him. -- Yodin T 20:06, 29 March 2024 (UTC)
 * Have found a source that shows G. C. was George Cowie, not Cunningham. See Author talk:George Cowie. -- Yodin T 20:59, 29 March 2024 (UTC)

title: Author talk:George Godfrey Cunningham


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123* authority. He does not have so much sense or love as to be willing to be killed by his overlord rather than to commit such an evil thing. An arrogant authority is, indeed, a trap for good Christians; it compels its subjects to go and do every evil it can think of.

But the greatest iniquity and crime which the authority has committed, running into the worst form of pagan hypocrisy is revealed – when already so contrary to Christ as it is – it even kills righteous Christians for their faith, spilling their blood. For the apostles of the Antichrist have wound themselves around the heart of authority and use it now to their own advantage and for their own purposes. They have betrayed true Christianity to the powers-that-be, defaming it with heresy. And authority which of itself does not know what faith is likewise knows not heresy. But spiritual hounds who hate the servants of Christ and of his law whisper their insinuations into the ear of authority, inciting it to exterminate those heresies with a pious ruthlessness. Erasmus of Rotterdam writes similarly in his essay "We war continually, city with city, prince with prince, people with people, yea, and (it that the heathen confess to be a wicked thing) cousin with cousin, alliance with alliance, brother with brother, the son with the father, yea, and that I esteem more cruel than all these things, 4em

title: Page:The Net of Faith.pdf/455


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. We do, do we? He is intolerable.

. He is a glutton; he eats with his fingers when the Countess is not looking.

. You dip your bread into the gravy.

. And you stuff pastries into your pockets.

. It's for Mogul.

. Silence!

. Highnesses, His Majesty grows impatient.

. Yes, you may retire.

. How shall I address you? Your Majesty, father—You have always been a father to me, since I never knew my own. As head of the family, his brother. Emperor, I have always loved and respected you.

. Always? Sit down. No, sit nearer. Although my decision not to see you was irrevocable, although I had determined that you should never enter the Palace again, nevertheless, as your complaints have become incessant and you have even had the bad taste to carry your diatribes to the radical press, thus lending aid and comfort to my enemies, and to those of the dynasty

. May I

. I have not finished. We shall never arrive at an understanding through correspondence or by means of emissaries, so I have preferred to arrange this interview, which will remain private, that is, unless you give it out to the papers yourself, intoxicated with your new rôle of journalist and your pose as Prince who is thoroughly up to date. It would make one of those typical interviews which are the pride and glory of the modern press. If the Empress were to learn of this, the shock would cost her an illness. Her health is already


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Act No. 17 (Second Philippine Republic)

B. No. 214.

The coat-of-arms of the Republic of the Philippines shall be as follows:

Paleways of two pieces, dexter, gules, and sinister, azure; a chief, argent, bearing three mullets, or, dexter, center, and sinister; an equilateral triangular field, argent, emblazoning at the honor point the symbolic eight-rayed sun in rayonnant, or, each ray flanked on both sides by lesser and minor rays, or. Beneath, a scroll, argent, with the word "Pilipinas" inscribed thereon.

Any utterance in speech, writing or drawing, and any act or omission casting dishonor, ridicule or contempt upon the coat-of-arms of the Republic of the Philippines, as well as its use as trademark, or as industrial, commercial or agricultural label or design, and any drawing or inscription upon said coat-of-arms are hereby prohibited; and any person who, either by himself or through another, violates the prohibition herein contained, shall, upon conviction, be punished by a fine of not less than ten pesos nor more than two hundred pesos, or imprisonment of not less than ten days nor more than sixty days, or both such fine and imprisonment, in the discretion of the court.

This Act shall take effect upon its approval.

Approved, December 24, 1943.

title: Act No. 17 (Second Philippine Republic)


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 precarious, as is mine, thanks to our beloved nephews and nieces, whose only thought, apparently, is to sweeten the final years of our reign, or to hasten its close. As if you were not bad enough, Helena focuses the attention of the entire civilized world upon us and our house.

. It is surely not my fault that my cousin has chosen this moment to agitate her divorce, not to speak of her elopement with her husband's secretary.

. But you are the one who began it. She would never have dared, if it had not been for you.

. I fail to see the similarity; my position is very different from that of my cousin.

. Perhaps, but two scandals in three months are too much in any family. In a ruling dynasty they are intolerable. This is a restless age, when every hand is raised against us. Monarchies do not exist to-day by virtue of divine right or inherited prerogative, but through personal prestige, through the respect and admiration which royalty inspires by its behavior. Making ourselves ridiculous in the eyes of those who no longer believe in us, and pathetic in the eyes of those who still do, is an ill augury for the future.

. I must decline to admit having fallen into either extreme, although I very well understand that my conduct may appear odious to courtiers and conservatives. But are you familiar with liberal opinion? Frankly, I do not believe that any intelligent person could laugh at me, or take exception to my marrying for love the woman I adore.

. Have you noticed that the liberal and revolutionary papers are the ones which have printed all the jokes at your expense, or rather, I should say, at ours? That shows their appreciation of your modernity, your liberalism, and how highly they value this love of yours, which in their eyes ought certainly to appear admirable.


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. No doubt it does. It is not a question of ideas, however, but of interests. I am a Prince; it is to their advantage to make me appear ridiculous—personally, in my love, and in my marriage. They do not respect me because I am a Prince, yet they blame me because I love like an ordinary man.

. Precisely. You have hit upon the reason for the universal disapprobation which your conduct arouses, both among your enemies and your friends. You were content to enjoy the prerogatives of Prince so long as it suited you to do so; now you wish to share the immunities of a private citizen, because it happens to be convenient. That is the difficulty, that is what the public with unerring instinct condemns. Every rank has its obligations, which are in proportion to its privileges.

. What privileges attached to mine? I might live the prescribed routine, provided I manifested no initiative, and never had an original thought of my own. You conferred the command of a regiment upon me; no sooner did I introduce some reforms, which would have improved the condition of my subordinates, than the government took alarm, and I was reprimanded severely. I visited the colonies, and returned to publish my observations. The book was cut down by the censor to a few insignificant banalities, for which I blush to be held responsible. If I desire to contribute to charity, I must restrain my generosity so that my contributions may not be greater than yours, nor than those of others who are nearer the throne. I am a lover of art, yet I am not able to express my admiration for an artist or for his work, unless it accords with the official art standards and is thoroughly orthodox. It is the same with everything. These are my privileges. My initiative, my intelligence, my sympathies are never permitted to overstep the


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title: Page:The Royal Book of Oz.djvu/330


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 bounds which are fixed for them by authority—bounds as inviolable as the frontiers of our country. What have you to offer in exchange for a life lived without love?

. Without love? Is there no other love than that woman's?

. Not for me. A man never loves more than once in his life; the only love for him is that of the woman whom he loves. Of course, conceivably, there are a great many persons in the world a man might love, just as there are a great many women, a great many countries, a great many mothers. But our love is the only love for us; that is why we think it is the best—because it is ours, like our own country, or our own mother. Nobody has any choice in these things, yet we always think that ours is the best. The only one possible is ours.

. You were scarcely in a position to make a wise choice when you persistently absented yourself from Court and avoided association with women of your own rank and class, to hover behind the scenes of a theatre and cultivate the society of a comic-opera singer.

. Of an adorable, an intelligent woman, who has taught me to know myself, behind the scenes—which, no doubt, seems a terrible place to you—to live my own life, surrounded by real people who are living their own lives and succeeding strictly upon their merits. She has cured me of my prejudices, she has strengthened my will, she has aroused my conscience

. No doubt she has. Excellent theories à la Ibsen, à la Tolstoy, à la Nietzsche, those perturbers of weak minds, who, by the way, should have been born in Suavia. We should have attended to them and have made an example. Living your own life? Yes, the infallible excuse for every imaginable fault and delinquency. Being yourself,


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124* That authority is therefore the strength of the Antichrist aimed at Christ and his chosen ones. And the Antichrist, with all his hatred and secret guiles, could not press so hard against Christ, if he had not a great ally in the strong temporal power. To what end has grown this authority which has branched out its roots (planted by Constantine) among the Christians? It has brought about everything that is abominable to Christ, all sorrows and all temptations to his saints. The hatred of the Antichrist is incited to flaming anger against Christ and his followers and it strikes the chosen ones of Christ through temporal authority (which authority the Anti-Christ praises to high heaven saying that through it the loly Church stands in its firmness and goodness).

Erasmus of Rotterdam writes similarly in his essay "We war continually, city with city, prince with prince, people with people, yea, and (it that the heathen confess to be a wicked thing) cousin with cousin, alliance with alliance, brother with brother, the son with the father, yea, and that I esteem more cruel than all these things, a Christian man against another man; and yet furthermore, I will say that I am very loath to do, which is a thing most cruel of all, one Christian man with another Christian man." (Erasmus,, J.W. Mackail, ed., Boston: Merrymount Press, 1918, p. 23f.)

a Christian man against another man; and yet furthermore, I will say that I am very loath to do, which is a thing most cruel of all, one Christian man with another Christian man." (Erasmus,, J.W. Mackail, ed., Boston: Merrymount Press, 1918, p. 23f.)

title: Page:The Net of Faith.pdf/457


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Mr. Baum’s charming stories of the Fairyland of Oz belong to the children, tens of thousands of whom have written to “The Royal Historian of Oz” in the years that these delightful books have been entertaining little folks all over the land. They write of their joy in the stories, giving suggestions for new ones and begging, always, for more.

Imagination and the Happy Spirit are the foundations of all of the Oz books. The natural child-impulse for adventure and the child’s delight in invention are stimulated by the wonderful adventures of the quaint people of the Fairyland of Oz and the marvelous magic wrought by the Wizard of Oz, Glinda, the Good Sorceress and the lovely girl ruler, Ozma of Oz.

Mr. Baum loved and understood children. He de

title: Page:The Royal Book of Oz.djvu/331


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 your self! As if life were ever possible for one without the co-operation of all, without the laws of society! Good! Since these are your ideas, your sentiments, be consistent to the end. Your life is that which you mould by your own will, independently of the disabilities of your rank. Well, then, live it, and do not expect to enjoy the privileges of your former station.

. Do you ask me to submit to the injustice of being deprived of them? I am in a worse position without them than the man who never knew what they were. Such persecution is implacable. Your humblest subject who has committed an unspeakable crime has his day in court, he is not condemned, as I have been, in defiance of all the laws of your Empire, which guarantee to the most abject slave the right of disposing of his hand and of choosing the companion of his heart freely.

. Those same abject slaves whom your poetic imagination encourages you to envy, would very gladly exchange that inestimable right for the privileges and income which you enjoyed as Prince, with no further effort than the accident of your birth, which was considerable.

. Then I have nothing to hope?

. Hope to be happy. What more do you wish? You will make a great mistake if you are not. The question is, which is preferable—love, or the income and dignities of a Prince? Certainly no better guarantee of happiness could be desired than the assurance that your love loves you for yourself, for yourself alone, the man himself, as Shakespeare expresses it.

. Very well. I shall ask nothing further of you, but you need expect nothing of me in return. I am released from all obligation to my princely dignity. Make no attempt to prevent what I purpose doing in spite of it.


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(:In this chapter Chelc̄icky̍ refutes the argument which says that the Church can maintain its strength only in connection and with the support of the state authority. And this is the way he proposes to handle the argument:)

What will be discussed here is not easy but difficult, complicated, and painful. Therefore (I propose) to conduct the arguments in the manner of a disputation between persons of opposing ideas. One will be from the following of Jesus, namely Paul who is a good speaker and well-trained in disputation, and the other will be from the servants of the Antichrist, namely the simoniacal priest who is the vicar of Judas.

(:The whole of this chapter is given to the argument of the simoniacal priest who maintains that the early Christians of pre-Constantinian times were living in a very un-enviable 125*

title: Page:The Net of Faith.pdf/459


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About All of the Oz Books lighted to have them about him. He knew what they wanted and he was happiest when he was making his great audience of little folks happy. It is this close and loving contact with childhood that has put the Oz books in very front rank of all the juvenile books. John R. Neill’s whimsical and astonishing pictures step hand-in-hand with Mr. Baum’s stones. As illustrations for children they have no equals.

“I thought everybody believed in Oz," said the Scarecrow to Happy Toko, when the foolish little Princes of the Silver Island said, “It is not on the map.” Of course, the Silver Island isn’t on the map, either, but all over Americaand all over the world, in factthe children do believe in Oz. Nearly twenty years ago little girls, who are mothers today, were

title: Page:The Royal Book of Oz.djvu/332


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 such Chief Justice or other Judge, as the case may be, be entitled to receive in addition to the salary specified in sub-paragraph (1) of this paragraph as special pay an amount equivalent to the difference between the salary so specified and the salary which he was drawing immediately before such commencement.

(4) Every Judge of the Supreme Court shall receive such reasonable allowances to reimburse him for expenses incurred in travelling on duty within the territory of India and shall be afforded such reasonable facilities in connection with travelling as the President may from time to time prescribe.

(5) The rights in respect of leave of absence (including leave allowances) and pension of the Judges of the Supreme Court shall be governed by the provisions which, immediately before the commencement of this Constitution, were applicable to the Judges of the Federal Court.

10. [(1) There shall be paid to the Judges of High Courts, in respect of time spent on actual service, salary at the following rates per mensem, that is to say,—

 * The Chief Justice
 * [9,000 rupees.]
 * Any other Judge
 * [8,000 rupees.]
 * }
 * [8,000 rupees.]
 * }
 * }

Provided that if a Judge of a High Court at the time of his appointment is in receipt of a pension (other than a disability or wound pension) in respect of any previous service under the Government of India or any of its predecessor Governments or under the Government of a State or any of its predecessor Governments, his salary in respect of service in the High Court shall be reduced—
 * (a) by the amount of that pension, and
 * (b) if he has, before such appointment, received in lieu of a portion of the pension due to him in respect of such previous service the commuted value thereof, by the amount of that portion of the pension, and
 * (c) if he has, before such appointment, received a retirement gratuity in respect of such previous service, by the pension equivalent of that gratuity.]

(2) Every person who immediately before the commencement of this Constitution—
 * (a) was holding office as the Chief Justice of a High Court in any Province and has on such commencement become the Chief Justice of the High Court in the corresponding State under clause (1) of article 376, or
 * (b) was holding office as any other Judge of a High Court in any Province and has on such commencement become a Judge (other than the Chief Justice) of the High Court in the corresponding State under the said clause,

shall, if he was immediately before such commencement drawing a salary at a rate higher than that specified in sub-paragraph (1) of this paragraph, be entitled to receive in respect of time spent on actual service as such Chief Justice or other Judge, as the case may be, in addition to the salary specified in the said subparagraph as special pay an amount equivalent to the difference between the salary so specified and the salary which he was drawing immediately before such commencement.

[(3) Any person who, immediately before the commencement of the Constitution (Seventh Amendment) Act, 1956, was holding office as the Chief Justice of the High Court of a State specified in


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126* situation, being poor servants, mistreated by their lords, tortured and killed. :)

It is ridiculous therefore to say that the original Church of Christ was in a perfect condition in the days of the apostles and other disciples... On the contrary, the Church of Christ became perfect when it accepted temporal power from the Emperor.

(:Paul answers saying that it is wrong to measure the perfection of the Church of God by the standards of perfection of temporal authority.:)

For the priest, this was like drinking sour wine from a goblet.

(:Paul goes on to say that in gaining temporal security the Church lost spiritual perfection.

The lovers of the world repose under the shadow of the authoritarian Church; and secular power protects those things which they love.:)

And in doing this, they build not on a rock, but on earthly considerations weak as sand.

2-Cor. 3:5.

title: Page:The Net of Faith.pdf/461


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127*

(:Paul continues his argument admitting that the Christians were very poor and living in unpleasant conditions during the first three hundred years but this does not imply that the Church was not spiritually perfect. :)

The states and powers are always earthly and temporal. But Jesus declared that he was not a ruler of a temporal kingdom. That is why he said: "My kingdom is not of this world." And he explained this even more clearly to his disciples when he said, "The kings of the Gentiles exercise lordship over them But not so with you." That means that the dignity of the Church of Christ does not depend on the success of temporal things.

(:On the contrary, adversity causes the Church to prosper spiritually; in giving the Beatitudes Jesus taught his disciples to lose earthly attachments and to cling to things eternal.:)

With these speeches Paul describes the fulness and perfection of the original Church, richer in poverty, in  John 18:36.

Luke 22: 25–26.

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