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 314 The following year, to increase further flexibility in the reserves, the National Guard's 53d and 86th Infantry Brigades were converted to armored brigades, and the 67th Infantry Brigade was reorganized as mechanized infantry, The 53d and 67th retained their five maneuver elements, but the 86th lost one battalion. The 1964 reorganization also provided the 258th Infantry Brigade in Arizona with an armor battalion from Missouri and a field artillery battalion from far-away Virginia.

The ROAD reorganization sought flexible forces to meet worldwide commitments on various battlefields, but by April 1962 McNamara had become concerned about unit mobility, He believed that firepower had been favored over maneuverability and that more aircraft could achieve a better balance. The Army's earlier explorations had focused primarily on the number of aircraft, airplanes and helicopters, needed for observation and transportation, but some championed a tactical role for the latter, McNamara wanted the Army to take a new look at the employment of aircraft in land warfare, particularly the helicopter.

In the spring of 1962 the Continental Army Command appointed the Mobility Requirements Board, often referred to as the Howze Board after its president, Lt. Gen, Hamilton H. Howze, to study the matter. After three months of frantic work, including field exercises, the board came to the general conclusion that the adoption of airmobility, the capability of a unit to deploy and receive support from aircraft under the control of a ground commander, was necessary and desirable. In some ways, the transition seemed as inevitable as that from animal to motor transport.

The Howze Board recommended sweeping changes in the use of aircraft, including the organization of air assault divisions, Although combat support elements were not identified, these divisions were to resemble ROAD organizations (Chart 39) and were to have sufficient aircraft to lift one-third of the divisional combat elements at one time. The division had some fixed-wing aircraft, but most were to be in an air transport brigade, a nondivisional unit, which was to reinforce the transport capabilities of the division. To keep the division as light as possible, the board suggested the use of new, lighter 105-mm. howitzers, Little John rockets, and air-to-ground rockets mounted on helicopters as replacements for the 155-mm. howitzers. In addition, infantry was to be relieved of all burdens except for those associated with combat. The board’s estimates for divisional aircraft ranged between 400 and 600, but ground vehicle requirements fell from 3,400 to 1,100. Air assault divisions were to replace airborne divisions, and the board recommended assigning airborne-qualified personnel to the new units. Air cavalry combat brigades (ACCB) were endorsed for classic cavalry missions—screening, reconnoitering, and delaying actions. Such brigades were to be strictly air units, and they were to employ attack helicopters in antitank roles. The board also rec-


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 316 ommended more aircraft for infantry, mechanized infantry, and armored divisions; and the formation of aviation units for corps, army, and special warfare units.

The Continental Army Command developed tables of organization for a ROAD-type air assault division, which the Department of the Army decided to test. The first step was the activation of the 11th Air Assault Division (the former 11th Airborne Division) on 1 February 1963, along with the 10th Air Transport Brigade, at Fort Benning, Georgia, As proposed by the Howze Board, the air transport brigade was not organic to the division, but was to serve as a lines of communications unit for hauling men, equipment, and supplies in the field, In October and November 1964 the experimental division, including 3,250 soldiers from the 2d Infantry Division, and the transport brigade conducted full-scale tests of assault tactics. At the conclusion of the test the director, Lt. Gen. Charles W. G. Rich, recommended the addition of both units to the permanent force structure. He reported that the integration of Army aircraft into the ground units provided the crucial maneuver capability for light mobile forces to close with and destroy the enemy. Operating with other divisions, airmobile units offered a balance of mobility and increased Army combat readiness on a theater level.

The recommendation to organize an airmobile division set off a debate within the Joint Chiefs of Staff. The U.S. Air Force had been watching the development and growth of Army aviation for years with increasing concern. Each divisional reorganization after World War II resulted in more aircraft being added to these units. The chief of staff, U.S. Air Force, believed activation of the division premature and judged it too specialized to be cost effective, Although not stated, the Air Force felt that airmobility infringed on its ground support mission. Earlier in the 1960s the Air Force had conducted tests to enhance the mobility and combat effectiveness of divisions by improving troop lift, aerial resupply, close air support, and aerial fire support, but found most of the Army's equipment too large for its aircraft. At the time the Air Force had recommended that the Army develop equipment in the infantry division that was more compatible with existing Air Force planes. McNamara now disagreed. He and the Defense Department staff had been pushing for greater Army involvement in aviation since 1962. The Army's proposal met his approval, and he directed the formation of an airmobile division as part of the permanent force. The air transport brigade, however, did not win a place in the force.

The Army Staff selected the 1st Cavalry Division to become the Army's first airmobile division. Since that unit was serving in Korea, this resulted in a massive paper shuffle, with men and materiel remaining in place and unit designations moving back and forth. In the end the Korean-based 1st Cavalry Division was replaced by the 2d Infantry Division while the assets of the 2d Infantry Division and 11th Air Assault Division at Fort Benning were used to reorganize the 1st Cavalry Division (Airmobile).

The 1st Cavalry Division's configuration differed from the test unit (Chart 40). It had no Little John rocket battalion or attack helicopter battalion because the Air


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 318 Force or other organic divisional weapons assumed the nuclear fire support mission of the rockets, The division fielded an aviation group (a general aviation support company and one assault support and two assault aviation battalions). Divisional helicopters numbered 335, Although the Howze Board believed the number of ground vehicles could be cut by two-thirds, the division was authorized 1,500, or approximately half the number in the other types of ROAD divisions. The vehicles moved supplies, artillery, and antitank weapons and helped in ground reconnaissance. The airmobile infantry battalion had one combat support company (reconnaissance, mortar, and antitank resources) and three rifle companies, Although the battalion lacked ENTACs, 4.2-inch mortars, and .50-caliber machine guns, the infantrymen had a number of new weapons. The M14 rifle was superseded by the lighter MX16E1 (M16), which put out more firepower and was supplemented by the M79 40-mm. grenade launcher with a dedicated grenadier.

The question as to whether the airmobile division should replace the airborne division had not been resolved. Planners decided that one brigade—three infantry battalions and one artillery battalion—was to be authorized airborne-qualified personnel as an interim measure.

In summary, the ROAD reorganization ensured the Army's ability to offer flexible responses to changing world conditions. On 1 July 1965, the Army's division and brigade forces consisted of 45 divisions (16 in the Regular Army, 23 in the National Guard, and 6 in the Army Reserve) and 17 brigades (6 in the Regular Army, 7 in the National Guard, and 4 in the Army Reserve). Of the Regular Army divisions, eight served outside the continental United States and eight within. Divisions and brigades in the three components had more flexibility than ever before. As in the past, personnel problems prevented the Army from fielding divisions at their ideal strength, but ROAD's inherent capability for interchanging battalions meant that, if necessary, some units could be brought to wartime standards quickly, The divisions, however, still awaited their true test—combat.

From the Army's point of view the Kennedy era had produced measurable organizational gains. The budget-driven pentomic divisions had been adopted primarily for political purposes and had never been popular within the Army. While Army leaders were enamored of the new airmobile concept backed by McNamara and others, the ROAD divisions were more popular, providing the Army with solid standard divisional bases and the ability to tailor brigade-size task forces within the division using a variable mix of combat battalions. And with Kennedy's support for expanding the ground components and technological capabilities, the future of the Army seemed more secure in the budget-driven defense community,


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396 successfully entered the field of popular life. In this department (born 1807) has made her reputation. She spent her childhood and early youth on the rocky shores of Bohuslän, and in her best works, "Rosen på Tistelön," "Enslingen på Johannisskäret," and "Et Köpemanshus i Skargärden,"Ett Köpmanshus i Skärgården [sic] she has given us scenes and incidents from the home of childhood. She has also written novels which describe life in the higher circles of society. She does not possess Miss Bremer's ideal view of life nor Sofia Knorring's graceful vivacity, but she is superior to both in the arrangement of her materials and in her varied and faithful pictures of nature and popular life.

(born 1804) began in 1840 the publication of his stories and novels, which he has continued to the present, using the pseudonym, and borrowing his materials chiefly from every-day life and from the lower classes of the population. His works are pervaded by a very humane sentiment and show a fine talent for observation, and his style, through which there breathes a gentle humor, frequently attains the highest degree of perfection. It is not strange, therefore, that his stories have found great favor with the reading public, and that they have not yet lost any of their old power to charm. The most important among them are, "GenremälningarGenremålningar [sic]," "Pastorsadjunten," and "EtEtt [sic] Namn." In his old age he has published a collection of very graceful lyrics under the title of "Blad ur Katarina Mänsdotters minesbok " (Leaves from the journal of Katarina Mänsdotter, the wife of Erik XIV).

(1811-68) has produced many excellent things in the way of novels and tales, and his short stories contained in "Taflor och Berättelser" and "Bilder ur verk-


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348

$1$ Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States, Lyndon B, Johnson, 1965 (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1966), pp. 461, 736; 1969, p. 77.

$2$ Johnson, Public Papers, 1965, p. 495; U. S. G. Sharp and W. C. Westmoreland, Report an the War in Vietnam: 1964–1968 (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1969), pp. 275–76: Hermes, "Vietnam Buildup," ch. 5, pp. 34–38.

$3$ Richard P. Weinert, The Role of USCONARC in the Army Buildup, FY 1966 (Fort Monroe, Va. U.S. Continental Army Command, 1967), pp. 113–18; Ltr, TAG to CGs, First and Fifth U.S, Armies, 30 Sep 65, sub: Reorganization of the 1st Infantry Division, AGAO-O (M) (20 Sep 65) DCSPER, 1st Inf Div file, DAMH-HSO.

$4$ Donn A. Starry, Mounted Combat in Vietnam (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1978), pp. 54–S8.

$5$ Johnson. Public Papers, 1965, p. 795; Hermes, "Vietnam Buildup," ch. 5, pp. 2–11; "Army Units Plan Swift Activation." Washington Post, 6 Aug 1965.

$6$ Weinert, Army Buildup, 1966, pp. 82-84; TOE 77–100T, Separate Light Infantry Brigade, 1965; Ltr, TAG to CG, First U.S. Army, 7 Oct 65, sub: Change in Status of STRAF Units, AGAO-O (M) (21 Sep 65) DCSPER, and Fact Sheet (OSD 1078), ACSFOR for White House, The 196th Infantry Brigade has achieved a Combat Ready Posture. 20 Jun 66, both 196th Inf Bde file, DAMH-HSO.

$7$ TOE 7–175T, Infantry Battalion, Light Infantry Division or Light Infantry Brigade, 1965.

$8$ Msg, DCSPER to CG, CONARC, DA 748172, 22 Jan 66, sub: Activation of the 9th Infantry Division, Msg. ACSFOR to CG, CONARC, DA 748332, 24 Jan 66, same subject, Msg, CG, Fifth U.S. Army, to CG, CONARC, 161806Z Feb 66, same subject, Ltr, TAG to CG, Fifth U.S. Army, 18 Feb 66, same subject, all 9th Inf Div file. DAMH-HSO; Richard P. Weinert, The Role USCONARC in the Army Buildup, FY 1967 (Fort Monroe, Va.: U.S. Continental Army Command, 1968), p. 73–76.

$9$
William F. Fulton, Riverine Operations, 1966–1969 (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1973), pp. 26–41, 51–60: Ltr, TAG to CG, Fifth Army, and CinC, USARPAC, 21 Mar 67, sub: Reorganization of Elements of the 9th Infantry Division, AGSD-C (M) (21 Oct 66) ACSFOR, 2d Bn, 47th Inf, file, DAMH-HSO.

$10$
Weinert, Army Buildup, 1966, pp, 97–99; Hermes, "Vietnam Buildup." ch. 13, pp. 34–38; TAG to CG, Third U.S. Army. 17 Jun 66, sub: Activation of the 199th Infantry Brigade, AGSD-C (M) (3 Jun 66) ACSFOR, and The 199th Light Infantry Brigade (Sep) "Redcatcher," undated, Ms, both 199th Inf Bde file, DAMH-HSO; Sharp and Westmoreland, Report of the War in Vietnam, p. 129.

$11$
Ltr, TAG to CinC, USARPAC, 21 Jul 66, sub: Activation of the 11th Infantry Brigade, AGSD-C (M) (21 Jul 66) ACSFOR, and Joe F. Galle, "A History of the 1th Infantry Brigade, 1 July 1966–1 May 1970" (3d Military History Detachment, 1970?), p. 9, Ms, both 11th Inf Bde file, DAMH-HSO; SS, ACSFOR for CofS, 1 Apr 66, sub: Brigade Activations, FOR PP TP, Memo, ACSFOR for VCofS, 16 Oct 67. sub: Activation of the 6th Infantry Division, Incl 1, FOR PP TP, and Memo for Record, OCMH, 29 Sep 67, same subject, all 6th Inf Div file, DAMH-HSO.

$12$
Starry, Mounted Combat, p. 58; Ltr, TAG to CinC, USARPAC, 26 Jan 66, sub: Reorganization of the 25th Infantry Division, AGAO-O (M) (26 Jan 66) ACSFOR, and Ltr, TAG to CinC, USARPAC, 10 Mar 66, sub: Reorganization of Elements of the 25th Infantry Division, AGSD-C (M) (10 Mar 66) ACSFOR, both 25th Inf Div file: DAMH-HSO; Lir, TAG to CG, U.S. Army. Alaska, 10 Jan 66, sub: Activation of Units, AGAO-O (M) (10 Jan 66), AG Reference files, DAMH-HSO; Hermes, "Vietnam Buildup." ch. 13, pp. 1–13.

$13$
Ltr, TAG to CG, Sixth U.S, Army, 29 Dee 65, sub: Reorganization of the 4th Infantry Division, AGAO-O (M) (12 Nov 65) DCSPER, 4th Inf Div file, DAMH-HSO; Weinert, Army Buildup, 1966, pp. 122–25; Hermes, "Vietnam Buildup," ch. 13, pp. 27–34.

$14$
Weinert, Army Buildup, 1966, pp. 99–101; Hermes, "Vietnam Buildup," ch. 13, pp. 14–18: Ltr, TAG to CGs, Third and Fifth U.S. Armies, 20 Apr 66, sub: Activation of Aviation Units,


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''General Westmoreland has the authority to use the American forces that are now in Viet-Nam in the way which he considers most effective to resist the Communist aggression and the terror that is taking place. … I have ordered … American troops ashore in order to give protection to hundreds of Americans who are still in the Dominican Republic. … Over the past 15 months the North Koreans have pursued a stepped-up campaign of violence against South Korean and the American troops. … We are taking certain precautionary measures to make sure that our military forces are prepared for any contingency that might arise.'' President Lyndon B. Johnson

President Lyndon B. Johnson ordered the first American combat units to the Republic of Vietnam in 1965, After the French abandoned Indochina, the 1954 Geneva Accords created two Vietnams, South and North, using the 17th Parallel as the demarcation line. Almost immediately the Army began advising the South Vietnamese Army, and over the next decade the armed conflict between North and South Vietnam slowly escalated, finally leading to the direct participation of U.S. Army divisions and brigades and the use of the tailoring principles embodied in ROAD. In addition, Army divisions continued to stand vigilant in Europe and Korea against Communist aggression and restored order in the Dominican Republic following a period of political unrest.

In May 1965 President Johnson committed Regular Army combat units to South Vietnam to halt North Vietnamese incursions and suppress National Liberation Front insurgents, The 173d Airborne Brigade from Okinawa was the Army's first combined arms unit to arrive in Southeast Asia. In July the 2d Brigade, 1st Infantry Division, and the 1st Brigade, 101st Airborne Division, also deployed from the United States. The brigade from the 101st was originally planned to replace the 173d Airborne Brigade but, with the need for additional combat units, both brigades remained in Vietnam, Two months later the 1st Cavalry Division, recently reorganized as an airmobile unit, reported in country, and the remainder of the 1st Infantry Division arrived in October.

As the Army responded to its new mission, divisions were reorganized using ROADS tailoring concepts, Before the 1st Infantry Division deployed, it had field-


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Rh in the work of our representatives on the various public bodies to which they have been elected. The various measures against the evils of capitalist poverty brought forward by, or as a result of the agitation of Socialist representatives on legislative bodies are figured as being of the nature of constructive Socialism. As we have shown the political state of capitalism has no place under Socialism, therefore measures which aim to place under Socialism, therefore measures which aim to place industries in the hands of or under the control of such a political state are in no sense steps towards that ideal; they are but useful measures to restrict the greed of capitalism and to familiarize the workers with the conception of common ownership. This latter is indeed their chief function. But the enrollment of the workers in unions patterned closely after the structure of modern industries, and following the organic lines of industrial development is par excellence the swiftest, safest, and most peaceful form of constructive work the Socialist can engage in. It prepares within the framework of capitalist society the working form of the Socialist Republic, and thus while increasing the resisting power of the worker against present encroachments of the capitalist class it familiarizes him with the idea that the union he is helping to build up is destined to supplant that class in the control of the industry in which he is employed.

The power of this idea to transform the dry detail work of trade union organization into the constructive work of revolutionary Socialism, and thus to make of the unimaginative trade unionist a potent factor in the launching of a new system of society cannot be overestimated. It invests the sordid details of the daily incidents of the class struggle with a new and beauti-


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Rh ligheten," are exceedingly well written. He had at his service a vivid imagination and keen faculties for observation, and he displays them to excellent advantage in his short, cheerful description of Stockholm life, while his long novels are frequently lacking in the development of the plot. Blanche was a very successful dramatist. Among his plays we may mention "Magister Blackstadius" and "Om politiska Rocken," which deal with the social life of Stockholm. They abound in humor and amusing situations, but do not satisfy the strict laws of the drama.

Swedish literature is rich in historical novels. The ground was first broken by (born 1789), who, after the publication of a few small poems, produced, in 1828, "Tord Bonde," a novel in the style of Walter Scott. On account of the graphic historical pictures it contained the book was received with favor, and justified the greatest expectations for the future. The latter were not, however, satisfied, as the author did not complete his story, and wrote no more novels. In his old age he wrote the epic poem, "Engelbrekt." (1790-1871) based his novels, "Den siste friseglaren" and "Standaret," on comprehensive historical studies, and they are accordingly faithful and interesting pictures of their time. In the widely read novel "Snapphanarne," by the still unknown pseudonym O. K., the historical materials serve merely as a framework for the romantic descriptions. (born 1803) treads in his "Blomman på Kinnekulle" and "Sivard Kruses bröllop," the middle way, satisfying the claims of history and romance at the same time. (1793-1849), who, in his early youth, produced some rather insignificant poems in a marked Phosphoristic, romantic spirit, subsequently wrote several historical novels, of which the best are "Seton," a sketch from the times of Gustav III, and "De Sammansvurna," descriptions from the times of Charles XII and Frederick I.


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398 (1813-57) has given us a splendid historical picture in his "Gustav III och hans hof," while his other works are not of much account. The works of (1795-1865) are of vast importance, though the spirit of hatred that prevails in them deprives them of a part of their value. King Carl Johan availed himself of Crusenstolpe's journalistic talent for personal ends, and the latter seemed at first to be entirely at the king's service. But suddenly he changed his mind and attacked the government in the most violent and reckless manner, for which he had to serve three years in prison. Nevertheless, he continued to the day of his death to "disfigure" the history of Carl Johan. This was the purpose of the novels "Morianen" (the Moor) and "Carl Johan och Svenskarne," which are called historical works, but which, nevertheless, when considered as pictures of the times, are very unreliable, the facts being frequently distorted and grouped simply to satisfy a party spirit. The style is always masterly, but on account of the prejudices of the author it fails to produce the desired impression. (born 1807) has borrowed the materials for his interesting novels partly from history ("Drabanten," "Fursten," etc.), and partly from his own time ("Stockholms Mysterier," "Den svarta handen," etc.), and has also written dramas and lyric poetry. His style is somewhat broad and his characters are not always clearly drawn, but he has a fertile and vivid imagination, and his works are full of life and warmth. Here we must also mention the Finlander, (born 1818), whose series of novels, "Fältskärens berättelser" (the Surgeon's stories), is justly regarded as one of the finest prose productions in the Swedish language. The series consists in a number of graphically drawn pictures from life in Sweden and Finland in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, for which the history of this exceptionally eventful period furnishes a very fine background. Both in Sweden


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48 ful meaning, and presents them in their true light as skirmishes between the two opposing armies of light and darkness. In the light of this principle of Industrial Unionism every fresh shop or factory organized under its banner is a fort wrenched from the control of the capitalist class and manned with the soldiers of the Revolution to be held by them for the workers. On the day that the political and economic forces of labor finally break with capitalist society and proclaim the Workers Republic these shops and factories so manned by Industrial Unionists will be taken charge of by the workers there employed, and force and effectiveness thus given to that proclamation. Then and thus the new society will spring into existence ready equipped to perform all the useful functions of its predecessor.

In choosing for the subject of this chapter such a title as “The Future of Labor,” I am aware that I run the risk of arousing expectations that I shall not be able to satisfy. The future of labor is a subject with which is bound up the future of civilization, and therefore a comprehensive treatment of the subject might be interpreted as demanding an analysis of all the forces and factors which will influence humanity in the future, and also their resultant effect.

Needless to say, my theme is a less ambitious one. I propose simply to deal with the problem of labor in the immediate future, with the marshalling of labor for the great conflict that confronts us, and with a consideration of the steps to be taken in order that the work of aiding the transition from Industrial Slavery


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Rh to Industrial Freedom might be, as far as possible, freed from all encumbering and needless obstacles and expense of time, energy, and money.

But first and as an aid to a proper understanding of my position, let me place briefly before you my reading of the history of the past struggles of mankind against social subjection, my reading of the mental development undergone by each revolting class in the different stages of their struggle, from the first period of their bondage to the first dawn of their freedom. As I view it, such struggles had three well-marked mental stages, corresponding to the inception, development, and decay of the oppressing powers, and as I intend to attempt to apply this theory to the position of labor as a subject class to-day, I hope you will honor me by at least giving my your earnest attention to this conception, and aid by your discussion in determining at which of these periods or stages, the working class, the subject of to-day, has arrived. My reading then briefly is this: That in the first period of bondage the eyes of the subject class are always turned toward the past, and all its efforts in revolt are directed to the end of destroying the social system in order that it might march backward and re-establish the social order of ancient times—“the good old days.” That the goodness of those days was largely hypothetical seldom enters the imagination of men on whose limbs the fetters of oppression still sit awkwardly.

In the second period the subject class tends more and more to lose sight and recollection of any pre-existent state of society, to believe that the social order in which it finds itself always did exist, and to bend all its energies to obtaining such ameliorations of its


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Rh and Finland the "Surgeon's Stories" are the favorite reading of all classes.

One of the most prominent Swedish writers of modern times is (born 1829), and particularly his novels, "Den siste Atenaren," "Fribytaren på Östersjön," and "Singoalla," have received the highest praise and been widely read. The first of these is a very important work, which gives a graphic and striking picture of those dark and restless times, when paganism and Christianity were still at war with each other. Rydberg is the champion of liberal ideas in every direction, but more especially in the religious field. The author himself calls "The Last Athenian" a polemical book, and this epithet may also be applied to his other æsthetical works, for in all of them he deliberately attacks obscurantism and blind faith in authorities. But the poetic effect of his novels suffers in no way either from this or from the thorough historical study of the times which he describes. A result of his comprehensive historical investigations is the "Romerska Dagar" (Roman Days), a series of splendidly executed pictures from the times of Imperial Rome. This volume, which stands unrivalled in point of style, is based on the artistic monuments preserved from the old Roman days. His poems are not numerous, but their masterly form and wealth of thought give them rank among the best poetry in Swedish literature.

Having thus traced the novel literature of Sweden down to the latest times, it is necessary to go back again a little. We have seen that Tegnér had a number of followers, nearly


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 herself by no means so badly off. When Master Gnome, by that shameful trick of his, had got her away from her screaming attendants, he bore her insensible form swiftly along the recesses of his subterrene domain, and then up to a magnificent palace he had just prepared for her reception, in comparison with which her father’s castle was a barn. When she recovered consciousness, she was reclining on a delightful sofa, attired in the most perfect style of art of that period, in a rich pink satin robe, encircled and compressed by a zone of Heaven’s own blue, that seemed the very cestus of Venus. At her feet knelt a young man, splendidly dressed, of a fine form and most prepossessing countenance, who, in language breathing love’s own eloquence, was offering up his vows of eternal devotion, vows which the fair one received in modest silence, and with downcast looks. The enamoured spirit then, having, however, first explained who he was, what his illustrious origin, and how great the extent of his subterrene monarchy, conducted his mistress through the principal apartments of the palace, each of which seemed still more magnificent than the one preceding it, and then into the noble garden which surrounded the mansion, and which, laid out as it was with exquisite taste, and abounding with magnificent flowers and plants, unknown to the outer world, delighted the Princess more than anything she had seen. At one extremity of the


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50 lot within existent society as will make that lot more bearable. At this stage of society the subject class, as far as its own aspirations are concerned, may be reckoned as a conservative force.

In the third period the subject class becomes revolutionary, recks little of the past for inspiration, but, building itself upon the achievements of the present, confidently addresses itself to the conquest of the future. It does so because the development of the framework of society has revealed to it its relative importance, revealed to it the fact that within its grasp has grown, unconsciously to itself, a power which, if intelligently applied, is sufficient to overcome and master society at large.

As a classic illustration of this conception of the history of the mental development of the revolt against social oppression, we might glance at the many peasant revolts recorded in European history. As we are now aware, common ownership of land was at one time the basis of society all over the world. Our fathers not only owned their land in common, but in many ways practiced a common ownership of the things produced. In short, tribal communism was at one time the universally existent order. In such a state of society there existed a degree of freedom that no succeeding order has been able to parallel, and that none will be able to, until the individualistic order of to-day gives way to the Industrial Commonwealth, the Workers' Republic, of the future. How that ancient order broke up it is no part of my task to tell. What I do wish to draw your attention to, is that for hundreds, for a thousand years after the break up of that tribal communism, and the reduction to serfdom of the


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 grounds she visited an orchard filled with trees, whose golden fruit surpassed the highest efforts of mortal culture. Each grove, each tree, was crowded with song-birds, whose melodious throats sent forth, in every direction, the most ravishing strains. The gnome, encircling the fair one’s waist with one arm, trod the arched walks in perfect ecstacy; his eyes fixed unceasingly on hers, and his ear drinking with intoxication each word that fell, in gentle tones, from her honey mouth. In all his long, long, long life, never had he experienced aught resembling the rapture of this, his first love!

But Emma was far from being equally happy; pensiveness clouded her brow; she was oppressed with that soft, that undefined melancholy, which oftentimes renders beauty doubly interesting, by exciting sympathy as well as passion. This state of mind did not escape Rubezahl, who endeavoured to dispel it by his caresses; but in vain.

“Ah!” said he within himself, after a brief meditation, “the human race, like the bees and ants, are of a social disposition; my charming mistress needs other company than mine; and, after all, perhaps the society of a husband only may not always be sufficient for a wife. For to whom is she to communicate things she may not deem it expedient to talk about to her lord? With whom can she hold council on the choice of her dresses? Was Eve able long to


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Page:Forma breve de administrar los sacramentos a los Indios, y Españoles que viven entre ellos (1635).djvu/33

Rh that you call Neba, that you call Niba, that you call Ama (Cousin), you all say that they are very far apart. This marriage does not impede it. The Holy Church is mother to you all; journey by her will. By the most honored mercy of God, you have all been made Christians: this you all must do.

8 And of many of these impediments, (may be dipensed when), fathers, and other fathers having a license, may do so, (dispense), and create the marriage, a true marriage, is not stopped to each other, those which impede, the father doing miracles, or, another father having a license having (judged) that the aforementioned impediment is (null).

¶ Having said these monitions, when the marriage is desired (...): and it may be said in this manner, or another better one. Rh


text: Page:The genuine remains in verse and prose of Mr. Samuel Butler (1759), volume 1.djvu/122


text: Index:Scarface.pdf

title: Index:Scarface.pdf


text: Page:Holy Bible Translated from the Latin Vol 1.pdf/3


text: The Genuine Remains in Verse and Prose of Mr. Samuel Butler/Volume 1/Satyr upon the licentious age of Charles the 2d, contrasted with the puritanical one that preceded it


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Page:The Works of Abraham Cowley - volume 1 (ed. Aikin) (1806).djvu/256

136


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Page:The Works of Abraham Cowley - volume 1 (ed. Aikin) (1806).djvu/263

141


text: The Works of Abraham Cowley/Volume 1/The Complaint


text:
Author:Rosalia Buschetti

Works

 * "Cure of a Malignant Fever", quoted in The Life of Dominic Savio by John Bosco

title: Author:Rosalia Buschetti


text:
Page:Horrid Mysteries Volume 3.djvu/69

 certain circumstance, did not allow her to coincide with the opinion most of the company seemed to have adopted. Every one being curious to know that circumstance, she was pressed to relate it; upon which she protested that it was no secret, that, every night, at twelve o'clock, such a terrible noise was heard in the chapel of the castle, that one expected it would be turned upside down. The Marquis raised a loud laugh, in which he was joined by the whole company, but particularly by Don Antonio, who, probably recollecting that midnight was already past, proposed to the company to go with him into the chapel. However, the Marchioness dissembled to pay no attention to what he said, and feigned to be offended by the ridicule which her information had been received with; declaring, that she would lay any wager, that none of the gentlemen who were pleased to laugh at her, would fetch a fan she had left in her pew in the afternoon.

title: Page:Horrid Mysteries Volume 3.djvu/69


text:
Author talk:Rosalia Buschetti

Identity
I have not found much information yet about this individual. Some things I have found: —Beleg Âlt BT (talk) 17:10, 26 February 2024 (UTC)
 * In The Life of Dominic Savio her maiden name is given as "di Mazzenile", but in the original Italian it is "di Mezzenile".
 * While the English translation gives it as her maiden name, it is possible that it may refer to her birthplace.
 * I suspect that she might be Rosalia Francesetti (1808-1880), daughter of the Conte di Mezzenile and wife of Edoardo Filippo Emanuele Angelo Buschetti. However, I don't see any indication that Rosalia herself had the title of Countess. See also here

 * I found this page that refers to her as "Buschetti contessa Rosalia, nata Francesetti", which I think is conclusive. —Beleg Âlt BT (talk) 19:40, 26 February 2024 (UTC)

title: Author talk:Rosalia Buschetti


text:
Author:Edoardo Denato

Works

 * "Cure of a Serious Eye Complaint", quoted in The Life of Dominic Savio by John Bosco

title: Author:Edoardo Denato


text:
Swarb v. Lennox/Dissent Douglas

MR. JUSTICE DOUGLAS, dissenting in part.

Pennsylvania permits creditors to extract from debtors their consent to a confession-of-judgment procedure which, while not rendering debtors completely defenseless, deprives them of many of the safeguards of ordinary civil procedure. A group of low-income plaintiffs asked the three-judge court below to enjoin the further operation of this scheme on the ground that debtors who consented to this abbreviated form of justice did so unwittingly or did so out of compulsion supplied by the standard form of adhesion contracts. The District Court granted limited relief, holding that the scheme worked a denial of procedural due process only when applied to individual debtors who earned less than $10,000 annually and who entered into nonmortgage credit transactions, except where it is shown prior to judgment that their waivers had been knowing and voluntary. The plaintiffs have appealed, arguing that the lower court should have invalidated the regime on its face and that, in any event, class relief was wrongly denied both to persons earning more than $10,000 yearly and to home mortgagors.

The Commonwealth did not cross-appeal but instead now confesses that the scheme is unconstitutional and agrees substantially with the appellants. Various lending institutions intervened below but have not taken [p204] cross-appeals. When the appeal was filed in this Court, they did, however, file a motion to dismiss that contained an argument on the law governing the main facets of the case. Moreover, at the request of this Court they filed a brief, maintaining that the District Court correctly excluded mortgage borrowers and consumer borrowers with incomes in excess of $10,000 from the class benefited by the decree and that it incorrectly found that the Pennsylvania cognovit procedure was unconstitutional unless the debtor knowingly and understandingly consented to the authorization to confess judgment.

[p205] The appellees are the county's prothonotary and sheriff and they are represented here by the Attorney General of Pennsylvania who concedes before us that the State's statutes in question are unconstitutional. No one suggests, however, that there is lacking a case or controversy. Appellants say the District Court did not go far enough. Whether we affirm, modify, or reverse, the decree of the District Court has an ongoing life. It has not become moot. Large interests ride on the outcome of this important litigation.

It is said, however, that the case is not appropriate for review. We refuse to let confessions of error exclusively govern the disposition of cases, acting only after our examination of the record. We have remanded for reconsideration in light of a confession of error. In Young v. United States, 315 U.S. 257 (1942), however, we declined to remand but instead incorporated into our holding the theory advanced by the Solicitor General in support of the petitioner. Obviously a remand does not bind the courts to the parties' view as to what the law is. "'The considered judgment of the law enforcement officers that reversible error has been committed is entitled to great weight, but our judicial obligations compel us to examine independently the errors confessed.' Id., at 258-259."

As we stated in Sibron v. New York, 392 U.S. 40, 58: "'It is the uniform practice of this Court to conduct its own examination of the record in all cases where the Federal Government or a State confesses that a conviction has been erroneously obtained.'"

[p206] That is the practice in civil cases also. Cates v. Haderlein, 342 U.S. 804.

Moreover, once a case is properly here, our disposition does not necessarily follow the recommendations or concessions of the parties. Utah Comm'n v. El Paso Gas Co., 395 U.S. 464, 468-469. In that case, the appellant changed its view of the merits after the case reached us and, like the appellee, thought the appeal should be dismissed. An amicus, however, presented contrary views. We concluded that the decree of the District Court, after our prior remand, did not comply with our order. Consensus of the parties does not, in other words, control our decisionmaking process.

The Court, to be sure, approves that part of the District Court's opinion which holds that the Pennsylvania confession-of-judgment scheme cannot constitutionally be applied to the class of Pennsylvania residents who earn less than $10,000 annually and who enter into nonmortgage credit transactions, unless prior to judgment it is shown that they voluntarily and knowingly executed such instruments purporting to waive trial and appeal. On the other hand, the Court now affirms without discussion the refusals of the District Court (1) to extend similar class relief to confessed debtors who either enter into mortgage transactions and who earn more than $10,000 yearly, and (2) to declare the statutes facially unconstitutional. 314 F. Supp. 1091, 1102-1103, 1112 (1970).

[p207] It is anomalous that an appellee by confessing error can defeat an appeal. In the instant case we have not been handicapped by the appellees' refusal to oppose the judgment below. Finance companies intervened in the District Court. We have been fully informed by them and by amici of the many facets of this controversy. We should therefore discuss the merits and reach all issues tendered.

title: Swarb v. Lennox/Dissent Douglas


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Page:Karl Marx - Secret Diplomatic History of the Eighteenth Century (1899).djvu/55

 Rh the Whig rulers (they being rather unanimous on these points), never obtained the honours of historical criticism so lavishly spent upon the Spanish incident.

How apt modern historians generally are to receive their cue from the official tricksters themselves, is best shown by their reflections on the commercial interests of England with respect to Russia and Sweden. Nothing has been more exaggerated than the dimensions of the trade opened to Great Britain by the huge market of the Russia of Peter the Great, and his immediate successors. Statements bearing not the slightest touch of criticism have been allowed to creep from one book-shelf to another, till they became at last historical household furniture, to be inherited by every successive historian, without even the beneficium inventarii. Some incontrovertible statistical figures will suffice to blot out these hoary common-places.

During the same period the total

In 1716, after all the Swedish provinces in the Baltic, and on the Gulfs of Finland and Bothnia, had fallen into the hands of Peter I., the


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 (3) The High Court *** shall have and exercise such jurisdiction over the suits and cases to which the provisions of sub-paragraph (2) of this paragraph apply as the Governor may from time to time by order specify.

(4) A Regional Council or District Council, as the case may be, may with the previous approval of the Governor make rules regulating—
 * (a) the constitution of village councils and courts and the powers to be exercised by them under this paragraph;
 * (b) the procedure to be followed by village councils or courts in the trial of suits and cases under subparagraph (1) of this paragraph;
 * (c) the procedure to be followed by the Regional or District Council or any court constituted by such Council in appeals and other proceedings under sub-paragraph (2) of this paragraph;
 * (d) the enforcement of decisions and orders of such councils and courts;
 * (e) all other ancillary matters for the carrying out of the provisions of sub-paragraphs (1) and (2) of this paragraph.

[(5) On and from such date as the President may, [after consulting the Government of the State concerned], by notification appoint in this behalf, this paragraph shall have effect in relation to such autonomous district or region as may be specified in the notification, as if—
 * (i) in sub-paragraph (1), for the words “between the parties all of whom belong to Scheduled Tribes within such areas, other than suits and cases to which the provisions of sub-paragraph (1) of paragraph 5 of this Schedule apply,”, the words “not being suits and cases of the nature referred to in sub-paragraph (1) of paragraph (5) of this Schedule, which the Governor may specify in this behalf,” had been substituted;
 * (ii) sub-paragraphs (2) and (3) had been omitted;
 * (iii) in sub-paragraph (4)—
 * (a) for the words “A Regional Council or District Council, as the case may be, may with the previous approval of the Governor make rules regulating”, the words “the Governor may make rules regulating” had been substituted; and
 * (b) for clause (a), the following clause had been substituted, namely:—
 * “(a) the constitution of village councils and courts, the powers to be exercised by them under this paragraph and the courts to which appeals from the decisions of village councils and courts shall lie;”;
 * (c) for clause (c), the following clause had been substituted, namely:—
 * “(c) the transfer of appeals and other proceedings pending before the Regional or District Council or any court constituted by such Council immediately before the date appointed by the President under sub-paragraph (5);”; and
 * (d) in clause (e), for the words, brackets and figures “sub-paragraphs (1) and (2)”, the word, brackets and figure “sub-paragraph (1)” had been substituted.]


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Page:Alumni Oxonienses (1500-1714) volume 3.djvu/160

 Meyricke, Rowland (Merricke), born in co. Merioneth (s. Edmund), archdeacon (of Bangor). , matric. 10 Oct., 1590, aged 20.

Meyrike, Rouland, of co. Radnor, militis fil. ., matric. entry dated 14 Jan., 1596-7, aged 12; of Gladestry, co. Radnor (son of Sir Gelly, M.P.), M.P. New Radnor 1614. See Foster's Parliamentary Dictionary.

Meyricke, Roland (Merricke), s. John, of Pembroke (town), gent. ., matric. 20 June, 1623, aged 15.

Meyrick, Symon, of co. Hereford, pleb. , matric. 21 June, 1616, aged 23; B.A. 25 Feb., 1616-7, vicar of Burghill, co. Hereford, 1635. See Foster's Index Eccl.

Meyrick, Thomas (Merrick), s. Joh., of Barbados (town), gent. , matric. 23 Feb., 1682-3, aged 18. [],

Meyrick, Trevor, gent. ., matric. 31 July, 1658.

Meyricke, William (or Myrryke), fellow of. 1562, B.A. 24 July, 1564, M.A. sup. April, 1570; one of these names beneficed in Devonshire. See Foster's Index Eccl.

Meyricke, William (Merricke), scholar of. 1565, from Bodeon in Anglesea; fellow 1566-82, B.C.L. 28 Jan., 1573-4, D.C.L. 5 July, 1582, chantor and chancellor of Bangor 1582, rector of Llanvechell, Anglesey, 1581 (as Merrick alias Owen); died 1605; brother of John 1555. See Ath. ii. 844; Fasti, i. 221; & Foster's Index Eccl.

Me(y)ricke, William, of Herts, pleb. ., matric. entry under date 20 Dec., 1577, aged 19.

Meyrick, William (Mirick), of co. Glamorgan, pleb. ., matric. 25 Oct., 1611, aged 16. [],

Me(y)ricke, (Sir) William, subscribed 21 Oct., 1614; B.C.L. from. 18 April, 1621, D.C.L. 30 June, 1627, advocate Doctors' Commons 1629, a member of Lincoln's Inn, 1640, judge of the prerogative court of Canterbury 1641, knighted 8 Nov., 1661; died 1668. See Gent's. Magazine, 1825, i. 406-7; Fasti, i. 432; & Coote's Civilians, 76.

Meyricke, William, of co. Merioneth, pleb. , matric. 16 Feb., 1620-1, aged 27; B.A. 20 March, 1620-1.

Meyrick, William (Merrick), s. Tho., of Barbados (town), arm. ., matric. 14 Feb., 1705-6, aged 17; possibly a student of Lincoln's Inn 1712 (his father of Bristol). See Foster's Inns of Court Reg.

Meyrick, William, s. Joh., of Llanvary, co. Merioneth, pleb. ., matric. 19 Feb., 1705-6, aged 17; B.A. 1709.

Hiohaelson. John, s. John, of Chelmsford, Essex, S.T.D. WADHAM Coll., matric. 4 June, 1641, aged 17 (subscribed as ••Michleson") ; B.A 15 May, 1646, scholar 1645, until expelled by the mriiamentary visitors 1648, vicar of Asheldean, Essex, 1661, and rector of St. Lawrence Newland, Essex, 1663; his father vicar of Orsett, Essex, x66a See Gardiner ^ 150; Burrows, 560; & Foster's Index Eccl, [15]

Hiohelborne, Edward, of Hants, gent St. Mary Hall, matric entry under date 27 March, 15791 ^^ 14 niany years a commoner of Glou- cester Hall ; a Roman Catholic and the most noted Latin poet of his time in the university; buried 27 Dec., 1626, in the parish church of St Thomas the Martyr in the west suburb of Oxford. See Fasti, I 428.

lliolielborne, Edward, of Southants, equitis fil. Christ Church, matric. 8 Tune, 1604, aged 17 ; student of Middle Temple 1606, as son and heir of Edward, of Hamondes, Sussex, kt, M.P. Bramber 15a), who was knighted at Dublin 5 Aug., 1599. See Foster's Inns of Court Re^,

Miohelbome. Edward, arm. Magdalen Coll., matric. 10 Nov., 1654, student of Lincoln's Inn 1655 (as s. William, of Bradhurst, Surrey, esq. ) ; died at Lewes 11 April, 1700; buried atStanmer 16th. See Foster's Inns of Court Reg,

Hiolielbonie, John, of Sussex, militis fiL Queen's Coll., matric. 7 Dec, 1616, aged 16; student of Inner Temple 1620, as son and heir of Sir Richard, of Bradhurst, Sussex, knight, who was knighted 23 July, 1603. See Fosters Inns of Court Reg.

MiOhelborne, William (Mjchealbume), of Sussex, gent Hart Hall, matnc. 29 Jan., 1590-1, aged 18 ; student of Gray's Inn 1592, as of Newicke, Sussex. See Foster s Gra^s Inn Reg. TaO]

" MiOlielinas.*' Daniel, s. John, of Piemont, Savoy, minister. Lincoln Coll., matria 2 March, 1675-6, aged 17.

Mioliell, Bartholomew, fellow of Exeter Coll. 1520-7, M.A 26 Oct, 1521, B.D. sup. 10 Oct, 1533, fellow of Eton College 11 Jan., 1526-7, rector ofLudgvan, in Cornwall, 1536. See Boose, 31.

KiolieU, Bartholomew, B.A from Wadham Colu. 16 Dec., 1636, M.A. from Gloucester Hall 4 July, 1639, rector of Welboume, co Lincoln, 1641. See Foster's Index Eccl

Miohelly Charles, s. William, of Portlock, Somerset, cler. Magdalen Hall, matric. 31 May, 1698, aged 19; B.A from St. John's Coll. 29 Jan., 1701-2 ; M.A from Sydney Sussex Coll., Cam- bridge, 1709, vicar of Cannington 1707-11, rector of Otterhampton 1708-34, vicar of Old Cleeve (all Somerset) 171 3, until his death in 1735 ! brother of Robert 1689, and of William 1686. See Foster's Index Eccl.

Miohelly Charles, s. Charles, of Broughton, Wilts, cler. Hart Hall, matric. 11 May, 1709, aged 18 ; B.A. from Oriel Coll. 1713. rector of Maperton, Somerset, 1715-66. See Foster's Index EccL [25]

Michel, Christopher, scholar Corpus Christi Coll. 1540-1, from Lancaster. B.A 8 March, 1 540-1, fellow 1545, M. A sup. July, 1546, rector of Cbasde- ton, Oxon, 1545. See Foster's Index EccL

Hiohellj Christopher, B.A. 3 Nov., 1544; perbaps

sup. tor M. A 12 July, 1569. Miohell, David, of St. Andrew's University,

D.D. 9 Julv, 1661, prebendary of Westminster 1660,

bishop of Aberdeen Time, 1662, died Jan. following.

See Fasti, u. 257 ; & FasH EccL Scot, iii 886.

Mioliell, Doyley, s. John, of Kingstone RusselL Dorset, arm. Magdalen Hall, matric. 12 Dec., x66i, aged 16.

MiobeU, Edward (Mychell), of Sussex, gent. Balliol Coll., matric. 21 June, 1586, aged 17 ; B.A. 27 May, 1590, student of Inner 'Temple 159a, as of Rudgwick, Sussex, geot See Foster's Inns of Court Reg. [»0]

Mioliell, Edward, of Sussex, gent Balliol Colu, matric. 16 July, 1621, aged 16.

Miohell, Francis, ofEssex, gent Magdalen Hali^ matric entry imder date circa 1574. aged 18.

Hioliell, Gilbert, of Cornwall, pleb. Gloucester Hall, matric. entry under date 10 Jan., 1574-5, aged 18 ; of Bodmin (s. Ralph), bar.-at-law, Lin- coln's Inn, 1584, M.P. Bodmin 1584-5; died 28 March. 1615; perhaps father of Ralph. Sae Foster's Judges and Barristers.

Miohell, Gilbert, s. "GuL," of Kenwen, Cornwall, cler. Exeter Coll., matric. 12 March, 1705-6, aged 18; B.A 17 Feb., 1709-10; M.A from St. John's Coll., Cambridge, 171 5, rector of South Claypole, co. Lincoln, 1722, and rector of Eakring, Notts, 1722. See Foster's Index EccL

llichell, Henry, fellow of Oriel Coll. 1550-9, from York; B.A sup. Oct, 1545, M.A 13 July, 1554; perhaps rector of Whatcott, 00. Warwick, 1573. hc^Fo&Xefs Index EccL [35] [ 1007 ]


text:
Author:Matteo Galleano

Works

 * "Instantaneous Cure of Toothache", quoted in The Life of Dominic Savio by John Bosco

title: Author:Matteo Galleano


text:
Page:James Connolly - Socialism Made Easy (1909).djvu/53

Rh descendants of the formerly free tribesmen, all the efforts of the revolting serfs were directed to a destruction of the new order of things and to a rehabilitation of the old. Take as an example the various peasant wars of Germany, the Jacquerie of France, or the revolt of Wat Tyler and John Ball in England as being the best known; examine their rude literature in such fragments as have been preserved, study their speeches as they have been recorded even by their enemies, read the translations of their songs, and in all of them you will find a passionate harking back to the past, a morbid idealizing of the status of their fathers, and a continued exhortation to the suffering people to destroy the present in order that, in some vague and undefined manner, they might reconstitute the old.

The defeat of the peasantry left the stage clear for the emergence of the bourgeoisie as the most important subject class and for the development of the second period of which I have spoken. Did it develop? Well, in every account we have read of the conflicts between the nobility and the burghers in their guilds and cities we find that the aggressive part was always taken by the former and that wherever a revolt took place, the revolting guild merchants and artisans justified their act by an appeal to the past privileges which had been abrogated and the restoration of which formed the basis of their claims, and their only desire if successful in revolt. One of the most curious illustrations of this mental condition is to be found in the “History of the Rise of the Dutch Republic” by Motley, in which that painstaking historian tells how the Netherlands in their revolt against the Spanish Emperor continued for a generation to base their claims upon the political


text:
Author:Maria Paira

Works

 * "The Testimony of a Mother Concerning Her Son's Cure", quoted in The Life of Dominic Savio by John Bosco

title: Author:Maria Paira


text:
Author:Carlo Bellino

Works

 * "Sudden Cure of Rupture", quoted in The Life of Dominic Savio by John Bosco

title: Author:Carlo Bellino


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Page:James Connolly - Socialism Made Easy (1909).djvu/54

52 status of the provinces under a former Emperor, made war upon the Empire with troops levied in the name of the Emperor, and led by officers whose commissions were made out by the rebel provinces in the name of the sovereign they were fighting against. This mental condition lasted in England until the great Civil War, which ended by leaving Charles I. without a head, and the bourgeoisie, incarnated in Cromwell, firmly fixed in the saddle; in France it lasted till the Revolution. In both countries it was abandoned, not because of any a priori reasoning upon its absurdity nor because some great thinker had evolved a better scheme—but because the growth of the industrial system had made the capitalist class realize that they could at any moment stop the flow of its life-blood, so to speak, and from so realizing it was but a short mental evolution to frame a theory of political action which proclaimed that the capitalist class was the nation, and all its enemies the enemies of the nation at large. The last period of that social evolution had been reached, the last mental stage of the transition from feudal ownership to capitalist property.

Now let me apply this reading of our history to the development of the working class under capitalism and find out what lessons it teaches us, of value in our present struggle. Passing by the growth of the working class under nascent capitalism, as it belongs more to the period I have just dealt with than to the present subject, and taking up working class history from the point marked by the introduction of machinery to supplant hand labor—a perfectly correct standpoint for all practical purposes—we find in the then attitude of the workers an exemplification of the historical fidelity


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text:
Author:Lorenzo Pelazza

Works

 * "Cure of a Serious Affliction of the Eyes", quoted in The Life of Dominic Savio by John Bosco

title: Author:Lorenzo Pelazza


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text:
Author:G. B. Pellegrini

Works

 * "A Dangerous Illness Overcome", quoted in The Life of Dominic Savio by John Bosco

title: Author:G. B. Pellegrini


text:
Author talk:G. B. Pellegrini

Full name
The English translation of The Life of Dominic Savio refers to him as "J. B. Pellegrini". I assume that his name is Gianbattista or Giovanni Battista Pellegrini (anglicized as John Baptist Pellegrini), but unfortunately I have not been able to confirm this. —Beleg Âlt BT (talk) 17:53, 26 February 2024 (UTC)

Further information
According to this website, Pellegrini's testimony first appeared in the 7th edition of the Life of Dominic Savio (published in 1890). The full citation is: '''Pellegrini G. B., Ch. nel ven. Semin. dì Como.''' —Beleg Âlt BT (talk) 18:11, 26 February 2024 (UTC)

title: Author talk:G. B. Pellegrini


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Page:James Connolly - Socialism Made Easy (1909).djvu/64

Rh

advocates the Industrial and Political Organization of Labor, and makes a specialty of dealing with the Irish Question from the Socialist standpoint, the Socialist position from the Irish standpoint, and all questions from the standpoint of the Working Class.

Unique and unapproachable. A high-class literary magazine.

Monthly, five cents; per annum, fifty cents.


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Page:Holy Bible Translated from the Latin Vol 1.pdf/4

OS infrascripti, in alma Duacensi universitate Sacræ Theologiæ Doctores & Professores, hanc Anglicanam Veteris Testamenti translationem, quam tres diversi ejus nationis eruditissimi Theologi, non solum fidelem, sed propter diversa quæ ei sunt adjuncta, valde utilem fidei Catholicæ propagandæ ac tuendæ, & bonis moribus promovendis, sunt testati: quorum testimonia ipsorum syngraphis munita vidimur; cujus item Translationis, & Annotationum auctores nobis de fidei integritate, & eruditionis præstantia probe sunt noti: his rebus adducti & nixi, fructuose evulgari posse censuimus. Duaci. 8 Novembris, 1609.


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HE is lean as a wolf, and very old,—the white bitch that guards my gate at night. She played with most of the young men and women of the neighborhood when they were boys and girls. I found her in charge of my present dwelling on the day that I came to occupy it. She had guarded the place, I was told, for a long succession of prior tenants—apparently with no better reason than that she had been born in the woodshed at the back of the house. Whether well or ill treated she had served all occupants faultlessly as a watch. The question of food as wages had never seriously troubled her, because most of the families of the street daily contributed to her support.

She is gentle and silent,—silent at least by day; and in spite of her gaunt ugliness, her pointed ears, and her somewhat unpleasant eyes, everybody is fond of her. Children ride on her back,


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 and tease her at will; but although she has been known to make strange men feel uncomfortable, she never growls at a child. The reward of her patient good-nature is the friendship of the community. When the dog-killers come on their bi-annual round, the neighbors look after her interests. Once she was on the very point of being officially executed when the wife of the smith ran to the rescue, and pleaded successfully with the policeman superintending the massacres. “Put somebody’s name on the dog,” said the latter: “then it will be safe. Whose dog is it?” That question proved hard to answer. The dog was everybody’s and nobody’s—welcome everywhere but owned nowhere. “But where does it stay?” asked the puzzled constable. “It stays,” said the smith’s wife, “in the house of the foreigner.” “Then let the foreigner’s name be put upon the dog,” suggested the policeman.

Accordingly I had my name painted on her back in big Japanese characters. But the neighbors did not think that she was sufficiently safeguarded by a single name. So the priest of Kobudera painted the name of the temple on her left side, in beautiful Chinese text; and the smith put the name of his shop on her right side; and


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Detroit Free Press

 * /1915/Detroit Free Press statement by Henry Ford I/
 * /1915/Detroit Free Press statement by Henry Ford II/

 * /1954/An Instance of Costly Cause and Effect Which Detroiters Should Weigh Soberly/

see here

title: Detroit Free Press


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 the vegetable-seller put on her breast the ideographs for “eight-hundred,”—which represent the customary abbreviation of the word yaoya (vegetable-seller),—any yaoya being supposed to sell eight hundred or more different things. Consequently she is now a very curious-looking dog; but she is well protected by all that calligraphy.

I have only one fault to find with her: she howls at night. Howling is one of the few pathetic pleasures of her existence. At first I tried to frighten her out of the habit; but finding that she refused to take me seriously, I concluded to let her howl. It would have been monstrous to beat her.

Yet I detest her howl. It always gives me a feeling of vague disquiet, like the uneasiness that precedes the horror of nightmare. It makes me afraid,—indefinably, superstitiously afraid. Perhaps what I am writing will seem to you absurd; but you would not think it absurd if you once heard her howl. She does not howl like the common street-dogs. She belongs to some ruder Northern breed, much more wolfish, and retaining wild traits of a very peculiar kind.


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Rh of our conception. Suffering from the miseries attendant upon machine labor, the displacement of those supplanted and the scandalous overworking of those retained, the workers rioted and rebelled in a mad effort to abolish machinery and restore the era of hand labor. In a word, they strove to revert to past conditions, and their most popular orators and leaders were they who pictured in most glowing terms the conditions prevalent in the days of their fathers.

They were thus on the same mental plane as those mediæval peasants who, in their revolt, were fired by the hope of restoring the primitive commune. And just as in the previously cited case, the inevitable failure of this attempt to reconstruct the past was followed in another generation by movements which accepted the social order of their day as permanent, and looked upon their social status as wage-slaves as fixed and immutable in the eternal order of things. To this category belongs the trade union movement in all its history. As the struggles of the serfs and burghers in the middle ages were directed to no higher aim than the establishing of better relations between these struggling classes and their feudal overlords, as during those ages the division of society into ruling classes of king, lords, and church resting upon a basis of the serfdom of the producers, was accepted by all in spite of the perpetual recurrences of civil wars between the various classes, so, in capitalist society, the trade unionists, despite strikes, lock-outs, and black lists, accepted the employing class as part and parcel of a system which was to last through all eternity.

The rise of Industrial Unionism is the first sign that that—the second stage of the mental evolution of


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 And her howl is also peculiar. It is incomparably weirder than the howl of any European dog; and I fancy that it is incomparably older. It may represent the original primitive cry of her species,—totally unmodified by centuries of domestication.

It begins with a stifled moan, like the moan of a bad dream,—mounts into a long, long wail, like a wailing of wind,—sinks quavering into a chuckle,—rises again to a wail, very much higher and wilder than before,—breaks suddenly into a kind of atrocious laughter,—and finally sobs itself out in a plaint like the crying of a little child. The ghastliness of the performance is chiefly—though not entirely—in the goblin mockery of the laughing tones as contrasted with the piteous agony of the wailing ones: an incongruity that makes you think of madness. And I imagine a corresponding incongruity in the soul of the creature. I know that she loves me,—that she would throw away her poor life for me at an instant’s notice. I am sure that she would grieve if I were to die. But she would not think about the matter like other dogs,—like a dog with hanging ears, for example. She is too savagely close to Nature for