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 the subject that possessed him. He had indeed made a great discovery, though he was as yet a man utterly unknown in the scientific world. He proceeded to project a map of the stratification of England; but was for some time deterred from proceeding with it, being fully occupied in carrying out the works of the Somersetshire coal canal, which engaged him for a period of about six years. He continued, nevertheless, to be unremitting in his observation of facts; and he became so expert in apprehending the internal structure of a district and detecting the lie of the strata from its external configuration, that he was often consulted respecting the drainage of extensive tracts of land, in which, guided by his geological knowledge, he proved remarkably successful, and acquired an extensive reputation.

One day, when looking over the cabinet collection of fossils belonging to the Rev. Samuel Richardson, at Bath, Smith astonished his friend by suddenly disarranging his classification, and rearranging the fossils in their stratigraphical order, saying—"These came from the blue has, these from the over-lying sand and freestone, these from the fuller's earth, and these from the Bath building stone." A new light flashed upon Mr. Richardson's mind, and he shortly became a convert to and believer in William Smith's doctrine. The geologists of the day were not, however, so easily convinced; and it was scarcely to be tolerated that an unknown land-surveyor should pretend to teach them the science of geology. But William Smith had an eye and mind to penetrate deep beneath the skin of the earth; he saw its very fibre and skeleton, and, as it were, divined its organization. His knowledge


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 112

"The peace and mercy of God be with you."

"The peace and mercy of God be with you."

At the close of the whole set of prayers, that is, of Farz, Sunnat, Nafl, or Witr, the worshipper raises his hands and offers up a "Munáját," or supplication. This usually consists of prayers selected from the Qurán or Hadís. They ought to be said in Arabic, although they are frequently offered up in the vernacular.

These daily prayers are either Farz, Sunnat, Nafl, or Witr. Farz, are those number of rakʾats, (or forms of prayer,) said to be enjoined by God. Sunnat those founded on the practice of Muhammad. Nafl, the voluntary performance of two rakʾats, or more, which may be omitted without sin. Witr, an odd number

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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 Rh of rakʾats, either one, three, five or seven, said after the night prayer. These divisions of prayer are entirely distinct from each other. They each begin afresh with the Niyyat. The worshippers may rest for awhile between them, but not converse on worldly subjects. The Wahhábis think it correct to say the Sunnat prayers in their houses and only the Farz prayers in the mosque.

In order that our readers may be able to judge of the mechanism of this Muhammadan performance of prayer, we annex a time-table of the Muslim's common prayer, showing the number of rakʾats or forms; from which it will be seen what is required of a pious Muhammadan. The five times of prayer are enjoined in the Qurán, the other three periods of prayer are voluntary. (See next page.)

Upon reference to the form of prayer, or rakʾats, which we have given, and which admits


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 Rh of no change or variation, whether used for the "time of travelling," in the "time of danger," or in the "time of need," it will be seen that notwithstanding the beauty of its devotional language, it is simply a superstitious rite, having nothing in common with the Christian idea of prayer.

The devotions of Islám are essentially "vain repetitions," for they must be said in the Arabic language, and admit of no change or variety. The effect of such a constant round of devotional forms, which are but the service of the lips, on the vast majority of Muhammadans, can be easily imagined. We believe that the absence of anything like true devotion from these services accounts for the fact that religion and true piety stand so far apart in the practice of Islám.

In addition to the daily prayers, the following are special services for special occasions:

Sulát-ul-Jumaʾ.—"The Friday Prayer." It consists of two rakʾats after the daily meridian prayer.

Sulát-ul-Musáfir.—"Prayers for a traveller."


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 Rh Abdullah ibn Ahmad, 710, and the Talwiʾ Tauziaʾ, by ʾUbaid-Ullah ibn Masʾud,  747.

(3.) ʾAqáid (lit. "creeds").—Expositions of scholastic theology, founded upon the six articles of faith. The most celebrated exposition of the Islám creed being that by Imám Ghazáli, 505. In India the work most read is the Sharah-i-ʾAqáid, by Maulaví Masʾud Sʾad-ud-din Taftazáni, 792.

(4.) Fiqah.—Works on Muhammadan law, whether civil or religious. The work most read amongst Sunnis is the Hidáyah, written by a learned man named ʾAli, 593; part of which has been translated by the late Colonel Charles Hamilton. A smaller work, entitled the Sharah Waqaiah, by Abdul Haqq, is also much used.

(5.) Tafsír.—Commentaries on the Qurán. These are very numerous, and contain very many Jewish traditions of the most worthless character. One of the latest and most learned of these productions is said to be the short commentary by Shah Wali Ullah of Delhi, who died 1176.

The best known commentaries amongst the Sunnis are Baizáwi ( 685), Madárik (


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162 701), Jalálain ( 911), Baghawi ( 515), Mazhári ( 1225), Hoseini ( 900).

(6.) Síyar.—Ecclesiastical history, i. e. the history of Muhammad and his successors. This branch of literature, Sayyid Ahmad Khan of Aligarh says, "is the one which requires the most emendation."

The chief authorities on the life of Muhammad and early days of Islám, in addition to the Hadís, are Ibn Isháq, Ibn Hishám, Wáqidi, and Tabarí; whilst the most popular histories amongst the Sunnis of India are the Rawzat-ul-Ahbáb, by ʾAtaa Ullah ibn Fazl Ullah, 1000, and the Madárij-un-Nabuwat, by Shekh Abdul Haqq,  1025.

In addition to his theological studies, the Muhammadan student is instructed in Mantiq (logic), Sarf (inflexion), and Nahw (syntax).

The text of a book is called Matan, the marginal notes Hashíyah, and its commentary Sharh.


text: Notes on Muhammadanism/Chapter 32

title: Notes on Muhammadanism/Chapter 32


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 enemy occupation it was enlarged to an area 1,300 yards by 90 yards, running southeast and northwest, and dispersal bays were added. Japanese planes used the field until the end of September, when our Air Force pocked its surface with bomb craters and put it out of commission. The Japanese had also built a dummy field, running almost due east and west, in the other grassy area, across Simemi Creek. To distinguish it from the "Old Strip," the dummy field received the name of "New Strip" in our operations.

Approach to Buna is difficult whether by sea or by land. It has no harbor. Coral reefs abound near the shore and are scattered over the sea to a distance of 25 miles from land. Cargo has to be discharged at sea into native double canoes usually carrying 1 to 1½ tons. On the land side, Buna is cut off by swamps and creeks and can be approached only along four narrow corridors, each with its trail.

The coastal trail runs from Cape Sudest past Hariko and cuts over along the northern edge of the New Strip to Simemi Creek, southeast of the Old Strip. Here it meets the second trail, which comes from Dobodura and Simemi village and skirts the east side of the main swamp south of Buna. After the junction, the trail crosses the creek on a permanent bridge and continues along the northern edge of the Old Strip to the Mission. Between the bridge and the Mission, it is a passable motor road. The third trail comes up from Dobodura on the west side of the main swamp, joins a trail from Soputa at Ango Corner, and then runs to a fork about 1,200 yards from the coast. The right fork leads to the coastal track southeast of the Mission; the left fork crosses Entrance Creek by a footbridge and proceeds to Buna Village.

The fourth route approaches Buna from the northwest. It originates beyond Gona and roughly follows the coast, fording several streams before it reaches Siwori Village where it meets two other trails. One of these leads from Siwori Village along the small peninsula between Girua River and the sea to a point just across the mouth of the river from Buna Village. The other skirts the mainland, crosses the Girua River by a footbridge (destroyed early in the operation), and joins the left fork of the Ango trail about 200 yards south of Buna Village. These trails average 12 feet in width but are so low-lying that a heavy rain would put sections under water. The 114th Engineers worked constantly putting down corduroy to make routes passable 11


text: Supplement to the Fourth, Fifth, and Sixth Editions of the Encyclopædia Britannica/Annuities/Part 1


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 for peeps, for all supply and evacuation were based on the trails, the "Main Streets" of the Buna jungle.

Along with difficulties resulting from the terrain went problems inherent in the uniformly hot and muggy climate. At Buna a rise in temperature of 1° or 2° F. increases physical discomfort tremendously. To make matters worse, the fighting took place in the months when precipitation, temperature, and humidity are highest. In December of a normal year, the temperature ranges between 72° and 89° F., and the humidity averages 82 per cent. During this month, the average precipitation of 14½ inches falls in heavy tropical showers with intervening periods of clear weather. Fortunately the major rains held off until the very end of the operations at Buna, but the men who fought in the jungle swamps of the northeastern coast of Papua would not describe the area as dry at any time.

Our troops suffered from malaria and dengue fever prevalent in the region. They also suffered from depression and lassitude caused by the climate and inadequate food; salt and vitamin tablets did no more than alleviate the situation. Within 2 weeks of our entry into the area the rate of sickness began to climb, and at all times thereafter a heavy percentage of every combat unit was hospitalized by malaria and other fevers. For every two men who were battle casualties, five were out of action from fever. Daily doses of quinine or atabrine were compulsory but only suppressed the symptoms.

Jungle, swamp, stifling climate, insects, fever—all these and the Japanese were the enemies of our troops. In the words of one of their own number:


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More than 1,800 seasoned Japanese soldiers and marines, who for the most part had not participated in the Moresby drive, were entrenched in a superb defensive position awaiting our attack. The western flank of the enemy line was protected by the sea and the impenetrable swamps of the main mouth of the Girua River. The eastern flank rested on the seacoast south of Cape Endaiadere. The middle of the line was guarded by the wide stretch of continuous swamp between Entrance and Simemi creeks. Our attacks were necessarily confined to the trails, canalized along two widely separated corridors without any lateral communication, one between Simemi Creek and the east coast and the other on the west side of the swamp along the Ango trail toward the Mission and Buna Village. Movement of our troops from one flank to the other entailed a 2-day march via Ango and Simemi; in contrast, the Japanese had a motor road from the Mission to Simemi Creek over which they could reinforce either flank in a few minutes.

The Japanese main line of defense ran from the Girua River along the outskirts of Buna Village, thence roughly southeast to Entrance Creek and across it to the nearby junction of the Village trail with the Mission-Ango track. There it turned abruptly north, enclosing a narrow pointed area called the Triangle, then swept east across the grass-covered field known as Government Gardens toward Giropa Point. About 500 yards south of the Point it bent southeast to the western end of the Old Strip. This western sector was manned by two Marine units, the Yasuda Butai (detachment) and the Tsukioka Butai, under Col. Yoshitatsu Yasuda. Men of these units had fought in China, Malaya, and various islands of the Pacific.

The south edge of the Old Strip was protected by the swamp. From the bridge across Simemi Creek at the southeastern corner of the Old Strip, the enemy defense line continued along the northern edge of the New Strip through the Duropa Plantation to reach the sea a half mile south of Cape Endaiadere. The 3d Battalion, 229th Infantry, which had-fought at Canton and Hongkong, marched down from Gona on 18 November and manned this eastern flank, together with a replacement unit known as the Yamamoto Butai.

13


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 These troops were commanded by Maj. Gen. Oda, succeeding General Horii, who had been drowned in the Kumusi River while retreating from the attack on Port Moresby. In addition to the infantry already mentioned, which numbered about 1,165, he had at Buna a number of other elements: a heavy antiaircraft battery which was tentatively identified as the 73d Independent Unit, with a minimum strength of 100; a battery of mountain artillery believed to be from the 3d Battalion, 55th Field Artillery, and numbering at least 100 men; about 100 men remaining from the 144th Infantry, which had been decimated in the Port Morsby expedition; some 300 miscellaneous troops, including engineer, medical, signal, and supply personnel; about 400 Japanese, Formosan, and Korean laborers of the 14th and 15th Construction Units. The Japanese force at Buna thus totaled about 2,200, of which some 1,800 were combat troops. Only the remnant of the 144th Infantry had taken part in the disastrous retreat over the Owen Stanley Mountains; the rest were fresh and ready for battle.

Our troops approached Buna completely ignorant of the defenses which faced them. They found the enemy forces established in almost impregnable defensive works, which baffled the earlier attackers and left them uncertain of the exact location of their foes. They first had to find out just where the Japanese were and then solve the problem of how to drive them from their fortifications.

The defenses consisted essentially of a network of mutually supporting bunkers, organized in depth. The 32d Division at Buna was the first American unit to meet and conquer this type of defense. At Munda, Salamaua, and all other points in the Southwest Pacific Area where we have since encountered prepared Japanese positions, the experience gained at Buna has proved valuable.

Dugouts are not feasible in the Buna area because the water table is too close to the surface. The Japanese bunkers were, therefore, almost entirely above ground. The base of the bunker was a shallow trench, up to 40 feet in length for the larger bunkers, and 6 to 10 feet for the smaller. A framework of columns and beams was set up, the walls were revetted with coconut logs ranging up to 1½ feet in thickness, and a ceiling of two or three courses of such logs was laid on top. Not content with this construction, the enemy reinforced the wall, using steel oil drums and ammunition boxes filled with sand, as well as log 14


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15


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 piles and rocks. Over all this were piled earth and sand mixed with short logs, coconuts, and the like. When the bunker, 7 to 8 feet high, was camouflaged with fast-growing jungle vegetation, it became almost impossible to spot in the tangled underbrush. The campaign was to prove that as a shelter it would withstand almost anything but a direct hit by a heavy artillery shell with delayed-action fuze. Entrances to the bunkers usually were in the rear, covered by fire from adjacent bunkers, and often angled so that a hand grenade tossed in the door would not kill the occupants.

Some of the bunkers had fire slits for machine guns or rifles. In this case snipers in the trees overhead served as observers. The snipers would fire warning shots when our troops approached, and then a machine-gun burst would come from the bunker. The bunkers, however, were principally used for shelter during aerial bombardment and shelling. After such attacks the Japanese crawled out along the communication trenches and took up firing positions in individual emplacements to the sides and front of the bunkers. Not all of these shelters were occupied at any one time; the garrison shifted from point to point to meet our attack, and our troops soon learned that each captured bunker must be garrisoned or destroyed to prevent the enemy from infiltrating and reoccupying it. The Japanese worked steadily to improve and strengthen their system of defenses and constructed new lines as they were forced back.

Japanese tactics during the Buna campaign were strictly defensive. Counterattacks were few and came mostly at the end of the operation, when the enemy's situation was growing desperate. For the most part he dug himself in and waited for our troops to cross his final protective lines. Time and time again our troops were baffled by the enfilading fire from positions they could not see. As the soldiers kept complaining, "If we could only see them, it wouldn't take long." But the Japanese light machine guns and Arisaka rifles gave off no flash, and in the great tent of towering trees sound so reverberated that the report of a weapon did not aid in its location. Our troops had to locate each bunker by costly fumbling, then either outflank it by creeping through a swamp or charge it again and again until the defenders were worn out. The Japanese never surrendered. As one soldier explained, "They are tough babies all right, but I guess part of the toughness comes from them not being able to go any place else; they just stay there and die." 16


text: Index:Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 on Gazette of India.pdf


text:
Magistrates Courts Act

 * Magistrates Courts Act 1921 (Qld.)
 * Court of Petty Sessions Ordinance (No 2) 1930 (Cwlth.), which was eventually renamed as the Magistrates Court Act 1930 (ACT)
 * Magistrates’ Courts Act 1944 (No. 32 of 1944) (South Africa)
 * Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980 (c. 43) (United Kingdom)
 * Magistrates’ Courts Act 1989 (Vic.)
 * Magistrates Court Act 2004 (WA)

title: Magistrates Courts Act


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 a sense upon what is; we do actually see a woman go behind a screen as Lady Teazle, and, after a certain interval, we do actually see her very shamefully produced again. Now all these things, that remain as they were in life, and are not transmuted into any artistic convention, are terribly stubborn and difficult to deal with; and hence there are for the dramatist many resultant limitations in time and space. These limitations in some sort approximate towards those of painting: the dramatic author is tied down, not indeed to a moment, but to the duration of each scene or act; he is confined to the stage, almost as the painter is confined within his frame. But the great restriction is this, that a dramatic author must deal with his actors, and with his actors alone. Certain moments of suspense, certain significant dispositions of personages, a certain logical growth of emotion, these are the only means at the disposal of the playwright. It is true that, with the assistance of the scene-painter, the costumier and the conductor of the orchestra, he may add to this something of pageant, something of sound and fury; but these are, for the dramatic writer, beside the mark, and do not come under the vivifying touch of his genius. When we turn to romance, we find this no longer. Here nothing is reproduced to our senses directly. Not only


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 bers had made his appearance at the bar. Every one present seemed struck with terror when he entered the hall.

He was of a gigantic make, near seven feet high, his robust limbs corresponding with his extraordinary size; his black and bushy hair covered part of his sun-burnt face, which was disfigured by two gaping scars across his left cheek. His eye, for he had but one left, flashed like lightning when he beheld the dread arbiters of life and death eager to pronounce his doom. The judge exhorted him to speak the truth, and not to aggravate his guilt by stubbornness. However nobody expected that a wretch of his appearance would pay the least regard to gentle admonitions, and perhaps remain silent even under the tortures of the rack. His savage look and lofty mien seemed to betoken an haughty spirit, not easy to be subdued. I at least had entertained not the most distant hope of having my curiosity gratified in so satisfactory a manner as he really did.


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 Imagine therefore my astonishment when contrary to all expectation, he began.

"My Lord and Gentlemen,

"I am in your power, and well aware that nothing can avert my impending doom, I scorn the tortures of the rack and bid defiance to every human effort, to force me to a confession of my crimes: You might tear my limbs asunder, and kill me by inches, and yet would never extort a single word from my lips, if I had no other reasons to deal candidly with you. However I will spare you that trouble, and honestly confess my crimes, their origin, and their progress; being strongly persuaded that the history of my life will afford a useful lesson to judges, and teach the guardians of the people to be careful how they inflict punishments if they will not make a complete rogue of many a hapless wretch, who would have been recalled to his duty, and preserved to the human society, by gentle


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Page:The Net of Faith.pdf/573

(:The nominal Christians pervert the words of Paul giving them ea meaning to serve their own interests. Therefore it is very important for those who want to be true Christians to see the true meaning of those Words.:)

For the word of God concerns sometimes (a) the true heavenly and spiritual authorities; (b) the true spiritual authorities which are a little lower than the heavenly; the creaturely authorities. I do not intend nor am I able to expound on the spiritual and heavenly authorities which are of God; I shall be concerned only about the human institutions which should be perfect in God's spiritual order as well as in the lower earthly orders. The latter, which God has established since the beginning of time, has been lost. Having lost that order they dwell now in great disorder. But even though they live in this disorder they still need some form of order which could – if not improve them – at least keep them in their corporeal life. dominium divinum. Cf. Wyclif,, chap.I, xi;

dominium angelicum,.

dominium humanum,. Heb.2:7: "Thou didst make (man) a little lower than the angels." Cf. also, I, chap XXVIII, p.134*.

182*

title: Page:The Net of Faith.pdf/573


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 treatment: I never should have become a robber, had not the too great severity of the laws made me an enemy to the human race, and hurried me to the brink of black despair. I know my doom is fixed; however, if your heart is no stranger to pit, you will at least not refuse a tear of humanity to a poor unhappy man, who has been dragged by dire fatality into the path of vice, and forced to commit deeds his foul abhors."

Here he stopped. Awful silence swayed around, and my curiosity was harrowed up to the highest degree, when he began nearly in the following strain.

"I am the son of an Inn-keeper at A, whose name was Wolf, and who died when I had reached my twenty-fourth year. I succeeded him in his business, which being but indifferent, many of my hours were unemployed: Being an only son, I had been spoiled by my parents, who were


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 delighted with my wanton pranks and indulged me in every thing. Grown up, girls complained of my impudence when I was but twelve years old; and the boys of the village paid homage to my inventive genius. Nature had not dealt niggardly with me in refpect of bodily endowments; however, an unfortunate kick from a horse disfigured my face in such a manner, that the girls of the village shunned me, and my play-fellows took frequent opportunities to make me an object of their merriment. The more my female acquaintances avoided me, the more the desire of pleasing took root in my heart. As I grew up, I was given to sensuality, and persuaded my self to be in love. The object of my flame treated me with scorn, and I had reason to apprehend that my rivals were more successful than I; however the girl was poor, and I had reason to hope that her heart, which was inaccessible to my vows and prayers, would yield to presents, which


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 I knew not how to procure, the small income my business afforded me being entirely swallowed up by the vain efforts I made to render my person less disgusting. Being too much addicted to idleness to exert myself in amending my circumstances, and too ambitious to change my expensive mode of life, I had only one mean left to improve my fortune, which thousands before me had tried with more success."

"The village in which I lived gave me an opportunity of committing depredations on the game, and the money I raised in that way wandered regularly into the hands of my mistress. Robert, a game-keeper to the Lord of the Manor, was one of the admirers of Jenny, which was the name of my paramour; he soon observed the advantage which my presents procured me over him, and being spurred by envy and jealousy, he watched me closely: By degrees he began to retort to the Sun, which


text:
Arbitration Ordinance

 * Arbitration Ordinance, 1963 (22 of 1963), an ordinance enacted by the Legislative Council of Hong Kong to regulate arbitration. The Act does not comply with the . Revised as the Arbitration Ordinance (Cap. 341) before repealed by 17 of 2010.
 * Arbitration Ordinance (17 of 2010), an ordinance enacted by the Legislative Council of Hong Kong relating to the same issue, but enacts in compliance of the UNCITRAL Model Law. Currently Arbitration Ordinance (Cap. 609).

title: Arbitration Ordinance


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 was the sign of my Inn, more frequently than ever, and his prying eye soon detected the source of my liberal gifts."

"A very rigorous law against game-stealing had been renewed not long before, and Robert was indefatigable to find an opportunity of getting rid of his rival. He succeeded but too soon; I was caught in the very act of shooting a deer, and condemned to be sent to the house of correction: It cost me all my little remaining fortune to buy off that punishment. Robert had gained his aim, and Jenny's heart was lost to me."

"Glowing resentment rankled in my breast and I was determined to be revenged as soon as a proper opportunity should offer. Poverty and want, hunger and despair, tempted me once more to have recourse to game-stealing, and Robert's watchfulness surprised me a second time. Being reduced to the lowest degree of poverty,


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was a thousand pities—though I believe, an' please your honour, I am going to say but a foolish kind of a thing for a soldier

A soldier, cried my uncle Toby, interrupting the corporal, is no more exempt from saying a foolish thing, Trim, than a man of letters—But not so often; and please your honour, replied the corporalMy uncle Toby gave a nod.

It was a thousand pities then, said the corporal, casting his eye upon Dunkirk, and the mole, as Servius Sulpicius, in returning out of Asia (when he sailed from


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 Ægina towards Megara) did upon Corinth and Pyreus

—"It was a thousand pities, an' please your honour, to destroy these worksand a thousand pities to have let them stood."

—Thou art right, Trim, in both cases: said my uncle Toby—This, continued the corporal, is the reason, that from the beginning of their demolition to the end—I have never once whistled, or sung, or laugh'd, or cry'd, or talk'd of pass'd done deeds, or told your honour one story good or bad

—Thou hast many excellencies, Trim, said my uncle Toby, and I hold it not the least of them, as thou happenest


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 to be a story-teller, that of the number thou hast told me, either to amuse me in my painful hours, or divert me in my grave ones—thou hast seldom told me a bad one

—Because, an' please your honour, except one of a King of Bohemia and his seven castles,—they are all true; for they are about myself

I do not like the subject the worse, Trim, said my uncle Toby, on that score: But prithee what is this story? thou hast excited my curiosity.

I'll tell it your honour, quoth the corporal directly—Provided, said my uncle Toby, looking earnestly towards Dunkirk and the mole againprovided it


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 is not a merry one; to such, Trim, a man should ever bring one half of the entertainment along with him; and the disposition I am in at present would wrong both thee, Trim, and thy story—It is not a merry one by any means, replied the corporal—Nor would I have it altogether a grave one, added my uncle Toby—It is neither the one nor the other, replied the corporal, but will suit your honour exactly—Then I'll thank thee for it with all my heart, cried my uncle Toby, so prithee begin it, Trim.

The corporal made his reverence; and though it is not so easy a matter as the world imagines, to pull off a lank montero cap with grace—or a whit less difficult, in my conceptions, when a man is sitting squat upon the ground, to make


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183* 183* (:God established this order by giving man a twofold nature, one perishable and the other imperishable. One generation dies but the other generation is born, having its foundation in the union of father and mother. Mankind respects the family institution which maintains stability and order, propriety as well as property. :)

But because these generations are born in sin, filled with iniquities, the devils rule over them. Therefore Saint Paul says about them that they are princes of the power of the air, who are at work in the sons of disobedience, that is, in the princes of darkness and in the rulers of the world. Through their hatred, iniquity, and death was ushered into the whole orbit of the earth.

(:God gave to the temporal authorities the right to rule over regions so that they might control the people and settle all their differences peacefully. Authority maintains order by compulsion. It must be a wise authority if it is to rule over unwise men.;) King Ahasverus  knew of this rule  and therefore he said;

dominium divinum. Cf. Wyclif,, chap.I, xi;

dominium angelicum,.

dominium humanum,. Heb.2:7: "Thou didst make (man) a little lower than the angels." Cf. also, I, chap XXVIII, p.134*.

Ephes. 2:2.

3-Esdr. 4:37.

Esther 13:2 (Apocryphal addition: the speech of King Artaxerxes). .

Ephes. 2:2.

3-Esdr. 4:37.

Esther 13:2 (Apocryphal addition: the speech of King Artaxerxes). .

title: Page:The Net of Faith.pdf/575


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 a bow so teeming with respect as the corporal was wont, yet by suffering the palm of his right hand, which was towards his master, to slip backward upon the grass, a little beyond his body, in order to allow it the greater sweepand by an unforced compression, at the same time, of his cap with the thumb and the two forefingers of his left, by which the diameter of the cap became reduced, so that it might be said, rather to be insensibly squeez'd—than pull'd off with a flatus—the corporal acquitted himself of both, in a better manner than the posture of his affairs promised; and having hemmed twice, to find in what key his story would best go, and best suit his master's humour—he exchanged a single look of kindness with him, and set off thus.


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was a certain king of Bo - - he

As the corporal was entering the confines of Bohemia, my uncle Toby obliged him to halt for a single moment; he had set out bare-headed, having since he pull'd off his Montero-cap in the latter end of the last chapter, left it lying beside him on the ground.

—The eye of Goodness espieth all things—so that before the corporal had well got through the first five words


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text: The Earth Turns South/Berkshires in April


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text: The Earth Turns South/I Would Not Die in April


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 a close approximation to the psychological solid is that the resulting scales facilitate adequate interpolation among the adjacent members of a finite system of samples. For if the chromatic continua are equi-stepped variations in but one attribute at a time, an unknown color can be evaluated quite definitely and quickly by assigning to it the notational equivalent of its appropriate position in the color system (, p. 362). In the absence of such psychological scales, on the contrary, a relatively haphazard and laborious succession of comparisons must be made. That is because close interpolation is then scarcely possible, and the system must include a far larger assortment of samples to permit the employment of the alternative method of evaluating the unknown by matching or approximately matching it.

A further practical advantage of uniform colorscales lies in the convenient assignment of color tolerances. Of course, “noticeability of color variations” is not the only important determinant of color tolerances (, p. 416). On the other hand, the general population considers that visual appearance or “how it looks” is very often crucial, and so perceptual tolerances are correspondingly important for many scientific and industrial colorists.

Historical note

Long recognized as the outstanding practical device for color specification by pigmented-surface standards (38), the Munsell system of color has become the subject of several other recent studies. As early as 1919, however,, Gibson, and others were already making constructive proposals for its improvement with special emphasis on scientific specification and the value scale of the Atlas colors. Subsequently,, , and markedly improved the neutral-scale value spacings. When the original report of the Glenn-Killian data was circulated in 1935, numerous irregularities became apparent. There were general irregularities which could be referred to the I.C.I. coordinate system in which the data were expressed, and there were local irregularities due to clerical or to measurement errors, as one might expect. A third class of irregularities could be ascribed to various field factors including spatial arrangement and background reflectance, but a fourth class seemed to be due to real errors in the Munsell samples themselves. Some of these irregularities are shown in Figs. 7 to 14, to be discussed later.

The idea of improving the Munsell system by visually smoothing it appears to have occurred independently to three people in 1935, viz., H. P. Gage, Dorothy Nickerson, and W. B. VanArsdel. In 1936 there appeared a mimeographed statement by D. B. Judd and Dorothy Nickerson entitled the “Review of the spacing of the Munsell colors”, which not only pointed out the desirability of smoothing irregularities but also outlined procedure for reviewing the constant-value charts and recording the observers’ estimates of the true notation for each sample. The procedural details employed in securing most of the present data will be described later. Suffice it to say here that the principal features were included in that original statement of 1936 and that the essential ratio method involved had been known as early as 1929.

The smoothing process is designed, of course, to eliminate only those irregularities which represent real departures from psychological regularity in the samples themselves. Thus sweeping irregularities in the coordinate system of reference can be allowed to remain as a part of the normal baseline. Most of the clerical errors can be corrected by checking. Irregularities due to field factors can be controlled, in part at least, by the systematic employment of masks and backgrounds of varied form and reflectance. The residual should lie largely in the Munsell notations assigned to the individual samples, and it is the smoothing out of these individual sample errors which constitutes the principal task of the subcommittee.

The subcommittee did not undertake to evolve a single scaling unit for the entire solid, or for any attributive dimension of it. As is well known, the Munsell scaling units for hue, value, and chroma are far from equivalent perceptually. The relation between these units is, and remains, roughly as follows: 1 value unit=2 chroma units=3 hue units (at /5 chroma). Even were the three units equated at the /5 chroma


text: The Earth Turns South/The Eternal Courtesies


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 hinted once or twice; and then poor Betty and our little Lizzie were so mad with eagerness, that between them I went into the fire, being thoroughly overcome with laughter and my own importance.

Now what the working of my mind was (if, indeed, it worked at all, and did not rather follow suit of body) it is not in my power to say; only that the result of my adventure in the Doone Glen was to make me dream a good deal of nights, which I had never done much before, and to drive me, with ten-fold zeal and purpose, to the practice of bullet-shooting. Not that I ever expected to shoot the Doone family, one by one, or even desired to do so, for my nature is not revengeful; but that it seemed to be somehow my business to understand the gun, as a thing I must be at home with.

I could hit the barn-door now capitally well with the Spanish match-lock, and even with John Fry's blunderbuss, at ten good landyards distance, without any rest for my fusil. And what was very wrong of me, though I did not see it then, I kept John Fry there, to praise my shots, from dinner-time often until the grey dusk, while he all the time should have been at work springploughing upon the farm. And for that matter so should I have been, or at any rate driving the horses; but John was by no means loth to be there, instead of holding the plough-tail. And indeed one of our old sayings is—


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 having on July 1st declared the provinces of the former captaincy-general to be free and independent states, confederated into a nation under the name of the United Provinces of Central America. A provisional executive of three men was established, subject to the control of the assembly, which continued in session until July 23, 1825. Filisola departed with his Mexican troops on August 3, 1823, and a year later Mexico recognized the new confederation. A federal constitution modeled on that of the United States of America was framed by the assembly and promulgated on November 22, 1824. Chiapas, still a part of Mexico, was not included in the Union, but provision was made for the subsequent admission of this province, an expected development which never materialized. The individual states had adopted their own Constitutions by September, 1824.

The first constitutional Congress met in 1825, composed largely of representatives of the Liberal party, who also elected their candidate, Manuel José Arce, President of the Federation. The latter, however, dissolved the Congress and abandoning his own party for the Conservatives, the party of the clericals and large landowners, overthrew and reorganized the government of the state of Guatemala. This led to revolts in all parts of the country, especially in Salvador, then, as ever, jealous of the preponderance of Guatemala. After a war lasting two years, Arce was overthrown by Francisco Morazán of Honduras, who became President in 1830. The Liberal government was re-established in Guatemala, but Salvador still remained dissatisfied and organized a new revolution in 1831, which was successfully combated, but resulted in the transference of the seat of the federal government to San Salvador. Morazán failed, however, to maintain his position and the Conservatives gradually regained control of the state governments. The authority of the federal government rapidly diminished to such an extent that the Federal Congress on May 30, 1838, declared the states free to constitute themselves as they might deem best, and in July, 1838, declared the states sovereign, free, and independent political bodies. In the same month the Federal Congress adjourned, never to meet 373


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 level, the resultant probably would remain an unsuitable scaling unit for the solid as a whole. This is because the size of each unit seems to exhibit some tendency to vary from one part of the color solid to another. The best single scaling unit would seem to be some kind of equal-contrast unit like the National Bureau of Standards unit (36), but that is a consideration for the future. At present, it seems unwise to attempt any changes which would do away with the well-known and useful Munsell notation. This notation is briefly described here for the convenience of any reader who does not happen to be familiar with it. In general the notation correlates with the coordinates of the surface-color solid described in the first paragraph of this paper. Thus, hue is indicated by angle about the neutral axis, value corresponds to distance above the base plane containing the point representing black, and chroma corresponds to distance from the neutral axis. A number and one or two letters indicate location of the given color in the hue circuit which is divided into 100 hue steps. Each of the 10 principal Munsell hues (R, YR, Y, GY, G, BG, B, PB, P, RP) may be accompanied by any number from 1 to 10 to indicate the lesser variations or steps in the circuit. The principal hues are understood to fall at positions indicated by the number 5, and it is conventional to omit this number in the hue notation. Any hue with a designation greater than 5 lies farther along in the above hue series (clockwise direction) while designations less than 5 indicate counter-clockwise departures from the principal hue. Thus, 9R is a yellowish red, for it departs from R (or 5R) by four hue steps in the direction of yellow-red (YR). On the other hand, 2R is a somewhat purplish red because it lies three steps in the counterclockwise direction toward RP. Numbers ranging from 0 to 10 indicate location on the value scale. Thus, value 1/ indicates a near black, 5/ indicates middle gray, and 9/ a near white. The extreme values or ideal limits, 0 and 10, are not realized in practice. Numbers ranging upward toward theoretical limits represent degrees of chroma. Upper limits in practice depend upon the availability of suitable pigments. Zero chroma means an achromatic or gray color in which hue is absent. In the complete notation of a color, the hue designation is given first, followed by a fractional form of which the numerator is the value designation and the denominator is the chroma designation. Thus, for instance, 7R 3/8 specifies a color which is predominantly red in hue with a minor yellow component, somewhat low in value, and only moderately high in chroma.

Incidentally, the spacing of the samples of nearly neutral colors on the constant-value charts of the Book of Color is intentionally wider than that suggested by the psychological color solid; this distortion is a practical expedient to provide sufficient space for the inclusion of low-chroma samples.

As early as 1935, some chromatic smoothing was accomplished by Gage and by VanArsdel. The latter’s analysis was confined to yellowish hues but showed also a connection between the Munsell samples and samples of maximum chromatic efficiency.

In the same year, the 1929 Munsell constant-value samples were plotted in three different colorimetric-coordinate systems, and five years later in a fourth system. Illustrative charts of given (5/ value) data plotted in these several systems of coordinates are presented as. The location corresponding to Munsell neutral five (N 5/) is indicated by the open circle near the center of each chart, and that corresponding to I.C.I. Illuminant C by the small triangle. Of course, the constant-hue loci are oriented differently in each chart. These trials were made with original samples, unadjusted by any visual smoothing, the object being to discover a coordinate system which would effect minimum distortion of the concentric circular spacing proper to constant chroma loci at the various Munsell value levels. Such a system would facilitate the smoothing operation, partly because a circle is easy to draw and partly because departures from a circle are easy to estimate.

The Glenn-Killian determinations for value 5/ are shown in  plotted on the I.C.I. (x, y) diagram. Decentering and elliptoid forms of distortion are obviously present and they persist in varied amounts at the other value levels. The U.C.S. (35) chart shows the spacing, if anything, to be less uniform than in the I.C.I. chart. A great improvement is evidently effected by the use of Judd’s modification of his U.C.S. system. However, the fit was nearly optimum around value 5/ shown in and there is considerable and increasing distortion toward the extreme value levels. The remaining diagram illustrates Adams’ adaptation of the I.C.I. system in which X — Y is plotted against Z— Y. This diagram yields the closest approximation to


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 And again, which is not a bad proverb, though unthrifty and unlike a Scotsman's—

And no Devonshire man, or Somerset either (and I belong to both of them), ever thinks of working harder than God likes to see him.

Nevertheless I worked hard at the gun, and by the time that I had sent all the church-roof gutters, so far as I honestly could cut them, through the red pinedoor, I began to long for a better tool that would make less noise and throw straighter. But the sheep-shearing came, and the hay-season next, and then the harvest of small corn, and the digging of the root called "batata" (a new but good thing in our neighbourhood, which our folk have made into "taties"), and then the sweating of the apples, and the turning of the cider-press, and the stacking of the fire-wood, and netting of the woodcocks, and the springles to be minded in the garden and by the hedgerows, where blackbirds hop to the molehills in the white October mornings, and grey birds come to look for snails at the time when the sun is rising.

It is wonderful how time runs away, when all these things and a great many others come in to load him down the hill and prevent him from stopping to look about. And I for my part can never conceive, how people who live in towns and cities, where neither lambs nor birds are (except in some shop-windows), nor growing corn, nor meadow-grass, nor even so much


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 the centered circularity of chroma loci expected of a uniform chromaticity-scale system, and it was given due consideration in choosing the system for the final smoothing of the data. It was rejected, however, because the neutral point changes rapidly with the value level and there would be practical difficulties in combining the determinations made at the different levels. The adapted U.C.S. system was rejected because it did not eliminate distortion, especially near black and white. The points in favor of the I.C.I. system are its standard character and wide acceptance. There is also the essential fact that like the other three systems, it does not present sharp irregularities which would be confused with those to be smoothed out of the Munsell data.

The present committee on the spacing of the Munsell colors was appointed by L. A. Jones in 1937 as a Subcommittee of the Colorimetry Committee of the Optical Society of America. The present personnel includes B. R. Bellamy, H. P. Gage, D. B. Judd, Dorothy Nickerson, W. B. VanArsdel, and S. M. Newhall.

Ratio method

The ratio method, which has been relied upon from the beginning in this survey, consists in the estimation by direct impression of the ratio of


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THE REPUBLICS OF LATIN AMERICA colonial period a jealousy of the authorities at Guatemala, while within the provinces the other towns were jealous of the authorities in their own local capitals. The government was vested in a provisional junta with Gainza as captain-general and a call was issued for elections to choose a national congress to meet on March 1, 1822. There was from the first a vital difference of opinion between two groups, the Republicans who favored the establishment of a federal republic, and the Conservatives who favored the union of Central America with the empire of Iturbide, signalized by the triumphant entry of Iturbide into Mexico City on September 27, 1821. Influenced by disturbances that broke out in Honduras and Nicaragua, the junta of Guatemala, without waiting for the assembling of the congress, on January 25, 1822, decreed the annexation of the former captaincy-general with Mexico. Throughout the country there was violent opposition to this action and a force of Mexican soldiers was needed to overcome the opposition of the Republicans in San Salvador. The provisional junta at Guatemala had dissolved itself on February 21st and Gainza exercised governmental power with the aid of a committee. In a large part of the territory, however, the act of union and the authority of Gainza were not recognized. On June 12th Vicente Filisola, the Mexican commander, superseded Gainza in charge of the government. On November 4th, the Mexican government decreed the division of the former captaincy-general into three comandancías, and Filisola marched upon San Salvador, where opposition to the union with Mexico centered. On February 9th he entered the city of San Salvador and returned to Guatemala on March 6th. Meanwhile Iturbide had been overthrown (he abdicated on March 18th) and Filisola, no longer bound to attempt the incorporation of Central America with Mexico by force, called a congress of representatives of all the provinces of Central America in execution of the plan adopted upon the declaration of independence.

This Congress assembled on June 24, 1823. On July 2d it assumed the title and role of the National Constituent Assembly, 372


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the afternoon of the 15th February a thick yellow fog had settled down on London. Rufus Van Aldin was in his suite at the Savoy and was making the most of the atmospheric conditions by working double time. Knighton was overjoyed. He had found it difficult of late to get his employer to concentrate on the matters in hand. When he had ventured to urge certain courses, Van Aldin had put him off with a curt word. But now Van Aldin seemed to be throwing himself into work with redoubled energy, and the secretary made the most of his opportunities. Always tactful, he plied the spur so unobtrusively that Van Aldin never suspected it.

Yet in the middle of this absorption in business matters, one little fact lay at the back of Van Aldin's mind. A chance remark of Knighton's, uttered by the secretary in all unconsciousness, had given rise to it. It now festered unseen, gradually reaching further and further forward into Van Aldin's consciousness, until at last, in spite of himself, he had to yield to its insistence.

He listened to what Knighton was saying with his usual air of keen attention, but in reality not one word of it penetrated his mind. He nodded automatically, however, and the secretary turned to some other paper. As he was sorting them out, his employer spoke:

"Do you mind telling me that over again, Knighton?"


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 For a moment Knighton was at a loss.

"You mean about this, sir?" He held up a closely written Company report.

"No, no," said Van Aldin; "what you told me about seeing Ruth's maid in Paris last night. I can't make it out. You must have been mistaken."

"I can't have been mistaken, sir; I actually spoke to her."

"Well, tell me the whole thing again."

Knighton complied.

"I had fixed up the deal with Bartheimers," he explained, "and had gone back to the Ritz to pick up my traps preparatory to having dinner and catching the nine o'clock train from the Gare du Nord. At the reception desk I saw a woman whom I was quite sure was Mrs. Kettering's maid. I went up to her and asked if Mrs. Kettering was staying there."

"Yes, yes," said Van Aldin. "Of course. Naturally. And she told you that Ruth had gone on to the Riviera and had sent her to the Ritz to await further orders there?"

"Exactly that, sir."

"It is very odd," said Van Aldin. "Very odd, indeed, unless the woman had been impertinent or something of that kind."

"In that case," objected Knighton, "surely Mrs. Kettering would have paid her down a sum of money, and told her to go back to England. She would hardly have sent her to the Ritz."

"No," muttered the millionaire; "that's true."

He was about to say something further, but checked himself. He was fond of Knighton and liked and trusted


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 him, but he could hardly discuss his daughter's private affairs with his secretary. He had already felt hurt by Ruth's lack of frankness, and this chance information which had come to him did nothing to allay his misgivings.

Why had Ruth got rid of her maid in Paris? What possible object or motive could she have had in so doing?

He reflected for a moment or two on the curious combination of chance. How should it have occurred to Ruth, except as the wildest coincidence, that the first person that the maid should run across in Paris should be her father's secretary? Ah, but that was the way things happened. That was the way things got found out.

He winced at the last phrase; it had arisen with complete naturalness to his mind. Was there then "something to be found out"? He hated to put this question to himself; he had no doubt of the answer. The answer was—he was sure of it—Armand de la Roche.

It was bitter to Van Aldin that a daughter of his should be gulled by such a man, yet he was forced to admit that she was in good companythat other well-bred and intelligent women had succumbed just as easily to the Count's fascination. Men saw through him, women did not.

He sought now for a phrase that would allay any suspicion that his secretary might have felt.

"Ruth is always changing her mind about things at a moment's notice," he remarked, and then he added in a would-be careless tone: "The maid didn't give any—er—reason for this change of plan?"


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 Knighton was careful to make his voice as natural as possible as he replied:

"She said, sir, that Mrs. Kettering had met a friend unexpectedly."

"Is that so?"

The secretary's practised ears caught the note of strain underlying the seemingly casual tone.

"Oh, I see. Man or woman?"

"I think she said a man, sir."

Van Aldin nodded. His worst fears were being realized. He rose from his chair, and began pacing up and down the room, a habit of his when agitated. Unable to contain his feelings any longer, he burst forth:

"There is one thing no man can do, and that is to get a woman to listen to reason. Somehow or other, they don't seem to have any kind of sense. Talk of woman's instinct—why, it is well known all the world over that a woman is the surest mark for any rascally swindler. Not one in ten of them knows a scoundrel when she meets one; they can be preyed on by any good-looking fellow with a soft side to his tongue. If I had my way"

He was interrupted. A page-boy entered with a telegram. Van Aldin tore it open, and his face went a sudden chalky white. He caught hold of the back of a chair to steady himself, and waved the page-boy from the room.

"What's the matter, sir?"

Knighton had risen in concern.

"Ruth!" said Van Aldin hoarsely.

"Mrs. Kettering?"

"Killed!"


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 CHAPTER XI

CENTRAL AMERICA AND PANAMA

The five republics of Central America, Guatemala, Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica, all date their independence from September 15, 1821. On that date a meeting of high civil, ecclesiastical, and military officials, and representatives of the towns, called by the Governor-General, Gavino Gainza, declared the complete independence of the Captaincy-General of Guatemala from Spain. Up to that time the movement for independence, which had made such progress throughout most of the other Spanish possessions in America, had failed to strike root in the captaincy-general, though there had been unsuccessful revolts in Salvador and Nicaragua in 1811 and 1812. The final impetus for the declaration of independence in Central America was given by the success of Iturbide in Mexico with his Plan of Iguala of February 24, 1821. Indeed, on September 3, 1821, the province of Chiapas, one of the most important of the provinces of the captaincy-general, had declared her independence of Spain and accepted the Plan of Iguala, thus separating herself from Central America and linking her fortune with Mexico.

Coming as it did at the very close of the revolutionary movement in the Spanish possessions in America, the declaration of independence of Guatemala represented an achievement which was in little danger of being subverted by the Spanish government. But the dissensions and jealousies within and the political conditions of the country as a whole presented difficulties more formidable than external war in the way of orderly development. The leaders in the provincial capitals carried over from the 371


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 "An accident to the train?"

Van Aldin shook his head.

"No. From this it seems she has been robbed as well. They don't use the word, Knighton, but my poor girl has been murdered."

"Oh, my God, sir!"

Van Aldin tapped the telegram with his forefinger.

"This is from the police at Nice. I must go out there by the first train."

Knighton was efficient as ever. He glanced at the clock.

"Five o'clock from Victoria, sir."

"That's right. You will come with me, Knighton. Tell my man, Archer, and pack your own things. See to everything here. I want to go round to Curzon Street."

The telephone rang sharply, and the secretary lifted the receiver.

"Yes; who is it?"

Then to Van Aldin.

"Mr. Goby, sir."

"Goby? I can't see him now. No—wait, we have plenty of time. Tell them to send him up."

Van Aldin was a strong man. Already he had recovered that iron calm of his. Few people would have noticed anything amiss in his greeting to Mr. Goby.

"I am pressed for time, Goby. Got anything important to tell me?"

Mr. Goby coughed.

"The movements of Mr. Kettering, sir. You wished them reported to you."

"Yes—well?"


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 "Mr. Kettering, sir, left London for the Riviera yesterday morning."

"What?"

Something in his voice must have startled Mr. Goby. That worthy gentleman departed from his usual practice of never looking at the person to whom he was talking, and stole a fleeting glance at the millionaire.

"What train did he go on?" demanded Van Aldin.

"The Blue Train, sir."

Mr. Goby coughed again and spoke to the clock on the mantelpiece.

"Mademoiselle Mirelle, the dancer from the Parthenon, went by the same train."


text: The Mystery of the Blue Train/Chapter 13


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Author:Herman Gerlach James

Works

 * Principles of Prussian administration (Macmillan, 1913)
 * Local government in the United States (D. Appleton and company, 1921)
 * The republics of Latin America: their history, governments and economic conditions with Percy Alvin Martin (Harper, 1924)
 * Brazil after a century of independence (The Macmillan company, 1925)

title: Author:Herman Gerlach James


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 "Is he dumb?" cried the Professor, who was rather proud of his polyglot knowledge of languages, and making the same demand in French. The boy only stared in his face.

"I must perforce try him in Italian," said my uncle, with a shrug. "Dove noi siamo?"

"Yes, tell me where we are?" I added, impatiently and eagerly.

Again the boy remained silent.

"My fine fellow, do you or do you not mean to speak?" cried my uncle, who began to get angry. He shook him and spoke another dialect of the Italian language. "Come si noma questa isola?"—what is the name of this island?

"Stromboli," replied the rickety little shepherd, dashing away from Hans and disappearing in the olive groves.

Stromboli! What effect on the imagination did these few words produce! We were in the center of the Mediterranean; amid the Eastern archipelago of mythological memory; in the ancient Strongylos, where Æolus kept the wind and the tempest chained up. And those blue mountains, which rose towards the rising of the sun, were the mountains of Calabria. And that mighty volcano which rose on the southern horizon was Etna, the fierce and celebrated Etna!

"Stromboli! Stromboli!" I repeated to myself. My uncle played a regular accompaniment to my gestures and words. We were singing together like an ancient chorus. Ah—what a journey—what a marvelous and extraordinary journey! Here we had entered the earth by one volcano, and we had come out by another. And this other was situated more than twelve hundred leagues from Sneffels, from that drear country of Iceland cast away on the confines of the earth. The wondrous chances of this expedition had transported us to the most harmonious and beautiful of earthly lands.

After a delicious repast of fruits and fresh water, we again continued our journey in order to reach the port of Stromboli. To say how we had reached the island would scarcely have been prudent. The superstitious character of the Italians would have been at work, and we should have been called demons vomited from the infernal regions. It was therefore necessary to pass for humble and unfor-


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 tunate shipwrecked travelers. It was certainly less striking and romantic, but it was decidedly safer.

As we advanced, I could hear my worthy uncle muttering to himself—"But the compass. The compass most certainly marked north. This is a fact I cannot explain in any way."

"Well, the fact is," said I, with an air of disdain, "we must not explain anything. It will be much more easy."

"I should like to see a professor of the Johanneum Institution, who is unable to explain a cosmic phenomenon—it would indeed be strange." And speaking thus; my uncle, half-naked, his leathern purse round his loins, and his spectacles upon his nose, became once more the terrible Professor of Mineralogy.

An hour after leaving the wood of olives, we reached the fort of San Vicenza, where Hans demanded the price of his thirteenth week of service. My uncle paid him, with many warm shakes of the hand.

At that moment, if he did not indeed quite share our natural emotion, he allowed his feelings so far to give way as to indulge in an extraordinary expression for him. With the tips of two fingers he gently pressed our hands and smiled.

is the final conclusion of a narrative which will be probably disbelieved even by people who are astonished at nothing. I am, however, armed at all points against human incredulity.

We were kindly received by the Strombolite fishermen, who treated us as shipwrecked travelers. They gave us clothes and food. After a delay of forty-eight hours, on the 31st of September a little vessel took us to Messina, where a few days of delightful and complete repose restored us to ourselves.

On Friday, the 4th of October, we embarked in the Volturus, one of the postal packets of the Imperial Messagerie of France; and three days later we landed at Marseilles, having no other care on our minds but that of our precious


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 but erratic compass. This inexplicable circumstance tormented me terribly. On the 9th of October, in the evening, we reached Hamburg.

What was the astonishment of Martha, what the joy of Gretchen! I will not attempt to define it. "Now, then, Harry, that you really are a hero," she said, "there is no reason why you should ever leave me again." I looked at her. She was weeping tears of joy.

I leave it to be imagined if the return of Professor Hardwigg made or did not make a sensation in Hamburg. Thanks to the indiscretion of Martha, the news of his departure for the Interior of the Earth had been spread over the whole world.

No one would believe it—and when they saw him come back in safety they believed it all the less. But the presence of Hans and many stray scraps of information by degrees modified public opinion. Then my uncle became a great man, and I the nephew of a great man; which, at all events, is something. Hamburg gave a festival in our honor. A public meeting of the Johanneum Institution was held, at which the Professor related the whole story of his adventures, omitting only the facts in connection with the compass.

That same day he deposited in the archives of the town the document he had found, written by Saknussemm, and he expressed his great regret that circumstances, stronger than his will, did not allow him to follow the Icelandic traveler's track into the very Center of the Earth. He was modest in his glory, but his reputation only increased.

So much honor necessarily created for him many envious enemies. Of course they existed, and as his theories, supported by certain facts, contradicted the system of science upon the question of central heat, he maintained his own views both with pen and speech against the learned of every country. Although I still believe in the theory of central heat, I confess that certain circumstances, hitherto very ill defined, may modify the laws of such natural phenomena.

At the moment when these questions were being discussed with interest, my uncle received a rude shock—one that he felt very much. Hans, despite everything he could say to the contrary, quitted Hamburg; the man to whom


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 "Here it is!" he cried, as soon as he had recovered the use of his speech. "Our error is now easily explained. But to what phenomenon do we owe this alteration in the needle!"

"Nothing more simple."

"Explain yourself, my boy. I am on thorns."

"During the storm, upon the Central Sea, the ball of fire which made a magnet of the iron in our raft, turned our compass topsy-turvy."

"Ah!" cried the Professor, with a loud and ringing laugh, "it was a trick of that inexplicable electricity."

From that hour my uncle was the happiest of learned men, and I the happiest of ordinary mortals. For my pretty Virland girl, abdicating her position as ward, took her place in the house in Königstrasse in the double quality of niece and wife. We need scarcely mention that her uncle was the illustrious Professor Hardwigg, corresponding member of all the scientific, geographical, mineralogical and geological societies of the five quarters of the globe.


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 we owed so much would not allow us to pay our deep debt of gratitude. He was taken with nostalgia; a love for his Icelandic home. "Farvel," said he, one day, and with this one short word of adieu, he started for Reykjawik, which he soon reached in safety.

We were deeply attached to our brave eider-duck hunter. His absence will never cause him to be forgotten by those whose lives he saved, and I hope, at some not distant day, to see him again.

To conclude, I may say that our Journey into the Interior of the Earth created an enormous sensation throughout the civilized world. It was translated and printed in many languages. All the leading journals published extracts from it, which were commentated, discussed, attacked, and supported with equal animation by those who believed in its episodes, and by those who were utterly incredulous. Wonderful! My uncle enjoyed during his lifetime all the glory he deserved; and he was even offered a large sum of money, by Mr. Barnum, to exhibit himself in the United States; while I am credibly informed by a traveler that he is to be seen in waxwork at Madame Tussaud's!

But one care preyed upon his mind, a care which rendered him very unhappy. One fact remained inexplicable—that of the compass. For a learned man to be baffled by such an inexplicable phenomenon was very aggravating. But heaven was merciful, and in the end my uncle was happy. One day, while he put some minerals belonging to his collection in order, I fell upon the famous compass and examined it keenly. For six months it had lain unnoticed and untouched. I looked at it with curiosity, which soon became surprise. I gave a loud cry. The Professor, who was at hand, soon joined me.

"What is the matter?" he cried.

"The compass!"

"What then?"

"Why, its needle points to the south and not to the north."

"My dear boy, you must be dreaming."

"I am not dreaming. See the poles are changed."

"Changed!"

My uncle put on his spectacles, examined the instrument, and leaped with joy, shaking the whole house. A clear light fell upon our minds.


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 On the 5th of February the Forward was ready, and made a successful launch in the presence of an immense crowd of spectators.

The day after the launch, the engine arrived from Newcastle, from the works of Messrs. Hawthorn. This engine, of 120-horsepower, and provided with oscillating cylinders, was of considerable size for a brig of 170 tons, but did not take up much room. As soon as it was placed on board, the work of provisioning began, and no easy matter it was to stow away food for six years. The stores consisted principally of salted and smoked meat, dried fish, biscuit and flour, mountains of coffee and tea were thrown into the hold in a perfect avalanche. Richard Shandon superintended personally the storage of this precious cargo, arranging it like a man who understood his business. Everything was numbered and labeled and disposed in the most orderly manner. A large quantity of pemmican was also taken on board, an Indian preparation, which contains much nourishment in small bulk.

The nature of the provisions left no doubt as to the length of the cruise; and to an observing eye, there was none as to the ship's destination, at the sight of those barrels of lime-juice, and lumps of chalk, and packets of mustard, and sorrel, and cochlearia seed; in other words, the abundance of anti-scorbutic preparations proved that the Forward was bound for the Polar Seas. Shandon had no doubt received special orders about this part of the cargo, for he paid studious attention to it, and also fitted up the medicine chest with the most scrupulous care.

The stock of firearms was not great, a reassuring fact to timid people, but on the other hand, the powder-magazine was full to overflowing. What was it intended for? There was far more than one solitary cannon could possibly use. Then there were also enormous saws, and other powerful instruments, such as levers, hand-saws, heaps of bullets, immense hatchets, not to speak of a goodly number of blasting cylinders, the explosion of which would have blown the Custom House at Liverpool into the air. It was all very strange, if not alarming, even without taking into account the fusees, and signals, and fireworks of all descriptions.

The boats too were objects of great curiosity to the gap-


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 Bell and the Doctor came up that same instant, and found the captain overwhelmed with despair. But suddenly he roused himself, and said, in a strong, cheery voice: "Friends! the cowards have fled! Fortune favors the brave. Johnson and Bell, you have courage; Doctor you have science; I have faith. Yonder is the North Pole. Let's begin again."

Such manly, courageous words put new life into the hearts of his companions, and yet their situation was indeed terrible to contemplate. Four men, and one of them dying, forsaken and left to perish without resources in the very heart of the Polar regions.


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 insensibility, and sometimes the Doctor despaired, till unremitting care again revived the flickering spark of life.

Hatteras thought night and day of his brig, and full of anxious forebodings and questionings as to the state in which he might find her, he hurried impatiently forward, always in advance of the others.

On the 24th of February, in the early morning, he came to a sudden stop.

About three hundred paces distant he saw a bright red glare, from which an immense volume of black smoke rose up towards the sky.

"Look at that smoke!" he shouted. His heart beat violently, and again he shouted to his companions:

"Look! Down there! All that smoke! My ship is on fire."

"It can't be the Forward," said Bell. "We are more than three miles away."

"Yes, it is," replied the Doctor. "It is the mirage which makes her seem so near us."

"Let us run," said Hatteras, rushing forward. His companions followed with what speed they could, leaving Duk to guard the sledge.

An hour afterwards and they came in sight of the vessel. It was a terrible spectacle! The ship was blazing in the midst of the icebergs which surrounded her. Flames enveloped the keel, and Hatteras could catch the sound of her cracking timbers. A few paces distant a man was seen, flinging up his arms wildly, and gazing in mute despair.

This solitary man was old Johnson. Hatteras ran towards him, exclamining in broken tones: "My ship! my ship!"

"You, captain! Is it you?" cried Johnson. "Stop! Not a step farther!"

"Tell me," said Hatteras, with a terrible look on his face.

"The villains!" replied Johnson. They set the ship on fire and started off, forty-eight hours ago!"

"Curse them!" said Hatteras fiercely.

Just then a tremendous explosion was heard which shook the whole region, and laid the icebergs flat on the ice. The flames had reached the gunpowder and blown the ship to atoms. For a minute there was a dense cloud of smoke, and then the Forward disappeared in a gulf of fire.


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'''112  But Moses called out to them; so Aaron and all the leaders of the congregation returned to him, and Moses spoke to them. And after this all the Israelites came near, and Moses commanded them to do everything that the LORD had told him on Mount Sinai.

When Moses had finished speaking with them, he put a veil over his face. But whenever Moses went in before the LORD to speak with Him, he would remove the veil until he came out. And when he came out, he would tell the Israelites what he had been commanded, and the Israelites would see that the face of Moses was radiant. So Moses would put the veil back over his face until he went in to speak with the LORD. The Sabbath

Then Moses assembled the whole congregation of Israel and said to them, “These are the things that the LORD has commanded you to do: For six days work may be done, but the seventh day shall be your holy day, a Sabbath of complete rest to the LORD. Whoever does any work on that day must be put to death. Do not light a fire in any of your dwellings on the Sabbath day.”

Offerings for the Tabernacle (Exodus 25:1–9)

Moses also told the whole congregation of Israel, “This is what the LORD has commanded: Take from among you an offering to the LORD. Let everyone whose heart is willing bring an offering to the LORD:

The Skilled Craftsmen

Let every skilled craftsman among you come and make everything that the LORD has commanded:


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 ing crowd that hung about the New Prince's Docks. There was a canoe made of tinned iron, covered with gutta-percha, a long mahogany whaling-boat, and a number of halkett-boats or india-rubber cloaks, which could be converted into canoes by inflating the lining.

The Forward was certainly altogether a most mysterious, puzzling vessel, and people grew quite excited about her, now that the hour for sailing had come.

months prior to the time when our story commences, Richard Shandon had received the following letter:

", Aug. 2nd, 1859.

"Sir,—This letter is to inform you that a sum of £16,000 sterling has been placed in the hands of Messrs. Marcuart & Co., bankers, Liverpool. I also enclose checks signed by me, which you can draw on the said bankers up to the above-mentioned amount.

"You do not know me. It matters not. I know you. That is the most important thing.

"I offer you the place of chief officer on board the brig Forward, bound for an expedition which may be long and perilous.

"If you refuse, that is all about it; if you accept, your salary will be £500, to be raised one-tenth each year you are away.

"The brig Forward has at present no existence. You will have to get her built, and ready to go to sea by the beginning of April at the latest.

"I subjoin a detailed plan and a draft, to which you will scrupulously adhere. The ship is to be constructed by Messrs. Scott & Co., who will arrange matters with you.

"I beg you will pay special attention to the selection of the crew of the Forward. This will consist of the captain, myself, the chief officer, yourself, a second mate, a boatswain, two engineers, an ice-master, eight sailors, and two stokers—eighteen men altogether, including Dr. Claw-


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 bonny, of your city, who will introduce himself to you at the right time.

"It is necessary that all the men chosen for the expedition of the Forward shall be English, unencumbered by family ties, unmarried, sober, as neither beer nor spirits are allowed on board, and ready for any enterprise and any suffering. Give the preference to those of sanguine temperament, who possess a great amount of animal heat.

"You will offer them five times as much as the ordinary wages, with an increase of one-tenth each year of service. At the close of the expedition £500 is guaranteed to each man and £2,000 to yourself. These deposits will be left with Messrs. Marcuart & Co., the aforesaid bankers.

"The campaign will be long and arduous, but honorable. You need have no hesitation about it, Mr. Shandon. Reply to me by letter, addressed to K. Z., Poste restante, Gotteborg, Sweden.

"P. S.—On the 15th of February next you will be forwarded a large Danish stag-hound with loose hanging lips, very dark in color, and striped with black. You will take him on board, and order him to be fed with barley bread mixed with boiled greaves. You will notify his safe arrival to me at Leghorn, Italy, addressed to the same initials.

"The captain of the Forward will present himself, and make himself known when he is required. You will receive further instructions just before you sail.

"K. Z., Captain of the Forward.

"To Mr. Richard Shandon, Liverpool."

was a good sailor and a man of established reputation. He had been in command of whalers for years, and was familiar with the Arctic Seas. A letter like the foregoing did not consequently astonish him so much as might have been expected. Astonished he certainly was, but in a cool, composed sort of fashion, like a man who has received similar communications before. He was in a position, too, to meet the required conditions. He had neither wife, nor child, nor relatives; he


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'''Exodus 36:7 The People Offer Gifts

Then the whole congregation of Israel withdrew from the presence of Moses. And everyone whose heart stirred him and whose spirit prompted him came and brought an offering to the LORD for the work on the Tent of Meeting, for all its services, and for the holy garments.

So all who had willing hearts, both men and women, came and brought brooches and earrings, rings and necklaces, and all kinds of gold jewelry. And they all presented their gold as a wave offering to the LORD.

Everyone who had blue, purple, or scarlet yarn, or fine linen, goat hair, ram skins dyed red, or articles of fine leather, brought them. And all who could present an offering of silver or bronze brought it as a contribution to the LORD. Also, everyone who had acacia wood for any part of the service brought it.

Every skilled woman spun with her hands and brought what she had spun: blue, purple, or scarlet yarn, or fine linen. And all the skilled women whose hearts were stirred spun the goat hair.

The leaders brought onyx stones and gemstones to mount on the ephod and breastpiece, as well as spices and olive oil for the light, for the anointing oil, and for the fragrant incense.

So all the men and women of the Israelites whose hearts prompted them brought a freewill offering to the LORD for all the work that the LORD through Moses had commanded them to do.

Bezalel and Oholiab (Exodus 31:1–11)

Then Moses said to the Israelites, “See, the LORD has called by name Bezalel son of Uri, the son of Hur, of the tribe of Judah. And He has filled him with the Spirit of God, with skill, ability, and knowledge in all kinds of craftsmanship, to design artistic works in gold, silver, and bronze, to cut gemstones for settings, and to carve wood, so that he may be a master of every artistic craft.

And the LORD has given both him and Oholiab son of Ahisamach, of the tribe of Dan, the ability to teach others. He has filled them with skill to do all kinds of work as engravers, designers, embroiderers in blue, purple, and scarlet yarn and fine linen, and as weavers—as artistic designers of every kind of craft. The People Bring More than Enough

“So Bezalel, Oholiab, and every skilled person are to carry out everything commanded by the LORD, who has given them skill and ability to know how to perform all the work of constructing the sanctuary.”

Then Moses summoned Bezalel, Oholiab, and every skilled person whom the LORD had gifted—everyone whose heart stirred him to come and do the work. They received from Moses all the contributions that the Israelites had brought to carry out the service of constructing the sanctuary.

Meanwhile, the people continued to bring freewill offerings morning after morning, so that all the skilled craftsmen who were doing all the work on the sanctuary left their work and said to Moses, “The people are bringing more than enough for doing the work the LORD has commanded us to do.”

After Moses had given an order, they sent a proclamation throughout the camp: “No man or woman should make anything else as an offering for the sanctuary.” So the people were restrained from bringing more, since what they already had was more than enough to perform all the work.


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 was free, in all respects. So having no one to consult, he went straight off to the bankers, Messrs. Marcuart & Co., for "if the money is there," he said to himself, "the rest is all right."

The money was there sure enough, for Shandon was received by the firm with all respect due to a man who has £16,000 quietly waiting for him in their strong chest; so without loss of time he called for pen and ink, and wrote a letter in a large sailor-like hand, to the address given, signifying his acceptance of the offered trust.

That very same day he put himself in communication with the shipbuilders at Birkenhead, and twenty-four hours after, the keel of the Forward was planted on the stocks in their building-yard.

Richard Shandon was about forty years of age, a robust, brave, energetic fellow—three qualifications necessary to a sailor, for they impart self-reliance, vigor, and sangfroid. He got the character of being jealous and difficult to get on with, one who had made his men fear him, but never gained their love. This did not interfere, however, with his getting a crew, for he was too well known as a skillful leader to have any trouble in finding men to follow him.

Shandon was rather afraid, though, that the mysterious nature of the enterprise would cripple his movements, and determined to noise it abroad as little as possible. "That's my best plan," he said to himself, "for those old ferrets would be down on me, who must know the why and the wherefore of everything, and as I am quite ignorant myself, I should be rather at a loss for an answer. This K. Z. is a queer old fellow, and no mistake, but, after all, what does that matter? He knows me, and reckons on me, and that is enough. As to the ship, she will turn out a beauty, and my name is not Richard Shandon, if she is not meant for the frozen seas. But I'll keep that secret to myself and my officers."

Shandon's next business was to pick out his men in accordance with the rules laid down by the captain. He knew a fine active young fellow, called Wall, who was thirty years of age, a capital sailor, and who had been more than one voyage to the North Seas. He offered him the post of second mate, and James Wall accepted it blindfold, for all he cared for was being on the ocean, and the des-


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 whom the nobleman would have waged battle; the horseman, however, dragged him up upon his horse and rode with him into the court-yard, while the soldier chased the servant down the mountain. The nobleman was never more seen.

The following story was related by a soldier, to whose grandfather it happened. His grandfather, it appears, had gone to the forest to cut wood, accompanied by another old man, and by a third person, which third person was always looked upon with a suspicion that all was not quite with him as it ought to be; yet no one knew, of a certainty, ought that could be told against him.

After they had all there been at work for some time, and were growing weary, this third one asked, whether they should not take a short sleep to refresh themselves. Upon this suggestion, they all three threw themselves on the grass that they might sleep; but the soldier’s grandfather only pretended to sleep, and kept his eyes a little open. As soon as the third person had looked well-about him, to see whether his companions were asleep, and had convinced


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 tination mattered little. Shandon told him the whole story, however, from beginning to end, both to him and to a sailor named Johnson, whom he chose as boatswain.

"Not much luck to be had there," said James Wall; "But still perhaps as much there as anywhere else. Even if it is to find the North-West passage, people come back alive, right enough."

"Not always," said Johnson; "but that's no reason for not going."

"Besides, supposing we are right in our conjectures," added Shandon, "we must allow we could hardly make a voyage under more favorable circumstances. The Forward will be a first-rate ship, and her steam-engine will be a great help. All we want is eighteen men."

"Eighteen men?" replied Johnson; "that is the same number the American Dr. Kane had on board when he made his famous journey towards the Pole."

"It is singular enough, certainly," said Wall, "what can induce a private individual to cross the sea again, from Davis's Straits to Behring's Straits. The Franklin Expeditions have cost England more than £760,000, without producing any practical result. Who can be fool enough to throw away his own fortune into the bargain like this?"

"Don't forget, James, though," replied Shandon, "that we are reasoning on a mere supposition. Whether we are actually going to the North or the South Seas, I know no more than you. Perhaps, indeed, it is on some new quest altogether. Moreover, there is a Dr. Clawbonny to make his appearance some of these days, who will no doubt be commissioned to give us fuller information. We shall see all in good time."

"Ay! we must just wait," said Johnson, "And, meantime, I am going to make it my business to look after right men to go with us; and as to their having plenty of animal heat in them, I'll guarantee that before hand. You may safely leave that to me."

This Johnson was a valuable man, well acquainted with the northern latitudes. He had been quartermaster on board the Phoenix, one of the vessels despatched in search of Franklin in 1853. The brave fellow had accompanied Lieutenant Bellot in his journey across the ice, and been


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 eye-witness of his death. Johnson knew the whole seafaring population of Liverpool, and set to work immediately to select his crew

He was so effectually aided by Shandon and Wall, that by the beginning of December the number was complete. But the task had not been easy; many had been attracted by the tempting pay offer, but had not courage to risk the unknown expedition, while more than one who had bravely pledged himself to go, came and retracted his word and gave back his advance note, having been dissuaded by his friends from so hazardous an undertaking. All, of course, wished to penetrate the mystery, and so pressed Shandon with questions that he was obliged to refer them to Johnson, who gave the same unvarying answers to each.

"What is it you want me to tell you, old boy?" he would say. "I know no more than you do. Anyhow, you'll be in good company, with jolly fellows who know what they're about. That's something, isn't it? So be quick and make up your mind—take it or leave it!"

Sometimes he would add, "My only difficulty is which to choose, for such high wages as you are offered you will find plenty to jump at them. Not a man among you ever heard of such pay being given before."

"Well, it certainly is a great temptation; we should get enough to live on all the rest of our days," said the sailors.

"I don't conceal from you," continued Johnson, "that the expedition will be a long one, and full of hardship and danger. That is formally told us in our instructions, so let us have a clear understanding, that each man may know what he undertakes; he commits himself, in all probability to attempt all that is, humanly speaking, possible, and perhaps even more. If you haven't a brave heart, then, and an iron constitution, or if you can't look the certainty in the face that there are twenty chances to one against your ever returning, you had better be off, and leave the berth for somebody less chicken-hearted."

"But at least tell us who the captain is," was the rejoinder.

"The captain is Richard Shandon, his friend, till he introduces you another."


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 himself that they were so, he threw off a girdle which he wore, and became a Wehr-wolf; yet such Wehr-wolf does not look exactly like an ordinary wolf, but something different. No sooner had he, after thus transforming himself, fled to a neighbouring meadow in which a young colt was grazing, than he seized upon it and instantly devoured it, hair, skin, and all.

After this he hastened back again, put on once more his girdle, and stood as before in his human form, After a little while, when they all stood up together, they went there way home towards the city, and as they passed by the city gate, this same man complained bitterly of a pain in his inside. Upon this, he who had watched him, whispered secretly in his ear, ‘That I can easily believe; if a man crams a horse, with his hair, skin, and all into his stomach.’ To this the other replied, ‘Hadst thou only said this to me when we were in the forest, thou shouldst never have said it more.’

A woman had assumed the shape of a Wehr-wolf, and had in this manner fallen upon the herds of a shepherd whom she hated, and thus infficted on him grievous injuries. The shepherd, however, succeeded in wounding her, by an arrow-shot in the haunch, so that it crept into a bush. Thither the shepherd proceeded, fully expecting that he would now completely overpower the ravager, but he there found a woman busily employed in staunching, with a piece of her garment, the blood which was streaming from the wound.

.—This further extract from ’s Deutsche Sagen, Band 1. s. 293—294, is a proof of the existence among the superstitions of Germany, of a popular belief in the existence of the Wehr-wolf,


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 Now, to speak the truth, Richard thought this himself, and quietly indulged the hope that, at the last moment, he would receive definite instructions about the voyage, and have entire command placed in his hands.

Shandon and Johnson had implicity obeyed the injunctions given for choosing the crew. They were all fresh and florid looking, full of energy and pluck, and having caloric enough in them to heat the engine almost; in fact, the very men to stand extreme cold. In outward appearance, certainly, they were not all equally strong; and two or three among them, especially two sailors called Gripper and Garry, and Simpson the harpooner, Shandon almost hesitated to take, for they belonged to "Pharaoh's lean kine," but they were well-built, and their circulation was good, so their names were entered.

The whole crew were Protestants, belonging to the same religious denomination. It was a matter of some importance that the men should think alike, as far as creed was concerned, to prevent party strife; for it has been always found in long voyages that assembling the men for reading the Scriptures and common prayer is a powerful means of promoting harmony, and of cheering them in hours of despondency. Shandon knew by experience the excellent moral effect of such practices, as they are invariably adopted on board all vessels that winter in Arctic regions.

The next business of Shandon and his officers was the provisioning of the ship. In doing this they strictly followed the instructions of the captain—instructions so clear, precise, and minute, that the quantity and quality were given of even the smallest article. Ready money was paid for everything, and a discount of eight per cent, received, which Richard carefully put to the credit of K. Z.

Crew, provisions, and cargo were all ready by January, 1860. The Forward was rapidly assuming proportions, and Shandon never let a day pass without a visit to Birkenhead, to see how things went on. On the 23rd of that same month, he was going across as usual in one of the large steamers that ferry passengers over the Mersey. It was one of those foggy mornings when you can scarcely see your hand before you; but, in spite of the obscurity, Shandon could make out the figure of some stranger advancing


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 towards him, and as he got nearer, saw it was a little stout man, with a bright jovial face and kindly eye, who came up, and seizing both his hands, shook them so heartily in his own, in such an impulsive, familiar, free-and-easy style, that a Frenchman would have said he came from the sunny south.

But though the new comer was not a Southerner, he made a narrow escape of it, for he was full of talk and gesticulation, and seemed as if he would explode unless he came out with all he thought. His small intellectual eyes and large mobile mouth were safety-valves to let out the steam, and he talked and talked so incessantly that Shandon was fairly overpowered. He made a shrewd guess, however, who this voluble little man was, and, taking advantage of a momentary pause, managed to say, "Doctor Clawbonny, I presume?"

"Himself in person, my good sir. Here I have been seeking you for a whole quarter of an hour, and asking everybody for you everywhere. Only imagine my impatience! Five minutes more, and I should have lost my wits. It is really then Richard Shandon I see. You actually exist? you're not a myth? Your hand, your hand, that I may grasp it in mine. Yes, it is a genuine flesh and blood hand, and there is a veritable Richard Shandon. Well, come, if there's a chief officer, there must be a brig called the Forward that he commands; and if he commands she is going to sail, and if she's going to sail she will take Dr. Clawbonny on board."

"Yes, Doctor, surely. There is a brig called the Forward, and she is going to sail, and I am Richard Shandon."

"That's logic," said the Doctor, drawing a long breath, "that's logic, and I am overjoyed to hear it, for now I have reached the summit of my ambition. I have waited long, and wished to go a voyage; and now with you to command"

"Allow me," interrupted Shandon.

But Clawbonny took no notice, and went on, "With you; we are sure of pushing onward, and never yielding an inch of our ground."

"But, sir," began Shandon again.

"You are a tried man, sir; you have seen service. You have a right to be proud."