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 14 well, mother—I would’nt for worlds divert Philip's mind from his studies,” but dutiful as she was, she could not overcome the growing dislike which from that morning she felt for Squire Stewart.

Vacation came, and with ita litle note for Elsie. She cried with disappointment es she tead it. Week after week had she counted the days—the very hours and now to find that five more months must be numbered before they could meet, was too mach to bear patiently.

Poor Elsie! no wonder that she sobbed so griov- ously No wonder that ske thought him strangely changed to prefer travelling with hie father to wan- dering with her through their favorite wood paths.

But spring flitted onward, and summer came and departed, end beautiful automa rested upon ber for taken couch. Then beneath tho shadows of the eame old oak, Philip and Elsie again set, but how much ‘of change bad that one little yenr wrought. Elsie, Aelicate form was like the lily bud with snowy petals, just expanding. The auburn bair, which before had haag unconfined in wavy curls, was aow of a gicesier and a darker hos, and wes banded plainly ovor the forehead, and twisted simply around ber mall but beautifully shaped bead. And. Philip, he was changed, A deeper, steadier tight burned in the clear depths of his dark eyes, and his proud lips curved with & Daughty amite as he recounted the incidents of his ‘year of trial to his listening companion.

“Thank heaven, Iam a Freshman ao longer,” ho said, and Elsie thought to herself what a fine thing it must be to be a Sophomore, as Philip had pictured Sophomore’s life so glawingly.

‘Ah! those happy four weelss, how soon they were numbered with the past, and again Elaie sat lonely and sad over her studies in her father's library, and Philip returned full of hope and happiness, for now he was, indeed, a Sophomore,

‘When April came, Elsie’s heart was too full of ansisty to grieve that Philip has gone {o « Southern city to pass bis vacation with a classmate.

‘Anxiety for the life of « father whom she had well nigh worshipped from her infancy, and whose gray bairs were dearer to her than tbe untold weslth of princes. But when had love the power to save its cherished objecta from the grave? Alus! never—and 20 Elsie stood beaide her dying father’s couch, and pear ‘Mrs, Gray knelt praying wildiy amidet her stifled sobs.

One moment of intense stiliness followed by a quick, genping moan—e low, trembling voice, saying, ‘God bless you, and be with you, my derlings,” and the spirit of the devoted husband, the loving father and the faithful partor excaped from its fetters of clay.

‘Ah! there was deep and bitter mourbing within thore walls that night; but the morning sun shone ‘upon two tranquil and placid brows, for the struggling spirits had been subdued with the fret wild gush of grief, nnd humbly and fervently bed they repeated the ‘words of the Saviour, “Thy will, not mine, be done,”

Days pasted, and slowly from the old church tower rang ont the funerat knelt. They hore bis coffin re- verently and carefully up the broad aisle, where Sabbath after Sabbath, for well nigh @ quarter of a

contary, he hed passed in the strength of his manhood. ‘They rested it beside tho altar, where one short moath before he had brokea the breed, and consecrated the wine of the communion, and as the villagers pressed ‘sround, many @ choking sob and moaa of sorrow ‘echoed through the aisles. One by one they passed to their seats, and Mrs. Gray aud Elsie stood beside, to take their Inst look. The face of the widow was mournfully sweet, as she bent fondly over the elay, ‘and pressed her pertiog kiss upon the marble lips of the departed; but Elsie's was 2s pallid as ihe fonn defors her, and her compressed lips and glazed eyes told—oh! how plainly—ihat her crushed spirit was writhing and-siraggling within ker. The voice of prayer went up in faltering tones from their mids, ‘and then again they pasted from the church, and wound slowly atong the little path thal led to the burial-ground, The coflin was lowered in the new- made grave, and old Deacon Walters came forward ‘with tearful eyes, and the widow and the orphan. resting upon his arms, stepped to the brink, and glanced’ downward. Largs scalding tears chased each other down the widow's face as the tumed ‘away, end a half-stifled groan escaped from her ewell- ing bosom. Elsie was motionless, aod almost rigid, and the good deacon was obliged to draw her gently from the spot: but when the earth felt ratilingly upon the lid, she sprang wildly forward—a gasping ery—a terrible shriek, “My father! oh, my father!” and abe fell heavily upon the pile of earth.

‘Long, very long to the anxious mother did poor Elsie remain io this death-like stats, and when bec ‘eyes opened laoguidly and slowly, they rested upon the vines which were twined acrom her chamber window.

“Ob! lam at home,” she said: “1 bad such a hor- rible dream, dear mother—oh! Tam ao glad I am with you egain,” and exhausted with the effort of speak- ing, abe closed ber eyes and fell into a gentle sleep, while her motber bent over her, watching every breath anxiously, and murmuring from time to time, in a low voice, a fervent prayer,

It was the middle of June—the month of rosee— and softly through the latticed windows of the pare sonage stole the sweet breath of the pure jessmine, the clustering setingo, and the wreathing honey- avfkle. Elsie wae busily employed in fusing a bone bazine to her mother’s wasting form, for now they had poverty as well as affliction to battle with. The small salary of four hundred doliare, which Mc. Gray bad received, had ceased the very moment of bie death, and even the last quarterly payment of this had not been made, As economically as they bd always lived, Mr. Gray had found it impossible to to lay aside any of bis salary et the end of the year, for he had-entertained all the ministers, missionaries and lecturers, whose business had led them Larough the village.

“See, mother, how nicely—how beautifully it fits," said Elsie, as she fastened the last hook of the sombre dress.

“It does, indeed, my dear, and how thankful we ought to de that you are able tudo i.” replied her mother.

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Page:Giuseppe Bianchini - The Work of the Fascist Government and the Economic Reconstruction of Italy - tr. Luigi Villari.pdf/13

 Then, as there was no reason why, if the peasants are given the land, the workmen should not own the factories, the tenants the houses, public servants the various public undertakings with which they are connected, and so on, these other proposals came up for discussion and were more or less put into practise, although it was evident that such a movement was bound to result in that disatrous suspension of economic life of which Russia had already provided a tangible demonstration.

Thus we have had proposals embodied in Parliamentary bills and actually voted by municipal councils, whereby all increases of rent should be paid into the State or the municipal treasury, in order that houses might be built which would be collective property and reserved for the proletariat. A resolution in this sense was, for instance, submitted to the Rome Municpal Council in April 1921, and reported in the press not as a preposterous fallacy to be uncompromisingly rejected, but as a serious proposal, almost savouring of genius. You will likewise remember what was said at the time about the «railways to the railwaymen»; only at a certain

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 dying people with their last breath threatening to return as spirits to revenge themselves upon their living enemies. He could not tell me if there was any duration set upon the existence as spirits of these human souls, but two Congo Français natives, of different tribes, Benga and Igalwa, told me that when a family had quite died out, after a time its spirits died too. Some, but by no means all, of these spirits of human origin, as is the case among the negro Effiks, undergo reincarnation. The Doctor told me he once knew a man whose plantations were devastated by an elephant. He advised that the beast should be shot, but the man said he dare not because the spirit of his dead father had passed into the elephant.

Their number is infinite and their powers as varied as human imagination can make them; classifying them is therefore a difficult work, but Doctor Nassau thinks this may be done fairly completely into:—

I. Human disembodied spirits—Manu.

2. Vague beings, well described by our word ghosts: Abambo.

3. Beings something like dryads, who resent intrusion into their territory, on to their rock, past their promontory, or tree. When passing the residence of one of these beings, the traveller must go by silently, or with some cabalistic invocation, with bowed or bared head, and deposit some symbol of an offering or tribute even if it be only a pebble. You occasionally come across great trees that have fallen across a path that have quite little heaps of pebbles, small shells, &c., upon them deposited by previous passers-by. This class is called Ombwiri.

4. Beings who are the agents in causing sickness, and either aid or hinder human plans—Mionde.

5. There seems to be, the Doctor says, another class of spirits somewhat akin to the ancient Lares and Penates, who especially belong to the household, and descend by inheritance with the family. In their honour are secretly kept a bundle of finger, or other bones, nail-clippings, eyes, brains, &c., accumulated from deceased members of successive generations.


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 E.

(1) Introduction

149. The circumstances of the FCDO Complaint are such that very few details can be included in the report without involving a breach of confidentiality.

150. The FCDO Complaint is concerned with interactions between the DPM and civil servants. The DPM was Secretary of State for the FCO (subsequently FCDO) between 24 July 2019 and 15 September 2021 (the "FCDO Period").

(2) Findings of fact

151. The FCDO Complaint was submitted on 15 November 2022. Although it concerns events during the FCDO Period, its level of specificity was sufficient to enable the DPM to deal with it fairly. It would have been possible to have made the complaint earlier, although the individual in question was encouraged by line management not to pursue the matter at the time of the events. The investigation in relation to the FCDO Complaint has not been affected in any way by media reporting.

152. The DPM exercised his executive judgment in a particular way, which he was entitled to do as a form of legitimate management choice. The DPM had formed an adverse view as to the way in which civil servants had acted in relation to an ongoing work project. For the purpose of analysis in this report, I have assumed (without so concluding) that the DPM was entitled to form an adverse view, although I should also record that even on this premise there were no grounds for disciplinary action. However, as part of the process towards and implementation of this management choice he acted in a way which was intimidating, in the sense of unreasonably and persistently aggressive in the context of a workplace meeting. His conduct also involved an abuse or misuse of power in a way that undermines or humiliates. In particular, he went beyond what was reasonably necessary in order to give effect to his decision and introduced a punitive element. His conduct was bound to be experienced as undermining or humiliating by the affected individual, and it was so experienced. I infer that the DPM must have been aware of this effect; at the very least, he ought reasonably to have been so aware.

153. In addition, on a separate but closely related occasion concerned with the same subject-matter, the DPM referred to the Civil Service Code in a way which could reasonably


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 have been understood as suggesting that those involved had acted in breach of the Civil Service Code (and so would have been in breach of their contracts of employment). This had a significant adverse effect on a particular individual (a different person from the individual who made the FCDO Complaint), who took it seriously. The DPM's conduct was a form of intimidating behaviour, in the sense of conveying a threat of unspecified disciplinary action. He did not target any individual, nor intend to threaten anyone with disciplinary action. However, he ought to have realised that referring in this way to the Civil Service Code could have been understood as such a threat.

154. After this (second) occasion, Sir Philip Barton told the DPM in a private and informal meeting that he should not threaten officials with reference to the Civil Service Code. The DPM disputed that any such conversation had occurred. The discussion was not minuted or otherwise recorded. On this point, I prefer the evidence of Sir Philip. He had no reason to make up such a conversation with a view to protecting himself; the FCDO Complaint has not been made public. Nor was Sir Philip acting as though he were the DPM's employer or manager.

155. I also find that neither Sir Philip, nor anyone else, used the word 'bullying' or anything similar in communication with the DPM.

156. In so far as may be relevant, there are some findings of fact which could be taken into account as potential mitigating (but not justifying) circumstances in respect of the DPM's conduct:

 * (1) His belief in the correctness of his view of events is genuinely held.

 * (2) There was or could reasonably be thought to have been an element of provocation, in the sense that others underestimated the extent to which the DPM wished to be involved in the detail of decision-making.

 * (3) The events in question took place a considerable time before the FCDO Complaint was made.

 * (4) The FCDO Complaints related only to part of the FCDO Period.


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 F.

(1) Introduction

157. Only a limited amount of information can be included in the report in respect of my findings about the MoJ Complaints because confidential information about individuals would otherwise be made public in breach of confidence.

158. The MoJ Complaints are concerned with interactions between the DPM and civil servants, some working in private office and others as policy officials. The MoJ Complaints concern the first period of the DPM's appointment as Secretary of State for Justice and Lord Chancellor, from 15 September 2021 to 6 September 2022 (the "MoJ Period").

159. It is necessary to explain separately certain of the material facts about each of the MoJ Group Complaint and the MoJ Additional Complaints. I then set out my findings relevant to the MoJ Complaints.

(2) The MoJ Group Complaint

160. The MoJ Group Complaint was prepared by a group of non-SCS policy officials and is signed collectively. It was the product of discussions within an informal network of civil servants whose number is uncertain. For the purpose of the investigation, nine individuals identified themselves as parties to the MoJ Group Complaint.

161. Only some of those individuals had any direct experience of the DPM; some had never met him at all but were seeking to support their colleagues. Each individual was entirely open about what they could or could not say. The substantive content of the MoJ Group Complaint is therefore limited but it paved the way for the MoJ Additional Complaints and so too, albeit indirectly, the FCDO Complaint and the DExEU Complaint.

162. The MoJ Group Complaint was originally submitted internally within MoJ in March 2022. It was then not regarded as reaching the threshold for escalation. The MoJ took certain internal steps in response.

163. On 15 November 2022 the MoJ Group Complaint was resubmitted on the express basis that it should be treated as a formal complaint. Its content was the same as it had been in March 2022, although the circumstances surrounding the MoJ Group Complaint were then materially different.


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 Dr. Nassau says "secretly," and he refers to this custom being existent in non-cannibal tribes. I saw bundles of this character among the cannibal Fans, and among the non-cannibal Adooma, openly hanging up in the thatch of the sleeping apartment.

6. He also says there may be a sixth class, which may, however only be a function of any of the other classes—namely, those that enter into any animal body, generally a leopard. Sometimes the spirits of living human beings do this, and the animal is then guided by human intelligence, and will exercise its strength for the purposes of its temporary human possessor. In other cases it is a non-human soul that enters into the animal, as in the case of Ukuku.

Spirits are not easily classified by their functions because those of different class may be employed in identical undertakings. Thus one witch doctor may have, I find, particular influence over one class of spirit and another over another class; yet they will both engage to do identical work. But in spite of this I do not see how you can classify spirits otherwise than by their functions; you cannot weigh and measure them, and it is only a few that show themselves in corporeal form.

There are characteristics that all the authorities seem agreed on, and one is that individual spirits in the same class vary in power: some are strong of their sort, some weak.

They are all to a certain extent limited in the nature of their power; there is no one spirit that can do all things; their efficiency only runs in certain lines of action and all of them are capable of being influenced, and made subservient to human wishes, by proper incantations. This latter characteristic is of course to human advantage, but it has its disadvantages, for you can never really trust a spirit, even if you have paid a considerable sum to a most distinguished medicine man to get a powerful one put up in a ju-ju, or monde, as it is called in several tribes.

The method of making these charms is much the same among Bantu and Negroes. I have elsewhere described the


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 (3) The MoJ Additional Complaints

164. All of the MoJ Additional Complaints were submitted in the period between 25 November 2022 and 13 December 2022, after the announcement of the investigation and its extension to include the DExEU Complaint.

165. There are five MoJ Additional Complaints. Some were submitted by senior (SCS level) policy officials and others by private office officials, both SCS and non-SCS level.

(4) Findings of fact

166. At the time of the DPM's appointment, he had identified a number of serious problems which required attention. He considered that the department required significantly more in the way of oversight and accountability.

167. The DPM's policy priorities included the Bill of Rights and reform of the parole system. The DPM perceived what he described as 'cultural resistance' to these, amongst other, policies. This perception was regarded by the civil servants concerned as highly contentious and was emphatically rejected by many, particularly in view of the obligation to give informed and impartial advice. It was not necessary for me to resolve this dispute because the relevant findings of fact about the DPM's behaviour are not affected by the question whether he was or was not correct to have held this perception. Accordingly, for the purpose only of the analysis which follows, I have made my findings of fact on the assumed basis (but without concluding) that the DPM's perception was well-founded.

168. Most of the media reporting related to the investigation has concerned the MoJ. I could not form any reasoned view as to the source or sources within the MoJ of the media reporting. I did not regard it as appropriate to give less weight to all of the evidence in respect of the MoJ Complaints because some unidentifiable individuals, who may or may not also have participated in the investigation, had also chosen to engage with the media on an anonymous basis. However, in view of general concerns arising from such engagement, I have had regard in my findings to the following factors: the potentially prejudicial effect to the DPM of media reporting; the risk that allegations were prompted or embellished by exposure to such reporting or by unwitting influence arising from knowledge of another person's complaint; and whether and the extent to which the subject-matter of the MoJ Complaints was discussed by individuals making, participating in or supporting the MoJ Complaints (or other Complaints).


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 169. The significance of the MoJ Group Complaint is that it led to the making of all of the other Complaints. The participants in the MoJ Group Complaint deserve credit for their courage in coming forward. It cannot have been easy for them to do so and their motivation was to stand up for more senior colleagues whose experiences they had observed at one remove. Having interviewed almost all of the individuals closely involved, I find that they are sincere and committed civil servants, with no ulterior agenda.

170. However, the composition and content of the MoJ Group Complaint make it unsuitable as a basis for any findings about the DPM's conduct. In particular:

 * (1) It was the product of discussions, involving a large number of individuals, over an extended period in February and March 2022.

 * (2) It was drafted by 'committee', with multiple contributors.

 * (3) It is focused only to a limited extent on the DPM himself, with references also to Ministers (plural) and other civil servants.

 * (4) It uses the language of a "perverse culture of fear" without a clear explanation of what it is said to mean. I received different explanations from different individuals.

 * (5) It refers to a significant extent to material in relation to effects on colleagues about which none of the interviewees in respect of the MoJ Group Complaint knew anything specific.

 * (6) It made allegations about unreasonable work deadlines which were not persuasively instantiated by any witness.

171. In relation to the MoJ Additional Complaints, I have considered those allegations which are included in the MoJ Additional Complaints themselves separately from those allegations which were raised by witnesses but which do not form part of the MoJ Additional Complaints. Where the latter type of allegation was closely linked to one of the MoJ Additional Complaints, I have considered, and taken into account in my findings below, whether it sheds any light on the presence or absence of a relevant pattern of conduct. If it raised a separate allegation, which was not the subject of an MoJ Additional Complaint, it was not appropriate or necessary to find any facts about it.


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 172. I can deal with my specific findings of fact about the MoJ Additional Complaints on a compendious basis, using particular matters to explain my findings:

 * (1) It is likely that there had been some discussion and cooperation between certain relevant individuals before the MoJ Additional Complaints were submitted. However, I did not detect any sense in which they attempted to tailor their evidence to fit with any other person's.

 * (2) On a number of occasions of meetings with policy officials (albeit by no means in every case) the DPM acted in a manner which was intimidating, in the sense of going further than was necessary or appropriate in delivering critical feedback and also insulting, in the sense of making unconstructive critical comments about the quality of work done (whether or not as a matter of substance any criticism was justified). Specific instances of this type of conduct are set out below.

 * (3) The DPM sometimes takes a strong view that officials should have been prepared in advance to answer his questions at a meeting and, in the event that they cannot do so, offers largely unconstructive criticism about the matter. A particular phrase used by the DPM was to complain about the absence of what he referred to as 'basic information' or 'the basics'. The public airing (in the context of a meeting) of a comment of this kind, where others present are not or may not be well-placed to judge whether the criticism is well-founded, is likely to be experienced as an unfairly personal criticism by the individual to whom the comment is directed and was so experienced by some individuals.

 * (4) The same type of interaction could also occur when the DPM felt frustrated that his policy objectives were not being implemented with sufficient commitment. There was an occasion when I find, on balance, that the DPM referred to 'obstructiveness' on the part of the relevant team. The DPM held the view that there was what he regarded as a 'cultural resistance' within the MoJ to his reforms and it is more likely than not that this view was manifested by the DPM in his comments. One individual perceived the comment to have been directed personally and unfairly at him and was insulted by it. I do not find that the DPM intended his comment personally, but it was reasonably interpreted in that way.


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 . “I am thankful, dearest mother, very—very thankful; and cow I will tell you what I bave been thinking about. Tam fond of this kind of work, you know, aod I think I contd a0 easily earn a support in this ‘way, und yet be always with you; for you know if I ‘was to teach echool, we thould be separated so much, Dont you tbiak it isa good plan, mother?” said Elsie, anxiously, as she saw her mother bend her head upon her haads. For a moment Mrs. Gray did not an- swer. Should ber daughter—her young, fragile and Deautiful daughter, bend day afier day over the toil- some needle? Should she bow her fair young head hour after hour over the tedious work, to obtain the scanty pittance with which the seamstress was re- warded? her daughter, whom she had sheltered from the cold and guarded from the heat—whom she bad Burtured a8 delicately as the rarest exotic of the green- houre~-should she toil—end 10i]—end toil for bread? ‘There was misery in the thought, and raising ber hol- low eyes, she said, ‘no, Elsie, no, darling—not yet, not yet. Twill see our good Deacon Walters, Your father’s parishioners will not surely let hie widow aod his orphan want for bread.”

“But, mother, Lam young, you know, and I must do something for a living, and I would eo much rather be here with you, and take in the sewing, than to teach school and board around from house to house, as the teachers have to."

+ “Well, Elsie, I will think about it; you are no doubt right, but it will behard, very hard, my daugh- ter”

‘That evening Mra. Gray slipped from the house, snd went down to the dwelling of Deacon Walters. She wus closcted but « little while with him, and ‘when she parted from him, he said—

“1 will do all Lean for you, Mrs. Merwin, but my Safluence has not been much since the young minister came. Farewell—God be with you,” and he grasped her hand warmly.

A week from that evening Deacon Walters called ‘upon Mrs. Gray, at the parsonage.

“We held a meeting at the vestry, last night,” be eaid, “but the—ahem! the parishioners said that— that the young minister bas » growing family, and that they—they bave to fncrense his salary, end that the church is in debt, and they—zhey say they are not able to do anything for you; but I've got the promise of the lest quarter's payment, and @ small sum which ‘we took up by subseription,” and Deacon Walters Inid twenty-five dollars on the table, without saying that twenty wes from his own purse, and the rest made up by sixpences and ninepenoes from the gene- rous congregation,

Good old man—how his heart bled for the delicate wife and fragile daughter of bis last minister! how it throbbed with holy indignation for the wrongs which they endured so patiently! Would that tbeir case was: an isolated one; but no, scores of delicately reared wives and daughters of ministera ere turned out upon. the world to seek their sustenance #8 they may, uo- aided by those who listened year afler year to the preaching of the word of life from the upwearied lips of the husband and feiher. Shame! ehame! a bitter end burwing shame to the inhabitants of the towns and villages who sanction euch unchristian, such inhuman conduct. With whet agonizing lamentar tions will they cry in the last day, saying, “Lord, when saw we thee an hungered or athirst, and did not minister unto thee?” and bow full of teuth will de the answer, “Inasmuch as ye did it not to one of the least of these, ye did it not to me!”

Elsie commenced enthusiastically ber labors, and through the tong hot days she fagged not, for her young heart sustained her with the thought that she was earning the bread for her dear mother and for hereelf, and she was agaia bappy in being useful, Sometimes e blush would Git across her face, ax sho thought how rapidiy the weeks were passing, and how soon Philip—dear Philip, would be with her again, and then she would sigh, for nhe could not belp wondering why be had not written to her in her be- reavement, and fencying bow surprited he would be to see her so much changed, for Elsie had indeed changed—changed from the pure and anowy bad to the wonderously lovely and almost queealy lily, Her girlish form was fest perfecting in the full and tese contour of the woman, and her dark mou fing 0 tightly ber graceful form, was singularly be- coming, Thus a month fitted by, and at her litte writing-desk Elsie was counting the earnings of those four busy weeks.

Over and over aguin she counted—was it possible that she had earned scarce two dollars, ‘Try hard aa she could, and she did, indeed, try very bard, she could not make it more, and with a tong, sad sigh, she went to her mother’s room, and laid the little pile of silver on the bureau.

“It is very litle, mother, isitnot?” she said, “very little, after sewing #0 long and s0 steadily—we shall never be able to live, I am afraid,” ebe sighed.

Poor ehild! had she been able todie, it woutd have been better, far better for her, as far as mortal eye could then see, for it would have saved her young heart from many a pang, but the tried gold comes forth pure and unalloyed from tbe furnace, and through the chastenings and affictions of earth, the apitit is prepared for its Heavenly home.

‘That night she went to carry home little bundle of work, and she strove to walk cheerfully over tho grase-grown path, although ber apiril was heavy within her, She reached the house, and afier re- ceiving the pay she turned to leave, buta name an rested ber alteation, aod abe paused long enough in the doorway 10 Rear the speaker add——‘and his father’s e-going to New Haven first, ind then Mr. Phil joins him, and they go from there to Niagara, and then across the lakes.”. Elsie had heard enough —enough to tend the tears rolling thick and fast down her feverishly glowing cheeks, and she turned from the road-side into the wood-path which led down be- side the old school-house, and through the glen to the toaesive oak which had Witnessed their first parting. ‘There, upon the moss, she threw berself, crashing the king-cups and the daises, and the long fern leaves which wore growing in that wild place side by side, and she wept bitterly over-her repeated disappoint men's, and murmured at the destiny which seemed mocking hee brightest hopes.

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 :(5) There was a similar occasion when the DPM was frustrated that one of his steers about a proposed reform had not been implemented in the paper presented. For the purpose of analysis, it does not matter whether the DPM's frustration was or was not well-founded and so I have assumed (without concluding) that the DPM was legitimately frustrated. There was a stark dispute as to whether the DPM had described the work done as 'utterly useless' and 'woeful'. On balance, I think that these were the words used; they comprised criticism that was not in the nature of constructive feedback. They were reasonably understood as insulting personal criticism.

 * (6) It is likely that at the same meeting the DPM referred to the Civil Service Code, in the context of expressing his frustration that officials were not doing what he had asked of them. However, this was not intended as a threat of disciplinary action and was not understood as such.

 * (7) I find that the DPM did not intend by the conduct described to upset or humiliate. He was typically so focused on what he regards as his desired outcome and how – as he saw it – to achieve that outcome effectively that he did not always have in mind the impact of his approach at the level of the individual who was affected by it.

 * (8) The DPM did not target anyone for a specific type of treatment. On the contrary, he appears to have adopted the same style throughout (at least until the commencement of the investigation). However, he ought to have realised earlier that some individuals would find it difficult to cope with his style and should have adjusted his behaviour accordingly.

 * (9) The DPM's approach to accountability and responsibility may on occasion be applied with undue inflexibility. For example, his dissatisfaction that a particular, if relatively minor, issue had not been resolved after an extended period of time led him to press repeatedly, to identify the very junior official responsible and to the appearance of a more senior official to apologise to the DPM. However, neither of those officials gave evidence that they had been adversely affected and the individual who raised the matter did not suggest that they had been significantly affected by it.


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 :(10) A further similar example is that the DPM made a point of requiring a meeting with a policy official for the sole purpose of criticising them for their team's failure to deliver a submission on time and without having requested in advance any extension. There was no underlying urgency. For the individual in question, the experience was humiliating and upsetting.

 * (11) In relation to the subject of undue interrupting, which featured in all of the MoJ Additional Complaints, most of the experiences described are likely to be attributable to the DPM's approach to preparation and his desire to use the time in a meeting in as focused and effective a manner as possible. He is typically not prepared to sit passively while attendees make a point that he has already understood or repeat the content of a paper that he has absorbed. He generally demands that his questions be answered in a manner which he regards as direct and straightforward. I do not regard the criticism of this part of the DPM's method of working as itself indicative of behaviour that was 'intimidating' or 'insulting'. However, individuals who had previously experienced the DPM express an unconstructive criticism of their work (and probably understood it as a criticism of them personally) might reasonably have interpreted a series of interruptions as a form of implicit criticism. The combination of explicit unconstructive criticism and frequent interrupting may have a cumulative effect as a form of intimidating or insulting behaviour.

 * (12) The individuals involved in the MoJ Additional Complaints experienced a range of impacts, including stress and anxiety, the taking of special unpaid leave, and in one case a period of stress-related sick leave. Although they said – and genuinely believed – that these impacts were attributable to the DPM's conduct, in view of the available evidence it was not possible for me to make a finding about cause and effect.

 * (13) The DPM was not aware, nor could he reasonably have been aware, of the impact on individuals in terms of what are said to have been the effects on psychological health. He was aware of the case of the individual who took stress-related sick leave, but it was not suggested that he knew or should have known that they attributed that to the DPM. There is otherwise no suggestion that any similar impact was brought to his attention.


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 :(14) Overall, I conclude that the DPM's conduct during the MoJ Period was on some occasions 'abrasive', in the sense of a personal style which is and feels intimidating or insulting to the individual, but is not intended to be so. His conduct was not, however, 'abusive', in the sense of behaviour which is intended and specifically targeted. He has been able to regulate this level of 'abrasiveness' since the announcement of the investigation. The DPM should have altered his approach earlier, and in particular after certain concerns had been flagged by Sir Philip Barton and Antonia Romeo.

173. In case it should be regarded as relevant, I have made the following findings of fact which could be taken into account as potential mitigation (but not justification) and in relation to the ability to ensure proper working practices in future:

 * (1) The DPM has expressed regret in relation to the impact on individuals, which has been communicated to him for the first time in the course of the investigation. He has not offered any apology, given that he does not accept that he has done anything wrong.

 * (2) There was a broad consensus amongst interviewees that, whatever might have been said about the DPM's conduct prior to the investigation, there was little or no valid ground for criticism of the DPM's conduct once the investigation was announced. Some of the individuals concerned with the MoJ Additional Complaints acknowledged that if the DPM had behaved previously as he has more recently behaved, there would have been no valid grounds for complaint.

 * (3) The DPM said that he is committed to acting professionally and focusing on the job, because he cares far more about issues of national interest than his personal position. I accept that this is true, although he has also been left with a sense (as he put it) of having been 'wronged' and he referred to certain 'propriety issues' arising from the allegations within the Complaints. There is to that extent a risk of repetition, albeit one whose extent is difficult to assess.


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 16 Meanwhile the rich Squire Stewart Had crossed the road to the parsonage, and was aow in close con: versation with the widow,

Yes," he said, “she seers to he mighty handy with the needte, bot it’s such poor pay that women Get here in the country, Now, if you could only manage to get 10 New York or Boston, I hava’t any doubt but you could mate a nies, comfortable living.”

“Oh, how could we live away from Southton- Elsie and me? Ik would most break our bearts 10 thi of it, No, {had tea thousand times rather struggle along here, io sight of my husband's grave, than to live mote comfortably in the busy, noisy city.”

“But you ought to think of Elsie,” commenced the squire; ‘she gets euch poor pay, you cold not tive on that any way, and you say yourself you aro a getting in debt, Now, I offer you more than the house is worth, and you might invest ft in some snug way, and it would yield enough to pay for the rooms you ‘wonld have to rent, and then Elsie would get so much more for her sewing, you woutd live nicely. Now, ‘Widow Gray, you'd better think of i”

“I will,” sighed the widow, heavily, oe he left the house,

There was e very sinister smite in the eyes of Squire Stowart, as he crossed back to his elegant house, Did he congratulate himself upon making « bargain if he should succeed in getting the parsonage at the price he had named? No, it was not that, for he had in reality offered more than it was worth. ‘What caused that strange mite? Was itat the thought of removing Elsie from the neighborhood of his son, that he might better carry out bis plans in uniting the brond lunds of the Athleya’ to his own, by wedding his ton with the sole heleese—the proud Emeline? ‘Why ueed he to have feared—bad not month rolled away after month, and Philip showed ao niga of re- membrance of the ono be used to love so well?

Ah! so thought the mouraful, sorrowing Elsie; but Squire Stewart well knew how many—how very many letters he had burned which bore her name upon the envelope, Beware, man of the world! be- ware of thy own machinations, for many and many an one bave so entangled the webs which they were weaving, that the very threads which they have sought to part, they have joined together.

‘When Elsie came home that evening, her eyes swollen with weeping, and her dress dripping with the night dow, which she had swept from the long grate in the forest, her mother told ber of Squire Blewart’s proposal, of her own reluctance in acceptimg it, her dread of leaving the litle village, and then waited for an answer.

Elsie’s voice was husky as she replied, ‘there is but one spot in the whole villago which J should dread to leave—dut one spot, and that is my father’s grave. ‘We have no memory of kindness to chain us bere, mother, and sooner or {eter we shal! have to go; then Jet it be now, while we are both welt and strong, be- fore we have to beg for bread, or at best sicken aad die within the walls of the poor-house.” Mrs. Gray looked with astonishment upor the gleaming eyes of the energetic young being before ber, and marveled that Elsie could be thus changed.

Another month, and in a neat but smaall—very small frame tenement ia the outskirts of New Haven, the mother and daughter were domesticated. A graceful elm flung its cool shade over the doorway, aud a few scattered vines and sheubs adorned the amull yard ‘The liltle swinging sign suspended by the door, bore the words “ Mantua-making and Plain Sewing; but a week had passed, and no work or encouragement had they received. Beside the tittle open window they eat, recalling the days so different when they de- pended upon the one now slumbering in the grave for support as well as for happiness, Dark storm- clouds were guibering over the blue sky, and the red lightning quivered and flathed through the wreathing mist—but afar in the past bad their memory wan- dered, and they heeded it not, until euddenty a lerrifie peal of thunder seemed {0 shake the cviluge to its foundations. This was followed by @ scream of alarm, from the roadside, and Elsie hastened to the gate in time to open it for two young girls, just as the thick rain poured down in torrents, Shellered beneath the roof of the little dwelling, the girls soon forgot their fears, and talked merrily to each other of their mama’s anxiety, end wondered if she would send the carriage for them. Mrs. Gray gathered from their conversation that they were rich, and after the shower had passed over, and they began to talk of hastening homeward, she told them thet they were strangers, and thet they sought employment, and showed them. some of the needle-work which Elsie had dono, he elegantly stitched bands, and the neatly-hemnied ruf fles; and the girls promised to tell mama, and left ‘The next morning a showy equipage stopped in front of the little cottage, and a splendidly dressed woman beckoned to Elsie to come to the carriage,

“So you are in want of plain sewing, are you, ‘Miss—Miss—what sbalt T call you?”

“Elsie Gray, if you please.”

“And you sew neatly, Gray, my daughter tells me—what are your prices”

“E bave received ninepence,” replied Elie, “foe malting shirts, and twenty-five cents for cutting and making dresees; but we found we could pul live upon thet, and J came here in hopes of getling more.”

« Ninepence for sbirte!” exclaimed the lady, in as- tonishment; “live upon thet? good graciour, I should think not. Here, John,” she said, calling to the foot man, “take this piece of linen, and these bundles out into the cottage,” then looking back to Elsie. she added, ‘I will give you seventy-five cenis for every shirt you make efier the pattern whieh you will frd in one of the bundles.”

«Oh, it is too much—too much," said Elsie, breath less with pleasure.

“Not any too much, child,” replied the tedy, “for Tam in great hurry for them; when do you think you can let me have helf « dozen?”

“Weil, with mother’s help, I think I might say the last of néxt weet"?

"Very well, I will call for them myrelf,” and the magnanimous \ady rode from the cottage, raying to her companion, “there is a clear gain of seventy. five cents upon-every thirt, for Ihave been paying a

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 G.

174. As I said at the outset, this report is the product of my investigation into the facts surrounding the Complaints. It states, to the extent consistent with upholding the principle of confidentiality, my findings of fact. I reiterate the importance, for a proper understanding of the subject-matter, of reading the report as a whole.

175. As set out in paragraphs 53 and 57 above, for the purpose of this investigation under the Ministerial Code, conduct would fall within the description of 'bullying' if it can be characterised as:

 * (1) Offensive, intimidating, malicious or insulting behaviour; or

 * (2) Abuse or misuse of power in ways that undermine, humiliate, denigrate or injure the recipient.

176. In summary, I have found as follows:

 * (1) In relation to the DExEU Complaint:

 * (a) The DPM's conduct cannot be characterised as offensive, malicious or insulting. It was experienced as intimidating, in the sense of excessively demanding. I could not make a finding as to whether it was in fact intimidating in this sense. There was no evidence to suggest any abuse or misuse of power.

 * (b) The DPM did not intend any adverse effect on others.

 * (c) No-one drew to the DPM's attention that his conduct was in any way problematic.

 * (d) He did not know and could not reasonably have been aware of what is said to have been the impact of his conduct on certain individuals.

 * (2) In relation to the FCDO Complaint:

 * (a) The DPM made a legitimate management choice, on the basis of his genuine, adverse view about the work of others (albeit without any grounds for disciplinary action).


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 . dollar and a half for their making.” The lady emiled snd bowed, but made no answer—the expression of her countenance was, “you have made a very good bargain with an unknown seamsiress, and Lhave & nice bit of scandal to retail about you.” One would scarcely think a countenance could express so much, and yet Mre. Pitwell’s did, I can assure you, as she bowed 10 Mrs. Hamilton's remark, “Was there ever avything so fortunate,” Mrs. Hamilton continued; “I mean to keep her entirely 10 myself, as I have discovered her.”

‘Again Mrs. Pitwell bowed, and this time her faco expressed “not altogether to yourself, I fancy.” Ia accordance with this last resolution, Mrs. Pitwell sommupicated to some half dozen of her acquaint- ances, jo lesa than © week, that morning's incident, but Mrs. Hamilton was one of ihe upper fen, aad all were too much afraid of offending her to interfere with hee new-found seamstress, At length the rumor reached the ears of one who feared nothing so much as sia, and receiving the direction from Mrs. Pit- well'e lips, Mrs. Devering went in search of her.

Meanwhile, day after day—evening after evenivg by the light of the dim candle, poor Elsie stitched und stitched the fine linen—drew tho thredds of the tiny plaits, und sewed and sewed until her blue veined brow seemed alvaost bursting, Hour after hour she dent above hor work, and etilt without murmuring, although she had never dreamed that the fine linen would prove so much more tedious than the coarse muslin to which she hed been accustomed. The shirts were Giished, In a little more than a week, ehe had earned, with the help of her mother, four dollars and a half, Happy Elsie—happy in earning by unwearied exertions the paltry sum whic! sands hourly squander—happier far than any amidst those thousands.

ft was now the Inst of August, and Elele, after laying aside her work, walked into the secluded grave-yard within sight of theft dwelling. A thou- sand memories stole through her heart a she wan- dered slong beside the grass green graves. She paused uear a tablet of stone, and leaning over the iron railing, she read upon ft that it was erected to faithful pastor by his affectionate congregation. Before her rose the mound of emerald turf where her father stept—no stone to mark the place, and drop- ping upon her knees, she sobbed wildly and passion- ately.

‘Time and place were forgotten, all save the memory of her great loss, and she started in surprise when ehe felt the delicate preseare of « hand upon her shoulder. ‘She looked up through her tears into eyes beautifully mild, but mournful. A bonnet of crape shaded the serene brow, and the long widow's veil drooped from the erown.

‘Why do you mourn so bitterly child?” said a ‘voice earnest, bat tenderly low.

Elnie’s heart was touched by the kind questioning, and she told the inquirer how early sbe had learned 2 most grievous sorrow, in tones 0 pathetic that more than one tear forced ite way through Mrs, Dever- fng's tids, She followed Elsie to their neat cottage, and there she told Mre. Gray that hearing of them through a lady of their acquaintance she had como in search of them, and stopped on her way in the grave-yard, where she had found Eisie. Sho inte- rested herself very much in their plans, and forbade Elsie to make any more shirts for the price which Mra, Hamilton hed offered.

“You shall have as many as you can do at a dollar and a balf,” she added, “and 1 will bring Laura azound, and if you St her well you shall have this plain sewing, for maatua-making is far less tedious.”

Elsie’s eyes gleamed with pleasure, and site could scarcely refrain from olasping her arms around tho neck of her new-found friend, who had mingled vo much sympathy with her proffered kindness.

The next day Laura Devering came with her mother, and, despite the wembiing of Elsie’s bands, the dress fitted admirably, And s0 dress followed dress, and customer customer, until Elsie was ob- liged 10 employ several young girls to assist her, and. all owing, as she said, to “dear, delightful Mrs. De- vering.” Mrs. Devering was indeed a real angel of goodness—never had a fairy a betier mode of making a mortal happy. Wherever she went prayers and blessings followed ber, and even the dust of the avenue whore her summer residence was situated, was almost sacred to Elsie Gray's enthusiastic tem- perament. Well might she, and well might many another say, “dear, delighted Mrs. Devering,” for the riches with which she was bleat were dispensed ‘with a bountiful head to the deserving.

‘Years flew by, and in all this time had not Paiap and Elsio once met? Before sho left her home sho had felt neglected, end che was too proud to seelc him when he hed apparently avoided her, aud so all, this weary while had passed, and only once had Blsio gazed upon his face, and then when he bore proudly the honors of his class Little did he dream that amidst that sea of upturned fuces was that of the drooping lily bud, whose form he sili yearned 10 clasp to his bosom. Ol, how eagerly did she drink in every undulation of thet deep-toned voice—how it thrilled the pulses of her heart, and made the blood leap madly from vein to vein. But even this was now amidat the memories of by-gone days, and sha pressed throngh her toilsome path, cheered by the approving smiles of her faithful friend, and the de~ voted fondness of her precious mother.

It was now five years since they had left their village home, and not once had Elsie heard from Philip since that commencement morn

Her face wes a little, a very little thinner, but the outlines of her form was atill as faultless as those of tome beautiful piece of statuary. She ati!l wore the simple mourning dresa, and still fresh in her heart lingered the memory of ber departed father.

One day Elsie was vainly striving to finish her work. She sat by the open window. Her two pet birds hung in a cage overhead, and now and then she looked up at them; they seemed 60 happy she almost envied them, ‘Then she would glence at a cluster of flowers growing in s pot, the only relic beside her father's cha?r and table, of their once happy bome. Her head throbbed heavily. A carriage whirled slong and stopped in front of the cottage, Mrs. Hamilton

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 ::(b) In reaching and implementing this management choice he acted in a way which was intimidating, in the sense of unreasonably and persistently aggressive conduct in the context of a work meeting. It also involved an abuse or misuse of power in a way that undermines or humiliates. He introduced an unwarranted punitive element. His conduct was experienced as undermining or humiliating by the affected individual, which was inevitable. It is to be inferred that the DPM was aware that this would be the effect of his conduct; at the very least, he should have been aware.

 * (c) On a separate occasion, the DPM referred to the Civil Service Code in a way which could reasonably have been understood as suggesting that those involved had acted in breach. This had a significant adverse effect on a particular individual who took it seriously. The DPM's conduct was a form of intimidating behaviour, in the sense of conveying a threat of unspecified disciplinary action, and was experienced as such. He did not target any individual, nor intend to threaten anyone with disciplinary action. However, he ought to have realised that his reference to the Civil Service Code could well have been understood as a threat.

 * (3) In relation to the MoJ Complaints:

 * (a) The significance of the MoJ Group Complaint is that it paved the way for all of the other Complaints. The participants in the MoJ Group Complaint deserve credit for their courage in coming forward. But its composition and content make it unsuitable as a basis for any findings about the DPM's conduct.

 * (b) On a number of occasions at meetings with policy officials, the DPM acted in a manner which was intimidating, in the sense of going further than was necessary or appropriate in delivering critical feedback, and also insulting, in the sense of making unconstructive critical comments about the quality of work done (whether or not as a matter of substance any criticism was justified). By way of example, he complained about the absence of what he referred to as 'basic information' or 'the basics', about 'obstructiveness' on the part of officials whom he perceived to be


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 resistant to his policies, and described some work as 'utterly useless' and 'woeful'.

 * (c) The DPM did not intend by the conduct described to upset or humiliate. Nor did he target anyone for a specific type of treatment.

 * (d) His interruptive style is not itself behaviour that could be regarded as intimidating or insulting. However, individuals who had previously experienced the DPM express an unconstructive criticism of their work (and understood it as a criticism of them personally) might reasonably have interpreted a series of interruptions as a form of implicit criticism. The combination of unconstructive critical feedback and regular interruption is likely to be experienced as intimidating, in the sense of being unreasonably difficult to deal with, and plainly was so experienced by some individuals.

 * (e) The DPM was not aware, nor could he reasonably have been aware, of the impact on individuals in terms of what are said to have been the effects of his behaviour on their health.

 * (f) Adopting the language of Dame Sue Owen's report (while acknowledging that it is not part of the definition accepted in the FDA Case and that both types of conduct may amount to bullying), the DPM's conduct during the MoJ Period was sometimes 'abrasive', in the sense of a personal style which is or feels intimidating or insulting to the individual, but is not intended to be so. His conduct was not, however, 'abusive', in the sense of behaviour which is intended and specifically targeted.

 * (g) The DPM has been able to regulate this level of 'abrasiveness' since the announcement of the investigation. He should have altered his approach earlier.

 * (h) Since the investigation was announced, there has not been any valid ground for criticism of the DPM's conduct.

177. In view of the findings of fact, and in light of the Terms of Reference, questions in relation to the Ministerial Code are a matter for the Prime Minister.


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Rh

Colony of Ants, from the latter End of Augut, to the beginning of June, is ually compoed of a large female and various Companies of Workers. We may by way of Eminence, as well as in Regard to the Honours paid Her by the Society, tile the former, the Queen. Beides thee, there are in the latter End of June, all July, and Part of Augut, a Number of winged Ants, which are commonly known by the Name of Ant-Flies.

The Government of Ants has been univerally taken for a Republic or Common-Wealth, and accord- Rh


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 18 descended the steps and hastened into the work-room, followed by her eldest daughter.

“Miss Gray, I am in a terrible berry. Helen has to have this dress made by to-morrow evening,” and she tossed a bundle of blue tissue on the table. “Tr is to be made low neck, short sleeves, and three folds, bound with blue sill on the ekirt.”*

«Ianpoesible, Mrs. Hamilton, U could not even make plain dress I am so much hurried, and besides Lem feeling quite ill, and 1 am afraid I shall have to dis- appoint some whom I have already promised, which you know is always a very great trial to me.”

“But you must do it—you had better disappoint others than to disappoint me, for you know I was the first person who employed you. She must have it, and Ill take no denial.”

“Bot [ can’t, indeed—indeed I can't, 1 would do it with pleasure for you if 1 could, bat I am too un- well to take any more work.”

J shall leave it, Mise Gray. I eball insist upon its being done. If you are well enough to ait up, you are able to cut one dress I am sure, and you have Misa Helen’s pattern, 20 it will not be much trouble after all. Come, Helen, we must go.”

“It is impossible—atterly impossible for me to do it,” said Elsie, guzing up into Mrs. Harilton’s face with 60 wan and wearied look that i¢ would have melted any heart less selfish and worldly than Mrs. Hamilton's.

“This comes of patronising young giels and giving them floods of work, and then see how quickly they turn upon their benefactors and glory in disappointing them. I tell you, Miss Gray, if you do not make that dress it is the lust piece of work I will ever give you; and I tall you too that I will publish you all over the city ss the most ungrateful creature in the world, and then we'll see how you'll make your living.”

So saying, Mrs. Hamitton swept from the room, foltowed by her promising daughter, who said, “you did not eay half enough, mother. I dectare I nover saw such impudence, I wonder what these sewing people will come too. Itsa pretty pass now if they’ve got go independent that they can afford to refuse their customers work.”

‘And why were they in such a burry for Helen’s blue tissue? Had sbe no other dress? Dress after dress was piled over each other in her wardrobes end closets, but bleo was very becoming to Heten’s wex doll beauty, and she had not a single blue dress that hhad not been worn once or more.

They had thet moming sscortained that an old ac- qunintance just retuned from his European tour, was to be at a musical party which Mre. Pitwell wus to give, and as he was young, accomplished, and more than all wealthy, Mrs. Hamilton was soxious thet Helen should make an impression; #0 the dress must be had even if Elsie Gray, tho dress-maker, sat up till midnight over it, And Elsio did sit up, not only Ail) widight, but until tho struggling morning light trembled through the vines. ‘Then for one chort—one troubled hour she pretsed her head, her aching, throb- bing head upon the pillow, striving in vain to woo the aleep that would not come,

She arose and went to ber work again, The girls sewed diligently with her, and the dress was finished. With » long igh she left her work-table, and re ar- ranging ber beir, sbe put on her simple cottage bat and silk mantilla, and kissing her mother aifection- ately, went out {o take her accustomed evening wall.

‘Trembling and wearied she at length reached Mra. Devering’s cottage.

“My child! my child! how changed you are,” said Mrs. Devering, as she met her in the doorway, “how very misorably you look; your eyes are boliow, and the lids almost black; and your cheeks are 20 paltid; and your lips so pale and dry—why what is the mater? You shall not work any more—you sbati come and live with me, and rest until the warm weather is over,” and Mra, Devoring drew ber into the wide and matted hall, and seated her upon & Per sian lounge, at (he same time requesting a servant to bring some wine and cake, Elsic revived after drinking a glass of wine, and told Mrs. Devering of her night's work.

“It was oaly thet, I shall soon be better, but it is, 80 bard to work all day and all night tao,” she added.

“Shameful! shameful!” exclaimed Mra, Devering, forgetting her usual prudence.

Mra, Devering left her youngest daughter with Bisie, while Laura end hereelf went to their Yooms to prepare themselves for the musical soiree,

“You know mamma will set you down as she gooa slong, so you won't have to walk bome,” said Emnaay “but wouldn't it be grand if we were going to the party, and could seo that elegant yoring man that Helea Hamilton talks x0 much about. I do indeed believe that Laura thinks a great deal about bim, although mamma says it is very naughty for me ta say so, but I heard Laure telling Bell Townsend that Helen Hamilton was in love with him before he weat to Europe, and that she was certain he did not care a fig for her, and how could she be certain of thet if aho didn’t think be thought some of her?”

«Your reasoaing is not very logical,” smiled Elsie, with such @ sweet, sad smile, that it entirely trans fixed a young man coming up the gravel-walk which ‘wound through the lawn. He was dressed in deep mourning, and his eyes were sad in their expression, dut large and brilliantly beautiful. Hie features were faultless, and his figuro was singularly commanding.

‘There was something about that smite of Elsie Gray's which made his heart stand still, but as it- pasted away from her face leaving that wan, wearied ‘expression, he shook his head mournfully, and com tinued untit he reached the verandah, His steps fell upon Elsie’s ear, and looking up she saw the stranger. No! no stranger to Elsie Gray's heart, for with a wild ery of joy she sprang forward, and then sank back nonseless upon the lounge. Ad that cry ran through the bouse, Mra. Devering hastened dowaward, and found Philip Stewart cailiog upon Elsie hy every endearing word ho could think of to awaken her from her deathly slumber.

“Have I not suffered enough, but that she must die now—dio in my arms, my bird! my treavure! my poor, wan, wasted darling! awake for me, Elsie—for my love! Oh, bring me sir—bring me water—for Heaven’s sake, Mrs. Devering, don’t let my Elsie

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 . die,” and thus incoherently he called apon her while she lay so pallid, so motionless, that they all trembled fearing the spirit had departed.

Helen Hamilton’s blue tissue was made in vain, The courted and admired Phtlip Stewart was abecat from the party, and none could conjecture the unac- equatable cause. A week aRerward a merry com- pany went up to Southton, and Mrs, Deveriag was ‘simost as bappy as Mrs, Gray and Elsie, and the devoted, self-plighted of her childhood. There they learned of the deceit which Mr. Stewart bad prac- tised, leading Philip to suppose that Elsie aad her mother bad gone to Englaod; and then afier his father’s death bow he had sought ker in vain in @ far Jaad, and found no clue—how heart sick he had re- turaed and whiled away the days as best he might. ‘until the eventful evening at Mra. Devering’s, Then from the lips of Mrs, Devering and Mra. Gray, Phitip Jearned of all the untiring devotednoss and sel-sac- rifieing love which Elsie had bore her mother—of all the weary days of toil which abe hed endured, and, clasping her close to his heart, he blessed God for his angel treasure, Another month, and in the old church, endeared to her by very many essocia- tions, Elsie Gray stood in solemn happiness before the altar, and gave berself with alt the irustfulaess of innocence end truth, to the one who by years of ‘unswerving constancy had proved himself worthy to proteot aad cherish her with his love.

The parsonage was inhabited, for Mrs. Gray clung to it now that she could again call it hers, and cheered by the almost constant society of Philip and Elaie, her days passed pencefully and happily. Fre- quent were the visits which they received from their true friend, Mrs. Devering, and when they returned them, there were none but felt proud of entertaining the stylish Mr. Stewart and bie beautiful and graceful wife; for even Helen Hamilton bad long since coated towonder what would become of those sewing people.

In the grave-yard at Southton, a pure monument of statuary marble marks the spot where Elsie’s father sleeps, and ons not lesa costly, erected by the samo hands, commemorates the virtues of good Deacon ‘Walters,

What Is the orfme, my mother, thus to cast One who so worships thee from oat thy heartt What have I done uniid the time that’s past, To make thy love and wiemory all depart? To make tho world « mies scone to mo— When every thought and dresis of life must be As dozk a3 wave upon a midnight seat.

‘Have I not loved thee?—ezk thts throbbing breast, ‘Where overy pulse is but a beat of thine, ‘Tint homeward dles like young birds to the nash, ‘To find a shelter in that hallowed shrine; Atte this poor heart, and ft will how thee deep ‘Within its cote the place thet thon dost keep As pure as infants in their cradled sleep.

Fiave I not loved theet—life has boaa to me ‘Of Hope and Love, one loug and uany dream, Ja which I saw bright images of thee Aa flowers refected in « Summer atzeam; ‘Hopes that have brighten'd with thenr fairy raya All thoughts and withes of thoee happy days, Tn which J tived but on thy whisper'd praise.

‘Yes, I have loved thes—but a stranger now ‘Has won my place forever by tby side I mark ber kins apon thy thoughtful brow, And tremble as I read that look of pride With whieb thou hail’st my rival in thy heart. T see the gushing tear-dropa as they start, Which speak to me how deeply deor thou art,

But can she love thee, mother, a8 T do, Who lisped my prayers beside thy bented kneo— Drank In thy words ax Bowers drink the dew, And gnve them back In insence unto thoe— Raised no fond altar, but thy Image carse, The guardinn apirit ‘mad the amoke and fame, To grave upon my heart that one loved name?

Oh onn che treasure as my heart bas done Old scenes and memories linked with other years? Long, long ago, before cut homestead ava. Baad been eclipsed amid a night of tears— Tears that imve feit like dropa of Winter raia— Chill, drear and derk upon tbls aching brain That ne'er ean feck Love's sunlight amile aguint

Her loka cannot bring buck oar early hoens, The tiny brook that aang beside the door, Hot voice may warble, but no dreame will come Of safeDey upom thes cottage fone No aister’s song is heard—no brother’ aboot Upon the perfumed air rings wildly out In the Call gladness of his childish roat,

‘Can she eal up the ohareb-yard fer away, ‘Where sleeps the lost one from ous fazadly baad Ani lily’s droop above that palecleas clay, Tho last sud tokens of « mother’s hand The wild birds xing above that sunny spot, And pasting sonbeama shadow forth her lot, Mother, dear mother, is it all forgot?

sa li forgott-—ot do I only dream— Am I atill shrined within a mother's heart * Ts may poor image elnaped within that atream Ax purely as it wan in childhood’ start? Tw no fond Bower uprooted by the dlaat That Autumn winds have ruilely round us cast? But does my memory al! the storms ontlant?

See, seo thove tears, my mother, they may tell What means the dimneas of my faded eye; Wont tides the waves of anguish to them awell, TU they oerlenp their banka when nono ta nigh; Home to thy heart, my mother, let me Ay— Read one deat look of Lovo within thine eyom Then como the worse, within thine arme I'll die.)

�

title: Page:Peterson magazine 1849.pdf/20


text:
Introducing Jesus

 * Foreword by John Stott
 * Preface
 * 1) Born Twice (John  3:1-21)
 * 2) The Empty Life (John  4:1-42)
 * 3) The Son (John  5:16-47)
 * 4) The Bread (John  6:25-31)
 * 5) The Light (John  8:12-59)
 * 6) The Shepherd (John  10:1-42)
 * 7) The Way (John  14:1—14)
 * 8) The Helper (John  14:15-31)
 * 9) The Vine (John  15:1-17)
 * 10) The World (John  15:18-16:4)
 * 11) The Bequest (John  16:5-15)
 * 12) The Best Is Yet To Be (John  16:16-33)
 * 13) The Word Made Flesh (John  1:1-18)

title: Introducing Jesus


text:
Introducing Jesus/Foreword

Nothing is more necessary for the maturing of the church than conscientious, biblical and contemporary preaching. One such preacher is Roy Clements. Cambridge University students flock to Eden Baptist Church in their hundreds to listen to the word of God through his ministry. And I can understand why. For I have myself profited from his expositions, have sat under his able chairmanship at Council meetings of the London Institute for Contemporary Christianity, and have now read this his first book. In it he expounds the seven main discourses of Jesus in John's Gospel, beginning with the conversation with Nicodemus and ending with the Prologue. In this way, he introduces Jesus, as the book’s title indicates. The marks of authentic Christian preaching are here.

To begin with, Roy Clements is faithful to the biblical text. He knows Greek but does not parade his knowledge. He has read the commentators, but does not follow them slavishly. He is not afraid to adopt unfashionable positions, if integrity requires him to do so. For he interprets the text in both its historical and its biblical contexts. When there are alternative possibilities, he tells us not only which he chooses, but why. I admire his robust common sense and balanced judgement.

Secondly, Roy Clements is contemporary in his applications. He moves freely in the world of Marx and Freud, Sartre and William Golding, of religious pluralism and scientific secularism, of empty existentialism and revolutionary violence. He is also familiar with the modern theological and Christological debates. It is against the background of all this intellectual ferment that he invites us to listen afresh to the message of Jesus, and to grasp its relevance to our lives.

Thirdly, he is serious in his purpose. True, he knows the foibles of fallen beings, and sometimes pokes fun at them. But there is nothing flippant here. For Dr Clements is concerned that we should see Jesus. He wants to get behind the discourses to the speaker, behind the popular image to the real person. He portrays him as John witnesses to him, defends him against his detractors, and commends him to modern men and women. No attempt has been made to disguise the fact that these chapters began their life as sermons. So the preacher still addresses us directly and outspokenly. Some readers will surely be brought by the Holy Spirit to faith in Jesus. Others will have their faith clarified and strengthened. None of us can fail to be enriched.

John Stott

December 1985

title: Introducing Jesus/Foreword


text:
Introducing Jesus/Preface

It is a wise man who has learnt to recognize his own limitations. Long ago I discovered that I was no writer. It is, therefore, with a considerable amount of hesitation that I offer this book to you. In mitigation I can only plead the persuasion of many friends who have insisted that it ought to be published. If I had the necessary gift and time it would have been more satisfactory I am sure to have rewritten this material from scratch as a book. Possessing neither, I can only present you with an edited transcript of thirteen sermons as they were delivered verbatim at Eden Baptist Church, Cambridge in 1984.

All preachers are plagiarists, and often unconsciously so. Inevitably one reads much in preparation for preaching, and in the process of its digestion other people’s material gets woven into the text of the sermon. Where direct quotations from books have been made I have tried to identify the source. But the discerning reader will probably recognize allusions to and dependencies on other authors which pass unacknowledged. May I apologize in advance to any who feel slighted by the omission of their name in the credits. Please take it as a most sincere form of flattery. Thanks are due to a number of folk without whom this book could not have made progress. In particular may I mention Mrs Pat Blake for her tireless work on the tape-recordings and manuscripts; the Publications Committee and the deacons of Eden Baptist Church for a large amount of related administrative work; and to Kingsway Publications for encouraging the venture and offering considerable help in its achievement. The series of sermons from which this book is taken were an example of the kind of expository and evangelistic preaching with which I am most comfortable. My hope is that they may perhaps bring encouragement to the Christian and challenge to the seeking non-Christian. It is often said that preachers are six-feet above contradiction. If so, then authors are even more remote from the criticisms of their audience. It would be helpful therefore to receive constructive comments from those gallant enough to read it.

Roy Clements

Eden Baptist Church,

Cambridge

title: Introducing Jesus/Preface


text:
Page:Peterson magazine 1849.pdf/117

 104 best of nurses. Besides, was not the knowledge that his love was returned, and the sweet companionship of Kate sufficient to ensure his recovery, without other medicaments? It was not long before he was well enough to walk out, leaning on ber arm; and one of his first visits was (o the various localities of the baule-tietd.

“Here,” he said, “ was where Stirling was posted, and with his antiliery, checked the enemy's advance. ‘Thet epor, ciose by the parsonage, you well know; for there Wayne made his terrible stand.”

"Ah! I remember it,” said Kate, “aud how, while the desperate selec continued over the corpse of Col. Monckton, I thought of the etruggie for the dead body of Hector. And then I prayed for my country’s cause.”

“And hore,” continued Mowbry, * was the spot where I stood, with the antilery of Knox, The general says, you know, that (be way in which we served our pieces had much to du in deciding the victory. Here is where I feil.”

Kate pressed ber lover's arm, at these words; and, after a momentary glance at the wampled earth, turned shuddering away.

“I thank God, dearest,” sbe said, “daily, nay! hourly for hie mercy in spuring you, where so many have fallen, Yet I thank him, too, that you bave been instromental in assisting to establish the liber- ties of our country, But the nightair grows chili, aud you are yet weak—we must go back to the house.”

A few months subsequent to these events, Mowbry and his fair cousin were both reconciled, as he had predicted, to their uncle: the more readily, perhaps, because the Stanley estates would have been in tome danger of confiscation, if the next heir had not been such a patriot as our hero,

Again the old mansion was lighted up for @ bridal, but thie time the male guests were Auericun, not British officers; and aguiu a commander-in-chief honored the fete with kis presence, bat now it was Washington, not Sir Wiiliam Howe. Nor did the bride disappoint the company, as on a former ocea- nion; but went through the ceremony, if not without agitation, certainly without unwillingness,

THE DAY OF LIFE.

BY J. M. WILLIS GEIST. The solar beams of rising morn ‘Come dancing o'er the Eastera bills, As ebou night from earth is torn, ‘And gladdening day hor empire fille; Sweet warbling puices Gill the groves, ‘While living Natore swarms sbrood—= ‘Oh, lovely day! thy opening proves ‘The sovereign influence of our God.

Meridian suubeame gild the earth ‘With variegated hues of life, While prognant Nature groane in birth, With riches big, with blessings ripe? The sturdy oxen browsing now Beneath the ouklets? spreading al Enjoy a respite from the plough, ‘And graze well pleased the neighboring glade,

The day-god, walking o'er the wos, His fading glory Gushes buck, And Binge bis mellow light on me, Love teacing his diurnal track— ‘Wherein I road the fight of Time ‘Which meseures off each mortal’s span, Aud learn thie truth for every elime— Esch day unfolds the type of man?

The morning of our life advenes Yn innocence aud infant peace; ‘Maternal love and fairy seene Come bounding forth as daya increane; ‘The prattling glee of childixh bearte ‘Dintlln aveet music nil around, And young unbroken Hope imperts Pure joy to pleasures early found

The noontide nf omr mortal years Comes rushing on with woiay speed, And seeds of sorrow hopes aud feare— ‘Are seatterud o'er life's dowy mead; ‘Within the beautiful parterre Which faney nurtared for our owa, (How prove tho sanguine miud te ere) ‘The weede of sin aud etrife are growa.

The evening of our life draws on, Tae flickering ump begina to wanes Oor pilgrim race is lost or won— A Tace wo ne’er can run agai! ‘Oh, then it aveme a litile while Siuce aporting in our childieh glee, ‘When manly strength and Portunc’s emile Gave Guttering hopes of years tu be.

When sinking in the arms of death And bidding fondest friends ndiea, How aweet (o yield our fleeting breath I inhale the life of Heavenly dew ! Tu make our pillow on hie breast, ‘Who made hia bed on flery wrath ‘To purchase everlasting rett, And lead us in bis Heavealy path!

Tis aweet to think when gloomy night Throws her dark mantle o'er the ye, That morning with hia rory tight Will gild again our lovely sky And thus when sleeping out the close Of mutual life's allotted span, How sweet to dream of that repnee Which Heaven gives Inamortal man!

�

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Page:Peterson magazine 1849.pdf/36

 . been put off for a month, then for three, and then for an indefinite period. She is now dying, but she is not unhappy; for Gerald, who has been sent for, sits beside her, holding her hand in his, and weeping; he has been true to his promise to Lillian, but never, not for one moment, has Lushes suspected that he loves another.

Lillian, too, is there, moving around the chamber like a ministering angel. She has seen little of Gerald since their parting year before, and this meeting has been something of a trie! for her, but she has learned to lean less on her own pride of heart and more on a higher source, and she has triumphed. At Lushee’s dying request, she has come to be with her.' She met Gerald with composed words, thanks to the efficacy of prayer.

It is a calm, eummer evening, and the sweet, freg-rant air—for it is the country—steala in through the cagement and fans the hot cheek of the sufferer.

Raise me up,” said Lashee faintly.

Gerald softly supported her in his arms. while Lil-Tian arranged the pillows under her. Leshee smiled ‘on both, oh, how kindly,

The runle of the trees, the marmur of ramning ‘woters, the birds chirping in the hedges, and other'sweet, rural sounds flooded in until the room was filled with holy music, and then a distant church bell tolled for the evening service. The low, musical sound seemed to her like a call from heaven.

“When another day comes around,” said Lushee, “and you hear that vesper bell again, I shall be no more among you. But I die happy. It is only at parting with you, Gerald, that I grieve. Yet it is all for the beat.

She stopped, for her breath grew shorter and shorter, and she had to pause to recover herself. Soon abe resumed—

“Don't weep, Gerald," she said, “nor you, Lit-Vian."Tam not at for a world like this, and it is better [should go hence]. We shall all meet in heaven.”

“Dear Lushee,” sobbed Lillian. She could not say more.

Gerald turned his face away and sobbed audibly.

"I have something to ask of you, Gerald,” said Lushee after awhile, and when all were more composed. “It has been on my mind ever since I have been here. Itisabout yourmarryingagain. I wish that you and Lillian could love each other. I often wondered why you never did. I'm sure you would make ‘each other happy."

She stopped and looked from one to another.

Tears were raining down the cheeks of Liltian, but she did not look at Gerald; her eyes were fixed on her dying father. Gerald, too, regarded only Lashee.

“Yon are both here,” said the dying angel, “and can you snaw me? Lillian, I know, loves no one; and you, Gerald, will you not obey me?” and she looked from one to the other.

For an instant, the eyes of Gerald and Lillian met, ‘and a thrill, a strange thrill, awfully solemn yet not bitter, went to the hearts of each. Then their gaze rested on Lushes. Sha had seen their mutual glance; she indeed directed it; and now a bappy Amile broke over her countenance; she joined their bands.

May you be happy, dear Lillian,” she said. "And, Gerald, be true to her—ebe is a jewel worth keeping."God bless you both!”

‘She smiled egaio, more sweetly than ever, turning from the face of one to that of the other. Gradually, her hold on the hands of either reiaxed—slowly, slowly. ‘ The vesper bell still tolled—but fainter and fainter, with departing cadence, When its last treme-logs note vibrated over Hill anddale, she murmured the names of Gerald and Lillian, and her spirit passed away, wafting upward to Heaven. It is no dream to think, by good angels who had waited at the threshold.

A moment before, and there had been three in that room, now Gerald and Lillian, looking instinctively at each other, felt there were only two. And, oh, how solemn is that conviction? Gerald tenderly laid the body of the departed on the bed, and then he and Lillian eank on their knees side by side.

‘They were different beings, were Gerald and Jian, after that ‘rial. Sorrow had obestened their hearts, and the memory of the dead thereafter was their talieman.

‘A year had passed since the demise of Lushee, when Gerald came to claim her. Ashly was once again decked in summer bloom. It was just two years from that night when 'Lillian made him promise to keep his trotk to Lushee, and, though to surrender bim then bad almovt broke ber heart, she rejoiced now at it. She felt that, from her home in heaven, Lushee saw God bless her for what he''d done.

“Oh, dear Lillian,” said Gerald to the bride, “how terrible a thing is pride. It came near shipwrecking me—but you, thank heaven, were my better angel.”

Litlian laid her head on her husband’s shoulder, ‘and there she sobbed, for her heart was falling.

OH, GIVE ME BACK MY HEART.

BY EDWARD J. PORTER. Oh, give me back my heart, agrin. In Raptare’s moment given, While rooning, it played the epirit breath. Of love's enchanting heaven: The chain that linked thy beauty has broken. The brightest links apart Oh, give me back my heart again? ‘Oh, give me back, say, heart?

‘Oh, give me back my heart again. It is now a withered thing. Like a shattered tute, whose tones are fown, ‘And broken each bright rings No touch may to ite chonls again. Love's passion-hreath imparts Ob, glvo me hack my heart again’ Oh, give me back my heart.

title: Page:Peterson magazine 1849.pdf/36


text:
Page:Peterson magazine 1849.pdf/21

 IS IT ECONOMY?

BY T. S. ARTHUR

‘We bad been married five years, and during the time had boerded for economy's sake. Bat the addi- tion of one after another to our family, dmonished us that it was getting time to enlarge our borders; and 20 we were determined to go to housekeeping. Ta matiers of domestic economy, boih my wife and mnyself weree little green; but Ithink I was greenest of the two.

To get a house was our Grst concern, and to select forniture our next, The hous was found after two months’ diligent search, end at the expense of a good deat of precious shoe leather, Seve me from an- other siege at house-honting! I would about as soon undertake to build m suitable derelling with my own hands as to fiod one “exactly the thing” already up, and waiting with open doors fore tenant. All the really desirable houses that we found ticketed “to et,” wore at feast two prices above our limit, and moet of those within our means we would hardly havo lived in reat free.

At last, however, we found @ cosy little nost of a house, just built, and clean and neat as a new pin, from top to Botton. It suited us to aT. And now came the next most important businese—selecting furniture. My wite’s ideas had always been a little in advance of mine, That is, she liked to bave every thing of the best quality; and bad the weakness, 80 to speak, of desiring 10 make an appearance. As my income, at the time, was but moderate, and the Prospect of an increase thereof not very flattering, I felt like being execedingly prudent in all outlays for farniture,

“We must be content with things few and plain,” said I, as we sat down one morning to figure up what ‘wo must get.

“But let them be good,” eaid my wile.

“Strong and substantial,” was my reply. “Bot we can't afford to pay for a great deal of exira polish and Gillagree work.”

“T-don't want anything very extrs, Mr. Jones,” returned my wife, a litte uneasily. “Though what Ido have, { would like good. It's no economy, in the end, to buy cheap things.”

‘The emphasis on the word cheap, rather grated on my ear; (or Iwas in favor of getting everything as cheap x8 possible,

“What kind of chairs did you think of getting?” asxed Mrs. Jones,

“A handsome set of canevseat,” I replied, think- ing that in this, at Jenst, I would be even with her ideas on the subject of parlor chairs,

Bul hee face did not brighten,

What kind woald you like?” said I.

“J believe it would be more economical in the end to get good siutfed seat, mahogany chairs,” re plied Mes. Jones.

“ At five dollars a-piece, Ellen!”

“Yes, Even at five doltars a-pieos. ‘They would Just ws our life-time; white cano-soat chairs, if wo {get thom, will have to he renewed two or three times, and cost a grest deal more in the ond, without being balf #0 comfortable, or looking balf so well.”

“Sixty dollars for a dozen chairs, when very good ones can be bad for twenty-four dollars! Indeed, Ellen, we muso%t think of auch « thing We can‘s afford it. Remember, there are a great maay other things to buy.”

‘economical in the end for us to diminieh the number of articles, and add to the quality of what we do have. Iam very much like the poor woman who preferred « cup of clear, strong, fragrant coffee thres. timea a week, to a decoction of burnt rye every day, ‘What I have, I do like good.”
 * T know, dear; but I am eure it will be mach more

“And so do I, Ellen. But, as I seid before, there. will be, diminish as we may, # great many things to buy, and we must make the cost of each as small an possible, We must not think of auch extravagance 88 mahogany chairs now. At some other time we may get them.”

My wife here gave up this point, and, whag a thought a litle remarkable, made no more points on, the subject of furniture. I had everything my own way, I bought cheap to my hearl’s content. It was ‘only necessary for me to express say approval of ax article, for her to assent to its purchase.

As to patronizing your fashionable cabinet-makers ‘and high-priced upholeerers, we were not guilty of the folly, but bought at reasonable rates trom auction stores and at public sales. Our parlor carpets oo. but ninety coms a yard, and were bandsomer than those for which a lady of our aequaiatance paid = dollar thirty-eight. Our chaies were of « neat, fancy patiern, and had cost thirty dollars e dozen, We had hesitated for some time between a set at twenty-four dollars and these ; bat the eiyle being #0 much more attractive, we tet our taste govern in the election. ‘The price of our sofa was eighteen dotlars, and I thought it a really genteel affair, though my wife was mot in raplures about it. A pair of card tables for fifwen dollars, and a marble-top cenire-table for four- teen, gave our perlors quite « handsome appearance.

“1 woulda’ ask anyibing more comfortable of genteel then this,” said 1, when the parlors were all “ fixed" right,

Mes. Jones looked pleased with the appearance of things, but did not express herself extravagantly.

In selecting our charaber furniture, a bandsome dressing-bureav and French bedstead that my wife went lo look at in the wareroom of a high-priced cabinet-naker, tempted her strongly, and it was with some difficulty that I could get her ideas back to a regular maple four-poster, a plain, ten dollar bureau, ‘and a two dollar dressing-glasa, Twenty and thirty �

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Page:Advice to the Indian Aristocracy.djvu/127

89 V. Proprietors are those who hold estates that were sold in auction for arrears of Peishcush, or Government taluqs sold by the East India Company. The East India Company, whose main object was trade, sold Government lands in lots for their revenue for the sake of convenience.

Except the proprietary estates, all the rest were in existence before the Permanent Settlement.


text:
Page:Urantia Foundation v. Maaherra (D. Ariz. 1995).pdf/13

 L. Dale Owens and Scott A. Wharton, of Booth, Wade & Campbell, Atlanta, GA, for plaintiff and counter-defendant, Urantia Foundation.

Joseph D. Lewis, of Cleary & Komen, Washington, DC, for defendant and counter-claimant, Kristen Maaherra.

URBOM, Senior District Judge,

This cause is before me on the plaintiff’s motion for partial summary judgment pursaant to Rule 56(d) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. The plaintiff, Urantia Foundation, alleges that the defendant, Kristen Maaherra, has infringed two of its registered trademarks. The defendant denies the allegation of infringement and contends that the plaintiff’s marks are generic and were obtained fraudulently. Upon review of the record, I find that the plaintiff’s motion shall be granted in part and denied in part.

The Urantia Foundation was created in 1950 with an objective of educating the peoples of the world in an attempt to increase and enhance their comfort, happiness, and well being. The plaintiff employs various means to accomplish this goal, one of which is the sale of The URANTIAUrantia [sic] Book and related publications. In 1971, the plaintiff registered “URANTIA” and the symbol of three blue concentric circles as trademarks for books manufactured, printed, or distributed by the Urantia Foundation. (Pl.’s Compl. at Exs. C, D.) In 1979, the plaintiff expanded its trademark protection to include printed publications in general. Id. at E, F.

The defendant has been an avid reader of The URANTIAUrantia [sic] Book since 1969, and “[o]ver the years, she has given away many study aids for [the book].” (Def.’s Statement of Facts in Opp’n to Pl.’s Mot. for Partial Summ.JJ. [sic] on Trademark Issues ¶29.) [hereinafter Def.’s Facts]. In 1990, the defendant prepared a study aid that included the text of The URANTIAUrantia [sic] Book. (Def’s Facts ¶31.) Thereafter, the defendant distributed the


text:
Page:Advice to the Indian Aristocracy.djvu/129

91 necessary or extravagant, you must not think of such items, unless your father is not saving money and improving the estate.

Whatever be the circumstances under which you succeed to your estate, i.e., whether you were or were not under the Court of Wards, you must consider all the money lying in the Treasury in the form of savings at the time of your succession, and all the landed property added to the ancient estate before your succession, in other words, all the movable and immovable property, as part of your ancient property, and you should never spend a single pie or alienate a small piece of the newly acquired land. But try to improve the personal and the real estate.

On the other hand, suppose that the estate was unfortunately involved in debt. If so, never think of buying this or that, of charity and of name, but clear off your


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92 debt first and think of other matters afterwards. I know a friend who was very careful in his expenditure till he had cleared off his debt and had saved a little. But I have, of course, heard of only a few men of that stamp.

It is always a very good thing to do to continue the same Manager or Dewan for a few years. If you find him able and honest, you may continue him longer. Even the Government will, on your application, lend you, for a few years, the services of the same Manager that was managing your estate under the Court of Wards.

If you have to select a Manager or a Dewan before you are well acquainted with the management, even for a fairly high salary, get a retired Deputy Collector as a Manager, or the Dewan of some estate who has had the reputation of being able and honest. If you and your Manager are both strangers to work, you will never


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93 know what is to be done and you will become a loser in many ways. Whatever abilities he has, watch him carefully and do most of the work yourself with the aid of such a man. Then you will learn the business in detail and he cannot cheat you even if he wishes to do so; because you do and know the business in detail.

After the first period suppose you have to select another Manager. It is always good to employ one whom you know well. If you hear of any one who is an able man, send for him, see him frequently and, if you find he appears to you a suitable man, then appoint him as your Manager. Sometimes Europeans recommend some one for the post. Their recommendation will always be good, if it is made at your request. After the first period, I think from my own experience, it is satisfactory to have two Managers instead of one. I have also noticed that the management was well