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646 The kauri-pine, too well known to require any detailed account. Timber not excelled by any other for the variety of uses for which it is adapted, and remarkable for its strength, durability, and the ease with which it is worked. The resin, or "kauri-gum," so important for varnish-making, is still dug in large quantities on the sites of previous forests, or obtained from those still living.

Usually tall trees. Leaves opposite, small and scale-like, quadrifariously imbricate, either all equal and decussate, or flattened on the branchlets, the lateral larger and keeled, those on the upper and lower faces of the branchlets smaller and flat. Flowers monœcious or diœcious; males terminal, solitary, oblong or ovoid or almost globose, consisting of a staminal column sessile within the uppermost leaves and bearing several or many decussately placed anthers; connective scale-like, ovate, subpeltate; anther-cells usually 4, pendulous. Female cones oblong or ovoid, terminating short branchlets; scales 4 or 6, decussately opposite, the lowest pair smallest and sterile, the second pair with 2 erect collateral ovules at the base of each scale, the third pair when present sterile and connate. Scales of the mature cones persistent, gaping, indurated, mucronate or horned at the back towards the tip. Seeds solitary or rarely 2 at the base of each fertile scale, compressed, unequally winged.

1. L. Doniana, ''Endl. Syn. Conif.'' 43.—A tall forest-tree 30 to 70 ft. high or more, with a narrow tapering head; trunk 2–4 ft. diam.; bark stringy, falling off in long ribbons. Branchlets distichous; of young trees vertical, much flattened and compressed, ⅕–¼ in. broad; of old trees horizontal, less compressed, but not obviously tetragonous, $1⁄10$–$1⁄8$ in. broad. Leaves quadrifarious, the lateral larger, especially on young trees, where they are often ⅕ in. long, sheathing and connate at the base, spreading, acute; those on the upper and lower faces of the branchlets $1⁄25$–$1⁄12$ in. ong, triangular, appressed to the branch. Male flowers about ¼ in. long, hardly broader than the branch; anthers 8–12; connective thin, ovate, subpeltate. Female cones ovoid, about ½ in. long, woody; scales 4, spreading, each with a sharp curved spine at the back. Seeds 2 to each cone.—''Handb. N.Z. Fl. 256; Kirk, Forest Fl.'' t. 82. Thuya Doniana, ''Hook. in Lond. Journ. Bot. i. (1842) 571; Hook. f. Fl. Nov. Zel.'' i. 231. Dacrydium plumosum, ''D. Don. in Lamb. Pin.'' ed. ii. App. 143; ''A. Cunn. Precur.'' n. 330.


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Author:John Gaston Leathem

Works

 * Spherical Trigonometry (1912) (after Todhunter)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Author:John Gaston Leathem


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 The theatre was a more prized and less common indulgence. It is little frequented by the elder Martialists; and not enjoying it themselves, they seldom sacrifice their hours to the enjoyment of their women. But it forms so important an aid to education, and tends so much to keep alive in the public memory impressions which policy will not permit to fade, that both from the State and from the younger portion of the community it receives an encouragement quite sufficient to reward the few who bestow their time and talent upon it. Great buildings, square or oblong in form, the stage placed at one end, the arched boxes or galleries from which the spectators look down thereon rising tier above and behind tier to the further extremity, are constantly filled. There are no actors, and Martial feeling would hardly allow the appearance of women as actresses. But an art, somewhat analogous to, but infinitely surpassing, that displayed in the manipulation of the most skilfully constructed and most complicated magic lanterns, enables the conductors of the theatre to present upon the stage a truly living and moving picture of any scene they desire to exhibit. The figures appear perfectly real, move with perfect freedom, and seem to speak the sounds which, in fact, are given out by a gigantic hidden phonograph, into which the several parts have long ago been carefully spoken by male and female voices, the best suited to each character; and which, by the reversal of its motion, can repeat the original words almost for ever, with the original tone, accent, and expression. The illusion is far more perfect than that obtained by all the resources of stage management and


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 secured him employment wherever he went; and he usually chose the site of his employment in the neighbourhood of some fine old Gothic structure, in studying which he occupied his leisure. After a year's working, travel, and study abroad, he returned to Scotland. He continued his studies, and became a proficient in drawing and perspective: Melrose was his favourite ruin, and he produced several elaborate drawings of the building, one of which, exhibiting it in a "restored" state, was afterwards engraved. He also obtained employment as a modeller of architectural designs, and made drawings for a work begun by an Edinburgh engraver, after the plan of Britton's Cathedral Antiquities. This was a task congenial to his tastes, and he laboured at it with an enthusiasm which ensured its rapid advance; walking on foot for the purpose over half Scotland, and living as an ordinary mechanic, whilst executing drawings which would have done credit to the best masters in the art. The projector of the work having died suddenly, the publication was however stopped, and Kemp sought other employment. Few knew of the genius of this man—for he was exceedingly taciturn and habitually modest—when the committee of the Scott Monument offered a prize for the best design. The competitors were numerous—including some of the greatest names in classical architecture; but the design unanimously selected was that of George Kemp, who was working at Kilwinning Abbey in Ayrshire, many miles off, when the letter reached him intimating the decision of the committee. Poor Kemp! Shortly after this event he met an untimely death, and did not live to see the first result of his indefatigable industry


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 all the skill of the actor's art in the best theatres of France. After the first novelty, the first surprise and wonder were exhausted, I must confess that these representations simply bored me, the more from their length and character. But even Eveena enjoyed them thoroughly, and my other companions prized an evening or afternoon thus spent above all other indulgences. A passage running along at the back of each tier admits the spectator to boxes so completely private as to satisfy the strictest requirements of Martial seclusion.

The favourite scenes represent the most striking incidents of Martial history, or realise the life, usages, and manners of ages long gone by, before science and invention had created the perfect but monotonous civilisation that now prevails. One of the most interesting performances I witnessed commenced with the exhibition of a striking scene, in which the union of all the various States that had up to that time divided the planet's surface, and occasionally waged war on one another, in the first Congress of the World, was realised in the exact reproduction of every detail which historic records have preserved. Afterwards was depicted the confusion, declining into barbarism and rapid degradation, of the Communistic revolution, the secession of the Zveltau and their merely political adherents, the construction of their cities, fleets, and artillery, the terrible battles, in which the numbers of the Communists were hurled back or annihilated by the asphyxiator and the lightning gun; and finally, the most remarkable scene in all Martial history, when the last representatives of the great Anarchy, squalid, miserable,


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 degraded, and debased in form and features, as well as indicating by their dress and appearance the utter ruin of art and industry under their rule, came into the presence of the chief ruler of the rising State—surrounded by all the splendour which the "magic of property," stimulating invention and fostering science, had created—to entreat admission into the realm of restored civilisation, and a share in the blessings they had so deliberately forfeited and so long striven to deny to others.


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Libocedrus.]

2. L. Bidwillii, ''Hook. f. Handb. N.Z. Fl. 257.—Very similar to L. Doniana,'' but usually smaller, seldom more than 50 ft. high, with a trunk 1½–3 ft. diam., in subalpine or cool peaty localities often reduced to a fastigiate bush or small tree 10–20 ft. high. Branchlets of young trees closely resembling those of L. Doniana, but rather narrower; of mature trees tetragonous, $1⁄15$–$1⁄12$ in. diam., densely clothed with almost uniform triangular acute closely appressed leaves. Female cones like those of L. Doniana, but smaller, ¼–⅓ in. long.—Kirk, Forest Fl. t. 83.

Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate or opposite, scattered or imbricate or distichous, very diverse in size and shape. Flowers diœcious or rarely monœcious; males solitary or in fascicles of 2–5, or laxly spicate along an elongated rhachis, usually stipitate, the stipes furnished with imbricate bracts. Staminal column elongate, cylindric; anthers sessile, densely spirally crowded; cells 2, parallel, dehiscing longitudinally; connective usually prolonged into a short claw. Female flowers solitary or occasionally geminate, very rarely spicate; bracts or scales few, adnate with the rhachis into a swollen fleshy or succulent peduncle or "receptacle"; ovuliferous scale springing from the receptacle, ovoid, fleshy, bearing a single reversed ovule. Seeds globose or ovoid, seated on the enlarged receptacle, drupaceous or nut-like. Cotyledons 2.


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 and self-culture embodied in stone, one of the most beautiful and appropriate memorials ever erected to literary genius.

John Gibson was another artist full of a genuine enthusiasm and love for his art, which placed him high above those sordid temptations which urge meaner natures to make time the measure of profit. He was born at Gyffn, near Conway, in North Wales—the son of a gardener. He early showed indications of his talent by the carvings in wood which he made by means of a common pocket knife; and his father, noting the direction of his talent, sent him to Liverpool and bound him apprentice to a cabinet-maker and wood-carver. He rapidly improved at his trade, and some of his carvings were much admired. He was thus naturally led to sculpture, and when eighteen years old he modelled a small figure of Time in wax, which attracted considerable notice. The Messrs. Franceys, sculptors, of Liverpool, having purchased the boy's indentures, took him as their apprentice for six years, during which his genius displayed itself in many original works. From thence he proceeded to London, and afterwards to Rome; and his fame became European.

Robert Thorburn, the Royal Academician, like John Gibson, was born of poor parents. His father was a shoemaker at Dumfries. Besides Robert there were two other sons; one of whom is a skilful carver in wood. One day a lady called at the shoemaker's and found Robert, then a mere boy, engaged in drawing upon a stool which served him for a table. She examined his work, and, observing his abilities, interested herself in obtaining for him some employment in drawing, and


text: The Earth Turns South/The Night Cometh

title: The Earth Turns South/The Night Cometh


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 (b). This category comprises patients admitted with a previous record of admission to, and discharge from any institution for mental defective sand epileptics.

3. . All patients who are removed from the custody of the institution are designated as separations. Separations, other than transfers, are the result of discharge or death. The nature of the classification of deaths and discharges is indicated below:

(a). These represent patients who are formally removed form the custody of the institution. Such patients may be discharged directly from the institution or from extramural care. However, since practices with respect to placing patients on or removing them from extramural care vary so widely from institution to institution so as to introduce a serious lack of comparability within each of these classes, tables on the characteristics of discharged patients are presented for directed discharge and discharges from extramural care combined.

(b). . These represent patients who die while in the institution or while in extramural care. No data are reported with respect to the age and diagnostic characteristics of patients who die in a given year.

4. . Those admissions and separations representing patients shifted within the same State from the supervision of one State institution for mental defectives and epileptics to another, without a formal discharge, are designated as transfers. Since transfers do not represent additions to the total patient population of institutions within a given State and presumably have already appeared at some time in statistics on admissions, they are not given detailed consideration in this report.

Tabulation of Patients with both Mental Deficiency and Epilepsy

In tabulating patients with both mental deficiency and epilepsy, institution officials were requested, as in previous years, to classify patients according to the primary cause of admission. The rules for such classification are as follows:

1. If the case history shows that the patient was primarily mentally effective and that epilepsy developed at a later date, the patient should be reported on the schedules for mental defectives.

2. If the case history shows that the patient was primarily epileptic and that mental deterioration developed at a later period, the patient should be reported on the schedules for epileptics.

3. In all cases where epilepsy is definitely present, and where insufficient data are available to determine the patient's previous mental status, even though mental deficiency is now established, the patient should be reported on the schedules for epileptics.

Patients who are reported as "neither mentally defective nor epileptic" are indicated in tables on movement of patient population under the heading "other" and are not included in any other tables.

Characteristics of First Admissions

. Mental defectives admitted to institutions may be characterized both by clinical diagnosis and by mental status.

Classification by clinical diagnosis attempts to specify the etiology of, or the organic nervous diseases accompanying the mental deficiency. The classification used is based on that prepared by the American Association on Mental Deficiency in cooperation with the National Association for Mental Health, Inc., and published by the latter in the "Statistical Manual for the Use of Institutions for Mental Defectives" in 1946.

Mental status is indicative of the degree of intellectual impairment and is characterized as follows:

(a). A mentally defective person usually having a mental age of less than 3 years or, if a child, an intelligence quotient of less than 20.

(b). A mentally defective person usually having a mental age of 3 to 7 years, inclusive, or if a child, an intelligence quotient or from 20 to 49, inclusive.

(c). A mentally defective person usually having a mental age of 8 to 11 years, inclusive or, if a child, an intelligence quotient of 50 or more. As a result, the upper limit for a diagnosis of mental deficiency should be an intelligence quotient of 69. However, this limit is not to be adhered to where medical, social and other factors would clearly indicate that the patient is mentally defective.

. The diagnoses used for epileptic first admissions are based on those adopted by the National Epilepsy League. The major categories are as follows:

(a). Cases in which the epileptic seizures are symptoms of a definite disease process, toxic condition, or structural defect.

(b) : Cases in which the seizures are not associated with a disease process toxic condition, or structural defect.

Characteristics of Discharged Patients

. The classification of mental defectives by condition on discharge is made with reference to their ability to support themselves outside of the institutions. In


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text: A Chinese Biographical Dictionary/Chêng Ch'êng-kung


text: The Earth Turns South/A Star Comes Singing


text: A Chinese Biographical Dictionary/Chêng Chan-yin


text: A Chinese Biographical Dictionary/Ch'ên Yung-chih


text: A Chinese Biographical Dictionary/Ch'ên Yüan-lung


text: A Chinese Biographical Dictionary/Ch'ên Yu-liang


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 my hand, which hung lifeless upon the coverture, and, pressing her cold lips to mine, again repeated,

She then dropped my hand, quitted the chamber with slow steps, and the door closed after her. Till that moment the faculties of my body had been all suspended; those of my mind had alone been waking. The charm now ceased to operate; the blood which had been frozen in my veins rushed back to my heart with violence; I uttered a deep groan, and sunk lifeless upon my pillow.

The adjoining room was only separated from mine by a thin partition; it was occupied by the host and his wife: the former was roused by my groan, and immediately hastened to my chamber; the hostess soon followed him. With some difficulty they succeeded in restoring me to my senses, and immediately sent for the physician, who arrived in all diligence. He declared


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 my fever to be very much increased, and that, if I continued to suffer such violent agitation, he would not take upon him to ensure my life. Some medicines which he gave me, in some degree tranquillized my spirits. I fell into a sort of slumber towards day-break, but fearful dreams prevented me from deriving any benefit from my repose. Agnes and the bleeding nun presented themselves by turns to my fancy, and combined to harass and torment me. I awoke fatigued and unrefreshed. My fever seemed rather augmented than diminished; the agitation of my mind impeded my fractured bones from knitting: I had frequent fainting fits, and during the whole day the physician judged it expedient not to quit me for two hours together.

The singularity of my adventure made me determine to conceal it from every one, since I could not expect that a circumstance so strange should gain credit. I was very uneasy about Agnes. I knew not what she would think at not finding me at the ren-


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 dezvous, and dreaded her entertaining suspicions of my fidelity. However, I depended upon Theodore's discretion, and trusted that my letter to the baroness would convince her of the rectitude of my intentions. These considerations somewhat lightened my inquietude upon her account; but the impression left upon my mind by my nocturnal visitor, grew stronger with every succeeding moment. The night drew near; I dreaded its arrival; yet I strove to persuade myself that the ghost would appear no more, and at all events I desired that a servant might sit up in my chamber.

The fatigue of my body, from not having slept on the former night, co-operating with the strong opiates administered to me in profusion, at length procured me that repose of which I was so much in need. I sunk into a profound and tranquil slumber, and had already slept for some hours, when the neighbouring clock roused me by striking "one." Its sound brought with it to my memory all the horrors of the night


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 before. The same cold shivering seized me. I started up in my bed, and perceived the servant fast asleep in an arm-chair near me. I called him by his name: he made no answer. I shook him forcibly by the arm, and strove in vain to wake him: he was perfectly insensible to my efforts. I now heard the heavy steps ascending the stair-case; the door was thrown open, and again the bleeding nun stood before me. Once more my limbs were chained in second infancy: once more I heard those fatal words repeated,

The scene which had shocked me so sensibly on the former night, was again presented. The spectre again pressed her lips to mine, again touched me with her rotting fingers, and, as on her first appearance, quitted the chamber as soon as the clock told "two."

Every night was this repeated. Far from growing accustomed to the ghost,


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text: Wallenstein/The Death of Wallenstein/A4S04


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text: Wallenstein/The Death of Wallenstein/A4S05


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Rh :"business day" means any day other than a Saturday, Sunday or public holiday;

 * "certified"—

 * (a) in relation to a copy of a document, means certified in the prescribed manner to be a true copy of the document; and

 * (b) in relation to a translation of a document, means certified in the prescribed mannner to be a correct translation of the document into the English language;

 * "charge" includes a mortgage and any agreement to give or execute a charge or mortgage whether upon demand or otherwise;

 * "closed-end fund" has the meaning given by section 2(1) of the Securities and Futures Act;

 * "collective investment scheme" has the meaning given by section 2(1) of the Securities and Futures Act;

 * "company" has the meaning given by section 4(1) of the Companies Act;

 * "consolidated financial statements" has the meaning given by the Accounting Standards;

 * "constitution", in relation to a VCC, means the constitution of the VCC that is registered with the Registrar under section 16(4), as may be amended from time to time;

 * "contributory"—

 * (a) in relation to a VCC, means a person liable to contribute to the assets of the VCC in the event of its being wound up, and includes the holder of fully paid shares in the VCC and (before the final determination of the persons who are contributories) any person alleged to be a contributory of the VCC; and

 * (b) in relation to a sub-fund, means a person liable to contribute to the assets of the sub-fund in the event of its being wound up, and includes the folder of fully


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184 Mediator. He is made known, in Daniel's vision, as the Son of man, Dan. 7. 13. I am the Messiah, that Son of man that was promised. But,

2. He inquires what people's sentiments were concerning him: "Who do men say that I am? The Son of man?" (So I think it might better be read.) "Do they own me for the Messiah?" He asks, not, "Who do the Scribes and Pharisees say that I am?" They were prejudiced against him, and said that he was a deceiver and in league with Satan; but, "Who do men say that I am?" He referred to the common people, whom the Pharisees despised. Christ asked this question, not as one that knew not; for if he knows what men think, much more what they say; nor as one desirous to hear his own praises, but to make the disciples solicitous concerning the success of their preaching, by showing that he himself was so. The common people conversed more familiarly with the disciples than they did with their Master, and therefore from them he might better know what they said. Christ had not plainly said who he was, but left people to infer it from his works, John 10. 24, 25. Now he would know what inferences the people drew from them, and from the miracles which his apostles wrought in his name.

3. To this question the disciples gave him an answer; (v. 14.) Some say, thou art John the Baptist, &c. There were some that said, he was the Son of David, (ch. 12. 23.) and the great Prophet, John 6. 14. The disciples, however, do not mention that opinion, but only such opinions as were wide of the truth, which they had gathered up from their countrymen. Observe,

(1.) They are different opinions; some say one thing, and others another. Truth is one; but those who vary from that commonly vary one from another. Thus Christ came eventually to send division, Luke 12. 51. Being so noted a person, every one would be ready to pass his verdict upon him, and, "Many men, many minds;" those that were not willing to own him to be the Christ, wandered in endless mazes, and followed the chase of every uncertain guess and wild hypothesis.

(2.) They are honourable opinions, and bespeak the respect they had for him, according to the best of their judgment. These were not the sentiments of his enemies, but the sober thoughts of those that followed him with love and wonder. Note, It is possible for men to have good thoughts of Christ, and yet not right ones, a high opinion of him, and yet not high enough.

(3.) They all suppose him to be one risen from the dead; which perhaps arose from a confused notion they had of the resurrection of the Messiah, before his public preaching, as of Jonas. Or their notions arose from an excessive value for antiquity; as if it were not possible for an excellent man to be produced in their own age, but it must be one of the ancients returned to life again.

(4.) They are all false opinions, but built upon mistakes, and wilful mistakes. Christ's doctrines and miracles bespoke him to be an extraordinary Person; but because of the meanness of his appearance, so different from what they expected, they would not own him to be the Messiah, but will grant him to be any thing rather than that.

[1.] Some say, Thou art John the Baptist. Herod said so; (ch. 14. 2.) and those about him would be apt to say as he did. This notion might be strengthened by an opinion they had, that those who died as martyrs, should rise again before others; which some think the second of the seven sons refers to, in his answer to Antiochus, 2 Macc. 7. 9. The King ofthe world shall raise us up, who have died for his laws, unto everlasting life.

[2.] Some, Elias; taking occasion, no doubt, from the prophecy of Malachi, (ch. 4. 5.) Behold, I will send you Elijah. And the rather, because Elijah (as Christ) did many miracles, and was himself, in his translation, the greatest miracle of all.

[3.] Others, Jeremias: they fasten upon him, either because he was the weeping prophet, and Christ was often in tears; or because God had set him over kingdoms and nations, (Jer. 1. 10.) which they thought agreed with their notion of the Messiah.

[4.] Or, one of the prophets. This shows what an honourable idea they entertained of the prophets; and yet they were the children of them that persecuted and slew them, ch. 23. 29. Rather than they would allow Jesus of Nazareth, one of their own country, to be such an extraordinary person as his works bespoke him to be, they would say, "It was not he, but one of the old prophets."

II. He inquires what their thoughts were concerning him; "But who say ye that I am? Ye tell me what other people say of me; can ye say better?" 1. The disciples had themselves been better taught than others; had, by their intimacy with Christ, greater advantages of getting knowledge than others had. Note, It is justly expected, that those who enjoy greater plenty of the means of knowledge and grace than others, should have a more clear and distinct knowledge of the things of God than others. Those who have more acquaintance with Christ than others, should have truer sentiments concerning him, and be able to give a better account of him than others. 2. The disciples were trained up to teach others, and therefore it was highly requisite that they should understand the truth themselves; "Ye that are to preach the gospel of the kingdom, what are your notions of him that sends you?" Note, Ministers must be examined before they be sent forth, especially what their sentiments are of Christ, and who they say that he is; for how can they be owned as ministers of Christ, that are either ignorant or erroneous concerning Christ? This is a question we should every one of us be frequently putting to ourselves, "Who do we say, what kind of one do we say, that the Lord Jesus is? Is he precious to us? Is he in our eyes the chief of ten thousand? Is he the Beloved of our souls?" It is well or ill with us, according as our thoughts are right or wrong concerning Jesus Christ.

Well, this is the question; now let us observe,

(1.) Peter's answer to this question, v. 16. To the former question concerning the opinion others had of Christ, several of the disciples answered, according as they had heard people talk; but to this Peter answers in the name of all the rest, they all consenting to it, and concurring in it. Peter's temper led him to be forward in speaking upon all such occasions, and sometimes he spake well, sometimes amiss; in all companies there are found some warm, bold men, to whom a precedency of speech falls of course; Peter was such a one: yet we find other of the apostles sometimes speaking as the mouth of the rest; as John, (Mark 9. 38.) Thomas, Philip, and Jude, John 14. 5, 8, 22. So that this is far from being a proof of such primacy and superiority of Peter above the rest of the apostles, as the church of Rome ascribes to him. They will needs advance him to be a judge, when the utmost they can make of him, is, that he was but foreman of the jury, to speak for the rest, and that only pro hac vice—for this once; not the perpetual dictator or speaker of the house, only chairman upon this occasion.

Peter's answer is short, but it is full, and true, and to the purpose; Thou art Christ, the Son of the living God. Here is a confession of the Christian faith, addressed to Christ, and so made an act of devotion. Here is a confession of the true God as the living God, in opposition to dumb and dead idols, and of Jesus Christ whom he hath sent, whom to know is


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Runo XLVIX]

At the head of Väinämöinen,

Thus to slay Suvantolainen.

Then they questioned the intruder

In the very words that follow:

“What’s your news, you wretched fellow,

What’s your need, O swimming hero?”

Väinämöinen, old and steadfast,

Answered in the words which follow:

“Of the moon are curious tidings,

Of the sun are wondrous tidings.

Where is now the sun imprisoned,

Whither has the moon been taken?”

Answered then the sons of Pohja,

And the evil army answered:

“Thus it is the sun is hidden,

Sun is hidden, moon imprisoned,

In the stones of many colours,

In the rocks as hard as iron,

And from this, escape they cannot,

And release shall never reach them.”

Then the aged Väinämöinen

Answered in the words that follow:

“If the sun from rock ascends not,

Nor the moon from rocky mountain,

Let us join in closest conflict,

Let us grasp our trusty sword-blades.”

Sword they drew, and tried their sword-blades,

Drew from out the sheaths their weapons;

At the point the moon was shining,

On the hilt the sun was shining,

On the back a horse was standing,

At the knob a cat was mewing.

After this the swords they measured,

And they thus compared their weapons,

And the sword of aged Väinö

Was a little trifle longer,

Longer, as a grain of barley,

As the width of straw-stalk longer.

Out into the yard they hastened,

On the grass to meet in conflict,

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254

And the aged Väinämöinen

Struck a blow with lightning swiftness,

Struck a blow, and struck a second,

And he sheared, like roots of turnips,

Off he shore, like heads of flax-plant,

Heads of all the sons of Pohja.

Then the aged Väinämöinen

Sought for where the moon was hidden,

Likewise would release the sunlight

From the rocks of varied colour,

From the depths of steely mountain,

From the rocks as hard as iron.

Then he walked a little distance,

But a very little distance,

When he saw a copse all verdant,

In the copse a lovely birch-tree,

And a large stone block beneath it,

And a rock beneath the stone block,

And there were nine doors before it,

In the doors were bolts a hundred.

In the stone a crack perceiving,

In the rock some lines engraven,

Then he drew his sword from scabbard,

On the coloured stone he scraped it,

With the sharp point of his sword-blade,

With his gleaming blade he scraped it,

Till the stone in two divided,

And in three he quickly split it.

Väinämöinen, old and steadfast,

Looked into the stone all pictured;

Many serpents ale were drinking,

In the wort the snakes were writhing,

In the coloured stone were hiding,

In the cracks of liver-colour.

Väinämöinen, old and steadfast,

Uttered then the words that follow:

“Thus it is the hapless Mistress

Has so little ale acquired,

For the snakes the ale are drinking,

In the wort the snakes are writhing.”

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Runo XLVIX]

Off he cut the heads of serpents,

Broke the necks of all the serpents,

And he spoke the words which follow,

And in words like these expressed him:

“Never while the world existeth,

From this very day henceforward,

Let our ale by snakes be drunken,

And our malt-drink by the serpents.”

Then the aged Väinämöinen,

He the great primeval sorcerer,

Sought with hands the doors to open,

And the bolts by spells to loosen,

But to hands the doors would yield not,

By his spells the bolts were moved not.

Then the aged Väinämöinen

Spoke his thoughts in words that follow:

“Man unarmed is weak as woman;

Weak as frog, without a hatchet.”

And at once he wended homeward,

Head bowed down, in great vexation,

For the moon was not recovered,

Neither had the sun been captured.

Said the lively Lemminkainen,

“O thou aged Väinämöinen,

Wherefore didst forget to take me,

As your very trusty comrade?

I had brought the locks to creaking,

And the bars asunder broken,

And released the moon for shining,

And had raised the sun for shining.”

Väinämöinen, old and steadfast,

Answered in the words that follow:

“Unto spells the bolts will yield not,

And the locks my magic breaks not;

Strength of hands will never move them,

And no strength of arm will force them.”

To the smith’s forge then he wandered,

And he spoke the words which follow:

“O thou smith, O Ilmarinen,

Forge me now a mighty trident,

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256

And a dozen hatchets forge me,

And a bunch of keys enormous,

From the stone the moon to rescue,

From the rock the sun deliver.”

Thereupon smith Ilmarinen,

He the great primeval craftsman,

Forged the hero what he needed,

And a dozen hatchets forged him,

Forged a bunch of keys enormous,

And of spears a mighty bundle,

Not too large and not too little,

But of middle size he forged them.

Louhi, Pohjola’s old Mistress,

Old and gap-toothed dame of Pohja,

Then with wings herself provided,

And extended them for flying,

Near the house at first was flying,

Then her flight extended further,

Straight across the lake of Pohja

Unto Ilmarinen’s smithy.

Then the smith his window opened,

Looking if the wind was blowing;

’Twas no wind that there was blowing,

But a hawk, and grey in colour.

Thereupon smith Ilmarinen

Spoke aloud the words that follow:

“Bird of prey, what brings thee hither,

Sitting underneath my window?”

Hereupon the bird spoke language,

And the hawk at once made answer:

“O thou smith, O Ilmarinen,

Thou the most industrious craftsman,

Truly art thou very skilful,

And a most accomplished craftsman.”

Thereupon smith Ilmarinen

Answered in the words that follow:

“But indeed ’tis not a wonder

If I am a skilful craftsman,

For ’twas I who forged the heavens,

And the arch of air who welded.”

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text: Buddenbrooks/Volume 1/Part 4/Chapter 2

title: Buddenbrooks/Volume 1/Part 4/Chapter 2


text: Buddenbrooks/Volume 1/Part 4/Chapter 3

title: Buddenbrooks/Volume 1/Part 4/Chapter 3


text: Buddenbrooks/Volume 1/Part 4/Chapter 4

title: Buddenbrooks/Volume 1/Part 4/Chapter 4


text: Buddenbrooks/Volume 1/Part 4/Chapter 5

title: Buddenbrooks/Volume 1/Part 4/Chapter 5


text: Buddenbrooks/Volume 1/Part 4/Chapter 6

title: Buddenbrooks/Volume 1/Part 4/Chapter 6


text: Buddenbrooks/Volume 1/Part 4/Chapter 7

title: Buddenbrooks/Volume 1/Part 4/Chapter 7


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Runo XLVIX]

Hereupon the bird spoke language,

And the hawk at once responded:

“What is this, O smith, thou makest,

What, O blacksmith, art thou forging?“

Thereupon smith Ilmarinen

Answered in the words that follow:

“Tis a neck-ring I am forging,

For the aged crone of Pohja,

That she may be firmly fettered

To the side of a great mountain.”

Louhi, Pohjola’s old Mistress,

Old and gap-toothed dame of Pohja,

Felt on this her doom was coming,

On her head the days of evil,

And at once to flight betook her,

Swift to Pohjola escaping.

From the stone the moon released she,

From the rock the sun released she,

Then again her form she altered,

And to dove herself converted,

And her flight again directed

Unto Ilmarinen’s smithy,

To the door in bird-form flying,

Lit as dove upon the threshold.

Thereupon smith Ilmarinen

Asked her in the words which follow:

“Why, O bird, hast thou flown hither?

Dove, why sit’st thou on the threshold?”

From the door the wild bird answered,

And the dove spoke from the threshold:

“Here I sit upon the threshold,

That the news I now may bring thee.

From the stone the moon has risen,

From the rock the sun is loosened.”

Thereupon smith Ilmarinen

Hastened forth to gaze around him,

And he stood at door of smithy,

Gazing anxiously to heaven,

And he saw the moon was gleaming,

And he saw the sun was shining.

vol. ii.

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text: Buddenbrooks/Volume 1/Part 4/Chapter 8

title: Buddenbrooks/Volume 1/Part 4/Chapter 8


text: Buddenbrooks/Volume 1/Part 4/Chapter 9

title: Buddenbrooks/Volume 1/Part 4/Chapter 9


text: Buddenbrooks/Volume 1/Part 4/Chapter 10

title: Buddenbrooks/Volume 1/Part 4/Chapter 10


text: Buddenbrooks/Volume 1/Part 4/Chapter 11

title: Buddenbrooks/Volume 1/Part 4/Chapter 11


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258

Then he went to Väinämöinen,

And he spoke the words which follow:

“O thou aged Väinämöinen,

Thou the great primeval minstrel,

Come to gaze upon the moonlight,

Come to gaze upon the sunlight.

Now they stand in midst of heaven,

In their old accustomed places.”

Väinämöinen, old and steadfast,

Hurried out into the open,

And at once his head uplifted,

And he gazed aloft to heaven.

Moon was risen, sun was loosened,

In the sky the sun was beaming.

Then the aged Väinämöinen

Made a speech without delaying,

And he spoke the words which follow,

And in words like these expressed him:

“Hail, O Moon, who beamest yonder,

Thus thy fair cheeks well displaying,

Golden sun who risest yonder,

Sun who once again arisest!

“Golden Moon from stone delivered,

Fairest Sun from rock arisen,

Like the golden cuckoo rise you,

Like the silver dove arise you,

Lead the life ye led aforetime,

And resume your former journeys.

“Rise for ever in the morning,

From this present day hereafter.

Bring us always happy greetings,

That our wealth increases ever,

Game for ever in our fingers,

Fortune at the points of fish-hooks.

“Go ye on your path with blessings,

Go ye on your charming journey,

Let your crescent now be beauteous,

Rest ye joyful in the evening.”

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text: Buddenbrooks/Volume 1/Part 5

title: Buddenbrooks/Volume 1/Part 5


text: Kalevala (Kirby 1907)/Runo 49

title: Kalevala (Kirby 1907)/Runo 49


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 246 thousands of times, and is, therefore, considered the most meritorious.

It is related that Maulaví Habíb Ullah, now living in the village of Gabásanri, in the Gadún country, on the Peshawur frontier, has become such an adept in the performance of this zarb, that he recites the first part of the zikr-lá-iláha with the exhalation of his breath after the midday prayer; and the second part, il-lal-lá-ho, with the inhalation of his breath before the next time of prayer, thus sustaining his breath for the period of about three hours!

Another act of devotion, which usually accompanies the zikr, is that of Muráqaba, or meditation.

The worshipper first performs zikr of the following—

Allaho-házarí, "God the present one."

Allaho-názarí, "God the seer."

Allaho-sháhidí, "God who witnesses."

Allaho-maí, "God who is with us."

Having recited this zikr, either aloud or mentally, the worshipper proceeds to meditate upon some verse or verses of the Quran. Those recommended for the Qádiría Faqírs by Maulaví


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 248 ting in the exercise of a zikr-i-jalí to a religious devotee, who seldom stirs out of his mosque; and we have often been told by Maulavís, that they find the performance of a zikr keeps evil thoughts from the mind; but as some of the most devoted zákirs (i. e. those who perform the zikr) are amongst the most immoral men, the religious exercise does not appear to have any lasting effect on the moral character.

As a curious instance of the superstitious character of this devotional exercise, the Chishtía order believe that if a man sits cross-legged and seizes the vein called Kaimás, which is under the leg, with his toes, that it will give peace to his heart, when accompanied by a zikr of the "nafí isbát," which is a term used for the first part of the Kalimah, which forms the usual zikr, namely:—

Lá-iláha-il-lal-laho, "There is no deity but God."

The most common form of zikr is a recital of the ninety-nine names of God; for Muhammad promised those of his followers who recited them, a sure entrance to Paradise.


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 Rh Sháb Walí Ullah are the following, which we give as indicating the line of thought which is considered most devotional and spiritual by Muslim mystics:—

1. Surat-ul-Hadíd (lvii.), 3.

2. Surat-ul-Hadíd (lvu.), 4.

3. Surat-ul-Qáf (l.), 16.

4. Surat-ul-Baqr (ii.), 109.

5. Surat-un-Nisá (iv.), 125.

6. Surat-ur-Rahman (lv.), 7.

Some teachers tell their disciples that the heart has two doors, that which is fleshly, and that which is spiritual; and that the zikr-i-jalí has been established for the opening of the former, and zikr-i-khafí for the latter, in order that they may both be enlightened.

There certainly must be something invigora-


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 Rh To facilitate this repetition, the zákir uses a Tasbih, or rosary, of ninety-nine beads. The Wahhábís, however, do not use this invention, but count on their fingers. The introduction of the rosary amongst Roman Catholics is generally ascribed to Dominic, the founder of the Black Friars ( 1221); but Dean Hook says it was in use in the year 1100; it is, therefore, not improbable that the Crusaders borrowed it from their Muslim opponents; and it is thought that the Muhammadans received it from the Buddhists.

There are several lists of the supposed ninety-nine names of God; but the following is given by Muslim and Bokhárí in their collections of traditions:—


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 depth 60 feet 4 in. Her tonnage was 30,395 gross and 12,611 net. Her engines were of 68,000 h. p. and her speed 24½ to 25 knots. She had 23 double-ended and two single-ended boilers situated in four boiler-rooms.

The ship was divided transversely by eleven principal bulkheads into twelve sections.

The two forward bulkheads were collision bulkheads without doors. The remaining bulkheads had watertight doors cut in them which were closed by hand. In places where it was necessary to have the doors open for working the ship they could be closed by hydraulic pressure from the bridge. A longitudinal bulkhead separated the side coal bunkers from the boiler-room and engine-rooms on each side of the ship.

The "Lusitania" was a passenger as well as an emigrant ship as defined by the Merchant Shipping Acts. She fulfilled all the require-


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 ments of the law in this connection and had obtained all necessary certificates.

She had accommodation on board for 3,000 persons (including the crew).

The ship was provided with boat accommodation for 2,605 persons. The number of persons on board on the voyage in question was 1,959.

The number of boats was 48. Twenty-two of these were ordinary life-boats hanging from davits—eleven on each side of the boat deck. These had a total carrying capacity of 1,323. The remainder (26) were collapsible boats, with a total carrying capacity of 1,282. Eighteen of these collapsible boats were stowed under eighteen of the life-boats. The remaining eight were stowed four on each side of the ship abaft the life-boats.

In addition the ship was provided with


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 2,325 life-jackets (125 of which were for children) and 35 life-buoys. All these were conveniently distributed on board.

The boats, the life-jackets and the life-buoys were inspected at Liverpool on the 17th of March, 1915, by the resident Board of Trade Surveyor, and again on the 15th of April, 1915, by the Board of Trade Emigration Officer. Both these gentlemen were called before me and satisfied me that the condition of the different appliances was in every way satisfactory.

The boats were also examined by the ship's carpenter at New York on the commencement of the homeward voyage on the 1st of May and found to be in good order.

The Captain of the ship, Mr. William Thomas Turner, had been in the service of the Cunard Company since 1883. He had


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 occupied the position of Commander since 1903, and had held an Extra Master's Certificate since 1907. He was called before me and gave his evidence truthfully and well. The "Lusitania" carried an additional Captain named Anderson, whose duty it was to assist in the care and navigation of the ship. He was unfortunately drowned when the ship went down, and I can only judge of his capacity, by the accounts given to me of the work he did. Several of the officers gave their evidence before me and gave it well. I am quite satisfied that the two Captains and the officers were competent men, and that they did their duty. Captain Turner remained on the bridge till he was swept into the sea and Captain Anderson was working on the deck until he went overboard and was drowned.

It appears that since the commencement of the war the Cunard Company has lost all its Royal Naval Reserve and Fleet Reserve


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 men, and the managers have had to take on the best men they could get and to train them as well as might be in the time at their disposal. In connection with this training prizes have been given by the Company to induce the crews to make themselves proficient in handling the boats, and the efforts in this direction seem to have been successful in the case of the "Lusitania's" crew. Mr. Arthur Jones, the First Officer, described the crew on this voyage as well able to handle the boats, and testified to their carrying out the orders given to them in a capable manner. One of the crew, Leslie N. Morton, who at the time the ship was torpedoed was an extra look-out on the starboard side of the forecastle head, deserves a special word of commendation. He had been shipped in New York. He was only 18 years of age, but he seems to have exhibited great courage, self-possession and resource. He was the


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 first to observe the approach of the two torpedoes, and before they touched the ship he had reported them to the bridge by means of the megaphone, calling out "Torpedoes coming on the starboard side." When the torpoedoes struck the ship, Morton was knocked off his feet, but, recovering himself quickly, he went at once to the boats on the starboard side and assisted in filling and lowering several of them. Having done all that could be done on board, he had, as he expresses it, "to swim for it." In the water he managed to get hold of a floating collapsible life-boat and, with the assistance of another member of the crew named Parry, he ripped the canvas cover off it, boarded it, and succeeded in drawing into it fifty or sixty passengers. He and Parry rowed the life-boat some miles to a fishing smack, and, having put the rescued passengers on board the smack, they re-entered the life-boat and


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 succeeded in rescuing twenty or thirty more people. This boy, with his mate Parry, was instrumental in saving nearly one hundred lives. He has cause for being proud of the work he did. Morton had a good opportunity of judging how the crew performed their duties in the short time which elapsed between the explosion of the torpedoes and the foundering of the ship. He saw the crew helping the women and children into the boats; he saw them distributing life-belts to the passengers. He heard the officers giving orders and he observed that the crew were obeying the orders properly.

Some of the passengers were called, and they confirm this evidence. They speak in terms of the highest praise of the exertions made by the crew.

No doubt there were mishaps in handling the ropes of the boats and in other such matters, but there was, in my opinion, no


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 incompetence or neglect, and I am satisfied that the crew behaved well throughout, and worked with skill and judgment. Many more than half their number lost their lives.

The total crew consisted of 702, made up of 77 in the Deck Department, 314 in the Engineering Department, 306 in the Stewards' Department and of 5 musicians. Of these, 677 were males and 25 were females. Of the males, 397 were lost, and of the females, 16, making the total number lost, 413. Of the males 280 were saved, and of the females, 9, making the total number saved, 289.

I find that the conduct of the masters, the officers and the crew was satisfactory. They did their best in difficult and perilous circumstances and their best was good.

The number of passengers on board the "Lusitania" when she sailed was 1,257, con-


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 moderate the Sentence, which the two Procurers brought us.

Wee and thirtie others were embarked, chained with long chaines, the two Procurers procuring us some cloth- ing, and Rice, and commending us to Chifu, the Officer or Captaine appointed to carrie us, with a Certificate in our behalfe to procure us almes. The Rivers being then high swollen hindred our journey. Three dayes wee stayed at a Village called Mincacutem, where Chifu dwelt, and embarked his wife and children ; wee were tyed to the seats where wee rowed, and could not have perfect sight of the Cities, yet thus much wee observed. Nanquim is in 39. degrees and a third, washed by the River Batampina, which signifieth The flower of fish : which River, as I was then told and after saw, comes from Tartaria, out of the Lake Fanostir, nine leagues from the Citie Lan^ame, where Tamerlane King of the Tartars resided. This Lake is eight and twentie leagues long, and twelve broad, very deepe, and yeelds five Rivers ; first, this of Batampina, running thorow the midst of China three hundred and sixtie leagues, and entring the Bay of Nanquin in 36. degrees. The second Lechune which goeth alongst the Hills of Pancruum, & dividing the Land of Cauchim, and Catebenan, which within the Countrey confines with the Kingdome of Champaa in 16. degrees. The third is Tauquiday, that is. The mother of waters, passing West North-west by the Kingdome of Nacataas (a Land whence China was peopled) and falls into the Sea in the Kingdome of Sornau, or Siam, by the Barre of Cuy an hundred and thirtie leagues beneath Patane. The fourth River is Batobasoy, which passing by the Province of Sansim (which was drowned An. 1556.) goeth into the Sea by the Barre of Cosmim in the Kingdome of Pegu. Leysacotay is the fifth, runneth Eastward to the Archipelagus (as the Chinois say) of Xinxinpou, which confineth the Mos- covites, entring into a Sea innavigable, as being in 70. degrees of latitude. The Chinois affirme, that in Nanquin are eight hundred thousand housholds, foure and twentie thousand houses of Mandarines, sixtie two great


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Rh This warrant was executed only in Dover and Hampton. At Salisbury the constable refused to obey it. He was sustained by the town's people, who were under the influence of Major Robert Pike, the leading man in the lower valley of the Merrimac, who stood far in advance of his time, as an advocate of religious freedom and an opponent of ecclesiastical authority. He had the moral courage to address an able and manly letter to the court at Salem, remonstrating against the witchcraft trials.


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 Rebellion prevented by the policie.

Revenue.

King, as also of all Offices, and also of many Cities. I omit the division of the Government into so many heads, and so good distribution, that it seemeth (and so the Chinois say) it is like to continue thousands of yeeres, so that no man of the same Kingdome is able, nor hath any power to make any Rebellion of importance. For those which in former time revolted, were the Vice-royes of the Provinces, and other great Mandarins, in whose power were the Government, the Souldiers, and the treasure. But hee divided it in such sort, that those which had power over the Souldiers, should have no money at all, neither should the pay of the Souldiers depend upon them: and those which keepe the Treasure must have no superintendencie and dominion over the Souldiers. Others which were mightie and rich, hee impoverished and divided their Authoritie and Revenues among many; and so there is no man that can call himselfe Great. I remember that I had read in a Booke, set out in the Spanish tongue, of the great power of certayne Captaynes, and because the King did not trust them, hee sent one of his house to will them to come unto him.

All which relation, with many other things which hee reporteth of the providence of the King, how hee divideth his Authoritie among divers Princes, is not so in truth, neither in truth, neither is there any apparence thereof, neither have the Captaynes much authoritie, neither are they very rich: for though they have many people, yet the government of them is divided into divers heads, so that they can hardly assemble to raise any Rebellion, especially, because they remaine alwayes in the Kingdome, and neere about the King.

The Revenue of this King, without doubt, is exceeding great, and untill wee have gotten it out of their Bookes (wherein every thing is set downe very particularly) I will not presume to publish the same, not as though I knew not that it is so, since whilest a man knoweth more of this Kingdome, he doubteth lesse: Yet because I feare for all this that it will bee hard to make one beleeve the same,


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132


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edition of my poems published in 1857 contained the following note by way of preface:—

“In these volumes, for the first time, a complete collection of my poetical writings has been made. While it is satisfactory to know that these scattered children of my brain have found a home, I cannot but regret that I have been unable, by reason of illness, to give that attention to their revision and arrangement which respect for the opinions of others and my own afterthought and experience demand.

“That there are pieces in this collection which I would ‘willingly let die,’ I am free to confess. But it is now too late to disown them, and I must submit to the inevitable penalty of poetical as well as other sins. There are others, intimately connected with the author’s life and times, which owe their tenacity of vitality to the circumstances under which they were written, and the events by which they were suggested.

“The long poem of ‘Mogg Megone’ was in a great measure composed in early life; and it is scarcely necessary to say that its subject is not such as the writer would have chosen at any subsequent period.”

After a lapse of thirty years since the above was written, I have been requested by my publishers to make some preparation for a new and revised edition of my poems. I cannot flatter myself that I have added much to the interest of the work beyond the correction of my own errors and those of the press, with the addition of a few heretofore unpublished pieces, and occasional notes of explanation which seemed necessary. I have made an attempt to classify the poems under a few general heads, and have transferred the long poem of “Mogg Megone” to the Appendix, with other specimens of my earlier writings. I have endeavored to affix the dates of composition or publication as far as possible.

In looking over these poems I have not been unmindful of occasional prosaic lines and verbal infelicities, but at this late day I have neither strength nor patience to undertake their correction.

Perhaps a word of explanation may be needed in regard to a class of poems written between the years 1832 and 1865. Of their defects from an artistic point of view it is not necessary to speak. They were the earnest and often vehement expression of the writer’s thought and feeling at critical periods in the great conflict between Freedom and Slavery. They were written with no expectation that they would survive the occasions which called them forth: they were protests, alarm signals, trumpet-calls to action, words wrung from the writer's heart, forged


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xxii at white heat, and of course lacking the finish and careful word-selection which reflection and patient brooding over them might have given. Such as they are, they belong to the history of the Anti-Slavery movement, and may serve as way-marks of its progress. If their language at times seems severe and harsh, the monstrous wrong of Slavery which provoked it must be its excuse, if any is needed. In attacking it, we did not measure our words. “It is,” said Garrison, “a waste of politeness to be courteous to the devil.” But in truth the contest was, in a great measure, an impersonal one, hatred of slavery and not of slave-masters.

Even Thomas Jefferson, in his terrible denunciation of Slavery in the “Notes on Virginia,” says: “It is impossible to be temperate and pursue the subject of Slavery.”

After the great contest was over, no class of the American people were more ready, with kind words and deprecation of harsh retaliation, to welcome back the revolted States than the Abolitionists; and none have since more heartily rejoiced at the fast increasing prosperity of the South.

Grateful for the measure of favor which has been accorded to my writings, I leave this edition with the public. It contains all that I care to republish, and some things which, had the matter of choice been left solely to myself, I should have omitted.

J. G. W.


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Page:Hakluytus Posthumus or Purchas His Pilgrimes Volume 12.djvu/534

 Strabo in his 7. booke of Geogr.

his Territorie after his owne Name. Of this partition it was called Russia, about the yeere from Christ 860. As for the conjecture which I finde in some Cosmographers, that the Russe Nation borrowed the name of the people called Roxellani, and were the very same Nation with them, it is without all good probabilitie, both in respect of the Etymologie of the word (which is very farre fetcht) and especially for the seate and dwelling of that people, which was betwixt the two Rivers of Tanais and Boristhenes, as Strabo reporteth, quite another way from the Countrey of Russia.

Gen. 10. Joseph. l.I. c. 14. [III.iii.414.]

When it bare the name of Sarmatia, it was divided into two chiefe parts: the White, and the Blacke. The White Sarmatia, was all that part that lyeth towards the North, and on the side of Liefland : as the Provinces now called Duyna, Vagha, Ustik, Vologada, Cargapolia, Novogradia, &c. whereof Novogrod velica was the Metropolite, or chiefe Citie. Blacke Sarmatia was all that Country that lyeth Southward, towards the Euxin or Black Sea: as the Dukedome of Volodemer, of Mosko, Rezan, &c. Some have thought that the name of Sarmatia was first taken from one Sarmates, whom Moses and Josephus call Asarmathes, Sonne to Joktan, and nephew to Heber, of the posteritie of Sem. But this seemeth to bee nothing but a conjecture taken out of the likenesse of the name Asarmathes. For the dwelling of all Joktans posteritie is described by Moses, to have beene betwixt Mescha or Masius, (an Hill of the Amonites) and Sephace, neare to the River Euphrates. Which maketh it very unlikely, that Asarmathes should plant any Colonies so farre off, in the North and North-west Countries. It is bounded Northward by the Lappes, and the North Ocean. On the South-side by the Tartars, called Chrims. Eastward they have the Naigaian Tartar, that possesseth all the Countrey on the East side of Volgha, towards the Caspian Sea. On the West and South-west border, lie Lituania, Livonia and Polonia.


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text: The Complete Poetical Works of John Greenleaf Whittier/Introduction


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Page:Complete Poetical Works of John Greenleaf Whittier (1895).djvu/27

Rh indeed, an elector on the Republican side in the great Presidential canvass which resulted in the first election of Cleveland. He was much sought for occasional poems, and he complied with these requests from time to time, as in his "Centennial Hymn," "In the Old South," "The Bartholdi Statue," "One of the Signers," and "Haverhill; he was quite as likely to take hint from an occasion without the asking. Yet all this time he was assailed by infirmities which would have shaken the serenity of most. He suffered intensely from neuralgic disorders, and was sadly broken in the last years of his life.

He sang up to the end, one may say. A few weeks before his death, he wrote the verses to Oliver Wendell Holmes which stand at the completion of this collection in the division "At Sundown." True to the controlling spirit of his life, he sings,—

He died at Hampton Falls, New Hampshire, September 7, 1892, in the eighty-fifth year of his age.

H. E. S.


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text:
Page:The Talleyrand maxim, by J.S. Fletcher (IA talleyrandmaximb00flet).pdf/21

 All this flashed through Linford Pratt's mind in a few seconds—he knew all the story: he had often thought of the extraordinary good fortune of those young people. To be living on charity one week—and the next to be legal possessors of thousands a year!—oh, if only such luck would come his way!

"Of course!" he repeated, looking thoughtfully at the old bookseller. "Not the sort of thing one does forget in a hurry, Mr. Bartle. What of it?"

Antony Bartle leaned back in his easy chair and chuckled—something, some idea, seemed to be affording him amusement.

"I'm eighty years old," he remarked. "No, I'm more, to be exact. I shall be eighty-two come February. When you've lived as long as that, young Mr. Pratt, you'll know that this life is a game of topsy-turvy—to some folks, at any rate. Just so!"

"You didn't come here to tell me that, Mr. Bartle," said Pratt. He was an essentially practical young man who dined at half-past six every evening, having lunched on no more than bread-and-cheese and a glass of ale, and he also had his evenings well mapped out. "I know that already, sir."

"Aye, aye, but you'll know more of it later on," replied Bartle. "Well—you know, too, no doubt, that the late John Mallathorpe was a bit—only a bit—of a book-collector; collected books and pamphlets relating to this district?"

"I've heard of it," answered the clerk.

"He had that collection in his private room at the mill," continued the old bookseller, "and when the new


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text:
Page:The Royal Book of Oz.djvu/154

 "Yes, dear Master," said the repentant Happy, helping the dripping Scarecrow to his feet, "it only scorched your royal robe. And it's all over anyway—let us go in."

The dripping Emperor was quite ready to follow his Imperial Punster's advice.

"Now that I am put out, let us by all means go in," said the Scarecrow gloomily, and the two slipped off without anyone noticing their departure.

"I'm afraid I'll have to have some new stuffing to-morrow," observed the Scarecrow, sinking dejectedly on his throne. "Tappy, my dear boy, after this, never leave me alone—do you hear?" Happy Toko made no reply. He had fallen asleep beside the Imperial Throne.

The Scarecrow might have called his court, but he was in no mood for more of the Silver Islanders' idea of a good time. He longed for the dear friends of his loved Land of Oz.

One by one the lights winked out in the gardens and the noisy company dispersed, and soon no one in the palace was awake but the Scarecrow. His straw was wet and soggy and even his excellent brains felt damp and dull.

"If it weren't for Tappy Oko how lonely I should

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Page:James Connolly - Socialism Made Easy (1909).djvu/31

Rh as useless in the present stage of our industrial development as any other parasite in the animal or vegetable world is to the life of the animal or vegetable upon which it feeds.

The working class is a victim of this parasite—this human leech, and it is the duty and interest of the working class to use every means in its power to oust this parasite class from the position which enables it to thus prey upon the vitals of Labor.

Therefore, I say, let us organize as a class to meet our masters and destroy their mastership; organize to drive them from their hold upon public life through their political power; organize to wrench from their robber clutch the land and workshops on and in which they enslave us; organize to cleanse our social life from the stain of social cannibalism, from the preying of man upon his fellow man.

Organize for a full, free and happy life FOR ALL OR FOR NONE.


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text: Socialism Made Easy

title: Socialism Made Easy


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Page:The Lusitania's Last Voyage (lusitaniaslastvo00lauriala).djvu/153

 sisting of 290 saloon, 600 second-cabin, and 367 third-cabin passengers.

Of these, 944 were British and Canadian, 159 were American, and the remainder were of seventeen other nationalities. Of the British and Canadian 584 perished. Of the American 124 perished, and of the remainder 77 perished. The total number lost was 785, and the total number saved was 472.

The 1,257 passengers were made up of 688 adult males, 440 adult females, 51 male children, 39 female children, and 39 infants. Of the 688 adult males, 421 were lost and 267 were saved. Of the 440 adult females, 270 were lost and 170 were saved. Of the 51 male children, 33 were lost and 18 were saved. Of the 39 female children, 26 were lost and 13 were saved. Of the 39 infants, 35 were lost and 4 were saved.

Many of the women and children among


text: Socialism Made Easy/Foreword

title: Socialism Made Easy/Foreword


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Page:The Lusitania's Last Voyage (lusitaniaslastvo00lauriala).djvu/154

 those lost died from exhaustion after immersion in the water.

I can speak very well of the conduct of the passengers after the striking of the ship. There was little or no panic at first, although later on, when the steerage passengers came on to the boat deck in what one witness described as "a swarm," there appears to have been something approaching a panic.

Some of the passengers attempted to assist in launching the boats and, in my opinion, did more harm than good. It is, however, quite impossible to impute any blame to them. They were all working for the best.

The cargo was a general cargo of the ordinary kind, but part of it consisted of a number of cases of cartridges (about 5,000). This ammunition was entered in the manifest. It was stowed well forward in the ship on


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Page:The Lusitania's Last Voyage (lusitaniaslastvo00lauriala).djvu/155

 the orlop and lower decks and about 50 yards away from where the torpedoes struck the ship. There was no other explosive on board.

It has been said by the German Government that the "Lusitania" was equipped with masked guns, that she was supplied with trained gunners, with special ammunition, that she was transporting Canadian troops, and that she was violating the laws of the United States. These statements are untrue; they are nothing but baseless inventions, and they serve only to condemn the persons who make use of them. The steamer carried no masked guns nor trained gunners, or special ammunition, nor was she transporting troops, or violating any laws of the United States.


text: Socialism Made Easy/Workshop Talks

title: Socialism Made Easy/Workshop Talks


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text: Poor Richard's Almanack

title: Poor Richard's Almanack


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text:
Page:The Net of Faith.pdf/779

286* Dante, ,

David, King,, ,

Denis, Ernest,, ,

Devil (Antichrist, Satan),, , , ,.

Dictatorship,, ,

,, , , , ; Pope's guilt, ; Emperor's guilt, ; , , ,.

Double Ethic,, , ,.

Duba̍nek, Chval, ;.

Elijah, ,

Elymas Magus, ,

,, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,–, ,.

Erasmus of Rotterdam,, , ,.

Esther,

Eugenius IV, Pope,,.

Eusebius,.

Exploitation,, ,.

Fausta, Empress,.

Feudal System,, ,.

France,.

Fratricelli, ,

Freedom, ; of choice,,.

Galerius, Emperor,.

Gelasian Doctrine of the Two Powers,, , ,.

Gelasius I, Pope,.

George of Podiebrad,, ,.

Germany,,.

Gideon,, ,

God; His grace,, , , ; wrath, , , , ; His law, , , , , , , , , , , ; omnipotence & sovereignty, , , , , , , , , ;

Goll, ; ; ; ;, ;.

Gregory, Brother,, ,.

Government,, , , ; ,.

Gregory, Saint, ,

Gregory II, Pope,.

Heard, Gerald, ,

Herod, king, ,

Herrade, of Landsberg,, ,

Holinka, ; ,, ; ;. ;.

Holy Roman Empire,.

Holy Spirit,, , , , , , ,.

Honoré d' Autun, ,

,, ,

Hus, John,, , , , , , ,.

Hu̍ska (Loquis), Martin, ,

Hussite Reformation,, , , , , ; anthem, ; , ; wars,.

Imperialism,, ,

Indulgences,.

title: Page:The Net of Faith.pdf/779


text:
Module:Header/attribution

require('strict')

local p = {}

local yesno = require('Module:Yesno') local tableTools = require('Module:TableTools') local contrib_types = require('Module:Header/attribution data')

p.attr_data = {} for k, v in pairs(contrib_types) do	p.attr_data[v['param_name']] = v end

local function construct_attribution_span(args) local aspan = mw.html.create('span') :addClass('vcard') :attr('id', 'header-' .. args.span_param_name .. '-text') :tag('span'):addClass('fn'):wikitext(args.atext) return tostring(mw.html.create('span')		:addClass('contributor-text')		:wikitext(args.prefix .. tostring(aspan))	) end

local function construct_attribution(args, data) local param_name = data['param_name'] local span_param_name = param_name local prefix = data['prefix'] .. ' '	if param_name == 'section-author' then span_param_name = 'contributor' end if param_name == 'author' and args['override-' .. param_name] then prefix = '' -- legacy parameter elseif param_name == 'translator' and args.language then prefix = 'translated from ' .. (args.language_name or 'unrecognized language') .. ' by ' end -- override (legacy parameter) local atext = args['override-' .. param_name] if atext then if args.template_name == 'Translation header' and param_name == 'translator' then atext = atext .. ' and Wikisource' end return construct_attribution_span({span_param_name = span_param_name, prefix = prefix, atext = atext}) end -- get author1, author2, ... local all_contributors = {} for k, v in pairs(args) do		local n		local info local param_name_pattern = string.gsub(param_name, '%-', '%%%-') local nText = string.match(k, '^' .. param_name_pattern .. '%d*$') local nDisplay = string.match(k, '^' .. param_name_pattern .. '%d*%-display$') local nNoLink = string.match(k, '^' .. param_name_pattern .. '%d*%-nolink$') if nText then n = string.gsub(nText, param_name_pattern .. '(%d*)$', '%1') n = tonumber(n) or 1 info = 'text' elseif nDisplay then n = string.gsub(nDisplay, param_name_pattern .. '(%d*)%-display$', '%1') n = tonumber(n) or 1 info = 'display' elseif nNoLink then n = string.gsub(nNoLink, param_name_pattern .. '(%d*)%-nolink$', '%1') n = tonumber(n) or 1 info = 'nolink' end if n then all_contributors[n] = all_contributors[n] or {} all_contributors[n][info] = v		end end local contributors = {} for n, contributor in pairs(all_contributors) do		local text = contributor['text'] local display = contributor['display'] local nolink = yesno(contributor['nolink']) or false if nolink then contributors[n] = display or text elseif text then local special = false for k, v in pairs(data['special_cases']) do				if string.lower(text) == k then special = true if args.template_name == 'Translation header' and param_name == 'translator' and k == 'wikisource' then display = nil elseif type(v) == 'function' then display = v(display) else display = v					end break end end if not special then if not display then display = string.gsub(text, ' %(.*%)$', '') end display =  .. display ..  end if display then contributors[n] = display end end end

contributors = tableTools.compressSparseArray(contributors) if args.template_name == 'Translation header' and param_name == 'translator' then table.insert(contributors, 'Wikisource') end

if #contributors == 0 then return nil elseif #contributors == 1 then atext = contributors[1] else atext = table.concat(contributors, ', ', 1, #contributors - 1) .. ' and ' .. contributors[#contributors] end

-- Temporary check for illustrator in subpages. -- TODO: remove once --      Special:PermanentLink/14324127 --      has been addressed. local cat = '' if param_name == 'illustrator' and mw.title.getCurrentTitle.isSubpage then cat =  .. 'Category:' .. 'Subpages using illustrator parameter' ..  end

local s = construct_attribution_span({span_param_name = span_param_name, prefix = prefix, atext = atext})

return s .. cat end

function p.construct_attributions(args) local attributions = {} for i = 1, #contrib_types do		local atext = construct_attribution(args, contrib_types[i]) if atext then table.insert(attributions, atext) end end if #attributions == 0 then return '' end return table.concat(attributions, ', ') end

-- section

function p.construct_section(args) local section_text = args['section'] if not section_text or section_text == '' then return '' end local attributions = {} for i = 1, #contrib_types do		local data = contrib_types[i] data['param_name'] = 'section-' .. data['param_name'] local atext = construct_attribution(args, data) if atext then table.insert(attributions, atext) end end if #attributions > 0 then local sep = ' ' if #attributions > 1 then sep = ' ' end section_text = section_text .. sep .. table.concat(attributions, ', ') end return tostring(mw.html.create('div')		:addClass('header-section-text')		:wikitext(section_text)	) end

return p

title: Module:Header/attribution


text: Page:James Connolly - Socialism Made Easy (1909).djvu/33


text:
Module:Header/attribution/doc

Supporting module for Module:Header. View test cases at Template:Header/testcases.

title: Module:Header/attribution/doc


text:
Page:James Connolly - Socialism Made Easy (1909).djvu/35

At meetings throughout this country one frequently hears speakers laboring to arouse the workers to their duty, exclaiming:

“You unite industrially, why then do you divide politically? You unite against the bosses in strikes and lock-outs, and then you foolishly divide when you go to the ballot-box. Why not unite at the ballot-box as you unite in the workshop? Why not show the same unity on the political field as you do on the industrial battlefield?”

At first blush this looks to be an exceedingly apt and forcible form of appeal to our fellow-workers, but when examined more attentively it will be seen that in view of the facts of our industrial warfare this appeal is based upon a fragrant mis-statement of facts. The real truth is that the workers do not unite industrially, but on the contrary are most hopelessly divided on the industrial field, and that their division and confusion on the political field are the direct result of their division and confusion on the industrial field. It would be easy to prove that even our most loyal trade unionists habitually play the game of the capitalist class on the industrial field just as surely as the Republican and Democratic workers do it on the political field. Let us examine the situation on the industrial field and see if it justifies the claim that economically the workers


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text:
Module:Header/attribution/sandbox

require('strict')

local p = {}

local yesno = require('Module:Yesno') local tableTools = require('Module:TableTools') local contrib_types = require('Module:Header/attribution data')

p.attr_data = {} for k, v in pairs(contrib_types) do	p.attr_data[v['param_name']] = v end

local function construct_attribution_span(args) local aspan = mw.html.create('span') :addClass('vcard') :attr('id', 'header-' .. args.span_param_name .. '-text') :tag('span'):addClass('fn'):wikitext(args.atext) return tostring(mw.html.create('span')		:addClass('contributor-text')		:wikitext(args.prefix .. tostring(aspan))	) end

local function construct_attribution(args, data) local param_name = data['param_name'] local span_param_name = param_name local prefix = data['prefix'] .. ' '	if param_name == 'section-author' then span_param_name = 'contributor' end if param_name == 'author' and args['override-' .. param_name] then prefix = '' -- legacy parameter elseif param_name == 'translator' and args.language then prefix = 'translated from ' .. (args.language_name or 'unrecognized language') .. ' by ' end -- override (legacy parameter) local atext = args['override-' .. param_name] if atext then if args.template_name == 'Translation header' and param_name == 'translator' then atext = atext .. ' and Wikisource' end return construct_attribution_span({span_param_name = span_param_name, prefix = prefix, atext = atext}) end -- get author1, author2, ... local all_contributors = {} for k, v in pairs(args) do		local n		local info local param_name_pattern = string.gsub(param_name, '%-', '%%%-') local nText = string.match(k, '^' .. param_name_pattern .. '%d*$') local nDisplay = string.match(k, '^' .. param_name_pattern .. '%d*%-display$') local nNoLink = string.match(k, '^' .. param_name_pattern .. '%d*%-nolink$') if nText then n = string.gsub(nText, param_name_pattern .. '(%d*)$', '%1') n = tonumber(n) or 1 info = 'text' elseif nDisplay then n = string.gsub(nDisplay, param_name_pattern .. '(%d*)%-display$', '%1') n = tonumber(n) or 1 info = 'display' elseif nNoLink then n = string.gsub(nNoLink, param_name_pattern .. '(%d*)%-nolink$', '%1') n = tonumber(n) or 1 info = 'nolink' end if n then all_contributors[n] = all_contributors[n] or {} all_contributors[n][info] = v		end end local contributors = {} for n, contributor in pairs(all_contributors) do		local text = contributor['text'] local display = contributor['display'] local nolink = yesno(contributor['nolink']) or false if nolink then contributors[n] = display or text elseif text then local special = false for k, v in pairs(data['special_cases']) do				if string.lower(text) == k then special = true if args.template_name == 'Translation header' and param_name == 'translator' and k == 'wikisource' then display = nil elseif type(v) == 'function' then display = v(display) else display = v					end break end end if not special then if not display then display = string.gsub(text, ' %(.*%)$', '') end display =  .. display ..  end if display then contributors[n] = display end end end

contributors = tableTools.compressSparseArray(contributors) if args.template_name == 'Translation header' and param_name == 'translator' then table.insert(contributors, 'Wikisource') end

if #contributors == 0 then return nil elseif #contributors == 1 then atext = contributors[1] else atext = table.concat(contributors, ', ', 1, #contributors - 1) .. ' and ' .. contributors[#contributors] end

-- Temporary check for illustrator in subpages. -- TODO: remove once --      Special:PermanentLink/14324127 --      has been addressed. local cat = '' if param_name == 'illustrator' and mw.title.getCurrentTitle.isSubpage then cat =  .. 'Category:' .. 'Subpages using illustrator parameter' ..  end

local s = construct_attribution_span({span_param_name = span_param_name, prefix = prefix, atext = atext})

return s .. cat end

function p.construct_attributions(args) local attributions = {} for i = 1, #contrib_types do		local atext = construct_attribution(args, contrib_types[i]) if atext then table.insert(attributions, atext) end end if #attributions == 0 then return '' end return table.concat(attributions, ', ') end

-- section

function p.construct_section(args) local section_text = args['section'] if not section_text or section_text == '' then return '' end local attributions = {} for i = 1, #contrib_types do		local data = contrib_types[i] data['param_name'] = 'section-' .. data['param_name'] local atext = construct_attribution(args, data) if atext then table.insert(attributions, atext) end end if #attributions > 0 then local sep = ' ' if #attributions > 1 then sep = ' ' end section_text = section_text .. sep .. table.concat(attributions, ', ') end return tostring(mw.html.create('div')		:addClass('header-section-text')		:wikitext(section_text)	) end

return p

title: Module:Header/attribution/sandbox


text:
Page:A Day in Athens with Socrates (1884).djvu/11

These dialogues have been brought together, not with the idea that they will afford any adequate conception of Plato’s philosophy, — the outgrowth of the teachings of Socrates, — but because they embody one of the most vivid pictures which have come down to us of the age in which these men lived and taught. It would be hard, indeed, to find a more perfect illustration of the distinctive characteristics of any age than is contained in the dialogues of Plato. Painter and poet no less than philosopher, he borrows colour from the scenes which surround him, and finds voice for his loftiest theories in the conversations of the men with whom he is in daily intercourse. As we follow the drama enacting before us, we feel that the lapse of centuries forms no barrier between that age and our own. Only when the action is set aside for the extended consideration of some abstract theme, are we made aware that our want of familiarity with the intellectual standpoint of that day too often proves an obstacle to a clear apprehension of the argument. Some of these difficulties may perhaps best be met by a glance at the position occupied by the newer schools of philosophy in relation to those that had gone before. In earlier ages, intent upon examining “things under the earth and in the heavens,” philosophers seem habitually to have withdrawn themselves to solitary heights of specula-


text:
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iv tive thought, whence, to use Plato’s words, “they look down with exceeding contempt upon us common men, and make but small account of us; nor even when they hold discourse do they take thought whether we keep pace with them or are left behind: each man of them goes on his own way.”

But the day was at hand when “common men” would no longer submit to entire exclusion from the world of philosophy. By this time, however, the inadequacy of systems which strove to “explain the unexplainable” had become but too apparent. An inevitable re-action took place in favour of the practical; and, answering to the new requirements of the day, a new school arose, which proclaimed the instruction of men in the right conduct of life as its chief end and purpose, and cultivated the arts of rhetoric and argumentation, which were yet novelties, as a help towards the attainment of this end.

It is easy to see, that to the active and subtle Greek mind, studies such as these would offer a peculiar attraction, and, pursued with a dangerous facility, might prove fatal to the end which they were at first intended to serve. “The Greek,” says Taine, “is a reasoner even more than a metaphysician or a savant. He takes pleasure in delicate distinctions, in subtle analyses. He delights in splitting hairs, in weaving spiders’ webs. In this his dexterity is unrivalled. Little matters it to him, that, alike in theory and in practice, this too-complicated and fine-drawn web is of no use whatever: he is content to watch the separate threads as they weave themselves into imperceptible and symmetrical meshes. Here the national vice is a final outcome of the national talent. Nowhere else has been seen a group of eminent and popular men who taught with success and


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34 are united, or if it justifies the contention I make that the division of the workers on the political field is but the reflex of the confused ideas derived from the practice of the workers in strikes and lock-outs.

Quite recently we had a great strike of the workers employed on the Subway and Elevated systems of street car service in New York. The men showed a splendid front against the power of the mammoth capitalist company headed by August Belmont, against which they were arrayed. Conductors, motormen, ticket-choppers, platform men, repairers, permanent way men, ticket-sellers—all went out together and for a time paralyzed the entire traffic on their respective system. The company, on the other hand, had the usual recourse to Jim Farley and his scabs and sought to man the trains with those professional traitors to their class. The number of scabs was large, but small in proportion to the men on strike, yet the strike was broken. It was not the scabs, however, who turned the scale against the strikers in favor of the men. That service to capital was performed by good union men with union cards in their pockets. These men were the engineers in the power houses which supplied the electric power to run the cars, and without whom all the scabs combined could not have run a single trip. A scab is a vile creature, but what shall we say of the men who helped the scab to commit his act of treason? The law says that an accessory before the fact is equally quilty of a crime with the actual criminal. What, then, are the trade unionists who supplied the power to scabs to help them break a strike? They were unconsciously being compelled by their false system of organization to betray their struggling


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Rh glory, as did Gorgias, Protagoras, and Polus, the art of making the worse appear the better cause, and maintained with an appearance of truth an absurd proposition, however shocking it might be.”

Ethical problems, to solve which was the avowed object of this new school of philosophy, but too frequently were abandoned for a training intended to ensure worldly success and fame; high ideals, sometimes even moral standards, were practically ignored; ability in discussion, facility of expression, came to be regarded not merely as helps to reach truth, but as the sole end of education, the “greatest good of man.” It is doubtless true that to class all the immediate predecessors of Socrates indiscriminately in one school is as unfair as to make their supposed method a mere synonyme for specious argument. Also in their favour it should be remembered that an inestimable service was rendered by these men in preparing the ground for Socrates himself, and through him for all subsequent philosophers. Had the doctrine that "Man is the measure of all things” not been proclaimed by Protagoras, the conclusion would less soon have been reached, that not only is philosophy made for man, but that man also is made for philosophy; and that hence his bounden duty, nay, his privilege it is, to apply to each act of his life the test whereby the true may be separated from the false, the real from the unreal.

But between the teachings of these men and those of Socrates there is a wide divergence — one less of degree than of kind, less of method than of aim and purpose. The long-winded harangues of other teachers, their confident dogmatism which induced an uncriticising acquiescence on the part of their pupils, differed indeed radically


text: The Man from Snowy River and Other Verses/Clancy of The Overflow


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keep the Reader from being at all surpriz'd at the Date of the Title-Page, I must inform him, that a good part of the ensuing Tracts were Printed off, and in my custody, the last year; and the rest had come out with them divers moneths ago, if the Noble Author had not been hinder'd from committing them to the Press by the desire and hope of being able in a short time to send them abroad more numerous, and by his being hinder'd to do so partly by Remove, partly by the want of some Papers that were odly lost or spoil'd, and partly by the sickness of himself, and divers of his near

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was the chief port of Athens. It was the ome of the mefics — this term including all resident Greeks not of Athenian parentage — and of the foreign residents, as at this day are the ports of Galata and Pera in Constantinople.

Plato and his two brothers, and , claimed descent on their father’s side from Codrus, the last king of Athens; while through their mother, Perictione, they were nephews of Critias, the leader of the violent faction of the Thirty Tyrants, and were also connected with the great law-giver Solon. Glaucon is said to have written a number of dialogues, none of which, however, are extant. A conversation between him and Socrates is given in the Memorabilia of Xenophon (iii. 6) in which Glaucon is cured of a wild ambition to put himself at the head of public affairs, by being led to perceive and acknowledge his own ignorance and incapacity.

, who is shortly to be introduced, is known to us only by the representation of him in the Republic.

The worship of, the Thracian Artemis, was first celebrated in Athens by a public festival at the time when Plato represents this dialogue as opening. 138


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Rh Relations. And some of these Impediments do yet suppress what the Author intended should have made a part of the Book, which now he suffers to be publish'd without them, though divers of his Papers about some other particular Qualities have been written so long ago, as to have lain for many years neglected among other of his old Writings: Which that he may have both leasure and health to review, and fit for publication, is the ardent wish of the sincere Lovers of Real Knowledge, who have reason to look on it as no mean proof of his constant kindness to Experimental Philosophy, that in these Tracts he perseveres in his course of freely and candidly communicating his Experiments and Observations to the publick, notwithstanding the liberty that hath been too boldly taken to mention them as their own by some later Writers; as particularly by the Compiler of the Treatise, entitul'd Polygraphice, who in two Chapters hath allow'd himself to present his Reader with above Fifty Experiments, taken out of

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The "Lusitania" left New York at noon on the 1st of May, 1915. I am told that before she sailed notices were published in New York by the German authorities that the ship would be attacked by German submarines, and people were warned not to take passage in her. I mention this matter not as affecting the present enquiry but because I believe it is relied upon as excusing in some way the subsequent killing of the passengers and crew on board the ship. In my view, so far from affording any excuse the threats serve only to aggravate the crime by making it plain that the intention to commit it was deliberately formed and the crime itself planned before the ship sailed. Unfortunately the threats were not regarded as serious by the people intended to be affected