text:
Always

Film renditions

 * "Always" (1928), as performed on a record in the comedy-drama experimental film Lonesome. The record shown during this scene was the Nick Lucas one from 1926, but the performance is not actually from that record, and is probably original to the film itself.

Records

 * , performed by Nick Lucas
 * , performed by Walter Scanlan

Sheet music

 * "Always" (1925), the original sheet music, published by Irving Berlin, Inc.

title: Always


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 whom he sent as pilot in the Sangley vessel that there was water enough in the strait of Mangayao; but, if this should not be so, they were to keep outside. They remained outside, and the rest of the fleet sailed safely on to the point of Las Flechas ("the Arrows"), twelve leguas from the river (Rio Grande, in Mindanao, where the letter was written). The wind being heavy and the vessels old and deep in the water, he anchored in a river never before entered, so far as was known, cutting away trees and branches to do so. When the fragata was safe, he sent the master-of-camp for the galleys, which were sinking because of their rottenness. At the same time a virrey was sent to look for the Sangley vessel. The virrey returned without news; and though Ronquillo was very anxious he kept on to the river toward which he was sailing, all assuring him that he would find the Sangley ship here. A fire was seen at night, apparently a signal that the vessel would go to La Canela for water, being unable to make the river because of the winds. After taking in water they left port, and the next night the Chinese crew mutinied, and killed the Spaniards. The Chinese had been disarmed, and committed the deed with clubs and wooden hatchets. Ronquillo asserts that all possible care had been taken. The vessel carried the bulk of their provisions, clothing, tow, and some ammunition. In spite of this loss the expedition had been very successful. Upon reaching the river whence he writes, he spent five days in repairs upon the fleet; and then, after completing the fort of Tampaca (modern Tabaca) and storing the ammunition and food in it, he ascended the river, leaving a guard of thirty-four men under Sargento-mayor Diego de Chaves, one of

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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Summary
A 1961 printing of the 1928 books. Re-upload with proper capitalization in title.


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 whose legs had been cut off. The force which went up the river numbered two hundred and thirty, including sailors and gunners. The enemy retired behind some parapets as soon as the artillery opened upon them, and brought some artillery to bear on the flagship (one of the galleys), but could not retard the Spanish advance. Continuing, Ronquillo writes:]

I answered their fire with so great readiness that I forced them to withdraw their artillery. But, as if they were goblins, they remained here behind a bush or a tree, firing at us, without being seen. Thus did they keep us busy until one o'clock at night. I remained three days without landing, awaiting the arrival of Lumaquan—a chief of the tingues [i.e., hill-people], the best Indian of this island, and our best friend—and five hundred Indians, who were coming to aid us. On the very day of his arrival I landed in the following order. I formed a square of twelve ranks of thirteen men each, closing front, side, and rear guards with halberds and pikes. There were two captains in the van-guard, one in the rear-guard, and two at the sides, so that, wherever the enemy should attack, the soldiers could, by facing about, fight without at all breaking ranks. I detailed two files of forty arquebusiers and two captains to go ahead to discover ambushes. Under cover of their arquebuses went the pioneers to clear the way. As I heard, according to reports, that the enemy would halt upon this day, I went ashore and marched straight forward at the head of the squadron, at times going through the ranks to see if anything was needed. Upon that day, we busied ourselves until sunset in clearing the way as fully as great toil and diligence would allow, without the square being


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 thrown into any confusion, or any man falling out. But as we could not come in sight of the fort, I returned to pass the night in the fleet, for until the road should be open and known, and its distance, I did not care to land my artillery, as I had so few men. Besides those who were clearing the path, I had no men to fire the artillery. Immediately on the following day I continued my plans in the same order. As one of my legs pained me, because of a fall backward two days previously down the hatchway of the galley—and by good luck I did not break my neck—from which I am still suffering, I did not go ashore. Also, I thought that, since the enemy had not attacked us in the most dangerous places, they would not do so in places not to their advantage. Thus the path was cleared, upon this day, without encountering any enemy or sighting their fort. Again the men returned to the fleet for the night. On the third day, as the work of reconnoitering was proceeding, a large ambuscade of Indians attacked us in the open near a palm-grove. As was learned later, they numbered about two thousand. They attacked us with the greatest fury and determination, in small bodies of skilful troops. As the soldiers were ordered immediately to form their square, when the enemy arrived in front of it, and saw it so well ordered and bristling with halberds, they did not dare to break it, but turned and fled. In the assault five of their men were killed with arquebus-shots, and several others wounded. Among those killed were two of their bravest and most esteemed men. One was from Terrenate and was a casis who instructed them in


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 their religion. Of a truth, they showed clearly that they were brave; for I do not believe that there are many peoples who would attack with so gallant a determination, when they were armed with nothing but shields and canpilans. They killed five of my Indians who were clearing the path, who did not use good judgment in retiring. This took place quite near their fort. As soon as I was advised of this occurrence, for I had not gone ashore on this day also, I sent at once as many men as possible from the galleys, with axes, shovels, spades, and wicker baskets. I ordered them to entrench themselves in as advanced a position as possible.

''They commenced to attack the fort. The enemy begged for peace on the second day''. The next day I landed my artillery, and went with it to attack the enemy's fort. As the distance was quite great, I moved my entrenchments nearer twice, and with great difficulty, for the enemy never ceased shooting at us. They wounded three gunners and several other men; surely they were very lucky shots. Finally I planted my battery of eight pieces somewhat over one hundred paces from the fort. Although I battered the fort hotly, I could not effect a breach through which to make an assault. All the damage that I did them by day, they repaired by night. Immediately on the following day they began to call from their walls. When I asked them what they wanted they said that they wished to be friends. I was very short of ammunition, for I had only three thousand arquebus-bullets left, and very few cannon-


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 balls; and both would be spent in one day's fighting, during which, should we not gain the fort, we would be lost—and with no power to defend ourselves while withdrawing our artillery and camp. At the same time, I reconnoitered the fort and its situation, for it is located at the entrance of a lagoon, thus having only water at the back, and swampy and marshy ground at the sides. It has a frontage of more than one thousand paces, is furnished with very good transversals, and is well supplied with artillery and arquebuses. Moreover, it has a ditch of water more than four brazas wide and two deep, and thus there was a space of dry ground of only fifteen paces where it was possible to attack; and this space was bravely defended, and with the greatest force of the enemy. The inner parts were water, where they sailed in vessels, while we had no footing at all. Again, I reflected that those who had awaited us so long, had waited with the determination to die in defense of the fort; and if they should see the contest ending unfavorably for them, no one would prevent their flight. Further, if they awaited the assault it would cost me the greater part of my remaining ammunition, and my best men; while, if the enemy fled, nothing would be accomplished, but on the contrary a long, tedious, and costly war would be entered upon. Hence, with the opinion and advice of the captains I negotiated for peace; and told them that I would admit them to friendship under the following conditions:

First, that first and foremost, they must offer homage to his Majesty, and pay something as recognition.

Obligation to return their prisoners to his Maj-


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 (which, of a truth, your Lordship may regard as most felicitous and of great importance, and as the beginning of much good), I retired to my fleet. Next day the chiefs came to the river-bank, and I made them friends with Danganlibor and Lumaquan, and they embraced each other. Some of them boarded the galleys, and began thus to lose their fear gradually. Already some of the chiefs have started to go to their villages, and have collected their people in order to settle them. I hope, God willing, that everything will assume a settled and quiet condition. And albeit that my toil and my service rendered to your Lordship in this affair do not equal my desire, still your Lordship can represent it to his Majesty as one of the greatest that have been rendered in these islands. I am not going to leave them; so, when any greater opportunity arises, your Lordship may entrust it to me. I assert that if this occasion had not had the almost unexpected favorable ending, and if our Lord had not evidently been pleased to lend His aid, your Lordship would suffer great anxiety and all the islands would be in great straits; for, with the alliance that they had formed with Terrenate, there would be no safety in the entire district.

[The victorious troops were in the greatest need. There were many messes of four or five with only one shirt among them, which they wore by turns. There was only ammunition enough for two hours. There was only rice enough to allow fifteen gantas a month to Spaniards and ten to Indians; and even this ration would only last till the end of August. They had no meat or fish. Ronquillo had "set a dragnet," and taken the rice of all the people within reach, beginning with himself. Then he sent out officers in fra-


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 esty. That all the natives who had been taken from the Pintados Islands last year, must be restored.

To break friendship with Terrenate. That they must break the peace and confederation made with the people of Terrenate, and must not admit the latter into their country.

Friendship with those who were friends formerly. That they must be friends with Danganlibor and Lumaquan, chiefs of this island, who have rendered homage to his Majesty; and must not make war on any of their vassals.

That all the chiefs must go to live in their old villages.

They accepted all the conditions, and Raxa Mura, Sala, Silonga, and the other chiefs swore to keep the peace on these conditions, and paid homage to his Majesty, paying a certain sum in gold as recognition. Inasmuch as they had taken the Vizcayans whom they had enslaved to a great distance, so that they should not escape, they paid another like sum of gold as pledges that they would deliver them to the Spaniards. As the friendly Indians said that the end for which I was making peace was, under pretext of it, to seize the chief men and hang them and separate them from the others, the chiefs did not venture to come immediately. However, they said that when they should ascertain our treaty, and if our purpose was not as aforesaid, they would come. Although such a thing had not even entered my mind, as I shall not make any promises in his Majesty's name that cannot be fulfilled, it was true that the friendly Indians said it; for they wished to break the peace, in order to see if they could not rob these people at our cost.

After making this treaty and securing this result


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 gatas to search for rice, giving them four hundred pesos for the purpose, and directing them to pay as long as the money lasted, and then to take provisions in any way in which they could get them. They were, if necessary, to use force to obtain supplies from encomenderos or Indians, for their pay giving them orders on the charges of the land (situado), or the tribute, or to be paid when possible. As for the other parts of the island, the very chiefs were perishing of hunger, because of the war, and came daily to beg for rice. This they received, in order that they might be bound to the Spaniards. Accordingly Ronquillo asks for assistance and supplies from Manila until the stress should be over in Mindanao. He gives honorable mention to his officers and troops, many of whom were wounded. He looks forward to great difficulties as soon as any attempt shall be made to collect tributes. The leading chiefs collect tribute from their vassals; and the only demand hitherto has been for open friendship and the recognition of the sovereignty of Spain. If these men—Raxa Mura, Sala, Silonga, and Lumaquan—are now told that they must not collect tribute, but that all the tribute must be paid to his Majesty and to individuals, "it will be a very bitter draught for them to swallow." These Indians, Ronquillo says, are not like those in Luzon, but are accustomed to power and sovereignty. Some collect five or six thousand tributes. If the tributes are to be collected, two hundred more soldiers and a large quantity of ammunition will be necessary, or much additional time. The troops have not been paid what Figueroa owed them; and it is plain that no profit is to be expected in the island for a long time to come. When it does come, the encomenderos,


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 the sargento-mayor, and on his first sight of it was so discontented that for no other reason, he turned his back upon it, and was in so great a hurry to return that he declared that if a vessel were not given him immediately in which to leave, he would swim away. He went away speaking ill of this place, and has caused great annoyance and wrong to these poor soldiers. If a religious who ought to be happy with a hard life, and who ought to seek hardships in which to serve God better, refused those which might be offered him here, the soldiers, who are less perfect and less filled with God, will do but little. Father Juan de Sanlucar asked me for leave likewise to go there with this vessel, in order to go to get a companion, as he could not stay here alone. I did not grant it him. If the fathers of the Society are to have this place in charge, it will be right for them to send religious. If not, then they should say so, and your Lordship should request the ecclesiastical government to provide ministers. The one here at present has labored to our great approbation and has set a good example. But he is greatly grieved at being alone, and he is not without reason, for he has no one to whom to make his confession.

The ration given to these people is so small that it can only be endured in times of great stress. Indeed it is doubtful whether a Spaniard could live on only one-half ganta of rice, without anything else; and even the Indian is unable to do so without having some fish with it. For the future we need abundance of provisions; for, as I have noted, we cannot expect this land to furnish them, because it does not have


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 be not too great, I shall settle on the site where I am now established, which is in a very good position, and here I shall await your Lordship's decision.

''That the Indians are warlike and have fortified themselves, with their forces now there, and others that they will collect, when the proposal is made that they must pay tribute. Hence, reënforcements of soldiers, ammunition and food are necessary, and time''. Although things have so fortunate a beginning as I have related, it is by way of peace. All the chiefs retain their full complements of artillery and arquebuses, so that, whenever they wish to defend themselves, they may do so. Beyond any doubt, on the day that tribute is demanded from them, not only our new friends, but Danganlibor and Lumaquan as well, who rendered homage of their own free will, will rebel. For the speedy subjection of them all, we need a large force. Hence I repeat to your Lordship, in order that you may not be deceived by certain opinions of persons who have not seen this region for many years—for it is not as of yore, and they did not know it, and the inhabitants are Indians only in name—that a great force of soldiers is needed, as well as ammunition, in order to make them pay tribute. This matter is of prime importance. I would not be complying with my obligation unless I entreated your Lordship to consider this matter deeply. You should consider whether this enterprise must be given up or sustained, for it is very costly, and we must not allow odds to be taken of us when we have our best opportunity. Thus I think that we can finish this matter at one time, and that your Lordship should send two hundred men in one summer. With this number we can overrun all districts, take away the natives' artil-


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 who have fraudulently remained at leisure in Manila, will get it. Hence the soldiers have petitioned that the property of Figueroa in the island be sold and the proceeds applied to their payment. Fourteen hundred pesos of worked silver was sold; and the soldiers received six pesos each. The captains also asked and received some compensation. The discontent was so great that Ronquillo declares that no resolution can command men so ragged and starving, penniless and unpaid; and that they are already saying that they cannot eat good words. He concludes this section by asking for twenty thousand pesos and eight hundred Indian rowers, and for some exchanges of his men.]

That the country is not such as it has been painted, and not so excellent as has been reported. Hitherto it has not been possible to tell your Lordship anything certain of this country, except that it will be of but little advantage to his Majesty, but a source of great expense. It has far fewer inhabitants than was reported, and all are very poor, so that their breakfast consists only in cleaning their arms, and their work in using them, and not in cultivating the land, which is low and swampy in this river. There is no chief who can raise twenty taes of gold. Rice is very scarce; in the tingues is found a small amount, which is used for food by the chiefs only. They are some swine, and a few fowls that are very cunning, and less fruit. It abounds in fish in some districts, but this river contains only eels. They are as good as those of España. They are not found all the year round, but only during the rainy season. The climate does not differ much from that there. It has very dense fogs. I have been unable to make a complete map of the island. I am sending your Lordship only that


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 of this river, made with exactness, with all its arms and estuaries, and their settlements. The arithmetical symbols represent the number of people in each, and the letters the names of the chiefs. I have corrected it with all care. We have already examined almost everything from the coast of La Canela, Dapitan, and Botran [Butúan?]. There is a full report there which may be filed with this map.

The island of Matheo is excellent, and a better expedition could be made there. Concerning the island of Matheo, I have been able to learn from men who have been there that it is very fertile, thickly populated, and rich in food products, including rice. The inhabitants are not very warlike. Would to God that your Lordship had expended there what was left here, for with less effort we would have gained more. Terrenate has some dealings with this island. [I say this] in case anything is to be done before it has more. Of Maluco I have not ascertained anything new, except that things are in their usual condition.

''He has not effected a settlement, as he has not found a convenient site. He is awaiting the pleasure of your Lordship, and [a more favorable] season''. As yet I have not effected any settlement, as I have not found a suitable and convenient location for it, for all the river above is swampy; and, if we were to look for dry land along its course, it is so far away that it would take a week to reach it from the mouth of the river. Although beyond this river, toward La Canela, there is a good place for a settlement, yet it is not advisable to leave this river now until matters are more settled and quiet. This river is the residence of the chief men of the island. Accordingly I shall wait the result of this rainy season; and if the discomfort


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 lery, and collect tribute. This manner of proceeding would be very economical.

All the men, counting those maimed, number two hundred and sixty. The number of men that I found in this island and those who should be brought from Zibu fell far short of what I expected. All that I could gather together—gunners, sailors, and maimed men—do not number more than two hundred and sixty-four men. Some of them have died. I am sending there the crippled and maimed, who are useless, so that I shall have left in this river a trifle above two hundred men, many of whom are sick, because of past hardships and their wretched existence.

That medicines and delicacies be provided. The master-of-camp is sick, and I fear lest, with the advance of the rainy season, the sickness will continue to increase; for it cannot be alleviated by medicines and delicacies, because we have none. This is a great pity. I entreat your Lordship to have medicines and some delicacies provided for the sick, and clothing for the hospital.

That religious are not going there to furnish instruction. Father Chirinos came to this island with


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Lonesome

 * "Lonesome" (1913, "Mother 's gone a-visitin' to spend a month er two"), a poem by Paul Laurence Dunbar
 * Lonesome (1928), a part-talkie comedy-drama film directed by Paul Fejos
 * "Lonesome" (1928), a song originally written as a closing theme for the film

 * "Lonesome" (1923), a short story by Raymond S. Spears

title: Lonesome


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text:
Lonesome (song)

Film appearances

 * "Lonesome" (1928), the original—the closing theme for the film Lonesome

Records

 * , performed by Danny Meyers

title: Lonesome (song)


text:
Author:Joseph Cherniavsky

Compositions

 * "Lonesome" (1928)

title: Author:Joseph Cherniavsky


text:
Author:Herman Ruby

Lyrics

 * "Lonesome" (1928), with Dave Dreyer

title: Author:Herman Ruby


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Page:A SEA Dyak Dictionary in alphabetical parts, with examples and quotations shewing the use and meaning of words.pdf/13

Aba (v. f. ngaba), s. A pleasant or unpleasant smell, v. to smell pleasantly or the reverse. Nyampau aba indu nya mansa. What a perfume that woman who passed uses. Ngaba amai bau bungai nya. That flower gives forth an overpowering perfume.

Abab (beabab or babab), sireh. Aku minta abab. I want some sireh.

Abah (v. f. ngabah), s. A gap cut in the stem of a tree when felling it, v. to cut such a gap. Iya ngabah ka dulu lagi aku nimbal. He first of all cuts a gap on one side, presently I cut one on the other.

Abang (Bugan), a. Term of endearment used to a boy; a proper name, m.

Abar, or Abar-abar To check with the paddle a boat whilst under way.

Abar-abar dulu! I Hold her up! (A common expression from a steersman when unable to see a clear passage for his boat).

Abas (v. f. ngabas; beabas or babas), s. Examination, judgment, v. to judge, examine, reconnoitre. Abas iya agi mekang. His examination is not thorough. Aku ka ngabas munsoh enti nyau angkat. I will reconnoitre the enemy (and see) if they have moved.

Abau (v. f. ngabau; beabau or babau), s. A fish trap with the entrance set up stream, v. to make a fish trap. Penoh abau olih ikan. The trap is full of fish. Sida nyau ngabau pagi tadi. They have gone to make the fish trap this morning.

Abi (v. f. ngabi; beabi or babi), s. A wound, mark, spot, flaw, space, v. to wound, mark. Abi ukir iya nyamai ditunda. His carving marks are pleasant (or easy) to follow. Abi pangka nitar. The mark made by a flash of lightning. Ka abi rumah anang meda enggaika ngumbai ngiga serenti jani. To the space under the house do not look lest they should think you seek a pig’s tusk. Aku ti ngabi jani nya. It was I who wounded that pig.

Abis, or ambis (v. f. ngabis, ngambis; beabis or babis, beambis or bambis), adj. Everyone, the whole, v. to finish. Abis tindok sida. All of them are asleep. Uji ngabis ka asi nya. Try and finish up that cooked rice. Ambiska jako nuan. Finish your speech.

Abit (v. f. ngabit; beabit or babit}, s. The sweet juice obtained from the blossom of the nipa palm, toddy, v. to procure this. Ai abit in masam bendar. This toddy is very sour. Dini nuan ngabit ai abit tn bangat manis '!■ Where did you procure this very sweet toddy?

Abok (beabok or babok), Usually buah abok, the sweet potato. (Convolvulus Batatas. Malay kribang). Perga abok sa sen sa kati. The price of sweet potatoes is a cent a katty.

Abok (v.f. ngabok; beabok or babok}, s. The remainder of any plant or shrub that can be used or worked again, v. to work again the remainder of a plant, etc. Sida nyau ngabok kubal sida kamari. They went yesterday to work again the remainder of the rubber plants.

Abol (v. f. ngabol; beabol or babul}, s. A float, buoy, raft, v. to float. Abol tras tn enggau kayu nyelutong nya. Float this bilian with that nyelutong tree. tn tan enggau ngabol ka ma kitai. This plai wood will be able to float our baggage.

Abu blap, Conjuring, tricks with cards.

Abur, A state of panic, desolation or confusion resulting from war. (The Undup Dyaks use rebur}. Menoa nyau abur. The country is desolate.

Abus (beabui or babus), Ashes. Anubis terbai abus laban ribut. All the ashes are flying because of the wind.

Achak, Deaf. Achak pending nuan. You are deaf. Achak bendar iya nya. He is very deaf.

Achang (beachang or bachang), The domestic pigeon ; a proper name, m,

Achap (v. f. ngachap}, To flood.

Achar (v. f. ngachar}, s. Spoon bait, v. to use the same. Uji achar ikan nya. Try and catch that fish with artificial bait.

Achir (v. f. ngachir}, To walk or speak hastily and carelessly, scatter. Kerja achir. Careless work.

Achok (v. f. ngachok; beachok or bachok), To thrust, pierce, incite. Achok iya enggau sangko. Pierce him with a spear. Achok iya enda ngena. His attempt to pierce it failed. Zp-z ngachok aku. belaya. He incited me to quarrel.

Achu (v. f. ngachu; beachu or bachu}, s. Provocation, v. to incite, provoke, set on, interfere with in order to commence a quarrel. Achu iya bangat merausang ati aku. His provocation incited me very much, Iya ngachu all aku. He provoked me.

Ada (v. f. ngada; berada}, Born, to be born, give birth, supply. Iya ngada ka anak tengah malam. She gave birth at midnight. Iya ngada ka pemakai aku. He supplies my food.


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252

“Bridegroom, dearest of my brothers,

Wait a week, and yet another;

For thy loved one is not ready,

And her toilet is not finished.

Only half her hair is plaited,

And a half is still unplaited.

“Bridegroom, dearest of my brothers,

Wait a week, and yet another,

For thy loved one is not ready,

And her toilet is not finished;

One sleeve only is adjusted,

And unfitted still the other.

“Bridegroom, dearest of my brothers,

Wait a week, and yet another,

For thy loved one is not ready,

And her toilet is not finished.

For one foot is shod already,

But unshod remains the other.

“Bridegroom, dearest of my brothers,

Wait a week, and yet another,

For thy loved one is not ready,

And her toilet is not finished.

For one hand is gloved already,

And ungloved is still the other.

“Bridegroom, dearest of my brothers,

Thou hast waited long unwearied;

For thy love at length is ready,

And thy duck has made her toilet.

“ Go thou forth. O plighted maiden,

Follow thou, O dove new-purchased!

Near to thee is now thy union,

Nearer still is thy departure,

He who leads thee forth is with thee,

At the door is thy conductor,

And his horse the bit is champing,

And his sledge awaits the maiden.

“Thou wast fond of bridegroom’s money

Reaching forth thy hands most greedy

Glad to take the chain he offered,

And to fit the rings upon thee.

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Runo XXII]

Now the longed-for sledge is ready,

Eager mount the sledge so gaudy,

Travel quickly to the village,

Quickly speeding on thy journey.

“Hast thou never, youthful maiden,

On both sides surveyed the question,

Looked beyond the present moment,

When the bargain was concluded?

All thy life must thou be weeping,

And for many years lamenting,

How thou left’st thy father’s household,

And thy native land abandoned,

From beside thy tender mother,

From the home of she who bore thee.

“O the happy life thou leddest,

In this household of thy father!

Like a wayside flower thou grewest,

Or upon the heath a strawberry,

Waking up to feast on butter,

Milk, when from thy bed arising,

Wheaten-bread, from couch upstanding,

From thy straw, the fresh-made butter,

Or, if thou could eat no butter,

Strips of pork thou then could’st cut thee.

“Never yet wast thou in trouble,

Never hadst thou cause to worry,

To the fir-trees tossed thou trouble,

Worry to the stumps abandoned,

Care to pine-trees in the marshlands,

And upon the heaths the birch-trees.

Like a leaflet thou wast fluttering,

As a butterfly wast fluttering,

Berry-like in native soil,

Or on open ground a raspberry.

“But thy home thou now art leaving,

To another home thou goest,

To another mother’s orders,

To the household of a stranger.

Different there from here thou’lt find it

In another house ’tis different;

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 all that has been said upon straight lines in sundry pages of my book—I defy the best cabbage planter that ever existed, whether he plants backwards or forwards, it makes little difference in the account (except that he will have more to answer for in the one case than in the other)—I defy him to go on cooly, critically, and canonically, planting his cabbages one by one, in straight lines, and stoical distances, especially if flits in petticoats are unsew'd up—without ever and anon straddling out, or sidling into some bastardly digression—In Freeze-land, Fog-land and some other lands I wot of—it may be done

But in this clear climate of fantasy and perspiration, where every idea,


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254

Other tunes the horns are blowing,

Other doors thou hearest jarring,

Other gates thou hearest creaking,

Other voices at the fishlines.

“There the doors thou hardly findest,

Strange unto thee are the gateways,

Not like household daughter art thou,

May not dare to blow the fire,

Nor the stove canst rightly heaten,

So that thou canst please the master.

“Didst thou think, O youthful maiden,

Didst thou think, or didst imagine,

Only for a night to wander,

In the morn again returning?

’Tis not for one night thou goest,

Not for one night, not for two nights,

For a longer time thou goest.

Thou for months and days hast vanished,

Lifelong from thy father’s dwelling,

For the lifetime of thy mother,

And the yard will then be longer,

And the threshold lifted higher,

If again thou ever comest,

To thy former home returning.”

Now the hapless girl was sighing,

Piteously she sighed and panted,

And her heart was filled with trouble,

In her eyes the tears were standing,

And at length she spoke as follows:

“Thus I thought, and thus imagined,

And throughout my life imagined,

Said throughout my years of childhood,

Thou art not as maid a lady

In the wardship of thy parents,

In the meadows of thy father,

In thy aged mother’s dwelling.

Thou wilt only be a lady

When thy husband’s home thou seekest,

Resting one foot on the threshold,

In his sledge the other placing,

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text:
Page:Kalevala (Kirby 1907) v1.djvu/275

Runo XXII]

Then thy head thou liftest higher,

And thy ears thou liftest higher.

“This throughout my life I wished for,

All my youthful days I hoped for,

And throughout the year I wished it,

Like the coming of the summer.

Now my hope has found fulfilment;

Near the time of my departure;

One foot resting on the threshold,

In my husband’s sledge the other,

But I do not yet know rightly,

If my mind has not been altered.

Not with joyful thoughts I wander

Nor do I depart with pleasure

From the golden home beloved,

Where I passed my life in childhood,

Where I passed my days of girlhood,

Where my father lived before me.

Sadly I depart in sorrow,

Forth I go, most sadly longing,

As into the night of autumn,

As on slippery ice in springtime,

When on ice no track remaineth,

On its smoothness rests no footprint.

“What may be the thoughts of others,

And of other brides the feelings?

Do not other brides encounter,

Bear within their hearts the trouble,

Such as I, unhappy, carry?

Blackest trouble rests upon me,

Black as coal my heart within me,

Coal-black trouble weighs upon me.

“Such the feelings of the blessed,

Such the feelings of the happy;

As the spring day at its dawning,

Or the sunny spring-day morning;

But what thoughts do now torment me,

And what thoughts arise within me?

Like unto a pond’s flat margin,

Or of clouds the murky border;

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text:
Category:Taglish

Works that use code-switching between Tagalog and English.

title: Category:Taglish


text:
Category:User tl-2

Users in this category indicate they have skill level 2 for language Tagalog.

title: Category:User tl-2


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Page:Kalevala (Kirby 1907) v1.djvu/276

256

Like the gloomy nights of autumn,

Or the dusky day of winter,

Or, as I might better say it,

Darker than the nights of autumn!”

Then an old crone of the household,

In the house for long abiding,

Answered in the words which follow:

“Quiet, quiet, youthful maiden!

Dost remember, how I told thee,

And a hundred times repeated,

Take no pleasure in a lover,

In a lover’s mouth rejoice not,

Do not let his eyes bewitch thee,

Nor his handsome feet admire?

Though his mouth speaks charming converse,

And his eyes are fair to gaze on,

Yet upon his chin is Lempo;

In his mouth there lurks destruction.

“Thus I always counsel maidens,

And to all their kind I counsel,

Though great people come as suitors,

Mighty men should come as wooers,

Yet return them all this answer;

And on thy side speak unto them,

In such words as these address them,

And in thiswise speak unto them:

‘Not the least would it beseem me,

Not beseem me, or become me,

As a daughter-in-law to yield me,

As a slave to yield my freedom.

Such a pretty girl as I am,

Suits it not to live as slave-girl,

To depart consent I never,

To submit to rule of others.

If another word you utter,

I will give you two in answer,

If you by my hair would pull me,

And you by my locks would drag me,

From my hair I’d quickly shake you,

From my locks dishevelled drive you.’

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Page:Kalevala (Kirby 1907) v1.djvu/277

Runo XXII]

“But to this thou hast not hearkened,

To my words thou hast not listened,

Wilfully thou sought’st the fire,

In the boiling tar hast cast thee.

Now the fox’s sledge awaits thee,

To the bear’s hug art thou going,

And the fox’s sledge will take thee,

Far away the bear convey thee,

Ever slave to other masters,

Ever slave of husband’s mother.

“From thy home to school thou goest,

From thy father’s house to suffering.

Hard the school to which thou goest,

Long the pain to which thou goest.

Reins for thee are bought already,

Iron fetters all in order,

Not for others are they destined,

But alas, for thee, unhappy.

“Shortly wilt thou feel their harshness,

Helpless feel, and unprotected,

For the father’s chin is wagging,

And the mother’s tongue is stormy;

And the brother’s words are coldness,

And the sister’s harsh reproaches.

“Hear, O maiden, what I tell thee,

What I speak, and what I tell thee,

In thy home thou wast a floweret,

And the joy of father’s household,

And thy father called thee Moonlight,

And thy mother called thee Sunshine,

And thy brother Sparkling Water,

And thy sister called thee Blue-cloth.

To another home thou goest,

There to find a stranger mother.

Never is a stranger mother

Like the mother who has borne thee:

Seldom does she give good counsel,

Seldom gives the right instructions.

Sprig the father shouts against thee,

Slut the mother calls unto thee,

Rh

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258

And the brother calls thee Doorstep,

And the sister, Nasty Creature.

“Now the best that could await thee,

Best the fate that could await thee,

If as fog thou wert dispersing,

From the house like smoke departing,

Blown like leaf away that flutters,

As a spark away is drifted.

“But a bird that flies thou art not,

Nor a leaf away that flutters,

Nor a spark in drafts that’s drifting,

Nor the smoke from house ascending.

“Lack-a-day, O maid, my sister!

Changed hast thou, and what art changing!

Thou hast changed thy much-loved father

For a father-in-law, a bad one;

Thou hast changed thy tender mother

For a mother-in-law most stringent;

Thou hast changed thy noble brother

For a brother-in-law so crook-necked,

And exchanged thy gentle sister

For a sister-in-law all cross-eyed;

And hast changed thy couch of linen

For a sooty hearth to rest on;

And exchanged the clearest water

For the muddy margin-water,

And the sandy shore hast bartered

For the black mud at the bottom:

And thy pleasant meadow bartered

For a dreary waste of heathland;

And thy hills of berries bartered

For the hard stumps of a clearing.

“Didst thou think, O youthful maiden,

Think, O dove, full-fledged at present,

Care would end and toil be lessened,

With the party of this evening,

When to rest thou shalt betake thee,

And to sleep thou art conducted?

“But to rest they will not lead thee,

Nor to sleep will they conduct thee;

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Page:Kalevala (Kirby 1907) v1.djvu/279

Runo XXII]

Nought awaits thee now but watching,

Nought awaits thee now save trouble,

Heavy thoughts will come upon thethee [sic],

Saddened thoughts will overwhelm thee.

“Long as thou didst wear no head-dress,

Wert thou also free from trouble;

When no linen veil waved round thee,

Thou wast also free from sorrow.

Now the head-dress brings thee trouble,

Heavy thoughts the linen fabric,

And the linen veil brings sorrow,

And the flax brings endless trouble.

“How may live at home a maiden?

Maid in father’s house abiding;

Like a monarch in his palace,

Only that the sword is wanting.

But a son’s wife’s fate is dismal!

With her husband she is living

As a prisoner lives in Russia,

Only that the jailor’s wanting.

“Work she must in working season,

And her shoulders stoop with weakness,

And her body faints with weakness,

And with sweat her face is shining.

Then there comes another hour

When there’s need to make the fire,

And to put the hearth in order,

She must force her hands to do it.

“Long must seek, this girl unhappy,

Long the hapless one must seek for,

Salmon’s mind, and tongue of perchling,

And her thoughts from perch in fishpond,

Mouth of bream, of chub the belly,

And from water-hen learn wisdom.

“’Tis beyond my comprehension,

Nine times can I not imagine,

To the mother’s much-loved daughters,

Best beloved of all her treasures,

Whence should come to them the spoiler,

Where the greedy one was nurtured,

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Page:Annals of Augusta County.djvu/118

Before the departure of Dinwiddle, the Earl of Loudoun, commander-in-chief of British forces in America, was commissioned Governor of Virginia, but it is believed he never visited the colony. Francis Fauquier was afterwards appointed, and arrived in June, 1758, the duties of the office being discharged in the meanwhile by John Blair, President of the Council.

It is stated that in the early part of 1758 sixty persons were murdered by Indians in Augusta county, but exactly where and when we are not told.—[Campbell's History of Virginia, page 500.] Possibly the allusion is to the massacre at Seybert's fort.

This fort was in the northern part of the present county of Highland, then Augusta. There the inhabitants of the surrounding country had taken shelter from the Indians. Between thirty and forty persons of both sexes and all ages were in the enclosure. No Indians having yet appeared, a youth named James Dyer and his sister went outside one day for some purpose, and had not proceeded far before they came in view of forty or fifty Shawnees going towards the fort. Hurrying back to provide for their own safety and give the alarm, they were overtaken and captured. The place was incapable of withstanding a vigorous assault, and the garrison was poorly supplied with ammunition. Captain Seybert, therefore, determined to surrender, and did so in spite of the opposition of some of the people. The gate was thrown open, and the money and other stipulated articles were handed over to the Indians. Thereupon, one of the most ruthless tragedies of Indian warfare was perpetrated. The inmates of the fort were arranged in two rows and

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260

Eating flesh, and bones devouring,

To the wind their hair abandoning,

And their tresses wildly tossing,

To the wind of springtime gives them.

“Weep thou, weep thou, youthful maiden,

When thou weepest, weep thou sorely.

Weep thyself of tears a handful,

Fill thy fists with tears of longing,

Drop them in thy father’s dwelling,

Pools of tears upon the flooring,

Till the room itself is flooded,

And above the floor in billows!

If thou weepest yet not freely

Thou shalt weep when thou returnest,

When to father’s house thou comest.

And shalt find thy aged father

Suffocated in the bathroom,

’Neath his arm a dried-up bath-whisk.

“Weep thou, weep thou, youthful maiden,

When thou weepest, weep thou sorely;

If thou weepest not yet freely,

Thou shalt weep when thou returnest,

When to mother’s house thou comest,

And thou find’st thy aged mother

Suffocated in the cowshed,

In her dying lap a straw-sheaf.

“Weep thou, weep thou, youthful maiden,

When thou weepest, weep thou sorely.

If thou weepest yet not freely,

Thou shalt weep when thou returnest,

When to this same house thou comest,

And thou find’st thy rosy brother

Fallen in the porch before it,

In the courtyard helpless fallen.

“Weep thou, weep thou, youthful maiden,

When thou weepest, weep thou sorely.

If thou weepest yet not freely,

Thou shalt weep when thou returnest,

When to this same house thou comest,

And thou find’st thy gentle sister

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Page:Kalevala (Kirby 1907) v1.djvu/281

Runo XXII]

Fallen down upon the pathway,

And beneath her arm a mallet.”

Then the poor girl broke out sobbing,

And awhile she sobbed and panted,

And she soon commenced her weeping,

Pouring forth her tears in torrents.

Then she wept of tears a handful,

Filled her fists with tears of longing,

Wet she wept her father’s dwelling,

Pools of tears upon the flooring,

And she spoke the words which follow,

And expressed herself in thiswise:

“O my sisters, dearest to me,

Of my life the dear companions,

All companions of my childhood,

Listen now to what I tell you.

’Tis beyond my comprehension

Why I feel such deep oppression,

Making now my life so heavy,

Why this trouble weighs upon me,

Why this darkness rests upon me;

How I should express my sorrow.

“Otherwise I thought and fancied,

Wished it different, all my lifetime,

Thought to go as goes the cuckoo,

Crying ‘Cuckoo ’ from the hill-tops,

Now the day I have attained to,

Come the time that I had wished for;

But I go not like the cuckoo.

Crying ‘Cuckoo’ from the hill-tops,

More as duck amid the billows,

On the wide bay’s open waters,

Swimming in the freezing water,

Shivering in the icy water.

“Woe, my father and my mother,

Woe, alas, my aged parents!

Whither would you now dismiss me,

Drive a wretched maid to sorrow,

Make me thus to weep for sorrow,

Overburdened thus with trouble,

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262

With distress so heavy-burdened,

And with care so overloaded?

“Better, O unhappy mother,

Better, dearest who hast borne me,

O thou dear one, who hast suckled,

Nurtured me throughout my lifetime,

Hadst thou swaddled up a tree-stump,

And hadst bathed a little pebble,

Rather than have washed thy daughter,

And have swaddled up thy darling,

For this time of great affliction,

And of this so grievous sorrow.

“Many speak unto me elsewise,

Many counsel me in thiswise:

‘Do not, fool, give way to sorrow,

Let not gloomy thoughts oppress thee.’

Do not, O ye noble people,

Do not speak to me in thiswise!

Far more troubles weigh upon me,

Than in a cascade are pebbles,

Than in swampy ground the willows,

Or the heath upon the marshland.

Never can a horse pull forward,

And a shod horse struggle onward,

And the sledge sway not behind him,

And the collar shall not tremble.

Even thus I feel my trouble,

And oppressed by dark forebodings.”

From the floor there sang an infant,

From the hearth a growing infant.

“Wherefore dost thou weep, O maiden,

Yielding to such grievous sorrow?

Cast thy troubles to the horses,

Sorrow to the sable gelding.

Leave complaints to mouths of iron.

Lamentations to the thick-heads,

Better heads indeed have horses,

Better heads, and bones much harder,

For their arching necks are firmer,

All their frame is greatly stronger.

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Page:Kalevala (Kirby 1907) v1.djvu/283

Runo XXII]

“No, thou hast no cause for weeping,

Nor to yield to grievous sorrow;

To the marsh they do not lead thee,

Push thee not into the ditches.

Leavest thou these fertile cornfields,

Yet to richer fields thou goest,

Though they take thee from the brewery,

Tis to where the ale’s abundant.

“If around thee now thou gazest,

Just beside thee where thou standest,

There thy bridegroom stands to guard thee,

By thy side thy ruddy husband.

Good thy husband, good his horses,

All things needful fill his cellars,

And the grouse are loudly chirping,

On the sledge, as glides it onwards,

And the thrushes make rejoicing,

As they sing upon the traces,

And six golden cuckoos likewise

Flutter on the horse’s collar,

Seven blue birds are also perching,

On the sledge’s frame, and singing.

“Do not yield thee thus to trouble,

O thou darling of thy mother!

For no evil fate awaits thee,

But in better case thou comest,

Sitting by thy farmer husband,

Underneath the ploughman’s mantle,

’Neath the chin of the bread-winner,

In the arms of skilful fisher,

Warm from chasing elk on snowshoes,

And from bathing after bear-hunt.

“Thou hast found the best of husbands,

And hast won a mighty hero,

For his bow is never idle,

Neither on the pegs his quivers;

And the dogs in house he leaves not,

Nor in hay lets rest the puppies.

“Three times in this spring already,

In the earliest hours of morning,

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Page:Fisheries Protection Ordinance, 1962 (Cap. 171).pdf/1

Rh FISHERIES PROTECTION ORDINANCE, 1962.

ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS.


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264

Has he stood before the fire,

Rising from his couch of bushes;

Three times in this spring already

On his eyes the dew has fallen,

And the shoots of pine-trees combed him,

And the branches brushed against him.

“All his people he exhorted,

To increase his flocks in number,

For indeed the bridegroom owneth

Flocks that wander through the birchwoods,

Tramp their way among the sand-hills,

Seek for pasture in the valleys;

Hundreds of the horned cattle,

Thousands with their well-filled udders;

On the plains are stacks in plenty,

In the valley crops abundant,

Alder-woods for cornland suited,

Meadows where the barley’s springing,

Stony land for oats that’s suited,

Watered regions, fit for wheatfields.

All rich gifts in peace await thee,

Pennies plentiful as pebbles.”

the girl must be instructed,

And the bride be taught her duty,

Who shall now instruct the maiden,

And shall teach the girl her duty?

Osmotar, experienced woman,

Kaleva’s most beauteous maiden;

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Page:Fisheries Protection Ordinance, 1962 (Cap. 171).pdf/2

182

HONG KONG

Rh

An Ordinance to promote the conservation of fish and other forms of aquatic life within the waters of the Colony and to regulate fishing practices and to prevent activities detrimental to the fishing industry. [12th October, 1962.] it enacted by the Governor of Hong Kong, with the advice and consent of the Legislative Council thereof, as follows—

1. This Ordinance may be cited as the Fisheries Protection Ordinance, 1962.

2. In this Ordinance, unless the context otherwise requires—

“Commissioner” means the Commissioner for Co-operative Development and Fisheries:

“fish” includes all forms of aquatic life and turtles;

“fisheries inspector” means an officer appointed under section 3;

“fishing” includes the capture of fish;

“research officer” includes any senior research officer or assistant research officer of the Department of Co-operative Development and Fisheries;

“toxic substance” means a substance specified in the Schedule;

“vessel” means any vessel used for fishing, and any junk,, craft or boat.

3. (1) The Governor may appoint in writing by name or office any public officer to be a fisheries inspector.

(2) Appointment made under this section may be made to give effect to the purposes of this Ordinance generally or may be limited to such purposes as may be specified in the appointment.

4. (1) The Governor in Council may by regulation prescribe provide for—
 * (a) the prohibition or restriction of the use of explosives for the purpose of fishing;


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Page:Fisheries Protection Ordinance, 1962 (Cap. 171).pdf/3

Rh

 * (c) the prohibition or restriction of the taking of any variety of fish, or fish of any size, from the waters of the Colony;
 * (d) the prohibition or restriction of the use of any specified kinds of net or of nets having a mesh of any specified size for the purpose of fishing;
 * (e) the conservation of oysters and oyster beds;
 * (f) the prohibition or restriction of the collection, removal or destruction of any variety of fish spawn or turtle eggs;
 * (g) the protection of spawning areas;
 * (h) generally for the protection or regulation of fishing.

(2) Regulations made under this Ordinance may provide that contravention of any of the provisions of such regulations shall constitute an offence and may prescribe penalties therefor not exceeding five thousand dollars and imprisonment for six months.

5. (1) The Commissioner or any fisheries officer, fisheries inspector or police officer may without warrant—
 * (a) board and search any vessel or any part thereof;
 * (b) seize, remove and retain any fish or other article or thing whether found on board any vessel or in any other place, in respect of which it appears to him that any offence against this Ordinance has been committed or which appears to him to constitute evidence of any such offence having been committed.

(2) The Commissioner or any fisheries officer or any police officer of the rank of inspector and above may enter and search without warrant any premises or place used or reasonably suspected of being used either wholly or in part for the storage of fish in respect of which he has reason to believe an offence against this Ordinance has been committed, or for the storage of any other article or thing capable of being used in the commission of an offence against this Ordinance.

6. (1) Where a magistrate is satisfied that an offence against this Ordinance has been committed in respect of any fish or any other article or thing seized under the provisions of section 5, whether or not any person has been convicted in respect of such offence, the magistrate shall order such fish or other article or thing to be forfeited to the Crown.

(2) Notwithstanding anything contained in subsection (1), where any fish is seized under section 5, the Commissioner or any officer authorized by him in writing in that behalf may cause such fish to be


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184

sold or otherwise disposed of prior to application being made for the forfeiture thereof, and the proceeds thereof retained in lieu, and if in any such case the magistrate, upon such application for forfeiture being made, is not satisfied that an offence against this Ordinance has been committed in respect thereof, upon application made by any person claiming to be the owner of such fish he shall, if he is satisfied as to the validity of the claim, order such proceeds to be paid to the claimant, but where no claim is made or the magistrate is not satisfied as to the validity of any claim, the proceeds shall be paid into the general revenue of the Colony.

(3) For the purposes of this section—

“proceeds” means sale price less any commission or fee payable in respect of such sale.

7. Whenever it is lawful under this Ordinance for the Commissioner or any fisheries officer, fisheries inspector or police officer to seize and retain any fish or other article or thing, it shall be lawful—
 * (a) to seize and retain—
 * (i) any receptacle other than a vessel or vehicle in which such fish or other article or thing is contained;
 * (ii) any machinery other than the propellant machinery of a vessel or vehicle, implement, utensil, material or substance used for the commission of any offence against this Ordinance; and
 * (iii) any books or documents which appear to him to contain evidence that an offence has been or is about to be committed against this Ordinance; and
 * (b) to direct any vessel or vehicle in which any thing referred to in paragraph (a) is seized to proceed to such port or place as may be convenient for unloading from the vessel or vehicle anything seized thereon and may then detain the vessel or vehicle for such time as may reasonably be required to effect the unloading.

8. (1) Any explosive or toxic substance found in the possession or control of any person engaged in fishing or in any vessel or in any premises or place used in whole or in part for the storage of fishing equipment or fish, shall be deemed, until the contrary is proved, to be possessed, stored or used for the purpose of fishing.

(2) The master or other person in charge of any vessel or the person in control of any premises or place used in whole or in part for the storage of fishing equipment or fish in which any explosive or toxic


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Author:Paul Fejos

Director

 * Lonesome (1928)

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Author:Barbara Cloutman Kent

Cast member

 * Flesh and the Devil (1926), as Hertha
 * The Drop Kick (1927), as Cecily
 * Lonesome (1928), as Mary

title: Author:Barbara Cloutman Kent


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Page:Fisheries Protection Ordinance, 1962 (Cap. 171).pdf/5

Rh

substance is found shall be deemed, until the contrary is proved, to be in possession or control of such explosive or toxic substance for the purpose of fishing.

(3) Where any vessel is found to have on board any explosives or toxic substance or any premises or place used in whole or in part for the storage of fishing equipment or fish is found to contain any explosive or toxic substance, any fish found in such vessel, premises or place shall, until the contrary is proved, be deemed to have been captured by means of such explosives or toxic substance.

(4) Where any vessel is found to have on board any fish which has been killed, stupefied or otherwise injured by any explosive or toxic substance, such vessel shall, until the contrary is proved, be deemed to have been used for the capture of such fish by means of explosives or toxic substances.

9. Where in any case the cause of death, injury or stupefaction of any fish is in question, a certificate purporting to be signed by a research officer shall be prima facie evidence in any court as to the cause of death, injury or stupefaction of the fish.

10. The Governor in Council may amend the Schedule by order published in the Gazette. Rh Toxic substance. 1. The residue left after oil has been expressed from tea-seeds, commonly known as Cha Tsai Peng (茶仔餅).

2. The root, or any derivative of the root, of the shrub and, commonly known as Yue Tang (魚藤).

This printed impression has been carefully compared by me with the Bill which passed the Legislative Council on the 10th day of October, 1962, and is found by me to be a true and correctly printed copy of the said Bill.

(Secretariat FIN2755/45)


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text: Fisheries Protection Ordinance, 1962

title: Fisheries Protection Ordinance, 1962


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Author:Glenn Tryon

Cast member

 * Lonesome (1928), as Jim

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Author:Fay MacMurray Holderness

Cast member

 * Lonesome (1928), as "the overdressed woman"

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Author:Tom Reed (1901-1961)

Screenwriter

 * The Phantom of the Opera (1925), with various others
 * Lonesome (1928)

title: Author:Tom Reed (1901-1961)


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text: Lonesome (film)

title: Lonesome (film)


text: Poetical Works of William Cullen Bryant/The Journey of Life


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text: Category:Loneliness

title: Category:Loneliness


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Page:The Music of the Spheres.djvu/194

 lect in great clouds which, when far from the light of stars, are dark. When the accumulating clouds of dust become so heavy that gravitation begins to draw their particles together, heat is generated and the mass begins to glow, although sometimes dark masses, if they are close to stars, will glow with reflected starlight. The gaseous clouds are devoid of solid or liquid matter, and consist, the spectroscope shows, of glowing gases, apparently nebulium and hydrogen. Thus the Nebula of Orion, which is a gaseous nebula, is never spoken of as a "universe," like the Nebula of Andromeda, which may be resolved into stars.

The finest example of an irregular nebula is the Nebula of Orion; of a ring nebula, that found in the constellation of Lyra; and of a spiral nebula, the one found in the constellation of Canes Venatici, just below the handle of the Big Dipper. The spiral of Andromeda, which is turned edgewise to the earth, is the largest nebula in the sky.

Canis Major, the "Great Dog" of Orion, lies in a straight line southeast of his Belt Stars. Canis Minor, his "Small Dog," lies across the Milky Way, 20 degrees northeast of Betelgeuse, the pink star on his shoulder. The three stars form a large and easily traced triangle.

Canis Minor is usually pictured as a Spaniel standing on the bank of the Milky Way and gazing across its river of stars at the giant Orion with his club upraised against the Bull. Although this dog is usually said to be Orion's dog, it is sometimes claimed to be one of Diana's hounds that followed her in the hunt. Other legends claim that Canis Minor was the dog of Icarus who discovered the slaying of his master by the shepherds of Attica and for this was placed among the stars. Procyon, the brightest star

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 in this constellation, is called the "Little Dog's Star." It appears above the eastern horizon on the 23rd of January just after darkness, and shines for about half an hour before Sirius appears upon the scene.

Sirius is the head star of Canis Major and the brightest star in the sky. This dog sits at the feet of Orion watching Lepus, the Hare.

This is the bull that Orion chases backwards across the winter's sky, although only his foremost portion is visible among the stars. The rest of this creature might be imagined as hidden behind a cloud; but no, mythologists say the other half is immersed beneath the waves of the sea. Beneath the waves of the sea! It looks to us as if he were defending himself with considerable gusto

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text:
Index talk:1922 Bretz Notebook.pdf

field notes 1922
https://www.geology.cwu.edu/facstaff/nick/gBRETZ/2024_Steven_Bretz1922Enriched.pdf 1922 had manually been translated (with slight modifications). This might speed up your proofreading. Takingwind (talk) 14:39, 20 January 2024 (UTC)

title: Index talk:1922 Bretz Notebook.pdf


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 against the advance of Orion, for did we not see him clamber backwards up the slope in the east only an hour and a half ahead of the giant who rose with his star club lifted menacingly above his head?

If thus engaged, why was Taurus placed in the sky with a little cross-section of the sea about him? It was quite likely, we find, to preserve a note on the following legend:

Jupiter, the great ruler of Olympus, once changed himself into a snow-white bull. Such baffling disguises were the delight of this god when he had some particular object in view. This particular time he wished to carry off Europa, Princess of Phœnicia. He found the Princess playing in the meadow

and placing himself conspicuously amongst the scenery, he soon caught her attention.

As soon as Europa spied this strange, white, gentle-appearing creature, she ran over to it, caressed it, and finally climbed upon its back. No sooner had she done this, than the bull, gathering the speed of the wind, ran to the sea-shore, plunged into the waves, and swam to the Island of Crete.

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Page:Thomas Patrick Hughes - Notes on Muhammadanism - 2ed. (1877).djvu/84

Rh Amongst the Shíʾahs, we believe, there are still Mujtahidín whose Ijmaʾ is accepted, but the Sunnis have four orthodox schools of interpretation, named after their respective founders, Hanafí, Sháfaʾi, Máliki, and Hambali. The Wahhábis for the most part reject Ijmaʾ collected after the death of "the Companions."

From these remarks, it will be easily understood what a fruitful source of religious dissension and sectarian strife this third foundation of the rule of faith is. Divided as the Christian Church is by its numerous sects, it will compare favourably with Muhammadanism even in this respect. Muhammad, it is related, prophesied that as the Jewish Church had been divided into seventy-one sects! and the Christians into seventy-two! so his followers would be divided into seventy-three sects ; but every Muslim historian is obliged to admit that they have far exceeded the limits of Muhammad's prophecy; for, according to Abdul Qádir Jiláni, there are at least 150.


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(lit. "to compare") is the fourth foundation of Islám, and expresses the analogical reasoning of the learned with regard to the teaching of the Qurán, Hadís, and Ijmaʾ.

There are four conditions of Qiás: (1) That the precept or practice upon which it is founded must be of common (ʾamm) and not of special (kháss) application; (2) The cause (illat) of the injunction must be known and understood; (3) The decision must be based upon either the Qurán, the Hadís, or the Ijmaʾ; (4) The decision arrived at must not be contrary to anything declared elsewhere in the Qurán and Hadís.

Qíás is of two kinds, Qíás-i-Jalí or evident, and Qíás-i-Khafí or hidden.

An example of Qíás-i-Jalí is as follows:—Wine is forbidden in the Qurán under the word Khamar, which literally means anything in-


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Rh toxicating; it is, therefore, evident that opium and all intoxicating drugs are also forbidden. Qíás-i-Khafí is seen in the following example:—In the Hadís it is enjoined that one goat in forty must be given to God. To some poor persons the money may be more acceptable; therefore, the value of the goat may be given instead of the goat.


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I′mán, is defined as "the belief of the heart and the confession of the mouth." It is of two kinds—I′mán-i-Mujmal and I′mán-i-Mufassal.

I′mán-i-Mujmal is a simple expression of faith in the teaching of the Qurán and the Hadís.

I′mán-i-Mufassal is a belief in the six articles of faith, viz.:—1. The Unity of God. 2. The Angels. 3. The Books. 4. The Prophets. 5. The Day of Judgment. 6. Predestination, or the Decrees of God.


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name of the Creator of the universe in the Qurán is Allah, which is the title given to the Supreme Being by Muhammadans of every race and language. It is called the special, or essential, name of God, the ism-i-zát; all other names being considered merely ism-i-safát, or attributes, of which there are said to be ninety-nine. It is supposed to have been derived from the word iláh, a deity or god, with the addition of the definite article al, thus Al-iláh, The God. But Imám Hanífa says that, just as God's essence is unchangeable so is His name, and that Alláh has always been the name of the great Eternal Being (vide Ghyás-ul-Loghát). It appears to be an Arabic rendering of the Hebrew el, God. It is expressed in Per-


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68 sian and Hindustani by the word Khudá, derived from the Persian Khud (self); the self-existing one.

The Muhammadan belief in the existence of God is expressed in the first part of the well known confession of faith, La-iláha Il-lal-láho, "There is no deity but God," the interpretation of which occupies so prominent a place in all treatises of divinity.

The following is an interpretation of the Muslim belief in the existence and nature of God, by the famous scholastic divine, Imám Ghazál, in his book entitled Al Maqsud-ul-asná, an extract from which Ockley has translated from Pocock's Specimen Historiæ Arabum:—

"Praise be to God the Creator and Restorer of all things; who does whatsoever he pleases, who is Master of the glorious throne and mighty force, and directs his sincere servants into the right way and the straight path; who favoureth them, who have once borne testimony to the unity, by preserving their confessions from the darkness of doubt and hesitation; who directs them to follow his chosen apostle, upon whom be the blessing


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Rh and peace of God; and to go after his most honourable companions, to whom he hath vouchsafed his assistance and direction which is revealed to them in his essence and operations by the excellencies of his attributes, to the knowledge whereof no man attains but he that hath been taught by hearing. To these, as touching his essence, he maketh known that he is one, and hath no partner; singular, without anything like him; uniform, having no contrary; separate, having no equal. He is ancient, having no first; eternal, having no beginning; remaining for ever, having no end; continuing to eternity, without any termination. He persists, without ceasing to be; remains without falling, and never did cease, nor ever shall cease to be described by glorious attributes, nor is subject to any decree so as to be determined by any precise limits or set times, but is the First and the Last, and is within and without.

"(What God is not.) He, glorified be his name, is not a body endued with form, nor a substance circumscribed with limits or determined by measure; neither does he resemble bodies, as they are capable of being measured or divided. Neither is he a substance, neither


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 70 do substances exist in him; neither is he an accident, nor do accidents exist in him. Neither is he like to anything that exists, neither is anything like to him; nor is he determinate in quantity nor comprehended by bounds, nor circumscribed by the differences of situation, nor contained in the heavens. He sits upon the throne, after that manner which he himself hath described, and in that same sense which he himself means, which is a sitting far removed from any notion of contact, or resting upon, or local situation; but both the throne itself, and whatsoever is upon it, are sustained by the goodness of his power, and are subject to the grasp of his hand. But he is above the throne, and above all things, even to the utmost ends of the earth; but so above as at the same time not to be a whit nearer the throne and the heaven; since he is exalted by (infinite) degrees above the throne no less than he is exalted above the earth, and at the same time is near to everything that hath a being; nay, 'nearer to man than their jugular veins, and is witness to everything:' though


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'''74

It was this Aaron and Moses to whom the LORD said, “Bring the Israelites out of the land of Egypt by their divisions.” Moses and Aaron were the ones who spoke to Pharaoh king of Egypt in order to bring the Israelites out of Egypt.

Now on the day that the LORD spoke to Moses in Egypt, He said to him, “I am the LORD; tell Pharaoh king of Egypt everything I say to you.”

But in the LORD’s presence Moses replied, “Since I am unskilled in speech, why would Pharaoh listen to me?” God Commands Moses and Aaron

The LORD answered Moses, “See, I have made you like God to Pharaoh, and your brother Aaron will be your prophet. You are to speak all that I command you, and your brother Aaron is to tell Pharaoh to let the Israelites go out of his land.

But I will harden Pharaoh’s heart, and though I will multiply My signs and wonders in the land of Egypt, Pharaoh will not listen to you.

Then I will lay My hand on Egypt, and by mighty acts of judgment I will bring the divisions of My people the Israelites out of the land of Egypt. And the Egyptians will know that I am the LORD, when I stretch out My hand against Egypt and bring the Israelites out from among them.”

So Moses and Aaron did just as the LORD had commanded them. Moses was eighty years old and Aaron was eighty-three when they spoke to Pharaoh.

Aaron’s Staff

The LORD said to Moses and Aaron, “When Pharaoh tells you, ‘Perform a miracle,’ you are to say to Aaron, ‘Take your staff and throw it down before Pharaoh,’ and it will become a serpent. ”

So Moses and Aaron went to Pharaoh and did just as the LORD had commanded. Aaron threw his staff down before Pharaoh and his officials, and it became a serpent.

But Pharaoh called the wise men and sorcerers and magicians of Egypt, and they also did the same things by their magic arts. Each one threw down his staff, and it became a serpent. But Aaron’s staff swallowed up the other staffs.

Still, Pharaoh’s heart was hardened, and he would not listen to them, just as the LORD had said.

The First Plague: Blood

Then the LORD said to Moses, “Pharaoh’s heart is unyielding; he refuses to let the people go. Go to Pharaoh in the morning as you see him walking out to the water. Wait on the bank of the Nile to meet him, and take in your hand the staff that was changed into a snake. Then say to him, ‘The LORD, the God of the Hebrews, has sent me to tell you: Let My people go, so that they may worship Me in the wilderness. But you have not listened until now. This is what the LORD says: By this you will know that I am the LORD. Behold, with the staff in my hand I will strike the water of the Nile, and it will turn to blood. The fish in


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'''Exodus 8:15 the Nile will die, the river will stink, and the Egyptians will be unable to drink its water.’”

And the LORD said to Moses, “Tell Aaron, ‘Take your staff and stretch out your hand over the waters of Egypt—over their rivers and canals and ponds and reservoirs—that they may become blood.’ There will be blood throughout the land of Egypt, even in the vessels of wood and stone.”

Moses and Aaron did just as the LORD had commanded; in the presence of Pharaoh and his officials, Aaron raised the staff and struck the water of the Nile, and all the water was turned to blood. The fish in the Nile died, and the river smelled so bad that the Egyptians could not drink its water. And there was blood throughout the land of Egypt.

But the magicians of Egypt did the same things by their magic arts. So Pharaoh’s heart was hardened, and he would not listen to Moses and Aaron, just as the LORD had said. Instead, Pharaoh turned around, went into his palace, and did not take any of this to heart. So all the Egyptians dug around the Nile for water to drink, because they could not drink the water from the river.

And seven full days passed after the LORD had struck the Nile. The Second Plague: Frogs

Then the LORD said to Moses, “Go to Pharaoh and tell him that this is what the LORD says: ‘Let My people go, so that they may worship Me. But if you refuse to let them go, I will plague your whole country with frogs. The Nile will teem with frogs, and they will come into your palace and up to your bedroom and onto your bed, into the houses of your officials and your people, and into your ovens and kneading bowls. The frogs will come up on you and your people and all your officials.’”

And the LORD said to Moses, “Tell Aaron, ‘Stretch out your hand with your staff over the rivers and canals and ponds, and cause the frogs to come up onto the land of Egypt.’”

So Aaron stretched out his hand over the waters of Egypt, and the frogs came up and covered the land of Egypt.

But the magicians did the same thing by their magic arts, and they also brought frogs up onto the land of Egypt.

Pharaoh summoned Moses and Aaron and said, “Pray to the LORD to take the frogs away from me and my people. Then I will let your people go, that they may sacrifice to the LORD.”

Moses said to Pharaoh, “You may have the honor over me. When shall I pray for you and your officials and your people that the frogs (except for those in the Nile) may be taken away from you and your houses?”

“Tomorrow,” Pharaoh answered.

“May it be as you say,” Moses replied, “so that you may know that there is no one like the LORD our God. The frogs will depart from you and your houses and your officials and your people; they will remain only in the Nile.”

After Moses and Aaron had left Pharaoh, Moses cried out to the LORD for help with the frogs that He had brought against Pharaoh. And the LORD did as Moses requested, and the frogs in the houses, the courtyards, and the fields died. They were piled into countless heaps, and there was a terrible stench in the land.

When Pharaoh saw that there was relief, however, he hardened his heart and would


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'''76 not listen to Moses and Aaron, just as the LORD had said.

The Third Plague: Gnats

Then the LORD said to Moses, “Tell Aaron, ‘Stretch out your staff and strike the dust of the earth, that it may turn into swarms of gnats throughout the land of Egypt.’”

This they did, and when Aaron stretched out his hand with his staff and struck the dust of the earth, gnats came upon man and beast. All the dust of the earth turned into gnats throughout the land of Egypt.

The magicians tried to produce gnats using their magic arts, but they could not. And the gnats remained on man and beast.

“This is the finger of God,” the magicians said to Pharaoh. But Pharaoh’s heart was hardened, and he would not listen to them, just as the LORD had said.

The Fourth Plague: Flies

Then the LORD said to Moses, “Get up early in the morning, and when Pharaoh goes out to the water, stand before him and tell him that this is what the LORD says: ‘Let My people go, so that they may worship Me. But if you will not let My people go, I will send swarms of flies upon you and your officials and your people and your houses. The houses of the Egyptians and even the ground where they stand will be full of flies.

But on that day I will give special treatment to the land of Goshen, where My people live; no swarms of flies will be found there. In this way you will know that I, the LORD, am in the land. I will make a distinction between My people and your people. This sign will take place tomorrow.’”

And the LORD did so. Thick swarms of flies poured into Pharaoh’s palace and into the houses of his officials. Throughout Egypt the land was ruined by swarms of flies.

Then Pharaoh summoned Moses and Aaron and said, “Go, sacrifice to your God within this land.”

But Moses replied, “It would not be right to do that, because the sacrifices we offer to the LORD our God would be detestable to the Egyptians. If we offer sacrifices that are detestable before the Egyptians, will they not stone us? We must make a three-day journey into the wilderness and sacrifice to the LORD our God as He commands us.”

Pharaoh answered, “I will let you go and sacrifice to the LORD your God in the wilderness, but you must not go very far. Now pray for me.”

“As soon as I leave you,” Moses said, “I will pray to the LORD, so that tomorrow the swarms of flies will depart from Pharaoh and his officials and his people. But Pharaoh must not act deceitfully again by refusing to let the people go and sacrifice to the LORD.”

Then Moses left Pharaoh and prayed to the LORD, and the LORD did as Moses requested. He removed the swarms of flies from Pharaoh and his officials and his people; not one fly remained. But Pharaoh hardened his heart this time as well, and he would not let the people go. The Fifth Plague: Livestock

Then the LORD said to Moses, “Go to Pharaoh and tell him that this is what the LORD, the God of the Hebrews, says: ‘Let My people go, so that they may worship Me. But


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'''Exodus 9:24 if you continue to restrain them and refuse to let them go, then the hand of the LORD will bring a severe plague on your livestock in the field—on your horses, donkeys, camels, herds, and flocks. But the LORD will make a distinction between the livestock of Israel and the livestock of Egypt, so that no animal belonging to the Israelites will die.’”

The LORD set a time, saying, “Tomorrow the LORD will do this in the land.” And the next day the LORD did just that. All the livestock of the Egyptians died, but not one animal belonging to the Israelites died. Pharaoh sent officials and found that none of the livestock of the Israelites had died. But Pharaoh’s heart was hardened, and he would not let the people go.

The Sixth Plague: Boils

Then the LORD said to Moses and Aaron, “Take handfuls of soot from the furnace; in the sight of Pharaoh, Moses is to toss it into the air. It will become fine dust over all the land of Egypt, and festering boils will break out on man and beast throughout the land.”

So they took soot from the furnace and stood before Pharaoh. Moses tossed it into the air, and festering boils broke out on man and beast. The magicians could not stand before Moses, because the boils had broken out on them and on all the Egyptians.

But the LORD hardened Pharaoh’s heart, and he would not listen to them, just as the LORD had said to Moses.

The Seventh Plague: Hail

Then the LORD said to Moses, “Get up early in the morning, stand before Pharaoh, and tell him that this is what the LORD, the God of the Hebrews, says: ‘Let My people go, so that they may worship Me. Otherwise, I will send all My plagues against you and your officials and your people, so you may know that there is no one like Me in all the earth.

For by this time I could have stretched out My hand and struck you and your people with a plague to wipe you off the earth. But I have raised you up for this very purpose, that I might display My power to you, and that My name might be proclaimed in all the earth. Still, you lord it over My people and do not allow them to go.

Behold, at this time tomorrow I will rain down the worst hail that has ever fallen on Egypt, from the day it was founded until now. So give orders now to shelter your livestock and everything you have in the field. Every man or beast that remains in the field and is not brought inside will die when the hail comes down upon them.’”

Those among Pharaoh’s officials who feared the word of the LORD hurried to bring their servants and livestock to shelter, but those who disregarded the word of the LORD left their servants and livestock in the field.

Then the LORD said to Moses, “Stretch out your hand toward heaven, so that hail may fall on all the land of Egypt—on man and beast and every plant of the field throughout the land of Egypt.”

So Moses stretched out his staff toward heaven, and the LORD sent thunder and hail, and lightning struck the earth. So the LORD rained down hail upon the land of Egypt. The hail fell and the lightning continued flashing through it. The hail was so severe that nothing like it had ever been seen in all the land of Egypt from the time it became a nation.


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 Rh


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'''78  Throughout the land of Egypt, the hail struck down everything in the field, both man and beast; it beat down every plant of the field and stripped every tree. The only place where it did not hail was in the land of Goshen, where the Israelites lived.

Then Pharaoh summoned Moses and Aaron. “This time I have sinned,” he said. “The LORD is righteous, and I and my people are wicked. Pray to the LORD, for there has been enough of God’s thunder and hail. I will let you go; you do not need to stay any longer.”

Moses said to him, “When I have left the city, I will spread out my hands to the LORD. The thunder will cease, and there will be no more hail, so that you may know that the earth is the LORD’s. But as for you and your officials, I know that you still do not fear the LORD our God.”

(Now the flax and barley were destroyed, since the barley was ripe and the flax was in bloom; but the wheat and spelt were not destroyed, because they are late crops.)

Then Moses departed from Pharaoh, went out of the city, and spread out his hands to the LORD. The thunder and hail ceased, and the rain no longer poured down on the land.

When Pharaoh saw that the rain and hail and thunder had ceased, he sinned again and hardened his heart—he and his officials. So Pharaoh’s heart was hardened, and he would not let the Israelites go, just as the LORD had said through Moses. The Eighth Plague: Locusts

Then the LORD said to Moses, “Go to Pharaoh, for I have hardened his heart and the hearts of his officials, that I may perform these miraculous signs of Mine among them, and that you may tell your children and grandchildren how severely I dealt with the Egyptians when I performed miraculous signs among them, so that all of you may know that I am the LORD.”

So Moses and Aaron went to Pharaoh and told him, “This is what the LORD, the God of the Hebrews, says: ‘How long will you refuse to humble yourself before Me? Let My people go, so that they may worship Me. But if you refuse to let My people go, I will bring locusts into your territory tomorrow. They will cover the face of the land so that no one can see it. They will devour whatever is left after the hail and eat every tree that grows in your fields. They will fill your houses and the houses of all your officials and every Egyptian—something neither your fathers nor your grandfathers have seen since the day they came into this land.’”

Then Moses turned and left Pharaoh’s presence.

Pharaoh’s officials asked him, “How long will this man be a snare to us? Let the people go, so that they may worship the LORD their God. Do you not yet realize that Egypt is in ruins?”

So Moses and Aaron were brought back to Pharaoh. “Go, worship the LORD your God,” he said. “But who exactly will be going?”

“We will go with our young and old,” Moses replied. “We will go with our sons and daughters, and with our flocks and herds, for we must hold a feast to the LORD.”

Then Pharaoh told them, “May the LORD be with you if I ever let you go with your little ones. Clearly you are bent on evil. No, only the men may go and worship the LORD, since that is what you have been requesting.” And Moses and Aaron were driven from Pharaoh’s presence.