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miles onward, across Lake Superior to Kaministiquia, where the shore is 455 feet above that lake, the rate of northward ascent is reduced to only a half of a foot per mile.

Along a west to east course, the Nelson beach (named by Taylor in the vicinity of North Bay, Lake Ni pissing, probably not distinct from the Bel more beach in Ohio and northward to Mackinac island) is 385 feet above Lake Superior at Duluth ; 410 feet at Houghton, having an eastward ascent of 25 feet in 150 miles; 414 feet at the Sault Ste. Marie, running level for 200 miles east from Houghton ; and about 538 feet at the north side of Lake JSh'pissing, or 497 feet above that lake, and 1,140 feet above the sea. In the distance of 220 miles from Sault Ste. Marie to Lake Nipissing this beach now shows an ascent of 126 feet, or about seven inches per mile. These figures, with the preceding from Houghton to the north side of Lake Superior, justify to a remarkable degree Dr. Lawson's opinion that the ancient shore lines of Lake "Warren in the Superior basin remain parallel with* the water level of to-day. A.s compared with Chicago, the country enclosing Lake Su- perior has been uplifted 400 to 450 feet ; and the greater part of the differential elevation, expressed by tilting, took place upon the west to east belt of the northern peninsula of Mich- igan.

Three beaches of Lake Warren are mapped by Spencer and named the Ridge way, Arkona, and Forest beaches in Ohio, northwestern Michigan, and the province of Ontario north of Lake Erie. These probably represent the three noted at Chicago and about the south part of Lake Michigan. Farther north the number of distinct shore lines is much increased. In and near Duluth I find eight beaches referable to Lake Warren, the lowest being 50 feet above Lake Superior. On northern portions of the Lake Superior coast several of these seem, as shown by Lawson's observations with leveling, to be each represented by two or more shores, separated by vertical intervals of 10 feet or more. Most of the northern beaches, it should be remarked, are very feebly developed, even in the most favorable situations for their formation, and are not dis- cernible along the far greater part of the lake borders. Dur- ing all the time of differential uplifting of the Lake Warren basin and sinking of the water surface, whenever the dimin- ishing lacustrine area was nearly unchanged for a few years or longer, the erosion and deposition effected by the great waves of storms, and the tribute of streams forming deltas, recorded these shore lines. *

Lakes," Am. Geologist, vol. xiv, pp. 298. 301, Nov., 1894), supposes that an out- flow from Lakes Superior, Huron, Michigan, and PJrie, passed by the way of
 * Prof. Spencer, in his latest paper ("A Review of the History of the Great


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Rh Reelevation of the St. Lawrence river basin. 5

Erie glacial lakes, the far more extensive Lake Warren at the beginning of its existence occupied only the southern end of the basin of Lake Michigan. It grew northward as the ice- sheet retired, and in due time it received these two lakes to itself, expanding thus into the basins of Lakes Superior, Huron, and Erie. The maximum development of Lake Warren stretched from Thomson, Minn., above and west of Duluth, eastward to Lake Nipissing, a distance of nearly 600 miles ; and from Chicago, where it outflowed to the Des Plaines, Illi- nois, and Mississippi rivers, it extended eastward in its highest stages across the southern peninsula of Michigan, and later by way of the strait of Mackinaw and over Lakes Huron, St. Clair, and Erie, to the west end of the Lake Ontario basin and to Crittenden in southwestern New York. This area exceeded 100,000 square miles, being nearly equal to that of the glacial Lake Agassiz. The Belmore and JSTelson beaches, the two highest formed by Lake Warren in the basins of Lakes Erie, Huron, and Superior, called by Spencer the Ridgeway beach (a later name than N. H. Winchell's " Belmore ridge") in their united course about the west half of Lake Erie, show that, since the fullest expansion of this great glacial lake, the whole basin of Lake Superior and the country eastward to Lake Nipissing have been uplifted 400 to 550 or 600 feet, in comparison with Chicago and the southern part of the Lake Michigan basin, while the uplift at Cleveland has been about 115 feet, and at Crittenden, N. Y., not less than 260 feet (more probably about 300 feet).

In the vicinity of Chicago, Lake Warren formed three beaches, belonging to lake levels successively about 45 to 50 feet, 15 feet, and 30 feet above Lake Michigan. That the

Abandoned Strands of Lake Warren," Minnesota Geol. Survey, Twentieth An. Rep. for 1891. pp. 181-289. with map, profiles, and figures from photographs. P. B. Taylor, this Journal, III, vol. xliii, pp. 210-218, March, 1892 (Mackinac island); Bulletin Geol. Soe. Am., vol. v, pp. 620-626, with maps, April, 1894 (Lake Nipissing) : Am. Geologist, vol. xiii, pp. 316-327 (Green bay) and 365-383 (south coast of Lake Superior), with maps, May and June, 1894; id., vol. xiv, pp. 273-289 (east of Georgian bay), with map, Nov., 1894. The highest beach on Mackinac island, which Mr. Taylor calls the " Algonquin beach," seems to be correlative with his Nelson and higher beaches in the vicinity of Lake Nipissing, regarded in this paper as marking the early high stages of Lake Warren. C. "Whittlesey. Smithsonian Contributions, vol. xv, 1864, pp. 17-22. B.Andrews, " The North American Lakes considered as Chronometers of Postglacial Time," Trans. Chicago Academy of Sciences, vol. ft. Nearly all the edition of this im- portant paper was consumed in the Chicago fire of 1871. It is quite fully re- produced by James C. Southall, in "The Recent Origin of Man," 1875, chapter xxxiii (pp. 495-506, with sections) ; and in " The Epoch of the Mammoth and the Apparition of Man upon the Earth," 1878, chapter xxii (pp. 348-367, with sec- tions). N. H. Winchell, J. S. Newberry, E. W. Claypole, and G. P. Wright, as before cited. Geol. Survey of Canada, Report of Progress to 1863. pp. 912, 913. Warren Upham, Bulletin Geol. Soc. Am., vol. ii, pp. 258-265 ; vol. iii, pp. 484- 487. Geology of Minnesota, Twenty-second An. Rep. for 1893, as before cited. Am. Geologist, vol. xiv, pp. 62-65, July, 1894.

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uplift averages seven inches per mile ; and the eastward ascent is approximately three inches per mile. The latest and lowest of the Western Superior lake beaches observed at Duluth, occupied by the "boulevard" or pleasure driveway, 475 feet above the lake, on the bluffs back of the city, appears to have an ascent of only about 35 feet in the distance to Mt. Jose- phine, showing that the uplift of the land was quite rapidly in progress while the ice-front still maintained the lake at the St. Croix outlet. Not long after the glacial retreat passed east- ward beyond Mt. Josephine and Marquette, this lake was low- ered and merged with Lake Warren across the lowlands of the northern peninsula of Michigan. The vertical interval between the final stage of the Western Superior Lake and the level of Lake Warren shown by its earliest beach at Duluth was about 60 feet. Thenceforward the outlet of Lake Warren past Chi- cago carried away the drainage from the glacial melting and rainfall of the Superior basin.

The Western Erie glacial lake* — Outflowing from the southwestern end of the Lake Erie basin by a large abandoned watercourse, which reaches from Ft. Wayne, Ind., where the St. Joseph's and St. Mary's rivers unite to form the Maumee, across the present watershed to the Wabash river, this glacial lake formed two distinct beaches, named by N. H. Winchell the Yan Wert and Leipsic ridges, separated by a vertical inter- val of 15 to 20 or 25 feet. The upper or Yan Wert beach, with its crest varying in altitude from 200 to 220 feet above Lake Erie (whose mean height is 573 feet above the sea), extends about 75 miles east to Findlay, Ohio, and nearly an equal distance northeast past Bryan, Ohio, to the vicinity of Adrian, Mich., if not farther. At Findlay the lake while forming this beach, as Winchell and Leverett have shown, was bounded on the north by the ice-sheet then forming the Blan- chard moraine. The second or Leipsic beach of the Western Erie Lake, ranging in height from 190 to 210 feet, runs from Ft. Wayne eastward 175 miles to its termination, as described by Leverett, at the line of a later moraine close southwest of

Geology of Ohio, vol. i. 1873, pp. 540-556, with two maps. N. H. Winchell, Proc. A. A. A. S., vol. xxi, for 1872, pp. 171-179 ; Geology of Ohio, vol. ii, 1874, pp. 56. 431-4H3, etc. J. S. Newberry, Geology of Ohio, vol. ii pp. 46-65, with three maps and numerous sections. E. W. Claypole, "The Lake Age in Ohio," Trans. Geol. Soc. Edinburgh, 1887, p. 42, with four maps. G. F. Wright, The Ice Age in North America, 1889, chapter xv (with reproduction of Prof. Clay- pole"s maps, that of Lake Erie-Ontario being on p. 355). J. W. Spencer, this Journal, III, vol. xli, p. 208, with map, March, 1891; Bulletin, Geol. Soc. Am., vol. ii, 1891, pp. 465-476, with map. Frank Leverett, this Journal, III, vol. xliii, pp. 281-297. with map, April, 1892. Warren Upham. Bulletin, Geol. Soc. Am., vol. ii, p. 259; Minnesota Geol. Survey, Twenty-second Ann. Rep. for 1893, p. 62 (first use of the name Western Erie Glacial Lake).
 * G. K. Gilbert, this Journal, IIT, vol. i, pp. 339-345, with map, May, 1871;


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Picking up hitch-hikers even in 2000 AD is risky business

He was standing at the side of the glassite super-highway, his arm half-raised, thumb pointed in the same direction as that of the approaching rocket car. Ordinarily Frederick Marden would have passed a hitch-hiker without stopping, but there was something in the bearing and appearance of this one that caused him to apply his brakes.

Marden opened the door next to the vacant seat beside him.

"Going my way?" he asked.

A pair of steady, unsmiling blue eyes looked him over. "Yeah."

"All right, then. Hop in."

The hitch-hiker took his time. He slid into the seat with casual deliberateness and slammed the car door shut. The rocket car got under way once more.

They rode in silence for half a mile or so. Finally Marden glanced questioningly at his companion's expressionless profile.

"Where are you headed for?" he asked.

"Dentonville." He spoke from the corner of his mouth, without turning his head.

"Oh, yes. That's the next town, isn't it?"

"Yeah."

Not very communicative, reflected Marden, noticing the rather ragged condition of the other's celo-lex clothing.


text:
Author:William Henry Pauley

Works

 * SHL Imaging, Inc. v. Artisan House, Inc. (2000)

title: Author:William Henry Pauley


text:
Author:Herr Glessner Creel

Works

 * Tricks of the Press

title: Author:Herr Glessner Creel


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title: Four Favourite Songs (2)


text: Four Favourite Songs (2)/The Sailor's Journal


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 a plunge beneath the surface would bring him upon the very roofing of Sheol.

It is the wild flowers of a land that outlive its devastations:—it is these that outlive the disasters or the extermination of its people:—it is these that out-live misrule, and that survive the desolations of war. It is these "witnesses for God"—low of stature as they are, and bright, and gay, and odoriferous—that, because they are infructuous, are spared by marauding bands. These gems of the plain and of the hill-side outlast the loftiest trees of a country:—they live on to witness the disappearance of gigantic forests: they live to see the extinction of the cedar, and of the palm, and of the ilex, and of the terebinth, and of the olive, and of the acacia, and of the vine, and of the figtree, and of the myrtle:—they live to see fulfilled, in themselves, the word—"every high thing shall be brought low; and the humble shall rejoice." So has it been in Palestine: once it was a land of dense timber growths, and of frequent graceful clusters of smaller trees, and of orchards, and of vineyards, which retains now, only here and there, a remnant of these adornments. Meanwhile, the alluvial plains of the land, and its hill sides, are gay, every spring, with the embroidery of flowers—the resplendent crocus, the scented hyacinth, the anemone, the narcissus, the daffodil, the florid poppy, and the ranunculus, the tulip, the lily, and the rose. These jewels of the spring morning—these children


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 of the dew—bedded as they are in spontaneous profusion upon soft cushions of heather, and divans of sweet thyme—invite millions of bees, and of the most showy of the insect orders:—flowers, perfumes, butterflies, birds of song, all things humble and beautiful, here flourish, and are safe—for man seldom intrudes upon the smiling wilderness!

Nevertheless, skirting the flowery plains of Palestine, in a few spots, there are yet to be found secluded glades, in which the cypress and the acacia maintain the rights of their order to live; and where, as of old, "the birds sing among the branches." And so live still, on spots, the fruit-bearing trees—the apricot, the peach, the pear, the plum, the fig, the orange, the citron, the date, the melon, the tamarisk, and—noblest of all fruits—the grape, "that maketh glad man's heart:" all still exist, as if in demonstration of what God has heretofore done for this sample land of all lands, and may do again.

A sample land, in every sense, was the ancient Palestine to be, and therefore it was so in its climate. The round of the seasons here exhibits a greater compass of meteorologic changes—there are greater intensities of cold and of heat—there is more of vehemence in wind, rain, hail, thunder, lightning, not to say earthquake, than elsewhere in any country between the same parallels of latitude, and within limits so narrow. Altogether unlike to this condition of aerial unquietness are the neighbouring coun-


text: Four Favourite Songs (2)/Culloden

title: Four Favourite Songs (2)/Culloden


text: Four Favourite Songs (2)/Old Towler

title: Four Favourite Songs (2)/Old Towler


text: Four Favourite Songs (2)/Pease Strae

title: Four Favourite Songs (2)/Pease Strae


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HE golden conception of a Paradise is the Poet's guiding thought. This bright Idea, which has suffused itself among the traditions of Eastern and of Western nations in many mythical forms, presents itself in the Mosaic books in the form of substantial history; and the conception, as such, is entirely Biblical. Genuine Poetry follows where a true Theology leads the way; and the one as well as the other must have—Truth in History—as its teacher and companion. It is in the style and mode of a true history that we receive the theologic principle of a Creation which was faultless, at the first. The beginning of history thus coincides with that first axiom of Religion which affirms all things to be of God, and all perfect. A morning hour of the human system there was when man—male and female—unconscious of evil, and unlearned in suffering, was inheritor of immortality. In this belief Piety takes its rise; and in this conception of the tranquil plenitude of earthly good—a summer's day of hom's unnumbered and unclouded—Poetry


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 has its source; and toward this Idea—retained as a dim hope—it is ever prone to revert. The true Poet is the man in whose constitution the tendency so to revert to this Idea is an instinct born with him, and with whom it has become a habit, and an inspiration.

Whatever it may be, within the compass of Poetry, that is the most resplendent, and whatever it is that awakens the profoundest emotions—whether they be joyful or sorrowful—whatever it is that breathes tenderness, as well as whatever kindles hope—draws its power so to touch the springs of feeling from the same latent conception of a perfectness and a happiness possible to man, and which, when it is set forth in words, presents itself as a tradition of Paradise. Poetry, of any class, would take but a feeble hold of the human mind—distracted as it is with cares, broken as it is with toils, sorrowing in recollection of yesterday, and in fear as to to-morrow—if it did not find there a shadowy belief, like an almost forgotten dream, of a world where once all things were bright, gay, pure, and blessed in love. The Poet comes to us in our troubled mood, professing himself to be one who is qualified to put before us, in the vivid colours of reality, these conceptions of a felicity which we vaguely imagine, and think of as lost to humanity; and which yet, perhaps, is recoverable. We turn with distaste—even with contempt or resentment—from the false professor of the noblest of arts whose creations con-


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 tain no recognition, explicit or tacit, of this proper element and germ of true Poetry.

Whether or not a belief of this kind may have obtained a place in our Creed, the feeling is deep in every human spirit, to this effect—That, at some time—we know not when—in some world, or region—we know not where—the brightest of those things which the Poet imagines were realized in the lot of man. But is, then, this conception an illusion? Is it a myth that has had no warrant? It is not so, nor may we so think of it. If there had been no such reality, there could have been no such imagination. If there had been no Garden of Eden, as a first page in human history, never should the soothings of Poetry have come in to cheer the gloom of common life, or to temper its griefs;—never should its aspirations have challenged men to admit other thoughts than those of a sensual or a sordid course.

Four words—each of them full of meaning—comprise the conceptions which we attribute to the Paradisaical state. They are these— and it is toward these conditions of earthly happiness that the human mind reverts, as often as it turns, sickened and disappointed from the pursuit of whatever else it may ever have laboured to acquire. The Innocence which we here think of is not virtue, recovered:—it is not virtue that has passed through its season of trial; but it is Moral Perfectness, darkened by no thought or knowledge of the contrary. This Para-


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undefined

the last twenty years, so much has been laid before the English public concerning the early Romans, that but few words of introduction are here needed.

Engraved monuments existed from the beginning of Roman story, but they could yield only fragmentary information, not continuous narrative. The actual writing of history came so late, that to recover the early events was an arduous attempt. The writers, in fact, had no critical experience, and were patriotically credulous, even when they aimed at truth. Nor only so, but the aristocracy falsified their family records through vanity, and the Senate garbled their own decrees through party-spirit.

Cicero and Livy were extremely well aware of the untrustworthiness of the ancient Roman tales; but


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vi fast an erroneous tradition, the more subtly we pursue its consequences, the worse does our falsehood become.

In attempting to reconstruct the picture of most ancient Rome, much aid is gained from the singular adherence of the Romans to precedent and form in the development of their constitution. This often enables the modern critic to read the ancient state of things, as the print in a rock shows to a geologist the nature of the leaf which marked it.

The learned reader will understand that to acknowledge obligations would be on the part of the writer an absurdity in such a subject. The only originality which can be here pretended, is that of having come with a fresh mind to old discussions.


text:
Author:John Henry Alexander

Works

 * Model Engine Construction, with Practical Instructions to Artificers and Amateurs (1894)
 * Elementary Electrical Engineering (1906)
 * Model Balloons and Flying Machines (1910)

title: Author:John Henry Alexander


text:
Page:Calcutta Review Vol. II (Oct. - Dec. 1844).pdf/348

Rh forms, such as are found to exist in this district, has a more comprehensive character, and a more liberal tendency, than that pursued in the Bengali schools. The systematic use of books, although in manuscript, is a great step in advance, accustoming the minds of the pupil to forms of regular composition, to correct and elegant language, and to trains of consecutive thought, and thus aiding both to stimulate the intellect and to form the taste. It might be supposed that the moral bearing of some of the text-books would have a beneficial effect on the character of the pupils; but, as far as I have been able to observe or ascertain, those books are employed like all the rest solely for the purpose of conveying lessons in language—lessons in the knowledge of sounds and words, in the construction of sentences, or in anecdotical information, but not for the purpose of sharpening the moral perceptions or strengthening the moral habits. This, in general native estimation, does not belong to the business of instruction, and it never appears to be thought of or attempted. Others will judge, from their own observation and experience, whether the Musalman character, as we see it in India, has been formed or influenced by such a course of instruction. The result of my own observation is that of two classes of persons—one exclusively educated in Muhammadan and the other in Hindu literature—the former appears to me to possess an intellectual superiority, but the moral superiority does not seem to exist.”

2. Arabic Schools.—Of this description there are two sorts, which may be contradistinguished as Formal Arabic and Learned Arabic, properly so called.

The former of these institutions may be described as intended exclusively for “instruction in the formal or ceremonial reading of certain passages of the Koran.”

"“The whole time stated to be spent at school varies from one to five years. The teachers possess the lowest degree of attainment to which it is possible to assign the task of instruction. They do not pretend to be able even to sign their names; and they disclaim altogether the ability to understand that which they read and teach. The mere forms, names, and sounds of certain letters and combinations of letters they know and teach, and what they teach is all that they know of written language, without presuming, or pretending, or aiming to elicit the feeblest glimmering of meaning from these empty vocables. This whole class of schools is as consummate a burlesque upon mere forms of instruction, separate from a radical meaning and purpose, as can well be imagined. The teachers are all Kath-Mollas—that is, the lowest grade of Musalman priests, who chiefly derive their support from the ignorance and superstition of the poor classes of their co-religionists, and the scholars are in training for the same office.”"

After such a statement, we need not be surprised at Mr. Adam’s conclusion, that “no institution can be more insignificant and useless, and in every respect less worthy of notice, than those Arabic schools, viewed as places of instruction.”

The learned schools, properly so called, are of course of a higher order. They are intimately connected with the Persian, and almost imperceptibly run into each other.

“The Arabic teacher teaches Persian also in the same school and to the same pupils; and an Arabic school is sometimes known from a Persian school only by having a single Arabic scholar studying the most elementary Arabic


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time ago there lived a king and queen who had no children, although they both wished very much for a little son. They tried not to let each other see how unhappy they were, and pretended to take pleasure in hunting and hawking and all sorts of other sports; but at length the king could bear it no longer, and declared that he must go and visit the furthest corners of his kingdom, and that it would be many months before he should return to his capital.

By that time he hoped he would have so many things to think about that he would have forgotten to trouble about the little son who never came.

The country the king reigned over was very large, and full of high, stony mountains and sandy deserts, so that it was not at all easy to go from one place to another. One day the king had wandered out alone, meaning to go only a little distance, but everything looked so alike he could not make out the path by which he had come. He walked on and on for hours, the sun beating hotly on his head, and his legs trembling under him, and he might have died of thirst if he had not suddenly stumbled on a little well, which looked as if it had been newly dug. On the surface floated a silver cup with a golden handle, but as it bobbed about whenever the king tried to seize it, he was too thirsty to wait any longer and knelt down and drank his fill.

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Rh caprice. During the period that they are nominally students, their attendance from day to day is equally uncontrolled and unregulated except by their own wishes and convenience. Many of the students are mere children, while others are grown up men. The business of the school commences at six in the morning and continues till eleven, and again at mid-day and continues till four. Every scholar reads a separate lesson to the master, one coming when another withdraws, so that there is a total absence of classification.

“The weekly periods of vacation are for Arabic students every Tuesday and Friday, and for Persian students every Thursday and Friday, and the annual periods of vacation are the whole of the month Ramzan, ten days for the Mohurrum, and five days at four different periods of the year required by other religious observances. It thus appears that this institution has no organisation or discipline, and that the course of instruction is exceedingly meagre.”

From such a course of teaching and discipline what beneficial effect on the mind and character could possibly be expected to result? To suppose any such sanatory influence possible, would be to annihilate or reverse the established laws of antecedence and consequence. Perhaps the only consolation consists in knowing, that, in these lower provinces, the whole scheme of a purely Arabic education is so extremely limited in its extent. In the five zillahs or districts, so often named already, Mr. Adam found only 158 Arabie students, of whom nine were Hindus and 149 Musalmans. When we reflect on the genuine spirit of the Muhammadan system—how it inculcates a mere negative faith of lifeless empty Theism—re-establishes the reign of sensuality on earth to be terminated by a “paradise of lust” in the world to come—encourages the craving thirst of conquest and blood—stimulates the malignant passions of hatred and revenge—and even “commands irreconcilable enmity, eternal warfare, eternal slaughter, to propagate throughout the world a belief in its blood-stained prophet of pride and lust;” when we reflect on all this, we may be disposed to reckon it a gracious interposition of Providence, that the study of the higher Arabic literature is at so low an ebb, instead of regretting that the more advanced disciples of this “pure old doctrine of all-conquering Islam and of all-surpassing faith” are so few in number, and drink so scantily at its original well-heads.

3. Sanskrit Schools.—This class of schools is that in which “the literature, law, philosophy, and religion of the Hindus are taught through the medium of the Sanskrit language; and with reference to the number of seminaries and students, the nature of the influence which learned Hindus possess, and the amount of the population over whom it is exercised, this can be considered inferior in importance only to the class of vernacular schools, from which the great body of the people derive the chief part of the instruction they receive.” Sanskrit learning is, to


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 When he had finished he began to rise from his knees, but somehow his beard seemed to have stuck fast in the water, and with all his efforts he could not pull it out. After two or three jerks to his head, which only hurt him without doing any good, he called out angrily, ‘Let go at once! Who is holding me?’

‘It is I, the King Kostieï,’ said a voice from the well, and looking up through the water was a little man with green eyes and a big head. ‘You have drunk from my spring, and I shall not let you go until you promise to give me the most precious thing your palace contains, which was not there when you left it.’

Now the only thing that the king much cared for in his palace was the queen herself, and as she was weeping bitterly on a pile of cushions in the great hall when he had ridden away, he knew that Kostieï’s words could not apply to her. So he cheerfully gave the promise asked for by the ugly little man, and in the twinkling of an eye, man, spring, and cup had disappeared, and the king was left kneeling on the dry sand, wondering if it was all a dream. But as he felt much stronger and better he made up his mind that this strange adventure must really have happened, and he sprang on his horse and rode off with a light heart to look for his companions.

In a few weeks they began to set out on their return home, which they reached one hot day, eight months after they had all left. The king was greatly beloved by his people, and crowds lined the roads, shouting and waving their hats as the procession passed along. On the steps of the palace stood the queen, with a splendid golden cushion in her arms, and on the cushion the most beautiful boy that ever was seen, wrapped about in a cloud of lace. In a moment Kostieï’s words rushed into the king’s mind, and he began to weep bitterly, to the surprise of everybody, who had expected him nearly to die of joy at the sight of his son. But try as he would and work as hard as he might he could never forget his promise, and every

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 WEATHER PREDICTION

Accurate weather predictions at least 24 hours in advance were needed to allow the task force to complete the complex final preparations for a detonation and to give reasonable assurance that radiological safety could be maintained. Cloud cover had to be at a minimum for the ABLE airdrop to allow the bombardier to see the target ship. Wind direction, not only near the surface but up to 60,000 feet (18.3 km), had to be such that it would not carry fallout over the task force. Moreover, wind direction had to be fairly steady so that fallout areas would be predictable. Tropical meteorology was not well developed at that time, and detailed data of past weather patterns at Bikini were lacking. The exacting forecasting requirements for CROSSROADS posed a major challenge.

The official forecast issued the day before a planned detonation and used as a major element in the decision to proceed included: the amount, in tenths of sky coverage, of low, middle, and high clouds; the altitude of the base and top of the low clouds and the altitude of other cloud layers; precipitation (if expected); the wind direction and velocity in 5,000-foot (1.5-km) increments from the surface to 60,000 feet (18.3 km); height of the tropopause; and visibility, temperature, and relative humidity (Reference C.9.207, p. VII-(O)-17).

Responsibility for furnishing weather forecasts or weather advice for task force operations was vested in the Staff Aerological Unit located on Mount McKinley. The unit was to prepare special forecasts for the Radiological Safety Unit to help anticipate movement of the radioactive cloud (Reference B.0.1, p. T-2). Because of lack of space on Mount McKinley, a significant portion of the personnel doing weather data analysis was stationed on Kwajalein at the Weather Central. To supply upper air and surface data, aerological units of from four to six personnel were stationed on USS Shangri-La (CV-38), USS Saidor (CVE-117), USS Fall River (CA-131), and USS Albemarle (AV-5). These personnel also provided weather briefings to task group commanders and aircrews. To gather surface data, one-man aerological units were stationed aboard USS Orca (AVP-49), Bowditch, USS Kenneth Whiting (AV-14), USS Blue Ridge (AGC-2), and USS Appalachian (AGC-1). Weather Central received reports daily or more often from weather stations on Wake, Enewetak, Tarawa, Majuro, Kwajalein, and Marcus islands and from two weather ships northeast and northwest of the Marshall Islands at 12°45'N, 180°0'W and 12°0'N, 153°40'E., respectively (Reference C.9.207, p. VII-(O)-22). Data from more distant U.S. and foreign weather stations funneled through Fleet Weather Central in Hawaii were also used.

At least one B-29 and one PB4Y-2 flew out of Kwajalein each day for weather reconnaissance, the B-29s usually toward the east and the PB4Y-2s toward the west. More flights were scheduled as necessary. On ABLE and BAKER days, three flights passed through the Bikini area.

The weather forecast for the following day was presented to CJTF 1 each day at 0830. From that he decided if the weather would allow the next day's planned operations. A second briefing for the commander was held daily at 2200. On the basis of this briefing, he decided whether to hold to the morning's decision or alter it. Continued weather input was provided the commander (Reference C.9.207, pp. VII-(O)-9, through VII-(O)-19).

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 If a pair of chipped or hatching eggs are put under a pair of birds that have been sitting for sixteen days, their presence will always stimulate the secretion of the soft food, and the young will be duly nourished. The formation of this curdy secretion—true pigeon's milk—is a very remarkable fact; it seems determined altogether by the process of sitting; it is produced equally in both parents, though the hen sits for about twenty hours, and the cock usually for only four—namely, from about ten or eleven in the morning to two or three in the afternoon.

To receive this nourishment the young thrusts its beak into the side of the mouth of the old bird, in such a position that the soft food which is disgorged from the crop of the parent, with a sort of convulsive shudder, is received into the lower mandible or jaw, which is widely expanded in order to receive it. It is singular that so simple an action as this should have heen so greatly misrepresented as it has been by many writers. Even so good an observer as Yarrell described, in his "British Birds," the old pigeons as feeding the young by placing their beaks in the mouths of the little ones, and overlooked altogether the beautiful adaptation of the broad spoon-shaped lower jaw to the habits of the animals.

As the young advance, the soft food lessens in quantity, and the grain and seeds that constitute the nourishment of the parents become mingled with it; and when about eight or ten days old the young are fed with disgorged grain and seeds only, until such time as they are able to fly and seek their own nourishment.

The secretion of this curdy nutriment was first described in the "Philosophical Transactions" by the celebrated physiologist John Hunter, whose account of the process is as follows:—

"There is infinite variety in the means by which nature provides for the support of the young. In many insects it is effected by the female instinctively depositing the egg, or whatever contains the rudiments of the animal, in such a situation that, when hatched, it may be within reach of proper food; others, as the humble bee, collect a quantity of peculiar substances which serves both as a nidus for the egg and nourishment for the maggot, when the embryo arrives at that state. Most birds, and many of the bee tribe, collect food for their young. There is likewise a number of animals capable of supplying immediately from their own bodies the nourishment proper for their offspring during this stage, a mode of nourishment which has hitherto been supposed to be peculiar to that class of animals which Linnæus calls Mammalia; nor has it, I imagine, been ever suspected to belang to any other.

"I have, however, in many inquiries concerning the various modes in which young animals are nourished, discovered that all the Dove kind are endowed with similar power. The young pigeon, like the young quadruped, till it is capable of digesting the common food of its kind, is fed with a substance suited for that purpose by the parent animal; not, as the Mammalia, by the female alone, but also by the male, which, perhaps, furnishes this nutriment in a degree still more abundant. It is a common property of birds, that both male and female are


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186Rh the internal condition of China, returning finally, in a concluding chapter, to the hopes for the future which are permissible in the present difficult situation.

With the exception of Spain and America in the sixteenth century, I cannot think of any instance of two civilizations coming into contact after such a long period of separate development as has marked those of China and Europe. Considering this extraordinary separateness, it is surprising that mutual understanding between Europeans and Chinese is not more difficult. In order to make this point clear, it will be worth while to dwell for a moment on the historical origins of the two civilizations.

Western Europe and America have a practically homogeneous mental life, which I should trace to three sources: (1) Greek culture; (2) Jewish religion and ethics; (3) modern industrialism, which itself is an outcome of modern science. We may take Plato, the Old Testament, and Galileo as representing these three elements, which have remained singularly separable down to the present day. From the Greeks we derive literature and the arts, philosophy and pure mathematics; also the more urbane portions of our social outlook. From the Jews we derive fanatical belief, which its friends call "faith"; moral fervour, with the conception of sin; religious intolerance, and some part of our nationalism. From science, as applied in industrialism, we derive power and the sense of power, the belief that we are as gods, and may justly be, the arbiters of life and death for unscientific races. We derive also the empirical method, by which almost all real knowledge has been acquired. These three elements, I think, account for most of our mentality.

No one of these three elements has had any


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 equally employed in hatching and in feeding the young; but this particular mode of nourishment, by means of a substance secreted in their own bodies, is peculiar to certain kinds, and is carried in the crop.

"Besides the Dove kind, I have some reason to suppose parrots to be endowed with the same faculty, as they have the power of throwing up the contents of the crop, and feeding one another. I have seen the cock parroquet regularly feed the hen, by first filling his own crop, and then supplying her from his beak. Parrots, Macaws, Cockatoos, &c., when they are very fond of the person who feeds them, may likewise be observed to have the action of throwing up the food, and often do it. The cock pigeon, when he caresses the hen, performs the same kind of action as when he feeds his young; but I do not know if at this time he throws up anything from the crop.

"During incubation, the coats of the crop in the pigeon are gradually enlarged and thickened, like what happens to the udder of females of class Mammalia in the term of gestation. On comparing the state of the crop, when the bird is not sitting, with its appearance during incubation, the difference is very remarkable. In the first case, it is thin and membraneous; but by the time the young are about to be hatched, the whole, except what lies on the trachea, becomes thicker, and takes on a glandular appearance, having its internal surface very irreeglar. It is likewise evidently more vascular than in its former state, that it may convey a quantity of blood sufficient for the secretion of the substance which is to nourish the young for some days after they are hatched.

"Whatever may be the consistence of this substance when just secreted, it must probably very soon coagulate into a granular white curd, for in such form have always found it in the crop; and if an old pigeon is killed just as the young ones are hatching, the crop will be found as described, and in its cavity pieces of white curd mixed with some of the common food of the pigeon, such as barley, beans, &c.

"If we allow certain of the parents to feed the brood, the crop of the young pigeons, when examined, will be discovered to contain the same kind of curdled substance as that of the old ones, which passes from them into the stomach, where it is digested.

"The young pigeon is fed for a little time with this substance only, as about the third day some of the common food is found mingled with it; as the pigeon grows older the proportion of common food is increased; so that it is seven, eight, or nine days old, before the sceretion of the curd ceases in the old ones, and of course no more will be found in the crop of the young ones.

"I have called this substance curd, not being literally so, but resembling that more than anything I know; it may, however, have a greater resemblance to curd than we are perhaps aware of, for neither this sceretion, nor curd from which whey has been pressed, seems to contain any sugar, and does not run into the acetous fermentation. The property of coagulating is confined to the substance itself, as it produced no such effect when mixed with milk.

"This secretion in the pigeon, like all other animal substances, becomes putrid


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 time he let the baby out of his sight he thought that he had seen it for the last time.

However, years passed on and the prince grew first into a big boy, and then into a fine young man. Kostieï made no sign, and gradually even the anxious king thought less and less about him, and in the end forgot him altogether.

There was no family in the whole kingdom happier than the king and queen and prince, until one day when the youth met a little old man as he was hunting in a lonely part of the woods.

‘How are you my unlooked-for Prince?’ he said. ‘You kept them waiting a good long time!’

‘And who are you?’ asked the prince.

‘You will know soon enough. When you go home give my compliments to your father and tell him that I wish he would square accounts with me. If he neglects to pay his debts he will bitterly repent it.’

So saying the old man disappeared, and the prince returned to the palace and told his father what had happened.

The king turned pale and explained to his son the terrible story.

‘Do not grieve over it, father,’ answered the prince. It‘It [sic] is nothing so dreadful after all! I will find some way to force Kostieï to give up his rights over me. But if I do not come back in a year’s time, you must give up all hopes of ever seeing me.’

Then the prince began to prepare for his journey. His father gave him a complete suit of steel armour, a sword, and a horse, while his mother hung round his neck a cross of gold. So, kissing him tenderly, with many tears they let him go.

He rode steadily on for three days, and at sunset on the fourth day he found himself on the seashore. On the sand before him lay twelve white dresses, dazzling as the snow, yet as far as his eyes could reach there was no one in sight to whom they could belong. Curious to see

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187Rh appreciable part in the development of China, except that Greece indirectly influenced Chinese painting, sculpture, and music. China belongs, in the dawn of its history, to the great river empires, of which Egypt and Babylonia contributed to our origins, by the influence which they had upon the Greeks and Jews. Just as these civilizations were rendered possible by the rich alluvial soil of the Nile, the Euphrates, and the Tigris, so the original civilization of China was rendered possible by the Yellow River. Even in the time of Confucius, the Chinese Empire did not stretch far either to south or north of the Yellow River. But in spite of this similarity in physical and economic circumstances, there was very little in common between the mental outlook of the Chinese and that of the Egyptians and Babylonians. Lao-Tze and Confucius, who both belong to the sixth century, have already the characteristics which we should regard as distinctive of the modern Chinese. People who attribute everything to economic causes would be hard put to it to account for the differences between the ancient Chinese and the ancient Egyptians and Babylonians. For my part, I have no alternative theory to offer. I do not think science can, at present, account wholly for national character. Climate and economic circumstances account for part, but not the whole. Probably a great deal depends upon the character of dominant individuals who happen to emerge at a formative period, such as Moses, Mahomet, and Confucius.

The oldest known Chinese sage is Lao-Tze, the


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 what would happen, he took up one of the garments, and leaving his horse loose, to wander about the adjoining fields, he hid himself among some willows and waited. In a few minutes a flock of geese which had been paddling about in the sea approached the shore, and put on the dresses, struck the sand with their feet and were transformed in the twinkling of an eye into eleven beautiful young girls, who flew away as fast as they could. The twelfth and youngest remained in the water, stretching out her long white neck and looking about her anxiously. Suddenly, among the willows, she perceived the king’s son, and called out to him with a human voice:

‘Oh Prince, give me back my dress, and I shall be for ever grateful to you.’

The prince hastened to lay the dress on the sand, and walked away. When the maiden had thrown off the goose-skin and quickly put on her proper clothes, she came towards him and he saw that none had ever seen or told of such beauty as hers. She blushed and held out her hand, saying to him in a soft voice:

‘I thank you, noble Prince, for having granted my request. I am the youngest daughter of Kostieï the immortal, who has twelve daughters and rules over the kingdoms under the earth. Long time my father has waited for you, and great is his anger. But trouble not yourself and fear nothing, only do as I bid you. When you see the King Kostieï, fall straightway upon your knees and heed neither his threats nor his cry, but draw near to him boldly. That which will happen after, you will know in time. Now let us go.’

At these words she struck the ground with her foot and a gulf opened, down which they went right into the heart of the earth. In a short time they reached Kostieï’s palace, which gives light, with a light brighter than the sun, to the dark kingdoms below. And the prince, as he had been bidden, entered boldly into the hall.

Kostieï, with a shining crown upon his head, sat in

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 by standing, though not so readily as either blood or meat, it resisting putrefaction for a considerable time; neither will curd much pressed become putrid so soon as either blood or meat."

The young are fed until they have attained nearly their full size and perfect plumage, so that they are capable of fluttering after their parents, and flapping them with their wings until they disgorge the contents of their full crops into the throats of their greedy young.

Four species of the genus Columba inhabit Great Britain. They are:—

1. The Cushat, which is also known as the Quest, Ring Dove, or common Wood Pigeon, the Columba palumbus of ornithologists. This is the largest of our native species, and is readily distinguished by the two white spots on the neck, the white patch on the wings, and the reddish purple colour of the breast and neck. The Cushat is an arboreal species, nesting and roosting in trees, and is not found on the coasts or in rocky treeless districts. This species does not possess the capability of being domesticated; even when eggs of the Cushat have been obtained and hatched under domesticated pigeons, the birds so reared have always betaken themselves to the woods on acquiring their full powers of flight.

2. The Rock Dove, or Blue Rock Dove, the Columba livia of scientific treatises. This is distinguished from the other English species of a blue colour by its having the lower half of the back white. This is the original of our domesticated breeds, and is described at length in the followiug chapter.

3. The Blue-backed or Stock Dove, Columba Ænas. This species was, until the time of Brisson and Tomminck, confounded with the last named, and the title of stock dove was bestowed upon it, as it was supposed to be the origin or wild stock of our domastic breeds. This idea is now known to be erroneous, for the bird is not capable of domestication. The Stock Dove usually breeds in the hollows of decayed trees, sometimes in deserted rabbit burrows; and recently Mr. Harting has ascertained that in some localities it makes its nest on the cliffs of the seacoast, in situations somewhat resembling those selected by the last species.

4. The Turtle Dove, Columba turtur, the smallest of our British species, is a very elegant little bird, of a greyish-brown colour, having on the neck two large black spots, the feathers of which are tipped with white. The Turtle is too delicate to withstand the rigours of our winter, and departs for warmer latitudes in September.

In many of the treatises that have been published on pigeons, the existence of another distinct specics, the Dovehouse Pigeon, Columba affinis, has been mentioned; but there is no doubt that this is a mere variety of the Colimba livia, and that it has no title whatever to be regarded as a distinct species.

Another species of dove is well known in England, though not a native of Britain—namely, the Collared Dove, Columba risoria—characterized by its pale cream colour, which is only varied by a black ring or collar on the neck. This


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 bird has been domesticated from very remote periods. By the ancicnts it was sacred to Venus, and it was unquestionably the dove alluded to in the Old and New Testaments. It breeds freely in confinement, even when in cages of moderate size. Although a native of warm climates, it may be allowed its liberty in the southern parts of England, and may occasionally be seen flying with domesticated pigeons; but it is apt to be killed by the cold of very severe winters.

A purely white variety of this species, destitute of the black collar, is not uncommon in confinement.

All these five species are perfectly distinct from each other; if a pair be matched, the male being of any one of these species and the female of another, they will not unfrequently breed, but the offspring are invariably sterile hybrids or mules.


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Author:Irita Bradford Van Doren

As editor

 * The Nation
 * New York Herald Tribune

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   Upon two of these modern crusades he concentrated, and, as I have said, he chose them well. The first was broadly what was called the Humanitarian cause. It did not mean the cause of humanity, but rather, if anything, the cause of everything else. At its noblest it meant a sort of mystical identification of our life with the whole life of nature. So a man might wince when a snail was crushed as if his toe were trodden on; so a man might shrink when a moth shrivelled as if his own hair had caught fire. Man might be a network of exquisite nerves running over the whole universe, a subtle spider's web of pity. This was a fine conception; though perhaps a somewhat severe enforcement of the theological conception of the special divinity of man. For the humanitarians certainly asked of humanity what can be asked of no other creature; no man ever required a dog to understand a cat or expected the cow to cry for the sorrows of the nightingale.

Hence this sense has been strongest in saints of a very mystical sort; such as St. Francis who spoke of Sister Sparrow and Brother Wolf. Shaw adopted this crusade of cosmic pity but adopted it very much in his own style, severe, explanatory, and even un-


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   sympathetic. He had no affectionate impulse to say "Brother Wolf"; at the best he would have said "Citizen Wolf," like a sound republican. In fact, he was full of healthy human compassion for the sufferings of animals; but in phraseology he loved to put the matter unemotionally and even harshly. I was once at a debating club at which Bernard Shaw said that he was not a humanitarian at all, but only an economist, that he merely hated to see life wasted by carelessness or cruelty. I felt inclined to get up and address to him the following lucid question: "If when you spare a herring you are only being oikonomikal, for what oikos are you being nomikal?" But in an average debating club I thought this question might not be quite clear; so I abandoned the idea. But certainly it is not plain for whom Bernard Shaw is economising if he rescues a rhinoceros from an early grave. But the truth is that Shaw only took this economic pose from his hatred of appearing sentimental. If Bernard Shaw killed a dragon and rescued a princess of romance, he would try to say "I have saved a princess" with exactly the same intonation as "I have saved a shilling." He tries to turn his own heroism into a sort of superhuman


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   thrift. He would thoroughly sympathise with that passage in his favourite dramatic author in which the Button Moulder tells Peer Gynt that there is a sort of cosmic housekeeping; that God Himself is very economical, "and that is why He is so well to do."

This combination of the widest kindness and consideration with a consistent ungraciousness of tone runs through all Shaw's ethical utterance, and is nowhere more evident than in his attitude towards animals. He would waste himself to a white-haired shadow to save a shark in an aquarium from inconvenience or to add any little comforts to the life of a carrion-crow. He would defy any laws or lose any friends to show mercy to the humblest beast or the most hidden bird. Yet I cannot recall in the whole of his works or in the whole of his conversation a single word of any tenderness or intimacy with any bird or beast. It was under the influence of this high and almost superhuman sense of duty that he became a vegetarian; and I seem to remember that when he was lying sick and near to death at the end of his Saturday Review career he wrote a fine fantastic article, declaring that his hearse ought to be drawn by all the


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   animals that he had not eaten. Whenever that evil day comes there will be no need to fall back on the ranks of the brute creation; there will be no lack of men and women who owe him so much as to be glad to take the place of the animals; and the present writer for one will be glad to express his gratitude as an elephant. There is no doubt about the essential manhood and decency of Bernard Shaw's instincts in such matters. And quite apart from the vegetarian controversy, I do not doubt that the beasts also owe him much. But when we come to positive things (and passions are the only truly positive things) that obstinate doubt remains which remains after all eulogies of Shaw. That fixed fancy sticks to the mind; that Bernard Shaw is a vegetarian more because he dislikes dead beasts than because he likes live ones.

It was the same with the other great cause to which Shaw more politically though not more publicly committed himself. The actual English people, without representation in Press or Parliament, but faintly expressed in public-houses and music-halls, would connect Shaw (so far as they have heard of him) with two ideas; they would say first that he was a vegetarian, and second that he was a


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   Socialist. Like most of the impressions of the ignorant, these impressions would be on the whole very just. My only purpose here is to urge that Shaw's Socialism exemplifies the same trait of temperament as his vegetarianism. This book is not concerned with Bernard Shaw as a politician or a sociologist, but as a critic and creator of drama. I will therefore end in this chapter all that I have to say about Bernard Shaw as a politician or a political philosopher. I propose here to dismiss this aspect of Shaw: only let it be remembered, once and for all, that I am here dismissing the most important aspect of Shaw. It is as if one dismissed the sculpture of Michael Angelo and went on to his sonnets. Perhaps the highest and purest thing in him is simply that he cares more for politics than for anything else; more than for art or for philosophy. Socialism is the noblest thing for Bernard Shaw; and it is the noblest thing in him. He really desires less to win fame than to bear fruit. He is an absolute follower of that early sage who wished only to make two blades of grass grow instead of one. He is a loyal subject of Henri Quatre, who said that he only wanted every Frenchman to have a chicken in his pot on Sunday; except, of


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   course, that he would call the repast cannibalism. But cæteris paribus he thinks more of that chicken than of the eagle of the universal empire; and he is always ready to support the grass against the laurel.

Yet by the nature of this book the account of the most important Shaw, who is the Socialist, must be also the most brief. Socialism (which I am not here concerned either to attack or defend) is, as everyone knows, the proposal that all property should be nationally owned that it may be more decently distributed. It is a proposal resting upon two principles, unimpeachable as far as they go: first, that frightful human calamities call for immediate human aid; second, that such aid must almost always be collectively organised. If a ship is being wrecked, we organise a lifeboat; if a house is on fire, we organise a blanket; if half a nation is starving, we must organise work and food. That is the primary and powerful argument of the Socialist, and everything that he adds to it weakens it. The only possible line of protest is to suggest that it is rather shocking that we have to treat a normal nation as something exceptional, like a house on fire or a shipwreck. But of such things it may be necessary to speak later. The point


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1. Name and territory of the Union.—(1) India, that is Bharat, shall be a Union of States.

[(2) The States and the territories thereof shall be as specified in the First Schedule.]

(3) The territory of India shall comprise—

 * (a) the territories of the States;

 * [(b) the Union territories specified in the First Schedule; and]

 * (c) such other territories as may be acquired.

2. Admission or establishment of new States.—Parliament may by law admit into the Union, or establish, new States on such terms and conditions as it thinks fit.

2A. [Sikkim to be associated with the Union.] Omitted by the Constitution (Thirty-sixth Amendment) Act, 1975, s. 5 (w.e.f. 26-4-1975).

3. Formation of new States and alteration of areas, boundaries or names of existing States.—Parliament may by law—
 * (a) form a new State by separation of territory from any State or by uniting two or more States or parts of States or by uniting any territory to a part of any State;

 * (b) increase the area of any State;

 * (c) diminish the area of any State;

 * (d) alter the boundaries of any State;

 * (e) alter the name of any State:

[Provided that no Bill for the purpose shall be introduced in either House of Parliament except on the recommendation of the President and unless, where the proposal contained in the Bill affects the area, boundaries or name of any of the States, the Bill has been referred by the President to the Legislature of that State for expressing its views thereon within such period as may be specified in the reference or within such further period as the President may allow and the period so specified or allowed has expired.]

[Explanation I.—In this article, in clauses (a) to (e), “State” includes a Union territory, but in the proviso, “State” does not include a Union territory.

Explanation II.—The power conferred on Parliament by clause (a) includes the power to form a new State or Union territory by uniting a part of any State or Union territory to any other State or Union territory.]

4. Laws made under articles 2 and 3 to provide for the amendment of the First and the Fourth Schedules and supplemental, incidental and consequential matters.—(1) Any law referred to in article 2 or article 3 shall contain such provisions for the amendment of the First Schedule and the Fourth Schedule


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 "I like men of action," she at last returned. "Men who've been through something."

"And I've been through nothing—I see—but the long discipline of my choked passion for you."

She kept answering—her bold grave eyes fixed on him, counting with nothing, evading nothing—as if she had not heard him. "If it could be a man of your kind at all it would be you. There are things in you I like so. But that you should give up anything for me—that I should find quite horrible. You must become great. Intellectually," she explained as if she quoted it out of a book.

"Yes," Ralph laughed even while he sighed—"dry up to it, shrivel down to it! You must despise me to say such a thing as that to me! Why not tell me at once that you hope you may never see me again?"

"You're beautiful," she remarked without pity.

"A beautiful worm?" he asked; "a delicate classified insect? a slow-crawling library beetle, slightly iridescent, warranted compressible—that is resisting the squash—when the book is closed to on him?"

"You're beautiful," she simply repeated.

He appeared at this to take something of it in, or at any rate to make something of it out. "Why won't it just do then that one is a gentleman—and for all that not a fool?"

"Oh it does do—for being glad I know you and that you're just as you are. It's good to know 12


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 there are people like you—though I assure you I don't dream there are many. You're beautiful," she observed once more.

"Thank you very much!" he observed with frank irritation. "I had rather you found me ugly enough to think of. If I could make out what it is you want one to have done I promise you it wouldn't leave me gaping. What is it, what is it?" he pressed. "There's something you've a fancy for that we're not in the way of—any of us: devilish poor lot as we are! I've at least this superiority, you see, that I want to know it. Name it—come, name it; and no matter how dreadful or how criminal it may be I won't flinch from it."

Still with her eyes on him, and even, as it might have seemed, with the oddest perversity of admiration, she waited after her wont. But when she spoke it was terrible. "Just pursue your studies."

It positively affected him for an instant as a blow across the face, putting a quick flush there and a tear in each eye. "How you must really hate me!" And then as she herself changed colour: "And all because I've written a book!"

Though she changed colour indeed she granted nothing: "Which I've read," she only replied, "with the greatest interest—even if I don't pretend to have understood it all. I hope you'll write many more." 13


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 "'Many more'!"—he laughed out. "Charming," he scoffed without seeing where he went, "charming the way you appear to imagine one throws such things off! The idea people have of 'books'!" He had gone too far before he saw it—had gone so far that the next instant, at the sight of something in her face, there was nothing but to pull up. She really cared, and he had been calling her 'people,' had been grotesquely tilting before her at a shapeless object stuck up by himself, and stuck up crooked. She really cared, yes; yet what was it withal she cared for? He took a different tone in a moment to ask her, and in another she had begun in her own way to tell him.

"I've had in my mind—in connection with my ever marrying again—a condition; but it's a matter I meant to speak of only when driven to the wall, as I'm bound to say I think you've driven me." With which she went on as if it explained everything. "I've come home, you know, to stay."

For Ralph it explained too little; yet as there was something in her look that amplified it he saw more or less what was coming and he smiled without pleasure. "You said that—don't you remember?—the last time."

"Yes, I said it the last time, and you've every right to laugh at it and to doubt it. No one but myself can know that I'm serious, or why, and I can't give my reasons and I dare say I must accept 14


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 being ridiculous. At any rate," she added with a kind of beautiful grimness, "I shan't parade my ridicule about the world. I shall have it out here." The force of her emphasis affected him indeed as strange, but she pursued before he had time to take it up. "I shall never—oh but never—go back."

It struck of a sudden a fuller light, and he seemed to understand. There was something she wouldn't, she couldn't name, but her accent alone sufficiently betrayed it. She had had "somewhere abroad," as poor Ralph used so often to put it, an encounter, an adventure, an agitation, that, filling her with rage or shame, leaving behind it a wound or a horror, had ended by prescribing to her, as a balm or vengeance, the abjuration of the general world that had made it possible. What such an accident could have been—to such a woman—was ground for wonder; but Ralph felt easily enough that it was yet none of his affair and that he should even perhaps at no price ever learn it. It had poisoned for her a continent, a hemisphere, and such a hush for the moment fell upon him that he might verily have been in presence of it. While they kept in communication during these instants he at any rate put things together. "The condition you speak of is then that one shall never ask you again to leave this country?"

She shook her head as for pity of his poor vision, though he pretended so to vision. "No. It's worse than that." 15


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 as may be necessary to give effect to the provisions of the law and may also contain such supplemental, incidental and consequential provisions (including provisions as to representation in Parliament and in the Legislature or Legislatures of the State or States affected by such law) as Parliament may deem necessary.

(2) No such law as aforesaid shall be deemed to be an amendment of this Constitution for the purposes of article 368.

5. Citizenship at the commencement of the Constitution.—At the commencement of this Constitution, every person who has his domicile in the territory of India and—

(a) who was born in the territory of India; or

(b) either of whose parents was born in the territory of India; or

(c) who has been ordinarily resident in the territory of India for not less than five years immediately preceding such commencement,

shall be a citizen of India.

6. Rights of citizenship of certain persons who have migrated to India from Pakistan.—Notwithstanding anything in article 5, a person who has migrated to the territory of India from the territory now included in Pakistan shall be deemed to be a citizen of India at the commencement of this Constitution if—

(a) he or either of his parents or any of his grand-parents was born in India as defined in the Government of India Act, 1935 (as originally enacted); and

(b) (i) in the case where such person has so migrated before the nineteenth day of July, 1948, he has been ordinarily resident in the territory of India since the date of his migration, or

(ii) in the case where such person has so migrated on or after the nineteenth day of July, 1948, he has been registered as a citizen of India by an officer appointed in that behalf by the Government of the Dominion of India on an application made by him therefor to such officer before the commencement of this Constitution in the form and manner prescribed by that Government:

Provided that no person shall be so registered unless he has been resident in the territory of India for at least six months immediately preceding the date of his application.

7. Rights of citizenship of certain migrants to Pakistan.—Notwithstanding anything in articles 5 and 6, a person who has after the first day of March, 1947, migrated from the territory of India to the territory now included in Pakistan shall not be deemed to be a citizen of India:

Provided that nothing in this article shall apply to a person who, after having so migrated to the territory now included in Pakistan, has returned to the territory of India under a permit for resettlement or permanent return issued by or under the authority of any law and every such person shall for the purposes of clause (b) of article 6 be deemed to have migrated to the territory of India after the nineteenth day of July, 1948.

8. Rights of citizenship of certain persons of Indian origin residing outside India.—Notwithstanding anything in article 5, any person who or either of whose parents or any of whose grandparents was born in India as defined in the Government of India Act, 1935 (as originally enacted), and who is ordinarily residing in any country outside India as so defined shall be deemed to be a citizen of India if he has been registered as a citizen of India by the diplomatic or consular representative of India in the country where he is for the time being residing on an application made by him therefor to such diplomatic or consular representative, whether before or after the commencement of this Constitution, in the form and manner prescribed by the Government of the Dominion of India or the Government of India.

9. Persons voluntarily acquiring citizenship of a foreign State not to be citizens.— No person shall be a citizen of India by virtue of article 5, or be deemed to be a citizen of India by virtue of article 6 or article 8, if he has voluntarily acquired the citizenship of any foreign State.


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 Then it was really that he guessed, though there was something in him that couldn't make him eagerly jump to it. "Of course," he vaguely observed, "your having had your fill!"

"Yes," she sighed with all the meaning his drop didn't grasp, "I've had my fill!"—and she turned away as if he might already now see too much. The next minute, however, she was upon him again with what had to serve for the time as the rest of the story. "It's too monstrous a thing to ask, and I don't ask it. It makes everything so impossible that I should have liked a thousand times better your not speaking to me. It can do, you see, neither of us any good; for it only offers me as rather crazy—as heartlessly perverse if you like—and yet gives you no hope of curing or redeeming me. I should have to ask, you know," she now fully explained, "for a vow."

He smiled from further off. "That I shall take my oath?"

"Never yourself to go."

"Not anywhere, you mean?"

Her pause had this time more visible thought. "Nowhere you most want. Oh," she declared, "I know what you most want and what you've a thousand reasons for wanting. I know just what your admirable life has been and how, by so rare a chance, you've been held fast here and prevented. I know you're at last free, and that—except, if you insist on it, your idea about me 16


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text: Constitution of India (2020)/Part I

title: Constitution of India (2020)/Part I


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 —you've naturally now no other thought in your head but to make up for lost time and repair your sacrifice. That's naturally your necessity much more than the fancied necessity in obedience to which you've spoken to me; and my conviction of this is what makes me bold to speak to you as I do. I don't fear, you see"—she gathered confidence, she gathered even a force of expression she had never known, as she went—"that I shall have it on my conscience that I've succeeded with you. I shall on the contrary simply have exposed myself; which I shan't at all regret, however, if I've helped you to clear up your feelings." To this service of charity in fact, and nothing more, she had finally the air of lending herself, while Pendrel began to take it all from her as if he too saw the truth. It was at the same time characteristic of her that at the moment of indicating the sacrifice she made, the exposure, as she called it, that she consented to, for his ultimate peace, she drove well home the knife she had planted. "My excuse would have been—if there were any chance for me—that you happened to be so perfect a case for what I call to myself salvation. One doesn't easily find a man of your general condition who has not, as we say, 'been'; and much less therefore a man of your particular one. By your particular one," Aurora Coyne wonderfully proceeded, "I mean that of knowing so much that might seem to have 17


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 been to be got at only by immense experience. You know everything, and yet you've learnt it all over here; some miracle or other has worked for you or—it comes to the same thing!—for my vision of you: I don't know, even with your happy conditions, after all, what it can have been, but it makes you, doesn't it? the single case of your kind. If you had been spoiled there would have been no use—and of course as it is there's none. Only I can't help having just put it to you thus," she wound up, "that you've not been spoiled."

There was no doubt of the nature of the effort made by Pendrel to do these remarks justice. "You do put it to me with the magnificence that attends every breath of your being. I haven't been spoiled—I see quite what you mean—I only can be."

"You only will be," she said almost tenderly. "You'll be beautifully spoiled."

"For you, that is, of course," Ralph went on.

"For me—certainly. Isn't it only of myself after all that we're talking?"

He answered nothing and the silence between them was for a little as if she had suddenly given him a chance. This effect moreover grew from what he finally said; which was after he had restlessly moved to the window, looked out thence for some instants and then come back. "You would definitely accept me if I did formally give up everything but this?"—and he jerked his 18


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The Sense of the Past (London: W. Collins Sons & Co., 1917)/The Sense of the Past

{{{!}} class="aux auxtoc"
 * Book First
 * align="right" | 1
 * Book Second
 * align="right" | 37
 * Book Third
 * align="right" | 87
 * Book Fourth
 * align="right" | 114
 * Chapter 1
 * align="right" | 114
 * Chapter 2
 * align="right" | 139
 * Chapter 3
 * align="right" | 216
 * Chapter 4
 * align="right" | 272
 * }
 * align="right" | 139
 * Chapter 3
 * align="right" | 216
 * Chapter 4
 * align="right" | 272
 * }
 * align="right" | 272
 * }


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The Sense of the Past

 * The Sense of the Past (London: W. Collins Sons & Co., 1917)
 * — First English book edition
 * The Sense of the Past (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1917)
 * — First American book edition; a small number of copies were bound with front matter identifying it as Volume 26 of The Novels and Tales of Henry James (i.e. the "New York Edition"), and sold exclusively to collection subscribers.

title: The Sense of the Past


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Notes for The Sense of the Past

 * "Notes for The Sense of the Past" in The Sense of the Past (London: W. Collins Sons & Co., 1917)
 * — First English book edition
 * "Notes for The Sense of the Past" in The Sense of the Past (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1917)
 * — First American book edition; a small number of copies were bound with front matter identifying it as Volume 26 of The Novels and Tales of Henry James (i.e. the "New York Edition"), and sold exclusively to collection subscribers.

title: Notes for The Sense of the Past


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 head at the outer world of which he had with such intensity just renewed his impression.

"Ah," she disappointingly answered, "I don't absolutely say that."

Poor Pendrel again stared. "Then what do you say at all? Do you expect me to renounce for nothing?"

"I don't expect you, as I've perfectly told you, in any degree to renounce. Why should you?" she added. "No one will ever have an idea of what you have lost."

"No one but myself," he said with his eyes on her.

"Oh I think you will least of all."

She had answered so straight that it had almost the sound of levity; by the hint of which he was justly enough irritated. "It's too portentous—what you ask!"

But she found for this her quickest reply. "I don't ask anything. It's you who ask. I only answer. I decline the honour of your hand, and I give my reasons. If I had given none I should have been doubtless less absurd, and my reward is that I'm not really sure I should have been even less cruel. I'm sure," she continued, "but of one thing—or rather perhaps of two: that I'm as insane as you please, but that I'm also as rigid. Don't think, at all events, that you need, or that you possibly can, tell me how my attitude strikes you. Do me the simple justice to believe that I know." 19


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forgot the Captain and the route of Giraldus de Barri. He became suddenly satisfied that the ruined castle in his present neighbourhood was the best possible specimen of its class, and that it was needless to carry his researches further.

He visited the farm daily found himself always welcome; flattered himself that the young lady saw him with pleasure, and dragged a heavier chain at every new parting


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 from Miss Susan, as the children called his nymph of the mountains. What might be her second name, he had vainly endeavoured to discover.

Mr. Chainmail was in love: but the determination he had long before formed and fixed in his mind, to marry only a lady of gentle blood, without a blot in her escutcheon, repressed the declarations of passion which were often rising to his lips. In the meantime, he left no means untried, to pluck out the heart of her mystery.

The young lady soon divined his passion, and penetrated his prejudices. She began to look on him with favorable eyes; but she feared her name and parentage would present an insuperable barrier to his feudal pride.

Things were in this state when the Captain


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 returned, and unpacked his maps and books in the parlour of the inn.

Really, Captain, I find so many objects of attraction in this neighbourhood, that I would gladly postpone our purpose.

Undoubtedly, this neighbourhood has many attractions; but there is something very inviting in the scheme you laid down.

No doubt, there is something very tempting in the route of Giraldus de Barri. But there are better things in this vicinity even than that. To tell you the truth, Captain, I have fallen in love.

What! while I have been away?


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Even so.

The plunge must have been very sudden, if you are already over head and ears.

As deep as Llyn-y-dreiddiad-vrawd.

And what may that be?

A pool not far off: a resting-place of a mountain stream, which is said to have no bottom. There is a tradition connected with it, and here is a ballad on it, at your service:


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 So she appeared quietly to conclude, and it was in her quietness indeed that her perversity most showed; though this was in a manner an aid, if a lame one, to her suitor, called upon at a moment's notice both to measure its extent and to give up the hope of getting round it. "You call me a 'case,' but it seems to me you're at least as extraordinary a one."

"I didn't apply the term to you abusively," she made sufficient haste to explain. And then as, however she applied it, he but sat, in his hard dilemma, with his head in his hands: "Am I not the first to admit that I can only appear unaccountably exalted—it's the word you must have in your mind about me; and exalted on the subject on which it most seems to people grotesque to be so?" She gave herself up, in fine, as extravagant, maniacal, and then, further, to the moral of it, which was that they lacked all ground for possibly meeting. They must accept their preposterous difference, and she could herself do so the better that she was sure of what he had intended to say to her. He had his plans made; he "sailed," didn't he? next week, next month, next year even, if that should be more convenient to her, and had come to propose that she should sail with him. This was, as he saw, not so much as discussable; but he must go on sailing as if nothing whatever had happened. He must stay a long time, and it was indeed all but a certainty 20


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text:
Robert E. Howard to Emil Petaja, Dec 17, 1934

Dear Mr. Petaja:

Thank you very much for the splendid sonnet. I feel deeply honored that a poem of such fine merit should be dedicated to me. You seem to grasp the motif of my stories, the compelling idea-force behind them which is the only excuse for their creation, more completely than any one I have yet encountered. This fine sonnet reveals your understanding of the abstractions I have tried to embody in these tales.

In response to your request for an ms. copy, I am sure I can find something of the sort, when I rearrange my files, which are at the present in a chaotic state. In the meantime I am enclosing a so far unpublished bit of verse, "Cimmeria", for your notebook. Hope you like it.

Thanking you again for the splendid sonnet, I am,

Cordially,

Robert E. Howard


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text:
Cimmeria

I remember

The dark woods, masking slopes of sombre hills; The grey clouds' leaden everlasting arch; The dusky streams that flowed without a sound. And the lone winds that whispered down the passes.

Vista on vista marching, hills on hills, Slope beyond slope, each dark with sullen trees, Our gaunt land lay. So when a man climbed up A rugged peak and gazed, his shaded eye Saw but the endless vista — hill on hill, Slope beyond slope, each hooded like its brothers.

It was a gloomy land that seemed to hold All winds and clouds and dreams that shun the sun, With bare boughs rattling in the lonesome winds, And the dark woodlands brooding over all, Not even lightened by the rare dim sun Which made squat shadows out of men; they called it Cimmeria, land of Darkness and deep Night.

It was so long ago and far away I have forgot the very name men called me. The axe and flint-tipped spear are like a dream, And hunts and wars are shadows. I recall Only the stillness of that sombre land; The clouds that piled forever on the hills, The dimness of the everlasting woods. Cimmeria, land of Darkness and the Night.

Oh, soul of mine, born out of shadowed hills, To clouds and winds and ghosts that shun the sun, How many deaths shall serve to break at last This heritage which wraps me in the grey Apparel of ghosts? I search my heart and find Cimmeria, land of Darkness and the Night.

title: Cimmeria


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Well, your ballad is very pleasant: you shall shew me the scene, and I will sketch it; but just now I am more interested about your love. What heroine of the twelfth century has risen from the ruins of the old castle, and looked down on you from the ivied battlements?


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You are nearer the mark than you suppose. Even from those battlements, a heroine of the twelfth century has looked down on me.

Oh! some vision of an ideal beauty. I suppose the whole will end in another tradition and a ballad.

Genuine flesh and blood; as genuine as Lady Clarinda. I will tell you the story. Mr. Chainmail narrated his adventures.

Then you seem to have found what you wished. Chance has thrown in your way what none of the gods would have ventured to promise you.


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Yes, but I know nothing of her birth and parentage. She tells me nothing of herself, and I have no right to question her directly.

She appears to be expressly destined for the light of your baronial hall. Introduce me: in this case, two heads are better than one.

No, I thank you. Leave me to manage my chance of a prize, and keep you to your own chance of a —

Blank. As you please. Well, I will pitch my tent here, till I have filled my portfolio, and shall be glad of as much of your company as you can spare from more attractive society.


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 Matters went on pretty smoothly for several days, when an unlucky newspaper threw all into confusion. Mr. Chainmail received newspapers by the post, which came in three times a week. One morning, over their half-finished breakfast, the Captain had read half a newspaper very complacently, when suddenly he started up in a frenzy, hurled over the breakfast table, and, bouncing from the apartment, knocked down Harry Ap-Heather, who was coming in at the door to challenge his supposed rival to a boxing-match.

Harry sprang up, in a double rage, and intercepted Mr. Chainmail's pursuit of the Captain, placing himself in the doorway, in a pugilistic attitude. Mr. Chainmail, not being disposed for this mode of combat, stepped back into the parlour, took the poker in his right hand, and displacing the


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 loose bottom of a large elbow chair, threw it over his left arm, as a shield. Harry, not liking the aspect of the enemy in this imposing attitude, retreated with backward steps into the kitchen, and tumbled over a cur, which immediately fastened on his rear.

Mr. Chainmail, half-laughing, half-vexed, anxious to overtake the Captain, and curious to know what was the matter with him, pocketed the newspaper, and sallied forth, leaving Harry roaring for a doctor and tailor, to repair the lacerations of his outward man.

Mr. Chainmail could find no trace of the Captain. Indeed, he sought him but in one direction, which was that leading to the farm; where he arrived in due time, and found Miss Susan alone. He laid the newspaper on the table, as was his custom, and


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 proceeded to converse with the young lady: a conversation of many pauses, as much of signs as of words. The young lady took up the paper, and turned it over and over, while she listened to Mr. Chainmail, whom she found every day more and more agreeable, when, suddenly, her eye glanced on something which made her change colour, and dropping the paper on the ground, she rose from her seat, exclaiming: "Miserable must she be who trusts any of your faithless sex! never, never, never, will I endure such misery twice." And she vanished up the stairs. Mr. Chainmail was petrified. At length, he cried aloud: "Cornelius Agrippa must have laid a spell on this accursed newspaper;" and was turning it over, to look for the source of the mischief, when Mrs. Ap-Llymry made her appearance.


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 What have you done to poor dear Miss Susan? she is crying ready to break her heart.

So help me the memory of Richard Cœur-de-Lion, I have not the most distant notion of what is the matter.

Oh, don't tell me, sir; you must have ill-used her. I know how it is. You have been keeping company with her, as if you wanted to marry her; and now, all at once, you have been trying to make her your mistress. I have seen such tricks more than once, and you ought to be ashamed of yourself.

My dear madam, you wrong me utterly. I have none but the kindest feelings, and


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 the most honourable purposes towards her. She has been disturbed by something she has seen in this rascally paper.

Why, then, the best thing you can do is to go away, and come again tomorrow.

Not I, indeed, madam. Out of this house I stir not, till I have seen the young lady, and obtained a full explanation.

I will tell Miss Susan what you say. Perhaps she will come down. Mr. Chainmail sate with as much patience as he could command, running over the paper, from column to column. At length, he lighted on an announcement of the approaching marriage of Lady Clarinda Bossnowl with Mr. Crotchet the younger.


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 This explained the Captain's discomposure, but the cause of Miss Susan's was still to be sought; he could not know that it was one and the same.

Presently the sound of the longed-for step was heard on the stairs; the young lady reappeared, and resumed her seat: her eyes showed that she had been weeping. The gentleman was now exceedingly puzzled how to begin, but the young lady relieved him by asking, with great simplicity: "What do you wish to have explained, sir?"

I wish, if I may be permitted, to explain myself to you. Yet could I first wish to know what it was that disturbed you in this unlucky paper. Happy should I be if I could remove the cause of your inquietude!


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 The cause is already removed. I saw something that excited painful recollections; nothing that I could now wish otherwise than as it is.

Yet, may I ask why it is that I find one so accomplished, living in this obscurity, and passing only by the name of Miss Susan?

The world and my name are not friends. I have left the world, and wish to remain for ever a stranger to all whom I once knew in it.

You can have done nothing to dishonor your name.

No, sir. My father has done that of which the world disapproves, in matters of


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 which I pretend not to judge. I have suffered for it as I will never suffer again. My name is my own secret: I have no other, and that is one not worth knowing. You see what I am, and all I am. I live according to the condition of my present fortune, and here, so living, I have found tranquillity.

Yet, I entreat you, tell me your name. Why, sir?

Why, but to throw my hand, my heart, my fortune, at your feet, if—

If my name be worthy of them.

Nay, nay, not so; if your hand and heart are free.


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 My hand and heart are free; but they must be sought from myself, and not from my name. She fixed her eyes on him, with a mingled expression of mistrust, of kindness, and of fixed resolution, which the far-gone innamorato found irresistible.

Then from yourself alone I seek them.

Reflect. You have prejudices on the score of parentage. I have not conversed with you so often, without knowing what they are. Choose between them and me. I too have my own prejudices on the score of personal pride.

I would choose you from all the world,